text:
FAQs about STCA Membership Application Process
Q1: What exactly is involved in the membership process?
Answer: The membership process can take up to 6 months to be complete.
1. The applicant must fill out the application, sign the code of ethics and send the application fee to the membership chair. The applicant must have 2 STCA members fill out the sponsorship form and send it to the membership chair.
2. All completed applications are published in the Bagpiper prior to being voted upon. The Bagpiper is quarterly with deadlines to the editor of 1/15, 4/15, 7/15 and 10/15.
3. Once the Bagpiper is in circulation (approximately 6 to 8 weeks after the deadline), the membership is given 8 weeks to provide information to the board regarding any applicant.
4. When the membership response period is over, the board votes on membership.
5. After the vote, the applicant will receive a letter from the corresponding secretary regarding membership.
Q2: Do I really need two STCA members to sponsor my application?
Answer: Yes. The STCA board can not personally know every applicant and the board relies on current STCA members to sponsor candidates worthy of membership.
Q3: What can I do if I do not know two STCA members to sponsor me?
Answer: There are many things that you can do to meet STCA members or be a part of a dog community if there are not STCA members close to you.
1. Attend functions sponsored by a regional STCA club. Contact information for regional clubs is on the STCA website. Becoming a member of a regional club will put you in the company of other Scotty owners and STCA members.
2. Attend functions sponsored by the STCA. The STCA sponsors two national shows a year with conformation, companion and performance events. You do not need to be a member to attend these functions.
3. Subscribe to the STCA quarterly publication "The Bagpiper". You do not need to be a member to subscribe to this magazine. It is a very good way to keep in touch with the Scotty world while you are waiting to become acquainted with STCA members. Subscription information is available on the STCA website.
4. Become a member of a local "all breed" dog club. This will put you in the company of other dog owners and allow you many opportunities to work with dog functions in your community such as club meetings, educational events, training classes and rescue work. You can find information on your local dog clubs by visiting the AKC website.
Q #4 When do I become eligible to receive a Bagpiper?
Answer: Your Bagpiper subscription comes with membership. You will receive the Bagpiper that is published after your acceptance to membership. If you are a subscriber to the Bagpiper prior to membership, the Bagpiper can be purchased by individual copies. Talk with the Bagpiper circulation manager about when to stop your subscription and purchase individual copies so that you do not get duplicate magazines. Contact information for the circulation manager can be found in the front of the Bagpiper or on the STCA website.
Q#5: What happens to my application if a sponsor should withdraw their sponsorship?
Answer: If a sponsor withdraws sponsorship, the applicant must obtain another sponsor in order to continue with the membership process. If the sponsor withdraws prior to the publication deadline (1/15, 4/15, 7/15 and 10/15), the applicant can still be published providing the new sponsor forms are to the membership chair prior to the deadline. If a sponsor withdraws after the deadline or when the Bagpiper is in circulation, then the application process stops. The applicant must obtain a second sponsor, be republished in the Bagpiper with the new sponsor, and the application process continues from that second publishing of applicant names.
Q# 6. What happens if my application receives negative input from the membership during the 8 week membership response time prior to the membership vote?
Answer: When an applicant has received negative feedback from an STCA member, the application is held for discussion and voting until the STCA board meets in person. All negative feedback must be in writing. The membership chair will inform the applicant of the nature of the complaint against their application and who is opposing their application. The applicant is allowed to respond to the complaint in writing to the STCA board. The applicant is allowed to have his/her sponsors and other STCA members write letters of support for the application to the board. Only written information will be considered. All letters of support, opposition and the applicant's application are read at the meeting. The board may choose to vote on membership after the review of the materials, or request further information and hold the vote until the next meeting. If an applicant is denied membership, the applicant must wait for one year to reapply. If an applicant is denied membership, the application fees are refunded.
Q# 7. I let my membership lapse! What do I do?
Answer: If your membership lapsed during the current dues cycle (Dues are due in December for the following year through Jan 31), you can do a reapplication process. This requires a reapplication form, code of ethics, 2 sponsor letters and only the dues for the current year. There is no application fee. There is no publishing time prior to the membership vote. Your completed reapplication is voted upon when the board votes on new member applicants. This must be completed before you miss a second dues cycle. If your membership has lapsed by more than one dues cycle, you need to start the membership process as a new member. All instructions are in the membership section on the STCA website.
FAQs from Members
Q# 1: Is there a limit to how many applicants I can sponsor in a year?
Answer: No limit.
Q # 2: My spouse / significant other / adult child in my home wants to join. What does it take to have a "family" membership?
Answer: Two adults living in the same home can be a "family" membership. However, if one adult is not a member, that adult cannot just be added onto the family membership at dues renewal. The second adult must apply for membership as a single member. Once accepted to membership, the membership can be converted to a "family" membership at the next dues cycle.
Q #3: How do I withdraw sponsorship of an applicant?
Answer: All communication regarding applicants must be in writing. If a situation has occurred and you no longer wish to sponsor an applicant, the membership chair must receive a letter from you anytime from the start of the application process to before the 8 week response time for members comes to an end. The board vote on membership is approximately 8 weeks after the Bagpiper is in general circulation. The applicant can only proceed with the application process if they obtain a second sponsor.
Q #4: How do I provide feedback on a membership applicant to the board?
Answer: All feedback to the board must be in writing. Negative feedback must show a violation of the code of ethics, denial of membership in an all breed club or regional club, or that the applicant is not in good standing with the AKC. Only those facts that can be substantiated will be considered. Feedback must be provided to the membership chair after the Bagpiper is in circulation and prior to the vote on membership. STCA members are allowed 8 weeks after the receipt of the Bagpiper to provide feedback on any published applicant. The applicant will be informed of the nature of any negative feedback and who provided that feedback. This will allow the applicant to provide a written response to the board if they desire. If an applicant has received negative feedback, the application will be held for review and voting at a board meeting.
Copyright 2018 Scottish Terrier Club of America. Information and images may not be reproduced or used without prior authorization from the STCA.


text:
YP10 tamper evident seals from Tamper Evident are manufactured from ABS food grade material, and are particularly well suited for applications that cannot use traditional lead seals.
Effective closure of these plastic seals can be achieved with Tamper Evident's YPL9062F10 sealing tool fitted with flat dies.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Fremont selects new police chiefBy JASON SCHREIBER
Union Leader Correspondent
July 18. 2013 8:51PM
FREMONT — Selectmen have named a longtime member of the Derry Police Department as the town's new police chief.
Derry Lt. Jon Twiss will replace the town's former chief, Neal Janvrin, who was fired from the part-time position last August.
Selectman Greta St. Germain, board chairman, said the board voted Monday to appoint Twiss after he was recommended by an independent police chief search committee.
The committee also recommended acting Fremont Police Chief Denny Wood, a Fremont resident and sergeant with the Brentwood Police Department who planned to keep his full-time job in Brentwood and also serve as Fremont chief if appointed.
"We felt that we made the best decision on what we advertised for and who could give us 100 percent of his time," St. Germain said.
The appointment comes about a month after selectmen agreed to settle a wrongful termination suit brought by Janvrin after his firing.
Selectmen claimed Janvrin was physically unstable in the field and had a "confrontational" attitude toward other officers, among other things.
They also claimed that Janvrin failed to observe established procedures and protocols and that his judgments and decision making were inconsistent.
Janvrin adamantly denied the accusations and maintained that the firing was "discriminatory."
Wood, who was the search committee's No. 1 pick for Janvrin's replacement followed by Twiss, expressed disappointment in the board's 2-1 decision but vowed to help the new chief in any way he can.
"I was notified that I was not selected to be the chief of police for the town of Fremont because there were concerns over the amount of hours I would work. Although I strongly disagree with that decision, I will continue to do the job that's required of me until the new chief of police is settled in and I'll assist him in every way until he gets comfortable and is all set to continue with the job on his own," Wood said Thursday.
St. Germain admitted she had concerns about Wood being able to handle working 32 hours a week as police chief in Fremont and 40 hours in Brentwood.
St. Germain and Selectman Leon Holmes Sr. voted in favor of hiring Twiss while Selectman Brett Hunter voted in opposition.
Wood has been working 24 hours a week after selectmen appointed him acting chief and said there have been no problems with the time commitment.
St. Germain praised Wood for his work at the police department since taking over as interim chief.
"Denny has served us well and he's gone above and beyond for us and he has certainly helped us out in a time of need," St. Germain said.
