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Sir David Brewster's Letters on Natural Magic (1831) was popular and influential in Poe's time. A respected scientist and noted writer, Brewster addresses the volume to Sir Walter Scott, who suggested the book as part of the Family Library Historical Series. In the introductory letter to Scott, Brewster declares his intention to "imbody the information which history supplies respecting the fables and incantations of the ancient superstitions, and to show how far they can be explained by the scientific knowledge which then prevailed."(1)
The first "letter" discusses the "secret use which was . . . made of scientific discoveries" (p. 17). In later chapters Brewster explains natural phenomena which he calls magic — what could be interpreted as supernatural events by the incredulous or naive — and describes spectral images and other visual and auditory puzzles as "chapter[s] in the history of the marvelous" (p. 34). He insists that they have long been used by rulers in subjugating the citizenry:
When the tyrants of antiquity were unable or unwilling to found their sovereignty on the affections and interests of their people, they sought to entrench themselves in the strongholds of supernatural influences, and to rule with the delegated authority of Heaven. The prince, the priest, and the sage, were leagued in a dark conspiracy to deceive and enslave their species; and man, who refused his submission to a being like himself, became the obedient slave of a spiritual despotism, and willingly bound himself in chains when they seemed to have been forged by the gods. (p. 14)
. . .
A national system of deception, intended as an instrument of government, must have brought into requisition not merely the scientific skill of the age, but a variety of subsidiary contrivances calculated to astonish the beholder, to confound his judgment, to dazzle his senses, and to give a predominant influence to the peculiar imposture which it was thought desirable to establish. (p. 70)
Only slight attention has been given the significant use Poe made of Brewster's Letters. Recently, Burton Pollin speculates that Poe must have used the "1832 pirated edition of the Harpers, reprinted year [page 155:] after year for decades." He identifies the first trace of Brewster's book in Poe's fiction as the word DISCOVERY mysteriously written on a sail in "MS. Found in a Bottle" (1833).(2) Years ago, W. K. Wimsatt, Jr., established Poe's reliance on Brewster for "Maelzel's Chess Player," attributing Poe's "exposure" of the chess machine as a person hiding in it to his writing skill, not to his reasoning ability: "Poe alleges as the foundation of his 'result' seventeen 'observations taken during frequent visits to the exhibition.' Some of them are acute and well applied, but these all tend to establish, not the way the machine worked, but as Poe confesses in a footnote, the fact already amply established, that the machine must be regulated by mind . . . . Sir David Brewster had assumed it was obvious and dwelt on it momentarily."(3) Pollin speculates upon Poe's going to such lengths to expose the device which needed no exposing as a hoax: "The ignorance of the public and the failure of anyone to note the pretensions of his claim may then have led him to persist in presenting it as a piece of original ratiocination."(4) Actually Poe concentrates on detailing ways how people can be fooled, a judgment which Wimsatt supports: "Poe emerges from the 'Essay' not as a detective drawing from 'observed facts a conclusion which squares with other facts. He emerges as an imaginative writer, with a power of making bright and acceptable the drab mechanic guesses of writers with an eye to reality" (p.151).
Little attention has been given the extensive and imaginative use Poe made of Brewster in his other fiction, however. A reading of Letters shows that the book had a significant impact on Poe's thought throughout his career and provided him with ideas for creating numerous fictional effects. Although Brewster strove to divest phenomena of its mystery and magic, Poe used mysterious effects in creating his fiction. As Poe's youthful Pym says, "Schoolboys . . . can accomplish wonders in the way of deception" (H3:16).
Plausibly, the author of Treatise on Optics (1831) devotes much of Letters to the subject of visual distortion. He discusses at length various ways that visual perception can be confounded — mirrors, haze, smoke, light, and other conditions of nature — and the resulting illusions. Brewster clearly provided material that Poe used in creating effects in his fiction. Brewster details how strategically placed mirrors may trick the eye into seeing an image in an inverted position or in some other strange circumstance; for example, if two concave mirrors are placed opposite each other, an aerial image will be formed which "will exhibit the precise form and colours and movements of the living object," but it will make an image "either suspended in the air or depicted upon a wreath of smoke" (p. 66). [page 156:]
This effect must be what Poe has in mind in Pym when the native Too-wit looks into the two large mirrors in the cabin of the Jane Guy: "Upon raising his eyes and seeing his reflected self in the glass, I thought the savage would go mad; but, upon turning short round to make a retreat, and beholding himself a second time in the opposite direction, I was afraid he would expire on the spot" (H3: 183). Poe does not explain that Too-wit may be seeing himself in some distorted fashion, either upside down or floating in the air. Pym and the crew members see Too-wit's reaction as naivete, but their assumptions about the simple-mindedness of the natives soon prove false, of course, when the savages engineer an earthslide which entombs most of the party.
Poe uses mirrors for psychological effect in "Von Jung" ("Mystification") and "William Wilson." Baron Ritzner Von Jung throws a decanter of wine into the mirrored reflection of Mynheer Herman with the words: "I shall discharge this decanter of wine at your image in yonder mirror, and thus fulfill all the spirit, if not the exact letter, of resentment for your insult, while the necessity of physical violence to your real person will be obviated" (M2: 300). As part of an elaborate ruse involving both the provocation and eventual aversion of a duel, the mirror thus facilitates the Baron's practical joke. The narrator in "William Wilson" does resort to physical violence by savagely stabbing his own double. Psychologically, the murder of the doppelgänger becomes self-destruction; the narrator perceives this truth only when he confronts his image in an imaginary mirror: "A large mirror, — so at first it seemed to me in my confusion — now stood where none had been perceptible before; and, as I stepped up to it in extremity of terror, mine own image, but with features all pale and dabbled in blood, advanced to meet me with a feeble and tottering gait" (M2: 447448). This scene closely parallels Brewster's explanation that mirrors may create an illusion of a person being stabbed by his own image:
If a person with a drawn and highly polished dagger, illuminated by a strong light, stands a little farther from a concave mirror than its principal focus, he will perceive in the air between himself and the mirror an inverted and diminished image of his own person with the dagger similarly brandished. If he aims the dagger at the centre of the mirror's concavity, the two daggers will meet point to point, and, by pushing it still farther from him towards the mirror, the imaginary dagger will strike at his heart . . . . By using two mirrors . . . the spectator would witness an exact image of the assassin aiming the dagger at his life. (pp. 66-67) [page 157:]
Poe's fiction abounds with scenes which appear out of a smokey or cloudy atmosphere. These scenes are often beautiful as in the "Domain of Amheim" or "Landor's Cottage," frequently mysterious as in "The Man of the Crowd" or "A Tale of the Ragged Mountains," but sometimes grotesque as in "King Pest." The last may derive macabre imagery involving skulls and skeletons from an observation of Brewster's about effects of light passing through haze, dust, or smoke:
It has long been a favourite experiment to place at A a white and strongly illuminated human skull, and to exhibit an image of it amid the smoke of a chafing-dish at B; but a more terrific effect would be produced if a small skeleton suspended by invisible wires were placed as an object at A. Its image suspended in the air at B, or painted upon smoke, could not fail to astonish the spectator. (p. 66)
Perhaps achieving a "more terrific effect" is the object of the sinister assembly described in Poe's "King Pest":
Before each of the party lay a portion of a skull, which was used as a drinking cup. Overhead was suspended a human skeleton, by means of a rope tied round one of the legs and fastened to a ring in the ceiling. The other limb confined by no such fetter, stuck off from the body at right angles, causing the whole loose and rattling frame to dangle and twirl about at the caprice of every occasional puff of wind which found its way into the apartment. In the cranium of this hideous thing lay a quantity of ignited charcoal, which threw a fitful but vivid light over the entire scene; while coffins, and other wares appertaining to the shop of an undertaker, were piled high up around the room, and against the windows, preventing any ray from escaping into the street. (M2: 248)
Scenes in this tale are as gruesome as the death ship described in Ch. 10 of Pym. Despite the repulsive imagery and the setting in a wine cellar beneath an undertaker's shop, "King Pest" is "one of the most brilliant pure burlesques in the language'"(5)
Brewster's discussion of the magic lantern effect perhaps explains one of Poe's strangest stories, "A Tale of the Ragged Mountains." Brewster describes "mysterious handwriting on the wall of an apartment from which the magician and his apparatus were excluded" (p. 89) as well as the arrangement of a speculum and lens which could project an image at a distance when illuminated by sunlight. He adds: "any word associated with the fate of the individual observer could not fail to produce a singular effect upon his mind" (p. 90). This line might well [page 158:] have prompted Poe to tell the story of Augustus Bedloe, who, as if stepping through a space-time warp amid the mists and fog of Indian Summer, vividly experiences what appears to be his own past death in the midst of an uprising in an Oriental city. After the wind blows away the fog, "as if by the wand of an enchanter," Bedloe sees an "Easternlooking city" on the banks of the river far below him and witnesses events which, Dr. Templeton later reveals, have basis in historical fact.(6) Whether Bedloe's experience is hallucination, dream, fantasy, remembrance, mirage, delusion or clairvoyance is never made entirely clear. Poe wants us to rule out, I think, the simple explanation that it was all a dream in having Bedloe "test" it by suspecting it to be a dream. The narrator finds significance in the palindrome created by the name Oldeb by the typographical misspelling of Bedloe's name as Bedlo in his obituary, an error which the narrator claims makes "one truth [that] is stranger than any fiction" (M3: 950). Ironically, this conclusion creates even more mystification unless one considers Brewster's sketch showing a word projected in reverse by the magic lantern effect (p. 89, Fig. 9) and that the mirror image of Oldeb would be Bedlo.
