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Constructing and realizing various tools of tackling difficulties is an important profession ability. ''Problem fixing, 3rd Edition'' teaches readers tips on how to turn into an issue solver, a necessary and hugely sought individual in present day complex staff. This re-creation illustrates the adaptation among medical and artistic problem-solving options and descriptions a five-step method of facing dilemmas that scholars can practice to nearly any scenario. a brand new appendix of invaluable sites has been additional in addition to true-or-false quizzes in each one bankruptcy. The chapters comprise: the matter Solver in You; utilizing clinical pondering to resolve difficulties; utilizing artistic pondering to resolve difficulties; stumbling blocks to challenge fixing; establish and outline the matter; outline ambitions and targets; Generate strategies; increase a course of action; keep on with via; and, determination Making.
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If you're like most people, you assumed A was longer than B. The truth is that A and B are the same length. Line A looks longer at first glance. You need to investigate and remain open-minded to avoid the logical pitfall. Marlene admits she fell for the "not-so-fast" fallacy more than once in high school. "I always ended up with the wrong boyfriend, for one thing," she says. "If a guy looked good and talked smooth, I figured he was for me. '" But by the time Marlene joined her first work team in a real estate office, she had learned her lesson.
Questions about viewpoints or perspectives 5. Questions that probe implications and consequences 6. Questions about the question Consider these categories as your scientific thought process to solve problems. html. DEVELOPING YOUR SCIENTIFIC THINKING SKILLS What can you do now to develop your scientific thinking? Plenty. Take math and science, for one thing. Start budgeting your personal finances. Try going through the four steps of critical thinking the next time you have a problem that needs an answer.
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ETHIOPIA: "Famine conditions" reported in Welo
NAIROBI, 4 May (IRIN) - The 1999 belg agricultural season is likely to be a complete failure, seriously impacting food availability for hundreds of thousands of people in parts of Tigray, Welo and Shewa, a UN report said.
The report, dated 30 April, from UNDP's Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia, cited government estimates indicating that about one million people dependent on the harvest would now require urgent relief support, at least until the main meher season in November/December.
While the government had late last year highlighted the critical vulnerability of Welo and Tigray to upcoming food shortages, "no-one anticipated such an early onset of the crisis," the report said. In parts of north Welo, household food reserves were now exhausted, people were leaving their homes in search of relief aid and alarming reports of famine conditions were emerging, with many farmers "poorer and more vulnerable to famine now than they were 15 years ago," it said.
Meanwhile, the Ethiopian government in April revised its 1999 estimate for the number of people requiring emergency food aid to 3.25 million, up from 2.15 million cited in a December appeal. The new total includes 396,983 people displaced in Tigray and Afar as a result of the conflict with Eritrea, the report said. The revised figure, however, does not take into account the additional needs that will arise from the anticipated failure of the belg season.
Date: Tue, 4 May 1999 16:14:40 +0300 (EAT) From: IRIN - Central and Eastern Africa <email@example.com> Subject: ETHIOPIA: "Famine conditions" reported in Welo [19990504]
Editor: Dr. Ali B. Ali-Dinar, Ph.D
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Safe -4-24-2015 Staten Island
SPAYED FEMALE, GRAY / WHITE, AMERICAN STAFF MIX, 3 yrs
RETURN – ONHOLDHERE, HOLD FOR DOH-NHB Reason BITEANIMAL
Intake condition EXAM REQ Intake Date 04/11/2015, From NY 10314, DueOut Date 04/11/2015,
Medical Behavior Evaluation GREEN
Medical Summary Scan positive: 985112003280822 Spayed;~ 3years old Very friendly and sweet Clear eyes, nose and ears No apparent wounds or injuries AMBx4 BARH NOSF Up to date on vacc
Weight 48.5
FEMALE, GRAY / WHITE, AMERICAN STAFF MIX, 3 yrs
OWNER SUR – EVALUATE, NO HOLD Reason COST
Intake condition UNSPECIFIE Intake Date 03/13/2015, From NY 10306, DueOut Date 03/13/2015, I came in with Group/Litter #K15-006791.
Medical Behavior Evaluation GREEN
Medical Summary Scan negative BARH AMBx4 Friendly,allowed handling Female~2yrs EENT:WNL No fleas seen Nosf
Weight 51.0
03/13/15 19:09
Dog Interview:
The dog's name is Luna. She is a blue nose pit-bull and she is 3 years old and unspayed.
Luna was originally obtained from a breeder. The dog has no injuries or health issues to their knowledge.
2 things that the owner likes about Luna is that she's very playful and loves people.
Around children this dog is playful. She plays somewhat rough with children. Around other dogs she is relaxed and playful. She plays very rough with them. It is unknown how she is around cats.
When left alone, Luna is anxious.
Luna has no bite history according to the owner.
when someone touches her food, Luna isn't bothered. When her bone, rawhide, or treat is taken away she also isn't bothered. When a toy or other object is taken away she is friendly. She isn't bothered when she is taken off the furniture. She is afraid when given a bath. Luna isn't bothered when her nails are trimmed or touched. It is unknown how she acts when her coat is brushed. When she is held or restrained, she isn't bothered. Luna is friendly when a stranger approaches the house, you or a family member. When disturbed while resting she isn't bothered.
Luna knows sit, come, down, shake, and give paw. For exercise she plays in the yard only, 7 days a week.
Luna likes to play with squeaky toys, to play fetch and chase.
Luna has been crate-trained and goes potty on the grass.
When home, Luna will follow you around. When left in the house or yard she is well-behaved.
When off leash, Luna wanders but comes when called.
During a storm/fireworks, Luna isn't bothered.
She eats dry food and she sleeps on a dog bed.
On 3/13/2015 Luna came to us as owner surrendered. According to the owner Luna is playful with children, gets along with strangers, and has no bite history. The owner also claims Luna tends to play rough with children and other dogs. The Assistant's observations: Friendly and walked well on leash to the assessment area. During the assessment Luna appeared calm and friendly. She allowed the Assessor to conduct all tactile assessment items and accepted handling well. Luna showed no interest for food and minimal interest for toys. When presented with a rawhide Luna appeared fearful of the "assess-a-hand". When the Assessor attempted to push on Luna's face with the assess-a-hand, she appeared fearful dropping the rawhide and quickly backing away. No other behavior issues/no aggression noted. Although Luna did well on the assessment, she appeared somewhat fearful of the assess-a-hand. In addition, the former owner's claims Luna plays rough with other dogs (not observed during the assessment) and children must be taken into consideration. It is the recommendation of the Behavior Department Luna may be adopted by an experienced owner with no children.
Helper: A1030740
Look: 1. Dog holds gaze with soft eyes, soft body. She allows head to be held loosely in Assessor's cupped hands. Dog holds gaze for three full seconds.
Sensitivity: 1. Dog leans into the Assessor, eyes soft or squinty, soft and loose body, open mouth.
Tag: 1. Follows at end of leash
Squeeze 1: 1. Dog does not respond at all for three seconds
Squeeze 1: 1. Dog gently pulls back her paw.
Food: Inconclusive, dog is not eating.
Toy: 1. Minimal interest in toy
Rawhide: Dog is fearful of assess-a-hand.
Dog-dog: 2. Dog approaches helper dog with tail at spine level, body not stiff
For more information on adopting from the NYC AC&C, or to find a rescue to assist, please read the following: http://information.urgentpodr.org/adoption-info-and-list-of-rescues/
If you are local to the Tri-State, New England, and the general Northeast United States area, and you are SERIOUS about adopting or fostering one of the animals at NYC ACC, please read our MUST READ section for instructions, or email [email protected]
Our experienced volunteers will do their best to guide you through the process.
*We highly discourage everyone from trusting strangers that send them Facebook messages, offering help, for it has ended in truly tragic events.*
For more info on behavior codes and ratings, please read here: http://information.urgentpodr.org/acc-placement-status-descriptions/
For answers to Frequently Asked Questions, please see:http://information.urgentpodr.org/frequently-asked-questions/
You can call (212) 788-4000 for automated instructions.
For more information on adopting from the NYC AC&C, or to find a rescue to assist, please read the following: http://urgentpodr.org/adoption-info-and-list-of-rescues.If you are local to the Tri-State, New England, and the general Northeast United States area, and you are SERIOUS about adopting or fostering one of the animals at NYC ACC, please read our MUST READ section for instructions, or email [email protected] Our experienced volunteers will do their best to guide you through the process.* We highly discourage everyone from trusting strangers that send them Facebook messages, offering help, for it has ended in truly tragic events.*For more info on behavior codes and ratings, please click here: http://information.urgentpodr.org/acc-placement-status-descriptions.For answers to Frequently Asked Questions, please see: http://information.urgentpodr.org/category/frequently-asked-questions/.You can call (212) 788-4000 for automated instructions.