Wood said he was asked to step in at a "fairly tumultuous time and there was a lot of stress and a lot of shadow cast on the board of selectmen for their decision to terminate Neal Janvrin."
"As I leave department morale is up and we've gone full speed ahead with this agency as if nothing had happened," he said.
Selectmen have not agreed on a salary for Twiss yet but were expected to discuss pay at Thursday night's board meeting.
While he is still a full-time Derry police lieutenant, St. Germain said Twiss would leave his position in Derry to focus solely on the Fremont chief's job.
"I think he's going to bring a lot of expertise to the town," she said.
Twiss, who is expected to take over the department next month, could not be reached for comment.


text:
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Spears Gallery
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Working with primarily functional forms in various stoneware and porcelain clay bodies, Larry brings a rich color palette to his wares with a wide variety of glazes and glazing techniques....
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Ron and Penny Schuster have had a studio and gallery in the artist colony of Brown County, Indiana for over 35 years. Ron is a self-taught glass artist working in...
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At Rosey's studio/gallery: whimsically painted gourds, jewelry & other unique folk painting. Open most days, best to call ahead (812) 322-3398 & find us on Facebook: Rosey's Uncommon Gourd
Through the Looking Glass
Antique Alley, 75 S. Jefferson St., Nashville, IN, 47448
Hand-carved stone signs, stone carvings, glass art creations, routed and sandblasted wood signs. Find them in Antique Alley.
Weed Patch Music Company
58 East Main Street, Nashville, IN, 47448
Weed Patch Music Company is a unique music store in Brown County, Indiana. Visit us at 58 East Main in Nashville, Indiana (right next to the courthouse on the East...
Wooden Wonders
63 S Jefferson Street, Nashville, IN, 47448
Wooden Wonders products are handcrafted by the self-taught artist, Chris Trotter. Specializing in totem poles and customized products. Come see some of the work that's been done and is currently...


text:
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text:
Printable PDF
Vendor: Cisco
Certifications: CCNA
Exam Name: Cisco Certified Network Associate(New)
Exam Code: 640-803
Total Questions: 105 Q&As
Last Updated: Oct 13, 2018
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text: Carol Emery from River Valley Healthy Communities presents Caroline Siekman, Crescent Park fourth-grader, with the first place regional Tar Wars winner certificate for 2014. Her poster with the slogan ' Being Tobacco Free is the Healthy Living Key' was chosen out of more than 100 posters from fourth graders from area schools. Caroline also wins a new bicycle and helmet to help continue to be active. Tar Wars is a tobacco-free education program for kids created by the American Academy of Family Physicians and was presented by Dr. Clayton Bell last fall.


text:
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Brill's MyBook program is exclusively available on BrillOnline Books and Journals. Students and scholars affiliated with an institution that has purchased a Brill E-Book on the BrillOnline platform automatically have access to the MyBook option for the title(s) acquired by the Library. Brill MyBook is a print-on-demand paperback copy which is sold at a favorably uniform low price.
- P.E. de Josselin de Jong, Philip Lumban Tobing, The structure of the Toba-Batak belief in the high God. Amsterdam (Jacob van Campen) 1956. (Diss. Utrecht). 177 pp., map, plates, bibl.- R. Reinsma, John Bastin, The native policies of Sir Stamford Raffles in Java and Sumatra. An Economic Interpretation, Clarendon Press: Oxford University Press, 1957; 163 blz.- A.F.P. Hulsewé, Lindsay Ride, Robert Morrison, the scholar and the man, and illustrated catalogue of the exhibition held at the University of Hongkong...to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Robert Morrison's arrival in China; Hongkong, 1957. VIII + 48 + 24 +pp.
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text:
On a Dare from His Son, Roy Lichtenstein Unwittingly Invented Pop Art
Artsy Editorial
Title: Jacqueline Kennedy I 13
Medium: Screenprint on Paper
Year: 1966
Size: 24" x 20"
Details: Edition of 200, signed with a rubber stamp and numbered in pencil on verso. Published in the portfolio "11 Pop Artists."
Andy Warhol created Jackie Kennedy I in 1966 based on a photograph of the former first lady from a 1963 issue of Life magazine. The magazine featured photographs from the JFK assassination and funeral, an event that fascinated Warhol. The silvery screenprint is an example of Warhol's early works when he made very little changes to his source image. Andy created multiple prints featuring images of Jacqueline Kennedy. In Jackie I, the former first lady is smiling and wearing her signature pillbox hat. Andy Warhol, who was obsessed with celebrity, created this screenprint of the iconic Jacqueline Kennedy as a commentary on the media frenzy that surrounded the assassination of her husband and former president John F. Kennedy.
Signature: Stamp signed and numbered in pencil on verso.
Obsessed with celebrity, consumer culture, and mechanical (re)production, Pop artist Andy Warhol created some of the most iconic images of the 20th century. As famous for his quips as for his art—he variously mused that "art is what you can get away with" and "everyone will be famous for 15 minutes"—Warhol drew widely from popular culture and everyday subject matter, creating works like his 32 Campbell's Soup Cans (1962), Brillo pad box sculptures, and portraits of Marilyn Monroe, using the medium of silk-screen printmaking to achieve his characteristic hard edges and flat areas of color. Known for his cultivation of celebrity, Factory studio (a radical social and creative melting pot), and avant-garde films like Chelsea Girls (1966), Warhol was also a mentor to artists like Keith Haring and Jean-Michel Basquiat. His Pop sensibility is now standard practice, taken up by major contemporary artists Richard Prince, Takashi Murakami, and Jeff Koons, among countless others.
American, 1928-1987, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, based in New York, NY, United States
On a Dare from His Son, Roy Lichtenstein Unwittingly Invented Pop Art
Artsy Editorial
Collectible Sculptures for Your Workspace
Artsy Specialist
Your Kids Will Love These Children's Books Illustrated by Famous Artists
Artsy Editorial


text:
Reporters here mention it on occasion. But they aren't writing it much yet: the President is vulnerable to slippage and could be out of his success-related euphoria and into some deep troubles in not too long a time, perhaps by fall.
The polls tell a story of a President who is still riding fairly high, at about 59 percent.
The bright side of that figure from Mr. Reagan's point of view, the side analysts tend to emphasize, is that this is a rather impressive performance rating at a time when the President is pushing spending cuts that affect so many Americans.
The other side, of course, is that Mr. Reagan is down nearly 10 percent in public approval from what he was only a few weeks ago and that a similar slide would take him below 50 percent. This could have a decidedly negative effect on what he is trying to do.
A leading House Republican, who makes a strong case for the lasting nature of the new ties between Democratic conservatives and Republicans, was asked if a Reagan dip below 50 percent in the ratings would have an effect on that coalition. Wouldn't it give these conservatives second thoughts before they left their party and voted with the Republicans? His answer: "Yes, that could make a big difference."
Critics of the President aren't too easy to find. At least they are not too vocal. When found, they continue to say that Mr. Reagan is due for his comeuppance soon. They content that, despite the President's friendly way of doing it, he is involved in confrontational politics that is bound to lead to ill feeling and growing tensions between Republicans and Democrats in Congress and elsewhere.
These critics argue that Mr. Reagan will have more trouble in getting his tax policy through Congress than he did his spending cuts. And they see the liberal Democrats in Congress joining with moderate Republicans in bucking, and possibly defeating, the President's efforts in behalf of prayer in the schools and antiabortion legislation.
They further believe that the Reagan decline in popularity stems mainly from the fact that a growing number of Americans have come to think that presidentially initiated spending cuts will reduce their standard of living. Also, they see these cuts having a ripple effect, reaching out to millions of additional Americans who will soon conclude that Mr. Reagan is hurting them more than he is helping them.
"Wait until people see what these Reagan block grants to the states will do to the big cities," one leading Democrat said the other day. "They'll find that all kinds of their services are reduced. And many people -- like the blue-collar workers who voted for Reagan last fall -- may well decide that they don't like him anymore."
Detractors of the President also cite recent polls which indicate that upward of 30 percent of the voters disapprove of Mr. Reagan, a particularly high disapproval rating for a President this early in his term.
Gallup showed those disapproving of Reagan rising from 21 percent to 28 percent in a month's time. Said one political analyst of this finding:
"This could be Reagan's Achilles' heel. Obviously a lot of Americans now are opposed to him. They will talk against him and, perhaps, work against him. This of itself could help erode his popularity."
Those who are convinced that the President's popularity will soon fade cite recent history for support. A former key aide in the Carter administration put it this way:
"It is not the natural state for a President to be riding high. Sooner or later events come along that knock the props out from under him. It's coming a little later than I expected with Reagan. But it will happen by fall, certainly no later than winter."
