text:
Title for run (up to 80 characters). Note that this must appear
in the data file as a literal string enclosed in quotation
marks, e.g.
Reduced mass for collision, m1*m2/(m1+m2), in atomic mass units
(mass of carbon-12 is 12.0)
Selects propagator to be used (see
Section 1.3 above)
(default 1).
LASTIN is set to 1, the run will terminate after
the current scattering calculation is complete. If
LASTIN is 0, another complete set of data will be
read once this set has been processed.
(default 0).
ICONV is set to 1 on input, NAMELIST block
&CONV (see Section
6) will be read and the program will perform automatic
convergence testing with respect to step size,
RMID or
RMAX (see
Section 2.12). If
ICONV=0 (the default), NAMELIST block
&CONV is not read.
(default 0). By default, MOLSCAT will accumulate total
cross sections between every pair of levels in the basis
set, including closed channels. This uses a fairly large
amount of storage, and is often not required. If
is set to a positive integer, only cross sections
between the first
MXSIG levels will be calculated.
(default 0). For IOS calculations, these are the highest
L and M values for which generalized IOS cross sections,
Q(L,M,M') will be accumulated. For
ITYPE=103 (see
Section 3.3),
MMAX identify the maximum L for rotors 1 and 2
(default 0).
If not zero requests that a calculation be restarted from saved
S-matrices on unit
ISAVEU (see
Section 2.5).
IRSTRT=3 restarts after the last completed
(JTOT,M,INRG)-set found on
IRSTRT=2 restarts after the last completed
symmetry block (M) found on
ISAVEU; similarly,
IRSTRT=1 restarts after a completed
JTOT block. If
IRSTRT=-1, the program
tries to restart at
JTOT=JTOTL taken from the
&INPUT data. This option is useful if a
job terminates abnormally; it can also be used to change
tolerances in the propagator or to switch to a different
The amount of printed output produced by MOLSCAT is controlled
by the integer variable
PRNTLV (default 0);
sensible values of
PRNTLV vary from 1 (when only
total cross sections are required) to 35 (when debugging).
PRNTLV=3 prints out some information about each
set of coupled equations solved, and complete S-matrices are
printed out if
PRNTLV=11 or more. Voluminous
debugging output starts appearing at
The number of page throws generated is controlled by the
ITHROW (default 0). If
ITHROW=1, each new S-matrix calculation starts on a
new page.
The printing of total and partial cross sections is controlled
by the parameter
ISIGPR (default 0). This must be
set to 1 if printing of cross sections is required (2 to get
coupled states cross sections which are incomplete owing to
missing m-values).
MOLSCAT has built-in loops over total angular momentum
JTOT and "symmetry" type
M. The loop
JTOT is controlled by the three input
JTOTU and
JSTEP; the program will loop from
JTOTL to
JTOTU in steps of
JSTEP. Note that the orbital angular momentum label
appearing in various decoupling schemes is treated as a total
angular momentum for this purpose.
If total cross sections are required, there is an alternative
form of input flagged by the value
JTOTU .ge.
999999 (or
JTOTU .lt. JTOTL); this
alternative is obtained by the default values. The end of the
loop over
JTOT is then controlled by the variables
DTOL, OTOL and
will start at
JTOTL and be incremented by
JSTEP until
NCAC (default 4)
JTOT values each contribute less that
DTOL (default 0.3) to any diagonal cross section
matrix element and less than
OTOL (default 0.005)
to any off-diagonal cross section. (Note that MOLSCAT always
gives cross sections in units of square Angstroms.) This option
should be used with care, since you must be sure that the
calculation will converge before the job runs out of time. Note
that elastic cross sections usually converge very much more
slowly than inelastic ones.
The loop over symmetry types ("parity cases")
M is
used differently for different decoupling schemes. For
M takes values 1 and 2 for odd and
even parity label respectively. (For
ITYPE=3, if the two
linear molecules are identical
M is further
subdivided into exchange symmetries.) For coupled states
M-1 is the body-fixed projection
quantum number. Under normal circumstances, MOLSCAT generally
loops over all possible values of
M for the
coupling case concerned (see, however,
Section 3.10). If the input
MSET is non-zero (default 0), MOLSCAT will
skip all calculations except for
M=MSET. This
option is particularly useful for resonance searches (see
Section 2.10) and convergence
checking (see Section 6). If
MHI is also non-zero (default 0), calculations are
performed for the range of
M values from
MSET to
The total energies (total energy equals collision kinetic energy
plus asymptotic channel energy) at which scattering calculations
are performed are controlled by the array
and the variables
EUNITC. If
DNRG=0.0 (the
default), calculations will be performed for the
NNRG energies listed in the
array. If
DNRG is not 0.0, calculations will be
performed at
NNRG equally spaced energies,
DNRG apart, starting at
The maximum allowed value of
NNRG is currently 100.
The units of
ENERGY and
DNRG are
determined by the integer variable
EUNITS (default
1) or by the
character*4 variable
EUNITC (default is blanks)
as follows:
EUNITS = 1 or EUNITC = 'CM' 1/cm EUNITS = 2 or EUNITC = 'K' Kelvin EUNITS = 3 or EUNITC = 'MHZ' MHz EUNITS = 4 or EUNITC = 'GHZ' GHz EUNITS = 5 or EUNITC = 'EV' eV EUNITS = 6 or EUNITC = 'ERG' erg EUNITS = 7 or EUNITC = 'AU' Hartrees EUNITS = 8 or EUNITC = 'KJ' kJ/mol EUNITS = 9 or EUNITC = 'KCAL' kcal/mol
If a nonblank character string (length 4 or less) is input via
EUNITC, it will override any value input via
EUNITS, and an attempt will be made to match one of
the allowed units and set the conversion factor. This matching
is insensitive to case and extraneous characters are generally
ignored, so that
EUNITC='1/CM' has the same effect
EUNITC='cm-1' or
Likewise, both
EUNITC='e.v.' and
EUNITC='eV' cause conversion from electron volts.
The input energies are converted immediately into 1/cm using the appropriate conversion factor, and all energies subsequently printed by MOLSCAT are in 1/cm.
There are special interpretations of the
NNRG and
ENERGY parameters which may be invoked when
These are described separately in Section 2.9 and Section 2.10.
An alternative form of input is available to facilitate
Boltzmann averaging of cross sections using Gaussian quadrature.
This is controlled by the array
TEMP and the
NTEMP and
NGAUSS. If
NTEMP is greater than 0 (default 0), scattering
calculations are performed at energies corresponding to
NGAUSS point Gaussian quadratures for the
NTEMP different temperatures (in Kelvin) in the
TEMP array. The maximum allowed values are
NTEMP=5 and
NGAUSS=6. Note that
Gaussian quadrature is not a very reliable way of thermally
averaging some types of cross sections, and use of this option
is generally not recommended.
In addition to its main printed output on channel 6, MOLSCAT can
also write out a file containing S-matrices for subsequent
processing by another program (for example, in the calculation
of differential cross sections or transport cross sections).
This option is invoked if
ISAVEU is not 0 (default
0), and the S-matrices are then written to channel
Early versions of the program saved this in formatted card image
files with format statements as indicated below. From MOLSCAT
version 11 onwards (June 92), the data are saved in unformatted
(binary) files which provide better precision, use less space,
and reduce the conversion overhead. In the binary files the data
enumerated below are written in the same order, as single
(logical) records (i.e. single unformatted
statements), except for (7), which is described more fully
below. Beginning with version 14 (Aug 94)
NOPEN is
found in record (5) rather than in (6).
Contents of the
ISAVEU file are as follows:
LABEL is the title of run; character length 80.
ITYPE specifies the collision type.
NLEV is the number of levels in the angular basis set.
NQN is the number of (quantum) descriptors per level.
URED is the reduced mass in atomic mass units.
IP is the MOLSCAT version number (14 in this version).
JLEV(ILEV,J) are the quantum numbers of level
ILEV. The meaning depends on
ITYPE; see Section 3.
JTOT is the total angular momentum.
INRG is the index of the energy in the list in 4.).
EN is the total energy (1/cm);it should equal
IEXCH is the exchange parity for identical molecules:
IEXCH=0 no exchange symmetry;
IEXCH=1 odd exchange symmetry;
IEXCH=2 even exchange symmetry
WT (if nonzero) is a statistical weight of this
M is the serial index of the symmetry block.
NOPEN is the number of open channels in the
S-matrix. (Note: beginning in version 14 (Aug 94)
NOPEN has been moved from record (6) to
record (5), and programs which process saved S-matrices
should check the value of
IP in record (1) to
determine the expected format.)
LEV(I) is a pointer to
(see above) for the basis set in channel
L(I) is the orbital angular momentum for
WV(I) is the wavevector of channel
I (1/Angstroms).
SREAL(I) and
SIMAG(I) are the
real and imaginary parts of the S-matrix elements, listed
in FORTRAN storage order for the
SREAL and
SIMAG. In
unformatted files (version 11 and later),
SREAL and
SIMAG are each written
as a single record, listing only the lower triangle,
SWRITE, and it is recommended that entry
SREAD in that routine can be used to read the
records for subsequent processing.
Records 5.), 6.) and 7.) are repeated for each S-matrix
calculated, looping over
INRG (innermost),
M and
JTOT (outermost):
MXPAR depends on
ITYPE. Note that not
every S-matrix will necessarily exist. S-matrices may be missing
from the file because there are no open channels for that
energy, because it was skipped owing to
IFEGEN.gt.1 in a
pressure broadening calculation, or because there was an error
or convergence failure in the calculation.
The S-matrix output file is not supported for IOS calculations, and the output that can be generated for some cases is probably not generally useful.
The option to write out partial cross sections to a separate file is not implemented in this version of MOLSCAT, but could be resuscitated if necessary.
ISIGU is greater than 0 (default 0), MOLSCAT
will maintain a (direct access) file containing accumulated
cross sections on channel
ISIGU. This file is
updated for each energy after each complete
so it contains valid information about the run so far even if
the program terminates abnormally.
All the propagators have options to save energy-independent
matrices on a scratch file to save computation at subsequent
energies. This is particularly advantageous for the R-matrix and
VIVS propagators. If
ISCRU .gt. 0
(default 0), this save file is created on channel
ISCRU and used for any subsequent energies. It can
be large.
Note that this option saves CPU time at the expense of disc I/O.
It is usually advantageous for the R-matrix,
quasiadiabatic and hybrid Airy propagators if
is not 1, but for the DeVogelaere and basic log-derivative
propagators it may not save resources overall unless the
potential itself is very expensive to calculate. This is
particularly true on fast machines such as CRAYs. Note, however,
ISCRU .gt. 0 saves considerable time for
single-channel IOS cases with
INTFLG=6, since the
computer time for these is usually dominated by potential
When searching for and characterising resonances, a propagator scratch file created in one run may be used in a subsequent run to save work. This is described in Section 2.10 below.
The propagator scratch file option is not implemented in the parallel version of MOLSCAT.
Calculations for pressure
broadening (line shape) cross sections are controlled by the
following variables in the
&INPUT data:
NLPRBR (synonym is
IFEGEN, LINE and
Calculations are supported
and 105. The pressure broadening option is invoked if
NLPRBR .gt. 0
on input (default 0); the value of
NLPRBR specifies the number of
spectroscopic lines for which pressure broadening calculations are to
be carried out. The lines themselves are specified by the array
LINE, of
4*NLPRBR elements. Each successive quartet of elements of
LINE indexes the
rotor levels involved in the transition, according to the elements of the
JLEVEL array described in Section 3. The 4 values indicate JA, JB, JA', JB',
where JA-JB is the spectroscopic transition and the primes indicate post-
collision values. Note that the "diagonal" values JA=JA' and JB=JB' describe
widths and shifts of isolated lines, and off-diagonal values describe
collisional transfer of intensity.
Pressure broadening calculations require S-matrix elements involving the
initial and final (spectroscopic) levels at the same kinetic (not total)
energy. Generation of the necessary total energies is facilitated by the input
IFEGEN. If
IFEGEN .gt. 0 (default 0), the program will treat the
ENERGY values as kinetic energies, and generate the necessary total
energies for the lines requested. If
IFEGEN is 0, only those requested
lines which can be constructed from the total energies actually specified by
NNRG, ENERGY will be calculated. Through version 13 of MOLSCAT, input values
of relative kinetic energies in
ENERGY were retained in the the list of
generated total energies whether they were needed for a requested pressure
broadening calculation or not; beginning with version 14 only total energies
needed for the requested pressure broadening calculations are retained.
Further, beginning with version 14, specifying
IFEGEN .gt. 1 will suppress
calculations for individual
JTOT, INRG, M ("parity case") which do not
contribute S-matrices needed for the requested pressure broadening.
some subset of the state-to-state cross sections may be incorrect (missing
some partial wave/parity contributions) if this last option is used.
The tensor order of the spectroscopic transition (i.e., 1 for dipole
transitions, 0 for isotropic Raman scattering) is specified in the input array
LTYPE. If the default value (-1) is found,
LTYPE is calculated from
Scattering resonances and predissociating states of Van der
Waals molecules appear as characteristic features in the
energy-dependence of S-matrices. In MOLSCAT, a run
to find or characterise a resonance is flagged by setting the
KSAVE .gt. 0 (default 0). This option is
not supported for IOS calculations
ITYPE .gt. 100). Setting
KSAVE .gt. 0
has principal effects:
ISAVEU is modified to
be suitable for use with the program
S-matrices, K-matrices and eigenphase sums are written to
ISAVEU unformatted.
A MOLSCAT run to characterise a resonance must deal
with only one total angular momentum
JTOT and
symmetry type
M in a given run. Thus,
JTOTL and
JTOTU must be the same, and the parameter
MSET must be set greater than 0 to select the
particular symmetry type required.
A special option is available to assist with searching for narrow resonances.
NNRG is given as a negative integer of the form -5*N, with N integral and
the energies themselves specified by
ENERGY(1) and
DNRG, MOLSCAT will perform N
groups of 5 equally spaced calculations. After each group, the program will
try to interpret the 5 eigenphase sums as the "tail" of a resonance, and
estimate the position of the resonance centre. This estimate is then used as
the starting point for the next group of 5 energies. This option can be useful
in searching for a resonance if a reasonably good estimate of its energy is
already available, and may succeed in converging on a narrow resonance from as
far as 10**5 widths away. However, convergence is not guaranteed, and it is
not usually useful to do more than 3 sets of 5 energies in a single run.
Resonance search calculations should usually be done with either
the R-matrix propagator or one of the modified log-derivative
propagators, since many different energies are always necessary.
It is thus always desirable to use the
ISCRU option
to save energy-independent matrices on a scratch file. For the
special case of resonance searches, with
MSET .gt. 0, the
ISCRU file from one run may be used as input for
the next run at a different set of energies. This option is
invoked by setting