View all entries in: Uncategorized
Reader Interactions
Facebook Comments
SAFER all ones and one two
NYC – LASAGNA is already spayed (no longer pregnant). "Reaction to touch: Lasagna accepts the stroke, head-butts the assessor's hand, rolls over, and appreciates petting on the head and body."
03/30/15 19:09 Lasagna was friendly during the intake. She had a soft body and a tail that was up. She was chirping and meowing, and she allowed petting and handling and showed no signs of aggression.
NYC, Manhattan ACC shelter
Pledging $3 for LASAGNA by my human, Brenda Williamson. Lasagna is described as a LOVEBUG & it is clear she has worried eyes. Hoping she will find a happy home!
Shelter Volunteer Janice said: What a cutie pie Lasagna is. Allowed for all petting and is a very sweet girl you will love. Please step up for her and save her life. You won't be sorry.
Notes: "CHIRPERs Alert! Lasagne head-butts the assessor's hand, rolls over and appreciates petting. Reaction to door opening: Lasagne remains lying down in a relaxed position, alert with soft eyes. Lasagne is easy to handle and tolerates all petting."
pledge $3
Lasagna has been pulled by Louie's Legacy. Please visit their website to kindly honor your pledge and note it for Lasagna. Thank you http://www.louieslegacy.org/
i pldege 50$ for Luna
Pledge 6$ For luna
Yeah Luna!


text:
Potassium-argon dating
Note that this method is not only self-checking, but it also works on open systems. Whenever rock is melted to become magma or lava, the argon tends to escape. Instead, data from this Mount St. There are a number of long-lived radioactive isotopes used in radiometric dating, and a variety of ways they are used to determine the ages of rocks, minerals, and organic materials. Renne tested Ar-Ar dating by checking it against the 79 A.
General considerations
A small change in the nuclear forces probably accelerated nuclear clocks during the first day of creation a few thousand years ago, causing the spuriously old radiometric dates of rocks. Thorium takes about 83, years to decay. For example carbon has isotopes of weight 12, 13, and 14 times the mass of a nucleon, referred to as carbon, carbon, or carbon abbreviated as 12 C, 13 C, 14 C. The only isotope of geologic interest that undergoes e. The chemical properties of rubidium and strontium are so dissimilar that minerals which readily accept rubidium into their crystal structure tend to exclude strontium and vice versa. Amino Acid Racemization Dating. The lead provides lubrication, and the copper provides the load-bearing support.
Potassium—argon dating has made it possible to establish that the earliest remains of man and his artifacts in East Africa go back at least 2,, years, and probably further.
Potassium-argon dating , for instance, can provide the age of a specimen by clocking the rate at which radioactive isotopes of these elements have decayed. When radiometric methods cannot be applied, investigators may still ascribe a relative age to a fossil by relating it to the…. We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval.
Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed.
Potassium-argon dating Written By: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Learn More in these related articles: More About Potassium-argon dating 5 references found in Britannica articles Assorted References major reference In dating: Analysis of separated minerals In dating: Potassium—argon methods age determination of tektites In tektite: Retrieved 30 January Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
Retrieved 28 February Retrieved 10 July The Weiser Concise Guide to Alchemy. Their Origin, Abundance and Distribution. Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved 22 February Medical Toxicology 3rd ed.
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 18 February The Chemistry of Organocopper Compounds. University of Toronto Press. An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Hazardous Materials in the Environment. Transactions of the Philological Society. University of Pennsylvania Press. Retrieved 29 October Searching for the Oldest Stars: Ancient Relics from the Early Universe. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials.
Smithells Metals Reference Book. Journal of Occupational Medicine. The history and topography of Glen Osmond, with map and illustrations. Libraries Board of South Australia. Retrieved 18 April Retrieved 30 October Chemistry of the Elements 2nd ed. Retrieved 15 February United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 8 May Lithium-ion Battery Materials and Engineering: Current Topics and Problems from the Manufacturing Perspective.
Engineering properties and applications of lead alloys. Hamilton and Hardy's Industrial Toxicology. Its Effects on Environment and Health.
Metal Ions in Life Sciences. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. Retrieved 1 March Retrieved 18 July American Journal of Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America. International Atomic Energy Agency. Retrieved 31 March Jedburgh Justice and Kentish Fire: A Compendium of Cases, Catastrophes and Crimes. Inorganic Chemistry of Main Group Elements. Poisoning and Drug Overdose 5th ed. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. How to Build a Habitable Planet: Retrieved 30 April Retrieved 20 February United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Retrieved 16 February The Earth Through Time. Retrieved 31 January Goddard Space Flight Center. Archived from the original PDF on 29 December Retrieved 2 July Dictionary of Inorganic Compounds. American Journal of Public Health. Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Retrieved 12 August Science of the Total Environment. Insights from the Black Death". Journal of Physical Chemistry. Diagnosis and Management of the Poisoned Child. Journal of Occupational Health. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
Retrieved 18 November Retrieved 21 August Periodicity and the s- and p-Block Elements. The New England Journal of Medicine. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Retrieved 1 July Clean Energy States Alliance. Oxford English Dictionary 2nd ed. Implications for remediation" PDF. Archived from the original PDF on 26 November The New Cold-Molded Boatbuilding: From Lofting to Launching.
Crystal Chemistry of Tetrahedral Structures. Lead ] in Russian. Retrieved 21 June Archived from the original on 22 March Retrieved 7 April Retrieved 3 July A Guide to Modelling and Sculpture. Lead in Paint, Soil, and Dust: Lyman Cast Bullet Handbook 3rd ed. Journal of Chemical Education. The International Lead Trade. The Elements of Environmental Pollution. Historical aspects of a paradigmatic "occupational and environmental disease " ". Safety and Health at Work.
Production of lead and thorium in the early galaxy". The American Astronomical Society. Infrared Detectors 2nd ed. Retrieved 19 November Intermetallische Phasen [ Intermettallic Phases ] in German. Rudolph's Pediatrics 21st ed.
The divine law as to wines. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. Case Studies in Environmental Science. The Journal of Chemical Physics. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering. Metals, Fertility, and Reproductive Toxicity.
An anion with three stretched lead—lead bonds". Metals in the Service of Man 11th ed. Conservation of Cultural Heritage: Key Principles and Approaches. Archived from the original PDF on 21 October Retrieved 27 August The Lead Sheet Association.
The History of Chemistry. Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley publishers. Retrieved 5 February Retrieved 13 February Archived from the original on 6 June Archived from the original PDF on 2 July Nuclear Engineering and Design. United Nations Environment Programme Final review of scientific information on lead PDF. United States Environmental Protection Agency United States Food and Drug Administration United States Geological Survey Geological Survey Professional Paper. United States Government Publishing Office.
A Scientific Search Problem. Retrieved 23 November Retrieved 4 March Physiologic and Chemical Basis for Metal Toxicity. United States Department of the Interior. Superconductivity and its Applications. General chemistry with qualitative analysis 3rd ed. Retrieved 6 September Archived from the original on 31 August Retrieved 12 February Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs 9th ed.
World Health Organization Air quality guidelines for Europe PDF. Regional Office for Europe. World Nuclear Association However, there is one complication. One cannot always assume that there were no daughter atoms to begin with. It turns out that there are some cases where one can make that assumption quite reliably.
But in most cases the initial amount of the daughter product must be accurately determined. Most of the time one can use the different amounts of parent and daughter present in different minerals within the rock to tell how much daughter was originally present. Each dating mechanism deals with this problem in its own way. Some types of dating work better in some rocks; others are better in other rocks, depending on the rock composition and its age.
Let's examine some of the different dating mechanisms now. Potassium is an abundant element in the Earth's crust. One isotope, potassium, is radioactive and decays to two different daughter products, calcium and argon, by two different decay methods.
This is not a problem because the production ratio of these two daughter products is precisely known, and is always constant: It is possible to date some rocks by the potassium-calcium method, but this is not often done because it is hard to determine how much calcium was initially present.
Argon, on the other hand, is a gas. Whenever rock is melted to become magma or lava, the argon tends to escape. Once the molten material hardens, it begins to trap the new argon produced since the hardening took place.
In this way the potassium-argon clock is clearly reset when an igneous rock is formed. In its simplest form, the geologist simply needs to measure the relative amounts of potassium and argon to date the rock. The age is given by a relatively simple equation:. However, in reality there is often a small amount of argon remaining in a rock when it hardens.
This is usually trapped in the form of very tiny air bubbles in the rock. One percent of the air we breathe is argon. Any extra argon from air bubbles may need to be taken into account if it is significant relative to the amount of radiogenic argon that is, argon produced by radioactive decays. This would most likely be the case in either young rocks that have not had time to produce much radiogenic argon, or in rocks that are low in the parent potassium.
