text:
Constant Voltage Charger Selection for VRLA Batteries
- Vivian Hardy
- 3 years ago
- Views:
1 TECHNICAL BULLETIN Constant Voltage Charger Selection for VRLA Batteries Please Note: The information in this technical bulletin was developed for C&D Dynasty 12 Volt VRLA products. While much of the information herein is general, larger 2 Volt VRLA products are not within the intended scope /0712/CD
2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 a. Charging Current Acceptance 3 b. Recharge Time as a Function of Depth of Discharge 4 2. Charger Selection and Sizing 4-7 a. Cycle Service Charger Selection 7-10 b. Emergency Lighting Charger Selection c. UPS Charger/Rectifier Output Requirements d. Telecommunications Charger/Rectifier Selection Summary 20 List of Tables Table 1 - Recommended Charging Voltage 5 Table 2 - Recommended Maximum Charging Current vs. Depth of Discharge 7 Table 3 - Recommended Maximum AC Ripple Voltage and Current 7 Table 4 - Cycle Service Charger Recommended Output Characteristics 8 Table 5 - Emergency Lighting Charger Recommended Output Characteristics 11 Table 6 - UPS Charger Output Characteristics Recommendations 14 Table 7 - Telecommunications Rectifier/Charger Recommended Output Characteristics 16 List of Figures Figure 1 - Typical Charging Profile 3 Figure 2 - Recharge Time vs. Depth of Discharge 2.3v/c and 0.1C) 4 Figure 3- Float Charging Voltage vs. Float Service Life 6 Figure 4 - Emergency Lighting System 11 Figure 5 - Off Line UPS Block Diagram 13 Figure 6 - On Line UPS Block Diagram 13 Figure 7 - Typical Telecommunications DC System Block Diagram 15 Figure 8 - Charging "K" Factor at 2.40 and 2.45v/c 18 Figure 9 - Charging "K" Factor at 2.40 and 2.45v/c 19 Figure 10 - Charging "K" Factor at 0.1C & 2.25, 2.30 & 2.40v/c 20 Figure 11 - Charging "K" Factor at 0.5C and 2.3v/c /0712/CD 2
3 INTRODUCTION For optimum system cost and performance the battery and charger should be specified as a system. Not only does the charger capability determine the recharge time required but it also has a significant impact on the service life of the battery. Typically, other than cost, the time required to recharge a battery is the major concern of the battery system user. The recharge time required will be a direct function of the output voltage and current capability of the charger, depth of discharge of the battery and the battery temperature. Utilizing a higher charging voltage or greater charging current capability can be correctly assumed to reduce the recharge time required to attain the desired state of charge. However, higher recharging voltage and current availability may also have a negative impact on battery service life. Other important considerations in the charger selection relate to the battery's tolerance for AC ripple voltage present on the charger DC output and the limitations of any critical load connected in parallel. Therefore, the selection of the charger must consider the characteristics and limitations of the battery and any parallel connected load as well as the desired recharge time and charger cost. Charging Current Acceptance A profile of battery current acceptance and charger output voltage during a typical recharge is illustrated in Figure 1. This profile will vary depending on the depth of the preceding discharge and the charger output characteristics. In general however, that period known as the "bulk phase" takes the battery to approximately an 85% to 90% state of charge (SOC) while the so called "absorption phase", with declining current acceptance, takes the battery to a 95% SOC. The last 5% of capacity is restored during what is called the "float phase". Due to the very low current acceptance during this "float phase" an extensive period of time is required to attain the necessary ampere hours of recharge to reach a 100% SOC /0712/CD 3
4 Recharge Time The VRLA battery has internal resistance and other characteristics such that it is not 100% efficient during discharge or recharge. As a result, to attain a 100% state of charge (SOC) it requires that the battery be recharged with about 110 Ampere hours for every 100 Ampere hours removed during the discharge. Due to the relatively low charging current acceptance of the battery once it has attained approximately a 90% state of charge, the time to attain a 95% or 100% state of charge is greatly extended. Note in Figure 2 that it requires 4 times as long to reach 100% SOC as it does to reach 90% SOC. Attainment of 100% SOC requires an inordinate amount of time, as shown in Figure 2. It is usually most practical size the charger to provide for 90% to 95% SOC and then oversize the battery by 5% to 10% to assure it can deliver the required autonomy following a reasonable recharge period. CHARGER RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTPUT LIMITATIONS Selection of the appropriate charging system for the battery will typically be a function of the cost and bulk of the charger and battery performance in terms of recharge time and service life. The charger selected for a cyclic application is typically lower capacity, less sophisticated and less costly than the charger/rectifier utilized in a float service application. In the case of float service applications such as for UPS and telecommunications systems, the requirements of the critical load will also be a major factor in the charger/rectifier selection because the critical load may have more stringent voltage regulation and purity requirements than the battery itself /0712/CD 4
5 There are several characteristics that the VRLA battery charger should posses regardless of the application and these would include: 1. AC input circuit breaker 2. AC input voltage of nominal +/- 10% capability 3. DC output circuit breaker or fuse 4. Charger/charging status indicator(s) 5. Output short circuit protection 6. Over voltage alarm/disconnect feature 7. High temperature alarm/disconnect feature 8. Output voltage and current monitoring 9. Diode isolation of the charger output from the load Charging Voltage Limitations The voltage at which the battery is charged is critical to recharge time, performance and service life. The minimum charging voltage required to fully recharge a lead acid battery is a direct function of the electrolyte specific gravity (SG) which determines the fully charged open circuit voltage (OCV) of the cell. The VRLA batteries have an electrolyte specific gravity from to and the recommended charging voltages are as noted in Table 1. VRLA Series Electrolyte Specific Gravity Recommended Float Voltage/Cell Recommended Equalization Voltage/Cell Recommended Cycle Service Voltage/Cell TEL (AGM) 2.26 to 2.30 v/c 2.40 to 2.47 v/c Not Rec. UPS (AGM) 2.26 to 2.30 v/c 2.40 to 2.47 v/c Not Rec. VRS (AGM) 2.26 to 2.30 v/c 2.40 to 2.47 v/c 2.40 to 2.47 v/c DCS (AGM) 2.26 to 2.30 v/c 2.40 to 2.47 v/c 2.40 to 2.47 v/c SGC (AGM) 2.26 to 2.30 v/c 2.40 to 2.47 v/c Not Rec BBG (GEL) 2.26 to 2.30 v/c 2.35 to 2.40 v/c Not Rec BBA (AGM) 2.26 to 2.30 v/c 2.35 to 2.40 v/c Not Rec Table 1 - Recommended Charging Voltage Per Cell Exceeding the recommended charging voltages will result in excessive electrolysis of the water in the electrolyte, gassing, dryout and premature wear out of the battery plates. Using less than the recommended float voltage will result in the inability to bring the battery to a full state of charge, following discharge, resulting in residual lead sulfate remaining in the plates and declining capacity with successive cycles. The impact of improper float charging voltage on service life is noted in Figure /0712/CD 5
6 Battery Charging Current Limitations The required output current capability of the charger is typically determined per the equation; I C = Ah R x K x T R Where: I C = Required charger current available in amperes Ah R = Ampere hours removed during the discharge T R = Recharge time desired in hours K x = A constant determined as a function of the charging voltage, battery depth of discharge (DOD) and attainable recharge times to specific states of charge (SOC). The battery has an internal resistance (R i ) and as charging current (I) passes through the battery, heat will be generated as a function of the square of the current multiplied by the internal resistance of the battery (watts = I 2 R i ). There is additional heat generated as a result of the exothermic oxygen recombination cycle, which occurs at the negative plate of the VRLA battery. With high current availability, deep depth of discharge (DOD) and higher charging voltages the duration of the high charging current may be such as to cause the battery to become excessively warm. To maintain battery heating below a 10 C (18 F) temperature rise during recharge, the charging current availability should be limited to the recommendations noted in Table 2. These recommendations reflect both the rate and depth of discharge of the battery being recharged /0712/CD 6
7 Maximum Rate Discharge Period to End Point Voltage Approximate % Depth of Discharge Relative to 20 Hour Rated Capacity Recommended Charging Current Limit Relative to Battery 20 Hour Rated Capacity 15 Minute 45% C 20 /1 (100 amps per 100 AH) 30 Minute 55% C 20 /2 (50 amps per 100 AH) 1 Hour 60% C 20 /3 (33 amps per 100 AH) 3 Hour 75% C 20 /4 (25 amps per 100 AH) 8 Hour 90% C 20 /5 (20 amps per 100 AH) 20 Hour 100% C 20 /6 (17 amps per 100 AH) Table 2 - Recommended Maximum Charging Current (l c ) vs. Depth of Discharge Battery Charging AC Ripple Voltage and Current Limitations When the DC charging voltage contains an AC ripple voltage (V rms ) component an AC ripple current (I rms ) will flow through the battery in addition to the normal DC charging current. Due to the low internal resistance (R i )of the battery the resulting AC ripple current can be very large, up to 100 times as large as the DC float current, and result in significant heating (I rms2 R i ) of the battery in float service applications. Since the battery service life is reduced by 50% for every 18 F (10 C) above it's rated operating temperature of 77 F (25 C) any long term increase in it's temperature should be avoided. The recommended charger output maximum allowable AC ripple voltage (V rms ) and current (I rms ) are noted in Table 3. Application Cycle Service Charger Float Service Charger Max. AC (RMS) Ripple Voltage 1.5% of DC Charging Voltage 0.5% of DC Float Voltage Max. AC (RMS) Ripple Current 0.15C Amperes RMS (15 Amps RMS per 100 Ah capacity).05c Amperes RMS (5 Amperes RMS per 100 Ah of capacity) Table 3 - Recommended Maximum AC Ripple Voltage and Current CYCLE SERVICE CHARGER SELECTION Typical battery cycle service applications are those where the battery supplies primary power for systems such as trolling motors, electric scooters, wheelchairs, robots and portable instrumentation, lighting or communications systems. These chargers are typically of the SCR, ferro-resonate or magnetic amplifier type and have less regulation and minimal filtering of the output voltage. In these applications the battery is usually discharged to an 80% or greater depth of discharge at a relatively low average rate. It is Typically desired to recharge the battery as quickly as possible using a higher charging voltage. Following recharge of the battery the charger must be disconnected or the higher charging voltage switched to a lower float charging level to prevent permanent damage to the battery. Table 4 presents recommendations related to the selection of a charger for cycle service application /0712/CD 7
8 Charger Characteristic Recommended Limitations Comments Fast Charge DC Voltage / Cell v/c v/c v/c v/c DC Charging Amperes Available 0.2 C 0.2 C 0.1 C 0.1 C.02C is the minimum recommended current availability Recharge Hr. following the discharge cycle(s) totaling 90% DOD Switch to Float Voltage / Cell or "X" D. C. Amperes Current Acceptance 7.2 to 95% 18 to 100% 10a. per Ah 10.2 to 95% 20.2 to 100% 5 ma. per Ah 10.3 to 95% 20.9 to 100% 10.6 to 95% 24.8 to 100% When selecting a charger for a portable power (cycling) application it is necessary to determine: 1. Recharge time required 2. Ah removed from the battery 3. Ah rated capacity of the battery at the 20 hour rate 4. Depth of Discharge (DOD) (item 2 divided by item 3 x 100%) With the above information, the output current required from the charger can be determined using Equation 1. 10a. per Ah 5 ma. per Ah 0.005C at 2.4 v/c (5 ma. per Ah of rated capacity) 0.01C at 2.45 v/c (10 ma. per Ah of rated capacity) Max. DC Charging Amperes Recommended C/5 or 0.2 C 20 amperes per 100 Ah of rated capacity Max. DC Float Voltage / Cell 2.3 v/c 2.25 to 2.30 v/c Range % Charging Voltage Regulation +/- 3% for "Fast" Charge Voltage +/- 1% for "Float" Charge Voltage Max. AC Ripple Voltage / Cell 1.3% Vrms of "Fast" Charge Induces ripple current. Voltage 0.5% Vrms of "Float" Charge Voltage Max. AC Ripple Current / Cell 0.15 C During "Fast" Charge (15 Results in battery heating. A per 100 Ah) 0.05 C During "Float" Charge (5 A per 100 Ah) Max. Charging Temperature -4 F to +122 F Float Voltage Temp. Compensation Factor v/c per f Min. = 2.17 v/c Max. = 2.50 v/c Table 4 - Cycle Service Charger Output Characteristics Not normally required unless battery would remain on "float" for indefinite periods following recharge. Equation 1 I C = Ah R x K x T R Where: I C = Charger current available in amperes AH R = Ampere hours removed during the discharge K x = Empirically derived constant selected from Figures 8, 9 or 10 for attaining a 95% or 100% state of charge (SOC) at a specified recharge voltage per cell. = Recharge time desired in hours T R /0712/CD 8
9 For example, assume a 33 Ah battery will be 90% discharged and it is desired to recharge it at 2.4 v/c within 16 hours to 95% SOC. Keep in mind that the maximum recommended charging current in this case would be C/5 (0.2C) or 6.6 amperes in this case of a 33 Ah battery per Table 2. Parameter Value Comment Rated 20 hr. Capacity (C 20 ) 33 Ah VRS12-33IT Ampere-hours Removed (Ahr) 29.7 Ah 90% x 33 Ah Depth of Discharge (DOD) 90% Charging voltage 2.4 v/c 14.4 vdc for 12 volt battery Recharge time in hours (Rt) 16 Hours Desired Recharge SOC 95% Desired K Ref. Fig C Refer to Figure 9 and note that K 95 for 2.4 v/c would be C current limit). The charger required output current would then be calculated as: Equation 1 I C = Ah R x K x T R = (33 Ah x 90%) x Hr. = 4.18 amperes minimum An alternative l c can be calculated utilizing the K 95 from either Figure 8 or 10 for the 2.4 v/c at 0.1C current limit curve of = (33 Ah x 90%) x Hr. = 2.19 amperes minimum In this case, at 2.4 v/c, a charger with an output of between 4.2 and 2.2 amperes will be adequate to recharge the battery from 90% DOD to 95% SOC within 16 hours. If the battery is to be frequently charged only to a 95% SOC it will be required that the battery be occasionally equalized or overcharged to assure 100% SOC and prevent the battery from "cycling down". If the charger has the capability to recharge at 2.45 v/c, the above process should be repeated using this value in that it will be found that a charger with an even lower current output (and thus more economical) can be utilized. Assume it is desired to recharge the battery to 100% SOC using 2.45 v/c in 16 hours without exceeding the maximum recommendation of l c = 0.2C (6.6 amps in this case). The required charger output capability is calculated as follows: /0712/CD 9
10 Parameter Value Comment Rated 20 hr. Capacity (C 20 ) 33 Ah VRS12-33IT Ampere - hours Removed (Ahr) 29.7 Ah 90% x 33 Ah % Depth of Discharge (DOD) 90% Charging voltage 2.45 v/c 14.4 vdc for 12 volt battery Recharge time in hours (Rt) 16 Hours Desired Recharge SOC 100% Desired K Ref. Fig C Using Figure 9, the K 100 is found to be 4.0 (at 0.2C current limit) and the charger current capability required is calculated as: = (33 Ah x 90%) x Hr. = 7.43 amperes minimum Note that 7.43 ampere requirement is greater than the 6.6 ampere (0.2C) maximum recommended. This indicates that the battery cannot be recharged to 100% SOC within 16 hours at the recommended rate. Therefore, if the maximum rate of 6.6 amperes is to be used, the recharge time to 100% SOC is determined as: Rt = (33 Ah x 90%) x Amperes Rt = 18 Hours to 100% SOC Once the battery is fully charged, the high rate charging voltage (greater than 2.3v/c) must be discontinued to prevent gassing and dryout of the battery. Rather than simply disconnecting the charger at the completion of recharge, the charger can be automatically switched to the lower float voltage. This voltage change should be initiated when the charging current acceptance has declined to.005 amperes per Ah of rated capacity at 2.40v/c or.01 amperes per Ah of rated capacity at 2.45v/c. In this case with a 33Ah battery, the switching point would be approximately amperes at 2.4v/c and amperes at 2.45v/c. EMERGENCY LIGHTING CHARGER SELECTION In emergency lighting systems the charger is used to maintain the battery in a state of readiness on float charge and to recharge the battery following a loss of utility power and operation of the emergency lights. The battery is not normally connected to the critical load (lights) so the charger output requirements are determined solely by the required recharge time and battery characteristics /0712/CD 10
11 Selection of a charger for emergency lighting purposes must consider not only the needs of the battery but also the requirements of the UL 924 (Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment) standard. While this standard does give minimum battery operating time (1.5 hours) for the emergency lights and maximum recharge time (168 hours) requirements for the battery it also specifies relevant safety, construction and performance criteria to assure personnel safety. Table 5 provides recommendations for characteristics of the charger, which contribute to attaining the desired performance and service life from the battery. Charger Characteristic Recommended Limitations Comments Recharge Hr. to 95% SOC Hr. Hr. 10 Hr. to Hr. to to (assumes 65% 90 min. 95% 95% 95% 95% rate) SOC SOC SOC SOC DC Float Voltage Cell to F DC Charging Amperes 0.2 C 0.1 C 0.2 C 0.1 C C = Battery 20 Hr. Rated Ah Available Capacity Max. DC Charging Amperes 0.3 C 0.3 C 0.3 C 0.3 C (assumes 65% 90 min, Recommended rate) C = Battery 20 Hr. Rated Ah Capacity Min. DC Charging Amperes 0.02 C 2 amperes per 100 Ah of 20 Hr. Recommended rated capacity DC Equalize Charge Voltage/Cell 2.4 volts/cell Normally only used for 24 hours at time of installation % Charging Voltage Regulation +/ - 1% for "Float" Charge Voltage Max. AC Ripple Voltage/Cell 0.5% Vrms of Roe Charge Voltage Induces ripple current. Max. AC Ripple Current 0.05 C During Float Charge Results in battery healing. 5 Amps rms per 100 Ah Max. Charging Temperature -4 F to -122 F Float Voltage Temp. Compensation Factor v/c per F Min. = 2.17 vic Max. = 2.50 vic Not normally required unless battery would remain on float for indefinite periods following recharge. Table 5 - Emergency Lighting Charger Recommended Output Characteristics /0712/CD 11
12 Again, the minimum required charger output current could be calculated using Equation 1. Assume that a 24 Ah battery will be discharged to a 65% DOD at the 90 min. rate and it is desired to recharge the battery to 95% SOC at 2.3 v/c within 24 hours. Parameter Value Comment Rated 20 hr. Capacity (C 20 ) 24 UPS12-100MR Ampere-hours Removed (Ahr) Ah x 65% % Depth of Discharge (DOD) 90 min. rate Charging voltage 2.3 v/c Recharge time in hours (Rt) 24 Hr. Recharge SOC 100% K From Fig v/c) The minimum required current would be calculated as: Equation 1 I C = Ah R x K x T R I c = (26 Ah x 65% DOD) x Hr. I c = amperes The value of amperes is well below the recommended maximum of 7.2 amperes (0.3C) and above the recommended minimum of 0.02C of 0.48 amperes as noted in Table 5. There for a charger with an output that was current limited to between 0.7 and 7.2 amperes would be selected. UPS CHARGER/RECTIFIER OUTPUT REQUIREMENTS A UPS system may have a separate rectifier dedicated to recharging and maintaining the battery, similar to the arrangement shown in Figure 5 or the battery may be connected directly across the main rectifier in parallel with the inverter as shown in Figure 6. When selecting a rectifier/charger for use in a UPS system it should comply with the construction, performance and safety requirements as presented in standard UL 1778, titled Uninterruptible Power Supply Equipment /0712/CD 12
13 Naturally, when the battery utilizes the same output that is supplying the DC to AC inverter as shown in Figure 6, the rectifier must supply current adequate to power the inverter at full rated load in addition to recharging the battery. Consequently, when the UPS is not operating at full load, and the charging circuit does not have a separate regulator, more current is available to recharge the battery. Excessive recharge current will result in reduced recharge time but will also result in potentially excessive heating of the battery. This should be considered when defining the charging system to be utilized as well as when sizing the battery. Table 6 indicates the recommended characteristics for the charger output to attain 95% SOC. To provide a second full length standby period (e.g. 15 minutes) at full load following a short recharge period (e.g. 90 minutes) it is recommended to oversize the battery by 5% or 10% rather than to increase the charging voltage and current availability. This will normally result in a less expensive charging system and less abuse of the battery /0712/CD 13
14 Charger Characteristic Recommended Limitations Comments DC Float Charge Voltage / Cell Recommended 2.3 v/c 2.3 v/c 2.3 v/c 2.3 v/c Use of 2.4 v/c beyond the initial 1.5 hours is not recommended. Charging Current Available 1.0 C 0.5 C 0.2C 0.1C Max. 1.0C at 15 min rate discharge Recharge Time to 95% State of Charge Following 15 Min. Max. Rate Discharge to 45 % DOD 60 min 80 min 168 min 180 min Recharge Time to 95% State of Charge Following 30 Min. Max. Rate Discharge to 55 % DOD Max. DC Fast (Equalize) Charge Voltage / Cell 1.0 C not rec. for 55% DOD 2.4 v/c 130 min 228 min 312 min Max. 0.5C at 30 min rate discharge 2.4 v/c 2.4 v/c 2.4 v/c Normally only used for 24 hr. at time of installation. Not recommended for more than 90 min. for fast recharge. % Charging Voltage Regulation +/- 1% Max. AC Ripple Voltage / Cell.5% Vrms of "Float" Charge Voltage Induces AC ripple current Max. AC Ripple Current 0.05 C During "Float" Charge 5 amperes per 100 Ah of capacity Creates battery heating Max. Charging Temperature -4 F to +122 F Recommended the charging source be disconnected from battery at 122 F. Float Voltage Temp. Compensation Factor v/c per F Min. = 2.17 v/c Max. = 2.50 v/c This is an important consideration when the battery is placed in an environment with wide temperature swings. Table 6 - UPS Battery Charger Output Characteristics Recommendation When sizing the rectifier/charger for a UPS system, keep in mind that it must be capable of supplying the requirements of the DC/AC inverter as well as the power to recharge the battery. For example, assume that a 60 KVA DC to AC inverter drew 53.3 kw at 240 VDC or approximately 222 amperes (53,300 watts/240vdc). The charger/rectifier would then have to provide 222 amperes plus that required to recharge the battery. The battery sized to provide 15 minutes of autonomy for the inverter would be rated at approximately 130 Ah at the 20 hour rate and would be discharged to approximately a 40% DOD during the 15 minute discharge. Parameter Value Comment Rated 20 hr. Capacity (C 20 ) 141 Ah UPS MR Ampere - hours Removed (Ahr) 55.5 Ah 222 amps x 0.25 Hr. % Depth of Discharge (DOD) Charging voltage 40% 2.3 v/c Recharge time in hours (Rt) 90 Minutes Recharge SOC 95% K Fig.11 (0.5C to 95% SOC) /0712/CD 14
15 Assuming it was desired to recharge the battery to a 95% SOC within 90 minutes at 2.3 v/c, the charging current available would be calculated as: I c = AH R x K x T R I c = 46.3 amperes charging current available or approximately 0.3C Therefor the total charger/rectifier output capability should be approximately 222 amperes plus the 46 amperes required for charging for a total of 268 amperes. Notice that if the inverter were only operating at 75% of full load and drawing 167 amperes, there would be a total of 101 amperes (0.78 C) available for recharging the battery. As can be seen, as the load continues to be reduced, the recommended maximum charging current noted in Table 2 for the battery will be exceeded. For this reason, it is recommended that there be a separate current limiting capability for the battery charging function and that it be appropriately adjusted as a function of the UPS load and anticipated battery DOD. Telecommunications Charger/Rectifier Output Requirements Typically in telecommunications systems the battery is connected in parallel with the critical load at a power distribution point. The charger/rectifier then has to supply the power to not only the critical load but also to recharge the battery following a power outage. Naturally since the critical load and battery are sharing power, when the critical load is not demanding full load current, the excess current is available for battery charging. Again, while the additional available current may expedite the recharge process it may also abuse the battery resulting in reduced service life. A similar situation occurs when the charger/rectifier is sized for future growth or an additional rectifier is connected in parallel for improved reliability. This can result in excessive recharge current being available if the battery has been sized only with respect to providing the required standby time for the present critical load. In these cases, a battery should be initially sized with respect to the battery load. An alternate battery should then be sized according to the charger output capability using 100 Ah of battery capacity per 20 amperes of charging current available (per Table 2). Then the larger of the two batteries should be utilized /0712/CD 15
16 The following Table 7 summarizes the recommended characteristics for the charging output to the telecommunications battery system. Charger Characteristic Recommended Limitations Comments DC Float Charge Voltage / Cell to 2.30 v/c 77 F v/c v/c v/c v/c DC Charging Amperes 0.2 C 0.1 C 0.2 C Available Recharge Hr. Following an 8 hour discharge at the 8 hour rate to approximately an 88% DOD 12 Hr. to 95% SOC 17 Hr. to a 95% SOC 27 Hr. to 95% SOC 34 Hr. to a 95% SOC Max. DC Charging Amperes Allowable C/4 (.25C) for 3 Hr. discharge rate In the typical telecommunications system the rectifier/charger is required to have excellent filtering to eliminate any AC ripple voltage that would degrade the performance of the critical load. In addition, the battery is always in parallel with the load and supplies an additional degree of filtering of the rectifier output during normal operation. One "rule of thumb" specifies that the battery capacity in Ahs should be at least four times greater than the available charging current to assure adequate filtering of the rectifier output to the critical load. Since the load and battery are in parallel any rectifier output capability not being demanded by the load is then available to recharge the battery. The minimum current required to recharge the telecommunications battery is calculated in much the same manner as was used to size the required charging current for a battery in a UPS application. For example, assume that a telecommunications load requires an average of 20 amperes and it is desired to provide 5 hours of autonomy. It is furthered desired to recharge the battery, following the 5 hour discharge, to 95% SOC within 24 hours at 2.25 v/c. The battery required to provide the 5 hour 20 ampere capability would be rated at approximately 115 Ah at the 20 hour rate. The DOD would then be : 100% x (20 Amps x 5 hr) = 87% DOD 115 Ah 25 amperes per 100 Ah Rated Cap. C/5 (.2C) for 8 Hr. discharge rate 20 amperes per 100 Ah Rated Cap. % Charging Voltage Regulation +/- 1% Max. AC Ripple Voltage / Cell.012 volts rms per cell 0.5% rms of float voltage- note that the telecom electronics may not allow this amount of ripple voltage. Max. AC Ripple Current C/20 or 0.05 C 5 amperes rms per 100 Ah of rated capacity Max. Charging Temperature -4 F to +122 F Recommended the charging source be disconnected from battery at 122 F. Float Voltage Temp. Compensation Factor v/c per Min. = 2.16 v/c Max. = 2.5 v/c F This is an important consideration when the battery is placed in an environment with wide temperature swings. Table 7 - Telecommunications Rectifier/Charger Recommended Output Characteristics /0712/CD 16
17 Parameter Value Comments Rated 20 hr. Capacity (C 20 ) 115 Ah Ampere-hours Removed (Ahr) % Depth of Discharge (DOD) 100 Ah 87% 20 Amperes x 5 Hr. 100 Ah / 115 Ah = 0.87 Charging voltage 2.25 v/c Recharge time in hours (Rt) 24 Hr. Recharge SOC 95% K Fig v/c) The rectifier charging current capability required would be calculated as: I c = AH R x K x T R = (20 amperes x 5 hours) x 6.5 (K 95 from 2.25 v/c 0.2C curve in Fig.10) 24 Hours = 27.1 amperes available for battery recharging. There for the rectifier output should be capable of a total of 27.1 amperes (recharging current) plus 20 amperes (critical load current) or 47.1 amperes. Normally one 50 ampere rectifier or two 25 ampere rectifiers in parallel would be used to supply these requirements. When an n+1 reliability philosophy is employed with respect to the rectifiers it is recommended that 2+1 of the 25 ampere rectifiers be utilized so as to minimize the total current available. In this case, with the n+1 philosophy, the current available to recharge the battery would be 55 amperes (75-20) and this exceeds the 0.2C limit recommended for these longer duration discharges. Therefor, it is advised in this case that the battery capacity (C) be increased from 115 Ah per Equation 2. Equation 2: I c = 0.2 C 55 amperes = 0.2 C 55 amperes = 275 Ah minimum capacity At this time it would be beneficial to repeat the sizing problem using a charging voltage of 2.3 v/c with a current limit of 0.1C. It will be found that a lower current less expensive charger can be used at the higher charging voltage and still meet the recharge time requirements /0712/CD 17
