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Double Trouble: The Autobiography of the Jones Twins, Cameramen, Correspondents
Jones, Charles and Eugene, with Dale Kramer
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Title: Double Trouble: The Autobiography of the ...
Publisher: Little, Brown & Co., Boston
Publication Date: 1952
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Safe Serialization Under Mutual Suspicion/Abstract and Introduction
From Erights
Safe Serialization Under Mutual Suspicion
by Mark S. Miller
Serialization and object-capabilities [ref Ode, Paradigm] are two extensions of the object paradigm that seem to pull in opposing directions. Serialization sees an object graph as apparently open data, to convert to bits and back again. The object-capability paradigm sees an object graph as a set of dynamically evolving relationships between mutually suspicious encapsulated autonomous objects, voluntarily cooperating with one another each to pursue their own interests, within limits set by their vulnerability to and trust in each other [ref Hewitt].
Serialization is often used to extend the reach of the object model across barriers of space, time, and version; stitching local ephemeral object systems together into a virtual graph of distributed persistent upgradable objects. With serialization we create the illusion of object continuity by adapting to these changes of context. There are many kinds of change and no single adequate adaptation strategy, so we seek general mechanisms supporting a diversity of coexisting adaptation policies.
Likewise, serialization is often used to extend the object-capability model across such barriers. By enhancing the illusion to include capability security properties, we create a virtual persistent graph of mutually suspicious objects spread over mutually suspicious machines. Mechanism / policy separation is also needed here, though if too much authority is needed to express a policy choice, few objects will be able to, and little actual policy diversity will occur.
While there is a long history of distributed capability protocols that meet all these goals [ref Donnelley76, Sansom86/88, Actors?, Amoeba?], prior persistent capability systems have always granted their persistence service godlike authority over the subsystem it is persisting, leading to single mandated one-size-fits-all solutions [ref KeyKOS, EROS, PJama, Grasshopper, Mach, Waterken?, Mozart?]. By contrast, this paper explains a simple serialization framework able to stretch the full object-capability illusion across all these barriers, able to express a wide range of policies, and requiring only reasonable authority. A diversity of policies may coexist within one system, each able to deal sensibly with mutual suspicion issues
- among objects being serialized,
- between these objects and a serializer,
- between a serializer and an unserializer,
- between an unserializer and its context,
- between an unserializer and the objects it reconstructs, and
- among the reconstructed objects.
For concreteness, we sketch how these ideas are applied in E, a pure object-capability-based secure programming language, thereby turning it into a securely distributed, persistent, and upgradable language as well.
Serialization vs. Security?
In the pure object model of computation, an object is an encapsulated combination of state and behavior, where the state consists of references to other objects. The computational system is the dynamic graph of objects held together by these references, and rewired by messages sent along these references.
A note on terminology: Since 1966 [ref Dennis and Van Horn] the object-capability model has been known simply as the capability model. Unfortunately, some other very different models are also called "capabilities", so we introduce the term object-capability [ref Wagner, Paradigm] to escape from this legacy of confusion.
The object-capability model of secure computation recognizes the security inherent in the object model. To get from objects to object-capabilities, we need merely prohibit certain primitive abilities which are not part of the pure object model anyway (like forged pointers, direct access to another's private state, mutable static variables) but which the object model by itself doesn't require us to prohibit [ref Ode]. For example, C++, with its ability to cast ints into pointers, is still an object language, but is not an object-capability language.
Whereas the functionality of an object program depends only on the abilities provided by its underlying system, the security of an object-capability program depends on underlying inabilities as well. In a graph of mutually suspicious objects, one object's correctness depends not only on what the rules of the game say it can do, but also on what the rules say its potential adversaries cannot do. By imposing the object-capability prohibitions, we give the object model new power and meaning. Object-capability computation is no longer just the manipulation of information, but also of secure authority and identity. The object graph becomes a fabric for arranging patterns of safe cooperation among mutually suspicious objects.
Within the pure object model, because of encapsulation, objects cannot perceive or operate on the graph they are embedded in — they have access only to the behavior (in response to messages) of their immediate graph-neighbors — but not to their neighbors' state. This limited access is adequate for many purposes, but, it would seem, not all. Serialization, explained below, is an example of a tool for use by objects within an object system for operating on the graph they are embedded in. This seems to require violating the encapsulation provided by the pure object model. Given the conventional rationale for encapsulation — that it aids only modularity — one could argue that it is simply prudent engineering to add new primitives for violating encapsulation when needed, as a tradeoff for other benefits. Many object systems provide serialization in precisely this way [ref JOSS, Mozart?].