Still another idea about visual phenomena which Poe may have borrowed from Brewster is seeing better by indirect vision. Brewster explains that "all objects seen indirectly are seen indistinctly; but it is a curious circumstance, that when we wish to obtain a sight of a very faint star, such as one of the satellites of Saturn, we can see it most distinctly by looking away from it, and when the eye is turned full upon it, it immediately disappears" (p. 15). Poe uses this idea in several tales, notably "Murders," and states it in "A Chapter of Suggestions": "The intuitive and seemingly casual perception by which we often attain knowledge, when reason herself falters and abandons the effort, appears to resemble the sudden glancing at a star by which we see it more clearly than by a direct gaze" (M3: 1318, n5). Pym applies the principle to his dilemma in the dark hold of the Grampus when he needs to examine a piece of paper: "The white slip of paper could barely be discerned, and not even that when I looked at it directly; by turning the exterior portions of the retina toward it, that is to say, by surveying it slightly askance, I found that it became in some measure perceptible" (H3: 37).
Pym's action, as he later realizes, is not so clever as it first sounds because the paper appears blank, and he tears it up and throws it away. Later, realizing his folly in not examining both sides of the paper, he finds the pieces and fits them together. His phosphorous almost gone, he feel what he hopes is the written side for some unevenness on its surface: "I now again carried my forefinger cautiously along when I was aware of an exceedingly slight, but still discernible glow, which [page 159:] followed as it proceeded. This I knew, must arise from some very minute remaining particles of the phosphorus with which I had covered the paper in my previous attempt" (H3: 40). Pym continues his efforts until he does indeed discover a note, only part of which he can read because his phosphorous supply burned out. Pym's method must owe something to Brewster on reading coins in the dark: "All black or rough surfaces radiate light more copiously than polished or smooth surfaces, and hence the inscription is luminous when it is rough" (p. 113).
Brewster's discussion of spectre images may explain the muchdiscussed but still puzzling "shrouded human figure, very far larger in its proportions than any dweller among men. And the hue of the skin of the figure was of the perfect whiteness of the snow" (H3: 242). The figure at the end of Pym could be a visual fantasy according to Brewster on what can happen to vision in twilight:
The pupil expands nearly to the whole width of the iris, in order to collect the feeble light which prevails; but it is demonstrable that in this state the eye cannot accommodate itself to see near objects distinctly, so that the forms of persons and things actually become more shadowy and confused when they come within the very distance at which we count upon obtaining the best view of them. . . . The spectres which are conjured up are always white, because no other colour can be seen, and they are either formed out of inanimate objects which reflect more light than others around the, or of animals or human beings whose colour or change of place renders them more visible in the dark. When the eye dimly descries an inanimate object whose different parts reflect different degrees of light, its brighter parts may enable the spectator to keep up a continued view of it; but the disappearance and reappearance of its fainter parts, and the change of shape which ensues, will necessarily give it the semblance of a living form, and if it occupies a position which is unapproachable, and where animate objects cannot find their way, the mind will soon transfer to it a supernatural existence. (pp. 25-26)
Poe, of course, leaves the significance of the figure to speculation by readers, but Pym survives to tell the tale even though Poe never explains how he survives. Throughout the journey the pattern involves danger and deceptive appearances with even the circumstances which seem most treacherous or inexplicable yielding to reasonable explanation. Richard Kopley theorizes that the "shrouded human figure" is a reflection of a ship's figurehead in the form of a penguin; a ship, of course, could account for Pym's survival. Although he does [page 160:] not consider Brewster's ideas, Kopley believes that the "essential structure of the book" rests on the idea of double mirrors.(7)
Brewster also analyzes spectre images of ships or land projected onto the horizon when atmospheric conditions are just right. He offers an explanation of spectre ships, which in some instances have been seen in duplicate with one image reversed as with the double mirrors:
If, in serene weather, the surface of the sea is much colder than the air of the atmosphere, as it frequently is, . . . the air next the sea will gradually become colder and colder, by giving out its heat to the water; and the air immediately above will give out its heat to the cooler air immediately below it, so that the air from the surface of the sea, to a considerable height upwards, will gradually diminish in density, and therefore must produce the very phenomena we have described. (p. 142)
These phenomena are circumstances in which atmospheric and temperature conditions are such that the surface of the water acts either as a concave or convex lens and may produce the image of an object "transferred over the intervening convexity and presented in distinct and magnified outline" (p. 140). Such conditions may explain the false shore line envisioned by Parker when Pym knows that their vessel is far from land (H3: 121). Similarly, the ship Pym later spots in the same direction may have been a mirage; such a possibility could account for her apparently erratic behavior in that she at first appears to be heading toward the stranded crew. Suddenly Pym sees the "ship all at once with her stern fully presented towards us, and steering in a direction nearly opposite to that in which I had at first perceived her" (H3: 122).
Another particularly fascinating image Brewster cites is the spectre of Mt. Aetna, which may have provided Poe a suggestion for Eureka; Brewster quotes a Rev. Mr. Hughes on the following illusion: "'At the extremity of the vast shadow which Aetna projects across the island, appears a perfect and distinct image of the mountain itself elevated above the horizon, and diminished as if viewed in a concave mirror"' (p. 139). The narrator of Eureka could literally spin around on a spectral mountain about as well as on the real Mt. Aetna, which is a volcano. This gyration, however, would cause "exclusively terrestrial matters" to vanish and allow the "more conspicuous [to] become blended into one" (H16:187).
Poe may be further indebted to Brewster for the notion of seeing all "blended into one." Brewster explains the pinwheel effect of putting [page 161:] part of a sentence on one side of a card and part on the other and then spinning the card
Particular letters may be given on one side, and others upon the other, or even halves or parts of each letter may be put upon each side, or all these contrivances may be combined, so that the sentiment which they express can be understood only when all the scattered parts are united by the revolution of the card.
As the revolving card is virtually transparent, so that bodies beyond it can be seen through it, the power of the illusion might be greatly extended by introducing into the picture other figures either animate or inanimate. The setting sun, for example, might be introduced into a landscape (p. 35).
Surely this image of the setting sun suggests a scene in Poe's "The Island of the Fay":
As I thus mused, with half-shut eyes, while the sun sank rapidly to rest, and eddying currents careered round and round the island, bearing upon their bosom large, dazzling, white flakes of the bark of the sycamore — flakes which, in their multiform positions upon the water, a quick imagination might have converted into anything it pleased — while I thus mused, it appeared to me that the form of one of those very Fays about whom I had been pondering, made its way slowly into the darkness from out of the light at the western end of the island (M2: 604).
Besides the visual manifestations that so readily convince people that they have witnessed the supernatural, Brewster explains several incidents involving ventriloquism which suggest to the listener that the voice came from "a spirit": "though the persons of his [the ventriloquist's] fictitious dialogue are not visible to the eye, yet they are unequivocally present to the imagination of his auditors, as if they had been shadowed forth in the silence of a spectral form" (p.160). Poe has Peters use a disguised voice in the scene where Pym, masquerading as a corpse, frightens one of his captors to death and stuns the others so much that Pym and his companions escape. The narrator of Poe's "Thou Art the Man"(8) uses his "ventriloquial abilities" to accuse a man of murder (M3: 1059). The effect of a corpse making an accusation was so shocking that Mr. Goodfellow confessed to the murder and died on the spot.(9)
Brewster's discussion of cavities in minerals could explain the strange color and texture of the water found by Pym and his [page 162:] companions. Brewster describes "two new fluids different from any hitherto known," which can be seen under microscope in the cavities of gems; these fluids exist "in the same cavity in actual contact, without mixing together in the slightest degree" (p. 298). His detailed explanation of this phenomenon concentrates on properties in the fluids which expand and contract differently in response to heat, but he also remarks on the "singular" nature of the fluids and the resulting "beautiful optical phenomena" (pp. 298-306). Poe's account reads:
At a small brook . . . Too-wit and his attendants halted to drink. On account of the singular character of the water, we refused to taste it, supposing it to be polluted. . . , Although it flowed with rapidity in all declivities where common water would do so, yet never, except when falling in a cascade, had it the customary appearance of limpidity. It was . . . not colorless, nor was it of any one uniform color-presenting to the eye, as it flowed, every possible shade of purple, like the hues of a changeable silk. This variation of shade was produced in a manner which excited as profound astonishment in the minds of our party as the mirror had done in the case of Too-wit. Upon collecting a basinful, and allowing it to settle thoroughly, we perceived that the whole mass of liquid was made up of a number of distinct veins, each of a distinct hue; that these veins did not commingle; and that their cohesion was perfect in regard to their own particles among themselves, and imperfect in regard to neighboring veins. Upon passing the blade of a knife athwart the veins, the water closed over it immediately, and also, in withdrawing it, all traces of the passage of the knife were instantly obliterated. If however the blade was passed down accurately between the two veins, a perfect separation was effected which the power of cohesion did not immediately rectify (H3: 186-187).