20 Summary When selecting a charger, it should contain those characteristics, which assure the personal safety of the operator as well as the safety of the equipment in the application. Consideration should also be given to those features of the charging system that provide for automatic monitoring of the system performance and batteries. When calculating the charger required current availability, Equation 1 should be used Equation 1 I C = Ah R x K x T R If the required current (I C ) is greater than that recommended for the battery application in Table 2, consider one or more of the following: 1. size the battery based on the charger output (e.g. 100 Ah battery per 20 amperes I C ) 2. oversize the battery such that a lower SOC (e.g. 90% or 95%) is required to provide the required autonomy 3. increase the allowable recharge time This will result in extended run time during standby operation and cooler batteries during recharging. To calculate ampere-hours removed during a constant current discharge it is simply the ampere load multiplied by the duration of the load in hours. When the ampere-hours removed must be calculated for a constant power load it can be calculated as: "X" Ahr = (watts per cell/average v/c) x hours discharge duration 1400 Union Meeting Road P.O. Box 3053 Blue Bell, PA (215) Fax (215) (800) Any data, descriptions or specifications presented herein are subject to revision by C&D Technologies, Inc. without notice. While such information is believed to be accurate as indicated herein, C&D Technologies, Inc. makes no warranty and hereby disclaims all warranties, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy or completeness of such information. Further, because the product(s) featured herein may be used under conditions beyond its control, C&D Technologies, Inc. hereby disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, concerning the fitness or suitability of such product(s) for any particular use or in any specific application or arising from any course of dealing or usage of trade. The user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the product(s) featured herein for user s intended purpose and in user s specific application. Copyright 2012 C&D TECHNOLOGIES, INC. Printed in U.S.A /CD
Charger Output AC Ripple Voltage and the affect on VRLA batteries
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 41-2131 Charger Output AC Ripple Voltage and the affect on VRLA batteries Please Note: The information in this technical bulletin was developed for C&D Dynasty 12 Volt VRLA products.More information
UPS Applications and VRLA Battery Sizing
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 41-7334 UPS Applications and VRLA Battery Sizing 41-7334/0213/CD www.cdtechno.com The uninterruptable power system (UPS) is used to protect critical equipment and processes from theMore information
Capacity Testing of VRLA Batteries (20 to 200 Ampere-Hours Capacity)
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 41-7135 Capacity Testing of VRLA Batteries (20 to 200 Ampere-Hours Capacity) 41-7135/0412/CD www.cdtechno.com The VRLA battery is rated in ampere-hours or watts per cell (w/c) at specificMore information
Effects of AC Ripple Current on VRLA Battery Life. A Technical Note from the Experts in Business-Critical Continuity
Effects of AC Ripple Current on VRLA Battery Life A Technical Note from the Experts in Business-Critical Continuity Introduction Given the importance of battery life to UPS system users and the fact thatMore information
Impedance and Conductance Testing
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 41-7271 Impedance and Conductance Testing 41-7271/0512/CD www.cdtechno.com Typically the vented (flooded) lead acid battery is contained in a clear container and the condition of theMore information
Powerterm L120C-D Dual Voltage PSU/Battery Charger Model C2197B 120W 12/24Volt Power Supply/ Battery Charger
DATASHEET Supply both 12Vdc 1Amp and 24Vdc 3 Amps average power to loads in a single product. Ideal for RTU s, dataloggers, remote field instrumentation, alarm systems, etc. where 24Volts is required forMore information
875 Dearborn Drive Columbus, Ohio 43085 Tel: (614) 846-7500 Fax: (614) 885-3990
Selection and Sizing of Batteries for UPS Backup 875 Dearborn Drive Columbus, Ohio 43085 Tel: (614) 846-7500 Fax: (614) 885-3990 Selection and Sizing of Batteries for UPS Backup Abstract Introduction BatteryMore information
Table of Contents. Table of Figures... 3. Introduction... 4. NSB Series Benefits... 5. NSB Approvals and Certifications... 6. ISO Certifications...
Application Manual and Product Information for NSB Series NorthStar Battery Company Table of Contents Table of Figures... 3 Introduction... 4 NSB Series Benefits... 5 NSB Approvals and Certifications...More information
Ametek Prestolite Power AC power / Charger / Battery terms
Ametek Prestolite Power AC power / Charger / Battery terms Basic Values: Voltage: The potential difference at the battery (DC) or at the charger input (AC) measured in Volts. Current: The rate of flowMore information
10 Year VRLA Battery Periodic Maintenance Instructions
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 41-7546 Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery 20 to 200 ampere-hours capacity 10 Year VRLA Battery Periodic Maintenance Instructions 41-7546/0213/CD www.cdtechno.com General InformationMore information
THE PROPER CHARGING OF STATIONARY LEAD-ACID BATTERIES. (YOUR BATTERY IS ONLY AS GOOD AS HOW YOU CHARGE IT.) J. Allen Byrne Engineering, Training and Tech Support Manager Interstate PowerCare, a DivisionMore information
LEAD ACID BATTERY working LIFETIME STUDY
LEAD ACID BATTERY working LIFETIME STUDY Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) Batteries Overview The most common type of battery used on UPS systems and for backup of telecommunications systems. VRLA batteriesMore information
NP Series VALVE REGULATED LEAD-ACID BATTERIES
NP Series VALVE REGULATED LEAD-ACID BATTERIES NP RELIABILITY IS YOUR SECURITY Yuasa NP, NPC and NPH Batteries Utilising the latest advance design Oxygen Recombination Technology, Yuasa have applied theirMore information
Understand Hybrid Generator Battery Systems
Understand Hybrid Generator Battery Systems For off-grid applications powered by diesel generators, move to cyclic operation to save costs Telecommunications operators in Africa, India and other developingMore information
Hybrid Solar & Grid Area Lighting System Hybrid Photovoltaic Street Lighting Systems
Hybrid Solar & Grid Area Lighting System Table of Contents Portland Habilitation Center 1.0 GENERAL... 2 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO HYBRID DESIGN PROTOTYPE ONE... 2 1.2 SCOPE OF WORK... 2 1.3 DEFINITIONS... 2More information
VRLA Batteries. Battery Installation And Start up Guide
TECHNICAL MANUAL 41-7525 VRLA Batteries 26-206 Ampere-Hour Capacity Battery Installation And Start up Guide (For Rack Mounted Systems) 41-7525/0514/CD www.cdtechno.com Table of Contents 12V VRLA BatteryMore information
Temperature Compensated Charging of Lead Acid Batteries
Technical Note Batteries 512-0101-01-01 Rev 1 Temperature Compensated Charging of Lead Acid Batteries Introduction To ensure optimum charging of lead acid batteries, the charge voltages should be adjustedMore information
www.ringautomotive.co.uk Instructions: Retain these instructions for future reference SmartChargePro35 RSCPR35-12v, 2 / 8 / 16 / 35A
SmartChargePro7 RSCPR7-12v, 7A SmartChargePro10 RSCPR10-12v, 10A SmartChargePro15 RSCPR15-12v, 15A SmartChargePro25 RSCPR25-12v, 2 / 6 / 12 / 25A SmartChargePro35 RSCPR35-12v, 2 / 8 / 16 / 35A SmartChargePro50More information
ANALYSIS OF BATTERY CABLE FAULTS USING A DYNAMIC BATTERY MODEL Nosh K. Medora Alexander Kusko Managing Engineer, Electrical Practice Corporate Vice President, Electrical Practice Exponent Failure AnalysisMore information
Height w/o Terminals (in)
EaglePicher Technologies, LLC Commercial Power P.O. Box 47 Joplin, MO 6482 (417) 623-8 email@example.com Carefree Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) MSDS EaglePicher s Carefree lead acid batteries areMore information
Introductory Note: In calendar year 1999, Deltran introduced the Battery Tender Plus into the marketplace. The main reason was that many more AGM style lead acid batteries were being used in a varietyMore information
Battery Handbook. By: RON SMITH
Battery Handbook By: RON SMITH Information compiled from the Battery Charger Handbook and the Battery Handbook written by Alvin G. Graham, Chief Engineer, Ratelco Electronics Inc. Introduction The purposeMore information
If you accidentally get battery acid on your skin, flush it with lots of water
RV Battery Savvy To properly maintain and extend the life of your RV batteries you need to have a basic understanding of what a battery is and how it works. Batteries used in RVs are lead acid batteries.More information
Digital echo-charge. Owner s Manual. Xantrex Digital echo-charge Battery Charger
Digital echo-charge Owner s Manual Xantrex Digital echo-charge Battery Charger Thank you for purchasing a Xantrex Digital echo-charge. Xantrex Technology Inc. takes pride in manufacturing quality productsMore information
IMPORTANT. Always connect the batteries first. Use for 12V battery system only 12V (36 cells) solar panel array.
Manual EN Appendix IMPORTANT Always connect the batteries first. Use for 12V battery system only 12V (36 cells) solar panel array. Use for 24V battery system only 24V (72 cells) solar panel array. BlueSolarMore information
Solar Wind Microhydro Water Pumping Inverters Batteries Professional system design and installation
Solar Wind Microhydro Water Pumping Inverters Batteries Professional system design and installation BATTERY CHARGING GUIDELINES FOR GLOBAL/DAVIDSON TUBULAR PLATE BATTERIES Introduction Your Global/DavidsonMore information
DC GROUND FAULT DETECTION PROVIDED FOR UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES Edward P. Rafter, P. E. Principal Tier IV Consulting Group Lee s Summit, Missouri 64064 INTRODUCTION There are concerns among ownersMore information
Technical Information Battery Management of the Sunny Island Gentle charging control for lead-acid batteries based on current state of the battery
Technical Information Battery Management of the Sunny Island Gentle charging control for lead-acid batteries based on current state of the battery Content Exact determination of the state of charge isMore information
Technical Manual SEVENTH EDITION
Technical Manual SEVENTH EDITION Odyssey Battery Technical Manual Seventh Edition Table of Contents Introduction 3 Why use ODYSSEY batteries? 3 Preface to the Seventh Edition The addition of new sizesMore information
Height w/o Terminals (in)
EaglePicher Technologies, LLC Commercial Power P.O. Box 47 Joplin, MO 6482 (417) 623-8 email@example.com Carefree Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) MSDS EaglePicher s Carefree lead acid batteries areMore information
ENGINEERING MANUAL. SMG (OPzV) Valve Regulated Recombination Cells
ENGINEERING MANUAL SMG (OPzV) Valve Regulated Recombination Cells TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION...3 2. FEATURES...3 No topping-up...3 Compatibility...3 Office compatibility...3 Savings...3 Long life...3More information
Bosch C3 and C7 Battery Chargers: Smart, safe and simple to use
Bosch C3 and C7 Battery Chargers: Smart, safe and simple to use The smart charger for many applications Did you know? The intelligent characteristics of the Bosch C3 and C7 battery chargers enable themMore information
Haze Battery Company Ltd
Haze Battery Company Ltd Sealed Lead Acid 6 & 12 Volt Monobloc AGM Range CONSTRUCTION - AGM battery construction is as shown in the diagram below. The positive and negative grids are cast from a calciumMore information
Wet vs Sealed Batteries A detailed explanation of the differences between charging "Wet" Batteries and charging "Sealed" Batteries.
Service Bulletins & Tips February 2006 Volume 3, Issue 1 In this issue: Wet vs Sealed Batteries A detailed explanation of the differences between charging "Wet" Batteries and charging "Sealed" Batteries.More information
Basic Marine Electrics and Troubleshooting
Basic Marine Electrics and Troubleshooting Rob Starkey firstname.lastname@example.com May 2010 Version 5.0 Agenda A few bootstrap terms to get started Managing expectations Battery fundamentals Charging batteriesMore information
BATTERY CHARGING GUIDELINES FOR 6-VOLT DEEP CYCLE BATTERIES Introduction Your 6-volt deep cycle battery set has been specially formulated for long cycle life and has particular voltage and specific gravityMore information
Life Cycle Testing of Series Battery Strings with Individual Battery Equalizers
Life Cycle Testing of Series Battery Strings with Individual Battery Equalizers Nasser H. Kutkut PowerDesigners, LLC 931 East Main Street Suite 4 Madison, WI 53703, USA Tel: (608) 231-0450, Fax: (608)More information
Carefree Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) MSDS
EaglePicher Technologies, LLC Commercial Power P.O. Box 47 Joplin, MO 6482 (417) 623-8 email@example.com Carefree Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) MSDS EaglePicher s Carefree lead acid batteries areMore information
Tender Plus: Models: 12V1.25A and 6V1.25A The Tender Plus 12 Volt, 1.25 Amp 6 Volt, 1.25 Amp GENERAL DESCRIPTION: The Tender Plus battery charger is a desktop, portable, linear power converter that hasMore information
Manual. Solar Fountain Mobile Phone Charger
EN Manual Solar Fountain Mobile Phone Charger Copyrights 2008 Victron Energy B.V. All Rights Reserved This publication or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose.More information
Chapter 7. Charge Controllers. Types and Characteristics Functions and Features Specifications and Ratings Sizing Jim Dunlop Solar
Chapter 7 Charge Controllers Types and Characteristics Functions and Features Specifications and Ratings Sizing 2012 Jim Dunlop Solar Overview Explaining the purpose for battery charge control in PV systems.More information
Lead Acid Battery Terminology Glossary
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 41-7745 Lead Acid Battery Terminology Glossary Please Note: The information in this technical bulletin was developed for C&D Dynasty 12 Volt VRLA products. While much of the informationMore information
CHARGING METHODS. Methods of Charging the Valve Regulated (Sealed) Lead-Acid Battery. 19 Valve Regulated (Sealed) Lead-Acid Batteries
CHARGNG METHODS Methods of Charging the alve Regulated (Sealed) Lead-Acid Battery For charging the alve Regulated (Sealed) lead-acid battery, a well-matched charger should be used because the capacityMore information
FILE: IM_091-120-12E-20 Rev A., 05-06-08 INSTRUCTION MANUAL AUTO CHARGE 3 STEP AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER R MODEL #091-120-12E-20 for ODYSSEY AGM BATTERIES CAUTION This charger is calibrated to the ODYSSEYMore information
Battery Model: 25 Part Number: 8025-160 Nominal Voltage: 12 volts NSN: Number applied for, product currently available
Battery Model: 25 Part Number: 8025-160 Nominal Voltage: 12 volts NSN: Number applied for, product currently available Battery Model: 35 Part Number: 8020-164 Nominal Voltage: 12 volts NSN: Number appliedMore information
Using Lead Acid Batteries in the Shack
Using Lead Acid Batteries in the Shack Developed and presented by Rick Tressler - K8SV Columbus, OH firstname.lastname@example.com 2011 Richard M. Tressler All Rights Reserved 1 User Notes Red-bordered illustrationsMore information
Mixing Sodium and Lead Battery Technologies in Telecom Applications
Mixing Sodium and Lead Battery Technologies in Telecom Applications Paul Smith Shanon Kolasienski Technical Marketing Manager Application Engineer GE Critical Power GE Energy Storage Plano, TX 75074 Schenectady,More information
Trolling Charger Series OWNER S MANUAL
R Trolling Charger Series OWNER S MANUAL ON BOARD BATTERY CHARGERS Models Amperage No. Of Banks Volts 2613A 5,5,5 Amps 3 Bank 12/24/36 2620A 10,10 Amps 2 Banks 12/24 2623A 10,5,10 Amps 3 Banks *12 or 24More information
ACHIEVING CHARGE QUALITY FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES IN INDUSTRIAL MOTIVE APPLICATIONS Delta-Q Technologies success as an industrial battery charger supplier to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) hasMore information
Manatronics 48V / 200 Amp Load
Manatronics 48V / 200 Amp Load For Battery Discharge testing and Power Supply testing 30 th Jan. 2008 Model No. BD 12-48P Product Datasheet 48V / 200 Amp Electronic Load Features: Quality Product RuggedMore information
BB800 Off-Grid Solar System
BB800 Off-Grid Solar System KEY PRODUCT FEATURES Control Box & Charge Controller 1000W of Solar Panels 4x200Ah of SLA Batteries in series 2KW Inverter Output Power Solar Panel & Battery Mounting Our entryMore information
N The World s Most Advanced Battery Box
N15335 The World s Most Advanced Battery Box Charger Specifications GENERAL Type ArkPak AP620 Input (Nominal) 240V AC, 50Hz or 110V AC 60 Hz Input Power 120W Output Voltage 12V DC Output Current 6AMore information
Thyristor-controlled power supplies and battery chargers
Thyristor-controlled power supplies and battery chargers Input voltage: 115 / 230 VAC, single phase, 50 / 60 Hz or 208 / 400 / 480 VAC, three phases, 50 / 60 Hz Output voltage: 12 / 24 / 48 / 60 / 72 /More information
LEAD CRYSTAL. User Manual. Valve-regulated lead-crystal batteries Energy storage Cells
Engineering Production Sales LEAD CRYSTAL Valve-regulated lead-crystal batteries Energy storage Cells User Manual www.axcom-battery-technology.de info@.axcom-battery-technology.de Chapter 1: 1. IntroductionMore information
NTC thermistors for inrush current limiting
NTC thermistors for inrush current limiting Summary NTC thermistors for inrush current limiting, as all NTCs, are made of polycrystalline mixed oxide ceramics. They suppress high inrush current surges,More information
LTR Series Uninterruptible Power Systems 700 VA - 2.1 KVA. General Specification
08/17/12 Rev2 LTR Series General Specification 700 VA to 2.1 KVA 1.0 General LTR Series Uninterruptible Power Systems 700 VA - 2.1 KVA General Specification This specification describes the features andMore information
STEALTH I DC MANUAL TECH SUPPORT 1-888-588-4506.WEB www.stealth1charging.com BLACK UNIT IS 24/36 ONLY
STEALTH I DC MANUAL TECH SUPPORT 1-888-588-4506.WEB www.stealth1charging.com BLACK UNIT IS 24/36 ONLY PLEASE READ AND UNDERSTAND YOUR NEW PRODUCT IMPORTANT MESSAGE: Before installing your newly purchasedMore information
Conductance Testing as an Integral Element in Battery Management
Conductance Testing as an Integral Element in Battery Management Today s CATV communication networks are being overrun by an increasing demand for bandwidth and reliability. Lapses in commercial utilityMore information
Mike Krzywosz. Resilient Communications Energy for our Connected World 1
Mike Krzywosz Resilient Communications Energy for our Connected World 1 General Arc Flash Principles 3 categories of electrical hazards: electrocution, arc flash, arc blast. Arc Flash event category createsMore information
DataSafe HX Top Terminated Batteries 6 and 12 Volt HX
DATASAFE HX TOP TERMINATED BATTERIES DataSafe HX Top Terminated Batteries 6 and 12 Volt HX Available exclusively from EnerSys, the world leader in stored power solutions. DataSafe HX Top Terminated Batteries.More information
SUBSTATION SWITCHGEAR BATTERY ACCEPTANCE/CAPACITY TEST PROCEDURE Developed for BATTCON97 by Michael P. O'Brien of Nolan Battery Company This procedure supplements existing industry standards and is intendedMore information
Solar Controller / Battery Charger User s Manual
Solar Controller / Battery Charger User s Manual 1 Congratulations! You have made an excellent choice by purchasing this high quality KORR PWM solar controller which has been manufactured to the highestMore information
Charge Regulator SCR 12 Marine
Charge Regulator SCR 12 Marine Manual Many thanks for purchasing a superwind product. The SCR 12 Marine is a charge regulator of highest quality and will perfectly and reliably charge your batteries forMore information
OPERATING & MAINTENANCE MANUAL DC LOAD BANK HBN PowerBank
OPERATING & MAINTENANCE MANUAL for DC LOAD BANK Type HBN130-350 PowerBank ISSUE 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Description 3 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 3 CONNECTION PROCEDURES 3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 4 SPECIFICATIONMore information
SELECTION GUIDE FIFTH EDITION GENESIS Selection Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS Company background EnerSys 2 Services and applications 3 Features and benefits 4 Technical information Capacity as a function ofMore information
TR TSY 000757 GENERIC REQUIREMENTS FOR UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEMS (UPS) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction.... 1.1 Purpose and Scope 1.2 Organization.. 1.3 Reason for Reissue From Technical AdvisoryMore information
Belleville Fire Hall/Headquarters and Emergency Operations Centre Belleville, Ontario Page 1 of 6
Belleville, Ontario Page 1 of 6 1 GENERAL 1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.1 The General Conditions of CCDC2-2008, and the General requirements of Division 1, form part of this Section and must read in conjunctionMore information
EMERGENCY POWER UNIT EPU28-24XXX. CASTLEBERRY Instruments & Avionics
EMERGENCY POWER UNIT EPU28-24XXX OPERATOR/INSTALLATION MANUAL CASTLEBERRY Instruments & Avionics 817 West Howard Lane Building # B Austin, Texas U.S.A., 78753 Tel: (512) 251-5322 Fax: (512) 252-7322 www.ciamfg.comMore information
AAV003-10E Current Sensor
Datasheet AAV003-10E Current Sensor Key Features For Low Current Detection On-Chip Current Strap for Precise Operation 80 ma to +80 ma Linear Range Sensitivity up to 2 mv/ma AC or DC Measurement UltraminiatureMore information
I4.35. Link 2000. Owner's Manual. AL Xantrex OWNERS MANUAL. Link 2000. Inverter Controller and Dual Battery Monitor. Link 2000. Control.
Link 2000 Control Invert Idle Mode Charger Pwr Share I4.35 Battery 1 Reset A hrs 2 Data Setup Volts Charged V Amps Charged % A hrs Batt Cap Time Function Equalize Status: AC In Charge Accept F l o a tMore information
A reasonable, new furnace (mid efficiency) has the following electrical requirements:
June 2007 Power Backup Systems for Your Home. As promised from a previous safety meeting, a couple of options to protect you home in the event of a power failure. These options are for the most serious,More information
Substation Battery & Charger Maintenance
Document title AUTHORIZED COPY Substation Battery & Charger Maintenance Document number MNT-TRMX-00015 Applies to: Keywords: Transmission Operations & Planning Department Carolinas and Florida maintenance;More information
CHARGNG METHODS Methods of Charging the alve-regulated Lead-Acid Battery For charging the valve-regulated lead-acid battery, a well-matched charger should be used because the capacity or life of the batteryMore information
The Basics of Solar Power for Producing Electricity An excellent place to start for those just beginning. The basics of solar power: 1000 W/m²
The Basics of Solar Power for Producing Electricity Learn the essential basics of using solar power so you can understand your project. Planning your project begins with understanding the basics foundMore information
UPS VRLA BATTERY SPECIFICATION GUIDE Donald L. Barker The Aerospace Corp Kennedy Space Center, Florida
UPS VRLA BATTERY SPECIFICATION GUIDE Donald L. Barker The Aerospace Corp Kennedy Space Center, Florida The battery industry is still struggling to educate the user/purchaser of the capabilities and limitationsMore information
NorthStar Battery (NSB) Telecom Installation and Operation Guide
15DOC0020 NorthStar Battery (NSB) Telecom Installation and Operation Guide Contents 0 Definitions... 3 1 Battery Safety... 3 1.1 Old Batteries... 3 2 Handling... 4 2.1 Receiving the shipment... 4 2.2 Do...More information
1. Connect the charger to the battery. 2. Connect the charger to the wall socket. 3. Press the MODE-button to select charging program.
MANUAL CONGRATULATIONS to the purchase of your new professional switch mode battery charger. This charger is included in a series of professional chargers from CTEK SWEDEN AB and represents the latestMore information
Operating Technical Electronics, Inc. 1289 Hemphill St. Fort Worth, TX. 76104 Ph : 817.288.2600 Fax : 817.288.2605 email : email@example.com A GUIDE TO BATTERY CHARGING 1. CHARGING A BATTERY 7. CEMore information
Safety.First. Battery Handling, Maintenance & Test Procedures
AGM Battery THE POWER OF 1 Safety is Your Responsibility CROWN1 AGM batteries are sealed, clean and high performance energy storage products. The valve-regulated design of AGM batteries suspends electrolyteMore information
MANUAL. * Supply plugs may differ to suit your wall socket. EN 3. Continue to press the MODE-button to combine charging program with charging options.
MX MANUAL CONGRATULATIONS to the purchase of your new professional switch mode battery charger. This charger is included in a series of professional chargers from CTEK SWEDEN AB and represents the latestMore information
Marine/RV Deep-Cycle Batteries. Table of Contents
Marine/RV Deep-Cycle Batteries HD24-DP Table of Contents An Introduction to Marine/RV Deep-Cycle Batteries... 2 Deep-Cycle Batteries... 2 Sealed Lead-Acid vs. Flooded Lead-Acid.. 2 Deep-Cycle Sealed Lead-AcidMore information
IMPORTANT! - YOU'RE SOLAR READY SOLAR POWER - THE NEW WAY TO RV! Your RV is PRE-WIRED for SOLAR POWER! Benefits of Solar Zamp Solar Portable Solar Kit Maximize Battery Life Electrical Independence Green,More information
0.9V Boost Driver PR4403 for White LEDs in Solar Lamps
0.9 Boost Driver for White LEDs in Solar Lamps The is a single cell step-up converter for white LEDs operating from a single rechargeable cell of 1.2 supply voltage down to less than 0.9. An adjustableMore information
APPLICATION MANUAL. Genesis NP and NPX Series. Publication No: US-NP-AM-002 June 2006
TM APPLICATION MANUAL Genesis NP and NPX Series Publication No: US-NP-AM-002 June 2006 Genesis NP & NPX Series Application Manual Table of contents TM Introduction 2 Technical Features 3 Applications 4More information
POWER & PRESTIGE NO MATTER THE SIZE OR, LEAVE IT TO INTELLI-CHARGE Offering world class technology and multi-chemistry, maximises your battery s performance and life. Intelligent electronics monitor theMore information
Understanding Delta Conversion Online "Power Regulation" - Part 2
Application Note #40 Understanding Delta Conversion Online "Power Regulation" - Part 2 Introduction This application note is the second in a series on delta conversion theory of operation. For completeMore information
Match. GE Digital Energy. Uninterruptible Power Supply 500-1500 VA. Technology for the Digital World. Match UPS. GE Digital Energy.
Match Uninterruptible Power Supply 500-1500 VA Manufactured by: General Electric Company Telephone +41 (0)91 / 850 51 51 CH 6595 Riazzino (Locarno) Fax +41 (0)91 / 850 51 44 Switzerland Website www.gedigitalenergy.comMore information
Technical Design Guidelines Off-Grid PV Systems. Palau Workshop 8 th -12 th April
Technical Design Guidelines Off-Grid PV Systems Palau Workshop 8 th -12 th April GENERAL The design of any off-grid system should consider, other than the electrical load, a number of criteria such asMore information
Battery Charger MXT AE. For lead-acid batteries. User Manual and Guide to professional charging of starter and deep cycle batteries.
Battery Charger MXT 14000 AE For lead-acid batteries User Manual and Guide to professional charging of starter and deep cycle batteries. Model 1015 EN INTRODUCTION Congratulations on purchasing your newMore information
T1000 Series Single Phase Uninterruptible Power Systems Product Specifications Rev 1.0 May VA (5400W) 1.0 Scope
1.0 Scope This specification document describes the Toshiba T1000 Series. The T1000 is continuous duty, singlephase, on-line, solid-state uninterruptible power supply system hereafter referred to as theMore information
350 WATT HYBRID INVERTER (SOLAR / INVERTER / AC MAINS) Users Manual Page 1 1. Introduction Thank you for purchasing the 350 Watt Hybrid Inverter. Connected to the 12 volt battery, the 350W Hybrid InverterMore information
Bosch Marine Batteries Specially engineered for superior marine performance. Bosch Batteries Marine Page 1
Bosch Marine Batteries Specially engineered for superior marine performance Bosch Batteries Marine Page 1 Bosch marine batteries are carefully engineered to provide the optimum balance between startingMore information
Harmonic Distortion of the AC Power Line
Introduction Adjustable frequency drives have become the standard method of control for heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems due to precise control and very significant energy savings.More information
Telecom batteries Having the highest Power Density available!
POWER SOLUTIONS Gel & AGM VRLA 12 Year Design Front Access Batteries Telecom batteries Having the highest Power Density available! Se ae l d L ea d Acid 12V o lt Mon obl oc F r on t Acce ss R a n g e -More information
Photovoltaic Solar Energy Unit EESFB
Technical Teaching Equipment Photovoltaic Solar Energy Unit EESFB Products Products range Units 5.-Energy Electronic console PROCESS DIAGRAM AND UNIT ELEMENTS ALLOCATION Worlddidac Member ISO 9000: QualityMore information
Additional Solar System Information and Resources
Additional Solar System Information and Resources Background information a. Roughly 400 schools in NJ already have solar systems, producing more than 91 MW, out of approximately 2500 K- 12 schools in NJ.More information
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE LESTRONIC II BATTERY CHARGER FOR MOTIVE POWER BATTERIES PLEASE SAVE THESE IMPORTANT SAFETY AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS For correct operation of the equipment, it is important to readMore information
Approval Sheet for. Li-ion Battery (Lithium Iron Phosphate) Model: LiR14505F-600mAh
Approval Sheet for Li-ion Battery (Lithium Iron Phosphate) Model: LiR14505F-600mAh AA Portable Power Corp (http://www.batteryspace.com) Address: 860 S, 19th St, Unit A, Richmond, CA, 94804 Tel: 510-525-2328More information
SunCharger Portable Solar Panel
SunCharger Portable Solar Panel Models: SC-05 SC-10 Owner's Manual Please read this manual BEFORE operating the units. OWNER'S MANUAL Index SECTION 1 Safety Instructions... 3 SECTION 2 General Information...More information
High Efficiency Battery Charger using Power Components [1]
application note TPB:101 High Efficiency Battery Charger using Power Components [1] Marco Panizza Senior Applications Engineer July 2006 Contents Page Introduction 1 A Unique Converter 1 Control SchemeMore information