Threats and Opportunities
To encourage anthropomorphism, this paper often gives objects human names such as "Alice". Unless we explicitly state we're referring to humans, these always refer to objects.
But adding such primitives destroys the security properties inherent in the pure object model. These are exactly the kinds of additions the object-capability model must prohibit. For example, they might allow Mallet, a client of encapsulated Alice, to serialize Alice and then reverse engineer the values of her private instance variables from her serialized form.
This paper shows how to provide the rough equivalent of conventional serialization for use in object-capability systems. This shift of context gives us both new problems to solve and new opportunities to exploit:
- Play by the rules. We show how to serialize and unserialize purely within object-capability rules, without introducing new primitives or requiring undue authority, thereby guaranteeing that we preserve base level (pre-illusion) object-capability security.
- Adapting authority and identity. Our serialization framework enables us to manipulate secure authority and identity in addition to information, enabling adaptation to changes involving these issues as well.
- Ensure accuracy of claimed authority. By object-capability rules, our serializer can only ask Mallet to voluntarily divulge that information he alleges about himself -- his portrayal. If Mallet could convincingly portray himself as having authority he doesn't, the corresponding unserializer could be fooled into granting his reconstruction corresponding authority in its new context. Such a serialization system fails to enforce object-capability rules within the illusion it's attempting to create. We explain how to render this attack inexpressible.
- Selective transparency. Our serializer can only interact with Alice by sending messages to her public interface, just like any of Alice's other clients. Our serializer can only serialize Alice if she offers her portrayal in response -- if she doesn't, she's not serializable by this serializer. But if she does, what prevents Alice's client Mallet from asking these same question and obtaining this same portrayal, rendering Alice effectively unencapsulated? We show how a serializer and a set of objects may exploit a prior relationship of some additional trust, so that these object may divulge to this serializer portrayals of itself it wouldn't divulge to other clients or serializers.
- Invoke no object before its time. As with many objects, during Alice's construction / initialization, she may be in a fragile and easily confused state. Under normal conditions this is easily addressed -- don't give Mallet a reference to Alice until she is fully initialized. As programmers, we carefully design the order of object construction to get such issues right. However, during unserialization, object reconstruction does not have this luxury -- the order is often determined by the happenstance of the original graph's traversal. In the absence of cycles we could always reconstruct in bottom up order, but cycles are not absent. If Mallet's reconstruction (Mallet2) is given access to a not-yet-fully-initialized reconstruction of Alice (Alice2), Mallet2 may exploit Alice2's confusability. The defensive programming needed for Alice2 to be unconfusable is surprisingly hard -- we may not raise the price for security this high. Instead, we explain how to prevent this attack in those systems supporting delayed references (e.g., promises, logic variables, futures). For other systems, we know of no good solution other than to simulate delayed references. Unfortunately, our technique will occasionally cause valid cyclic serializations to fail to unserialize. Fortunately, the defensive programming needed to overcome this problem, though unpleasant, is straightforward. (** Need to explain that most of this problem is universal, though typically unadmitted.)
Serialization vs. Parallelism
Serialization raises concurrency problems — what if the graph changes while the serializer is traversing it. Although not the topic of this paper, within E we have easy answers: E is a system of communicating event loops. Each event loop is identified with a vat — essentially an address space full of objects together with a single thread of control for servicing the event loop. Objects only have synchronous access to other objects within their own vat. Inter-vat interactions only queue message deliveries to be serviced eventually in their own event. Therefore, during each event, each object runs with exclusive access to everything it has synchronous access to. We assume that each act of serializing and unserializing occurs during a single event, and therefore only traverses objects within the same vat. In the absence of malice, this provides adequate atomicity. (For systems like Java, built on shared memory multithreading with fine-grained locking, it's hard to imagine any correct general way to address this issue.) However, objects visited early in a traversal can react by causing side effects to shared parts of the graph that are revisited later in the same traversal. Given a normal degree of defensive programming, it's hard to imagine what vulnerability an attacker may find in this issue, but we would be remiss not to raise the possibility. Applications should also arrange to initiate serialization and unserialization at the beginning of an event, as is easily done. Between events there's no stack, so the heap must be consistent by itself. During an event, only the call stack + the heap can be assumed to be fully consistent, but our serialization tools are only able to examine state in the heap.