One must have a way to determine how much air-argon is in the rock. This is rather easily done because air-argon has a couple of other isotopes, the most abundant of which is argon The ratio of argon to argon in air is well known, at Thus, if one measures argon as well as argon, one can calculate and subtract off the air-argon to get an accurate age. One of the best ways of showing that an age-date is correct is to confirm it with one or more different dating.
Although potassium-argon is one of the simplest dating methods, there are still some cases where it does not agree with other methods. When this does happen, it is usually because the gas within bubbles in the rock is from deep underground rather than from the air.
This gas can have a higher concentration of argon escaping from the melting of older rocks. This is called parentless argon because its parent potassium is not in the rock being dated, and is also not from the air. In these slightly unusual cases, the date given by the normal potassium-argon method is too old.
However, scientists in the mids came up with a way around this problem, the argon-argon method, discussed in the next section. Even though it has been around for nearly half a century, the argon-argon method is seldom discussed by groups critical of dating methods. This method uses exactly the same parent and daughter isotopes as the potassium-argon method.
In effect, it is a different way of telling time from the same clock. Instead of simply comparing the total potassium with the non-air argon in the rock, this method has a way of telling exactly what and how much argon is directly related to the potassium in the rock. In the argon-argon method the rock is placed near the center of a nuclear reactor for a period of hours. A nuclear reactor emits a very large number of neutrons, which are capable of changing a small amount of the potassium into argon Argon is not found in nature because it has only a year half-life.
This half-life doesn't affect the argon-argon dating method as long as the measurements are made within about five years of the neutron dose. The rock is then heated in a furnace to release both the argon and the argon representing the potassium for analysis. The heating is done at incrementally higher temperatures and at each step the ratio of argon to argon is measured.
If the argon is from decay of potassium within the rock, it will come out at the same temperatures as the potassium-derived argon and in a constant proportion. On the other hand, if there is some excess argon in the rock it will cause a different ratio of argon to argon for some or many of the heating steps, so the different heating steps will not agree with each other.
Figure 2 is an example of a good argon-argon date. The fact that this plot is flat shows that essentially all of the argon is from decay of potassium within the rock. The potassium content of the sample is found by multiplying the argon by a factor based on the neutron exposure in the reactor. When this is done, the plateau in the figure represents an age date based on the decay of potassium to argon There are occasions when the argon-argon dating method does not give an age even if there is sufficient potassium in the sample and the rock was old enough to date.
This most often occurs if the rock experienced a high temperature usually a thousand degrees Fahrenheit or more at some point since its formation. If that occurs, some of the argon gas moves around, and the analysis does not give a smooth plateau across the extraction temperature steps. An example of an argon-argon analysis that did not yield an age date is shown in Figure 3. Notice that there is no good plateau in this plot.
In some instances there will actually be two plateaus, one representing the formation age, and another representing the time at which the heating episode occurred. But in most cases where the system has been disturbed, there simply is no date given. The important point to note is that, rather than giving wrong age dates, this method simply does not give a date if the system has been disturbed.
This is also true of a number of other igneous rock dating methods, as we will describe below. In nearly all of the dating methods, except potassium-argon and the associated argon-argon method, there is always some amount of the daughter product already in the rock when it cools.
Using these methods is a little like trying to tell time from an hourglass that was turned over before all of the sand had fallen to the bottom. One can think of ways to correct for this in an hourglass: One could make a mark on the outside of the glass where the sand level started from and then repeat the interval with a stopwatch in the other hand to calibrate it.
Or if one is clever she or he could examine the hourglass' shape and determine what fraction of all the sand was at the top to start with. By knowing how long it takes all of the sand to fall, one could determine how long the time interval was. Similarly, there are good ways to tell quite precisely how much of the daughter product was already in the rock when it cooled and hardened.
Figure 4 is an important type of plot used in rubidium-strontium dating. This works because if there were no rubidium in the sample, the strontium composition would not change. The slope of the line is used to determine the age of the sample. As the rock starts to age, rubidium gets converted to strontium. The amount of strontium added to each mineral is proportional to the amount of rubidium present. The solid line drawn through the samples will thus progressively rotate from the horizontal to steeper and steeper slopes.
From that we can determine the original daughter strontium in each mineral, which is just what we need to know to determine the correct age. It also turns out that the slope of the line is proportional to the age of the rock. The older the rock, the steeper the line will be. If the slope of the line is m and the half-life is h , the age t in years is given by the equation. For a system with a very long half-life like rubidium-strontium, the actual numerical value of the slope will always be quite small.
To give an example for the above equation, if the slope of a line in a plot similar to Fig. Several things can on rare occasions cause problems for the rubidium-strontium dating method. One possible source of problems is if a rock contains some minerals that are older than the main part of the rock. This can happen when magma inside the Earth picks up unmelted minerals from the surrounding rock as the magma moves through a magma chamber. Usually a good geologist can distinguish these "xenoliths" from the younger minerals around them.
If he or she does happen to use them for dating the rock, the points represented by these minerals will lie off the line made by the rest of the points.
Another difficulty can arise if a rock has undergone metamorphism, that is, if the rock got very hot, but not hot enough to completely re-melt the rock. In these cases, the dates look confused, and do not lie along a line. Some of the minerals may have completely melted, while others did not melt at all, so some minerals try to give the igneous age while other minerals try to give the metamorphic age.
In these cases there will not be a straight line, and no date is determined. In a few very rare instances the rubidium-strontium method has given straight lines that give wrong ages. This can happen when the rock being dated was formed from magma that was not well mixed, and which had two distinct batches of rubidium and strontium.
One magma batch had rubidium and strontium compositions near the upper end of a line such as in Fig. In this case, the. This is called a two-component mixing line. It is a very rare occurrence in these dating mechanisms, but at least thirty cases have been documented among the tens of thousands of rubidium-strontium dates made. The agreement of several dating methods is the best fail-safe way of dating rocks. All of these methods work very similarly to the rubidium-strontium method.
They all use three-isotope diagrams similar to Figure 4 to determine the age. The samarium-neodymium method is the most-often used of these three. It uses the decay of samarium to neodymium, which has a half-life of billion years.
The ratio of the daughter isotope, neodymium, to another neodymium isotope, neodymium, is plotted against the ratio of the parent, samarium, to neodymium If different minerals from the same rock plot along a line, the slope is determined, and the age is given by the same equation as above.
The samarium-neodymium method may be preferred for rocks that have very little potassium and rubidium, for which the potassium-argon, argon-argon, and rubidium-strontium methods might be difficult. The samarium-neodymium method has also been shown to be more resistant to being disturbed or re-set by metamorphic heating events, so for some metamorphosed rocks the samarium-neodymium method is preferred. For a rock of the same age, the slope on the neodymium-samarium plots will be less than on a rubidium-strontium plot because the half-life is longer.
However, these isotope ratios are usually measured to extreme accuracy--several parts in ten thousand--so accurate dates can be obtained even for ages less than one fiftieth of a half-life, and with correspondingly small slopes. The lutetium-hafnium method uses the 38 billion year half-life of lutetium decaying to hafnium This dating system is similar in many ways to samarium-neodymium, as the elements tend to be concentrated in the same types of minerals.
Since samarium-neodymium dating is somewhat easier, the lutetium-hafnium method is used less often. The rhenium-osmium method takes advantage of the fact that the osmium concentration in most rocks and minerals is very low, so a small amount of the parent rhenium can produce a significant change in the osmium isotope ratio. The half-life for this radioactive decay is 42 billion years. The non-radiogenic stable isotopes, osmium or , are used as the denominator in the ratios on the three-isotope plots.
This method has been useful for dating iron meteorites, and is now enjoying greater use for dating Earth rocks due to development of easier rhenium and osmium isotope measurement techniques. Uranium-Lead and related techniques. The uranium-lead method is the longest-used dating method. It was first used in , about a century ago. The uranium-lead system is more complicated than other parent-daughter systems; it is actually several dating methods put together.
Natural uranium consists primarily of two isotopes, U and U, and these isotopes decay with different half-lives to produce lead and lead, respectively.
In addition, lead is produced by thorium Only one isotope of lead, lead, is not radiogenic. The uranium-lead system has an interesting complication: Each decays through a series of relatively short-lived radioactive elements that each decay to a lighter element, finally ending up at lead. Since these half-lives are so short compared to U, U, and thorium, they generally do not affect the overall dating scheme.
The result is that one can obtain three independent estimates of the age of a rock by measuring the lead isotopes and their parent isotopes. Long-term dating based on the U, U, and thorium will be discussed briefly here; dating based on some of the shorter-lived intermediate isotopes is discussed later. The uranium-lead system in its simpler forms, using U, U, and thorium, has proved to be less reliable than many of the other dating systems.
