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Is it possible to become pregnant from pre-ejaculatory fluid sometimes called "pre-cum" or preseminal fluid, or Cowper's fluid? Before we get on to the answer, let's first understand what pre-ejaculatory fluid is and what its function is.
This prevents the semen from entering the woman's body. However, even if the penis is withdrawn before ejaculation, pre-ejaculate fluid may contain sperm cells that can cause pregnancy and it may also contain organisms that cause sexually transmitted infections STIs , includingHIV.
This study was designed to establish whether motile spermatozoa are released with pre-ejaculatory fluid and whether this fluid therefore poses a risk for unintended pregnancy. Forty samples of pre-ejaculatory fluid were examined from 27 volunteer men.
The longer answer is that there are a lot of variables, and we still need more study to be done on this to give a better answer. Do we know that pre-ejaculate fluid can contain sperm?
There is semen and there is pre-ejaculatory fluid. They are different and have different purposes, composition and functions.
There are a number of situations or circumstances related to intercourse that leave people with many questions. Can you get pregnant with pre-cum pre-ejaculate fluid , or can you get pregnant without penetration, or can you get pregnant grinding?
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If we use modal choice content broker-plattformen a criterion, a decision maker who satisfies KT-V4 should choose A over C at least 50, A over D at most 50, content broker-plattformen C over D at most 50 of the time, as indicated by the shaded smaller cube attached to the vertex KT-V4. Geometrically, this means that the data are represented by a star located above the shaded cube in Figure 3.
KT-V4 predicts the preference ranking DAC, i.

subset: commoncrawl


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Product Details
Brand new, high fashion.
Special wavy design which made the item feel more breathy.
15 colors like the Macaron will make you look more energetic.
Same look and feel as the Apple straps Made from smooth silicone.
Suitable for keeping your Apple watch secure while running, dancing or working out.
Band Material: Silicone
Length of strap(Effective wrist circumference): 38mm(205mm);42mm(225mm);(you can refer to the size chart for more detail)
Width: 20mm
Color: Blue, Midnight Blue, Turquoise, Green, Mint green, Bright Red, Snob, Orange, Pink, Deep purple, Purple, White, Black, Grey green, Deep grey
Package Contains:
1 x Silicone Watch strap for Apple watch
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The Fine Print
Offer is not eligible for our promo codes or other discounts.


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LOS ANGELES, Feb. 03, 2016 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Hanmi Financial Corporation (NASDAQ:HAFC) ("Hanmi"), the holding company for Hanmi Bank (the "Bank"), today announced that Harry Chung and Michael Yang were appointed to its Board of Directors, effective February 2, 2016.
"I am delighted to welcome Harry Chung and Michael Yang to our Board of Directors," said Hanmi's Chairman, Joseph K. Rho. "Harry's extensive industry experience in financial services coupled with Michael's background as a successful entrepreneur and business leader will provide valuable insight to Hanmi. On behalf of my fellow Board members, we look forward to working with both Harry and Michael by leveraging their knowledge to help Hanmi achieve the next level of growth and profitability."
Mr. Chung brings nearly 25 years of experience in capital markets and financial services. He currently serves as the Chief Financial Officer of Breakwater Investment Management, a private investment firm based in Los Angeles, California specializing in direct debt and equity investments in leading lower middle market growth companies. Prior to his current role, Mr. Chung served as the Chief Financial Officer of Imperial Capital, a full-service investment bank offering comprehensive services to institutional investors and middle market companies. Before this, Mr. Chung held numerous leadership positions at Jefferies and Company, Inc., a global investment bank. Mr. Chung earned his B.S. in accounting from the University of Illinois in Champaign-Urbana.
Mr. Yang has more than 30 years of experience as a successful entrepreneur and corporate executive. He is currently the Founder and CEO of MSY LLC, a private investment company with holdings in real estate and equites. Prior to this, Mr. Yang was Co-founder and CEO of three technology start-ups, which were sold to larger enterprises at significant premiums, including mySimon, Inc. which was acquired by CNET. Mr. Yang began his career at Xerox Corporation and Samsung Electronics, Co. Ltd., where he held positions of increasing responsibility in engineering, marketing and corporate development. Mr. Yang earned his B.S. in electrical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, his M.S. in computer science at Columbia University and his MBA from the Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley.
