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C6: Chemical Synthesis
- Created by: emmacram
- Created on: 23-11-15 18:04
Chemicals are all around us and we depend on them daily. Chemical synthesis is the process by which raw materials are made into useful products such as food additives, fertilisers, dyestuffs, pigments, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and paints.
The chemical industry makes bulk chemicals, such as sulfuric acid and ammonia, on a very large scale (millions of tonnes per year). Fine chemicals, such as drugs and pesticides, are made on a much smaller scale.
The range of chemicals made in industry and laboratories in the UK are as follows: Pharmaceuticals 31.5%, paint, varnishes and printing inks 8%, agrochemicals 3%, industrial glass 5%, dyes and pigments 3%, basic inorganics 2.5%, basic organics 12%, fertilisers 1%, plastic and synthetic rubber 7.5%, synthetic fibres 2%, other specialities 13% and soaps, toiletries and cleaning preparations 11.5%.
Many of the raw materials are hazardous, therefore it is important to recognise the standard hazard symbols and understand the necessary precautions that need to be taken.
The pH Scale
The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution, across a 14-point scale. Acids are substances that have a pH less than 7. Bases are the oxides and hydroxides of metals. Those which are soluble are called alkalis and they have a pH greater than 7.
Indicators such as litmus paper, universal indicator and pH meters are used to detect whether a substance is acidic or alkaline. The pH of a substance is measured using a full range indicator, such as universal indicator solution or a pH meter.
Acidic compounds produce aqueous hydrogen ions when they dissolve in water. Some common acids are; citric acid - solid, tartaric acid - solid, nitric acid - liquid, sulfuric acid - liquid, ethanoic acid - liquid, hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid) - gas.
Alkalis produce aqueous hydroxide ions when they dissolve in water. Some common alkalis are; sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.
When an acid and a base are mixed together in the correct amounts, they 'cancel' each other out. This reaction is called neutralisation because the solution that remains has a neutral pH of 7.
Acid + Base ----------// Neutral salt solution + Water
A balanced equation for a chemical reaction shows the relative numbers of atoms and molecules of reactants and products taking part in the reaction.
During neutralisation, the hydrogen ions from the acid react with the hydroxide ions from the alkali to make water. The simplest way of writing a neutralisation equation is:
H+ (aq) +OH- (aq) ------------// H20 (l)
The salt produced during neutralisation depends on the metal in the base and the acid used. Hydrochloric acid produces chloride salts; sulfuric acid produces sulfate salts; and nitric acid produces nitrate salts.
Writing Formulae
- Sodium chloride NaCl
- Potassium chloride KCl
- Sodium carbonate Na2CO3
- Sodium nitrate NaNO3
- Sodium sulfate Na2SO4
- Magnesium sulfate MgSO4
- Magnesium carbonate MgCO3
- Magnesium oxide MgO
- Magnesium chloride MgCl2
- Calcium carbonate CaCO3
- Calcium chloride CaCl2
- Chlorine Cl2
- Hydrogen H2
- Nitrogen N2
- Oxygen 02
Energy Changes & Exothermic Reactions
When chemical reactions occur, energy is transferred to or from the surroundings. Therefore, many chemical reactions are accompanied by a temperature change.
Exothermic reactions are accompanied by a temperature rise. They transfer heat energy to the surroundings, i.e. they give out heat. The combustion of carbon is an example of an exothermic reaction: carbon + oxygen-----// carbon dioxide C +O2 ---------// CO2
It is not only reactions between fuels and oxygen that are exothermic. Neutralising alkalis with acids and many oxidation reactions also give out heat.
The energy change in an exothermic reaction can be shown using an energy-level diagram. Energy is lost to the surroundings during the reaction, so the products have less energy than the reactants.
Endothermic Reactions
Endothermic reactions are accompanied by a fall in temperature. Heat is transferred from the surroundings, i.e. they take in heat. The reaction between citric acid and sodium hydrogencarbonate is an example of an endothermic chemical reaction. Dissolving ammonium nitrate crystals in water is an example of a physical change that is exothermic.
Ammonium nitrate + Water ----// Ammonium nitrate solution.
NH4NO3 (s) + H2O (l) ------// NH4NO3 (aq)
Thermal decomposition is also an example of an endothermic reaction.
The energy change in an endothermic reaction can be shown using an energy-level diagram. Energy is taken in during the reaction, so the products have more energy than the reactants.
Since energy changes play a major role in chemical reactions, it is very important that these changes are managed during chemical synthesis. For example, there could be a nasty accident if too much energy was given out during a reaction.
Chemical Synthesis
Whenever chemical synthesis takes place, the starting materials (reactants) react to produce new substances (products). The greater the amount of reactants used, the greater the amount of product formed. The percentage yield can be calculated by comparing the actual amount of product made (actual yield) with the amount of product you would expect to get if the reaction goes to completion (theoretical yield). Percentage yield = Actual yield/Theoretical yield X 100
Stages of Chemical Synthesis of an Inorganic Compound:
- Establish the reaction or series of reactions that are needed in order to produce the product.
- Carry out a risk assessment.
- Calculate the quantities of reactants to use.
- Carry out the reaction under suitable conditions, e.g. temperature, concentration and presence of a catalyst.
- Separate the product from the reaction mixture.
- Purify the product to ensure it is not contaminated by other products or reactants (e.g. by evaporation, crystallisation or drying in an oven or desiccator).
- Measure the yield,
- Check the purity (e.g. by titration) to make sure you have made the correct product.
Chemical Synthesis (Cont)
Steps to make sodium chloride:
- NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) -------// NaCl (aq) +H2O (l)
- Wear safety glasses and use dilute hydrochloric acid.
- Calculate the quantities of reactants (shown on next notecard).
- Measure out 25cm3 of hydrochloric acid in a measuring cylinder and pour it into a beaker.
- Add a few drops of indicator, such as phenolphthalein, which will stay colourless unless alkali is present. Alternatively, use a pH meter to follow the reaction.
- Slowly add sodium hydroxide until the indicator changes or the pH meter reads 7. Pink is the alkali colour for phenolphthalein.
- Mix a spatula of activated charcoal (charcoal treated with oxygen) into the solution. The indicator molecules will be absorbed onto the surface of the charcoal. Filter to remove both the activated charcoal and the indicator.
- Remove the water by gently heating the solution to evaporate and form crystals after cooled.
- Wash the crystals to remove any excess NaOH and dry in a desiccator or oven.
- Weigh the mass and calculate the percentage yield.
- Check the purity by titration.
Quantities of Reactants and Products
In order to work out how much of each reactant is required to make a known amount of product, you must understand:
- that a balanced equation shows the relative number of atoms or molecules of reactants and products taking part in the reaction.
- that the relative atomic mass of an element shows the mass of its atoms relative to the mass of other atoms.
- that relative atomic masses of elements can be found from the periodic table.
- how to calculate the relative atomic mass