This is because both uranium and lead are less easily retained in many of the minerals in which they are found. Yet the fact that there are three dating systems all in one allows scientists to easily determine whether the system has been disturbed or not.
Using slightly more complicated mathematics, different combinations of the lead isotopes and parent isotopes can be plotted in such a way as to. One of these techniques is called the lead-lead technique because it determines the ages from the lead isotopes alone. Some of these techniques allow scientists to chart at what points in time metamorphic heating events have occurred, which is also of significant interest to geologists. The Age of the Earth. We now turn our attention to what the dating systems tell us about the age of the Earth.
The most obvious constraint is the age of the oldest rocks. These have been dated at up to about four billion years. But actually only a very small portion of the Earth 's rocks are that old. From satellite data and other measurements we know that the Earth's surface is constantly rearranging itself little by little as Earth quakes occur. Such rearranging cannot occur without some of the Earth's surface disappearing under other parts of the Earth's surface, re-melting some of the rock.
So it appears that none of the rocks have survived from the creation of the Earth without undergoing remelting, metamorphism, or erosion, and all we can say--from this line of evidence--is that the Earth appears to be at least as old as the four billion year old rocks. When scientists began systematically dating meteorites they learned a very interesting thing: These meteorites are chips off the asteroids. When the asteroids were formed in space, they cooled relatively quickly some of them may never have gotten very warm , so all of their rocks were formed within a few million years.
The asteroids' rocks have not been remelted ever since, so the ages have generally not been disturbed. Meteorites that show evidence of being from the largest asteroids have slightly younger ages.
The moon is larger than the largest asteroid. Most of the rocks we have from the moon do not exceed 4. The samples thought to be the oldest are highly pulverized and difficult to date, though there are a few dates extending all the way to 4. Most scientists think that all the bodies in the solar system were created at about the same time.
Evidence from the uranium, thorium, and lead isotopes links the Earth's age with that of the meteorites. This would make the Earth 4. There is another way to determine the age of the Earth. If we see an hourglass whose sand has run out, we know that it was turned over longer ago than the time interval it measures. Similarly, if we find that a radioactive parent was once abundant but has since run out, we know that it too was set longer ago than the time interval it measures.
There are in fact many, many more parent isotopes than those listed in Table 1. However, most of them are no longer found naturally on Earth--they have run out. Their half-lives range down to times shorter than we can measure.
Every single element has radioisotopes that no longer exist on Earth! Many people are familiar with a chart of the elements Fig. Nuclear chemists and geologists use a different kind of figure to show all of the isotopes. It is called a chart of the nuclides. Figure 7 shows a portion of this chart. It is basically a plot of the number of protons vs.
Recall that an element is defined by how many protons it has. Each element can have a number of different isotopes, that is,. A portion of the chart of the nuclides showing isotopes of argon and potassium, and some of the isotopes of chlorine and calcium. Isotopes shown in dark green are found in rocks. Isotopes shown in light green have short half-lives, and thus are no longer found in rocks. Short-lived isotopes can be made for nearly every element in the periodic table, but unless replenished by cosmic rays or other radioactive isotopes, they no longer exist in nature.
So each element occupies a single row, while different isotopes of that element lie in different columns. For potassium found in nature, the total neutrons plus protons can add up to 39, 40, or Potassium and are stable, but potassium is unstable, giving us the dating methods discussed above. Besides the stable potassium isotopes and potassium, it is possible to produce a number of other potassium isotopes, but, as shown by the half-lives of these isotopes off to the side, they decay away.
Now, if we look at which radioisotopes still exist and which do not, we find a very interesting fact. Nearly all isotopes with half-lives shorter than half a billion years are no longer in existence. For example, although most rocks contain significant amounts of Calcium, the isotope Calcium half-life , years does not exist just as potassium, , , etc. Just about the only radioisotopes found naturally are those with very long half-lives of close to a billion years or longer, as illustrated in the time line in Fig.
The only isotopes present with shorter half-lives are those that have a source constantly replenishing them. Chlorine shown in Fig. In a number of cases there is. Some of these isotopes and their half-lives are given in Table II.
This is conclusive evidence that the solar system was created longer ago than the span of these half lives! On the other hand, the existence in nature of parent isotopes with half lives around a billion years and longer is strong evidence that the Earth was created not longer ago than several billion years.
The Earth is old enough that radioactive isotopes with half-lives less than half a billion years decayed away, but not so old that radioactive isotopes with longer half-lives are gone. This is just like finding hourglasses measuring a long time interval still going, while hourglasses measuring shorter intervals have run out. Years Plutonium 82 million Iodine 16 million Palladium 6. Unlike the radioactive isotopes discussed above, these isotopes are constantly being replenished in small amounts in one of two ways.
The bottom two entries, uranium and thorium, are replenished as the long-lived uranium atoms decay. These will be discussed in the next section. The other three, Carbon, beryllium, and chlorine are produced by cosmic rays--high energy particles and photons in space--as they hit the Earth's upper atmosphere.
Very small amounts of each of these isotopes are present in the air we breathe and the water we drink. As a result, living things, both plants and animals, ingest very small amounts of carbon, and lake and sea sediments take up small amounts of beryllium and chlorine The cosmogenic dating clocks work somewhat differently than the others. Carbon in particular is used to date material such as bones, wood, cloth, paper, and other dead tissue from either plants or animals.
To a rough approximation, the ratio of carbon to the stable isotopes, carbon and carbon, is relatively constant in the atmosphere and living organisms, and has been well calibrated. Once a living thing dies, it no longer takes in carbon from food or air, and the amount of carbon starts to drop with time.
Since the half-life of carbon is less than 6, years, it can only be used for dating material less than about 45, years old. Dinosaur bones do not have carbon unless contaminated , as the dinosaurs became extinct over 60 million years ago. But some other animals that are now extinct, such as North American mammoths, can be dated by carbon Also, some materials from prehistoric times, as well as Biblical events, can be dated by carbon The carbon dates have been carefully cross-checked with non-radiometric age indicators.
For example growth rings in trees, if counted carefully, are a reliable way to determine the age of a tree. Each growth ring only collects carbon from the air and nutrients during the year it is made. To calibrate carbon, one can analyze carbon from the center several rings of a tree, and then count the rings inward from the living portion to determine the actual age. This has been done for the "Methuselah of trees", the bristlecone pine trees, which grow very slowly and live up to 6, years.
Scientists have extended this calibration even further. These trees grow in a very dry region near the California-Nevada border. Dead trees in this dry climate take many thousands of years to decay. Growth ring patterns based on wet and dry years can be correlated between living and long dead trees, extending the continuous ring count back to 11, years ago. An effort is presently underway to bridge the gaps so as to have a reliable, continuous record significantly farther back in time.
The study of tree rings and the ages they give is called "dendrochronology". Calibration of carbon back to almost 50, years ago has been done in several ways. One way is to find yearly layers that are produced over longer periods of time than tree rings.
In some lakes or bays where underwater sedimentation occurs at a relatively rapid rate, the sediments have seasonal patterns, so each year produces a distinct layer. Such sediment layers are called "varves", and are described in more detail below. Varve layers can be counted just like tree rings. If layers contain dead plant material, they can be used to calibrate the carbon ages. Another way to calibrate carbon farther back in time is to find recently-formed carbonate deposits and cross-calibrate the carbon in them with another short-lived radioactive isotope.
Where do we find recently-formed carbonate deposits? If you have ever taken a tour of a cave and seen water dripping from stalactites on the ceiling to stalagmites on the floor of the cave, you have seen carbonate deposits being formed. Since most cave formations have formed relatively recently, formations such as stalactites and stalagmites have been quite useful in cross-calibrating the carbon record.
What does one find in the calibration of carbon against actual ages? If one predicts a carbon age assuming that the ratio of carbon to carbon in the air has stayed constant, there is a slight error because this ratio has changed slightly. Figure 9 shows that the carbon fraction in the air has decreased over the last 40, years by about a factor of two. This is attributed to a strengthening of the Earth's magnetic field during this time.
A stronger magnetic field shields the upper atmosphere better from charged cosmic rays, resulting in less carbon production now than in the past. Changes in the Earth's magnetic field are well documented. Complete reversals of the north and south magnetic poles have occurred many times over geologic history.
A small amount of data beyond 40, years not shown in Fig. What change does this have on uncalibrated carbon ages? The bottom panel of Figure 9 shows the amount. Ratio of atmospheric carbon to carbon, relative to the present-day value top panel. Tree-ring data are from Stuiver et al. The offset is generally less than years over the last 10, years, but grows to about 6, years at 40, years before present.