Objective observers join the President's critics in the judgment that the President will have to show that his economic package is working fairly soon or he will begin to lose public favor.
"If Reagan's economics go bad," says political expert Richard Scammon, "his support will fall into the Democrats' lap. If his economic programs don't work, that's the end for him."


text:
Status: Closed
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text:
Centricut is a Hypertherm brand of consumables for non-Hypertherm mechanized plasma systems that deliver superior cutting performance at the lowest overall cost.
Centricut consumables have been designed to optimise any brand of mechanized plasma systems. Patented SilverLine and CoolFlow technologies dramatically boost consumable life and improve cut quality in a wide range of plasma applications.
Centricut employs a large team of plasma process engineers to develop designs that accomplish the complex task of shaping, constricting and centering the plasma arc.


text:
Even though children and adults with autism exhibit a wide variety of individual and unique symptoms, a common attribute of those diagnosed with autism is a deficit in the ability to make eye contact. In a paper published in Nature late last year, researchers from the Marcus Autism Center and Emory University School of Medicine used special eye-tracking equipment to measure eye fixation in children only 2 months of age and were able to observe the earliest signs of developing autism ever recorded.2 Infants that were enrolled in the study were measured at 10 different time points between the ages of 2 months and 24 months, and then an autism diagnosis was made at 36 months. Infants were classified as either high-risk for ASD if a full sibling had already been diagnosed with ASD or low-risk if no first, second, or third degree relatives were affected by the disorder. Eye-tracking was analyzed at each of the time points for 36 boy infants, 11 of which were later diagnosed with ASD (10 from the high-risk group and 1 from the low-risk group) and 25 of which were classified as typically developing. At each of these time intervals, infants watched videos of a caregiver behaving in a natural, standard manner, and the amount of time each infant fixated visually on the eyes, mouth, body, and objects in the room was measured. It was hypothesized that in the children later diagnosed with autism, a deficit in the attention given to the caretaker's eyes would be observed beginning from the earliest time point measured.
In 2002, the first study of this kind to use eye-tracking equipment to research autism was conducted.3 Male adolescents with autism and males that had not been diagnosed with autism were recruited to watch 5 clips from the 1967 movie "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf," chosen due to the socially intense interaction of the four main characters.4 The movie includes many highly complex social situations that would warrant a viewer's fixation on a character's facial expression and bodily actions. While those in the study watched the clips, eye-tracking equipment was utilized to track visual fixation of the two groups. Individuals from the autism group were more fixated on the mouth region, the body region, and object region than their peers that had not been diagnosed with autism. The largest difference in visual fixation was that of the eyes though; those from the autism group fixated 2 times less on the eyes and this was the best predictor of which study group an individual was associated with.
Yellow = Control viewer, Orange = Viewer with autism3
A new technology that has the potential to be used as a screening tool for autism would be incredibly helpful for the field, since it has been shown that early diagnosis and early therapies can improve a child's delayed development.5 However, therapies for autism including speech and language therapy, usually occur between 12 and 18 months, at the earliest. If risk assessment is made between the ages of 2 and 6 months and the only obvious symptom is declining eye contact that has been made with specialized, sophisticated technology that currently is not even used in a clinician's office, what therapies would be utilized and what development skills would therapy target? The earlier autism is detected, the better for the child, but is it also possible that there would be an age where the diagnosis would be unnecessary, or even detrimental? As this new technology is more widely used and if the results are confirmed in a larger population, researchers are more likely to develop intensive therapies for infants in an effort to rehabilitate children who show signs of autism at a very young age.
ASD can be expressed in children and adults in a variety of forms with varying levels of severity. While parents of a severely autistic child who is unable to communicate would most likely appreciate intensive therapies given at a young age in an effort to lessen the effects of autism, many advocates of neurodiversity would rather find ways to accommodate and help those afflicted with autism and not find new methods for extreme rehabilitation. Proponents of neurodiversity often believe that many neurological disorders, such as ASD, are a natural result of the genome and neurodiversity is crucial to society.6,7 Attempts to eliminate all autistic expression from children using early-intervention autism assessment or therapy would go against the tenets of neurodiversity and be seen as completely unnecessary.
The idea of neurodiversity and how neurodiversity applies to autism is a complex idea, in part because autism is such a diverse disorder. No two children with autism behave the same or are affected at the exact same level of severity. As researchers and clinicians move forward with very early therapeutic interventions and even earlier risk assessments, children will have to be considered individually. Screening for autism at an infant age may be useful or even necessary for children with a high-risk for autism, and based on the results, it may not be advisable to wait until a child reaches 12 to 18 months to start therapy. While researchers observed that a steeper decline in visual eye fixation was related to a more severe social disability, results also suggest that initial visual fixation to the eyes following birth into the first couple of months of life is not reliant on whether or not a child has autism. This offers the hope that there are more therapies for autism to be explored – those that build on a neural foundation and normative social behavior observed in infancy, and not necessarily a remedial program that works to adjust social behavior and visual fixation deficits.
1) Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ASD homepage. Retrieved on January 28, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/facts.html
2) Jones, W., Klin, A. (2013). Attention to eyes is present but in decline in 2-6-month-old infants later diagnosed with autism. Nature 504, 427.
3) Falck-Ytter, T., Bölte, S., Gredebäck, G. (2013). Eye tracking in early research. J Neurodev Disord 5, 28.
4) Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., Cohen, D. (2002). Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59, 809.
5) What is Autism? Autism Speaks. Retrieved on January 28, 2014, from http://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism
6) Sarrett, J. (2013). Why is Neurodiversity Useful? The Neuroethics Blog. Retrieved on January 28, 2014, from http://www.theneuroethicsblog.com/2013/12/why-is-neurodiversity-useful.html
7) My Life With Asperger's. Psychology Today. Retrieved on January 28, 2014 from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/my-life-aspergers/201310/what-is-neurodiversity.
Want to Cite This Post?
Strong, K. (2014). Neuroethics Journal Club: How early can signs of autism be detected in infants? The Neuroethics Blog. Retrieved on , from http://www.theneuroethicsblog.com/2014/02/neuroethics-journal-club-how-early-can.html


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Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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Moo Jong Park
Volume & Issues
Volume 14, Issue 6 - Dec 2014
Volume 14, Issue 5 - Oct 2014
Volume 14, Issue 4 - Aug 2014
Volume 14, Issue 3 - Jun 2014
Volume 14, Issue 2 - Apr 2014
Volume 14, Issue 1 - Feb 2014
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Mechanical, Thermal and Flame Retardant Characteristics for Wood Flour-Polypropylene Composites
Park, Kihun ; Shin, Baegwoo ; Jhee, Kwang-Hwan ; Bang, Daesuk ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 1~6
We manufactured wood flour-polypropylene(PP) composites by a modular intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder. The limiting oxygen index(LOI) and cone calorimeter experiments were carried out in order to analyze flame retardant characteristics. And mechanical properties were measured by universal testing machine(UTM). The specimens for these tests were prepared by adding four types of flame retardants such as DBDPO(decabromodiphenyl oxide), APP(ammonium polyphosphate), ATH(aluminium trihydroxide) and MP(melamine phosphate). It was found that mechanical properties of the composites with flame retardants showed higher tensile strength and flexural strength than those of control wood flour-PP composites. Also the results of cone calorimeter test indicated that adding flame retardants produced lower heat release rate and mean heat release rate compared to the wood flour-PP composites. Among the four flame retardants, melamine phosphate had the most effective flame retarding characteristics.
A Study on the Prediction of Fire Growth Rate During Initial Fire for Performance Fire Safety Design
Seo, Dong Goo ; Kim, Dong Eun ; Kim, Jeong Hee ; Kim, Dong Jun ; Kwon, Young Jin ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 7~14
This study is experimentally examining initial fire behavior important for evacuation safety in order to establish performance-based fire safety design, centering on combustibles. Relation between fire load and heat release rate was examined through an experiment in order to establish a method that could predict initial fire behavior. Besides, initial fire behavior was investigated through comparison with the results derived from real scale fire experiment by using the conventional studied fire growth rate model. As a result, in case fire load was
or over, it was difficult to be derived by using the conventional dynamics equation, but its regression equation could be derived through experimental study. Also, it was verified that a large effect was produced on the initial fire behavior according to the ignition source and arrangement of combustibles.