- how to substitute the relative formula masses and data into a given mathematical formula to calculate the reacting masses and/or products from a chemical reaction.
- how to work out the ratio of the mass of reactants to the mass of products.
- how to apply the ratio to the question.
Titration can be used to calculate the concentration of an acid, such as citric acid, by finding out how much alkali is needed to neutralise it.
1. Fill a burette with the alkali sodium hydroxide (the conentration of the alkali must be known) and take an initial reading of the volume.
2. Accurately weigh out a 4g sample of solid citric acid and dissolve it in 100cm3 of distilled water.
3. Use a pipette to measure 25cm3 of the aqueous citric acid and put it into a conical flask. Add a few drops of the indicator, phenolphthalein, to the conical flask. The indicator will stay colourless. Place the flask on a white tile under the burette.
4. Add the alkali from the burette to the acid in the flask drop by drop.Swirl the flask to ensure it mixes well. Near the end of the reaction, the indicator will start to turn pink.Keep swirling and adding the alkali until the indicator is completely pink, showing that the citric acid has been neutralised. Record the final burette reading. Work out the volume of alkali added from: volume=final reading - initial reading.
Repeat the whole procedure until you get two results that are within +/- 0.05cm3
Rates of Reactions
The rate of a chemical reaction is the amount of reaction that takes place in a given unit of time. Chemical reactions only occur when the reacting particles collide with each other with sufficient energy to react. Chemical reactions can proceed at different speeds, e.g. rusting is a slow reaction, whereas burning is a fast reaction.
The rate of a chemical reaction can be found in different ways:
- Weighing the reaction mixture - If one of the products is a gas, you could weigh the reaction mixture at timed intervals. The mass of the mixture will decrease.
- Measuring the volume of gas produced - You could use a gas syringe to measure the total volume of gas produced at timed intervals.
- Observing the formation of a precipitate - This can be done by either watching a cross (on a tile underneath the conical flask to see when the cross disappears) in order to measure the formation of a precipitate or by monitoring a colour change using a light sensor which will lead to a more reliable and accurate results as there is a definite end point. There are also more data points collected, especially if it is interfaced with a computer.
- Observing the loss of colour or loss of a precipitate - This is essentially the opposite of the previous one.
Analysing the Rate of Reaction
Graphs can be plotted to show the progress of a chemical reaction - there are three things to remember:
1. The steeper the line, the faster the reaction.
2. When one of the reactants is used up, the reaction stops (line becomes flat).
3. The same amount of product is formed from the same amount of reactants , irrespective of rate.
Changing the Rate of Reaction
There are four important factors that affect the rate of reaction - temperature, concentration of dissolved reactants, surface area and the use of a catalyst.
1. Temperature of the Reactants - In a cold reaction mixture, the particles move quite slowly. They will collide less often, with less energy, so fewer collisions will be successful. In a hot reaction mixture, the particles move more quickly. They will collide more often, with greater energy, so many more collisions will be successful.
2. Concentration of the Dissolved Reactants - In a low concentration reaction, the particles are spread out. The particles will collide with each other less often, resulting in fewer successful collisions. In a high concentration reaction, the particles will collide with each other more often, resulting in many more successful collisions.
3. Surface Area of Solid Reactants - Large particles (e.g. solid lumps) have a small surface area in relation to their volume, meaning fewer particles are exposed and available for collisions. This means that particles will collide with each other less often, resulting in fewer successful collisions and therefore a slow rate of reaction. Small particles have a large surface area in relation to their volume so more particles are exposed and available for collisions. This means that particles will collide with each other more often, resulting in more successful collisions and a faster rate of reaction.
Changing the Rate of Reaction.
4. Using a catalyst - A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction, without being changed during the process. Consider the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide: Hydrogen peroxide --------// Water + Oxygen.........2H2O2 (aq) --------// 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)
We can measure the rate of this reaction by measuring the amount of oxygen given off at one-minute intervals. This reaction happens very slowly unless we add a catalyst of manganese(IV) oxide. With a catalyst, plenty of fizzing can be seen as the oxygen is given off.
The same amount of gas is given off,but it takes a far shorter time when a catalyst is present.
Catalysts work by lowering the amount of energy needed for a successful collision. They are specific to a particular reaction amd are not used up during the reaction. Consequently, only small amounts are needed.
Collision Theory
Chemical reactions only occur when particles collide with each other with sufficient energy. Increasing temperature causes an increase in the kinetic energy of the particles, i.e. they move a lot faster. This results in more energetic collisions happening more frequently. The minimum energy required for a reaction will, therefore, be achieved more often, resulting in a greater rate of reaction.
An increase in concentration or surface area results in more frequent collisions and, therefore, more collisions that are sufficiently energetic for a reaction to occur.
Controlling a Chemical Reaction
When carrying out a chemical synthesis on an industrial scale, there are also economic, safety and environmental factors to consider:
- The rate of manufacture must be high enough to produce a sufficient daily yield of product.
- Percentage yield must be high enough to produce a sufficient daily yield of product.
- A low percentage yield is acceptable, providing the reaction can be repeated many times with recycled starting materials.
- Optimum conditions should be used that give the lowest cost rather than the fastest reaction or highest percentage yield.
- Care must be taken when using any reactants or products that could harm the environment if there was a leak.
- Care must be taken to avoid putting any harmful by-products into the environment.
- A complete risk assessment must be carried out, and the necessary precautions taken.
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Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first cleveland.com user to add photos or videos of Bonnies Pet Grooming Boutique
Before going to Bonnies, I had taken my Shih Tzu to multiple other groomers, all of whom were disappointing: cut eyelashes, uneven trimming, not cleaning his ears or squeezing his glands.
So when I found her, it was so wonderful!!! She is so friendly, and so COMPETENT!! She cuts his hair wonderfully, always tries to squeeze him in if I need a last minute cut, and leaves him smelling great for weeks.
If you haven't tried her- you should!
+ Always willing to squeeze you in
Bonnies Pet Groomg Boutique was founded in 2006. Bonnies Pet Groomg Boutique specializes in Pets And Pet Supplies.
Bonnie's Pet Grooming Boutique is located at 7764 Beechmont Ave, Cincinnati, OH. This location is in the Forestville neighborhood. This business specializes in Dog Grooming.