Uncalibrated radiocarbon ages underestimate the actual ages. Note that a factor of two difference in the atmospheric carbon ratio, as shown in the top panel of Figure 9, does not translate to a factor of two offset in the age. Rather, the offset is equal to one half-life, or 5, years for carbon The initial portion of the calibration curve in Figure 9 has been widely available and well accepted for some time, so reported radiocarbon dates for ages up to 11, years generally give the calibrated ages unless otherwise stated.
The calibration curve over the portions extending to 40, years is relatively recent, but should become widely adopted as well.
It is sometimes possible to date geologically young samples using some of the long-lived methods described above. These methods may work on young samples, for example, if there is a relatively high concentration of the parent isotope in the sample. In that case, sufficient daughter isotope amounts are produced in a relatively short time. As an example, an article in Science magazine vol.
There are other ways to date some geologically young samples. Besides the cosmogenic radionuclides discussed above, there is one other class of short-lived radionuclides on Earth.
These are ones produced by decay of the long-lived radionuclides given in the upper part of Table 1. As mentioned in the Uranium-Lead section, uranium does not decay immediately to a stable isotope, but decays through a number of shorter-lived radioisotopes until it ends up as lead. While the uranium-lead system can measure intervals in the millions of years generally without problems from the intermediate isotopes, those intermediate isotopes with the longest half-lives span long enough time intervals for dating events less than several hundred thousand years ago.
Note that these intervals are well under a tenth of a percent of the half-lives of the long-lived parent uranium and thorium isotopes discussed earlier. Two of the most frequently-used of these "uranium-series" systems are uranium and thorium These are listed as the last two entries in Table 1, and are illustrated in Figure A schematic representation of the uranium decay chain, showing the longest-lived nuclides.
Half-lives are given in each box. Solid arrows represent direct decay, while dashed arrows indicate that there are one or more intermediate decays, with the longest intervening half-life given below the arrow. Like carbon, the shorter-lived uranium-series isotopes are constantly being replenished, in this case, by decaying uranium supplied to the Earth during its original creation.
Following the example of carbon, you may guess that one way to use these isotopes for dating is to remove them from their source of replenishment. This starts the dating clock. In carbon this happens when a living thing like a tree dies and no longer takes in carbonladen CO 2. For the shorter-lived uranium-series radionuclides, there needs to be a physical removal from uranium. The chemistry of uranium and thorium are such that they are in fact easily removed from each other.
Uranium tends to stay dissolved in water, but thorium is insoluble in water. So a number of applications of the thorium method are based on this chemical partition between uranium and thorium. Sediments at the bottom of the ocean have very little uranium relative to the thorium. Because of this, the uranium, and its contribution to the thorium abundance, can in many cases be ignored in sediments.
Thorium then behaves similarly to the long-lived parent isotopes we discussed earlier. It acts like a simple parent-daughter system, and it can be used to date sediments. On the other hand, calcium carbonates produced biologically such as in corals, shells, teeth, and bones take in small amounts of uranium, but essentially no thorium because of its much lower concentrations in the water.
This allows the dating of these materials by their lack of thorium. A brand-new coral reef will have essentially no thorium As it ages, some of its uranium decays to thorium While the thorium itself is radioactive, this can be corrected for. Comparison of uranium ages with ages obtained by counting annual growth bands of corals proves that the technique is.
Imsges: lead dating method
There are now well over forty different radiometric dating techniques, each based on a different radioactive isotope. But actually only a very small portion of the Earth 's rocks are that old.
Argon is a noble gas. He believed this even though he did admit that some heat might be generated by the tidal forces or by chemical action. I am afraid the debate over the age of the Earth has many similarities.
This provides a value for the background radiation, which must be subtracted from the measured activity of the sample being dated to get the activity lead dating method logan henderson dating history to that sample's 14 C. Whenever rock is melted to become magma or lava, lead dating method argon tends to escape. Notice clothes, shoes, jewelry. The intercept of this line with the ordinate represents the isotopic composition of the initial strontium. However, it's just hard to believe, according to conventional lead dating method time scales, that this coal was compressed any time within the past several thousand or even hundred million years. The portion that remains in a fissure below the surface usually forms a vertical black tubular body known as a dike or dyke. This value is derived from several different lines of evidence.
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We did it!
Zoe J Sheridan raised £925 from 49 supporters
Start your own crowdfunding page
Closed 14/10/2017
We've raised £925 to For 2 causes close to my heart, Asthma Uk in memory of my Dad who passed away in 2010 & Babbington dog Rescue in memory of Miss D x
- Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Funded on Saturday, 14th October 2017
What is crowdfunding?
Crowdfunding is a new type of fundraising where you can raise funds for your own personal cause, even if you're not a registered charity.
The page owner is responsible for the distribution of funds raised.
I am taking part in the Robin Hood Half Marathon on September 24th 2017 to support 2 causes very close to my heart. The first cause is Asthma UK. My Dad tragically died of an asthma attack on 23rd June 2010 leaving a massive hole in mine and his family & friends hearts so I would like to help raise funds for research as it would have been his 60th Birthday in July this year & my second cause is Babbington dog rescue in Awsworth Nottinghamshire who we adopted our beautiful Miss Daisy from back in July 2013, sadly she has now gone to Rainbow Bridge after a very brave battle with cancer leaving us heartbroken (July 21st 2017). They work so had to save thousands of dogs every year and care for them until they find forever homes regardless of age & breed, I have already started training & my last half marathon was when I was in my early 30's & I'm now approaching my 40's & would love to beat my previous time although just completing it & getting plenty of sponsors will mean a lot to me to help these amazing causes so if you can spare even a £1 I would be so grateful & I promise to put the training in xx
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Jacqueline Dixon
Oct 14, 2017
Emma Smith
Oct 13, 2017
Kind Donation from Emma & Simon xx
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Well done, it is such an amazing thing you have done for 2 amazing charities
Carole Morris
Oct 12, 2017
Kind Donation from Cadge & John x
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Kind Donation from Mark & Net Sheridan xx
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Kind Donation from Cheryl & Emma Woods x
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KInd sponsor from Paul & Dave xx
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Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Jailbreaks and iOS Hacks' started by navodwickra, Dec 9, 2014.
WTH I find out about the jailbreak before iOS 8.1.2 lol...
Anyone try Springtomize on 8.1.2 and it work?
It barely works on 8.1.1. I switched to shrink, MoreIcons and hideme8. I'm still on 8.1.1 till tomorrow...
Yup, its still buggy. Any suggestions on a 5 icon dock mod? there are so damn many out there?
Hideme does it all, except this and anything to show more icons in folder pages like 4x3? (12 icons a page)
Oh no, this is gonna play on my OCD again. What to do?...
Update! You know you want to
I went ahead and did the Shrink upgrade to More Icons for .99. With shrink, More Icons and hideme8 I won't even think about springtomize again.
Does more icons allow to increase grid size as well as icons in the dock?
Do you mean like FolderEnhancer? I use that to show multiple apps in the folder (instead of the few that are allowed by stock) I'm on 8.1 and it's working just fine right now. Not sure if it is updated for 8.1.X
Only 1 photo at a time?..,
Still limited somewhat to folders. I have a 4x4 layout but if you wanted more folder enhancer would be more appropriate probably.
Upgraded my Air 2. Tested:
(all from the default repos; iFile registered)
Skype Recorder
(not available any more; using v1.2, officially purchased, non-cracked)
Everything works OK. Will continue reporting on for example CCK compatibility (see my yesterday's report at http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?t=1826971 )
Can someone test opennotifier? That usually requires a libstatusbar update to work.
Tested. Works OK. So does A2DP.
I really like Infinidock.
Me too, I was looking for a new update for the JB tool then I saw the change log.
Someone says here that it still works.
Yeah. It works from tateu repo.
Thanks for all the screen caps. I've been using a combo of springtomize and home screen designer to push icons to the bottom of my 6+ homescreen. Not sure I will change apps, but I do appreciate seeing the options.
Sure not a problem. A screenshot speaks for itself I could never explain what I took a picture of. I used Shrink on IOS 5 and back then it included all the options that MoreIcons have now... I like HideMe8 it has some good tweaks that Springtomize doesn't have. I've been debating removing Springtomize for a week but finally pulled the trigger a couple nights ago and am happy that I did.
i just jailbroke to 8.1.2 and i keep getting important package update "taig 8-0 - 8.1.x" and it tries to download but then i get a size mismatch error
That's happening to me too and I'm on 8.1.1...


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By Agata Copani,Ferdinando Nicoletti
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Newspaper article Evening Gazette (Middlesbrough, England)
University Honour for Keith
Article excerpt
A FORMER Guisborough lad who rose to become Chief Executive of Standard Life Investments has been awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Business Administration from Teesside University.
Keith Skeoch received his degree from the University's Vice-Chancellor, Prof Graham Henderson, at Gisborough Hall to mark the 450th anniversary of the University's partner College, Prior Pursglove College (PCC). Keith is a former student of Prior Pursglove College, having grown up in Guisborough.