About Hanmi Financial Corporation
Headquartered in Los Angeles, California, Hanmi Financial Corporation owns Hanmi Bank, which serves multi-ethnic communities through its network of 42 full-service branches and 6 loan production offices in California, Texas, Illinois, Virginia, New Jersey, New York, Colorado, Washington and Georgia. Hanmi Bank specializes in real estate, commercial, SBA and trade finance lending to small and middle market businesses. Additional information is available at www.hanmi.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements, which are included in accordance with the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "could," "expects," "plans," "intends," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," or "continue," or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are "forward–looking statements" for purposes of federal and state securities laws, including, but not limited to, statements about anticipated future operating and financial performance, financial position and liquidity, business strategies, regulatory and competitive outlook, investment and expenditure plans, capital and financing needs and availability, plans and objectives of management for future operations, developments regarding our capital plans, strategic alternatives for a possible business combination, merger or sale transaction, and other similar forecasts and statements of expectation and statements of assumption underlying any of the foregoing. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statement. These factors include the following: failure to maintain adequate levels of capital and liquidity to support our operations; the effect of potential future supervisory action against us or Hanmi Bank; general economic and business conditions internationally, nationally and in those areas in which we operate; volatility and deterioration in the credit and equity markets; changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits; availability of capital from private and government sources; demographic changes; competition for loans and deposits and failure to attract or retain loans and deposits; fluctuations in interest rates and a decline in the level of our interest rate spread; risks of natural disasters related to our real estate portfolio; risks associated with Small Business Administration loans; failure to attract or retain key employees; changes in governmental regulation, including, but not limited to, any increase in FDIC insurance premiums; ability of Hanmi Bank to make distributions to Hanmi Financial, which is restricted by certain factors, including Hanmi Bank's retained earnings, net income, prior distributions made, and certain other financial tests; ability to identify a suitable strategic partner or to consummate a strategic transaction; adequacy of our allowance for loan losses; credit quality and the effect of credit quality on our provision for loan losses and allowance for loan losses; changes in the financial performance and/or condition of our borrowers and the ability of our borrowers to perform under the terms of their loans and other terms of credit agreements; our ability to control expenses; and changes in securities markets. In addition, we set forth certain risks in our reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K that we will file hereafter, which could cause actual results to differ from those projected. We undertake no obligation to update such forward-looking statements except as required by law.
CONTACT: Ron Santarosa SEVP & Chief Financial Officer 213-427-5636 Lasse Glassen Investor Relations Addo Communications 310-829-5400
Source:Hanmi Bank


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While organizations increasingly implement web-enabled ideation systems to access the collective intelligence of their distributed employees, recent studies show that most attempts to use these systems underperform or fail. This article draws on a qualitative case study of the Ericsson system "Idea Boxes" to explore a novel approach to manage ideation based on the use of the moderator role. The aim of this study is to understand to what extent and how the introduction of moderators can contribute to a better management of web-enabled ideation systems and to overcome the shortcomings commonly associated with their use. The contribution of this study to innovation literature is threefold. First, it develops a conceptual framework that gives insights into the practices implemented by moderators to manage ideation, namely: (1) formulating an ideation strategy, (2) combining means for community building, and (3) formalizing the ideation process. It focuses on unfolding their key complementarities. Second, this study relates these practices to the shortcomings of web-enabled ideation systems with respect to the sourcing, filtering, and handling of employees' ideas. It discusses how the identified practices can help organizations address these shortcomings by stimulating sustained employee participation, increasing the quality and fit of the ideas generated, and ensuring their efficient selection and integration. Third, this article compares moderators to other innovation roles discussed in the new product development literature with the aim of broadening the future research agenda toward an investigation of emerging organizational roles having limited formal authority to manage innovation. The findings of this study provide valuable guidelines to managers to implement more sophisticated approaches for a better management of the ideation process through web-enabled ideation tools.
This article investigates the effects of different characteristics of supplier-customer relationships in the Japanese automotive industry, and how these influence predictions about future technologies of a disruptive nature, such as Electric Vehicles (EVs). We conducted a survey of a broad set of suppliers in the Japanese automotive industry and another survey of suppliers registered with Toyota's two supplier associations. The data were used to analyse the influence of particular relationships and practices on information gathering about new technologies, preparations for R&D and production of new components, and predictions about new technologies. The study shows that suppliers' R&D intensity and the usage degree of the drawing-supplied parts system lead to predictions favouring the uptake of new technologies. Moreover, communication between automakers and suppliers and arm's-length relationships simultaneously lead to favourable views on the future of new technologies, especially with regard to EVs. Moreover, we find that Japanese-style cooperative relationships, arm's-length relationships, communication between automakers and suppliers, and communication among suppliers all lead to less favourable views on new technology uptake (in this case, EVs). We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice, specifically for EVs.