ISCRU negative for the
subsequent run(s); the program then expects to find a suitable
input file on channel |
ISCRU|. It reads the header
on this file to check that it contains valid information, and
then proceeds with "subsequent energy" calculations for all the
energies requested.
Atom - surface scattering calculations are not plagued by
complications arising from total angular momentum and parity.
MOLSCAT uses the internal loops over
JTOT and
M to loop over the polar
angle theta (measured from the surface normal) and the azimuthal
angle phi (measured relative to the surface reciprocal lattice
vector g1). The loop over theta is controlled by the input
JTOTL, JTOTU, JSTEP, THETLW and
THETST, while that over phi is controlled by
MXPHI, PHILW and
PHIST. The logic used
is equivalent to:
DO 840 JTOT = JTOTL,JTOTU,JSTEP THETA = THETLW + THETST*JTOT DO 830 M = 1,MXPHI PHI = PHILW + PHIST*(M-1) .. .. Scattering calculation for angles THETA, PHI .. .. 830 CONTINUE 840 CONTINUE
Note that, for surface scattering, subsequent energies have a rather non-intuitive meaning, because the threshold energies (K+G)**2 depend on the parallel component of the momentum K. MOLSCAT interprets subsequent energies as having the same parallel momentum as the first energy, but a different perpendicular momentum. This corresponds to a change in the polar angle as well as the scattering energy.
Convergence of coupled channel calculations with respect to integration range and step size is very important; lack of convergence can give very poor results, whereas unnecessarily conservative tolerances can waste large amounts of computer time. It is always advisable to conduct careful step size convergence tests on a small basis set before embarking on any major set of calculations with MOLSCAT.
MOLSCAT operates with units of lengths specified by RM, which is
set in subroutine
POTENL (see
Section 5) and which may be input via
&POTL data set (see
Section 4).
Variables which control the integration, such as
RMAX, etc. (described below) are
in units of
RM. Note that
RM itself is
specified in units of Angstroms, and users might find it
convenient to have all distances in Angstroms by setting
RM=1.0. As another example, to specify all
distances in bohr radii (atomic units) one should specify
The mechanisms used to choose the starting and finishing points
for integrating the coupled equations are the same for all
propagators. In the simplest case, the input variables
RMIN (default 0.8) and
RMAX (default
10.0) are supplied and used exactly as input. (Note that the
default values are appropriate when
RM is
approximately the distance of the potential minimum.) However,
in certain circumstances
RMIN and
are modified from their input values:
1) If
IRMSET .gt. 0 on input (default 9), the
program will estimate a suitable distance to start propagating,
using the criterion that the wavefunction amplitude in all
channels should be less than 10**(-IRMSET) at the starting
point. A crude semiclassical estimate of the wavefunction is used to make
this estimate, which is calculated separately for each
JTOT, M (at the
first energy only).
2) If there is a centrifugal barrier present, the program checks
that all open channels are classically accessible at the
RMAX requested, for all energies in the
ENERGY list. If necessary,
RMAX is
increased to the value of
R at the furthest
classical turning point found in the centrifugal potential for
any energy. However,
RMAX is never decreased from
the input value. For special purposes, this action can be
suppressed by setting
IRXSET=0 on input (default
1). However, this is not recommended for general cross section
Thus, the input value of
RMAX is the smallest
distance at which the propagator may terminate. The DeVogelaere
and R-matrix propagators also check some aspects of convergence
internally, and may propagate beyond
RMAX under
certain circumstances.
It should be noted that propagating out to the centrifugal
turning point is not necessarily adequate, particularly
when calculating elastic integral cross sections or line shift
cross sections. It is also important to realise that a value of
RMAX which is adequate for low
may not be adequate for high
JTOT, and that
calculations using too small a value of
RMAX may
appear to be converged with respect to the partial wave sum when
they are not actually converged.
The DeVogelaere and the basic log-derivative propagators are
wavefunction-following methods, and use a constant step size controlled by the
STEPS (default 10.0). This is interpreted as the number of steps per
half-wavelength for the open channel of highest kinetic energy in the
asymptotic region. A value between 10 and 20 is usually adequate, unless the
depth of the potential well is large compared to the scattering energy.
The two modified log-derivative propagators are actually potential-following
methods, but they nevertheless use the same mechanism (
STEPS) to determine
step size, for compatibility with the basic log-derivative code. For these
propagators, values of
STEPS around 5.0 are usually adequate.
The R-matrix and
VIVS propagators are potential-following methods, so the de
Broglie wavelength is less important. Instead, the required initial step size
is input explicitly in the variable
DR (default 0.02). However, in both
propagators the step size may subsequently be modified, as described for the
individual propagators below.
The DeVogelaere method is potentially unstable in a
classically forbidden region, because the exponential
growth of closed channel wavefunctions can lead to a
loss of linear independence of the solutions. To avoid
this, the DeVogelaere propagator re-imposes linear
independence every
STABIL steps. The default (5.0) is
usually adequate.
is a tolerance parameter used for two purposes:
RMAX and incrementing by approximately
half a wavelength each time. This is repeated until
two successive S-matrices differ by no more than
STEST in any element, up to a maximum of 20 attempts.
(default 9999.0). For
R .lt. RMID, the R-matrix propagator
uses a constant step size of
DR. For
R .gt. RMID, the step
size is
DR*R/RMID, so that larger steps are taken in the
long-range region. If
RVFAC is set greater than the default
value of 0.0,
RMID is set automatically to
RTURN is an estimate of the position of the classical
turning point, calculated for each
JTOT and parity case.
RVIVAS is a synonym for
If the integer variable
SHRINK is 1 on input (the default),
the R-matrix propagator will monitor closed channels in
the long range region and accumulate a phase integral for
each. If a semiclassical estimate based on this phase
integral indicates that the wavefunction amplitude in the
channel concerned has dropped below 10**(-IRMSET), the
channel will be removed from the basis set for the
remainder of the propagation.
controls a convergence criterion applied to the
eigenvectors of the potential matrix (default
VTOL=1.D-6). The R-matrix propagator willnot
attempt to apply boundary conditions until the eigenvector
is a (permuted) unit matrix to within tolerance
for two successive steps. This test is applied only to
eigenvectors which are asymptotically non-degenerate.
is the largest number of steps allowed for the R-matrix
propagator (default 10000). If convergence has not been
achieved after this many steps, the program prints an
error message and exits.
(default 9999.0) is the distance at which the switchover from
the log-derivative method to
VIVS takes place (but
see also
RVFAC below). A value of
RVIVAS just inside the potential minimum is usually
most efficient. If
RVIVAS is more than
RMAX, the entire propagation will use the
log-derivative method; however, the preferred method of
achieving this effect is to use
INTFLG=5, since
this uses considerably less storage. Conversely, if
RVIVAS is less than
RMIN, the entire
propagation will use
VIVS (not recommended). It
must be remembered that MOLSCAT itself may adjust
RMIN and
RMAX as described above;
RVIVAS can if necessary be set to a large negative
or positive number to ensure the desired effect.
RMID is a synonym for
(default 0.0). If
RVFAC .gt. 0.0,
RVIVAS is adjusted automatically for each
JTOT / parity case, to be
RVFAC times
an estimate of the classical turning point. A value of
RVFAC around 1.1 is usually suitable, and is
recommended for cross section calculations using
The log-derivative propagator has no variable parameters except
STEPS, which determines the step size as described
above. However, control of the
VIVS propagator is
quite complicated.
VIVS operates with both a
variable interval length and a variable step length. A single
diagonalising transformation is used over the whole of each
interval, which may consist of several steps. The algorithms
used to determine interval and step sizes will be discussed
The step size and interval size algorithms used by
VIVS attempt to take the longest step which will
give the required accuracy at each point in the integration.
However, the optimum step size at one scattering energy is not
necessarily safe at another, and
VIVS can sometimes
give problems if the groups of energies in a particular run are
not chosen with care. In particular, one should avoid: 1) A
first energy which is close to (or above) a channel threshold
and a subsequent energy which is far below it. 2) A first energy
which is far above a channel threshold and a subsequent energy
which is close to it.
VIVS accumulates perturbation corrections to the
wavefunction as it propagates, and uses these to
obtain a suitable length for the next interval.
The input parameter
DR described above is used as
the size of the first interval, and subsequent
interval lengths are obtained using the input tolerance
TOLHI (default 0.001); the criterion is that some
functional, t, of the perturbation corrections should be
not greater than
TOLHI over any interval. Within an
interval, t is checked against
TOLHI at each step, and
a new interval is started (with a new diagonalising
transformation) if it appears likely to exceed
TOLHI over
the next step.
Each interval is divided into
IALPHA steps (default
IALPHA=6). Within an interval, the step sizes
increase geometrically, with each step being a factor alpha
larger than the previous one. The quantity alpha may be
specified in either of 2 ways:
IALFP is
.FALSE. (the default), alpha increases linearly
ALPHA1 (default 1.0) at the starting point
VIVS to
ALPHA2 (default 1.5)
IALFP is
.TRUE. on input, the
program starts with an initial value of
ALPHA1, and adjusts this as it propagates.
ALPHA2 is then not used.
A useful special option is obtained by setting
on input. Intervals then consist of a variable number
of steps, and the decision to start a new interval is based
solely on the magnitude of the perturbation corrections; a new
interval is started (and a new diagonalising transformation
obtained) whenever the quantity t approaches
The initial step size is taken from
DR, and
subsequent steps use a criterion based on
IALPHA=0 option can be very efficient, and
often requires remarkably few intervals/steps to produce
converged results.
There are several logical input variables which control the
extent to which
VIVS calculates and uses
perturbation corrections to the wavefunction. The three
IV, IVP and
IVPP (defaults
.TRUE., .FALSE. and
respectively) control the calculation of perturbation
corrections due to the potential itself (
and to its first (IVP) and second (IVPP) derivatives.
The perturbation corrections thus calculated are used in
calculating interval sizes, but are included in the wavefunction
only if
IPERT is
.TRUE. (the default).
ISHIFT is
.TRUE. (default
.FALSE.), the second derivative is used to shift
the reference potential to give the best fit to the true
For production runs,
IV, IVP, IVPP, IPERT and
ISHIFT should usually all be
This may be forced by setting
IDIAG = .TRUE., which
overrides any
.FALSE. values for the individual
IVP, IVPP or
ISHIFT is set,
VIVS will require radial derivatives of the
potential. These are supplied properly for simple potentials by
the standard version of
POTENL described below, but
for some potentials they can be difficult to evaluate. In this
case, the input variable
NUMDER may be set
.TRUE., in which case the necessary derivatives are
calculated numerically, and
POTENL is never called
IC .gt. 0 (see Section 5).
.TRUE.). If
ISYM is
.TRUE., the R-matrix is forced to be symmetric at
the end of each interval. This is usually advisable for
production runs.
(default 1.D4) controls the application of perturbation
corrections to deeply closed channels. If a channel is locally
closed by more than
XSQMAX reduced units,
perturbation corrections for it are not calculated. The default
should be adequate.
The only relevant input variables are
RMAX and
STEPS as described at the
beginning of this section.
The modified log-derivative (
INTFLG=6) propagator
is used from
RMIN to
RMID. In
general, values of
RMID somewhat beyond the
distance of the minimum are recommended. If
RVFAC .gt.
0.0 on input,
RMID is calculated as
described above; values of 1.2 to 1.4 are generally useful. If
RMID is less than
RMIN, or if it is
determined that
RMID-RMIN is smaller than one step,
the log-derivative propagator will be skipped. The step size
for this propagator is controlled by
STEPS as
described above unless
IABSDR (default 0) is set to
1, in which case the step size is taken from the input
The Airy propagator is used to propagate from
RMAX. If
RMID is greater than
RMAX this propagator is not called. By default the
initial step size is taken as the value calculated for the
modified log-derivative part, but it can be further controlled
by the following variables.
(default -1.0) can be used to input an absolute step
size. If
DRAIRY is less than zero, the initial step
size is taken from the log-derivative propagator.
(default 0.001).
If less than 1, the propagator uses this as a tolerance to
adjust the step size (by a perturbation method) to try to
maintain this accuracy. If greater than 1, the step size is
increased by this factor in each interval. Values around 1.03
to 1.07 are generally useful.
(default 3).
TOLHI is less than 1, this is the inverse power
used in estimating the step size from perturbation calculations.
The default value is usually adequate.
INTFLG=-1 propagator is suitable only for
single channel cases and is used almost exclusively for IOS
calculations. It does the WKB integral
for the phase shift by Gauss-Mehler quadrature. It is controlled by
input variables
NGMP and
Dimension 3. N-point Gauss integration is done starting
N=NGMP(1), incrementing by
NGMP(2), until
Starting with the 2nd pass the phase shift is compared
with the previously calculated value until it has
converged to within a tolerance specified by
(default 0.0001) is the convergence tolerance for the
WKB phase shift; values on the order of 0.001 are probably
more suitable than the default value.
Forward to Section 3
Back to Section 1
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Rams ready for match in Eagle Valley
September 17, 2001
Steamboat Springs — Hoping to build on its defeat of South Park Saturday, the Soroco Rams volleyball team will travel to Eagle Valley today for another match.
Soroco lost an emotional battle to Hayden on Friday, with both teams distributing ribbons to spectators in honor of those who perished in Tuesday's attacks on America. Coach Amy Pankonin said the team played the games to try to help the kids return to normalcy.
After winning 15-2 in the first game, the Rams fell in the next two games to the Tigers, 16-14 and 15-9. Pankonin said the loss was especially trying because of the rivalry between the two schools.
In the South Park victory, Pankonin said the team played "like a machine" at times, defeating its opponent in three close games.
Tiffany Schaffner scored 13 points in the match to lead the team, adding 30 defensive digs as well.
"We really needed a win at home for ourselves and our fans," Pankonin said.
Recommended Stories For You
The team's junior varsity squad took home two wins this weekend, against both Hayden and South Park.