Prof Henderson said: "I am delighted that the university is awarding this honorary degree to Keith Skeoch at this very special event for Prior Pursglove College. Keith has made a most distinguished contribution to his industry and is a great credit to the college in its 450th year."
Judy Burton, principal of Prior Pursglove, said: "Year after year our students leave college to begin their journey down their chosen career path. It is with huge pride that we see so many of them accomplish great things and Keith is an excellent example of this and a role model to future students. …


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The term dropshipping is applied to someone who takes orders from a customer and passes them on to a supplier to handle. It is similar to being an agent for the wholesaler and you are essentially, for all intents and purposes, the middleman of a transaction. Success will always rely on a few determining factors but dropshipping can definitely be a profitable business module, as it requires minimal investment and is very low risk.
High Profit Margins
Like any business, it will take time to build up a dropshipping company but if this is done correctly and intelligently, there is no reason why your dropshipping business won't be highly profitable. You can operate your dropshipping business by using websites like eBay and Amazon and you should also set up an ecommerce website where wholesale stock is listed by category to make it easy for your site visitors to find which products they want.
The Advantages
Starting an online dropshipping store is fairly simple and straightforward and here's why:
Independent Location
You can choose which location you want to work from, as there is no need to have a storage facility or a warehouse, so you can work from an independent location such as from home. As long as you have a computer and an internet connection, you are able to conduct business.
Forecasted Profits
How much you will make from running a dropshipping business will vary and it will take time to build up a customer base and get to know the industry in terms of understanding what your customers want and which suppliers are good to work with. However, if you adopt the right approach, it is likely that you will earn enough in the first few months to supplement your regular income and after a year or more, you may well be earning a six-figure salary from it.
Profit margins are roughly determined by the following:
Most of the day to day work will handle itself, so the input you need to put into the business is minimal. Someone else is handling the storage of the products, the handling and the shipping, so all you need to do is take the order and pass it on so once the business is established, the work itself is fairly easy.2016-01-26
July 22, 2018
June 26, 2018
June 18, 2018
April 28, 2018


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Content, content, content – it's all about content. In today's fast-moving, communication-driven world, pulling customers in has never been more important. Gone are the days when selling your wares was all about having the best price-point and the loudest advert,...read more
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Social Media Coach: The ingredient that your business needs in 2017
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We have talked about giving 5 star service – but in order to deliver that service, you need to have customers to deliver it to; and that is where making yourself memorable comes in. You could be the very best at whatever you do, but if nobody knows about you, it is...read more
5 star service – What is it, actually?
When was the last time you genuinely received top class service? You will no doubt remember it, even though it may have been some while ago. But stop for a second to analyse it – what did that company do that impressed you so much? Many of the things that most of us...read more
Will 2016 be your best year yet?
The summer holidays have drawn to an end and the really serious business starts again in earnest. How do you make the final quarter of 2016 your best yet? Social media continues to be one of the best ways to market your business. The climb in users has been steady and...read more
Consistency in your marketing – How do you achieve it?
Brand consistency is a phrase that is bandied about regularly; and it is a very important aspect of marketing; if you don't have a uniform look and feel to your brand, it is never going to be strong. But there is more to consistency than just your brand – you need to...read more
Top tips for choosing a Social Media Manager
Social media is a continuing hot topic in the world of marketing. If you want to grow your business, it is imperative that you get your message out through social media; if you are not there in some regular capacity, you are missing a huge trick. Lots of companies...read more
Experience vs Transaction – How have John Lewis stores got it so right?
Consistently ranked in the top 10 highest rated organisations by the UK Customer Satisfaction Index, what is it about John Lewis that is so well loved? It can be summed up in one phrase; customer service. When you walk into any one of their department stores, you are...read more
Small companies and exhibitions – Big benefits or just big cost?
SMEs stand to gain a huge amount from a well-placed, well thought out stand at a targeted exhibition. However, in order to make the most of the opportunities, preparation is key. Setting aside the time to plan your stand, your message, your aims and your attack will...read more
The big, not so bad, world of exhibitions…
There are countless exhibitions and conferences out there, providing you and your company with the opportunity to really push your brand or product. Face to face contact with your potential and actual clients is invaluable, and there aren't many ways of accessing more...read more


text: Cavalier – Next Up (feat. Ezra & Oshi) Three teenage phenoms team up to produce a crisp and cool trap treat. Related Posts: Skrillex teams up with Elohim on her OWSLA debut single, 'Connect' [WATCH] Anna Lunoe shines light on the scene's latest club stompers with new HYPERHOUSE Livestream series


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Collected by Jeff Tjin
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Piazza di Pellicceria, 1, 16123 Genova GE, Italy
Tucked deep in the heart of the ancient city, this is an easy Palazzo to miss—but don't miss it. My favorite of the Genovese museums, five floors of this massive palace are dedicated to the history and splendor of Genoa—the first three being the...
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Belvedere Luigi Montaldo, 16124 Genova GE, Italy
Pack a few slices of focaccia (and a half bottle of prosecco) and head up to Castelletto at sunset for a beautiful view of the lights coming on over the harbor. If you want to walk it (I warn you, it is steep!), take the staircase at the end of...
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Corso Italia, Genova GE, Italy
If you like to eat straight from the sea, the small restaurants along the Corso Italia are perfect spots for a cold glass of white wine and a bowl of piping hot fish soup from the waters directly off your seaside perch. Normally including deep red...
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Via S. Siro, 28/r, 16124 Genova GE, Italy
Set at the end of the Street of the Palaces, the tiny Bozzi Antica Libreria (founded in 1810 and still going strong!) is a lovely homage to maritime bookstores of the past - warm woods and cigar smoke mingling with that smell of old paper. Step...
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Via Luccoli, 58, 16121 Genova GE, Italy
While Enrico himself did not open his shop until 1998, he works in a building, and continues a tradition, that dates back centuries. You can purchase one of his hand-tailored shirts 'off the rack', or splurge a bit and have him make one exactly to...
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Piazza di Soziglia, 74 r, 16123 Genova GE, Italy
Inspired by the beautiful French chocolate salons, Romanengo Pietro fu Stefano fashioned their old-town shop just as the French - with gorgeous old woods, glass display cases, and gold-gilded platters. Pop into this store, unchanged since its...
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Vico Inferiore del Ferro, 5, 16124 Genova GE, Italy
Genoa history recounts Torrefazione Fratelli Boasi as the only shop that was allowed to sell coffee during the steep rationing that occurred during the Second World War (can you even imagine the lines that must have wound down this tiny alley??) -...
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Via Galata, 31R, 16121 Genova GE, Italy
Since 1890, Pasticceria Tagliafico has been making delicious, traditional Genovese pastries and cakes (including the candied-fruit studded Pandolce). Located across the street from the main Mercato Orientale, this lovely large pastry shop offers...
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16123 Genoa, Metropolitan City of Genoa, Italy
With a massive apertivo buffet, stop by Storico for the cheapest dinner/drinks combo in town (and delicious, to boot!). For 7 euros, get a cocktail or a glass of wine, and fill your plate as many times as you like from the buffet of warm snacks—...
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Via Flavia, 4, 16147 Genova GE, Italy
Located 15 minutes outside of downtown Genoa, Boccadasse/Santa Chiara is a gorgeous spot to sit by the sea and enjoy a sunset apertivo of a glass of Ligurian white wine (many delicious varieties are made in Cinque Terre—make sure you ask your...
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Piazza Lavagna, 19, 16123 Genova GE, Italy
Glo Glo Bistro is a true hidden gem in Genoa - tucked way back into a slightly sketchy piazza off of the historic Vico Lavagna. Although it looks somewhat run-down from the outside, the inside is beautifully renovated, and they have an extensive...
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Via Garibaldi, 16124 Genova GE, Italy
This lovely boutique, placed on the ground floor of one of the historic Palazzo di Strada Nuova, sells traditional artisan Genovese food products alongside gorgeous handmade pottery, textiles, and papers. Enjoy the knitted scarves, grab a jar of...
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Live chat php operator gpl jobs
I am in need of Data Entry Operator who can do dedicated work. Having experience in MS word & MS excel.
Need a data entry operator for entering details in a housing complex software for 52 apartments.
Hi, we want to automatizate our operations, sales, accounts, calendar, bookings, confirmations and some other features in a single platform, preferible web based and compatible with all mobile devices. If you have something already done and this could be customized, that would be great. This software has to have the features mentioned in the next link and work as a back office, similar as to the w...
A web designer/developer is responsible for the design, layout and coding of a website. They are involved with the technical and graphical aspects of a website - how the site works and how it looks. They can also be involved with the maintenance and update of an existing [login to view URL] establishing the target audience for a website and identifying the type of content it will host, a web desig...