Evaluation of Structural Performance of Diagrid Node Subjected to Vertical Loads
Jung, In Yong ; Kim, Jin Kyu ; Ju, Young Kyu ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 15~22
With various node types in a diagrid structural system, more and more free form buildings have been constructed these days. However, few studies have been carried out on the structural performance of a diagrid node. In this paper, vertical resistance of four different types of a diagrid node, where the shape of a brace member, overlapped length of plates, and welding methods are considered as primal parameters, is experimentally tested and investigated. Under compression tests, all the specimens show strength degradation with out-of-plane deformation. Vertical resistance is identical between each type of diagrid nodes, except for MB type. Also, it is found that the welding method did not affect the performance of MA type specimen.
Seismic Performance Evaluation of H-section Steel Column New Shape Weak-Axis Connection for Constructability
Kim, Sung Bae ; Cho, Han Sol ; Lee, Tae Gyu ; Kim, Sang Seup ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 23~33
H-section steel column new shape weak-axis was developed and performed through monotonic loading test regarding basic structural performance evaluation. In this study cyclic loading test was followed up in order to evaluate seismic performance through the full-scale of new shape weak-axis connection for constructabilitiy. New shape weak-axis connection has a simple shape with the less spot of welding points, and it has advantage about showing the obvious flow of strength in connection points. Therefore, three specimens are built for the variables which are overlap length of beam-end and column flange. As the result, New shape of weak-axis connection is appeared special Moment Frame(SMF) and have excellent structural performance and constructablility when the parameter is over 50 mm.
Analytical Study on the Optimum Design of Hybrid Buckling-Restrained Braces
Kim, Myeong Han ; Yoon, Sung-Won ; Ju, Young-Kyu ; Kim, Do-Hyun ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 35~41
Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs) are not able to dissipate the energy under minor earthquakes or wind loads. Hybrid Buckling-Restrained Braces (H-BRBs) which are composed of a viscoelastic damper and BRB have been developed to improve the performance of BRBs. In this paper, time history analyses were performed to investigate how the position and range of H-BRBs have an influence on the optimum design of tall buildings. Wind force data (10 year return period) obtained from wind tunnel test was used in the time history analysis. It is concluded that H-BRB applied at the bottom of building is effective to reduce the story displacement and H-BRB applied at the top and bottom of building is able to improve the serviceability of the building. Also it is effective to control serviceability when H-BRBs are installed at the top of the building in the efficiency of H-BRB.
Evaluation on Structural Performance of Hybrid Friction Damper Components I: One-nodal Rotary Frictional Component
Kim, Do-Hyun ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 43~50
As tall buildings have increased in Korea, various dampers have been applied. In order to minimize the space, cost and construction process, the new hybrid friction damper which can be installed at a coupled beam was developed. This damper, which is composed of two one-nodal rotary frictional components and a slotted bolted frictional component, is able to operate at various displacements of building. In this study, dependency tests were carried out to evaluate on the structural performance of one-nodal rotary frictional component. Test results show that one-nodal rotary frictional component does not depend on a displacement, a frequency and a long term loading. However friction coefficient is reducing as a clamping force is increasing.
Second Order Temporal Finite Element Methods in Linear Elasticity through the Extended Framework of Hamilton`s Principle
Kim, Jinkyu ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 51~58
The extended framework of Hamilton`s principle provides new rigorous weak variational formalism for a broad range of initial boundary value problems in mathematical physics and mechanics. In this paper, its potential in the development of numerical methods for transient problems in various dynamical systems, when adopting temporally second order approximation is investigated. For this, linear elastic single-degree-of-freedom systems are primarily considered to investigate computational characteristics of the developed numerical algorithms. For the undamped system, all the algorithms are symplectic and unconditionally stable with respect to the time step. For the damped system, they are shown to be accurate with good convergence characteristics.
Study of Soil-Structure-Structure Interaction on Earthquake Response with Different Foundation Arrangement
Kim, Dong Woo ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 59~66
The aim of this paper is to study the interaction between adjacent buildings with different foundation levels under earthquake loading conditions. Buildings and soil are represented by three different models. In the first and second cases the building itself is modeled with standard frame and equivalent bar element, whereas the soil behavior is stimulated by a special grid model. In the third case, the building and soil are represented by plane stress or plane strain elements. The modulus of elasticity of the ground is varied. Just like the modification of the modulus of elasticity the varying relations of inertia have a strong influence on the section forces within the buildings. The analysis is carried out using numerical program which has developed based on the axisymmetric fine element method in corporation of rough element for soil region and wave input technique transit boundary condition. Interaction of the proposed method is demonstrated in numerical examples.
Study of Deterioration Prediction Model of Water Distribution System Using the Development of Method of the Amend Indirect Condition Assessment
Park, MiYun ; Sho, ByungChoon ; Park, JaeHak ; Kim, KwangHo ; Sim, JaeHo ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 67~76
Korea`s rapid ubanization development has changed the country, water and waste water facilities also has been continuously increased. Especially in the 80`s and 90`s, a lot of Pipe had been installed and Pipe network has rapidly extented, and those are over 40~50 years old. The concurrent increase of the replacement arrival period makes a large of national financial burden on government and society. For this reason, to build the appropriate and reasonable budget investment strategy, the determination of introduction of asset management system about water treatment and wastewater facilities is desperately needed. Thus, in this study, a pilot area for a particular technology to assess the current state of the diagnostic evaluation and safety inspection of the facility safety analysis to compare the result to derive the correlation between the two diagnostics, environmental characteristics, and tend to apply the aging of Water Distribution System the aging of the proposed prediction model. To assess the level of the facilities at the present time, and it`s based on the long-term national plan for infrastructure asset management is a very important part seems to be able to be utilized.
Prediction of Chloride Penetration into Concrete Pavement under Deicing Chemicals
Na, Okpin ; Lee, Jaesung ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 77~83
Deicing chemicals have been used to prevent the freezing of concrete pavement during winter season and the usage amount of the chemicals is increasing every year. Deicing chemicals gradually penetrate into concrete and exacerbate the concrete damage originating from freezing and thawing. The purpose of this study is to carry out the chloride penetration analysis with Nernst-plank equation and numerical model. In this study, the transport phenomenon of various deicing chemicals such as Nacl,
, and
into concrete was expressed with electro-neutrality condition and electric potential. Nernst-plank equation was substituted into fick`s second law and material model was considered with curing, water-cement ratio, temperature, moisture, and free chloride and so on. This mathematical model can be solved with finite element method, one of the numerical methods. As the results, this model was well agreed with experimental results and the diffusion analysis of other chemical ions into concrete can be predicted as well.
Validation of Multi-satellite Precipitation Products for Assessing their Potential Utility of Hydrological Application Over South Korea
Kim, Jong Pil ; Park, Kyung-Won ; Jung, Il-Won ; Kim, Gwangseob ; Yoon, Sun-Kwon ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 85~96
Multi-satellite precipitation products can provide possible opportunity for diverse hydrological applications in Korea. This study investigated the potential utility of three multi-satellite precipitation estimates, including TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) 3B42v6, CMORPH(Climate Prediction Center Morphing), and GSMaP(Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation)-MVK(Moving Vector with Kalman filter), from 2002 to 2009 by comparing with ground-gauged precipitation data over four major river basins of South Korea. The results showed that the frequency and amount of TRMM 3B42v6 estimates agreed well with observations at daily scale. However, CMORPH and GSMaP-MVK exhibited relatively poor performance than TRMM 3B42v6 with significantly underestimated precipitation. Overall, our results were consistent across four major river basins.
Snow Disaster Risk Index in the Ulsan Metropolitan City
Park, Hee-Seong ; Lee, Seung Joon ; Yu, Insang ; Jeong, Sangman ; Chung, Gunhui ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 97~106
In this study, Snow Disaster Risk Index(SDRI) is proposed using PSR analysis to prepare heavy snowfall and distinguish snow disaster vulnerable area. Proxy variables to calculate Pressure Index(PI), State Index(SI), and Response Index(RI) are selected in the Ulsan metropolitan city. The weights of the proxy variables are determined using AHP method which uses a pairwise comparison survey and Entropy theory based on variation of the data. PI, SI, and RI were calculated using those weights and SDRI is provided. As a result, SDRI is higher with respect to the aspect and slope of the region. The weights calculated using entropy theory have relatively equivalent values, thus, AHP method provides bigger discrepancy than entropy theory on the final SDRI. Both methods proposed that the Ulsan metropolitan city has low snow disaster risk, and the results could be used as the basic information for snow disaster risk mitigation policy.