text:
HMRC begins first phase of Business Records Checks
Over 1,000 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) will be targeted in HMRC's first round of Business Records Checks (BRC).
Following a period of consultation, the taxman is already arranging visits to carry out checks on the records of small businesses. The visits were not due to start until July but HMRC has decided to introduce what it describes as a 'test and learn' trial.
In a briefing note, HMRC confirmed that it is testing BRC in a limited way between 4th April and 15th July 2011; this will involve 30 HMRC staff in eight locations (Edinburgh, Irvine, Manchester, Liverpool, Stockport, Sunderland, Sheffield and Portsmouth).
It estimates that around 1,200 businesses will be targeted during this initial phase of the programme.
Start free ReadyRatios
start online
financial analysis now!
No registration required! But if you signed up extra ReadyRatios features will be available.
Last News
- ACCA Publishes Report on Emotional Intelligence Important for Accountants to Survive in the Modern Workplace
- SEC Urges Companies to Focus on Employing Better Accounting and Audit controls against Cyber Threats
- Uncertainty Surrounding Brexit Results in Drop of Confidence in the UK Economy
- Companies not in Support of the Idea of Workers on Boards
- BDO Reports 8.5% Increase in Revenue
- Company Bosses Jailed for Tax Fraud
- Treasury Launches Investigation into Barriers Restricting Women in Business