What We Have Not Done
The present work does not address the following issues:
- The serializer is able to steal authorities. Using the architecture we present, the serializer obtains direct access to each object it traverses, which it can use, if it wishes, for other purposes. By the goals set out in this paper this represents inexcusably excess authority, as the serializer's proper duties include only the gathering of information from these objects [ref Karp, KeyKOS Sensory]. This is a pressing area for future work. Reducing the authority made available to the serializer reduces the risks it imposes on others, enabling them to more often chose to participate in a serialization in which they place limited trust.
- Performance. The speed achieved by high performance serialization systems [ref Parcels] may be incompatible with the architecture presented here. However, most serialization systems, such as JOSS, are unable to achieve such high performance either. While we know of no flaw in the present design that would preclude the performance achieved by these more common serialization systems, no such engineering has been done, and the question is mostly unexamined.
- Dirty bits & in-place stubifying. In order to use serialization to build an object-oriented virtual memory system [ref Loom] or object database, for each subgraph that would be separately saved and faulted back in we would need dirty bits to know if it changed. To unload a subgraph (purge it from memory), we would need to turn incoming references (references into the subgraph from outside it) into references to faulting stubs. While we believe that such techniques and those presented in this paper are compatible and complementary, this question is also mostly unexamined.
- Denial of service. Just as E makes no attempts or claims to resist denial of service attacks within a vat, so our serialization tools likewise do nothing to resist a denial of service attack from within a subgraph. If Mallet or his reconstruction simply throws an exception when traversed, this will abort the traversal preventing that act of serialization or unserialization. The E approach is to prevent breach attacks (inappropriate acquisition or exercise of authority) at the fine granularity of individual objects, as we do here, but to defend against resource exhaustion and denial of service attacks only at the coarser granularity of vats. Is there a corresponding coarser grain for serialization, at which such questions should be addressed? We don't know.
- Typed serialization. E itself is a dynamically typed language, in the tradition of Smalltalk, Actors, Lisp, or Python. The serialized form used in this paper, Data-E, is a subset of E and is equally untyped. Serialization systems for statically typed object languages like Java generally leverage the existence of static type declarations. One serialization system for Java (the XMLEncoder [ref]) outputs the equivalent of typed Java programs as its serialization format, providing an existence proof of a sort. Do the techniques presented here combine smoothly with static types? One known problem is the unserialization of cycles -- our technique of using delayed references will more often cause unserialization to fail, simply because a delayed references momentarily violates a declared type. A possible solution may be a type system designed to accommodate delayed references. (Note that XML Schema are inapplicable to typed serialization, since declared types constrain all references in the graph, whereas XML schema only constrains a tree.)
- Upgrade by refactoring. *** explain.
- Cryptographic Tunneling. *** explain.
What is Serialization?
The Literal Realism diagram on the left represents the common elements of serialization and unserialization. A serializer (shown as the serialize function) takes as input a graph of live original objects, where this graph is a subgraph, delimited somehow, of an overall object graph. A serializer builds a depiction (shown in the picture frame) of this subgraph in a format it expects a compatible unserializer to understand. The depiction contains no objects; only bits depicting objects.
(Never mind that objects themselves are implemented using only bits. This view from the implementation isn't available to the objects so implemented -- and must not be -- so we may ignore it for present purposes. By contrast, the depiction consists only of bits, not just in fact, but also as perceived by the objects wielding our serialization tools.)
An unserializer takes this depiction as input, and uses it to build a new graph of live objects that can, in some sense, be said to be a reconstruction of the original. The reconstructed objects may or may not resemble the original in a number of different ways, explained below. The reconstructed graph is connected, somehow, into the overall graph at this new context, becoming a subgraph of it. When performed in service of, for example, distributing, persisting, or upgrading objects, the serializer, unserializer, original, and reconstructed objects generally cooperate to create the illusion that the reconstructed objects are a continuation -- across space, time, versions, etc. -- of the original objects.
Literal Realism
Within the overall notion of serialization, there are many variations. The following explanation of serialization in Mozart [Duchier98] expresses well the extreme we call literal realism.
|Let x be the original data structure and y be a clone of x. Then the graphs reachable from x and y must be graph isomorphic with respect to their roots x and y. Moreover, the (mutable?) cells reachable from x must all be different from the [mutable?] cells reachable from y.
(We are not claiming that actual support for customizing serialization in Mozart is limited in this manner, just that these are the limits implied by the cited spec.)
In this system, in terms of the diagram on the left, the subgraph to be depicted would be all objects reachable from the root object, A1. Non-root incoming references on the left, such as the incoming references to B1 and C1, would not be depicted. Serialization would not cut off any outgoing references on the right. There would be exactly one entry -- the root -- and no exits. A graph containing an unserializable object, such as an open TCP socket, simply cannot be serialized. Unserializing connects the reconstructed subgraph to its new context only at the root. Besides the root, the reconstructed subgraph is completely isolated. Holding no references to anything outside itself, it has no authority to affect anything outside itself. Literal realism of objects must also record and reload code, as a reconstruction must act just like the original.