The Internet of Things (IoT) bears great potential for innovation in modern companies. Agility and speed both matter when innovating in such a context. The first Inno4IoT workshop focuses on how to properly achieve and balance the two aspects while innovating IoT-based solutions, which represents unique opportunities and challenges to researchers and practitioners alike. An overview of the three working papers presented and published in the workshop is provided in this introductory paper.
This chapter aims to explore Management Control Systems (MCS) resulting from the implementation of agile development methods, relying on an established MCS taxonomy. An abductive approach was adopted, considering the shortage of research evaluating the post-adoption effects of agile methods. Four organizations from an international telecommunication firm that implemented agile methods were involved, and 44 individual semi-structured interviews were performed. In addition, 121 free comments from a global survey to the same organizations were used as secondary data. The paper indicates how Scrum, a widespread agile method, implicitly brings multiple enforcing levers of control to a team's self-regulatory learning processes.
Reflecting the emergence of new organizational forms and hybrid organizations, this edited collection explores the processes of exchange, collaboration and technological management that have changed organizational structures. By investigating the impact that inter-organizational collaboration can have on the production and implementation of ideas within new firms, this study contributes to the growing field of innovation and responds to the need for a greater understanding of renewed processes. The authors argue that collaborations need to go beyond existing practices to create emerging paths such as bricolage, experimentation, effectuation and learning. Drawing together a diverse body of literature on the internal dynamics that drive organizational change, Learning and Innovation in Hybrid Organizations presents multiple perspectives on combining organizational flexibility with learning and innovation, and provides implications for future practice. © The Editor(s) and The Author(s) 2018.
In the closing chapter, editors synthesize elements theorized across the volume and suggest further avenues for research both for theory and empirics based on the proposal arising from the contributors and form their own reading of each chapter.
Drawing upon recent literature, which employs social networks in the field of project management, the aim of this research is to empirically investigate the importance of projects' social capital for knowledge development in R&D projects. Primary data were collected via sociometric questionnaires on a population of 53 biotech R&D projects located at one of the most important science parks in Sweden. The analysis focused on the distinctive structural configuration of projects' social capital, among which the roles of network diversity were emphasized. Our results suggest that certain structural configurations of project social capital maximize the level of effectiveness in knowledge development. More specifically, we found an inverted U-shaped relationship between projects' network diversity and their level of knowledge development, demonstrating that intermediate levels of diversity maximize project knowledge development. Implications for innovation managers and policymakers are discussed.
The aim of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the concepts of hybrid and new organizations. Its intent is also to make clear the type of contribution the book is intended to bring to the literature on hybrid organizations. The structure of the book and how to navigate it, together with a short summary of contributions, are presented.
New organization designs emerge continuously in highly dynamic innovation context to improve readiness to change. The adoption of self-managing teams operating cross-functionally on a bulk of products, together with the reduction of vertical layers in the organization, seems to be a common strategy for many organizations aiming to achieve higher level of efficacy and shorter lead times. Authors explore the extent to which new micro-and meso-level organizational forms contribute to the achievement of organizational efficiency, and produce secondary effects on long-term innovation goals.


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Greedy Industry Leaders Form Exclusive Club, Neglecting American Interests
By YENA SEO, THE WALL STREET JOURNAL (opinion)
Note: This information was given exclusively to the Wall Street Journal by Charles Dow in the Captains of American Industry committee.
New York – After a tumultuous series of events in South America, the United States is at war with the United Kingdom. While the war was originally attributed to the targeting of a U.S. merchant vessel out of a South American port by British torpedoes, the Wall Street Journal has exclusive evidence proving that the war was in fact instigated by American industry leaders out of their own selfish motivations.
Several captains of American Industry have assembled an exclusive "Union Club" to pursue their own business interests rather than the general welfare of the american public. Charles Dow, the founder of the Wall Street Journal, worked undercover in the Union Club to to identify its existence and break this exclusive story.