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Web ID: 1795024
Select your options to be notified when it's back in stock
colorSelect a Color
Select your options to be notified when it's back in stock
Select your options to check availability
Ambrielle Underwire Bra and Panty Set
Product Description
- Bra Type: Bralette
- # Pieces In Set: 2 Pair
- 1st Comp Garmnt Type: Bra
- 1st Comp Fabric: Knit
- 1st Comp Fbr Content: 100% Cotton
- 1st Comp Care: Delicate Wash - Cold
- 2nd Comp Garmnt Type: Bikini Panty
- 2nd Comp Fabric: Knit
- 2nd Comp Fbr Content: 100% Cotton
- 2nd Comp Care: Delicate Wash - Cold
- Country of Origin: Imported
Helpful Guides
Shipping & Returns
Same Day Pick Up
Need it right away? Confirm availability & buy online, pick it up at your store.
Convenient Shipping Options
Not available at your store? We can ship to you directly or to your favorite JCP location.
Easy Returns
Shop with confidence. Read our full, common sense


text:
Santorini, Greece
A very hot day! Literally, we worked hard. Santorini is very beautiful. And the blue roofs are not the most interesting piece of space. The incredible size of the mountain and the stony path to it with cliffs is breathtaking, it's true! It was windy enough that I had to crouch so as not to fly away! Our photo session lasted about four hours, and here it is the result) This was my first experience shooting in Santorini and very much hope that this started. Santorini is inexhaustible.