Brewster recounts also an undivulged chemical process that produced a remarkable color transformation:
Professor Beyruss, who lived at the court of the Duke of Brunswick, one day pronounced to his highness that the dress which he wore should during dinner become red; and the change actually took place, to the astonishment of the prince and the rest of his guests. M. Vogel, who has recorded this curious fact, has not divulged the secret of the German chemist; but he observes, that if we pour limewater into the juice of beet-root, we shall obtain a colourless liquid; and that a piece of white cloth dipped in this liquid and dried rapidly will in a few hours become red by the [page 163:] mere contact of air. M. Vogel is also of opinion that this singular effect would be accelerated in an apartment where champaign or other fluids charged with carbonic acid are poured out in abundance. (p. 307)
One need only recall such transformations as that of Berenice's hair changing from dark to light or Rowena's from light to dark to appreciate Poe's fascination with such possibilities. He was intrigued by transformations. One of the most interesting connections of all between Brewster's book and Poe's fiction concerns one of Poe's last tales, "Von Kempelen and His Discovery." This tale is also linked to "Maelzel's Chess Player" in that, according to Brewster, the inventor of the chess machine was M. Kempelen of Presburg (p. 243). Poe's Von Kempelen discovered how to transform lead into gold.
Although on the surface the tone of "Von Kempelen" resembles that of a fairly serious report, Poe makes some of his funniest jokes in it. The narrator's deadpan reference to "protoxide" of azote, for example, is really a reference to nitrous oxide or laughing gas (Pollin, Discoveries, p. 179). He also quibbles over grammar in the sentence supposedly quoted from Sir Humphrey Davy's "Diary," a source still unidentified despite Poe's bracketed editorial comment in response to the narrator's promise of a quotation from the "Diary": "As we have not the algebraic signs necessary, and as the 'Diary' is to be found at the Athenaeum Library, we omit here a small portion of Mr. Poe's manuscript" (M3: 1358). Pollin believes that Poe invented the "Diary of Sir Humphrey Davy," even down to its spurious facts of publication and page references (Discoveries, p.170).(10)
Interestingly, near the end of Letters, Brewster includes several pages of direct quotation from Davy recounting the effects on himself of laughing gas, taken experimentally on three separate occasions. Although Davy claims no ill effects from the gas, he does experience a euphoria which resembles intoxication and causes him to exclaim on one occasion, "'What an annoying concatenation of ideas!'" (p. 309) and on another, "'Nothing exists but thoughts; the universe is composed of impressions, ideas, pleasures, and pains!"' (p. 310). Perhaps these remarks prompted Poe to mock this respected scientist with a cryptic line: "The fact is, Sir Humphrey Davy was about the last man in the world to commit himself on scientific topics. Not only had he a more than ordinary dislike to quackery, but he was morbidly afraid of appearing empirical" (M3: 1359). Probably, Poe's sly references to Davy's "Diary" were directed at the passages in Brewster's Letters as the source of the apocryphal "Diary." In fact, Poe claims that the following line appears near the middle of page thirteen in Davy: "'In less than half a minute the respiration being continued, diminished [page 164:] gradually and were succeeded by analogous to gentle pressure on all the muscles"' (M1: 1359). A sentence from Brewster must be the source of Poe's garbled version: "'The first feelings were similar to those produced in the last experiment, but in less than half a minute, the respiration being continued, they diminished gradually, and were succeeded by a highly pleasurable thrilling, particularly in the chest and the extremities"' (pp. 308-309).
Despite sounding like a title Poe would invent, "Silliman's Journal" was a popular scientific publication — the American Journal of Science and Arts, edited by Benjamin Silliman. Immediately following his quotations from Davy, Brewster quotes Professor Silliman's account of two of his students who took nitrous oxide: one of "sanguine temperament" became so excited that he danced and shouted and "was thrown into a frightful fit of delirium" (p. 311); the other, who had been gloomy and depressed, experienced "'an astonishing invigoration of his whole system, and the most exquisite perceptions of delight,"' but also developed a taste for sugar or molasses on everything he ate as a result of this experiment (p. 312). It is not surprising that Poe took a satiric thrust at "Silliman's Journal" in "Von Kempelen."
Brewster's Letters may not only have given Poe these hints for humor in "Von Kempelen," but, in a discussion of alchemy, the suggestion for the tale itself. Brewster claims that at one time "gold and silver were actually produced by chemical processes from the rude ores of lead and copper" (p. 269). His further discussion may have provided Poe with the idea for alchemy as a criminal act which could be used for satire.
When his [the alchemist's] calling was followed, as it soon was, by men prodigal of fortune and of character, science became an instrument of crime; secrets unattained were bartered for the gold of the credulous and the ignorant, and books innumerable were composed to teach these pretented [sic] secrets to the world. An intellectual reaction, however, soon took place; and those very princes who had sought to fill their exhausted treasuries at the furnace of the chemist, were the first to enact laws against the frauds which they had encouraged, and to dispel the illusions which had so long deceived their subjects.
But even when the moral atmosphere of Europe was thus disinfected, chemistry supplied the magician with his most lucrative wonders, and those who could no longer delude the public with dreams of wealth and longevity, now sought to amuse and astonish them by the exhibition of their skill, (pp. 275-276) [page 165:]
Poe apparently considered "Von Kempelen" a "moral disinfectant" for gold fever: "The announcement of the discovery six months ago would have had material influence in regard to the settlement of California" (M3:1364).
Clearly, Brewster provided Poe with sources for some of his most provocative works. He responded imaginatively to Brewster's charge: "If those who have not hitherto sought for instruction and amusement in the study of the material world, shall have found a portion of either in the preceding pages, they will not fail to extend their inquiries to other popular departments of science, even if they are less marked with the attributes of the marvellous" (p. 313), For Poe, Brewster's book was useful as a source of "instruction and amusement," not in studying the "material world" so much as in creating his fictional world.
1. Letters on Natural Magic (New York, 1832), p. 17.
2. "'MS. Found in a Bottle' and Sir David Brewster's Letters: A Source," PoeS, 15(1982), 41-42.
3. "Poe and the Chess Automaton," AL, 11(1939), 148-149.
4. Discoveries in Poe (Notre Dame, 1970), p. 171.
5. Constance Rourke, American Humor: A Study of the National Character (New York, 1931), p. 183.
6. Templeton is right in that at least some of the details of Bedloe's vision refer to "actual events" (M3: 949). Warren Hastings was indeed administrator of Benares, but Mabbott says that the date of the insurrection should be 1781 (M3: 952, n20). Pollin says that Poe plagiarized from Macaulay in using the name Bedloe from an account of an uprising against Hastings and cites an interesting historical precedent for Bedloe in English history: "William Bedloe had confirmed the false testimony of Titus Oates in the false charges against the Catholics in 1678, in consequence of which thirty-five men were judicially murdered" (Discoveries, p.26). The implication is that the name Bedloe connotes falsification.
7. "The Hidden Journey of Arthur Gordon Pym," in SAR (1982), p. 30.
8. Interestingly, the title, "Thou Art the Man," ties this tale even more closely to Sir David Brewster through Richard Adams Locke's Moon Hoax. This article, which was taken seriously for a time, describes a discussion between Sir John Hershell and Brewster [page 167:] about a newly developed telescope: " . . . the conversation became directed to that all-invincible enemy, the paucity of light in powerful magnifiers. After a few moments' silent thought, Sir John diffidently enquired whether it would not be possible to effect a transfusion of artificial light through the focal object of vision! Sir David, somewhat startled at the originality of the idea, paused awhile, and then hesitantly referred to the refrangibility of rays, and the angle of incidence. Sir John, grown more confident adduced the example of the Newtonian Reflector, in which the refrangibility was corrected by the second speculum, and the angle of incidence restored by the third. "And," continued he, "why cannot the illuminated microscope, say the hydro-oxygen, be applied to render distinct and if necessary, even to magnify the focal object?" Sir David sprung from his chair in an ecstasy of conviction, and leaping half-way to the ceiling, exclaimed 'Thou art the man!"' Quoted by Gibson Reaves, "The Great Moon Hoax of 1835," The Griffith Observer, 18(1954), 129; for a complete transcript of the Moon Hoax, see Sky, February, March, April 1937.
9. Goodfellow's confession and the narrator's "solution" leave problems in addition to that of the circumstantial nature of the "evidence." The narrator's suspicions of Goodfellow are supposedly confirmed by the extraordinarily large bullet, having a flaw which matches a mold and a rifle belonging to Mr. Pennifeather. This bullet was found in the chest of Mr. Shuttleworthy's dead horse and allegedly passed completely through the horse only to have been replaced by the culprit. Earlier it caused the magistrate to indict Pennifeather. Later it caused the narrator to convict Mr. Goodfellow without benefit of trial and execute him by shock. Even though the unusually large bullet did fit Mr. Pennifeather s rifle, Mr. Goodfellow's confession mentions shooting the horse with a pistol, a weapon which surely would have been too small for the large bullet. Another problem with Charley's confession is his claim that he dragged the wounded horse to the pond, a doubtful feat for an old man.
10. See M3: 1365, n2; 1366, n8.
[S:0 - PHT, 1990] - Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore - Lectures - Poe and His Times - Poe's Chapters on Natural Magic (Roberta Sharp, 1990)