subset: commoncrawl


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They say that sibling rivalry usually stems from a place of love – but is that the case when it comes to cars? Well, we are about to find out.
Cars, especially performance cars, are pitted against each other almost everyday. People have their favourites and they always want to put their baby up against another car to prove that they are the best, fastest and most powerful. Thus, it's nothing new to see two cars go head-to-head to claim victory over the other vehicle.
However, its not everyday that the two cars being put up against each other is, well, basically-sort-of the same car. Except not at all. Am I confusing you? Allow me to explain.
Recently, the people over at Evo decided to pit a BMW M5 against a BMW M4 – what some would call it's modern sibling. (more…)
If a solid drag race is what you're after, then this next video will totally be worth the watch.
This video shows a Tesla Model S go up against a BMW M5. The Tesla has been getting a lot of attention lately, so it will be interesting to see how it holds up against a M5.
The video was filmed during Automobile Magazine's 2013 Automobile of the Year testing.
So, without further a due, check out the drag race below:
G-Power has brought on the new Hurricane GS, based on the BMW M5 (E60). They claim this model to be the fastest LPG-powered vehicle on the planet. The Hurricane GS has clinched the fastest LPG car title from the AC Schnitzer GP3.10 gas powered BMW 3-Series Coupe (E92) which hit a top speed of 318.1 km/h.
It is finally quits for the E60 BMW M5. Ending five years of production, the carmaker had rolled out only 20,548 units of the fourth-generation M5. And ever since BMW went in for the five door variant, only 1,025 BMW M5 Touring units were built.
The E60 BMW M5 had been noted for its 5.0-liter V10 petrol engine that brought to the fore 509 horsepower (380 kW / 516 PS), and up to 520 Nm (380 ft-lb) of torque. We have seen it race from 0-100 km/h in just 4.2 seconds when BMW married the engine to a seven-speed SMG or a six-speed manual transmission. The model had capabilities to touch 337 km/h (209 mph), and its speed was electronically-limited to 249 km/h (155 mph).
The car maker is seriously looking at altering its assembly line in Germany's Dingolfing, so that it can go ahead with the planned production of the F10 M5. This fifth-generation M5 could come with a 4.4-liter twin-turbo V8 and is seen as capable enough to return 570 hp (425 kW / 578 PS), and up to 680Nm (502 ft-lb) of torque. Sounds good!
Not sure what to buy between the BMW M5, the Audi S6 or the Mercedes E63 AMG? Here's something that may help you decide. I'd go for the E63 to be honest … how about you guys?
The big brands are all out there in the cold testing their automobiles to adjudge how well they will perform once they hit the factory floor. The latest catch is the 2011 BMW M5 more specifically known as the BMW M5 F10.
The heavily camouflaged traction-control test mule reveals sculpted door panels and side sills along with a kidney grille. Other exterior and interior traits of the mid-segment emperor have been nicely clad but what are already public are the details of its 4.4-liter bi-turbo V8 engine. The plant under the hood churns 578hp at 531-lb-ft of torque which helps the upcoming M5 reach 100km/h in 4.4 seconds. Compare this 0 to 100km/h timing with the E60 M5 and you will discover that the next-gen model is 0.3 seconds quicker. The 2011 model will also feature a version of the kinetic energy recovery system which will improve the overall efficiency by 30% help the M5 F10 achieve 24mpg when the sedan hits the road in Spring next year. [via ]
Been trying to find out who'd win if the BMW M5 and the BMW F1 would race on the track? The folks from Fifth Gear have the answer and it's in the video below.
I don't know if there are many passionate drivers that would say no to a BMW M5. It's among the most powerful sedans that one could buy and that makes it a very interesting car. But what do we have here? A BMW M5 ad that won't show you lines and curves of a car but a funny puppy that was pushed under the seat.
The ad says "The new BMW M5. Never underestimate the influence of the centrifugal force."
I bet they are trying to say it's damn powerful and they managed (at least with me).


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Adds a shortcode for not-safe-for-work content that actually prevents loading of the
inappropriate content from the server until requested by the user. Just wrap any offending
content in [nsfw][/nsfw] and your post will bypass even restrictive work filters. Users
can then click a link that will reload the full uncensored version of the page. By default,
censored text is padded to take up roughly the same amount of space as the original content.
The first censored item in a post will be labeled "[Not Safe for Work. Click to View.]" and all
censored items after that will be labeled "[NSFW]" for brevity.
If you want to force long or short forms instead of using long first and short after,
just define MSFW_USE_FORM as either 'long' or 'short' in your functions.php like so:
Using pad='false' you can disable padding of censored content:
[nsfw pad='false']
If you want to default padding to off, just define MSFW_PADDING as false in your functions.php:
Using 'type', you can choose method of censorship:
[nsfw type='reload'] # Default method. Click reloads page with revealed content.
[nsfw type='deleted'] # NEVER show content. Note that it still appears in areas of your sitethat don't filter shortcodes.
[nsfw type='spoiler'] # content is just hidden, rollover reveals content. Actually works with images/links/different color text.
[nsfw type='comment'] # content is in an html comment, nothing is displayed on site.
If you want to change the default type, just define MSFW_DEFAULT_TYPE in your functions.php:
You can change any of the text either via translation or the following way:
define('MSFW_LONG_FORM','[Not Safe for Work. Click to View.]');
define('MSFW_PAD_STR',' ');
This is the first release of this plugin. The following features are not currently implemented
but are planned for future versions:
* blacked-out area to match content size and shape exactly
* blacked-out area checks and explains if there are images hidden or just text
* automatic PICS-Label meta tags on posts that use [nsfw]
* javascript "click to view" options
- Upload the plugin folder to the
- Activate the plugin through the 'Plugins' menu in WordPress
- Use the [nsfw] or [msfw] shortcode to flag your content as not-safe-for-work
- Is this compatible with the original NSFW plugin (https://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/nsfw/)?
Yes. If you have that one installed, we use [msfw] (Make Safe For Work) instead of [nsfw] so that
you can have access to both methods depending on how you want to censor your content.
- This plugin does a lot more than just nsfw, can you change the shortcode to [new_shortcode] instead?
The shortcodes created are from an array called $msfw_shortcodes so if you want to rename
it, just create your own array in your functions.php like so:
$msfw_shortcodes = array('new_shortcode');
Alternatively, if you want to shortcode directly to a type or padding setting, you can use something like this:
$mswf_shortcodes = array('spoilers'=>array('type'=>'spoiler','pad'=>false));
- Will this affect my search engine optimization?
Some people say search engines could consider this method duplicate content and penalize you for it,
but realistically there won't be any difference. Even though I don't personally believe that you'll be
penalized for this, in a future version, I will include search engine directives to tell them to only index
one of the two versions of the page as well as an optional PICS-Label meta tag.
Contributors & Developers
"Make Safe For Work" is open source software. The following people have contributed to this plugin.Contributors
Translate "Make Safe For Work" into your language.
Interested in development?
Browse the code, check out the SVN repository, or subscribe to the development log by RSS.
- created options for types of censoring
- created options for padding
- created shortcodes


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Hey everyone, so I wanted to do this for a while and figured why not now. I have wanted to write a blog about my experiences both coaching and competing, and figured I'd post it here to see if this has traction. Feel free to comment over there- with the lack of action on the board for anyone except for a few, maybe a new place would be beneficial.
Just followed your wordpress I think this is a great idea!
You might be able to set up a plugin that will pipe your blog into the IP.Board. I've got a blog-board plugin at my SMF forum that's pretty easy to work with.
I don't know what any of that means Dean, but I'd love to do it.
I made a second post, this time focusing a bit more on ways to recruit and a little bit on varsities: https://theacadecguy.wordpress.com/2018/01/25/how-to-build-an-acadec-team-part-2-recruiting/
^ I've got several blogs that pipe content into that part of my forum. I go to the blog plugin, enter the URL of the blog's RSS feed, add a title for the blog, hit save, and the entries roll in.
Although, I look for an IPB app that does what I'm talking about and it looks like it'll cost $30. Dang, SMF stuff be for free...
Well, I finally posted another one. This time it's mostly written by my students. I apologize if this get under anyone's skin, but they needed to get some stuff off their chest and I endorse most of what they say. I need to figure out how to create pdfs of the rubrics they created so I can upload those as well.
Judge training is difficult, at best. You'll always have judges that showed up late because of their schedule, last-minute replacements, and the like. That's just how these events are put together.
That then means you also get judges that are grading like they really don't care at all about what they're doing. There should be a way to simply drop those judges' scores if they're going like... straight 2s except for one kid that gets 10s. Or straight 10s except for one kid that gets 2s. We don't need Santa Claus or The Grinch in as judges. We need people that are putting some thought into this.
I'm not saying you do the room thing with essay, just speech and interview. The essay rubric needs its own rework.
Why not make the essay test an essay *grading* test. Students have to grade for both grammar mistakes as well as poor construction of arguments. Provide 3-5 essays of varying quality and have the students see how close they can get to the actual grade. They have to list where they see errors in grammar as well as where they can spot flawed arguments or poor parallel construction, stuff like that.
Got another post this weekend- it rapidly went off the rails before becoming focused back on what I wanted it to be about. Lots of stuff covered, hope y'all enjoy:
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Student Research Projects
Determining the Efficacy of Soil Solarization and Mustard Seed Meal Treatments for Soil-borne Pest Control in Virginia Annual Plasticulture Strawberry Production
|Mikel Conway '14
|Faculty Mentor(s)
|Earth and Environmental Sciences
|BIO 489: Research in Natural Sciences
Under conventional farming systems, fumigants such a 1, 3-Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin are typically used by berry and vegetable growers to sterilize soil and control soil borne pests. Due to the damaging effects on the environment and human health, regulations are imposed, making fumigation a difficult practice. Comparison studies of weed seed solarization using plastic barriers are alternative options for fumigants used on strawberry crops. Studies using different plastic options combined with other less invasive pest controls are beneficial for growers, public education, scientific research and the environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of different non-chemical treatments on weed seed viability on four weed seed species commonly found in strawberry crop production. Species observed: Poa annua (annual bluegrass), Digitaria sanguinalis (hairy crabgrass), Stellaria media (common chickweed) and Lamium amplexicaule (henbit).