Investigation of Behavior of Suction Caisson Anchors based on Single-Wall and Double-Wall Model Caissons
Kim, Yusuk ; Teodosio, Bertrand ; Ahn, Jaehun ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 107~113
Wind power presently reflects a very promising source of renewable energy. The optimal type of foundations for offshore wind turbines, in very deep water, is the floating type; the research on floating wind turbines is very active worldwide. It is essential to develop anchoring system for floating structures, and the suction caisson anchor is one of most widerly used in deep oceans. This paper addresses the anchor holding capacity of suction caisson anchors under vertical pull-out, and friction and reverse end bearing coefficients based on mode tests. The values of friction and reverse end bearing coefficients put in similar ranges with literature values, but are still lower than those suggested in design guides. It is, therefore, suggested the current model tests may predict qualitative trends of suction caission anchors` behaviors. As subsequential works, based on current results, it is planned to conduct cyclic tests to estimate the permanent behavior of anchors under oceanic environments.
Analysis of Landslide Triggering Rainfall Threshold for Prediction of Landslide Occurrence
Oh, Jeongrim ; Park, Hyuck Jin ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 115~129
Landslide occurs mostly during rainy seasons in Korea, and rainfall is the largest factor causing landslides. This study is intended to establish the rainfall standard to predict the risk of landslides, taking into account of regional/geological characteristics. To that end, historical data of landslides and rainfall data were investigated and analyzed. To predict the landslide risk using rainfall data, rainfall data which were related to causing landslide previously, was selected and analyzed to establish the rainfall standards and real-time rainfall approach was applied to establish the rainfall standards and determine the potential risk. Reliability in predicting the landslide risk using rainfall data, is heavily dependent on the spatial density of rainfall observatory stations and in this study the risk analysis using rainfall data focuses on predicting the time of landslide occurrences. In this study, rainfall standards by region are proposed using 250 landslide historic data and past rainfall data. Reliability of established rainfall standards was verified and rainfall standards would lead to reliable prediction of landslide occurrence time.
Analysis of Measured Data obtained from Vertically Vibrating Pile
Lee, Seunghyun ; Yoon, Kiyong ; Kim, Eungseok ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 131~137
In order to analyze the behavior of a pile installed by vibrohammer, single accelerometer which is put on the pile head and strain gauges which are put on both head and toe of the pile and depth measuring drum are likely to be the minimum sufficient measuring instruments. Dealing with the data obtained from the depth measuring drum, number of the data which is equal to 10 times of the data acquisition frequency seems to be sufficient for calculating penetration rate of the pile. Details of obtaining displacement history through minimizing zero offset of the measured acceleration and fine tuning the zero offset is presented in the paper and the resulted displacement history shows smooth and repetitive shape. The shapes of the obtained dynamic load transfer curves are similar to those of the past researcher. Results obtained from analyzing the measured data show that analyzed results rationally reflect the distribution of the N value with depth.
Prediction of the Landslide and Effect on Heritage Located in Mountain induced Earthquake
Jeon, Seongkon ; Kim, Derkmoon ; Choi, Wonil ; Choi, Eunhwa ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 139~148
It was selected as the study area where heritage are located on the Mountain in Seoul. The variation of landslide risk induced earthquake by using the Newmark displacement model and the prediction of debris flow pattern due to landslides were performed. And these effects on heritage distributed in the study area were investigated. As a result, it was analyzed that heritage on landslide risk areas induced earthquake does not be placed, however the further research for Sajikdan on the predicted moving path of debris flow would be recommendable.
The Model for Sensing of Disaster Signs Based on Big Data
Choi, Seon Hwa ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 149~157
In recent years, social media has become ubiquitous and important for social networking and content sharing. Especially, in the disaster area, social media supports backchannel communications, allowing for wide-scale interaction that can be collectively resourceful, self-policing, and generative of information that is otherwise hard to obtain. At the time of great Japan and Haiti earthquake, social media channels actively were utilizing to grasp the damage, to warn, and to exchange information. This paper is to introduce the model for sensing the signs of inundation and detecting inundation risk areas by analyzing big data related to disasters. This model is comprised of three steps: a sign sensing step through monitoring and analyzing unstructured data such as social media, a risk detecting step through comparing and analyzing structured data such as precipitation, inundation hazard maps, and so forth, and a disaster status dissemination step to disaster related organizations, local governments, and the public. By applying our model to Gangnam inundation damage, 2011, in Korea, we substantiated that there is the potential for utilization on our model.
Priority Assignment for Emergency Medical Service Provision in Disaster by Considering Resource Limitation
Shin, Kyohong ; Lee, Taesik ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 159~168
EMS resources management is one of the determinants to maximize the number of survivors effective first response in the aftermath of mass casualties. This paper concerns a problem of patient prioritization for EMS provision by constructing a Markov Decision Processes( MDP) model. While prior research tends to focus solely on transport resources (i.e., ambulance), we show that factors on the involved hospitals (i.e., capacity and capability) in the disaster response affect optimal response policies. Experiments on hypothetical scenarios are conducted to compare the proposed model with the existing algorithms from the literature, including the standard triage practice known as START(Simple Triage And Rapid Treatment). We show that considering hospital factors can save more patients than the other algorithms in most scenarios. The results of the study suggest that capacity and capability of the hospitals participating in the response should be factored into decision makings in the EMS response to maximize the life savings.
On the Effect of Wind in the Extinguishing System for Wild Forest Fire
Gim, Gyun-Ho ; Shin, Jong-Hyeon ; Chang, Se-Myong ; Seo, Younggwang ; Lee, Byungdoo ; Nam, Songhee ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 169~176
In this study, experimental and computational methods are applied for the appropriate positioning of the extinguishing system for wild forest fire, and we especially focussed on the effect of wind as an environmental condition. The fire extinguishing system is generally installed for the protection of wooden cultural properties as well as the resource of forest. Setting the experimental model around the wind farm in Bieungdo-dong, Gunsan-shi, Jeonbuk, the characteristics of three conventional nozzles are investigated, and a set of experimental correlation for the effect of wind field has been induced so far. Additionally, the numerical analysis model using a commercial code ANSYS-CFX has been made to compare with the experimental result and to extend the data for strong wind field.
The Assessment for Leakage Rate of Pressurizer Manway Bolting
Cho, Nam Jin ; Sin, Pyung Sik ; Kim, Woo Chang ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 177~183
In nuclear power plant, defected bolts used in pressurizer manway could have bad effect on the safety of the plant. Thus, the bolts should maintain their integrity while used in the plant. However, damaged bolts, such as corroded or cracked bolts, have been reported; thus, well-organized monitoring is required. This study evaluates safety of bolts currently used in a nuclear plant using the leakage rate. Using ANSYS program, the opening of a manway due to damaged bolts is estimated and corresponding leakage rate was estimated by SQUIRT code. The results exhibit that even in the case of 3 damaged bolts the leakage rate satisfies the allowable level, 1 gpm. However, continuous in-service inspection is still required to ensure the safety of bolts as considering the development of leakage rate.
Analysis of the Truck Fire Breaking Out During Expressway Driving
Kim, Youn Hoi ; Lee, Eui Pyeong ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 185~194
In this paper, leakage of fuel and oil, overheating of engine and exhaust pipe, foreign material on exhaust pipe and turbocharger, short-circuit on electrical wires, defect of turbocharger and starter, arson and smoking material and so on were analyzed in detail to investigate the cause of the new 3.5-ton truck fire which broke out during expressway driving. The compressor fan axis of turbocharger turned normally but the blade part was lost and its root part was split in three pieces. It indicated that the truck fire was caused by turbocharger defect(compressor blade damage or oil leakage). The fire liability rested with a manufacturer because the truck fire was caused by manufacturing defect of turbocharger. And strengthening of quality management of truck maker was suggested to prevent truck fire because the truck fire broke out within term of warranty.
Standardizing Acceleration Test Methods for Assessing the Durability of the Sprayed Fire Resistive Materials
Kim, Dae-Hoi ; Choi, Dong-Ho ; Lee, Gun-Chul ; Lee, Sae-Hyun ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 195~201
The buildings constructed with steel structure is coated with certified Sprayed Fire Resistive Material(SFRM) to resist from fire. All the building materials lose their initial performances as time passes, so they need durability. This study covers standardization of the methods for assessing the durability of SFRM. In Korea, more than 90 percent of SFRM are used indoors. So their fire performance were tested under indoor conditions before and after accelerate wet/dry cycling and temperature cycling to standardize the methods for assessing their durability.