text:
There are 4 choices for students in Indiana: the General Diploma, the Core 40, Core 40 with Academic Honors or Core 40 with Technical Honors. See also Graduation.
- Each diploma type has specific coursework that must be completed.
- The requirements often change and the Indiana Department of Education is the best source for up-to-date information (see below).
- Original Question (Part 1): If ST does not meet C40 requirements but has enough credits for gen diploma. Is there a point where we, as a school, can graduate the student because they met General diploma reqs. Or do we have to allow them the opportunity to finish the C40?Answer: On Fri, Aug 17, 2018 at 10:00 AM Culhan, Amanda <email@example.com> wrote: If the student can earn the General now (at the end of her senior year), it's up to your school if you want to allow her to stay into a 5th year. You aren't required to allow her to do so since she has met requirements for a diploma. Typically schools will present the student with the summer option (meeting requirements by the last day of September), as you have done. Follow up Question (Part 2): Thank you – they do not have to agree to an opt out then right? Answer: On Mon, Aug 20, 2018 at 11:35 AM Culhan, Amanda <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: No, if it's beyond the 4 years and they've met requirements for the General Diploma, they wouldn't have to agree to the opt-out. I think a good alternative would be to allow them the option to continue to work towards meeting requirements before the end of September.
- From Counselortalk August 2018- Question: I am working with a student who was supposed to graduate in 2007 and now wants to earn his diploma. Do I follow current diploma requirements or previous? If I can use his previous requirements, can anyone tell me what those were? Answer: You can find requirements from the past in the attached document (Graduation Requirements Through the years II.) The student would need to meet any requirements from that time, plus local requirements, and would need to have passed a graduation exam then or now – or qualify for a waiver. (Amanda Culhan, School Counseling Specialist, Indiana Department of Education)
- http://www.doe.in.gov/ccr/indianas-diploma-requirements
- New SAT Score change for Indiana's Academic Honors diploma from IDOE (2017)
- Grade 8 Parent Night Diploma Requirements Class of 2023
This is a 'do it ourselves' web site. So if you would like to help, or have information or resources to share, please contact us today.
This post was last modified by Kelly Dunn on August 21, 2018.
- August 21, 2018 @ 20:28:51
- August 20, 2018 @ 19:38:17
- August 20, 2018 @ 16:55:41
- August 20, 2018 @ 16:48:06
- August 20, 2018 @ 15:57:22
- July 10, 2018 @ 16:34:49
- July 10, 2018 @ 16:33:13
- May 2, 2018 @ 18:08:40
- August 31, 2017 @ 16:06:57
- January 31, 2017 @ 15:56:28
- August 7, 2016 @ 18:54:04
- August 7, 2016 @ 18:53:38
This post was created by ABCD ContentManager on August 7, 2016.