I have a 30 year old wiring diagram for a 12 volt gate operator that I would like to have updated using modern electronics also consultation/input about the best choices of components . The old drawing consists of an open contactor, close contactor, safety relay, hold open relay, run timer, timer to close and a terminal strip for connection to limit
QC Operators perform quality control (QC) of streaming video content in four main categories: video, 5.1 surround audio, stereo 2.0 audio including audio description, subtitles and captions. This is a freelance position. QC work is done in; (1) Spot QC; consists in a 7-10 minute check (audio or text files) at a rate of $2.50 per asset checked (average is 5-6 Spot checks in 1 hour). (2) Full QC; ...
The Data Entry Operator is an entry level position which is production oriented. Individuals are responsible for the introduction of data into the system which is then provided to the client for use in their internal adjudication system. Foundation Knowledge, Skills, and/or Abilities Required To perform this job successfully, an individual must be
Data Entry work, Copy paste, Video Editing, YouTube, Photo Editing
Need one with good skills and speed
I need data entry and survey fill up operator
I need you to fill in a spreadsheet with data.
Hello, Im looking for a female assistant to help us. A good female sex operator who can assist as well work in satisfying the boss fantasies virtually [Removed for encouraging offsite communication which is against our Terms and Conditions -Section 13:Communication With Other Users] [Boss is Male] The task will be of weekly 7 to 20 hours depending
I am looking for the user and he/she should be from Uganda only. Good communication skill and should be available anytime for communication. Please place bids from Uganda only. Thanking you
We are looking Delhi based person for Customer Support, Follow-up by Email/phone and Data Entry work from home for deliveries & billing and sales lead conversion on regular basis. Please contact us.
i have a big Database of row number and i would like to filter them by carrier (mobile operator); the numbers come from different country so the software have to detect witch carrier is using the End User and also if is possible witch DEVICE (a reward of 50% more for this task)
Hi there, Looking for a drone operator/drone pilot in Thailand, Bangkok. Not very sure with the rules & regulations for operating a drone in Thailand in general but I do know that drones are ONLY allowed to operate in daylight. Which mean, no night flight. Nonetheless, looking for someone who can operate his/her own drone legally. Buzz me if you do
I need you to create me a Kubernetes Operator using the Operator SDK that will backup my database for me. This has to be in Golang.
We are looking for an experienced operator
I need tchat pperator for a ongoing projects
Project Description 1. I need 1 online freelancer to enter 1500 forms (.png) with 98% accuracy [login to view URL] form has 11 fields which alphanumeric and special characters [login to view URL] person awarded must access my pc by ANYDESK app [login to view URL] for work submission is 28th oct 2018 [login to view URL] for 1 form is rs 2 per form for a single user [login to view URL] for di...
We are expanding to Sweden and looking for Swedish chat operators on a freelance basis, who are able to chat online via the computer and send around 200-500 messages per day. Job description: • Chatting online with other users on different Social & Dating platforms. • Work from home, from the beach, or from wherever you happen to be! • Flexible shifts
I need a mobile site. I would like it designed and built.
Hello! I need help with an engineering study, specifically in the area of design analysis. I have a project that needs an analysis on suspension design and I need you to create a report for me, no need to explain what it is, since I am an Engineer myself. I just need an animation, images, study results, design criteria, and detailed analysis reports. Moreover, the study is quite simple, but time...
Wanted: Part-time computer operator to work twice a week, two hours each day. Should know PowerPoint/Excel and be able to take dictation. [Removed by Freelancer.com Admin]
we are an organization with around 1500 employees. we recently rolled out a scheme to give free recharges to our employee but now the hassle of handling monthly recharges is on us for which currently we are doing a manual process, which is tedious. so I need a website/app that can provide me a schedule automatic prepaid recharge for Indian telecom service provider. I can provide the data in exce...
In need of an autocad operator for interior design
We're going to shoot only 2 buildings (Montrouge and Gentilly) by Drone, on Nov 1st around 10:00AM I need a top ...(Montrouge and Gentilly) by Drone, on Nov 1st around 10:00AM I need a top quality drone shoot to emphasize the beauty of their architecture. Only half day. I also need the drone operator to make the fill out the paperwork of the drone.
Finding someone data entry operator who can find all ISO 9001 certified company UK list and mail thanks
Upload wallets for Coin listings.
Provide sound equipment and sound for a funeral
I want a quick and reliable Data Entry Operator who can copy some data from PDF to Excel my maximum budget for this is Rs.800/-, New Freelancer are welcome I will provide you a five star feedback. Thanks
Looking for a freelance camera-man or camera operator. Using Canon DSLR with an external screen, mic and light. Contents are mostly interviews and others. Per file (After post) should be not more than 30mins. So you have a rough gauge on the filming part. Looking at someone who based here in Thailand, best if you are in Bangkok. Out of Bangkok, it's
need a data typist to fill the spreadsheet with given data
Looking for a freelance camera operator for video filming. Not necessary looking for a veteran. Below are some of the details. 1. Local Thai - No age limit (Reason being, filming will be done in Thailand) 2. At least 1 to 2 years experience for video filming (DSLR) 3. English speaking - at least 30% knowledge and above 4. More than basic knowledge
...interested, then please bid, no NEGOTIATION, please. I am ready to do a milestone, not an issue or weekly pay ment. but can't pay you higher. Also I am seeking for a DATA ENTRY operator... Payment guarantee... Product Listing... (eBay) Order Placing in Amazon Transcribe and Translation types work too... (Right now need for Bengali Language) Payment is
Need to punch 7 columns in an excel sheet from the scanned copies of the DD and Aadhaar Number. Below are the details of the columns to be filled from the scanned copies: a. Aadhaar Number b. Name as per Aadhaar c. DD Number d. DD Date e. DD Amount f. Bank Name on DD g. Branch Name on DD Total of 50000 such entries are required to be done in next 7 days.
I have some work, in an Excel spreadsheet.
I want to create Script for Sort phone numbers according to their operator any language type but just need to make this work
im looking for someone who can operate video chat
Hi We need data entry operator New fresher can apply for this job.
I need a person who can help me to do Internet Marketing work, for my website
I need a Data Entry operator ,
Berkshire Hathaway Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. The company wholly owns GEICO, Dairy Queen, BNSF Railway, Lubrizol, Fruit of the Loom, Helzberg Diamonds, Long & Foster, FlightSafety International, Pampered Chef, and NetJets, and also owns 38.6% of Pilot Flying J;[3] 26.7% of the Kraft Heinz Company, and signific...
Intuit Inc. is an American software company that develops financial and tax preparation software and related services for small businesses, accountants and individuals. It is incorporated in Delaware and headquartered in Mountain View, California. Intuit makes the personal finance programs Quicken and TurboTax, as well as the small business accounting program QuickBooks. In addition, they produce...
Intuit Inc. is an American software company that develops financial and tax preparation software and related services for small businesses, accountants and individuals. It is incorporated in Delaware and headquartered in Mountain View, California. Intuit makes the personal finance programs Quicken and TurboTax, as well as the small business accounting program QuickBooks. In addition, they produce...
I need to write a strategy to deploy additive manufacturing
I need some help with consolidating a database of pharmacies in the UAE, calling the pharmacies, get the name and contact number of the owner and/or the manager, get the information about the adresse, timing, services and any other available information and fill an online form for the collected information
need to do some amendment in his news site
Our growing business is looking for a skilled problem solver to join our team as a Data Entry Representative. We need an enthusiastic individual who can listen to customer issues and then offer a unique and innovative solution to each problem. The successful candidate for this role will have a strong command of the company's Data service policies, and be well-trained in product knowledge th...


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NFL Superbowl Experience Banner Towing
The National Football League will host the NFL Experience at the Phoenix Convention Center from January 24 - February 1, 2015. The NFL Experience Engineered by GMC is one of the most exciting continuous event surrounding Super Bowl XLIX – pro football's interactive theme park offering participatory games, displays, entertainment attractions, youth football clinics and free autograph sessions from NFL players. A list of NFL player appearances will be posted on SuperBowl.com on January 16th.* Got questions about the NFL Experience? You can always email us or visit NFL Experience FAQs.
Myrtle Beach Aerial Advertising
Designed By eKinetic Solutions 2011© Myrtle Beach Aerial Advertising


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Category: BMCC 2K
Prospect (Short Film)
3.88K Views0 Comments3 Likes
from Shep Films Prospect is the coming-of-age story of a teenage girl on a toxic alien planet. She and her father hunt for precious materials, aiming to strike it rich. When the father is attacked by a roving...
2.74K Views0 Comments0 Likes
from Løkken Brothers In the process of getting to know our brand new BMCC, we decided to shoot a few shots and mix it together in a video. Our creative ideas quickly took overhand, and we decided to make story ...