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Goethe's Faust, Part I is a drama in 4600 lines of (mostly) rhymed verse and one short scene in prose, divided not into the usual five acts but into twenty-five scenes titled according to their setting and three prologues. Its length and scope often tempt readers to call it an epic rather than a drama, especially since Goethe himself never staged the play in the 30 years he directed the Weimar theater and since the text describes the action, as if to compensate for the absence of staging. Nevertheless, Faust's sweep "from Heaven through the earth to Hell" (line 242) remained familiar to late eighteenth-century audiences; court masque, municipally sponsored morality play, Jesuit school drama and opera had dominated …
Brown, Jane K.. "Faust: Der Tragödie erster Teil". The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 17 December 2004
[https://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=5177, accessed 20 October 2018.]

subset: commoncrawl


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There is nothing more simple than a Scotch Egg. Well maybe a hard boiled egg itself. We have discovered that Scotch Eggs go wonderfully with Hot Fruit Salad. The sweetness of the salad needs something to cut that sweetness and the salty savoriness of the Scotch Eggs needs something sweet, preferably gooey. A Brunch Marriage. Over the years we have enjoyed the usual breakfast casseroles but we do come back to the Scotch Egg for its ease and presentation.
Scotch Eggs are usually deep fried but I like to bake them in a very hot oven. These little meal in ones are also great for picnics or the lunch box. There is really no recipe other than putting sausage and an egg together then baking. Simple.
Scotch Eggs
1 1/2 pounds bulk pork sausage- I used Jimmy Dean
6 hard-boiled eggs, peeled and chilled
Divide sausage into 6 portions and flatten between palms. Carefully wrap each egg smoothly and completely with the sausage. Place them on a foil lined, shallow pan. Bake at 450° for 15-17 minutes, or until browned through. Drain on paper towels. Slice each in half and serve on a pretty platter along side Hot Fruit Salad or warmed Chunky Apple Sauce. Makes 12 halves. Serves 6-10.
Note- I always check one for doneness. Mine were slightly pink at 15 minutes but 2 minutes more and they were perfect. All ovens vary, so check to make sure all pink is gone.
Tomorrow in BRK- Brunch Part IV: Yeast Biscuits. They are light and fluffy, easy to freeze, and fuss free. Have as many as you want, when you want.
Related Posts
Brunch Part I: NJ Coffee Cake
Brunch Part II: Hot Fruit Salad
Brunch Part IV: Yeast Biscuits


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It's Thursday!
My absolutely favorite day of the week.
Today I have author,
Amy McGuire
As a mother of a nearly four-year-old drama queen and wife of a busy youth pastor I have learned the art of multi-tasking. I think it started when my little one came into the world. I used to make a sandwich and eat it with one hand while feeding her. Dinners too were one-handed while I carried around a fussy baby. Now that she's older it's teeth brushing while she sits on the potty or feeding her a night time snack while reading a bedtime story.
As a stay-at-home mom I have heard the whole range of comments, from "You're a stay-at-home mom? What do you do all day?" to my personal favourite, "Oh, I wish I could just quit my job and be home with the kids all day." And then there's, "All that free time! No wonder you're a writer!" I've learned to ignore the jibes and chuckle under my breath at the misconceptions and misplaced envy. I think if I didn't, I would cheerfully strangle my 'well-meaning' friends and acquaintances.
When I decided not to go back to work after my maternity leave was up I had no idea that being a full-time mother would be more work than my full-time job. Before I got pregnant I worked as a receptionist for a condo development company for almost four years, 8:30 to 5, Monday to Friday. At the end of each workday I would take the subway home, cook dinner, enjoy a nice evening with my husband and turn in early. Oh, and I got every weekend and holiday off.
They say hindsight is twenty-twenty. Never has that been more true than now when I try to find a few moments in each day to write, edit, market and prepare my books for sale. I didn't start to consider becoming published until my daughter was nearly ten months old. If I had been writing all those years I used to take the subway back and forth to work, forty-five minutes each way, I would probably have a whole stack of books to my name. Maybe I would even have a publishing contract by now. As it is, I have taken it upon myself to publish my own works and while it is rewarding to see my novel out there, at times it would be nice to have the support of a traditional house. At the very least I would be able to charge a little more for my books.
And yet, would I trade this season of my life? Not for a million book sales. I write in my 'free time' between dishes, cooking and raising my daughter who makes every day shine with her bubbly personality and zest for life. I write and edit and market between making beds, folding laundry, cleaning up messes, changing the kitty litter and making sure the cats don't starve. I write between church, family and life obligations. It's certainly harder to be an author now that my life is so much fuller, but it's more rewarding. I'm leaving my daughter a legacy with my books. I'm teaching her that she can follow her dreams, whatever they may be. Life is busy, but I love what I do. I'm so blessed with an understanding husband who sends me away on 'writers retreats' every few months. My family's support has definitely helped keep me sane.
Amy lives in Toronto, Ontario with her husband and their young daughter. As the child of missionary parents she grew up in East Africa and has gained a rich knowledge of the world around her. She has had a passion for English Literature and romance since she was a little girl. She began writing poetry and stories almost as soon as she could pick up a pencil. She writes young adult romance under the pen name, Amy McGuire and Sweet Love is her first published novel, available both on her website and Amazon. Sweet Love is the first in a five book series entitled, The Heart's Five Senses. She wrote books one through three in 2009 while her daughter napped and is currently working on book four.
Amazon: http://amzn.to/Htnaoa
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/authoramymcguire
Twitter: @shesanauthor


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The EQIP On-Farm Energy Initiative enables producers to identify ways to conserve energy on the farm through an Agricultural Energy Management Plan (AgEMP), also known as an on-farm energy audit; and by providing financial and technical assistance to help the producer implement various measures and practices recommended in an on-farm energy audit.
The On-Farm Energy Initiative will provide financial assistance to producers for an on-farm energy audit and for implementation of practices to improve and conserve energy.
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Mon amour your fridge can have everything that fascinates you about Paris on it with these Lovely Streets magnets. Whether you are about to have a croissant or fancy a slice of cheese, when you open the fridge you will feel like you could almost be there.
All the beauty of the French city will be kept nice and fresh on your fridge door so why not combine it with the best photo or postcard you bought there? With that combination going in your kitchen will be a real joy.
We know the magnetic hold Paris has over you because it captivated you with its elegance and open spaces, its glamour and its magnificent views from the tall buildings. So give in to the memory of it with a smile on your face and these five Lovely Streets magnets.
- 4.1 cm diameter for each of the 4 round models.
- 8.7 x 2.6 cm for the city's name.
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Customer Reviews
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Urban scavenger hunts take modern city-dwellers back to their ancient roots, when humans had to spend hours foraging for food armed with only a smartphone. Track down a good time with this Groupon.
Choose from Three Options
- $45 for admission for two to an urban scavenger hunt in San Antonio on October 12 (a $100 value)
- $85 for admission for four to an urban scavenger hunt in San Antonio on October 12 (a $200 value)
- $120 for admission for six to an urban scavenger hunt in San Antonio on October 12 (a $300 value)

During the five-hour scavenger hunt, teams of two race across town to complete 12 puzzles and challenges issued at the starting line. Winners receive prizes and at least 2.5 slow claps. Participants must bring a digital camera, pen or pencil, and $10 each in singles for public transportation. Each team must have at least one adult, and children younger than 12 are not allowed to compete. Competitors should follow CityScape Adventures on Facebook for an extra sprinkling of hints on race day.