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Punjab Sindh Awas is a budget category hotel located at the beautiful Kedarnath town in close proximity to the famous pilgrimage Kedarnath temple in Uttarakhand. The hotel is set in a very beautiful location surrounded by the mountain peaks and offers a majestic view of the valleys. In 2013 floods, only this hotel remain least affected and survived from major damage. The hotel provides a good value of money with its facilities and services such as comfortable accommodation with basic facilities, delicious pure vegetarian food, laundry service, room services etc. offered with warm hospitality and at very affordable prices. The hotel is certainly a good option for pilgrims to Kedarnath temple, who are seeking a fine budget hotel with descent facilities.
Punjab Sindh Awas hotel provides a pleasant and convenient accommodation in its double and four bedded family rooms. All the rooms are well-furnished, elegantly designed and well-equipped with the modern amenities to provide a comfortable stay for the tourists. All rooms have attached bathroom with hot and cold water facility, room service, comfortable beds, chairs etc.
Room Type
Hotel Punjab Sindh Awas room tariff starts from Rs. 800/- per room per night.
Hotel Punjab Sindh Awas Hotel is located at Kedarnath in Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand, near main market of Kedarnath. Nearest airport is Jolly Grant airport at Dehradun, which is about 238 km from Kedarnath. Haridwar railway station and Rishikesh railway station are the two major nearby railway station, which are located at a distance of about 242 km and 219 km away respectively from Kedarnath town.
Nearby tourist locations to visit from Hotel Punjab Sindh Awas, Kedarnath: Kedarnath Temple, Chorabari Tal, Gaurikund, Vasuki Tal, Shankaracharya Samadhi, Triyuginarayan Temple.
Hotel Punjab Sindh Awas Kedarnath
Main Market, Near Post Office,
Kedarnath, Rudraprayag District,
Uttarakhand, India
We would be glad if you can comment below and provide your valuable suggestions and feedback on Hotel Punjab Sindh Awas. If this Hotel Punjab Sindh Awas page have any wrong information/list or out of context content, then you can report us as well.
If you have any questions, you can also ask as in the following comments section. Our team will try to provide you answers/solutions.
I want to visit on 5th May 2018. Please give details or contact us. My no. is XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXX.
I want to visit Kedarnath 12th Oct,16-13th Oct,16, Kindly let me know the tariff for double bed room with attached bathroom.
and the distence between Kedarnath temple & the Hotel.
I want to visit Kedarnath temple during 15-30 of June,2016.(we are 2 persons)
Kindly let me know the following:
-places to visit near hotel/Kedarnath
-distance of Kedarnath temple/other places
From your hotel
-tariff for double seated rooms