text:
According to the National Library of Medicine, broken toe bones are a common injury that can be healed at home without surgery, providing it is not a serious injury, such as an injury that involves open wounds or results in the big toe appearing crooked. Self-care includes resting the injured foot, keeping it immobile and elevated, applying ice, and alleviating pain with an oral pain reliever.
The National Library of Medicine suggests icing the affected area with non-direct contact every waking hour for 20 minutes for the first 24 hours and two to three times per day subsequently. Stabilize the break by wrapping the affected toe and its healthy neighbor together using medical tape, with clean cotton gauze placed in between to wick away moisture. Wearing a hard-bottomed shoe prevents further injury. However, do not return to normal activity before swelling disappears or without protective footwear. While all broken toes require the care of a physician, there are instances in which medical assistance needs to be acquired immediately. Those include injuries that result in a sudden loss of feeling or sudden onset of pain, tingling or swelling.
MedicineNet.com states further symptoms indicating the need for urgent medical attention include toes that are bleeding, cold to the touch, blue or gray in color, crooked or facing the wrong direction.


text:
Ground floor
Kitchen2.90m x 2.70m (9' 6" x 8' 10") Through the part glazed door into the kitchen which is beautifully decorated in neutral colours, having a wooden floor and a feature stone end wall. The units are light coloured with a wooden worktop and fitted appliances and also a breakfast bar with units below. Window to front and a double glazed door leads out to the courtyard at the rear. Store cupboard fitted under the stairs.
Sitting room4.70m x 3.30m (15' 5" x 10' 10")The sitting room area on the right as you enter from the front door. It is a bright room due to the double glazed window to the front, decorated in light colours with painted beams and an original fireplace with woodburner. Wooden flooring and stairs to first floor.
First floor
LandingThe landing gives access to the shower room, bedroom and outside access and has balustrade going around the staircase to the second floor. The landing has design features of a former fireplace in the wall and a small library area.
Bedroom 15.00m x 3.60m (16' 5" x 11' 10")A lovely large bright double room with window to the front, small cupboard, wooden floor, painted beams and door to access to landing and outside courtyard down the stone steps.
Shower room1.90m x 1.50m (6' 3" x 4' 11")Consisting of a shower cubicle, WC and wash hand basin. Wooden flooring.
Second floor
Bedroom 24.00m x 3.60m (13' 1" x 11' 10") Situated on the second floor, this double room has a velux window to the rear and a small feature window to the front and an A-frame beam feature.
Cloakroom1.60m x 1.50m (5' 3" x 4' 11")Having a velux window to the front and consisting of a WC and wash hand basin.
CourtyardAccessed from both the kitchen and via old stone steps from the landing on the first floor, this is a delightful area ideal for dining or just sitting out in the daytime or evening.
Agency Fees of 8.5% IncludedEnergetic Performance E (237) CO2 Emissions B (7)
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Oct. 17, 1997
TALLAHASSEE, FL–Despite a career-high 28 kills from Lady Seminole
sophomore Aisha Thornton and an 11-kill, 20-dig performance from senior
Laura Arnold, Florida State fell to the visiting Duke Blue Devils 7-15,
15-8, 13-15, 11-15 in Tully Gym. With the loss, Florida State dropped to
17-4, 4-3 in the ACC. Duke improved to 9-11 overall, 5-3 in the
The Blue Devils capitalized on numerous unforced errors by the Lady
Seminoles during the 2-hour, 21-minute marathon match. Leading 12-9 in the
final game, Duke survived 20 consecutive sideouts before pulling out the
15-11 game four victory.
"Duke played very good defense and showed a lot of intensity," said FSU
head coach Cecile Reynaud following the match. "We did some things that
weren't smart tonight but that's what happens against a good team."
Individually for Florida State, Thornton led the team with a .469 hitting
percentage off her 28 kills. Susan Hawks added 15 kills and 4 blocks at
the net while Holly Schneider led the defensive effort with 21 digs.
Florida State next hosts Wake Forest on Sunday at 1:00 p.m. in Tully Gym.