1.51K Views0 Comments0 Likes
from VIDIMA MAX vidima.com.ua/
Spike TV Call of Duty
1.83K Views0 Comments1 Likes
This is a short piece we directed for a Spike TV Call of Duty: Black Ops II launch special. DoP Gregg de Domenico shot with our Blackmagic Cinema Camera using AVID DNxHD175x Log. We used a Tokina 11-16mm Lens and a se...
2.79K Views0 Comments0 Likes
from kassim norris Shot with the Blackmagic Cinema Camera in 2.5K RAW and Zeiss Ze Primes. Graded in Resolve. I started the grade by first applying Captain Hook's LUT that got me to a good and balanced starting ...
The Thrive Center – Wellspring Living
2.81K Views0 Comments0 Likes
The primary camera used on this project was the Black Magic Cinema Camera. We decided use as little gear as possible. We filmed for a week mostly during sunset so we needed to the ability to move fast. There was no...
"NARCOS" Official Teaser Trailer
2.11K Views0 Comments0 Likes
"NARCOS" is the journey of two cops, Jerry and Percey, as they attempt to bring down a notorious drug dealer, save their careers from their own human failings, and maybe learn a thing or two about friendship. JoVoa...
"Talking Spiders" – Ryan Hornby
2.30K Views0 Comments0 Likes
Music video produced for Ryan Hornby "Talking Spiders". Shot on the Blackmagic Cinema Camera in ProRes film log mode at 25fps. Graded in Resolve 9 and edited in FCPX. Used a Canon 50mm f1.2l and Canon 24-105mm f4l ...
"Use Me" – KissKill Lingerie Campaign [NSFW]
2.99K Views0 Comments0 Likes
Features items from the KISSKILL "Licence To Kill" Collection kisskill.com.au Direction - Nathan Bobik & Sher Taulla shotcut.net Starring - Chrissy Walczak & Matt Sofo Styling - Elaine Marshall elainemar...
"Walk On" music video shot entirely on BMCC with many Aerials. All 2.5k RAW
2.95K Views0 Comments0 Likes
from WollwerthFilms Lenses we used were as follows: Aerial shots. Sigma 8-16mm f/4.5-5.6 most shots were at 12mm Shots on hood of car were with Canon EF 24-70mm f/2.8L Shallow DOF shots were with Rokinon 35mm T1...


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Client: "Paul" (name changed), an office worker from Manchester
Claim: Road Traffic Accident Claim for personal injury (whiplash), vehicle repairs, replacement vehicle hire, out-of-pocket expenses, legal costs
Defendant insurers: Direct Line
Outcome: full compensation paid after a judge valued the claim at a Stage 3 hearing, together with expenses and legal costs
What Happened?
Paul was driving his Ford Focus to work when he was involved in a road traffic accident.
He was stationary at the head of a roundabout. A Renault Megane collided with the rear of his car, pushing it forward. Paul was shocked and upset. He exchanged details with the other driver, and managed to get his car to work.
After a sleepless night Paul got up the next day with neck pain. He saw his GP twice for prescriptions for ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory painkiller.
His car needed a new rear bumper assembly and repairs and painting to the rear panel.
Paul asked Donoghue Solicitors for help with his car accident claim.
What We Did
Paul spoke with Kevin Donoghue about bringing a claim. Kevin is well qualified to help. He is:
- a solicitor
- an accredited expert on the Law Society's Personal Injury Panel, and
- a Senior Litigator with the Association of Personal Injury Lawyers.
He advised Paul that, on his version of events, he had a good claim for compensation. Kevin agreed to act and took full details.
Mr Donoghue followed the Pre-Action Protocol for Low Value Personal Injury Claims in Road Traffic Accidents. This is because Paul's road traffic accident was after 30 April 2010. The Protocol has 3 stages:
Stage 1
This is where the Claimant's solicitor files a Claim Notification Form and the other driver's insurer responds.
Stage 2
This stage involves obtaining evidence to support the compensation claim, negotiations, and settlement if possible.
Stage 3
This is laid out in the Civil Procedure Rules Practice Direction 8B. It involves issuing proceedings, filing evidence at court, and getting a judge to value the claim.
Stage 1 and Stage 2 Work
In Stage 1 Kevin sent a Claim Notification Form to the other driver's insurers via the online portal for road traffic accidents. This provided initial details of Paul's claim and put the other driver's insurers on notice.
Kevin arranged for an expert engineer to inspect Paul's vehicle to help prove the claim for vehicle damage. The engineer confirmed that the accident damaged the back of Paul's car. It needed a new rear bumper, repairs to the rear panel and boot floor, and other work. Kevin arranged the vehicle repairs and a replacement hire car while Paul's car was off the road.
The insurers initially responded to the Claim Notification Form by saying that there was no damage to either vehicle. But after reviewing the independent engineer's report they accepted they were wrong. Kevin got the other driver's insurers to pay for the repairs and hire car so Paul was not out-of-pocket.
Mr Donoghue also arranged for a local medical expert to consider Paul's potential claim for personal injuries. The doctor prepared a written report. It confirmed that Paul suffered "whiplash" injuries to his neck, shoulders, and back. The doctor anticipated a full recovery within 4-6 months of the accident.
Settlement Negotiations
Paul approved the medical report and agreed with the doctor's prognosis. He gave Kevin details of his out-of-pocket expenses. Kevin then filed the Stage 2 "settlement pack" which included all the necessary evidence to support Paul's claim. He began settlement negotiations with the other driver's insurers.
Unfortunately, the insurers made a low offer of £1200, which they later increased to only £1300.
Kevin discussed the offer with Paul. He advised that the whiplash claim alone was worth at least £1500. Kevin recommended that Paul reject the £1300 offer. He agreed.
The insurers refused to increase their offer. Paul authorised court proceedings so that a judge could decide on the proper value for his claim.
Stage 3 Court Proceedings
Kevin Donoghue prepared the court pleadings and issued proceedings in Liverpool County Court. He explained in the papers that he was using the modified "Part 8" Stage 3 procedure. This is a way of fast-tracking the court process in road traffic accidents. He told the court that he wanted an oral Stage 3 hearing instead of one where the judge would review the case on the papers alone. Kevin wanted to make representations before the court. This would give his client the best chance of getting the compensation he deserved.
Meanwhile, as they are required to do under the Protocol, the insurers sent a cheque for their maximum offer by way of interim payment.
To avoid the matter going to court Mr. Donoghue again invited the insurers to increase their offer. They refused, so Kevin scheduled a hearing before a District Judge to argue Paul's case.
Paul was not required to attend.
County Court Hearing
Kevin Donoghue represented Paul at the Stage 3 hearing. The other driver's insurers sent a barrister who said that their offer was reasonable. Kevin argued that it was "below the radar" and sought full compensation for his client.
The District Judge agreed.
He awarded Paul £1500 for his injuries and an extra amount for his out-of-pocket expenses. The judge ordered the insurers to pay Paul the extra £200 and his Stage 3 oral hearing costs in full.
Paul was glad that:
- he took Kevin's advice to reject the insurer's best offer and take his case to court.
- a District Judge fully considered his claim and properly valued it. Paul now knew precisely what his accident claim was worth.
- he did not have to go to court or give evidence, relying on his solicitor to speak on his behalf instead at the Stage 3 oral hearing.
For help with your road traffic accident claim contact Donoghue Solicitors on 08000 124 246 or complete the contact form.
Rating: ***** Fast & efficient service Donoghue Solicitors are professional, friendly & very effective. They made me feel at ease from the moment I approached them with my claim and dealt with my case as quickly as possible, keeping me informed every step of the way. I couldn't have asked for a better service, and I …
Rating: ***** Action against Police I retained Kevin Donoghue to deal with an assault on me by a member of a police force. Thru [sic] his handling of the matter a financial settlement was reached. I found Mr Donoghue very easy to talk to and passionate about rights of the individual. I have recently retained him …
Rating: ***** Brilliant! Really helpful and friendly people, kept me informed of what was going on every step of the way, really fast service, would definitely recommend and use this firm again! Read more reviews here.
Rating: ***** There are so many law firms out there today that promise to deliver a quality and professional service and while I can't say there are some bad ones, as I am sure there are, I can definately recommend Donoghue Solicitors as an initial point of contact when considering taking action against the Police. …


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NEW YORK (CBS.MW) -- The Dow Jones Industrial Average has reversed early losses and pushed into positive territory. The blue chip index DJIA, +0.49% was up nearly 6 points, or 0.1 percent, to 10,607.25, carried higher by 2.5 percent gains in Hewlett-Packard and Walt Disney. At its low, the index was at 10,539.33. The Nasdaq Composite $compq rose 13.25 points, or 0.7 percent, to 2,036.38.
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