text:
Glovers take great pride in their holidays and the service offered. The 2016 programme to a number of U.K. destinations always include a variety of different excursions.
All holidays depart from Glover's Depot.
Free parking at owners risk at our depot. Alternative and home pick up's available. For more details please call us on 01335 300043
We take all major Credit and Debit Cards
|Saturday 17 November
|London Day Out
|8.00 am - 5.30 p.m.
|£20.50, Children: £15.50
|Sunday 2 September
|Margate - The Isle of Thanet
|5 days
|£259.00 Half Board Single Room Supplement £16.00
|Monday 10 December
|Tinsel & Turkey in Ilfracombe
|5 days
|£249.00 half board Single Room Supplement £16


text:
Wedding Cakes Chichester
Wedding Cakes Chichester is free HD wallpaper. This wallpaper was upload at November 19, 2018 upload by admin in .You can download it in your computer by clicking resolution image in Download by size:. Don't forget to rate and comment if you interest with this wallpaper.
Description wallpaper for Wedding Cakes Chichester
- Title: Wedding Cakes Chichester
- Author:
- Upload:
- Link: https://www.juliescreativecakes.co.uk/wp-content/gallery/cupcake-wedding-cakes/pink-rose-cupcake-tower.jpg
- Tag:
- Category: Uncategorized
- View: 0 View