text:
MORE than 150 mourners are expected at the funeral of a retired landlady who helped run some of the biggest and most successful Tetley pubs in Leeds for 20 years.
Maureen and Vince Campbell were hosts at Gipton pub the Oak Tree and Harehills pubs the Compton Arms, The Fforde Green and The Sportsman during a career in the licensing trade which started in 1977 and ended in the late 1990s.
Grandmother Mrs Campbell, who had been suffering from rare muscle wasting illness progressive supranuclear palsy for around seven years, lost her fight for life aged 66 on March 18.
Vince Campbell, 68 of Morley, said: "I was honoured to be her husband for 47 years."
Mr Campbell said his late wife "loved every minute" of her life working in pubs, adding: "That's when pubs were pubs – they were the best days of our lives."
The couple ran the Compton Arms from 1980 to 1990. A boxing gym was opened in the cellar and the couple created the popular Rocky's bar upstairs at the pub. Rocky's bar was used by the Yorkshire county darts team and hosted major tournaments featuring star players including Eric Bristow. In 1984, the Compton Arms sold the most beer of any managed house supplied by the Tetley Brewery in Leeds.
Mrs Campbell also leaves Son Vincent, 44, daughter Nicola, 46, and granddaughter Rhianna, 13.
Mr Campbell said all are welcome at the funeral service at 9.30am on Friday April 7 at Corpus Christi RC Church, Osmondthorpe.
It will be followed by burial at Killingbeck Cemetery and a celebration of Mrs Campbell's life at Corpus Christ Catholic Club on Halton Moor Avenue.


text:
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text:
How Jim Skinner Flipped McDonald's
Big Chain's CEO Focused On Getting Better, Not Bigger; 'We Have to Provide Choices'
Four years ago, Jim Skinner huddled with a handful of other McDonald's Corp. executives to tackle a big problem: The company, by most measures, was doing terribly. Mr. Skinner had just been named vice chairman and was part of a new management team charged with helping reverse the company's sliding profit.
Three days later, the group emerged with a new strategy, named Plan to Win. Instead of continuing to build lots of restaurants, the company would focus on improving existing locations. The goals: faster, friendlier service;...


text:
Free: Cleckley's "Mask of Sanity"(Pdf format)
Survivors Speak
"To my experience, a favored technique for Narcissists is to debilitate your identity [personally, I hate the term self-esteem] by levelling false accusations and/or questioning your honesty, fidelity, trustworthiness, your "true" motivations, your "real" character, your sanity and judgement."
"He was the MASTER of saving up your most personal "confessions" and then using them to tell you why you are so disgusting and sickening."
"It does take time for our hearts to get the entire message. I think there is a part of us that wants so badly to believe that another person will somehow see the love offered to them and be glad for it, to receive it and appreciate it".
"I think that only God can forgive this, I don't think about forgiveness. And the hardest part for me to grasp even now, is that there was NO relationship! It never actually existed. There is nothing. Still, it's good to know. I accept it and that knowledge has helped me tremendously to move on."
Welcome Home! You are not alone.........
If you found your way here then you may have encountered someone with narcissism, narcissistic personality disorder, or someone who seems to exhibit some symptoms of a psychopath. [Did you know that pathological narcissism may be considered a less severe form of psychopathy? More here: Conscience Continuum
For some survivors it feels like an emotional holocaust. For almost everyone it is misery, a nightmare. Some say it feels like evil.
Sometimes angelic, more often, hell-on-earth, is the emotional rollercoaster due to bipolar, or personality disorders or other types of mental illness? Who wouldn't feel confused and looking for answers?! Especially when we feel the pull towards them, just when we think we might escape it
We may not always find the answers we hope for, but I believe our lives depend on asking the questions. For if we don't know what we stand for, we don't know what we're willing to live and die for. And then it becomes easy for anyone to persuade us of anything.
Know you are not alone in these singular experiences. And you are not alone in seeking answers to your questions.....~ Invicta (MA, Counseling Psychology)
More here: ThePennyDrops
R.I.P. Tony C. Brown
Kathy Krajco


text:
The other day I picked up a copy of Malcolm Gladwell's newest book, Outliers: The Story of Success. I'm only a third of the way through the book, but here's my take on what I have read so far.
Gladwell believes that success is more than just "pulling oneself up by their bootstraps." He tells the story of Bill Gates and that the real reason for his success was that his private school (Gates came from a well-off family) purchased a computer before computers were widely-used and that Gates was naturally drawn to it. In other words, had Gates gone to a different school, I might not be typing this blog post because computer software might not exist as it does today. In other words, circumstances matter.
The problem I have with the book is that Gladwell seems to take the approach that success is simply too hard for the poor to achieve. Yes, I'll admit that it would be harder for a poor person to achieve success in life but that doesn't mean it's impossible. I think half the battle in achieving anything is mindset. If a person or class of people is constantly told they CAN'T do something, they end up believing it.
How would I level the playing field? My solution:
1. Allow parents vouchers so that they can send their kids to any school they desire. Not all parents would take advantage but some would.
2. Reinforce education and the importance of reading. Enlist the help of 'famous' athletes and musicians to get the message out to kids and PARENTS that EDUCATION IS IMPORTANT! Promote libraries and reading clubs. Offer reading classes to parents.
3. Don't pass kids if they don't make the grade.
4. Stop glorifying trash and stop filling our kids' heads with hatred. Show kids how to respect themselves and those around them.
5. Require kids to watch The Big Idea.
Like I said, I'm not through reading Gladwell's book yet. I don't agree with some of his thoughts but I do like his style. There aren't a lot of non-fiction books out there that are enjoyable to read.
If you'd like a chance to win a copy of the book from me, leave a comment below explaining your thoughts on success. I'm going to make this my FIRST EVER subjective giveaway in that I am going to pick my favorite comment (and the comment doesn't have to agree with me!) and the winner will receive a copy of the book. The deadline for entry is Friday, December 12, 9am CST. Just remember my rule:
1. you must be a resident of the U.S. or Canada (I won't mail internationally).