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Katniss and Bella—Getting to the Heart of the Matter
The author, a student at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, argues that the distance between the teen heroes in "The Twilight Saga" and "The Hunger Games Trilogy" may not be as great as it seems.
How is it that pop culture can simultaneously embrace two completely opposite female heroes at once?
In case you missed it, the two characters are Bella Swan of "The Twilight Saga" and Katniss Everdeen from "The Hunger Games Trilogy."
On the surface level, they are quite different. Bella is a clumsy, awkward teenager who doesn't seem to have a personality. (She won't even tell us what search engine she uses!) Her existence revolves around her boyfriend and the other men in her life. The boyfriend, Edward Cullen, has primacy; Bella shifts her entire world so that she can be with him.
Katniss is an athletic, strong young woman who hunts small game so she, her mother and sister can all eat. Her desires are simple, she wants to ensure the survival of those she loves. (I say "young woman" because it's clear Katniss has a mental maturity that Bella simply doesn't).
This is the biggest difference between the characters: where their motivations lie. Bella wants to be loved by her vampire boyfriend and wants to be by his side always. She's willing to risk life, limb and anything else to keep him in her life forever.
Katniss' motivations are a bit murkier. It's clear she wants to provide for her family and escape poverty. We also know she isn't by any means a fan of the totalitarian Capitol, where she is sent to train for the games. However, her feelings toward potential love interests Gale Hawthorne and Peeta Mellark aren't always explicit in her narration. It's difficult to say what Katniss would be doing if she weren't providing for her family. What Katniss dreams of doing if she had a choice remains a mystery.
There is also one other key difference: Bella watches and Katniss acts. Bella is often an observer of violence; Katniss is forced to be a participant.
However, Bella and Katniss have more in common than feminist critics like to think they do. Both narrate their stories. Both are teenagers. Both live in fantasy worlds. Both are involved in keeping their families fed: Bella cooks, Katniss hunts. Both are from non-traditional homes, Bella has divorced parents, Katniss' father died in an accident. In that same vein, both characters have complicated relationships with their mothers: Bella decides to move to Forks because her mother remarries; Katniss loves and resents her mother because she breaks down after Katniss' father dies.
Both are involved in love-triangles, where curiously the young man with lighter features "wins." And at the end of their respective series, both heroines—to a certain extent—end up fulfilling traditional roles as wives and mothers. (Katniss says she doesn't want to have children in the first book of the trilogy, but ends up doing so at the end of the third book). They try to re-establish a "normal" life with their partners.
Both book series are wildly popular among multiple age brackets. The movie adaptations are also very profitable. "Breaking Dawn Part 1" has made more than $280 million dollars, according to Boxofficemojo.com. "The Hunger Games" series has earned $19.75 million and that's just from the midnight showings. CNN reports that "The Hunger Games" is the third best debut in box office history, behind only "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2" and "The Dark Knight."
One might argue that because the "Twilight Saga" is ending its run in theaters just as "The Hunger Games" has started that a cultural shift has occurred. Perhaps the Artemis archetype that Jean Shinoda Bolen discusses in "Goddesses in Everywoman" has returned full-force into the mainstream media. (If Katniss isn't an Artemis woman, I'll eat my hat). And the more traditional woman like Bella, the Demeter-Persephone archetype, is fading.
However, this is certainly not the case. Katniss is an independent, strong character who makes her own decisions. But she ends with a more traditional life. She, too, is used by those who would merely accomplish their own goals. Yes, Katniss does defy authority more than a few times, but she also willingly becomes a symbol. If that's not objectification, what is?
The verdict is fairly simple, while Katniss is light-years ahead of Bella's boys-and-baby obsessed brain, Katniss does adhere to some fairly traditional norms. We still have further to go.
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As of December 2007, there are three significant efforts to Draft Mike Bloomberg to run for the presidency in 2008.
He extended the city's smoking ban to all commercial establishments and implemented a trans fat ban in restaurants. He also launched a program called Opportunity NYC which is the nation's first-ever conditional cash transfer pilot program designed to help New Yorkers break the cycle of poverty in the city.
As mayor, Bloomberg has made trips to Mexico, England, Ireland, and Israel in the first four months of 2007, during his consideration of a Presidential campaign
Bloomberg does not reside in Gracie Mansion, the official mayor's mansion, but at his own home elsewhere on the Upper East Side (17 East 79th Street between Madison and Fifth Avenues). He maintains his home address in the white pages and is known to ride the subway to City Hall every morning, even during periods of heightened terrorist alert.
Bloomberg currently serves as an ex-officio trustee of the Museum of Modern Art.
Bloomberg was re-elected mayor in November 2005 by a margin of 20%, the widest margin ever for a Republican mayor of New York
Bloomberg's election marked the first time in New York City history that two Republicans had been elected mayor consecutively.
In addition to being the Republican nominee, Bloomberg had the ballot line of the controversial Independence Party, in which "Social Therapy" leaders Fred Newman and Lenora Fulani exert strong influence.
Forbes and other sources report his net worth at $5.5 billion.
On November 6, 2006, Bloomberg was elected mayor of New York City.
New York City's billionaire mayor, Michael Bloomberg, cruised to re-election after spending more than $70 million of his personal fortune on his campaign
Bloomberg has a building named after him at his alma mater, Johns Hopkins University.
Release of Bloomberg financial documents in June 2002 shows he lost $500,000 on his investment as exec producer of Focus (2001/I).
On January 1, 2002, Bloomberg was sworn in as mayor of New York City.
He is dating New York state banking superintendent, Diana Taylor.
In 2007, Time 100 named Michael as one of 100 most influential people in the world.
Michael was born at St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Boston's Brighton neighborhood.
Michael gave $100 million to his alma mater, Johns Hopkins University.
In 1981, he created Bloomberg Financial Markets.
He was married to Yorkshire-born Susan Brown. After 19 years of marriage, the couple divorced in 1993.
Bloomberg is Jewish.
Bloomberg has a home in Bermuda.
In March 2007, he was ranked 142nd by Forbes magazine in its list of the The World's Billionaires.
Although he is a lifelong Democrat, he ran as a Republican and was elected mayor of New York City in 2001.
He is the founder of Bloomberg L.P.
Bloomberg's daughters are Georgina Bloomberg and Emma Bloomberg.
At Harvard Business School, he received his MBA degree.
Michael is 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m) tall.
At Johns Hopkins University, he joined Phi Kappa Psi.
Michael graduated from Johns Hopkins University.
In September 2006, he was ranked 44th by Forbes magazine in its list of 400 Richest Americans.
Bloomberg is a Republican.
Bloomberg is the 108th Mayor of New York City.
Michael R. Bloomberg: This is the city of dreamers and time and again it's the place where the greatest dream of all, the American dream, has been tested and has triumphed.
Michael: This society cannot go forward, the way we have been going forward, where the gap between the rich and the poor keeps growing.
Michael: There are days when you wake up and you read the newspapers and you want to shoot yourself. I'm always fascinated to find out where I was yesterday and what I said.
Michael: (After he switched his party status from Republican to unaffiliated) Although my plans for the future haven't changed, I believe this brings my affiliation into alignment with how I have led and will continue to lead our city.