Literal realism makes for a very clean spec. Unfortunately, it lacks the adaptability we need to create illusions of continuity across many kinds of changes. It also conflicts with the normal constraints of object-capability programming, in which an object's behavior in response to messages is the most that may be ascertained about it.
Society of Impressionists
In the object paradigm, objects have no direct access to one another's state. For example, when Alice asks Richard the Rectangle for his height (r.getHeight()), she cannot tell, and should not care, whether the answer is part of Richard's state or is computed. All she knows is that she's received the answer Richard wishes to divulge.
To build a serialization system for unprivileged use, it is best to build the serialization system without use of special privileges, thereby forcing it to play by the same rules imposed on all other objects. Within these constraints Literal Realism isn't possible. Literal Realism would require the depiction to reflect the actual state, whereas object constraints limit us to depicting a composition of what each object portrays its state to be. (*** note exception: Auditors) The subgraph the serializer is able to perceive is not the real subgraph of objects in memory, but rather a kind of story spun by the objects being traversed, each for its own purposes.
In this view, represented well by Java's Object Serialization Streams (JOSS) [ref JOSS], a serialization system is a framework for customizing, and for composing customizations of, the processes of depiction and reconstruction. We expect both serialization and unserialization to proceed with the intention that the reconstructed graph be somehow meaningfully similar to the original, but with differences as needed in order to satisfy other goals.
The unserializer builds whatever new objects it likes (subject to the limits of what objects it can build), but it normally chooses to build along the lines of its interpretation of the intentions of the serializer, as recorded in the depiction. The serializer paints whatever depiction it wishes (subject to the limits of what knowledge it can gain), but it normally chooses to depict along the lines of each original object's expressed intentions of how and whether it would like to be portrayed. Each object portrays that its alleged instance variables -- the set of references it would have the serializer represent as its state and further traverse from there -- is any set of references it likes (subject to the limits of what references it can produce).
(*** Find quote from "I Pencil")
Modern civilization has given man undreamt of powers largely because,
without understanding it, he has developed methods of utilizing
more knowledge and resources than any one mind is aware of.
--Friedrich Hayek [Hayek78]
When all these expressions of intent reflect the code written by one programmer all at once, then they are all aspects of one underlying intent and the architecture for composing intentions may not matter so much. When they are written by different programmers at different times in different companies, all with little knowledge of each other's specifics, then an architecture should be well adapted to the expected locality of knowledge -- demanding from each component the expression of intent which that component is in a better position to contribute. It should compose these together into a result which successfully utilizes more knowledge than any one component plausibly has. JOSS does quite well at this. The Data-E architecture presented below does similarly well for similar reasons -- partially as a result of thinking about and learning from JOSS.
As with many object frameworks translated into an object-capability world, a serialization framework is a system for composing knowledge by the rule-based mixing of intentions expressed by mutually suspicious interests. When these all seek only literal accuracy (the default behavior), and when all the objects to be depicted are transparent (defined below), then the result must be according to Literal Realism. Given this, we can explain the effects of each kind of customization in terms of how it causes the result to deviate from Literal Realism, and of how multiple customizations interact.
A Model of Serialization
In the next chapter of the paper, Deconstructing Serialization Part 1: Introducing Data-E and Part 2: "Reversing" Evaluation, sets the stage for the remainder of the paper by explaining one concrete serialization system, the Data-E System, designed for expository use in this paper. The depiction format used by the Data-E System, Data-E, is a small subset of the E language. Unserialization in the Data-E System is equivalent to the corresponding subset of E expression evaluation [ref Rees]. This choice enables us to immediately understand the meaning of a depiction by applying our understanding of expressions. This technique can easily be applied to many languages [ref XMLEncoder].
This initial presentation of Data-E will show it living within the constraints of capability discipline, but without yet showing how to live well within those constraints. The resulting loss of power compared to conventional serialization will be repaired in the chapters which follow.
Data-E will be presented in terms of its implementation in E for use in E, although Data-E is in no sense specific to E.
Although the ideas in this chapter are mostly specific to Data-E, the ideas in the remainder of the paper are not. They have also been applied to JOSS, and we expect to apply them to Waterken Object Serialization (WOS) [ref WOS] as well. They should be applicable in any object-capability language [ref W7, Mozart, M] and starting from any sufficiently customizable serialization mechanism [ref JOSS, XMLEncoder?, WOS, BOSS?], given that it has the crucial property that portrayals are only in terms of other objects, as explained later.