The Fine Print
Promotional value expires Oct 12, 2013. Amount paid never expires. Limit 1 per person, may buy 5 additional as a gift. Limit 1 per visit. Online registration required. Must be 12 or older. Must have at least one adult per team. Must sign waiver. Merchant is solely responsible to purchasers for the care and quality of the advertised goods and services.
About CityScape Adventures
Inspired by The Amazing Race, CityScape Adventures—held across the United States—entangle race participants in webs of 12 puzzles and challenges in citywide races to the finish line. Participants compete in teams of two, using their wits, teamwork, and underground network of mutant-turtle spies to complete the tasks given at the start of the race. local city clues in addition to personalized clues about the group or person the event is for. The 12 challenges take the form of puzzles, riddles, and clues that guide treasure hunters to a specific location within the city, where each team must complete a special task using only their cleverness and muscles. Players can also use the Internet, and the winning team is usually the one that best leverages its resources. Click here for a video of past races.


text: Select an international website Zoover.at Zoover.be Zoover.ch Zoover.com Zoover.com.tr Zoover.com.ua Zoover.cz Zoover.de Zoover.dk Zoover.es Zoover.fr Zoover.gr Zoover.hu Zoover.it Zoover.lt Zoover.nl Zoover.no Zoover.pl Zoover.pt Zoover.ro Zoover.ru Zoover.se Home Destinations Accommodations Add review Add review Add photos Add videos Add new accommodation Add attraction Home Add review France Normandy St. Martin-aux-Chartrains Accommodations St. Martin-aux-Chartrains Reviews (0) Photos & videos (0) Accommodations (1) Attractions (18) Weather forecast Map Tips (0) More Question and Answer (0) Beaches (9) There are currently no reviews for St. Martin-aux-Chartrains Weather 10° / 17° 19 Oct 2018 Weather forecast and climate... Unfortunately no photos available Add the first photo - Find Hotel Deals From € 98 Find the best deal Sort by Zoover recommends Rating Reviews Distance from centre 1 Accommodation France, Normandy, St. Martin-aux-Chartrains Location Radius: Select 2 km 10 km 20 km 50 km Country France Region Normandy Destination St. Martin-aux-Chartrains Search within results: 7.3 click Add review Hotel: Les Jardins de Deauville *** St. Martin-aux-Chartrains, 0.7 km from center France Normandy St. Martin-aux-Chartrains Hotels Hotels in Honfleur (Calvados) Hotels in Caen Hotels in Rouen Hotels in Bayeux Hotels in Deauville (Calvados) Hotels in Cabourg (Calvados) Hotels in Dieppe (Seine Maritime) Information about St. Martin-aux-Chartrains Weather St. Martin-aux-Chartrains Map St. Martin-aux-Chartrains Photos St. Martin-aux-Chartrains Videos St. Martin-aux-Chartrains Question and Answer St. Martin-aux-Chartrains Destinations nearby Pont-l'Evêque St. Arnoult Touques Englesqueville en Auge Pierrefit-en-Auge Surville St. Gatien-des-Bois Are you looking for a well-reviewed accommodation for your holiday in St. Martin-aux-Chartrains? Below you can find all accommodations in St. Martin-aux-Chartrains. read more Are you looking for a good reviewed accommodation for your holiday in St. Martin-aux-Chartrains? Below you can find all accommodations in St. Martin-aux-Chartrains. You can find comments regarding 1 Hotel in St. Martin-aux-Chartrains. Please use the filters on the left to find your ideal accommodation. - - Less text


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Marc Anthony and his girlfriend of one year, Chloe Green, have decided to go their separate ways, reports Us Weekly.
"They are taking a break," a source told Us Weekly. "It is because of busy schedules."
But according to Life & Style, the "break" could actually be a permanent split. "They've taken breaks before, but this time it seems they're over for good," a source revealed to Life & Style. "Marc is always on tour and traveling the world."
Life & Style's source continued, "They're both very busy. It just got to be too much. They both agreed it was time to move on."
Anthony and Green made their romance public in February 2013, after the two spent a day with Anthony's twins, Max and Emme, at Disneyland.


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Updated: 12/13/2016 11:57 AM
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Pumpkin Spice Recipes
Just walk through the grocery store, or hit up the coffee shop, and the flavor you'll see all over? Pumpkin spice of course! Chef and cookbook author Robin Asbell shows you how to create the flavor right out of your own kitchen!
Pumpkin Spice Latte
Serves 5
1/2 cup ground coffee
2 cups water
3 cups milk
3/4 cup canned pumpkin
1/2 cup packed brown sugar
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/4 teaspoon ground ginger
1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg
Whipped cream and additional ground nutmeg, optional
Place ground coffee in the filter of a drip coffeemaker. Add water; brew according to manufacturer's instructions.
Meanwhile, in a large saucepan, combine the milk, pumpkin, brown sugar and spices. Cook and stir over medium heat until steaming. Divide coffee among five mugs and pour in pumpkin mixture.
Garnish with whipped cream and additional nutmeg if desired.
Pumpkin Spice Scones with Cranberries
Makes 8
1/2 cup unsalted butter, cold
1 cup whole wheat pastry flour
1 cup unbleached flour
1 tablespoon baking powder
1/4 teaspoon baking soda
1 teaspoon cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon ground ginger
1/4 teaspoon allspice
1/4 teaspoon nutmeg
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/4 cup maple syrup
1 cup pumpkin puree
1/4 cup buttermilk
1/2 cup dried cranberries
1 Tablespoon melted butter
1/2 cup powdered sugar
2 tablespoons maple syrup
1 pinch salt
Preheat the oven to 400 F. Line a baking sheet with parchment or lightly oil it. In a large bowl, combine the flour, pastry flour, baking powder, spices and salt. Use a grater to shred the butter into the flour, tossing to coat the shreds with flour. In a medium bowl, whisk the maple syrup, pumpkin, and buttermilk. Stir into the dry mixture just until mixed, then stir in cranberries. Spread a little flour on the counter, then scrape the dough out onto the flour. Form into a round, then flatten to about an inch thick. Using a bench knife or a long knife, divide the round into 8 wedges. Transfer to the baking sheet, leaving a couple of inches between the scones.
Bake for about 18-20 minutes, until the scones are golden around the edges and firm to the touch. Cool on racks before mixing up glaze ingredients. Dip each scone in glaze and allowing to dry completely before storing in a tightly covered container or bag. Keep in the refrigerator.
Pumpkin Spice Buckeyes
Makes about 35
1 cup smooth peanut butter
1/2 cup pumpkin puree
4 cups powdered sugar
1 cup powdered milk or protein powder of choice
1/4 teaspoon salt
1 tablespoon cinnamon, divided
1/2 teaspoon ground nutmeg, divided
1/2 teaspoon clove, divided
8 ounces semisweet chocolate, melted
3 tablespoons Turbinado sugar
In a large bowl, mash the peanut butter and pumpkin until smooth. Dump in the powdered sugar and powdered milk or protein powder.
In a small bowl, combine the spices and stir, and put half in the bowl with the peanut butter mixture. Stir the powdered sugar, milk and spices on top of the peanut butter until well-combined, then stir into the peanut butter underneath.
Use a 1 tablespoon-sized scoop to make balls of the mixture, dropping them on a parchment-lined sheet pan, then chill. Roll between your palms to make smooth. Freeze.
Combine the remaining spice mixture with the Turbinado sugar in a cup. Mix. Melt the chocolate, and stab each frozen ball with a toothpick, then dip, and dip one side in the spice mixture, and replace on the parchment or another cool surface, like a marble board. Repeat until all the buckeyes are dipped. Keep refrigerated until serving time.
Pumpkin Spice and Ricotta Bowl with Walnuts
Reprinted with Permission from Great Bowls of Food Grain Bowls, Broth Bowls and More (Countryman Press)
1 cup short grain brown rice or red rice, cooked
1 15 oz ricotta cheese, part skim milk, divided
1/2 cup pumpkin puree
2 tablespoons maple syrup
1 teaspoon cinnamon
1 teaspoon pumpkin pie spice
1/2 teaspoon vanilla
1 pinch salt
1/2 cup dried cranberries, chopped
1/2 cup walnut, chopped
cinnamon sugar
Cook the rice, or warm up cooked rice from the refrigerator. In a food processor, puree 1 cup of the ricotta, then add the pumpkin, maple syrup, cinnamon, pie spice, vanilla and salt and process.
Stir the pumpkin mixture into the warm brown rice.
Serve 1 cup of pumpkin brown rice in each bowl, topped with cranberries, walnuts, and a scoop of about 3 tablespoons of ricotta. Sprinkle with cinnamon sugar, if desired.