Through the Union Club, the big business heads of the United States have actively worked together to promote their own industries. The war in Venezuela was started by Eugene DuPont, head of the DuPont corporation, who planted bombs in Venezuela to sink the American vessel that launched the United States into a full-scale war with the United Kingdom. The war was started to promote the growth of certain industries and bolster profits, successfully creating a military-industrial complex in the United States.
The British Royal Navy, the most powerful naval fleet in the world, is now setting sail towards the U.S. for a full-scale invasion as a direct consequence of the measures taken by Eugene DuPont and other members of the Union Club. Furthermore, the President of the United States has appointed these business leaders to even bigger positions, as they are now serving as his war advisers. The public should be outraged that the security of this great nation and the safety of our brave American soldiers and sailors have been directly compromised as a result of manipulative chess-playing by industry leaders.
Additionally, the war with the United Kingdom was started to distract the American general public, who had been growing increasingly frustrated with the decisions made by big business leaders. The move was an attempt to limit the growth of the populist movement and silence those demanding fair treatment and better working conditions. The Union Club also has enormous sway over the upcoming special elections, with both Republican and Democratic candidates back by the Union Club.
Members of the Union Club include, but are not limited to: Eugene DuPont, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Thomas Edison, and Leland Stanford. The Wall Street Journal notes that this story is the exclusive content of the Wall Street Journal. Joseph Pulitzer and the New York Times actively promoted yellow journalism in collaboration with the Union Club to facilitate this war.
Placards of several members of the Union Club, an elitist group of industry leaders who instigated the US' war with the UK behind-the-scenes for business profits.


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Eyebrow threading near Dublin 6, Dublin
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Clarity Therapy & Beauty Clinic
Rathmines, Dublin
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Clarity Therapy & Beauty Clinic is a well-established beauty salon which has recently moved to Ranelagh near Rathmines, Dublin 6. If you have a busy week and it's difficult to find a spot in your time to pamper yourself with a massage, threading or a waxing treatment, this venue is for you. They are known for their convenient opening times as they're open until 9pm Tuesday to Saturday. The passionate and gifted salon owner provides advice regarding every treatment she performs, all in a lovely and relaxed environment for affordable prices. This holistic salon offers plenty of on-street parking close by the venue.
Eyebrow, Lip & Chin Threading
45 mins
Save 28% €20
Eyebrow & Upper Lip Threading
30 mins
Save 16% €15
Eyebrow Threading & Tinting
20 mins
Save 10% €18
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Blow Salon - Richmond Street
Dublin 8, Dublin 0.1 mi from Dublin 6, Dublin
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Situated on Richmond Street, just south of the Liffey, Blow Salon caters for the busy woman looking for a professional hair or beauty treatment. With extended opening hours, they are perfect for a pre or post work appointment. Blow was founded by Noelle McCarthy in 2002 and was the first salon in Ireland to open 364 days a year, from early morning to late evening. Blow offers an extensive range of services, including a full nail bar, massage, waxing, tinting, and tanning. Their experienced hairdressers will tailor your cut, colour or blow dry to suit your own unique style. At Blow they have carefully selected all their products, with every treatment carried out using high-quality products from a well-known brand.
Eyebrow Threading
15 mins
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Mint Nails & Beauty Spa
Portobello, Dublin 0.2 mi from Dublin 6, Dublin
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Mint Nail & Beauty Spa is centrally located near the canal in South Richmond Street, providing a wide range of nail services from manicure and pedicures to acrylic and gel extensions. Hair removal and massage services are also available. The salon is bright and spacious with a comfy waiting area, ample workstations and luxurious pedicure areas. Their professional team offer experience and attention to detail, ensuring each service is immaculate and beautiful, just as requested. They use only the best products to ensure lasting results, with over 100 colours to choose from to suit any mood and occasion. Their extensive menu covers all of your nail needs, whether is a quick file and polish, a set of impressive gel nails or a bit of pampering with a spa manicure and pedicure package. Open from Monday to Sunday, they are easily accessible via numerous bus routes and are near the Luas Line with on-street parking close by.