text:
#Samsung is now sending out an update for the #GearS2 wearable which brings support for Flight Mode and Auto-Brightness on the smartwatch. These are crucial additions which could help you eke out more juice from the device on a single charge. The update seems to be arriving on the wearable over-the-air, so expect it to reach your Gear S2 very soon if you haven't seen it already.
The software version is bumped to R732XXU2CPB7 post the update. It's not a major update by any means as it is said to be just 82.51MB in size, so you probably won't need to keep your paired device on WiFi to install the update.
For the time being, we think the Gear S2 is one of the best smartwatches selling in the market thanks to its unique rotating bezel display and wide set of applications that are designed specifically for the device. If you're looking to get it on the cheap, Amazon is currently selling it with a $50 off, so make sure you give it a look.
Have you seen the update on the Gear S2 yet? Sound off below.
Via: SamMobile


text:
The press barons of American and English journalism are in some ways akin to the robber barons of 19th-century commerce: unscrupulous, exploitative, eccentric, and now almost extinct. Yet as Piers Brendon notes, without them the free press might never have become the driving force it is today.
Prior to the 1830s, newspapers were mostly ''servile little propaganda sheets.'' The great contribution of the press barons was to establish a tradition of fierce editorial independence. ''It is true that the energy which the press barons unleashed to turn their newspapers into a profitable private business could seldom be harnessed to make them also a disinterested public service,'' Brendon writes. ''But safety lay in diversity.''
While differing dramatically in political viewpoint, the press barons assembled in this colorful history are united by their burning curiosity and boundless egos. At the Los Angeles Times we see Harrison Gray Otis, in full military uniform, imperiously drilling his employees in the use of rifles and shotguns. At the Pall Mall Gazette we see William Thomas Stead dining on cooked mice and taking dictation from the departed spirit of Catherine the Great.
Beyond the idiosyncrasies, we see the barons' great innovations: the modern editorial page, the first foreign correspondents, the coining of the term ''human interest,'' and so forth. And we see how the era of individualism gradually gave way to today's faceless communications conglomerates - with a few notable exceptions such as Rupert Murdoch. But if you think the press is becoming a bit too pompous about its Role in Society, you'll enjoy Brendon's reminder of its rambunctious origins.


text:
at·ten·tion span – the length of time during which someone is able to think about or remain interested in something
"Kids today have such a short attention span." Have you heard that before? Have you said it? While there are ample studies that one can point to in support of such claims, I offer the following questions as part of the larger conversation about young people and attention spans.
Has the capacity for attention changed?
I've yet to see research showing that the human brain's capacity for deep, focused attention has diminished. The research about attention spans among youth is not a claim to a sudden evolutionary change in young people's brains. In fact, the growing literature around neuroplasticity would seem to indicate the attention span of young and old can be lengthened with practice. This has huge implications for education. So, there is no need for a fatalistic response.
In my early years of teaching, I remember being told that we should chunk lessons into fifteen minute segments because young people today can't attend to anything longer than that. Of course, we already tend to force breaks in student attention every 45-50 minutes in most schools. Then some thought of this idea called block-scheduling. The problem is that the length of time changed, but it didn't seem like the practices changed enough to effectively leverage the benefits of larger blocks of time.
Have you visited a Montessori or project-based learning school lately?
This would actually be a helpful study, looking at the attention span of young people in these schools compared to more traditional schools. I've been to many such schools, and I consistently see students who get immersed in projects and explorations for extended periods…sometimes hour at a time. This seems to indicate that the environments where young people spend their time can have a huge impact on attention span. So, instead of breaking up lessons into 15-minute segments to address the supposedly inevitable declining attention span young people, perhaps we could consider how we might design learning environments that engage, invite and cultivate the joy of getting lost in a project or idea.
Attention to what and for what purpose?
Behind the statements about declining attention spans, it often seems to be more a commentary on young people's difficulty paying attention to the way schools has been done in the past: difficulty paying attention to a talking head, difficulty paying attention while reading a certain text, etc. I happen to think that cultivating an attention span for such activities remains valuable. If we want to empower students to be self-directed learners who are capable of learning from a variety of experiences and people, that means learning to learn from things that are boring.
The problem is that some seem to suggest that the solution is forcing them to sit through lots of boring things. What if we instead helped students discover and tap into strategies to be motivated? That comes from having genuine interest or perceiving meaning and value in something. When student perceives something as meaningful, their attention span extends significantly. So, what we might sometimes view as decreased attention span might actually be a shift in perceived meaning and value.
How is it that video games manage to keep the attention of some people for hours without a bathroom break?
That is an impressive attention span. Of course, it is different from much of school because there is near constant change and feedback. It also has all those game features that manage to cultivate attention. One argument is that we should study these game design principles and use them to engage learners in school. I don't think that a terrible idea sometimes, but I contend that it is even more exciting to think of what would happen if we helped students exegete the principles of engagement in game design and learn to leverage those principles to maintain attention for themselves.
What does attention look like? What does inattention look like?
Is it possible that attention and inattention looks different for different students? If so, perhaps there is also the risk of misinterpreting certain student actions and behaviors. I'm not denying that students are indeed inattentive at time, only that our subjective measure may need revisiting.
Why not teaching attention?
If there is concern about attention spans, why not invite students into a challenge to address it. Why does attention matter? What happens when it is present? What happens when it is absent? What is the global implications of inattention and short attention spans? What are the benefits? What good can be done in the world by people who cultivate attention spans? This could be a rich and rewarding exploration with the students. I suspect that they could come up with answers that would amaze many of us.
Given the diminishing attention span for reading lengthy blog posts, I suppose that I should stop here.


text:
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The disappearance of risk appetite after last week's positive performance can be traced to bad news around oil once again.
Front month oil futures plummeted over 4% on Tuesday as a mix of comments from OPEC producers and Russia signalled that even output cuts are not on the table at the March meeting. In addition, a weak reading on the US consumer confidence rattled investor sentiment. Gold gained favour, putting on +1.5%, but remained within $1200-1250, indicating that the demand is likely temporary.
The rebound from last week is in all likelihood a relief rally, of course, only time would verify this assertion. Moreover, last week's bounce is due to a few factors, including a recovery in oil prices and better Chinese sentiments. Most of this factors seemed to have dissipated while the underlying reasons remained.
Weakness in the world economy, questions about the effectiveness of central bank policies and the lack of long-term capital still work against a sustained rally in risk markets. This could only mean that volatility may return in the foreseeable future.
Not so Noble intentions
Moody's downgraded the commodity trader's corporate family, senior unsecured bond ratings to Ba3 from Ba1, and may further lower the ratings after another review. The downgrade came swiftly after Noble unexpectedly wrote down an additional $1.2 billion in charges on long-term contracts on Tuesday.
The collapse of coal prices was fingered as the chief reason for the write-downs. S&P said that the profits warnings are 'credit negative', and a confluence of adverse factors that the company is facing may result in multiple-notch downgrade.
Interestingly, Noble's share price was little changed. If anything, it appeared to continue recovery in the S$0.30-S$0.40 range, moving past the 50-day moving average. It could be positioning plays ahead of the earnings results on Thursday, 25 February, after market hours. The consensus estimate for adjusted EPS is at -0.067, and a net income loss of USD436 million.
STI hitting resistance
The Singapore stock market, the STI index, has been on a strong recovery move lately, powering through 2670 yesterday after adding 117 points or +4.6% last week. Financials and telcos led the charge. However the upswing we have seen is heading into the 50-day moving average resistance at 2696. Given the return of risk-off sentiments, the STI could come under strong pressure. On the agenda, Singapore revised the Q4 GDP reading upwards to 6.2% QoQ SAAR, from 5.7% previously, although it was adjusted lower to 1.8% on YoY terms. The Singaporean economy slowed to 2% in 2015, from 2.9% in 2014.
*For more timely quips, you may wish to follow me on twitter at https://twitter.com/BernardAw_IG


text:
1930's Ford Panel Body
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Make: FordModel: PanelRod, Restore, or parts. This is part of the Richard "Tubby" Houston collection auction in Stillwater, OK. All vehicles are sold AS IS and ALL SALES ARE FINAL. Buyers May buy the car and come in person and strip parts and leave the body. Sold on Bill of Sale unless otherwise noted. Buyers are encouraged to come to the auction and an inspect or make arrangements to preview. Please Review info and Pictures and call for more info. Buyers are to make their own determinations and bid accordingly. Buyers are responsible for all winning bids. Payment is required immediately or within 72 hours. REmoval within 10 days. Buyers are responsible for all shipping arrangements and costs. For more info and other auctions www.vanderbrinkauctions.com
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Two people on opposite sides of the law are brought together under unusual circumstances in this thriller. Lea (Elsa Zylberstein) is a young woman with a checkered past who has just finished a stretch in prison and is waiting for her teenaged brother, Sammy (Vincent Martinez), to pick her up. As it turns out, Sammy has been nurturing an impressive criminal career of his own, and he's killed in an ambush with plainclothes police officers within Lea's sight. Traumatized, Lea isn't sure where to turn, and...more
All Un Ange cast + crew photos
Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
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text:
Grateful Dead
Just like your favorite jam, things are going to get a bit funky on Dead.net over the next week or so. Community accounts will be temporarily closed October 16th-17th and may be under further maintenance through October 22nd. But rest assured, we will be back up and better than ever shortly thereafter. Stay tuned!
It was the summer 2003 tour wnen the dead were playing 5 days at Red Rocks and they had a Wednesday or Thursday off between shows. I was working at a jersey store on the 16th street mall and still a little stoned and hungover from the previous nights show. I was out having a smoke on the side of the building when I hear 3 guys wondering where a baby clothing store is at. I hear one of them say "ask one of the merchants and they can tell you" I look up and its Bobby. I say "can I help you? Hey your'e Bobby!" He said yeah "do you know where a baby store is at?" I said I dont but the other guy I work with does so come on in my store. The other guy was an 18 year old kid and the extent of his music was Jay-Z and Eminem so he had no idea who Bobby was. I say hey man can I get an autograph and kind of looking around for this mob of deadhead who might have been hdidng around the corner to get Bobby. (Man I was high!) He says he will give an autograph. So I go in the back and find DP 18 and he signs it. I say thanks And told him I'll put that with his pick I got at a RD show. He then goes along his business. After he leaves I realize I had a copy of American Beauty with me but I was so out of it he signed a DP. Oh well.
I also met Clapton at that store too but thats an entirely different story.
Jerry -
My father told me a story of when he used to be a security guard for a hotel in Syracuse, the Dead played here and he was going up the elevator and and Jerry came on. Jerry lit up a cigarette, and my dad said, "Hey, you can't smoke in here!" And Jerry laughed and blew smoke in my father's face. My dad looks back and laughs about it today.
Vince Welnick -
My father's business was to rent out his Hammond B3 organ to bands coming to Syracuse and around CNY, and Vince Welnicks group in the late 90's played and he borrowed the organ. Unfortunatley he said he was kind of a jerk, was really drunk and kept yelling at my dad and his friends about the organ. Said he was gonna smash it and stuff like that. During the whole show, Vince left a big crystal rock on the organ. I'm not sure if that was a good luck charm or something... But he left it there on the organ after the show because he stormed out yelling at my dad. I'm not saying Vince was a bad person, but it was just a bad encounter I guess. But anyway, my father gave me his crystal rock, and now it sits on my Marshall stack and I bring it with my at every gig I play. I wonder if anyone else knows about this rock?
with enough body and integrity for the serious cabernet lover lol
One of my clients is a new newsletter/Web site called dogtrekker.com. The latest issue came out yesterday, and I just about fell out of my chair laughing when I found this.
Apparently the guy has a pretty amazing poster collection in the tasting room too. Wine buffs take note!
that must have been quite a scene!
This is an odd story since it wasn't me that had the close encounter with Bob but a guy who is my co-host for my radio show. JZ waited in line for the new I-Phone 4 back on June 25th 2010, the same day Furthur was playing the Highland Bowl in Rochester NY. 1st show of the summer tour to be exact. He is hanging with Bob and the Drummer for about 3 hours in line at the apple store in Eastview Mall in Victor NY (just outside of Rochester.) He knows I'm a DH but he doesn't know Bob is in the band or pretty much anything about the band. I see his tweeting about the guy he thinks is in a band but by the time he figures it out I'm pre-gaming in the parking lot.
We do a show together the next day and he relates his story and I just about flip out! I said "you should have called me" and other same type reactions. Since JZ didn't know Bob, I asked him what he thought of him and he said he was a cool guy and people kept coming up to him during the wait expressing their love for the band. He figured out he was somebody big because of all the people approaching him.
There you go!
At one of those extended runs in the late 80's early 90's after immediately after the show, we were walking in front of the garden, or there abouts, when up from the alley way comes a speeding van. It was an older van, very inconspicuos, but moving at a fast clip, honking the horn. It was coming from under the Garden, so I can only assume that it was the Grateful Dead trying to make their fast clean getaway. This was at the height of their popularity, so I think that was a logical conclusion.
On NPR last week there was 53 year-old Deadhead recounting his experience of hitching along the highway to a Nassau show. He and his friend were let off on the highway about 5 miles from Nassau in a bad place to hitch from (I think I was let off in the same place in in 81).
A beat-up Vega station wagon comes to a screeching halt and they are beckoned in. Pretty soon the guy realizes the passenger is Jerry, who proceeds to light up a joint and pass it around. The guy never says to Jerry about being Jerry. He just sort of enjoys the moment and thinks everything is pretty cool with the universe.
They go through the VIP gate and are let off near the Coliseum. Jerry says -- "Have a good show boys" and heads on in. He never told the story during his touring days because he thought nobody woulkd believe him.
I see that at a couple of the Furthur east coast shows any regular ol' fan who wants to support the voting group Headcount can have the opportunity meet Bobby and get a photo taken with him and an autograph. Helping out a good cause and meeting the fans, that's really cool. God bless you Bobby.
I have only spent a few days along the California coast I don't know how anybody works there. My wife, kids and I would stop every quarter of a mile to look at the gorgeous scenery. It is certainly mesmerizing.
Thanks for sharing this nice story.
And the road goes on forever....