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Monitor Writer Heads Home After Release in Belgrade
Two days after his release from a Bosnian Serb prison, Monitor writer David Rohde was expected to arrive in Boston today to be reunited with his family.
Mr. Rohde spent 10 days in captivity and was released after the intervention of Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic under pressure from US officials at the Bosnian peace talks in Dayton, Ohio. Serbian forces delivered him to US officials in Belgrade Wednesday after they took him out of Bosnian territory. A US Embassy physician found him in good health. Rohde said he had been treated fairly well during his captivity.
He told his family and editors that he was eager to write about his investigation and experience. Rohde entered Bosnian Serb territory Oct. 29 to further investigate the July massacre of thousands of Muslim civilians. In August, he reported the first on-the-ground evidence of the massacre.
The US
''There are no chances'' of avoiding a government shutdown next week, the White House said yesterday. President Clinton is not satisfied with a stopgap measure passed by the House Wednesday to put the government on a diet - with most programs operating at 60-percent strength - through Dec. 1.
''Thursday will be a decisive day,'' a senior Balkan official at the Dayton, Ohio, peace talks said. Mediators were set to unveil key elements of a possible accord to the warring parties. To be addressed in the documents: a constitutional structure for a postwar unified Bosnia, redrawing the map, and the status of the capital, Sarajevo.
The White House was successful in passing through 1995 Whitewater hearings unscathed because then-White House Counsel Lloyd Cutler had help from the Treasury Department, said the Senate Whitewater Committee yesterday. Treasury provided the White House with testimony from its own Whitewater probe, which, GOP senators say, enabled presidential lawyers to tailor their witnesses' messages for self-protection. But Cutler said yesterday that the Treasury-White House cooperation was made public at the time, thereby, he said, proving there was nothing to hide. (Above Treasury Department inspector-general team members testify Wednesday.)
And then there were 10. The GOP presidential hopefuls reacted with barely contained elation to General Powell's decision Wednesday not to run and sought to woo Powell supporters into their own camps. ''I will actively seek his advice and counsel,'' front-runner Senator Dole said. Senator Gramm's response: Now ''the choice is between Bob Dole and me.'' (Op-ed Page 18)
CBS Inc. lawyers ordered ''60 Minutes'' to drop an on-the-record interview with a former tobacco-company executive who criticized the industry, a network spokeswoman confirmed Wednesday. The network substituted a revised report examining how cigarette makers try to keep information from getting out. CBS was reportedly concerned because the executive had an agreement with the company not to disclose internal information.
Twenty American war veterans flew to Cuba illegally to protest US travel restrictions on the Communist nation. They plan a Veterans Day vigil tomorrow outside the Guantanamo Bay US naval base to protest the 32-year US economic embargo of Cuba.
A line-item veto may be in President Clinton's future: After months of dithering, congressional negotiators are close to bridging the gap between House and Senate versions. A House-proposed deal would allow the president to veto all or part of any budgetary item in a spending bill or repeal any tax benefit targeted for a small group. Overriding the veto would require a two-thirds congressional vote.
A drunken Navy enlisted man allegedly sexually harassed a female sailor during a commercial airline flight last month. And despite the woman's screams of protest, 20 sailors seated nearby didn't intercede, The Washington Post said yesterday. The man has not been charged, but the Navy says he is under investigation.
Abortion-rights lawmakers delayed Senate action on a ban on so-called ''partial birth'' abortions until after hearings, which the Judiciary Committee begins on Nov. 17. The legislation has already passed the House. (Story, Page 3.)
If shuttle Atlantis blasts off tomorrow, as scheduled, it will head toward a rendezvous with the Russian space station Mir - the second shuttle-Mir meeting. (Story, Page 3.)
Rep. Cardiss Collins of Chicago is the 14th Democrat to decline a 1996 reelection bid. She served for 22 years.
The World
Acting Prime Minister Shimon Peres assured PLO leader Yasser Arafat yesterday that Israel's withdrawal from West Bank would go ahead as planned. Meanwhile, investigators yesterday said Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin's assassin did not act alone. Two suspects belonging to the right-wing Eyal group were arrested yesterday. And, the Muslim militant group Hamas denounced Arab leaders who attended Yitzhak Rabin's funeral, calling them ''puppets.'' (Story, Page 6.)
Russian President Boris Yeltsin and Foreign Minister Andrei Kozyrev agreed yesterday that the embattled minister would get a new first deputy. Analysts say the move indicates that Yeltsin would not replace Kozyrev as he had threatened to earlier.
The Yugoslav war crimes tribunal in The Hague yesterday indicted three senior Serbian Army officers. They are charged with crimes against humanity in the mass execution of 261 men near Vukovar in eastern Slavonia in November 1991. And the US will give the tribunal all the pertinent information it has on the crimes, including top-secret intelligence data, the White House said Wednesday.
British Prime Minister Major said he was confident of reaching a settlement in Northern Ireland, despite a stalemate over terms on which the IRA's political arm, Sinn Fein, will join the all-party talks. Meanwhile in Auckland demonstrators protested Major's (above) support of the French nuclear policy.
The UN Security Council agreed to continue economic sanctions against Iraq Wednesday, because Iraqi compliance with the council's demands has been ''less than fully satisfactory.'' And Baghdad again refused to accept a UN plan to sell limited oil to buy food and medicine. Iraq says the plan infringes on its sovereignty.
A Fokker F-27 Argentine Air Force plane crashed during a rainstorm in a mountainous area of central Argentina. Police said yesterday all 53 people on board were killed.
Former President Jimmy Carter said Wednesday he will visit Rwanda and Burundi later this month to help find a solution to the region's refugee crisis. And the UN appointed Aziz Hasbi of Morocco its special representative in Burundi on Wednesday.
Commonwealth nations yesterday were considering a united appeal for clemency to spare the life of Nigerian minority rights leader Saro-Wiwa. Yesterday, Nigeria's military government upheld the death sentence. Many Commonwealth leaders who gathered in Auckland for today's opening of the Commonwealth summit are threatening Nigeria with sanctions.
An American correspondent, Aliza Marcus of Reuters, was acquitted yesterday in Turkey of charges of inciting racial hatred among the country's Turkish and Kurdish populations. She could have received three years in jail. In reaching its decision, the court cited lack of evidence and intent. Marcus is the first foreign journalist to be so charged. Hundreds of Turkish journalists have been tried. (Reporters at Risk, Page 1.)
Mexico's peso plunged to a new all-time low in early trade yesterday with frantic investors dumping pesos on renewed fears of a change in the government's monetary policy.
The Asian elephant is threatened by economic expansion, the World Wide Fund for Nature said yesterday. A report by the Swiss-based group noted that less than 50,000 of them remain. Millions of the beasts once roamed from Syria to China.
One mass of stars in a photo from the Hubble Space Telescope looks like ''bees swarming to their hive,'' said astronomers who know the cluster as M15. What they see, they said, may be a ''core collapse'' of stars caused by the gravitational pull of many stars jammed into a tiny bit of space.
The State of Prisons
Number of prisoners for every 100,000 US citizens: 519
Number of prisoners for every 100,000 Japanese citizens: 36
Number of prisoners for every 100,000 Mexican citizens: 97
Number of US states that have been under court orders in 1995 to correct overcrowding: 39
Average US probation/parole officer's caseload in 1994: 118
Proportion of black males under the supervision of the US criminal justice system on any given day: 1 in 4
Percentage of US prisoners who have finished high school: 33
Percentage of all those arrested and charged with crimes in 1993 who were between the ages of 13 and 29: 60
Estimated annual cost of housing an inmate: $19,500
Estimated annual cost - including health care - of housing an inmate over age 60: $69,000
Proportion of violent crimes to nonviolent crimes committed by those entering state prisons in 1992: 27 to 73
- ''Seeking Justice,'' by The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation (New York, N.Y.)
'' It was a bad trial, a bad judgment and an unjust sentence, and the Commonwealth
will make that point very clear to Nigeria when it asks for clemency.''
- British Prime Minister John Major on the death sentence for Ken Saro-Wiwa, a Nigerian human rights activist.


text: It seems all the black hat tools I've seen are windows apps. Generally, that's not a problem, but I was curious if anyone knows of any tools that are more command line driven and/or run on linux- perhaps web based even? I'm sure it would be harder to find web based tools as they would likely be shut down by ISPs.


text: Hi everyone, Today started out very badly. We had to have Chloe put down She lived through easy child's graduation (we took her with us) and enjoyed having all four of us "home" just for her for three more weeks. She was alert but could no longer stand (she's been rocky for about 6 months--good pain control with Rx medications, though) It is very sad as all of you with beloved pets know. She was the best dog I ever had and I've always had at least one dog since I was a kid except for two years in college. I don't know if I mentioned this earlier but the second round of ex-difficult child's competition was today. He came home from Korea late on Monday incredibly tired and jet-lagged. He slept for 36 hours straight and then practiced for a total of about 4 hours. I kept telling him that there would be other competitions and Korea was more important. MrNo called about two hours ago: HE WON! This is unbelievable that he could pull this one out. He is giving a concert tomorrow but I can't be there . I did not want to put undue pressure on him by making reservations when I did not at all expect him to win. I am actually floored....I mean--no false modesty, he is very gifted and cool under performance pressure but he so stacked the deck against himself, there seemed to be no way he could win, but he did. I am very, very happy for him. I just wanted to let the "old-timers" know how MrNo is doing. Martie