Eyebrow Tinting+Threading
25 mins
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Blow Salon - Leeson Street
Dublin 4, Dublin 0.1 mi from Dublin 6, Dublin
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Located on Leeson Street, just off the Grand Parade in Dublin, Blow Salon offer an extensive menu of hair and beauty treatments. Offering an invigorating Indian head massage, or a full body massage, their highly trained staff are always on hand to help relieve those tight muscles, while their tan and makeup specialists will leave you fresh-faced and glowing. Founded by Noelle McCarthy in 2002, Blow was the first salon in Ireland to offer Sunday opening hours. With extended morning and evening opening hours, if you're looking for a relaxing evening or a quick beauty pamper, Blow Salon has an extensive menu for you to indulge in.
Eyebrow Threading
15 mins
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Akara Nails & Beauty
Terenure, Dublin
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Akara Nails & Beauty is a beauty salon situated on Terenure North Road, Terenure, Dublin 6. Specialising in nails, the salon offers a wide range of beauty treatments from nails to waxing that are sure to suit all your beauty needs. The luxurious furnishings and the overall polished look in the salon exudes an air of confidence and professionalism. With a team of highly qualified and friendly staff offering the highest standards of service and quality, you'll be sure to leave Akara Nails & beauty feeling and looking refreshed.
Eyebrow Tweeze
15 mins
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Beauty at The Works - Dublin 6
Dublin 6, Dublin
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Beauty at The Works Hair and Massage Beauty is situated in the vibrant neighbourhood of Terenure, Dublin. They offer a complete and comprehensive list of services to help you relax and unwind or create your dream look. Their bold exterior is as impressive as the salon's interior, which is decorated with strong and vibrant colours, and houses numerous decadent and glamourous treatment chairs. Their team of skilled staff will help you immerse yourself in the tranquil environment of the salon, allowing you to enjoy every minute of your luxury pamper treatment.
Eyebrow Threading
15 mins
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The Source Holistic Centre
Rathmines, Dublin
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Located in Rathmines, Dublin, The Source Holistic Centre is a beauty salon offering a comprehensive range of treatments for all your needs. All treatments are performed to the highest standards by Urmila, an experienced and skilled therapist, who aims to make you look and feel fantastic every time. She provides the services in a calm and pleasant atmosphere, where you can rest assured you're in good hands and enjoy the most of your treatment.
Dermalogica Facial & Eyebrow Threading
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The premier Unreal single player site
Custom Map Reviews
Custom Map Reviews
Map Information
Map Title: The Court of Izn-Nali
Main Review
The Court of Izn-Nali is a very old map, having been made my Claycle back in '98. The readme tells us that it was submitted for a mapping contest, and that it was supposed to be the first part of a series. While it may have been impressive back in Unreal's heyday, it falls short by modern standards.
Architecture is quite a bit below Unreal-quality, but Claycle definitely tries. The outer ruins are decent; they're not great, but the author makes a point of having the player think about how he or she is going to get somewhere. The inside of the court is overscaled, though, and there are a lot of square places in the map. Textures are, more often than not, stretched. Lighting is usually sourced, but there are a few noticeable areas where there's no source at all. In terms of technical execution, there weren't any major problems that I came across, but there were a ton of visual BSP holes that were awfully distracting.
Gameplay is fairly easy, but the tight corridors at the start of the map make it a bit more challenging. There are only three types of enemies, too: Krall, Skaarj Warriors, and Skaarj Troopers. The lack of enemy variety is disappointing, and there are some switches that very few will find unless they open up the editor and look. I stumbled upon one such switch by chance after running around and hugging walls.
The sound was passable; Claycle makes use of ambient and dynamic ambient sounds, but they usually end up being too quiet. The music was fitting, but there isn't much else to say about it. The translator messages were well-written, but there's not a hint as to what the player's motivations are. Is he/she part of a rescue team? Did they get to the temple by chance? A backstory would have been nice.
The Court of Izn-Nali is pretty bad by today's standards, but I still found it interesting. There wasn't really anything special about it, aside from its well-written translator messages and the occasional switch that's nigh impossible to find. If the author had put more thought into gameplay, it would have been a much better map.
Total Score:
Second Opinions
None to date.
Download izn-nali.zip (1MB) from GameFront


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More from Unequal Risk
More from Unequal Risk
A series examining the epidemic of work-related disease in America.
Part One: Toxic substances kill and sicken tens of thousands each year as regulation falters.
Part Two: The risks unborn children face from their parents' exposures.
Part Three: The struggles that have plagued the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) since it opened its doors 44 years ago.
Additional stories will appear later this year.