Effects of Repetitive Firefighting on Human Body
Bang, Chang-Hoon ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 203~208
The aim of study intends to investigate the effects of repetitive firefighting on human body and to provide the basic data for the safety of firefighter. The results of the study are as follows; On two separate occasions under ambient temperature WBGT
(Globe Temperature
, dry bulb temperature of
, relative humidity 26.7%), nine firefighting majoring students(n
An Analysis on the Main Causes of Explosion in Industrial Settings and a Study on its Prevention
Choi, Minseok ; Sin, Pyungsic ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 209~215
Explosion occurring in industrial settings happens when materials handled or fuel used are mixed abnormally or leak, and they are in an unsafe condition. The unsafe condition which can be developed to explosion has many cases by carelessness in use rather than equipment defects such as obsolescence of equipment, system failures, etc, to prevent accidents by carelessness, despite the efforts of strengthening safety training and relevant regulations and modernizing emergency equipment, the reason large and small explosion occurs continuously is that the cause of accidents which is an act of the operator, that is `carelessness` is treated as a personal matter. Since accidents caused by carelessness are originated from complex problems which can be generated in facilities, systems, working processes as well as individual work situations, specific safety rules throughout the working process as well as personal duty of care should be provided to prevent accidents by carelessness.
A Study on Limited Area Ratio of the Non-insulated Glazed Window in Fire
Park, Soo Young ; Seo, Hee Won ; Wang, Nam Woong ; Kim, Dae Hoi ; Yeo, In Hwan ; Choi, Dong Ho ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 217~225
In foreign countries, a non-insulated fire glazed window is permitted in fire compartment restricting the use and size, but on the domestic side, not permitted. So, there is a need to confirm the fire resistance of the domestic non-insulated fire glazed window and to evaluate the fire safety of that. In this study, the fire resistance tests of 4 types of windows were conducted depending on window area, and the measured radiant heat fluxes and temperatures were evaluated in fire safety. As a result, we suggested the window/wall area ratio secured the fire safety.
Performance Evaluation of Seismic Reinforced Column of Buildings
Lee, Youngkyo ; Park, Yoen-Jun ; Park, Inn-Joon ; Park, Seunghee ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 227~232
It have been increasing societal and economic demands on seismic design and retrofit because of recently frequent occurrence of earthquake in Korea. Structural collapse due to the earthquake results from the failure of columns and hence the columns have to be reinforced to improve the seismic performance of the structures. In this study, new seismic retrofit method for columns of buildings was proposed so that the bottom part and the base of the columns could be reinforced with steel plates and fire-proof rubber pads. Statical loading tests were performed with the columns to evaluate the seismic performance of the proposed retrofit method. The failure mode and the strain variation of the reinforced column were analyzed according to the static loading and the results were compared to those from the unreinforced column. As a result, the seismic performance of the reinforced column was significantly improved.
Collapse Capacities of Steel Intermediate Moment-Resisting Frames I
Park, Jin-Young ; Yi, Waon-Ho ; Kim, Hyung-Joon ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 233~243
Domestic structural design code, KBC2009 specify the criteria for satisfying life safety level in design earthquake. But criteria for satisfying collapse prevention level in maximum considered earthquake are stated allusively. This study designed and modeled three prototype structure of steel intermediate moment resisting frame classified with the number of story. Through nonlinear time history analysis, adequacy of life safety level in design earthquake and collapse prevention level in maximum considered earthquake are evaluated in this study. global and local dynamic response of prototype structures were observed changing the plastic deformation capacity which is one of the most important factor in collapse capacity to achieve two seismic capacity goals; life safety level in design earthquake and collapse prevention level in maximum considered earthquake.
Collapse Capacities of Steel Intermediate Moment-Resisting Frames II
Park, Jin-Young ; Yi, Waon-Ho ; Kim, Hyung-Joon ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 245~254
The first paper of continuing two papers observed that the one of most important factor of determining collapse capacity is plastic deformation capacity of column. This study investigated the plastic deformation capacity satisfying collapse prevention level in maximum considered earthquake. For this purpose, incremental dynamic analysis was performed with the prototype structure introduced in former paper using 40 ground motion records. The Collapse capacity was evaluated with confidence factor method of FEMA355F and methodology of FEMA-P695.
Analysis of Discharge Capacity for Intake Structure at Deep Underground Storm Water Tunnel Using Fluent Model
Kim, So Young ; Kim, Jung Soo ; Yoon, Sei Eui ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 255~265
Recently, the deep underground storm water tunnel for inundation reduction has been designed and constructed in urban areas. However, practical studies considering characteristics of domestic urban areas are insufficient. Especially, flow pattern and drainage capacity of intake structures are influenced by intake types of a drop shaft. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse flow characteristics and discharge capacity of the intake structure with change of intake types. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, Fluent 6.3, was applied to investigate the flow characteristics of the drop shaft structure for various of intake types (scroll, spiral, and tangential). The Fluent model was carefully assessed by comparing simulated results with the experiment, and there was good agreement between them. The numerical simulation was carried out according to change in intake types and inlet slopes. The simulated results were showed that spiral and tangential-inlet were stably drained the rate of inflow into the drop shaft. However, the tangential-inlet was showed steady discharge capacity at intake regardless of variation of inlet slopes compared with the spiral-inlet. Therefore, the tangential-inlet was appropriate as inlet of the deep underground storm water tunnel that be able to install on narrowish underground space of urban areas.
Analysis of Urban Inundation Reduction Effect by Early Operation of Drainage Pumping Station
Song, Yang Ho ; Park, Moo Jong ; Lee, Jung Ho ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 267~276
In low-lying districts of urban areas, drainage pumping stations were built to protect urban inundation by the heavy rain and, in the station, the pump operation is performed by only reservoir depth. But the effect of pump operation can be improved by various pumping rules. This study would like to analysis the reduction effects of urban inundation by early operation of pumps. The various design rainfall events were applied to Gasan 1 pumping station in Seoul and then, the most effective period of early operation was 10 minutes. Also, the maximum water levels of reservoir simulated by early pump operation were 10~70 cm lower than results by the existing operation rule and the overflow volumes in upstream sewer network were reduece by about 50%. Therefore, in urban areas, the flood control stability can be improved by efficient operation of the existing pumping station.
An Experimental Study on Hydraulic Characteristics at Bangudae Petroglyphs by Changing Management Water Level of Sa-yeon Dam
Chegal, Sun Dong ; Cho, Hong-Je ; Kang, Ho Seon ; Lee, Seung Oh ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 277~287
If water level control will be executed in order to prevent the inundation for preservation of Bangudae petroglyphs, the assessment of hydraulic characteristic on rock sides was carried out with hydraulic model experiments. Hydraulic model was constructed by 1:50 scale to be applicable to flow characteristic of both stream and reservoir. Furthermore, this study was conducted to numerical simulation and pressure measurement on the surface of petroglyphs model at the same time. As results from this study, inundation time was clearly reduced but inundation prevention was barely occurred. Maximum mean velocity at the front of Bangudae petroglyphs was measured from 10 years to 80 years frequency flood event and not proportional to the frequency. Increasement of mean velocity was about 425% for 200 year frequency flood and about 666% for 2 year frequency flood compared to current condition. If water level control would be adjusted, potential damages of Bangudae petroglyphs would be likely to increase in flooding seasons, which should be requested for alternative prevention plan.
Flood Forecasting Estimation Methodology of Standard Rainfall for Urban Mid and Small Rivers considering Upper- and Down-stream Water Levels
Song, Yang Ho ; Song, Young Seok ; Park, Moo Jong ; Lee, Jung Ho ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 289~298
The flood forecast and warning system means the system which can watch and predict flood disaster in advance and is one of the representing unstructured measures to mitigate flood disaster damage. Recently if we regard the characteristic of the history of torrential rain as rapid rise of water level of river due to regional heavy rain, in the flood forecast and warning system, securing preceding prediction time necessary for evacuation time and decision making is very important element. Especially, for urban stream basin because of the characteristics of short reaching time the effective method of flood forecast and warning is essential for securing preceding time. This study suggested the analysis method and standard in order to secure preceding time for flood warning in urban stream. This method predicts the water level change in the stream when rainfall event is predicted and then upper- and down-stream water levels are considered to analysis the water level change according to the predicted rainfall depth. Uper- and down-stream water levels are respectively the water level at warning point and the backwater level at joined river point. In this study, the suggested method was applied to Soyang stream which is urban mide and samll river. For the conference for the water level conditions which are various, we composed the rainfall scenario as the standard for flood warning which considers both cumulative precipitation and rainfall duration.