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Intelligence Officer Development Programme
- Recruiter
- Location
- London
- Salary
- £30,817 rising to £33,316 after 1 year
- Posted
- 17 Oct 2017
- Closing date
- 20 Nov 2017
- Industry
- General, Government & politics, Defence, Security services
- Job level
- Graduate
- Hours
- Full time
- Contract
- Permanent
- Listing type
- Graduate scheme
Intelligence Officer Development Programme
£30,817 rising to £33,316 after 1 year | London
No one ever got lost in the world of accountants.
As we grow up, fewer and fewer of us actually get the jobs we first dream of having. It's why graduates across the country apply for development programmes to become management consultants, accountants and recruitment specialists. But what if you aspired for something more exciting, rewarding and impactful - like preventing acts of terrorism? Well, our Intelligence Officers do just that, playing a vital role in running MI5 investigations that help keep the country safe against threats to national security.
The Intelligence Officer Development Programme (IODP) is designed to help you learn about MI5 investigations before you lead them. And you'll get the ultimate insight into international events and help change them for the better. It's why we choose people carefully. As an essential part of a closely-knit team, you'll enjoy a great mix of challenge and support and where business requirements allow, a flexible approach to working that gives you exactly the work-life balance you would hope for.
The Development Programme
For the first two years, you'll be assigned to a role that will help you develop skills directly relevant to leading investigations. It could be anything from digital intelligence and analysis, to warrantry and legal casework. This will be structured as either two postings of one year each, or one posting over two years.
The Foundation Investigative Training course
Subject to successful completion of performance reviews, you'll advance onto our Foundation Investigative Training (FIT) course. Lasting five weeks, it will prepare you for a direct move into one of our investigative sections as an Intelligence Officer. Upon successful completion, and subject to line management approval, you'll also be eligible to apply for an advancement interview for promotion.
The future
As a fully trained Intelligence Officer, your first role could be countering threats from international terrorism, espionage or Northern Ireland related terrorism. As your confidence and experience grow, so will your responsibilities. From then on you may choose to specialise in investigations, where you'll pull together intelligence, working with different departments to gain resources. You'll also set investigative strategies, making recommendations based on perceived threat levels, collaborating with colleagues and the police to thwart terrorist activity where needed. Alternatively, you could move into roles managing or training new IODP entrants, or broaden your experience by taking on an operational or policy role.
Working culture and hours
By being part of MI5, you'll benefit from the close support of your team, together with increasing autonomy to progress investigations yourself. While the role does have a big impact on the security of the nation, a formal structure is in place to ensure that every employee feels supported in their decision making.
There's also a strong focus on work-life balance. Where business requirements allow it, flexi-time enables you to vary your start and finish times to fit the other commitments in your life.
What we look for
Safeguarding the UK against threats to national security requires intelligent, talented people, and those people aren't found in any one particular section of society. Graduates from a range of backgrounds and degree disciplines join the Intelligence Officer Development Programme. To apply, you'll need to have - or be expecting - a 2:2 in any degree discipline, or have relevant and permanent work experience.
As a confident communicator, you can quickly establish productive working relationships with your colleagues. You'll need to be organised, have a good eye for detail and trust your own judgement. While happy to take responsibility for your own areas of work, you'll also enjoy collaborating to solve problems and make decisions. MI5 also expects its employees to have a high degree of honesty and integrity.
To find out more and apply, click here.
To apply to MI5 you must be a born or naturalised British citizen, over 18 years of age and normally have lived in the UK for nine of the last ten years. You should not discuss your application, other than with your partner or a close family member, providing that they are British. They should also be made aware of the importance of discretion.
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Using imqcmd subcommands you can manage a broker's durable subscriptions by doing one or more of the following:
Listing durable subscriptions
Purging all messages for a durable subscription
Destroying a durable subscription
A durable subscription is a subscription to a topic that is registered by a client as durable; it has a unique identity and it requires the broker to retain messages for that subscription even when its consumer becomes inactive. Normally, the broker may only delete a message held for a durable subscriber when the message expires.
To list durable subscriptions for a specified physical destination, use the list dur subcommand. This is the syntax for the list dur subcommand:
imqcmd list dur -d destName
For example, the following command lists all durable subscriptions to the topic SPQuotes, using the broker at the default port on the local host:
imqcmd list dur -d SPQuotes
For each durable subscription to a topic, the list dur subcommand returns the name of the durable subscription, the client ID of the user, the number of messages queued to this topic, and the state of the durable subscription (active/inactive). For example:
Name Client ID Number of Durable Sub Messages State ---------------------------------------------------------------- myDurable myClientID 1 INACTIVE
You can use the information returned from the list dur subcommand to identify a durable subscription you might want to destroy or for which you want to purge messages.
The purge dur subcommand purges all messages for the specified durable subscription with the specified Client Identifier. This is the syntax for the purge dur subcommand:
imqcmd purge dur -n subscrName -c clientID
The destroy dur subcommand destroys a specified durable subscription with the specified client identifier. This is the syntax for the destroy dur subcommand:
imqcmd destroy dur -n subscrName -c clientID
For example, the following command destroys the durable subscription myDurable and clientID, myClientID.
imqcmd destroy dur -n myDurable -c myClientID


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Producer Tool: Electro Dance Bassline Vol 5
'Producer Tool: Electro Dance Bassline Vol 05 ' from Nano Musik Loops features 56 of the most current-sounding Electro and Dance bassline riffs, including MIDI files. All the files in this awesome sample library are ready to mix and match for endless possibilities.
All tempos are 128 BPM and the Key Note is C#. The rhythmical bass leads and elements in this pack will slot perfectly into more conventional Dance productions as well as modern Electro.
Sample these loops in your song and start a new craze!
All of the loops in this product are 100% Royalty-Free and take their inspiration from the German Dance scene.
Product Contents:
• 56 MIDI Samples
• 56 REX2 Samples (44.1 kHz/16-Bit )
• 56 ACIDized WAV Samples (44.1 kHz/24-Bit )
Producers demanding ultimate control need MIDI loops and you'll find them here! Using the supplied MIDI files you can assign any of the musical phrases found in this pack to your favourite synth or sampler, and integrate them seamlessly with the pre-rendered loops.
All of the loops in this product are 100% Royalty-Free. So, once you have purchased this product you can use these loops in your commercial releases without having to pay any extra.
About Nano Musik Loops:
Nano Musik is a producer from Germany with considerable experience in composing for advertising campaigns and other commercial projects. With the Nano Musik series, you can get the same level of composition in your projects.
Login to leave your own review.