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Members of the genus are found worldwide and include the jungle cat (Felis chaus) of southeast Asia, European wildcat (F. This has been criticized as implausible, because the reward for such an effort may have been too little; cats generally do not carry out commands and although they do eat rodents, other species such as ferrets or terriers may be better at controlling these pests.
The alternative idea is that cats were simply tolerated by people and gradually diverged from their wild relatives through natural selection, as they adapted to hunting the vermin found around humans in towns and villages.
While the African wildcat is the ancestral subspecies from which domestic cats are descended, and wildcats and domestic cats can completely interbreed (being subspecies of the same species), several intermediate stages occur between domestic pet and pedigree cats on one hand and entirely wild animals on the other.
The semiferal cat, a mostly outdoor cat, is not owned by any one individual, but is generally friendly to people and may be fed by several households.
Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.
Failure to control the breeding of pet cats by neutering, as well as the abandonment of former household pets, has resulted in large numbers of feral cats worldwide, requiring population control.
Huehnergard opines it is "equally likely that the forms might derive from an ancient Germanic word, imported into Latin and thence to Greek and to Syriac and Arabic".
Guus Kroonen also considers the word to be native to Germanic (due to morphological alternations) and Northern Europe, and suggests that it might ultimately be borrowed from Uralic, cf.
Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.Within the jaw, cats have teeth adapted for killing prey and tearing meat.When it overpowers its prey, a cat delivers a lethal neck bite with its two long canine teeth, inserting them between two of the prey's vertebrae and severing its spinal cord, causing irreversible paralysis and death.Cats are thought to be primarily responsible for the extinction of 33 species of birds, and the presence of feral and free-ranging cats makes some otherwise suitable locations unsuitable for attempted species reintroduction. In comparison to dogs, cats have not undergone major changes during the domestication process, as the form and behavior of the domestic cat is not radically different from those of wildcats and domestic cats are perfectly capable of surviving in the wild.A 2016 study found that leopard cats were undergoing domestication independently in China around 5,500 BC, though this line of partially domesticated cats leaves no trace in the domesticated populations of today. Cats have either a mutualistic or commensal relationship with humans.


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ThermaTru, a fiberglass and steel exterior door systems company wants to save time and money on their brochure marketing material production. The goal is to create an east-to-use system for managers and distributors to create customized print. The solution the company applied did much more than maintain the quality and consistency of the corporate materials.


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Holidays in Rajasthan captivate the imagination of the tourists especially when they pass through the cities of Rajasthan. Jodhpur vacation is one of such destination of Rajasthan which is filled with glorious history, art and architecture, forts, palaces, temples, flora and fauna and many more. Some of the major tourist destinations of Jodhpur vacation are Mehrangarh Fort is one of the largest forts in India spreading over 5 Kms; Jaswant Thada
is famous for royal cenotaph built in white marble; Umaid Bhawan Palace is built during the time of famine to provide employment to the people; Government Museum is famous for the collection of weapons, textiles, miniature portraits etc. Rai-ka-Bag Palace; Umed Garden; Raj Ranchhodji Temple; Achal Nath Shivalaya; Siddhnath; Ganesh Temple; Mandore; Ossian; Balsammand Lake & Palace; Kaylana Lake; Guda Bishnoi; Jaswant Sagar Dam etc.