Evaluation of Inherent Flood Vulnerability in Seoul Administrative Districts Using Flood Protection Capacity and Damage Matrix
Kim, Eung Seok ; Choi, Yu Jin ; Choi, Hyun Il ; Chung, Gunhui ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 299~307
Due to the rapid urbanization rate and extreme rainfall as a form of the abnormal climate, the urban flood frequency has been increased. Therefore, it is very important for the policy makers to evaluate the urban flood vulnerability and propose the corresponding flood mitigation policies. Since the interests on the urban flood mitigation is increased, many structural flood measures has been constructed. If a city has many structural flood measures, the city is considered as the flood safe city. In this study, inherent flood vulnerability is proposed using Flood Protection Capacity and Damage(PCD) matrix with the flood damage cost and constructed structural flood mitigation measures. The proposed inherent flood vulnerability method was applied in Seoul. The results are categorized by four areas such as relatively flood safe area, flood risk area, inherent flood vulnerable area, and the area where more structural flood measures are needed. Calculated inherent flood vulnerabilities were compared to the conventional flood vulnerability-resilience indices. The proposed inherent flood vulnerability showed more reasonable results. For example, Songpa and Mapo were considered as the flood safe districts because of its high financial independence rate and many constructed flood mitigation measures. However, their inherent flood vulnerability is relatively high. There results could show the comprehensive aspect on the flood mitigation policies.
Study on Stormwater Runoff Reduction Effects by LID Application Areas
Kim, Eung Seok ; Yeon, Jong Sang ; Shin, Hyun Suk ; Lee, Jong Seok ; Choi, Hyun Il ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 309~316
LID(Low Impact Development) techniques, the distributed facilities, have been recently planed and implemented for stormwater runoff reduction tools, because the centralized facilities for flood controls were limited in reducing urban stormwater runoff amount. Thus, this study has analyzed the stormwater runoff reduction effects by application areas of the representative LID element techniques such as the green roof(GR) and the permeable pavement(PP). Three selected LID features, GR, PP, and both of them(GR+PP), were respectively applied with the four installation area ratios(0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) to the actual areas of roofs and roads available in a frequently inundated basin under study utilizing SWMM(Storm Water Management Model) LID Controls. The SWMM-LID simulation results represent that the increase of installation areas of the three LID features can reduce the stormwater runoff in both peak discharges and runoff volumes. It is also observed that the GR application with 25% area ratio, the PP application with 75% area ratio, and the GR+PP application with 50% area ratio are most effective, respectively for the stormwater runoff reduction by LID installation areas.
Lake Environmental Risk Index using PSR Framework
Kim, Eung Seok ; Sim, Kuy Bum ; Chung, Gunhui ; Nam, Young Kyu ; Choi, Hyun Il ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 317~326
This study has proposed the LERI(Lake Environmental Risk Index) based on the PSR(Pressure-State-Response) framework for the environmental risk assessment in lakes due to water pollution in an integrated aspect of lake watersheds. The total 11 assessment factors were selected and constructed for the spatial resolution of the 17 lake basins in the Geum River Watershed to calculate PI(Pressure Index), SI(State Index), and RI(Response Index) in the PSR classification system. The weight coefficients for assessment factors were also calculated by the Entropy method in order to reduce subjective judgement on the effect of weight coefficients. The lake environmental risk rank results with/without the weight coefficients of assessment factors ware compared to examine the practical application of the proposed lake environmental risk assessment method. The LERI results regardless of weight coefficients indicated that the Sapgyo Lake and the Geum River Estuary are at higher risk of water pollution induced by the industrial development and land reclamation projects. The lake environmental risk rank results estimated in this study can be used for the long-term water quality analysis and management in lakes.
Study for Management of Non-point Source in Sooyeong River Watershed Using SWMM
Lee, Jeonghoon ; Kang, Dookee ; Park, Moojong ; Kim, Sangdan ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 327~336
In Sooyeong River watershed, non-point sources and CSOs(Combined Sewer Overflows) from urban-residential area are the most common causes of water pollution. This paper suggests an installation plan for non-point source facility and a priority management basin in order to promote effective prevention of non-point sources for Sooyeong River watershed using SWMM(Storm Water Management Model). Futhermore, the efficiency for suggested installation plan were analyzed.
Improvement of the Empirical Formula for Estimating Stormwater Capture Ratio of WQF Treatment BMPs
Choi, Daegyu ; Park, Moojong ; Kang, Minji ; Kim, Sangdan ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 337~343
Reduction loads of treatment BMPs can be calculated by using rainfall capture ratio which means the ratio between treated rainfall by BMPs and total annual rainfall in Korean TMDL. In this paper, Rainfall capture ratio and related terms was changed, and it is suggested the improved empirical formula of stormwater capture ratio which can consider the runoff characteristics because treatment BMPs collect not rainfall but stormwater with contaminants. We calculated the real stormwater capture ratio which can be altered by runoff coefficients by using long-term (43years, 1970-2012) rainfall data in seven rainfall stations (Busan, Daegu, Daejeon, Gangreung, Gwangju, Jeju and Seoul), and then, the empirical formula of stormwater capture ratio for WQF treatment BMPs is derived from the real stormwater capture ratio.
Parameter Estimation Methods of Rainwater Harvesting System Reliability Model for Improving the Applicability to Korea: Application to Busan, Korea
Keem, Munsung ; Kang, Dookee ; Park, Moojong ; Kim, Sangdan ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 345~354
Rainwater harvesting(RWH) system reliability model provides useful information on the RWH design since the model can generate the quantitative result, the reliability, of whether RWH system meets water utility amount of a certain region. The reliability is influenced by rainfall, water demand, and residence characteristics of the region, which can be considered as the model parameters. However, in Korea, appropriate data for estimating the parameters have not been established, so it is difficult to apply the reliability model to Korea. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the methodology to estimate the model parameters based on available data in Korea and try to improve the applicability of the model to Korea by applying the methodology to Busan, Korea. Especially, in order to consider the seasonal variability of the reliability, we generate water demand on a monthly basis that is one of the most important parameters. As a result, we observed that parameter estimations using the methodology proposed in this paper can represent the seasonal characteristics of rainfall and water demand more efficiently, and these results can help improve the model accuracy.
Review of Some Advanced Stream Environmental Assessment Systems
Chun, Seung Hoon ; Park, Sang Gil ; Chae, Soo Kwon ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 355~362
This study was carried out to suggest principles & guidelines necessary for setting up of the assessment system applied in Korean stream. The work was based on the review and discussion of advanced stream assessment techniques and its adjustment for Korean stream condition and management status. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows: Firstly, stream assessment system has been developed from the fact that geomorphological structures and chemical qualities forming stream system in the hierarchy, were closely correlated to the biological diversity through temporal and spatial scales. Therefore, Korean stream assessment system must be developed with a sufficient consideration on the characteristics of stream conditions as well as actual status of stream management. The other side, those advanced and standardized assessment system, which has been originated from a long experienced lessons on stream management, interdisciplinary knowledge and techniques, represented much logic consistence in view of basic components such as aims for assessment, establishment of assesment indicators and criteria, selection of reference conditions. Accordingly, our assessment system must be also progressed towards scientifically oriented and integrated system which reflects our real stream surroundings and also includes some principles and process and techniques reviewed in advanced system.
Development and Application of Annual Evapotranspiration Estimation Model Considering Vegetation Effect
Park, Yoonkyung ; Cho, Seonju ; Park, Moo Jong ; Kim, Sangdan ;
Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, volume 14, issue 2, 2014, Pages 363~372
The hydrologic response of watershed determined by complex process about climate-soil-vegetation. Evapotranspiration is very important component of hydrological cycle to connect climate, soil and vegetation. The research of annual evapotranspiration the watershed is primary topic for understanding hydrological cycle in watershed. A suitable model for South Korea which relates annual evapotranspiration to precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and ratio of forest considering vegetation effect, is proposed in this study. Result of the proposed model is not high quality about estimating evapotranspiration but it is better than previous model which relates annual evapotranspiration. This study is able to suggest research direction about dynamic analysis of climate-soil-vegetation.
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We pride ourselves on really listening to the client and designing an SEO strategy around that client company's individual needs and budget.
Memphis, TN (PRWEB) January 21, 2013
HigherVisibility.com, an SEO services provider based in Memphis, has been named the top SEO company in the state of Tennessee for January 2013 by TopSEOs, a site that evaluates and ranks SEO companies in the U.S. and around the world.