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Archive for year: 2015
You are here: Home / Blog / Product Template / 2015
http://porkpiedrums.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/frankenpork.jpg 654 939 admin http://porkpiedrums.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/porkpielogo-340x156.png admin2015-02-26 15:59:222015-03-17 18:10:39Frankinpork
Hello Porkers
Frankinpork/0 Comments/in Behind the Trough, Video /by admin
Hello Porkers
I have been working on this snare drum for a few weeks now. When I order raw 8 ply Maple snare tubes, they come with enough shell to get about 3 snare drums from one tube. I have tons of 4×14 shells left over. I have been waiting for the piccolo to come back in fashion.
I took 5 shells. 3 shells for the inside and 2 for the outside. Cut and fit with lots of glue and I made a 7X14, 16 ply Maple snare drum shell. We finished it with Rosewood vertical veneer inside and outside with a satin oil finish, This drums is spectacular!
Enjoy the video.
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Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first NJ.com user to add photos or videos of Post Realtors
Post Realtors is located at 26 Orchard St, Hillsdale, NJ. This business specializes in Real Estate Appraisal.
Post Realtors can be found at Orchard St 26. The following is offered: Other Real Estate. The entry is present with us since Sep 7, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 12, 2013. In Hillsdale there are 4 other Other Real Estate. An overview can be found here.


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Blotched Emerald
Sunday, 18 June 2017
Lee Mount - 17th June
Another new one for here in the trap this morning, but not a lot else. A nice easy one to identify for a change but not the best angle for the photo !
Posted by David Sutcliffe at 00:02
1 comment:
- AndyC said...
Brilliant record Dave a very rare Yorkshire resident with very few recent Yorkshire records and a first for Calderdale well done.....
From YNU website
Very local in mature oak woodland and infrequently recorded. There seems to have been some reduction in range as most recent records have been from the south of the county.
- 18 June 2017 at 01:22
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Uber passwords and partial credit card info are showing up for sale on the darkweb. This passwords ahve been confirmed to be valid.
From ars:
According to the listing (Tor, AlphaMarket login required), he or she has sold 131 such logins since March 18.
Ars attempted to contact the two vendors but they did not immediately respond.
In an interview with Motherboard, one vendor claimed to have "thousands" for sale, and even provided a sample of them. As the site reported Friday:
Motherboard reached out to one of the users whose email address and password was put up for sale: James Allan, sales director for OISG, a technology solutions company.
Allan confirmed that the username and password Motherboard had seen were correct, as well as the expiry date on his personal credit card. He doesn't actually use Uber anymore, and the last trip he booked was in December 2013.
"Bloody hell," Allan said over the phone, when he was told what his password was.
He was "extremely surprised" by the revelation, he said. Allan also said that he doesn't use the internet much for financial transactions, preferring cash "for this very reason."
In a statement e-mailed to Ars on Saturday morning, Uber spokeswoman Trina Smith said that the company did not find evidence of a breach.


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Den fjärde generationens Apple TV är släppt och enheterna är just nu på väg till de första som förhandsbeställt. De publikationer som fått exemplar i förhand har nu släppt sina recensioner så står du i valet och kvalet om denna nya modell är något för dig har vi samlat länkar till tolv av dessa tillsammans med korta utdrag. Har du redan beställt och väntar kan du läsa om vad du har att förvänta dig.
Universal Mind – The Apple TV is no longer just a hobby
As with so many things in technology, everything old is new again. The desire to conquer general purpose computing in the living room is decades old, but the timing and execution for widespread mainstream adoption may finally be right.
The Verge, Walt Mossberg – The Apple TV gets smart
In effect, Apple TV has become a sort of iPhone or iPad for the TV, a platform for apps usable across a room. By making the box another vessel for its giant assortment of third-party apps and home-grown services, Apple is putting itself in a position to host programming the networks and studios are increasingly streaming, as well as new kinds of TV content.
The Verge, Nilay Patel – The future of TV is here. Or is it?
It is not the world's most understated tagline for a new product, especially one from Apple. If you want to set sky-high expectations around a new TV product after years of rumors and sly winks and shelved plans, well, that's exactly how to do it. You say that you've invented the future of TV, and that it is here.
The Wall Street Journal – A Giant iPhone for Your Living Room
What makes apps better than channels? For starters, you can pay for just the ones you want. And they're interactive, so content can be tailored and you don't have to just accept whatever happens to be showing live.
BuzzFeed – The Apple TV You've Always Wanted Is Finally Here
The new Apple TV isn't just an upgraded set-top box, it's the first "true" Apple TV, one that articulates Apple's vision of what the TV viewing experience should be. It's an appealing vision.
Mashable – Channels are dead — the future of TV is apps
A lot of the apps on Apple TV are for viewing content. After all, channels are dead — it's all about apps. And when it comes to content apps, everything you knew from the old Apple TV is here too, along with some new additions.
CNET – The smoothest streaming TV today, powerful potential tomorrow
I tried most of those games with a compatible controller, the Steel Series Stratus XL, and in most cases I found it more precise and responsive. But for casual games and quick one-off entertainment jaunts, it's pretty great to just pick up the remote and click.
Yahoo – Loads of Potential—and Lots of Bugs
But here's why Apple executives keep calling the Apple TV "the future of TV": it can run apps far beyond TV and movies. Apple wants us to think of the Apple TV as another phone or tablet, capable of running all the same kinds of apps.
USA Today – Siri adds voice to Apple TV but where's the 4K?
The App Store on Apple TV resembles its counterpart on iOS devices. (Apple's tvOS operating system is based on iOS.) Apple won't disclose the total number of apps coming at launch, but says there's major interest among third-party developers.
MobileSyrup – Apple reimagines the set-top box
Apple's re-imagined Apple TV aims to disrupt the set-top box industry the same way the company altered the inherent concept of what a smartphone is capable of with the iPhone, as well as the tech giant's current ambition to dominate the wearable space through the Apple Watch.
Refinery 29 – Your Living Room Needs The New Apple TV
If you are an iPhone user and you own a TV, you're going to want the new Apple TV.
abc News – Apple TV Brings iPhone-Like Apps to the Big Screen
It turns out that Apple's streaming-TV box — aptly named Apple TV — isn't just for streaming anymore. Its latest incarnation, which ships this week, offers on the big screen just about anything you could previously only do on an iPhone or iPad.
Läs också:


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On a whim I decided to take out some old decks that I hadn't played in forever and try them against the AI. The first game went fine, but now I can't get past turn 2 with the AI before it hangs the game (typically in my prep phase with no triggers).
Is it a server load issue? Should I repair? Is this happening for other people? Am I stupid?


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Are You a TADAE ?
One of the esteemed Common Ground artists, Max Eternity , is also the publisher of a terrific online magazine called AD Mag (short for Art Digital Magazine). Max has also been a champion of helping to define those creative persons who fall into the TADAE fine art subset.
TADAE (pronounced: Today) is a moniker, which stands for Traditional And Digital Artist Engineer. "Persons who might choose to define themselves in the TADAE subset", suggests Max, "are artistic engineers, art technologists and traditional artist who embrace the virtual aspect(s) of their work as a natural continuum to the legacy of the existing, pre-digital, global arts community."
TADAE artists use cutting edge digital techniques in their creative pursuits while paying respect – even incorporating – time-honored traditional artistic genres and practices.
Check out Max's piece in the Gifted Artists Collection in the Common Ground 2010 Gallery. It's called called Sacred Heart #4.
2 Responses to "Are You a TADAE ?"
dee hood says:
Once again Max, you have led me to another interesting site! The book looks great and your image is wonderful! Congratulations!
Eternity says:
Using art and technology to speak to a transforming society is as relevant today as it was nearly 100 years ago when Walter Gropius–founder of the Bauhaus–declared the motto of the school to be "Art and Technology: A New Unity."
Common Ground has captured this spirit, and in creating the Sacred Heart series "Sacré Coeur d'Haiti", it was my intention to draw from the magical landscape style paintings often seen in the work of Haitian artists. Holding that in mind, I set out to use the new technology in an artistic way to reach directly to a core aspect of Haiti's cultural and spiritual life, creating these "heart" works based on the spirit flags of Haiti, employed in various religious ceremonies native to that land.