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SGS Environmental Monitoring Services
- Nathaniel O'Connor'
- 1 years ago
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1 SGS Environmental Monitoring Services Source Emission Testing
2 PRINCIPLE Stack testing is performed to measure emissions to the atmosphere from stacks or ducts Emissions include particulate matter, waste gases, fumes and vapours to the atmosphere the use of a stack or chimney Stack emissions becomes a plume in the atmosphere that slowly become diluted with the other atmospheric gases 2
3 WHY? Process environmental performance / compliance to permit levels Complaints Process design performance Data for abatement measures In all cases an accurate and defendable result is critical 3
4 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Plant acceptance testing Oil refineries Cement industry Paper mills Power generation Waste incineration Motor vehicle production Gold, platinum and aluminium refineries 4
5 BASIC PRINCIPLES (DISCONTINUOUS) A pollutant s concentration is measured by extracting a known volume from the gas stream, passing it over a filter and series of impingers while measuring the average flow rate over the sampling period The concentration and mass emission rate is then calculated based on the mass of pollutant, volume of gas sampled and average flow rate C = m/v (mg/m 3 ) Emission rate = c*flow rate (mg/hr) However we need to extract t a representative ti sample! Tests are performed in accordance to Reference Methods Methods are created as a reference in order to ensure all testing occurs under conditions that can be repeated and ensure an accurate result. Any deviation risks compromising the accuracy and/or repeatability and must be fully documented and justified in test reports 5
6 REFERENCE METHODS Symbol Name US EPA Method Sample and velocity traverses 1 Determination of stack gas velocity and volumetric flow 2 (type S pitot) O 2, CO 2 Gas analysis for oxygen, carbon dioxide, determination of dry molecular weight Determination of moisture content in stack gases 3(Instrumental) 4 SO 2 Sulphur dioxide 6C (Instrumental) NO x Oxides of nitrogen 7E (Instrumental) CO Carbon monoxide 10 (Instrumental) PM Particulate t matter 5 SO 2 Sulphur dioxide 8 F - Total flourides 13B TRS Total reduced sulphurs Dioxins and Furans 16A 23A TOC Total organic compounds 25A HCl, HF Hydrogen chloride, fluoride 26A 6
7 CONTINUOUS SAMPLING Dedicated mobile Laboratories Continuos O 2, CO 2, CO, NO x, SO 2, N 2 O, NH 3, CH 4, TOC Rack mounted monitors eg. Horiba / FID 7
8 1. Traverse points PROCEDURE (DISCONTINUOUS) Calculate the number and location of traverse points for velocity and particulate sampling, based on upstream/downstream distances Calculate the location of the traverse points 2. Determine the appropriate nozzle size Velocity and stack pressure measurements are performed by a type "S" Pitot tube. The pitot is inserted into the stack at each of the traverse points and faced into the gas flow. 3. Stack gas molecular weight is determined instrumentally based on the concentrations of stack gas (CO 2, O 2, CO, N 2 ) 4. The percentage water vapour in the gas stream is calculated based on the volume of water collected in the impingers and sample volume Representative sampling requires that the velocity of the sample passing into the nozzle must be as close as possible to the velocity of the gas stream. When the velocities are the same, the sampling is isokinetic 8
9 TYPICAL SAMPLING TRAIN Part Function Nozzle Gas extraction ti point: at same velocity of process gas Probe Filter Impingers Pump Gas meter Pitot tube To reach point of sample in the duct To remove the particulates To remove target gas by chemical reaction To withdraw the gas from the bulk stream through the impingers To precisely measure the gas flow and hence determine the total volume sampled To measure the gas velocity 9
10 PROCEDURE (CONTD) COLD T <20 C No water! HOT T >110 C Hot section: keep water in gas phase, collect dust Cold section: keep water in liquid phase, collect water and dtarget tgas species 10
11 CASE STUDY CONFIDENTIAL Location: Europe, Africa, South America, China Source: Kiln Emission Testing Objective: Regulatory compliance Process and pollution abatement efficiencies Lafarge inter-company comparative studies Scope of testing: Particulate matter (dust) Metals Mercury Dioxins and Furans Methodologies: Local Methods EPA Method 5 EN EPA 29 EPA 23A Gaseous emissions Results Standardized sampling, analytical and reporting methodologies allowing comparison of results from different plants around the world 11
12 VENT EMISSION TESTING Emissions from Petroleum Refinery atmospheric vents represent a significant ifi source of VOC emission i resulting in: 1. Impact on health and safety of workers 2. Loss of product and PROFIT 3. Escaping VOCs contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and ground level ozone = SMOG 4. Increased odour emissions Client: Petroleum Refinery Project Dates: Title: VOC Abatement and Recovery Project Significant source of VOC and odour pollution SGS was appointed to act as the technical consultant to the refinery to perform VOC monitoring on all process vents in an attempt to estimate emissions and quantify product losses The results of testing have initiated a number of vapour recovery projects resulting in lower emissions and increased savings 12
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Case Logic Luminosity Action Camera Bag
Through snow, dirt, water and sand, action-cam users vary in activities, but they agree on one attribute for their gear: simplicity. This bag doesn't fuss with zippers or complicated fasteners to slow you down, just gently pull the oversized loops (even while wearing gloves or with frozen fingers) and your camera and gear are yours for the taking. To close, tug the easy-cinch hypalon tabs and you'll be on your way. Included carabiner allows you to clip case to yourself or another bag while fearlessly capturing adventure videos to show-off to friends and family.