Search engine optimization is becoming increasingly important, as industry studies have shown that over 80% of consumers' purchasing decisions begin with a web search – whether the shopper intends to make an online purchase or to do business locally. And 95% of search engine users don't look past the first page of results. So no matter whether a business is targeting local customers in Tennessee with its SEO campaign or wants to extend its reach nationwide, achieving first page rankings for the most important and competitive keywords on top search engines such as Google, Yahoo and Bing is a must for any company.
TopSEOs uses a variety of evaluation criteria in its SEO company rankings, including needs analysis (how well the SEO firm evaluates the unique needs of its clients), keyword analysis (whether the keywords the company targets are actually competitive or simply keywords for which the client can easily achieve high rankings), the quality of the on-page and off-page optimization the SEO company performs, and ROI. TopSEOs provides detailed information about each SEO company in their rankings, from the number of clients and client retention rate to the pricing level, number of employees and much more.
"We pride ourselves on really listening to the client and designing an SEO strategy around that client company's individual needs and budget," said Adam Heitzman, one of HigherVisibility's Managing Partners. "Every company has a unique set of circumstances, so it wouldn't make sense for us to offer a cookie-cutter solution to every client. Our goal has always been to make sure our customers get the biggest bang for their buck – no matter how large or small their SEO budget may be."
HigherVisibility works with clients of all sizes, from local Memphis businesses to enterprise companies across the country and everything in between. The services HigherVisibility offers include all types of SEO – such as local SEO, SEO for ecommerce, and SEO for franchises – and also web design, email marketing, social media marketing, pay per click advertising and affiliate marketing.
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By JOHN O'CONNELL
Capital Press
AMERICAN FALLS, Idaho -- There isn't much canola grown in Eastern Idaho, but the golden-flowering stalks in Kamren Koompin's 40-acre field are unique for yet another reason.
They were developed to be herbicide resistant -- not through genetic modification but rather using a new technology expected to be more palatable with the public.
The canola variety can withstand the generic version of the herbicide Harmony Extra. It's now the subject of trials throughout much of the U.S. and Canada, with the sole Idaho trial taking place at Koompin Farms.
The San Diego-based plant trait development firm Cibus Global bred the product using a process known as site-directed mutagenesis. Cibus research agronomist Jameson Hall explained the method involves tricking a plant into changing particular alleles within a gene through a natural process the plant would undergo to repair itself. No foreign DNA is introduced.
Hall said it's his company's first product developed using the technology, which he believes enables his company to breed traits into crops faster than competitors, aside from those who use genetic modification.
"Essentially we're looking at this technology to see if we can find some healthier oils," Hall said, adding Cibus is also developing a new flax variety with a Canadian company.
The Idaho-based potato grower cooperative Naturally Enhanced United Seed has partnered with Cibus to use the same approach to develop potato seed with desirable traits. NEU Seed Executive Director Keith Esplin believes the canola trials provide reason for optimism about forthcoming potato varieties bred through mutagenesis.
"There are other companies with related technologies, but nothing quite like this," Esplin said. "We hope to go to trials in a couple of years."
The first spud product they plan to release is a non-GMO Roundup-resistant Russet Burbank.
The second variety they hope to develop would be resistant to the class of chemicals known as PPO inhibitors. Examples include Chateau by Valent and Reflex by DuPont. A PPO-resistant potato would allow growers to use the herbicides in higher doses and later in the season to get better control of weeds and to kill a wider variety of them, Esplin said.
A third variety would seek to reduce blackspot bruising in spuds.
"What really excites us is the blackspot bruise (variety)," Esplin said.
He said herbicide-resistant spuds will be developed first because the process is simpler.
"You can basically put on the herbicide, and if they grow they're tolerant, and if they don't they aren't," Esplin said.
Pamela Hutchinson, an associate professor of weed science with the University of Idaho's Aberdeen Research and Extension Center, plans to assist in variety trials of NEU Seed's non-GMO spuds.
Through conventional breeding methods, Hutchinson said, it could take 12 years to develop spuds with resistance to diseases such as late blight and PVY.
"With this technology they can develop a variety in maybe half that time," Hutchinson said.
Koompin anticipates the potato varieties will be well received by the industry.
"We would be interested probably. I imagine everybody would be," Koompin said.


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Tuesday, June 15, 2010
Wednesday, June 2, 2010
Pretty cool picture!!!!
Sometimes we receive some pretty cool pictures in with repair requests. Check out this one from Tony Arcuri and read the back story that goes along with it.
"Long story short, Started playing guitar when I was 5 years old. Went to the 1966 Allegheny Guitar and Accordion competition and did not place. Pretty bummed out. My dad said that if I won 1st place overall in 1967, he would buy me any guitar I want. I spent 1 whole year practicing 1 song. Malaguena. Lo & behold I won. So, at my guitar teachers I was going through the catalogs and saw the firebird. The only reason I wanted it was because of the cool firebird emblem on the pickguard. Guess I lucked out! Gibson took a year to make this for me. ($50 up-charge!)"
Tuesday, June 1, 2010
Martin 00-18 Bridge Rebuild
One of the cool things about this job is that although we are Gibson, we do take in repairs from any manufacturer. We recently got a Martin 00-18 in that had the portion of the bridge in front of the saddle broken off completely. The remainder of the bridge was still well adhered to the top of the guitar but we decided it would make for a more stable repair if we were to remove the bridge in its entirety. Unfortunately, I don't have any of the 'Before' pictures but I did think to take some pictures of the repair in process and also the final product.
It was sort of a challenge finding the most suitable way to repair the bridge. Once it was decided that reattaching the front with epoxy was the best route, the issue was how to properly clamp everything up for the best end result. The larger portion of the bridge was mounted to a flat piece of wood via two screws in the outer 'E' pin holes.
Once that was secure, we mounted some small clamps on the front side in which we could place adequate pressure on the front of the bridge as it was being reattached.
We had the setup on top of wax paper to prevent the bridge from being glued to the work surface. After everything was glued up, we did a little bit of sanding to get rid of the excess glue and then it was ready to put back on the guitar with the help of some good old hide glue, just like it was originally.
Once everything had dried, we put the bone saddle back in and threw on some strings. It's now ready for many more years of play.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Kix Brooks Goldtop J-200
Earlier this year, one of the B&D crew dropped off one of Kix's main stage guitars. This thing has been around the world several times and has the road scars to show it. If you've ever seen Kix on stage, you know he can put his guitars through the wringer. We've had this guitar in the shop before for a 1,000,000 mile tune up, but that wasn't the case this time. This time it was in need of repair to some serious side cracks, complements of careless airline baggage handlers. Sometimes, not even a hardshell case can protect your guitar from a good toss. Here's a look at the damage:
Yup, those are some pretty serious side cracks. This was going to require a repair that was done in a few stages rather than all at once. Here are some pictures of the clamping process:
After everything was all glued up and back in place, we had to remove the finish from that area as the original was cracked and chipped pretty bad.
Now we were faced with touching up the finish in a way that would blend nicely with the remaining finish and would make the repair least visible. Here's the final product:
All the cracks are stable and the finish looks great. You really have to look to tell that it had been mishandled. It's now ready to go back in the hands of Kix.
Here's Gibson Repair Luthier, Dusty Lummus, showing off his fine craftsmanship.
Wednesday, May 19, 2010
Repair Bench Oddity #1
- Welcome back to the Gibson Repair and Restoration blog. From time to time, we get some really cool instruments in that are not your typical Les Pauls or J-45s. Today we will feature a Gibson HG-24 (HG=Hawaiian Guitar). A couple of cool features of this guitar include the "inner walls" and the 4 f-holes on the top. There is no serial # or factory order # on this guitar, but we can speculate that it was likely made between 1929-1933. It features some beautiful Brazilian Rosewood back and sides with the inner walls being made of mahogany. The headstock is inlaid with a pearl Gibson logo and a pearl fleur-de-lis. A very interesting guitar. The pictures show the guitar in the condition that it arrived and the 'in-progress' condition.
Tuesday, May 18, 2010
From the Repair Archives...Kings of Leon
After the incident and some cooling time, the KOL camp approached the Gibson Repair shop to make the needed repairs to his guitar. For the complete story with photo slide show, click HERE.
Welcome to the new Gibson Repair and Restoration blog. The purpose of this blog is to let you know what is going on in the repair shop. You'll see information on cool/unusual instruments, repairs, artist instruments, and we'll even throw in the occasional "What's on our mind" post. Be sure to check back often for updates and feel free to contact us any time. Be sure to visit www.Gibson.com!