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I'M not sure this is really a Thanksgiving story. But it does involve turkeys, who have become (none to their benefit, I'd say) ``deeply associated'' with Thanksgiving.
And it's a true story. But being an editor by profession, I disclose right now that I took down no notes on this subject over the course of the last year and recorded no interviews on a tape recorder. All conversations are mere approximations, based on what I remember of them.
The story begins in our living room shortly after Thanksgiving last year.
``I've just been talking with Laurianne,'' my wife announced, rushing in through the front door. ``Guess what's been spotted on our road? Wild turkeys!''
``That's nice,'' I responded from the sofa, flashing a quick glance away from the football game on TV.
``Well, we think they're wild. But they could have escaped from a farm.''
``Ummm. That's true,'' I muttered, staring at the TV.
``Laurianne thinks wild turkeys are different from the domestic ones. Leaner. Different markings. I'm going to look them up in my bird book.''
``Yes, good.... Well, that should tell you something about them, all right,'' I offered, ever-so-subtly leaning around her to catch the next play.
``Isn't that ironic? I mean that they showed up the day after Thanksgiving?'' she mused.
``Hmmmmmmm,'' I said.
That was the end of the turkey story - or so I thought.
A few days later I was parking the car in our driveway. I should say that our backyard is surrounded by trees: pines, oaks, and maples. It's a typical New England landscape. We live about 25 miles west of Boston in Holliston, Mass. I guess you'd call it a suburb. But that's part of the story. You see, some of my neighbors like to think we're a small rural town, with woods, fields, and all God's critters close at hand. Others think we're a suburb: convenient location, good schools, and low crime - no fuss, no muss.
ANYWAY, I had just gotten out of the car and was looking into the backyard. Suddenly, something was sailing down out of the trees, a giant, dark what-is-it headed right for me. In an instant, my mind tried to categorize it. One of the evil Winged Monkeys from the Wizard of Oz? No, wait, just the biggest bird I'd ever seen.
A few seconds later, a second bird, nearly as large, swooped down from another tree. Then a third. They began pecking the ground a few feet away, feeding on something, and ignoring me.
The turkeys!
It wasn't long after that turkey sightings became all the rage on our street. We especially shared information with Laurianne, who lives across the street and raises dogs, cats, sheep, and geese, along with any wild thing that comes her way and needs help.
We learned that wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are more slender than the domestic ones bred for their meat. And their tail tips are chestnut colored, not white like their domestic cousins. The sac hanging from their chins is called a wattle; the fleshy projection on their foreheads is a snood or dewbill; the bumps at the base of their throats are caruncles. The males are toms or gobblers; the females, hens; the young are called poults.
They sleep in trees, feed on the ground, can fly up to 1/4 mile, but are just as likely to run away as take to the air. They're the largest game bird in North America. Turkey fossils date back to 2.5 million BC. Aztec and Zuni Indians bred them centuries ago for both food and feathers. Hunters nearly wiped them out in our area by the early 19th century, the birds being particularly easy and rewarding prey. But in recent years, they've made a comeback.
It was nice to have something special about our street, a topic for conversation, a reminder to ourselves to notice the natural world.
But winter, which keeps us inside a lot here in New England, stepped in. At any rate, the turkey mania died down by Christmas. Until spring.
That's when the tom (the other two were hens) began pestering people. The stories multiplied: He chased the mailman; he chased the garbage man; he scared a five-year-old riding her bicycle. He stood in the road and blocked traffic, fanning his tail feathers (probably trying to impress his hens) and daring motorists to shoo him aside.
First the local newspaper ran a story on the ``turkey tempest'' in Holliston. A local television station did a tongue-in-cheek piece, tracking down terrible Tom through our neighbor's backyard. Then came the big time: CNN beamed a segment on the turkeys around the world. The Associated Press sent out a story that who-knows-how-many newspapers picked up with the headline ``Big Birds Run Afoul.'' I even had the odd experience of being interviewed on my front lawn by a freelance writer sent to find the turkeys. ``Where do they usually hang out?'' he asked. I was tempted to pull his leg just a little, maybe send him on a wild-turkey-chase across town. But I guess I had been on too many writing assignments myself to be that mean. I told him what little I knew.
That's when Part II of the story began. Driving down our street, I spotted the two hens. But something strange was happening. The tall grass around them was alive with movement. As they strutted out onto a lawn I could see they were surrounded by scurrying balls of fluff. Chicks. Five, eight, 10, 15, no, wait, count again. It was hard to keep track. Seventeen, I think!
For some of our neighbors, the sight was one of those joys of spring, a celebration of new life. But for others it was the final straw, proof of an animal-pest problem now gone completely out of control.
The selectmen, our town officials, were confronted on the issue. What were they going to do about these wild animals on the streets? No one really wanted to see them hurt (well, one fellow apparently offered to shoot them and give the meat to the needy).
The selectmen were trapped in a politically delicate situation, not wanting to displease nature lovers or tidy suburbanites. The Animal Rescue League of Boston stepped in. The league agreed to trap the birds, who had obviously become quite comfortable with humans, and give them a home until they were ``adopted'' as pets. One day we got a call from Laurianne. ``They came and got them today,'' she said.
NO more looking for Tom and the girls. No more checking to see how much the poults had grown or where they'd been spotted last and by whom.
I have to admit my thinking about turkeys has changed a bit. They seem more than awkward homely birds fit only for a dinner table. I'll still eat the main course on Thanksgiving, but maybe with a little less gusto.
Oh yes, there's one thing I forget to mention. The rescue league didn't get all of them. One of the poults comes to Laurianne's deck to visit. Altogether, we've spotted two toms and three hens still on the lose.
Let's see: At an average brood of 14 chicks per hen, next spring there should be....


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A man with a twinkle in his eye, who lived for his science and his students, the man who bravely fought the apartheid machine, has died. What lives on is his remarkable legacy in the fields of palaeoanthropology, genetics, medicine and humanitarianism. By MANDY DE WAAL.
It is hard to think of Emeritus Professor Phillip Valentine Tobias as dead. He was a man who was so brilliantly alive. Two years ago, when he was 85, Tobias spoke to Sunday Times about death: "Retirement is the kiss of death. I still come to the office most days, but as you can see there's no computer on my desk. I officially retired from my chair of anatomy after 30 years at the end of 1990, then immediately took up another three years – and then retired in the sense that they no longer paid me."
But during the last few months of his life, Tobias battled with ill health and finally succumbed in hospital at midday on Thursday. He was revered around the world. Tobias completed a medical BSc and lectured at Wits Medical School before getting his doctorates in medicine, palaeoanthropology and genetics. An honorary doctorate at Cambridge University followed, and in 1959 he became head of anatomy at the Wits medical school. He succeeded his friend, mentor and teacher Raymond Dart, who earned fame for discovering the "Taung" skull, a species he claimed to be an evolutionary "bridge" between apes and humans. Tobias studied genetics with Dart, who cultivated in his student a great love of palaeoanthropology. But the man, who was to become one the world's most respected experts on human evolution, first started thinking about humans' ancestors as a child who loved to read comic books.
The Chicago Tribune tells of how Tobias was engrossed by cave-man comics that portrayed Neanderthals as stooped brutes. "They had the spark divine in their heads, but they were bent over in appallingly bad posture," Tobias told the Tribune. "That was the view then, that we became human in our brains before we became human in our posture and our teeth," said the octogenarian who saw many paradigms in the study of ancient humans overturned during his time. "We have to swallow hard and open our minds – I've always loved changes of paradigm, and we are living on the brink of big ones at this moment. I'm very excited. I don't think we're 50% of the way toward resolving the outstanding questions of human origins," said Tobias before warning that not being open to new ideas in his field could lead to rapid "cerebral fossilisation".
Though Tobias is legendary for unearthing man's ancient ancestry, back home it was his huge regard for humanity and his active struggle against Apartheid that made him a true son of the South African soil. Born in Durban on 14 October 1925, Tobias moved to Johannesburg to study science and medicine at Wits University a few years before the dark shroud of apartheid started to become a legislated evil. "Only a few years after I arrived here, the Apartheid regime came to power under DF Malan and they won that fateful election on an Apartheid platform. Every branch of society was to be segregated. Discrimination was to be enforced between the haves and the have-nots, between black and white South Africans," Tobias said when he received the Walter Sisulu Special Contribution Award in 2007.
At the time, Tobias described how universities like Wits faced the threat of government-enforced segregation. "Immediately, I took action. NUSAS, the National Union of South African Students, which had been non-racial – or 'multiracial' as the Americans preferred to call it – elected me president in July 1948, only a few months after the apartheid regime had assumed office." In 1949, Tobias and his colleagues would launch what he called SA's first anti-apartheid campaign. "In the beginning, it was a campaign to fight against the threat that apartheid be imposed on the universities. Over the years, it expanded its remit so as to oppose all other moves to impose segregation and grand apartheid on every sector of society."
Tobias told of how Special Branch police would invade Wits repeatedly to fire teargas at students and staff. Helicopters whirred overhead to spy on students, but served another purpose as their noisy engines drowned out dissenting speeches.The three-time Nobel Prize nominee would rage against the apartheid machine throughout its existence, and in 1987 this would see him face off against then minister of education, FW de Klerk. The New York Times reported that thousands of university students rallied against political conditions that the government of the time was trying to install, in order to get these institutions of higher learning to toe the party line.
Universities were supposed to report on misconduct by anti-apartheid activists in a "spy for subsidies" blackmail type scheme that was cooked up by the PW Botha regime. Universities were to agree to hand over information to De Klerk within weeks in return for subsidies. "'We shall not subjugate ourselves to these savage conditions," Tobias told cheering students and academics. "We shall not prostitute our calling as academics to become a spying and policing agency. This university will not become a tool of repression."
The New York Times wrote: "At Witwatersrand University, lecturers wearing academic gowns formed a human chain to protect militant black students from police action, and white professors held hands with black university workers wearing overalls."
Tobias once explained why he raged against Apartheid. "You may perhaps wonder: why should I have all this scientific mumbo-jumbo thrust on to me? It is of nobody's concern what I believe about the expanding universe or the atomic theory. Why therefore should I concern myself with the scientific theory of race?
"The answer is that these other terms and concepts are emotionally and politically neutral; the term 'race', on the other hand, is heavily charged emotionally and politically and full of unsound and even dangerous meanings. It is in the name of 'race' that millions of people have been murdered and millions of others are being held in degradation. That is why you cannot afford to remain ignorant about 'race'.
"In a society in which the question of race has come to loom as largely as it does in South Africa, there is, I believe, a positive duty on a scientist who has made a special study of race to make known the facts and the most highly confirmed hypotheses about race, whenever a suitable opportunity presents itself. I should be failing, therefore, in my academic duty, if I were to hold my peace and say nothing about race, simply because the scientific truth about race runs counter to some or all of the assumptions underlying or influencing the race policies of this country. In no field is the need of guidance from qualified scientists more imperative than in this very subject of race," Tobias said, then in his 70s.
A gentleman, great academic, revered teacher, prolific publisher and much-loved human being, Tobias still speaks to us. "Even when things appear to be at their worst, always look for the positive. I felt very strongly about Apartheid and fought strongly against it, starting the first anti-Apartheid movement at Wits. I always felt it would change, it was inevitable. I don't feel any particular grievance or grumpiness about the state of things. I'm an eternal optimist and have every hope that things are going to come right."
And his advice to those of us still studying or learning about life? "'Never lose your sense of wonderment,' I have repeatedly said. On the other side of the coin, how sad I have felt, and how sympathetic, when I have been confronted, happily not often, with a student who is blasé, uninterested, beset with a closed mind. Such people are a challenge to the teacher and to the idealist, and when both are combined, as in myself, when the mentor is brimming with an overwhelming sense of wonder, it is doubly challenging…The retention of my personal sense of wonderment and of enthusiasm has, I feel sure, played a big part throughout my life."
Tobias the man is no longer with us, but his massive intellect, work and wisdom remain with us forever. DM
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Photo: Phillip Tobias (Raasgat – Wikimedia Commons)
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