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Lots of people have HVAC units. An HVAC is a unit is designed to keep your home's temperature comfortable temperature. You will need a contractor to install and maintain your unit. Keep reading for a few good HVAC ideas you need to know when working with HVAC.
Before you ever begin looking for an HVAC contractor, first consider the entire job that you'll need completed. A contractor cannot give an accurate estimate without looking at your system. It will be more difficult for him to assist you over the phone without the information readily available. It's important to know this beforehand.
Be sure to clean debris from external condenser units regularly.You don't know when things are going to pile up, like right after it's windy or rains, and that can throw a wrench in your system. It can cause your system by overheating.
To make sure your condenser fan works properly, keep the fan blades and the coils clean. Always make sure you shut off the power before you do any work on the unit other than superficial cleaning. Leaves and debris can build up inside the unit and cause damage.
Turn the power off first so nothing moves. Then, take the grill off, pull the blades out, and begin cleaning the unit and them gently.
If your unit is outdoors, clean them regularly. You don't know when things are going to pile up, like right after it's windy or rains, and that can ruin your system. It can cause your system to malfunction by overheating.
Don't let grass clippings pile up against your outside unit. Aim the grass in a different direction from the other direction. This also applies when you are taking care of the leaves in debris.
You should clean your condenser fan's blades and coils every spring. First, the power should be turned off so things don't move as you work. Then, take the grill off, pull the blades out, and gently clean them as well as the unit itself.
10 Drops
Make sure that you do not cover your outdoor components with grass clippings when you are trimming the grass. Have the grass shoot in the opposite direction. This same tip applies when you are blowing fallen leaves around the yard. Grass and leaves pose a serious problem for the internal functioning of your unit.
Lubricate the oil ports on your condenser at least once each year. These are usually covered by a rubber or metal caps. Use SAE 20 oil that is non-detergent and lightweight, and put 10 drops or fewer in each port, putting 10 drops in each port.
When it gets cold outside, it is necessary to turn off outdoor condenser units. Avoid damaging the unit by turning it off when the outdoor temperature drops below 60 degrees. This can keep your system working for years and save you a lot on repairs.
Put your outdoor unit in the shade if you are installing them.
It is always a good idea to swap out single pane windows for double pane ones. Double-pane windows keep inside air cooler, allowing you to reduce AC usage in the summertime. When it is cold in the winter months, these same windows will keep the warm air inside as well.
It is always a good idea to replace single-paned windows with ones that have double panes. This also help you keep it warm in the winter.
Service your HVAC unit at least one time a year. During the service check, the system motor will be inspected, the moving parts will be oiled and the freon levels will be checked These simple tasks will help keep your HVAC system running smoothly.
Never allow the temperature in your home reach a dangerously high level. Air conditioners can only reduce the indoor temperature 20 degrees Fahrenheit in a reasonable time period. If the temperature in your home rises above 100 degrees, it will only reduce it to 80 or more. This is not a healthy environment to live in.
Put a bit of time into researching various HVAC specialists; you're more likely to choose the right one for the job. A good start would be the BBB to see if there are any complaints, then search online for review sites where you can see what actual customers had to say about their experience. This can help you make the right choice.
It is now obvious that there are measures you can take to effectively deal with those in the HVAC business. It is critical that the unit receives proper installation and that it is maintained correctly. Apply these tips to optimize your overall experience.
Try finding online A/C sizing calculators to figure out the ideal size for a unit for the house or a room. If you buy a unit that is too big, it won't do an efficient job. Look at the manual for more information.


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Hotels in Eagleby, Queensland
Search & Compare Eagleby Hotels
Save more with Secret Prices
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Best hotels in Eagleby
Eagleby overviewEagleby is an inviting destination that has something for everyone. Though there might not be many well-known attractions to visit in Eagleby, you don't need to go far to find places to visit like Carbrook Golf Club and Beenleigh Historical Village & Museum. You can take some time to discover the surrounding area and sights like Logan Hyperdome and Dick Johnson Racing Raceshop and Museum.
Where to stay in EaglebyWhether traveling for business or leisure, Eagleby can accommodate all visitors. You can shop as many as 1574 deals for Eagleby accommodations on Hotels.com, some with discounts of up to 55%. Our room prices start at 10 USD per night and here's a breakdown of hotels by star rating in Eagleby as well as in the surrounding area:
- • 114 5-star hotels from 96 USD per night
- • 266 4-star hotels from 77 USD per night
- • 64 3-star hotels from 49 USD per night
- • 20 2-star hotels from 13 USD per night
How to get to EaglebyFly into Brisbane, QLD (BNE), 21.4 mi (34.4 km) from central Eagleby.
What to see around EaglebyHere are some recommended places to see in the surrounding area:
- • Carbrook Golf Club (1.8 mi/3 km from the city center)
- • Beenleigh Historical Village & Museum (2.8 mi/4.5 km from the city center)
- • Logan Hyperdome (3.4 mi/5.4 km from the city center)
- • Dick Johnson Racing Raceshop and Museum (3.6 mi/5.8 km from the city center)
- • Daisy Hill Koala Centre (5.4 mi/8.8 km from the city center)
When to visit EaglebyDo you want to know the ideal time of year to visit? Here's a list of the seasonal weather norms to help with trip planning:
Seasonal temperature averages
- • January-March: 85°F day, 63°F night
- • April-June: 80°F day, 50°F night
- • July-September: 77°F day, 49°F night
- • October-December: 85°F day, 57°F night
- • January-March: 18.74 inches
- • April-June: 9.09 inches
- • July-September: 5.83 inches
- • October-December: 11.02 inches


text: Saw this Powerbook listed on Amazon for $1200 - Apple PowerBook Notebook 15" M9422LL/A (1.50-GHz PowerPC G4, 512 MB RAM, 80 GB Hard Drive, SuperDrive) - the guy claims that he owns a store in Madrid and can't sell via Amazon b/c he is not a US citizen and instead wants a Western Union payment before shipping. Too good to be true? Also a similar seller wants me to use a site called www.safedeals-online.com (escrow service) for the transaction. What do you guys think? Any experience with this site? Thanks for any advice.


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By Steveg1966
West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
I HAVE JUST BOUGHT A GREENHOUSE 8x6 WOULD IT BE OK TO USE A SMALL TABLE TOP GAS PATIO HEATER TO HEAT IT
- 6 Feb, 2010
Have you got any control over the heat - I mean, to regulate the temperature in there? I think it might cause the same problem as paraffin, i.e. condensation, with the risk of botrytis.
Is there any chance of running a cable out to take electricity out there for a thermostatically contolled fan heater? You have to have any installation checked by a qualified electrician these days, but it would be worth it for the future - you might want a propagator as well - or even lighting!
7 Feb, 2010
Spritzhenry is quite right, and I would add that using something not designed for greenhouse use would mean it is far more likely to produce noxious fumes which would affect the plant. A patio heater probably has a very basic burner and wouldn't be adjusted for minimum emissions.
It would also work out MUCH more expensive.
The advantage of electric heaters are that you can set many of them to a 'frost' setting and they therefore spend a lot of their time just ticking over. It's convenient and very cheap.
Installing electricity is not that difficult provided that the wiring is contained in the thick plastic tubing you can get for the purposed in DIY stores and that you use the proper 'outside' type of sockets and so on.
I always switch the power off at the source before watering or doing anything else at all 'risky' as a double safety check (having experienced some nasty electric shocks in my youth with dry feet and inside.. with wet feet in a greenhouse they'd probably be lethal!)
7 Feb, 2010
I have been doing some experimenting with this heater it has got 3 temp setting and is keeping the greenhouse at around 63 to 66 degrees constantly with vent open on the lowest setting both day and night. So will that be OK? Where the greenhouse is positioned it gets a lot of sun and during sunny days and keeps them sort of temperatures without heaters
9 Feb, 2010
Keeping that high a temperature must be costing you a fortune! I hope the plants are very special ones...I'd still be unhappy at using a heater not designed for greenhouse use, though.
9 Feb, 2010
Previous question
« I have got some rose seeds (From the seed swap on my site) and want some advise on...