text:
JIPMER Entrance Exam for Admission to B.Sc. Nursing and Allied Medical Science Courses (August) 2017
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER Puducherry) invites application for admission to the B.Sc. Nursing; BASLP & B.Sc. Allied Medical Science Programmes for the academic session August 2017
The admissions will be made on the basis of JIPMER Puducherry BSc Nursing Entrance Exam 2017
JIPMER Courses Offered
The following B.Sc. Courses (Undergraduate) is offered at JIPMER, Puducherry
B.Sc Nursing (Code: 9001)
Bachelor of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology (BASLP) [Code: 9002]
B.Sc. Allied Medical Sciences (Anesthesia Technology; Blood Transfusion Medicine Technology; Cardiac Laboratory Technology; Dialysis Technology)
B.Sc Allied Medical Sciences (contd.) (Medical Laboratory Technology Medical Technology – Radiodiagnosis; Neuro Technology; Nuclear Medicine Technology; Operation Theatre Technology; Optometry & Ophthalmic Technique; Perfusion Technology; Radiotherapy Technology
Seat Matrix for Total of 153 Seats (August 2016 Session)
Common Entrance Examination for 153 Seats of the following B.Sc. Courses:
1. B.Sc. Nursing – 75 Seats (08 seats for male and remaining 67 seats for females)
2. Bachelor of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (BASLP) – 04 Seats
3. B.Sc. Allied Medical Sciences – 74 Seats
JIPMER BSc Nursing and BSc Allied Medical Science Admission Eligibility Criteria:
The Applicant should be an Indian National (not applicable to nominated candidates)
He/she has completed age of 17 years at the time of admission or will complete the age on or before 31st December 2017, the year of his/her admission to the B.Sc. courses i.e. they should have born or before 01st January 2001
The applicants should have passed the qualifying examinations in the manner mentioned below:
a) The Higher/Senior Secondary Exam or the Indian School Certificate Exam, which is equivalent to 10+2 Higher/Senior Secondary Exam after a period of 12 years study, the last two years of such study comprising Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Botany and Zoology (which shall include practical tests in these subjects) and with English at a level not less than the core course for English as prescribed by the National Council of Educational Research & Training after introduction of 10+2+3 educational structure as recommended by the National Committee on Education or Higher Secondary Exam (+2) Vocational Stream with Medical Laboratory Assistant or any equivalent exam
b) The applicant must have passed in the subjects of Physics, Chemistry, Biology/ Botany & Zoology and English individually and must have obtained a minimum of 50% marks taken together in Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Botany & Zoology at the qualifying exam and competitive entrance exam
For candidates belonging to the SC/ST or OBC/OPH the marks obtained in the Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Botany & Zoology taken together in the qualifying exam and competitive entrance exam is 40%
c) An Eligibility Certificate is required in the case of foreign nationals nominated by the Central Govt. for admission to B.Sc. (MLT) Course
d) Candidates who are studying/have studied Medical Laboratory Assistant in the Vocational Stream will not be considered for B.Sc. (Nursing) Course
e) The Candidates, who have passed qualifying exam other than those mentioned in the list will have to submit an eligibility certificate to JIPMER before admission is finalized for B.Sc. Courses
Note: Applicants who have appeared in the qualifying exam in March/April 2017 and whose results have not yet been declared can also apply for admission, if the other eligibility criteria (i), (ii) and (iii) are fulfilled
JIPMER Entrance Exam Pattern
The exam shall be conducted in English medium only. The questions for B.Sc. Courses Entrance Exam 2017 will be based on the syllabus as prescribed by State Board HSC and CBSE for XI & XII Standards
The examination shall be conducted in ENGLISH medium ONLY
The Entrance Exam is common to all and consists of 100 single best response type MCQs having four alternatives and the questions will be asked from the following subjects. and the distribution of no. of question is as detailed below:
The Entrance Exam will be of multiple-choice type questions totaling 100 in the subjects of Physics (20 Marks), Chemistry (20 Marks), Biology (40 Marks), Logic and Quantitative Reasoning (10 marks) & English and Comprehension (10 Marks) for both the main and Vocational Stream students
Each answer with correct response shall be awarded one mark. Zero mark will be given for the question not answered; there is no negative marking
The duration of the test is one and half-hours
Questions that are answered and "Marked for Review" will be considered as Answered
All questions will be of one best/correct response type having four alternatives; the response of the candidate for a questions on click of submit button before closing of Exam shall be considered as the response chosen by the candidate
Exam Cities
The Exam centres are tentatively proposed in 7 cities all over India. List of Cities – Chennai, Kolkatta, Mumbai, New Delhi, Puducherry, Trivandrum and Vijayawada
JIPMER Hall Ticket
Hall Tickets for the Entrance Examination shall be available for download to candidates whose applications are complete in all respects, from 14th June 2017 (Wednesday) 10.00 AM onwards (Tentative)
The hall ticket will contain name and date of birth as typed by the candidate in the application, photo and signature image as uploaded by the candidate, exam city allotted and roll number
JIPMER BSc Nursing and BSc Allied Medical Science 2017 Selection Procedure
The Candidates will be selected based on the performance in the entrance exam which is scheduled on Sunday, 25th June 2017
Awarding of Marks:
The response of the candidate for a question(s), on click of "submit button" before closing of Exam shall be considered as the response chosen by the candidate
Questions that are ANSWERED will be considered as ANSWERED
MARKED FOR REVIEW" will be considered as NOT ANSWERED
Each answer with CORRECT RESPONSE shall be awarded ONE MARK
NO Marks will be deducted for INCORRECT RESPONSE
ZERO mark will be given for the question NOT ANSWERED
JIPMER BSc Nursing and BSc Allied Medical Science 2017 Application Process
Candidates seeking nursing admission to JIPMER 2017 Entrance Exam are required to apply online through JIPMER Website www.jipmer.edu.in
JIPMER Nursing Exam 2017 Online Registration starts from 24th May 2017 (05.00 pm) at JIPMER website www.jipmer.edu.in
Submission of Application through online mode only; candidates seeking admission to entrance examination are required to apply online
Log on to link in the Home page www.jipmer.edu.in and navigate to the link "Entrance Examination for B.Sc Courses -Session August 2017" Read the prospectus and instruction carefully
Submission of Application Form
Mode of Submission of Application – Through Online Mode only
Closing date for Exam 2017 Online Registration is on or before 24th May 2017 at JIPMER website www.jipmer.edu.in (upto 05.00 pm)
Mode of Payments
Only through Net Banking/Credit Card/Debit Card. Demand Draft drawn in the favour of "The Accounts Officer, JIPMER," Payable at Pondicherry
Candidate opting for demand draft payment should send hard copy of the application, along with demand draft, to the Registrar (Academic), JIPMER, D'Nagar Post, Gorimedu, Pondicherry-605006, on or before the last date
Application Fee
Application Fees (INR) (Fees once paid will NOT be refunded under any circumstances
General (UR) & P- UR Rs.1200 + Transaction Charges as applicable
OBC & P-OBC – Rs.1200 + Transaction Charges as applicable
SC/ST & P-SC – Rs.1000 + Transaction Charges as applicable
OPH – Exempted From Application Fees
For further details, refer Prospectus link at www.jipmer.edu.in
JIPMER Entrance Exam 2017 Important Dates
Online Registration from 24th April 2017 (Monday) 11.00 AM
Online Registration Closes on 24th May 2017 (Wednesday) 5.00 PM
Download of Hall Ticket from JIPMER Website: 14th June 2017 (Wednesday) 10.00 AM & 25th June 2017 (Sunday) 8.00 AM
Date of Exam (One Shift – Online Mode Only): 25th June 2017 (Sunday, Single Shift)
Expected Date of Publication of Merit List on or before 03rd July 2017
First Counseling/Allotment of Seats (Tentative):
1. B.Sc. Nursing – 13th July 2017
2. B.Sc. (AMS) – 14th July 2017
3. BASLP – 15th July 2017
Second Counseling/Allotment of Seats (Tentative): 08th August 2017
Third Counseling/Allotment of Seats Date will be announced later Admission formalities (Medical Board & submission of the receipt for payment of fees etc): 28th August 2017
Issue of Admission Letter & Letter for Hostel Accommodation: 01st August 2017
Commencement of Course: 02nd August 2017 (Wednesday) 09.00 AM
Close of Admissions for B.Sc. Courses 2017 Session 30th September 2017 (Saturday) 01.00 PM
About JIPMER
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry (JIPMER) is a public institute established in 1956 and is one of the leading Medical Institutions in India. JIPMER promotes teaching and training and offers UG and PG medical programmes through entrance test.
JIPMER Puducherry
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Puducherry (An Institution of National Importance under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India), Registrar (Academic), Academic Section, III-Floor, JIPMER Academic Center, Dhanvantri Nagar Post, Puducherry-605006, Website www.jipmer.edu.in
For any query, candidates are requested to check the official website .
Click here or more Medical Entrance Exams.
For more details, follow QuickNET ( Facebook, Google Plus, Twitter ) or you can write to us at [email protected]


text:
334 Arts/Crafts Ads Found
Wall decor
All About Artscrafts in Qatar, Items in Qatar
Qatar Items Classifieds: Search Items online. Buy and sell Items, Artscrafts. Find the latest list of used Artscrafts in Doha, Qatar. Sell your Artscrafts for free.
Popular Search
Furniture for sale,
Used A/C for sale,
Computers & Tech for sale,
Electronics for sale,
Free Stuff for sale.


text:
Entire house
Luxury 4BR Mole Beachfront Apt!
Luxury 4BR Mole Beachfront Apt!
8 guests
4 bedrooms
4 beds
4.5 baths
8 guests
4 bedrooms
4 beds
4.5 baths
Mari is a Superhost
Superhosts are experienced, highly rated hosts who are committed to providing great stays for guests.
Welcome to Praia Mole Beach!!
This 4 bedroom, 4.5 bedroom beach townhome is a nicely furnished place with WiFi internet access, air conditioning, international phone line (free calls USA & Canada), cable television, private back yard with BBQ area, and full kitchen.
Located directly across from Praia Mole (2 minutes walking distance) and just minutes away from the beautiful Lagoa da Conceicao, this house can be a perfect place for your stay on the island ;).
Free parking on premises
Wireless Internet
Cable TV
Sleeping arrangements
Bedroom 1
1 queen bed
Bedroom 2
1 queen bed
Bedroom 3
1 queen bed
Bedroom 4
1 double bed
House Rules
No pets
No smoking, parties, or events
Check-in is anytime after 3PM and check out by 12PM (noon)
Step-free access to the bedroom
19 Reviews
Mari is a SuperhostSuperhosts are experienced, highly rated hosts who are committed to providing great stays for guests.
Welcome to Praia Mole :) My name is Mari and I have lived in Florianópolis for about 9 years. Floripa is a very special place and I can't wait to share everything about our special island with you. I really enjoy traveling and learning about new places and culture. I…
Languages: English, Español, Português
Always communicate through AirbnbTo protect your payment, never transfer money or communicate outside of the Airbnb website or app.
The neighbourhood
Things to do near this home
Explore other options in and around Florianópolis
More places to stay in Florianópolis:


text:
There is shame and stigma surrounding disability across much of Kenya. This teaser video highlights some of the lies that communities speak into families affected by disability.
With a deep desire to care for its children, the Sudan Interior Church has partnered with SIM to start a primary school, that educates and disciples those whom we pray will be the future leaders of South Sudan.
Many transgenders in India's hijra community feel "sick, poor, ugly" but Shalom staff members like Malti di are working hard to introduce them to the Great Physician who brings wholeness and beauty.
Appolinarie received healing from her traumatic experiences that took place during the Ruanda genocide more than 20 years ago. Now she helps other French-speaking refugees in Nairobi to deal with their trauma, through trauma healing groups.
Partnership is a valuable way to do ministry, however it can often be fraught with misunderstanding and differing expectations.
The SIM South Sudan Harvest Worker project is helping mobilise those who are ready to go to serve in South Sudan
Three years after its first modules launched, Ezra Theological Course celebrates its first batch of graduates!
Banda Go is an affordable IT solution designed by SIM's Banda Health team, in collaboration with local healthcare professionals like Mary, specifically for health centres in low-resource communities. It's gone live in its first healthcare centre and plenty more are following.
Chetna has recently begun working in providing palliative care training to the communities where decades of work has built a platform of trust and dialogue.
Pbeemai loves football. So do a lot of young guys. But Pbeemai's passion for sport turned his life around and became his way to serve the God he had chosen to follow.


text:
The analysis is concerned with the contributions of numeracy and literacy to earnings, for three reasons: first, no clear pattern emerges from existing findings relating to the contributions of different types of ability, and numeracy and literacy appear to be a natural basic starting point; second, measures to improve numeracy and literacy are often given priority in policies intended to help those with lowest educational attainment; and third, with the growth of the knowledge-based economy, and the increasing importance of digital technology, it is of interest to compare the levels and rates of change of the contributions of numeracy and literacy as reflected in earnings. The results suggest that numeracy has a highly significant effect on earnings, mostly through its effect on college attainment, but also directly, controlling for attainment, and interactively with attainment, and its effect is subject to increasing returns. While the magnitude of the effect is small in absolute terms, it is substantial when compared with other effects, and it appears to be increasing at a rate of 6 percent per year. Literacy also has a highly significant effect on earnings, but it would appear to be indirectly through its effect on attainment. There is no evidence of a direct effect, an interactive effect with attainment, nonlinearity, or change through time.Numeracy, literacy, basic skills, earnings
To submit an update or takedown request for this paper, please submit an Update/Correction/Removal Request.