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Shops Art and Craft
Jessica Muir Gallery
Hall Street, Long Melford, Suffolk, CO10 9JR.
Tel: 01787 310400
The Jessica Muir Gallery is a contemporary gallery & shop, with a friendly atmosphere, run by resident artists Jessica Brown & Jean Muir.
It showcases an eclectic mix of work from new designers & established artists working in the UK.
The gallery specialises in jewellery, glass, ceramics, textiles, painting & original prints.
Newly opened upstairs gallery space, displaying a selection of larger, framed original prints, from some of the gallery's favourite printmakers.
Monday - 10.30 - 4.00
Tuesday - 10.30 - 4.00
Wednesday - CLOSED
Thursday - 10.30 - 4.00
Friday - 10.30 - 4.00
Saturday - 10.30 - 5.00
Sunday - CLOSED
Opening times may vary throughout year.
More Information:
Inside the Gallery Local Artists
Lime Tree Gallery
Lime Tree House, Hall Street, Long Melford, Suffolk, CO10 9JF.
Tel: Tel: 01787 319046
Since opening in 2006, Lime Tree Gallery has built up a fine reputation in East Anglia and nationally. A second gallery opened in Bristol in 2009. Specialising in contemporary fine art and glass, regular exhibitions are held throughout the year, and many major art fairs are attended. Although representing artists from across the UK and Scandinavia, the owners have a particular love of contemporary Scottish artists. Ranging from traditional to modern, figurative to abstract, the gallery supports real painting.
Open from 10 am to 5pm Tuesday to Saturday
More Information:
About Us News and Exhibitions
The Woolpatch
Aerial House, Hall Street, Long Melford, Suffolk, .
Tel: 01787 313452
Welcome to the Woolpatch
I'm Stuart, owner of The Woolpatch, a shop that sells yarn, farbic and haberdashery items.
I was a teacher and subject leader at a secondary school in Suffolk for 16 years and decided that was enough and wanted a career change. I've always loved retail and wanted to have my own shop for some time. Well...now I have one. A wonderful little yarn and fabric shop in the same county that I taught in - Suffolk.
I taught in the creative arts so have always had a creative passion for drawing, making and creating and am incredibly excited to be able to continue to be creative in this new career where I'll be pretty much learning all the skills right from the start especially with regard to the business side of things!
The shop is situated in the middle of Long Melford, an historic wool town in Suffolk. We're little, but hopefully in the coming years will grow and grow.
We do classes and workshops during the day . Examples are; general knit and knatter classes where you turn up and chat, knit and get spoiled by me with tea and coffee, skills workshops learning how to crochet for example and craft workshops where we just make wonderful things! All classes are run by fabulous local experts or by myself (not so expert but still fabulous!!). The wonderful thing about my position is I'm a learner in so many of these skills so you will never have to feel intimidated or uncomfortable as I'll be learning with you. However if you want to learn to Crochet then I can teach you that! But currently, many of the 'Woolpatchers' are developing my knitting skills as they are limited to just basic knit and pearl stitches. So I can do a mean Moss Stitch hahaha.
The website is very new - so PLEASE bear with me as I update it with information. There is only me doing the shop and the website - so if you need more information on anything as the website looks a bit wrong - then ring or email. I'll be making many mistakes I'm sure - which is great as that's what learning is all about and I'm not at all worried about that.
What I am not worried about however, is meeting you all - learning together and maximising our well being by being CREATIVE. So, follow me and the shops progress over the coming years. Come along and support me and everyone in the shop, or just by buying online rather than going to the big Internet Sites. Let's keep pushing this wonderful wave of popularity that Crafting is going through and enjoy the coming years of being creative together.
I'm very much looking forward to the next 16 years of my new career
Oh and Baabara, our shop sheep. the logo I designed for the shop. You'll see her everywhere.
General Information
Terms and Conditions
Site Map
Social Media
Douglas Payne Creative Studio and Gallery
Hall Street, Long Melford, Suffolk, .
Fanny Anne's Tea Room and Pottery painting
Hall Street, Long Melford, Suffolk, .
Imagine Gallery
Hall Street, Long Melford, Suffolk, .
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Make-up Multipurpose Bag Case
Cheeky and compact. Just what every lady's vanity needs. A portable bag that can be used to put in make ups, gadgets, garment or other tinee stuff you'd like to be with during your travel, short trips, emergency ladies' pack or just to keep stuff. It comes in with multiple pocket compartments that allows you to put small things like earbuds, earrings, memory cards to avoid loses. You may also use this as a handbag, comes with cute prints and pastel colors. You may also choose darker colored pouches for easy cleaning.
Hurry and get that clutter organized with this durable compact organizer!
Item Type: Cosmetic Cases
Pattern Type: Solid
Style: Fashion
Main Material: Nylon
Item Length: 21
Item Weight: 0.15 kg
Closure Type: Zipper
Item Width: 16 cm
Material Composition: polyester
Item Height: 8 cm
Shape: Trunk
Model Number: women bags Cosmetic Cases toiletry Storage
Product Name: women bags Cosmetic Cases toiletry Storage
size: 21cm*16cm*8cm
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In this new three-part series, leading theoretical physicist and futurist Dr Michio Kaku explores the cutting edge science of today, tomorrow, and beyond. He argues that humankind is at a turning point in history. In this century, we are going to make the historic transition from the 'Age of Discovery' to the 'Age of Mastery', a period in which we will move from being passive observers of nature to its active choreographers. This will give us not only unparalleled possibilities but also great responsibilities
Add this show to your queue to receive more information about
Visions of the Future and we will let you know when it becomes available.


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Product Code: CBBL001
Banding on cushions is very much one of my signature styles. The richness of the velvet used to create this cushion contrasts wonderfully with the linen band wrapped around it which provides the perfect counterpart and companion, in both tone and texture.
Aldwych Velvet Cushion
Washing Instructions:
Dry clean only
100% Cotton cushion, Fill 100% European feather pad
Height 30cm x Width 48cm
Bright or dark colours may transfer onto light coloured surfaces if rubbing occurs in use.
Orders received with payment confirmed by 2.30pm are processed for despatch that day.
Standard Delivery: Monday to Friday via Parcelforce within 3 working days at £5.95.
Next Day Delivery: Monday to Friday (next working day) via Parcelforce at £9.95. Orders received after 2.30pm on a Friday will not be processed until the following Monday.
Saturday Delivery: Saturday delivery via Parcel Force at £9.95 if ordered before 2.30pm on Friday.
International Delivery: For delivery to a non UK mainland destination the cost is calculated based upon the delivery destination and weight of the consignment; and this is shown at the checkout stage.
Furniture Delivery: Currently within the UK only. After your order is placed, one of our Customer Care team will be in touch to arrange delivery for a convenient date.
Please note: Due to shipping regulations we cannot deliver diffusers or room sprays overseas. We apologise for any inconvenience this may cause
Exchanges and Returns
If the goods received are not as expected or not suitable you may return them subject to our Returns Policy.
If you have any further questions please contact Customer Care at email@example.com or call 0203 701 9333
Please review our Terms and Conditions for further information
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25/07/2014 Professional & Short Term Course
Cloud Computing with Amazon Web Service: Hands-On
Duration: 45 hours
This course is appropriate for both fresh graduates, and experienced software professionals under following categories:
• System administrators
• Systems engineers
• Anyone involved in QA or QC activities
You Will Learn How To
·Understand basics of Cloud computing
·Develop robust, flexible and cost-effective cloud solutions with Amazon Web Services
·Implement highly durable and reliable storage systems using Amazon S3, RDS and SimpleDB
·Customize Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) images to meet your business needs
·Deploy and host web apps using AWS Elastic Beanstalk and Amazon CloudFormation
·Leverage the Amazon Virtual Private Cloud to provision secure, isolated resources
Hands-On Exercises
· Installing command-line tools and administering AWS
·EC2 provisioning with command-line tools and console
·Creating EBS volumes and attaching to running instances
·Implementing robust S3 storage solutions
·Deploying a web application on Elastic Beanstalk
Why Sancentre?
---> Very in depth course material with real time solutions.
---> Highly qualified Trainer's
---> Trained more than 500 students so far on various courses.
---> Customized Curriculum
Training Highlights:
* In depth course coverage with hundreds of real time solutions on each and every topic.
* 100% practical sessions.
* Normal track, Weekend, Fast track and super fast track batches are available
* Participants get Real time issues & PPTs on each and every topic.
* Certification oriented training's.
* Mock interviews with explanation.
If you know virtualization & Cloud Computing today, you will sure get multiple job offers from the market, more when it is recession time as everyone is trying to cut the cost.
Contact us for any queries related to training:
SanCentre IT Solutions Pvt.Ltd.
#8, Byrasandra Main road, Jayanagar 1st Block East,
Opp to Kittura Rani Chennamma Stadium, Bangalore-560011.
9611836161, 9141336161, 080-32566663
AllTechZ Solutions Pvt Ltd (ATS) is the No.1 Leading Cloud Computing Training Institute in Chennai. AllTechZ providing the best Cloud computing traini...
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Best JAVA J2EE Training Institutes in Bangalore, JAVA J2EE Training Centers, JAVA J2EE Course Training classes in Bangalore, JAVA J2EE Real-time Proje...