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HOLYOKE – Nearly 40 middle-school girls in eight teams gathered Saturday at the Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center to build Lego robots and showcase them in a competition that measured for teamwork, design, programming and performance.
In addition, judges of the friendly competition also looked for successful use of sensors, attention to detail and trouble-shooting.
More importantly, the girls' team workshop to build and program LEGO NXT robots was held to spark the girls' interest in computing and technology.
The First Lego League teamed girls ages nine to 13 with coaches, professional engineers and mentors from high school students from Girls Inc. of Holyoke, as well as college students, who helped them apply real-world math and science concepts to a hands-on project.
"We are thrilled to be able to bring girls from Holyoke and surrounding towns for a fun day at the computing center, which just opened this fall," said Renee Fall, program manager for CAITE, which organized the event. "Not only will the girls have fun, build confidence, and be introduced to computer science and engineering concepts, they'll experience first-hand the facility that houses supercomputing power to solve big real-world problems."
Girls Connect is a program of the Commonwealth Alliance for Information Technology Education (CAITE) program at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
In addition to UMass Amherst's CAITE and the MGHPPC, the event was co-sponsored by LEGO Education, For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology (FIRST), and Girls Inc. of Holyoke. FIRST LEGO League was founded to engage children in meaningful learning while helping them discover the fun in science and technology.


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Money Matters Radio: Bernanke, the Fed, and the Dow's Winning Streak
By Money Matters Radio Mar 21, 2013 1:45 pm
Priceline.com founder Jay Walker talks about the upcoming TEDMED conference. Invest Answers CEO Greg Peterson discusses the Dow.
Priceline.com (NASDAQ:PCLN) founder Jay Walker discusses medical innovations and the TEDMED conference, of which he is the curator, coming up April 16-19 in Washington, DC. Money Matters host Gary Goldberg looks at Ben Bernanke's recent statements and Fed moves. As well, he discusses the Dow's (INDEXDJX:.DJI) winning streak with Invest Answers CEO Greg Peterson.
Twitter: @MoneyMattersFN
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Results 1 to 3 of 3
Thread: perfect keagle
- 10-31-2011 #1
- Join Date
- Sep 2011
- Posts
- 92
a quick question are you supposed to warm up before you keagle or can you just pop it out any time, also do you get better results in a flaccid state or fully erect??
- 10-31-2011 #2
The beauty behind the kegel is that you can do it any time, any place. However, a lot of people will say it's better to do them when you can fully concentrate on the exercise. Kegelling at work, or in the car, will give you less focus on either activity.
Same idea for the reverse kegel: no warm up needed."Know the rules well, so that you may properly break them" - The Dalai Lama
Do not criticize the seed for not yet being a tree.
Character is destiny - Sigmund Freud
As long as I have breath in my lungs, I will make this happen
- 10-31-2011 #3
You should warm up doing short Kegels very quick. Then you can do some longer Kegels. Thta's how I do itIf you think my comments or posts are useful, consider giving me some rep
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Member Patriot Special
Pet welcome home gift
About The Bella Foundation
The Bella Foundation offers pet adoptions to Pets for Patriots member Patriots in the greater Oklahoma City area and will assist them in selecting their new best friend. Established to assist low-income, elderly and terminally ill pet owners with the cost of veterinary care, The Bella Foundation also saves the lives of adoptable animals in the community. All animals the Foundation rescues are fostered until their adoption, where they receive routine veterinary care and home socialization.
The Bella Foundation welcomes monetary donations to support its good works. For a more hands-on experience, become one of their valued volunteers.
Adoption Fees Include:
Spay/neuter surgery
Microchip for pet identification
Full vaccinations, including rabies
Heartworm testing and 30 days preventative treatment (if negative); treatment for heartworm (if positive)
30 days of free pet insurance
Contact Info
- PO BOX 20035, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73516
- (866)318-7387
- www.thebellafoundation.org
Hours of Operation
- Monday: By appointment
- Tuesday: By appointment
- Wednesday: By appointment
- Thursday: By appointment
- Friday: By appointment
- Saturday: By appointment
- Sunday: By appointment


text:
Preserving Software: challenges and opportunities for reproducibility of Science and Technology
Roberto Di Cosmo, IRILL
A vast amount of modern scientific and technological knowledge relies on the software that we have been collectively writing: deep knowledge from fields like mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance and social sciences is now inextricably embodied into complex software systems, which model it at a level of detail that goes way beyond that of the usual scientific publications. Preserving this software is of paramount importance to preserve our knowledge, and is a necessary prerequisite to allow the replication of experiments, which is the foundation of the scientific method, as well as to ensure our ability to modify and correct the software components that are constantly being incorporated into critical systems that need to stay in production for decades.
In this talk, we review the challenges and opportunities we are facing, and discuss the role of Open Source as a key enabler.


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American Cereals
We all know that breakfast is the most important meal in our day. So why not make this most important meal interesting with a taste of your favourite american cereal. Whether it be an all american favourite Lucky Charms Cereal, or the famous Froot Loops, we have a box for everyones liking!


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Fellowship of the Australian College of Physiotherapists is a nationally recognised qualification granted in recognition of high standards of clinical skill and scholarship.
Successful applicants undertake a two-year training program, facilitated by a specialist physiotherapist. The self-directed learning journey focuses on:
The program culminates in two days of rigorous clinical and oral exams at which trainees demonstrate they have achieved entry-level specialist standing.
Specialisation is available in the following sub-disciplines of physiotherapy:
Applicants need to be a titled member of a National Group that offers specialisation (see above list) to be considered for Fellowship by Specialisation.
Download the 2018 application form here. Please note all applications will only be accepted on the 2018 application form.
Payment for Specialisation can be made using this form.
Information evenings will run in all state branches on Wednesday 5 September 2018 between 7.30 and 8.30 pm
These events are open for registration now
Applications open: Wednesday 5 September 2018
Applications close: Monday 29 October 2018
Program starts: Monday 1 April 2019
Applicants will be notified of the outcome in early-mid December
Application fee AUD $110
Program fee AUD $9,000 (plus GST), paid in two instalments:
Fees quoted subject to change without notice
There are many ways to find out more about the Australian College of Physiotherapists two-year training specialisation program:
Attend an information session near you
You are cordially invited to attend an Information Evening for the College's Two-Year Training Program in the Process of Specialisation in Physiotherapy. Learn about Original Contribution - the academic pathway to Fellowship.
The evening, hosted by a Fellow of the College, will include a detailed overview of the Training Program including entry requirements, learning activities, study requirements, assessment, key dates and costs.
Training Program facilitators and recent graduates will share their experience and insights and answer questions that budding specialists may have. They will also discuss the impact Specialisation has had on their practice and careers.
Date: 5 September 2018, 7.30pm - 8.30pm
Register for a location near you
NSW APA Office, Suite 204, 32 Delhi Road, North Ryde, NSW 2113
VIC APA Office, Level 1, 1175 Toorak Road, Camberwell 3124
QLD APA Office, Freeway Office Park, Building 6C/2728 Logan Road, Eight Mile Plains, QLD 4113
WA APA Office, Suite 1, 4 Sarich Way, Bentley, WA 6102
SA APA Office, 8/15 Fullarton Road, Kent Town, SA
Hear from an expert
Tom McMillan, FACP, Specialist Musculoskeletal Physiotherapist, explains the Specialisation process and what's involved. Check out the video now.
Review the Training Program Manual
Talk to a specialist in your discipline
Manager, ACP
Australian Physiotherapy Association
PO Box 437, Hawthorn BC VIC 3122 Australia
Phone: +61 3 9092 0888
Fax: +61 3 9092 0899
E-mail: email@example.com


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