text:
In Hollywood, animated films has been tried to please both its targeted core audiences and its parents alike for quite a while. Though I still can't remember when was the last time I see such quality animation in the line of "Akira" or "Persepolis" which intended for adult audiences that coming from Hollywood, I think we are heading for the right track. However, as of now, there is yet an animated film which could blend these two audiences' requirement as magnificent as Pixar did but mind you, the others are catching up. Fast. In a year of yet another good year for animated films, "Megamind" pleases as a light entertaining for the whole family and still carry stories that doesn't made parents and adults dozed off in their chair. Fun, entertaining, and not a bore which for most, a sufficient ingredients for a good film.
You see "Megamind," you'll remember "Superman." Similar origin story, similar city, similar superhero quality and build, and there's sort-of Lois Lane and sort-of Jimmy Olsen crowded in as well. What really different is how "Megamind" portrayed its Superman vs. Lex Luthor. Theirs are the battle of wits as well as battle of powers that apparently had its own unofficial 'Good-vs-Evil' rule book to adhere and while Superman/Lex Luthor took their respective games/battles seriously, Metroman/Megamind, as they were called in this film, took their respective games in a sort-of light hearted way. Both Metroman and Megamind are like children coming at play but when the dusk came, they bid their friendly farewells, with a promise to play again in the morrow.
Obviously, the above passage doesn't really tell much about the film and I suggest you to see the film yourself. Children will find it amusing, and parents/adults will have some enjoyment or full enjoyment if you were into 80s music, enamored its numerous Superman references (including Marlon Brando), and noticed its Donkey Kong reference. The men behind this film are having fun, and we're having fun as me and my wife both laugh almost constantly. As a pure entertainment, this film is gold.
The voice works are also good but nothing really spectacular. I almost mistaken Brad Pitt with George Clooney, as they are both sounded more and more alike as the years go by. Tina Fey and Jonah Hill are easy to spot. Heck, even my wife could spot Jonah Hill easily even if she doesn't know his real name. But the real star is Will Ferrell whom I think is among the best comedian out there (way above Adam Sandler, if you must know). He gave Megamind a likeable personality and when he pulled the Marlon Brando stint, it reminds me a lot to his best work so far in "Anchorman" and that is a good thing.
In short, in a year of a good animated films, "Megamind" pulls the standard that if we were to take it purely at its entertaining value, it was good. But nothing more. It doesn't break the heart (my heart) to pieces the way "Toy Story 3" goes, nor was it as polished as "How To Train Your Dragon," and I had to put "Despicable Me" with a slight advantage for I am hopelessly in love with the Minions. But this film, so far, is good enough to become my number four animated films of the year.
My rating: **1/2 / **** The story isn't something that would caught you off balance as they are exactly the way you had expected it to be. Love the music choices, but what really amuses me was its numerous Superman references and I had doubled over on the floor laughing when I spotted Donkey Kong reference. Taken on its entertainment value, this film is gold. And that's pretty much it.


text:
Eighty-Nine.4:05 AM
A mini OTD post for today! :)
When I saw the floral romper and the cutout boots I was literally jumping for joy!!
I have been finding the boots since FOREVERRR hahaha.
It's retailing on websites like Urban Outfitters, Nasty Gal etc for at least SGD 100!
So this is definitely a steal on TCL. ;)
Romper: Floral Skirt Romper in Navy Florals (Upcoming!)
Outerwear: *Premium* TCL Leather Biker Jacket in Black
Shoes: Cut Out Ankle Boots in Black (Launching tomorrow)
Clutch: Glitz and Glamour Lasercut Clutch (Launching tomorrow)
Super major love for this ensemble and our premium leather biker jacket because you can really pair it with rompers, dresses etc!! :DD
Took many shots for this OTD because I love my outfit so much! So please pardon me if I spammed too many photos hehee.
My flowy floral romperrrrr hehehe.
Clutch is also coming up in our mini launch tomorrow! :)
Our apparels launch should be launched on Thursday hehh.
Our apparels launch should be launched on Thursday hehh.
A close-up of the buckle and cutout details! :)
And it's Xmas over in our office building! They set up a mini Xmas tree in the lift lobby! Hehehe.
Wore our first manufactured weaved denim top out on Saturday with our superb crowne skirt! :)
Hehehe. We have had a couple of emails from customers saying that they love the top and the material of the skirt. :') Love it when we receive emails complimenting our items. <3 <3
Bottom: TCL Crowne Skirt in Cobalt
Shoes: Madden Wedge Sneakers (Launching Tomorrow)
Bag: Balenciaga
Bag: Balenciaga
Close-up! :)
And...this wedge sneakers which everyone has been asking about!! :)
It's made of leather and suede, which is different from our previous suede wedge sneakers!
Comes in cream and black! Pricing is higher for this because the cost is higher tooo. :(
I like this design better because there is a contrast between the leather and the suede material!
Bree took some selfies for me hehehe.
And some with her tooo! :)
Act cute us LOLLL.
And...Bree and I headed to town for dinner after that!
You'll realize that I am wearing a different necklace here hehehe because I saw it at the suppliers' and decided to wear it immediately!! Wooh! :D
You'll realize that I am wearing a different necklace here hehehe because I saw it at the suppliers' and decided to wear it immediately!! Wooh! :D
IIf you are interested to purchase this, I am selling it on my blog! :)
Pricing is $30 mailed with normal postage, $32.24 for registered postage!
Email me at email@example.com with subject header "Cobalt Blue Necklace"!
I don't have many pieces of this so it'll be in limited pieces okay!
Alright off to dinner!
Full sneaks are up on facebook and I am actually quite proud of myself for doing up our main banner this time LOLLL.
Be sure to catch our launch tomorrow yaaaa!!


text:
WWE News: Chris Jericho reveals why we will never see a 'Stupid Idiot' T-Shirt
Chris Jericho recently had a talk with Fansided.com, while promoting his upcoming joint venture with Podcast one. During the interview, Jericho talked about many things including his current heel run and more.
Below are some highlights from the interview
On whether we are going to see a shirt featuring Jericho's famous heel catchphrase 'Stupid Idiot', he said no because he doesn't like people wearing his merchandise during a heel run as they are supposed to hate him;
"I have a real rule that when I'm heel I don't want the WWE selling my merchandise. I don't want someone in the crowd wearing a shirt with that phrase and thinking it's funny when it's supposed to be an insult. I still have enough old school in me that I don't want people wearing my slogans or phrases that are supposed to be booing me."
On the question whether the rise of social networks have hurt the business as many people accuse, the former world champion said he doesn't know if it has hurt wrestling but it has made the surprise element harder:
"I don't know if social media has hurt wrestling. But I think it has created a certain sense of entitlement to a certain part of the fanbase. They think they should know everything and it eliminates that magical sense.
Like when I return and nobody knows about it, I like that. I pulled the wool over everyone's eyes and it's getting harder and harder to do these days."
Along with this, Chris also talked about working continually for WWE in the past few months after Wrestlemania due to an injury hit roster, a possible new album with his band and more.


text:
Bourbon & Boots pins down Southern lifestyle
Little Rock, Ark. – By focusing on its brand story and collaborative boards, Southern lifestyle retailer Bourbon & Boots has dramatically increased cross-channel traffic through its presence on the Pinterest social network.
Founder Matt Price described how Bourbon & Boots has maximized the value of its Pinterest activities during a session at last week's Internet Retailer conference in Chicago.
Bourbon & Boots, which has been in business for about a year, specializes in selling small batches of products from Southern artisans and releases three items a day and five pieces of original content every week. Doing prelaunch research in December 2011, Price said Bourbon & Boots discovered a large portion of its target customer base was active on Pinterest. The retailer has thus pursued an active Pinterest strategy since its official launch in February 2012.
"Our most successful tactic was to build collaborative boards and join other collaborative boards," said Price. 'What is the South?' is the unifying theme."
Price said Bourbon & Boots' first major successful pin was a photo of a decorative Mason jar lighting in March 2012, which was pinned 15,000 times and gained the retailer 3,000 followers. In July, the retailer experienced the full potential of Pinterest-based marketing when a pin of a limited edition Johnny Cash necklace resulted in 500,000 pins.
"It changed our business because it became so viral on Pinterest," said Price. "We had a 2,000% traffic increase across all channels."
Bourbon & Boots has the photos it pins lead to category pages rather than category pages. Price said Pinterest is essentially the virtual equivalent of scrapbooking and that Bourbon & Boots' designers also use the retailer's Pinterest boards to promote themselves and their products.
Track Daily Deal launches deal analysis reports
Largo, Fla. – Track Daily Deal, an online service for deal site shoppers, is launching new deal analysis reports. The reports evaluate daily deal sites on criteria such as how a site ranks against competing sites, how often and when it adds deals, how much consumers usually save and number of visitors.
"Let's face it, if you are on a tight budget, you are not going to check out sites that sell highly priced items," said Track Daily Deal founder Danny Pajevic in a blog post. "Instead, you are likely looking for a deal that will only cost a couple of dollars. Our data can help you find a deal site that fits your budget."
Wet Seal appoints Talbots exec as head of stores and operations
Foothill Ranch, Calif. — The Wet Seal announced today that retail veteran Lesli Gilbert has been appointed executive VP, stores and operations, effective immediately. Gilbert replaces Barbara Cook, former senior VP store operations, who resigned in February.
Most recently, Gilbert was senior VP of stores at The Talbots, where she was responsible for developing the stores strategy and framework to reposition the business
"We are pleased to welcome Lesli and believe she is an ideal fit with Wet Seal's business, brand positioning and organizational culture," said John Goodman, CEO. "Lesli will take responsibility for leading our field organization and store teams, inspiring the vision and values of our Wet Seal and Arden B brands in stores and driving consistent execution.


text:
Heart Valve Dysplasia
From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, by MultiMedia
Heart valve dysplasia is a congenital heart defect which in dogs and cats affects the aortic, pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid heart valves. Pulmonary valve stenosis and aortic valve stenosis are discussed separately. Dysplasia of the mitral and tricuspid valves can cause leakage of blood or stenosis.
Dysplasia of the mitral and tricuspid valves - also known as the atrioventricular (AV) valves - can appear as thickened, shortened, or notched valves. The chordae tendinae can be fused or thickened. The papillary muscles can be enlarged or atrophied. The cause is unknown, but genetics play a big role. Dogs and cats with tricuspid valve dysplasia often also have an open foramen ovale, an atrial septal defect, or inflammation of the right atrial epicardium. In dogs, tricuspid valve dysplasia can be similar to Ebstein's anomaly in humans.
Mitral valve stenosis is one of the most common congenital heart defects in cats.
The disease and symptoms are similar to progression of valve disease in older dogs. Valve leakage leads to heart enlargement, arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure. Heart valve dysplasia can be tolerated for years or progress to heart failure in the first year of life. Diagnosis is with an echocardiogram. There is a poor prognosis with significant heart enlargement.
- Abbott, Jonathan A. (2000). Small Animal Cardiology Secrets (1st ed.). Hanley & Belfus, Inc. ISBN 1-56053-352-8
- Ettinger, Stephen J.;Feldman, Edward C.(1995).Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine(4th ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3
Cats, made by MultiMedia | Free content and software
This guide is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia.
VEVO Music videos. Gallery shows artist selections, however selected video must be played on youtube (link provided).
Cee Lo Green
Earth, Wind & Fire
Eric Clapton
Joan Osborne
The New Kanvaz
Kenny G
Lauryn Hill
Miranda Lambert
Phil Collins
Selena Gomez
Simply Red
The Band Perry