text: Hey guys, im running a blog on wordpress since yesterday. Its about reviews of anti spyware software with clickbank-links. I think, the Blog looks good and its ready to be distributed. Whats the best way to spread my links around the world, i dont have money to invest ATM im running google analytics on this blog Thanx for help


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|"Wang Xu (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Updated: (HADOOP-7038) saveVersion script includes an additional \r while running whoami under windows
|Tue, 16 Nov 2010 22:47:16 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HADOOP-7038?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ] Wang Xu updated HADOOP-7038: ---------------------------- Attachment: HADOOP-7038.diff add an tr to eliminate the additional '\r' of whoami of windows > saveVersion script includes an additional \r while running whoami under windows > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Key: HADOOP-7038 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HADOOP-7038 > Project: Hadoop Common > Issue Type: Bug > Components: build > Environment: Windows 7 / Eclipse > Reporter: Wang Xu > Assignee: Wang Xu > Priority: Minor > Attachments: HADOOP-7038.diff > > > I built common under windows occasionally, and found it failed because the 'user' in build/src/o/a/h/package-info.java is "myhostmyname^M". > It seems because the whoami of windows give a string with '\n\r' rather than '\n' only. thus I add an additional tr for it to eliminate the problem. > Since only windows would generate '\n\r' output, I think it won't harm to any other platform. -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - You can reply to this email to add a comment to the issue online.
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text: I have been facing this problem for past 2 years and it was initiated due to some personal issues which totally shattered my confidence and I could'nt even show my face to my neighbors(No i didn't murder anyone, but something bad happened) After that I used to stay at home for long and then I stopped talking to outsiders. Now after 2 years this problem has increased. This is what i face daily 1) I feel very conscious on what people will think when I walk this way. 2) what will my parent's think if I talk on the phone this way. 3) Am I walking right or Am I acting stupid? 4) I can't speak to any relatives. Not sure whether its shyness because I can do it infront of one person or the one whom i know..like my close friends I really dont know why this is happening to me...I had some past failures too as I mentioned in past of my thread(You can check my thread that I created) should I consult the doctor? My parent's don't seem to understand my problem or maybe my problem is too common that they feel its quite normal. But its kinda killing me from inside as I am VERY VERY self conscious of everything i do. Sometimes even infront of my parents... How can I become better? I know this isnt any psychology forum but I think I can get some help from my peers as I am also an imer and I feel comfortable while working unlike when I visit outside


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Sunday, 16 January 2011
Tinie Tempah: Disc-Overy Review
Going by a stage name that is to correct English what Top Gun was to the masculinity of young Navy aviators, Tinie Tempah is the latest in a succession of rappers that follow what I call the 'chatshow host' rule of album producing. That is, in order to disguise the fact you are just another generic artist entering a music scene that is already more overcrowded than Dharavi, you have already 'established' artists on guest vocals for the majority of the album's tracks. Sounds lazy? Well this is the modern music industry after all – essentially an acceptable form of the eugenics movement, in actual quality of the music not mattering as long as the singers sound and look perfect. Regardless, the industry being as shallow as the average guido isn't Tinie Tempah's fault so I can't begrudge him that. So I shall judge him on the quality of his music by reviewing the singles from his debut album Disc-Overy, and despite having only being released about three months prior to time of writing there has been a twenty-three date tour announced and already four singles are available (with a fifth on the way). Christ, Tinie Tempah has already produced more singles than Gene Roddenberry.
As the starving Olympic diver might have said upon seeing a jelly-filled swimming pool; "let's just dive right in".
Pass Out – A creatively titled track that is, in the words of Tinie himself, about "getting so out of it that you pass out". And who ever said rap was unoriginal? Now whilst not wishing to cast aspersions on the good man, I don't think he actually has any idea what his own songs are about. For example only the chorus (listed below) actually fits within the context he mentions (also as a just for fun fact; the second verse of the chorus is sung by Labrinth. Who apparently is a misspelling of an elaborate structure designed and built by the legendary artificer Daedalus. The first of his many many guests):
Yeah (yeah) we bring the stars out,
We bring the women and the cars and the cards out,
Lets have a toast a celebration get a glass out,
And we can do this until we pass out.
(so) Let it rain,
Let it pour away,
We wont come down,
Until we hit the ground and pass out!
Let's just pause at this juncture, look at the first two lines of the first verse – notice how he mentions we bring the women and the cars and the cards out? In the world of Tinie Tempah women are in the same party aid category as cars and cards, and puts it across so bluntly that you would think we live in some kind of Mad Max style society where women are little more than commodities for social occasions.
The rest of the verses are just about how he lives a lavish lifestyle. Examples;
I live a very very very wild lifestyle.
I got so many clothes I keeps em in ma aunts house.
20 light bulbs around my table and my dresser
ClC Kompressor, just in case that dont impress her.
Quite why he thinks the fact that he has more clothes than fashion week and keeps them at his aunt's house is something to gloat about especially when it means he has to go to her house every time he wants to change shirt, is beyond me. He should have said he has so many flowers he keeps them at Chelsea Flower show as it has just as much effect. He claims that his possessions are so great he can impress a metaphorical woman with them, and whilst that may be true in the age of the shallow do you really need to be so materialist Mr. Tempah? Couldn't you have just said that you have a nice personality and good nature? Also is the product placement actually vital? He was probably hoping if he mentions a BMW CLC Kompressor as a lyric then he would be sent one as a sign of good faith, but that doesn't work – hence why I don't mention the Porsche 911 every single paragraph (Though if you guys at Porsche deem it necessary to gift me then e-mail me for my address).
He also apparently likes a good pop culture reference as well, though he fails to grasp exactly how they work; not realizing one cannot simply mention a character or celebrity out of context, it has to fit within the intention. Yet several times throughout the song he includes the names of pop culture icons in scenarios that make less sense than a drunken Scotsman;
Say hello to dexter, say hello to uncle fester
Got them gazing at my necklace and my crazy sun protectors.
Im pissed I never got to fly on a concord,
I bin Southampton but ive never bin to Scunthorpe,
Im fucking crazy with the kicks, call me Jean Claude.
I live a very very very wild lifestyle,
Heidi and Audrina eat your heart out.
Of those above examples only The Hills reference makes even the slightest sense, as at passing it sounds as though it could work but put enough thought power into processing it and it is as flimsy as an anorexic Paper Mario. This song would make more sense if it was about a lonely man downing several six-packs of Carlsberg in front of the television and in his inebriated and delusional state confuses the images he sees on said television screen with his own life, leading him to believe he lives this decadent life of a party animal alongside all the mentioned icons.
In terms of music quality it is incredibly boring, mostly due to the fact that Shortie Tempah is the Ernest Hemingway of the rap world. And when I say it is boring I of course refer to the grandfather recounting stories of his youth at a family gathering post-Christmas lunch variety of boring. This is truly emphasized in the music video which simply features the two artists against a black back drop with simple visual effects flashing on it. Tinie then simply speaks the lyrics slightly faster than usual talking rate whilst a generic four-on-the-floor dubstep tune that would make even the soundtrack to the videogame 1942 sound as technical as a Steve Vai solo, plays in the background. This is not just a problem relating solely to this song; it is Smaul Tempah's actual style which is copy and pasted onto all of his songs. A metaphor to help you visual this would be to be picture Tinie with his own cooking show and telling the viewer a recipe as music plays in the foreground to create ambience, only the recipe is how to be a pretentious douche.
Frisky- While 'Pass Out' showed us how Tinie Tempah likes to party (with product placement and cultural references) his second single Frisky gives an insight to what type of women he enjoys and how he goes about getting them. Again this is his official meaning behind the song but again I can provide evidence proving it has an alternative and sinister meaning. The song opens with the following intro/chorus;
I just can't stop the feeling, don't seem to go away.
So if I hurt your feelings, don't blame it all on me.
I just can't stop the feeling (nothing else to say),
And now they have to stay.
So if I hurt your feelings (don't take it the wrong way),
It's just because I'm..
Oh la la la la, la la la la la
Oh la la la la, la la la frisky
Oh la la la la, la la la la la
Oh la la la la, la la la frisky
Clearly Tinie Tempah is a man who is literally controlled by his genitalia, a throwback to that laughably unscientific stereotype that all men have actual brains in their Private Johnson. It is through TT that the adage transcends into truth, and one must stop and ask how does this man survive his daily routine if his trouser Leptotyphlops carlae is responsible for all of the thoughts he processes? The only conceivable way that he hasn't yet been hospitalized for being embroiled in sweaty coitus with a garbage disposal is if his penis were the Ray Mears of penes. But seriously, the entire human race is preprogrammed to want to reproduce yet he acts of though he was built in a Japanese Artificial Intelligence manufacturing company owned by Playboy by being in a constant state of frisson. This of course lends credence to my theory that the song is about a Patrick Bateman style serial killer controlled by his insatiable urges forcing him to stalk the night looking for women to strike down with his blade. Several lines clearly display this;
I think I found a winner, with no ring around her finger.
I wanna pick her up, and put her down.
She gon be waking up my neighbors if I bring her round.
Girl you better keep your distance I just wanna have eh eh
I'm on a mission I don't even wanna kiss her
Honey I won't even miss ya when I'm done with ya eh eh
I would put her in positions like the mission from my staircase to
My kitchen leave her twitchin, twitchin, twitchin, twitchin....
Yeah, I'm suspicious, she looks delicious.
Study those above passages intently, and tell me if you were a five point FBI profiler would you include all of the above on a list of signs to watch out for in a potential mass murderer. From the first line which implies that he chooses unmarried victims as they as less likely to be missed to the last which sounds like the sort of thing Hannibal Lector would inscribe on a Valentine's card, all of these chosen lyrics give the song a disturbing edge – even more so than the fact that Tinie Tempah wrote those to have sexual connotations and thought it didn't sound about as disgustingly sleazy as every word that exits the typical night club owner's vocal tract.
Because after all that is what this song is - an encyclopedia for the perverted. Tinee Tempah wants all the girls to know that when he is around they shall become apetalous. The truly sad thing is that having this sort of mindset is likely to gain you your own claque. Anyone who firmly believes that "If I told her I'm a boxer, would she let me down her knickers…" is an appropriate sentiment towards dating has evidently quantum leaped into Peter Stringfellow.
Written in the Stars/ Invincible – The third and arguably best single from his debut album is Written in the Stars, if only because it is the only one that can't be recreated by rewriting the Karma Sutra on an Anheuser–Busch InBev company report. It chronicles Stumpy Tempah's pre-frame life and unsurprisingly is highly vainglorious. It is essentially an exercise in self-indulgence comparable to releasing a new autobiography every time you change your partner – yes your ears are burning Katie Price. The lyrics concern the impecuniosity of his early life, how he was dragooned by local bullies and how he yearned for success – writing lyrics in his battered book. I hate to break it to Lilliputian Tempah but there is innately nothing special about his plight that makes his success more deserving – he comes across as possessing an attitude that because he was once Tiny Tim that he deserves to live a life that will inevitably end with him faced down dead in a crack cocaine filled swimming pool. However he fails to note that millions of people live their lives on the breadline, the same people who want an escape before they have a stress induced stroke transforming them into the Frank Nelson type character from the Simpsons. In fact you could say that I am the white middle class version of Pygmy Tempah writing this very blog in order to escape the harsh reality of the fact once Ireland's economy completely collapses it will likely create a chain of events that will culminate with me dying on a beach á la The Road long after society falls.
The song opens as per usual for a Diminutive Tempah song- with his guest belting out the chorus line with so much passion you would be forgiven for thinking the song is a musical about Fred West and the vocalist is playing a victim pleading for his life. The guest vocalist this time around is Eric Turner, a man you won't have heard of from a band you won't have heard of, who looks like a more downtrodden Eric Cantona. Eric opens the song with the intro and chorus before we return to the formula, i.e. an uninspired and repetitive beat playing in the background while Tinie does his thing as hip hop's William Shatner. Typically of his writing style there are many lines that don't make sense at all, as though he had the line penned for awhile and thought he might as well force it in randomly like trying to fit two wrong pieces of a jigsaw together and producing a result that is seriously incorrect.
Man I'm like a young gun fully black Barrack
I cried tear drops over the massive attack
I only make hits like I work with a racket and bat
Look at my jacket and hat
So damn berserk
So down to earth
I'm bringing gravity back
"I only make hits like I work with a racket and bat" is a cringe worthy pun that would even a Christmas cracker roll its metaphorical eyes. The entirety of the second set is clearly just phoning it in. "Look at my Jacket and hat" does not work in or out of context; he is not wearing a hat in the video so all I can conclude is that he realizes how boring he actually is and therefore decides to stimulate brain activity in his listeners to stop them becoming officially comatose. "I'm bringing gravity back" cue a discriminatory joke about how rappers will steal anything but Tinie Tempah isn't a very good rapper so he has to return what he stole to disburden his conscience.
Even when Tinie isn't trying to be a Family Guy joke writer and focuses on the emotional core of the song, i.e. how squalor his life was, it still doesn't have the impact it was probably meant to – since it reads as though written using Baby's First Slum Dog Millionaire Writing Kit.
Look Im just a writer from the ghetto like Malory blackman
But have you ever been so hungry that it keeps you awake
Trying to turn a tenner to a hundred grand
He overplays the poor hand fate dealt him- yes poverty is still an issue in Britain but due to our wonderful Marxist welfare system at least half the population can afford to feed themselves and buy iPhones whilst the working saps can barely afford rent; in fact so twisted is British society that the song would have been more harrowing if it followed the perspective of a nine to five retail worker. It amounts to nothing more than a man trying to appear deserving of his fame so that he has a legitimate reason for abusing those that don't enjoy his music or haters as he would call it. Yet if he were so thankful of escaping this destitute fate then why is he filling his aunt's house with clothes instead of food, money and salvation from the hell he crawled from? If what he claims is true then essentially he appreciates his break about as much as Broadway's thespians would appreciate a mentally handicapped man who could only utter the word "Macbeth" repeatedly.
Proving Tinie isn't averse to beating a dead horse until the corpse resembles a character from The Hills Have Eyes; his album Disc-Overy released its forth single Invincible which once again chronicles his humble origins, except for this time he claims it was the power of love that helped him to succeed – and amazing this is the hallmark brand of love and not the Tinie Tempah kind which he displayed in his song Frisky. Basically it is a ballad featuring Kelly Rowland and sounds like every single RnB ballad in the third millennium, i.e. shrill female vocals, brass horns and pianos. The lyrics are packed with schmaltz and sentiment, the type you wouldn't expect from Tinie Tempah, the type that leads you to suspect he has been replaced by romantic body snatchers:
"As bad as the odds were looking, Push yeah we kept on pushing,
And every time I nearly hit the ground, you were my cushion,
There's evidence that proves, That you were heaven sent
'Cos when I needed resucin', You were there at my defence"
The video features Tinie walking down the street with scenes from his life projected onto the sides of buildings forcing us to put up with more of his immoderate indulgence of his personal desires. In hindsight he should have simply decided to release an audio biography instead of an album.
All in all, Disc-Overy is not a good album. The songs are uninspired and clichéd, the music repetitive and boring, and it relies too heavily on guest vocalists. No doubt it sold enough copies for him to create a second album and bore us to death with yet more songs from his 'humble origins'. I've only reviewed the singles of the album but in my defense they make up a large percentage of the track listing and demonstrate the album's range or lack thereof as heard one song and you've pretty much heard them all. To put it in one of my pithy metaphors, Disc-Overy is a Sisyphean punishment like being the cleaner in a hotel which specializes in Sialorrhea sufferers
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