The Three Faces of Serialization
To serialize a subgraph of an overall graph, we need to delimit the bounds of the subgraph. Both serialization and unserialization raise issues that can naturally be classified according to the three columnar aspects of the diagram, which we explain in right-to-left order: the exits, the interior, and the entries.
The Exit Points
The right edge represents outgoing references -- references from objects within the subgraph to objects outside it (references leaving A1, B1, and C1). Of these, the ones depicted -- shown crossing the frame as convex jigsaw puzzle plugs -- are exits(references leaving B and C), which the unserializer is expected to reconnect to something appropriate. (Following JOSS, we call outgoing references that aren't depicted, such as the one leaving A1, transient.)
In an object-capability system, an object's only source of authority to affect the world outside of itself is according to the references it holds. By composition, the only authority held by the original subgraph as a whole to affect the world outside that subgraph is according to these outgoing references. To reconnect the exits to corresponding sources of authority is to determine what objects within the reconstructed subgraph can initially do. To the extent that the new authorities resemble the original, we can say the objects holding these reconnected exit references are heir to these authorities from their original.
A reconstructed subgraph may find itself in a world quite different than the original's. Individual original objects held access to various resources of their hosting platform, and may expect to be reconnected to corresponding resources on their new host.
For example, let's say the original Joe held write access to /etc/motd. What criteria should come to play to determine what corresponding resource on the new platform to give to the reconstructed Joe? The chapter Manipulating_Authority_at_the Exits presents the Gordian Surgeon as the mechanism, and the legal concept of Comity Among Nations [ref??] as the metaphor for guiding policy choices, for the security issues of reconnecting exits.
The Interior Subgraph
The interior of the picture represents the subgraph itself (A,B,C and the references among them). To reconstruct the subgraph is to replicate information from the original, determining what the reconstructed objects initially know. To the extent that information represented by a reconstructed object resembles information represented by the original, we may say the reconstructed object is a replica of the original.
The chapter Selective_Transparency_within_the_Subgraph enhances our idealized model of serialization to regain much of the lost conventional power while remaining within capability discipline. Within capability discipline, the serializer is only able to obtain knowledge of the original subgraph to the extent that the objects within that graph are willing to divulge that knowledge. This chapter shows a rights-amplification pattern by which a serializer may prearrange a relationship with set of objects, enabling these objects to divulge more to that serializer than they are willing to divulge to their normal clients or to other serializers.
The Entry Points: Transcending Space and Time
The left edge of the picture represents the incoming references -- references into the subgraph from objects outside the subgraph. Of these, the ones depicted -- shown crossing the frame as concave jigsaw puzzle sockets -- are entries, those incoming connections the unserializer is expected to reconnect to something appropriate.
In any object system, the meaning of identity is in the behavior of references. To be a particular identity is to be designated by a particular reference, and thereby to be able to receive those messages (invocations) sent on that reference. In the object model, the philosophy of identity is simple: If I alone receive all communications directed to Joe, then I am Joe. In the object-capability model, the exclusive right to receive messages sent to Joe is the right to be Joe. When a reconstructed object acquires and employs this right from an original, we say it is a reincarnation of the original.
In a conventional single-process non-distributed, non-persistent object system (a space-time-local system), reincarnation is not really needed. Indeed, in a sense to be explained, it is not even possible. But we often stretch such systems across space and time by building distributed persistent object systems on top of such conventional systems. For example, the JVM itself only provides a space-time-local system, but RMI is built mostly in Java to stretch Java references across space. A number of persistence mechanisms (EJB, JDO) have been built mostly in Java to stretch Java objects and references across time. E is layered in this way, but in E, the distributed persistent object system must still be a secure object-capability system. When building this layer of infrastructure, reincarnation is both possible and necessary.
The chapter Manipulating_Identity_at_the_Entries first explains the cryptographic implementation of distributed identity in E's remote messaging protocol, CapTP. We then show a simple use of cryptographic hashing that securely allows a new object to become the object designated by all outstanding references to the original. With a further elaboration on the hashing theme, we then enable unprivileged fault handlers to delay the act of unserializing and reincarnating from saved depictions until needed to handle incoming requests.
Transcending Change: Upgrade
The art of upgrade is to preserve state amid change
and to enable change amid state.
--with apologies to Alfred North Whitehead [acks-n-refs.html#_ftn1 1]
An object is a bundle of state and behavior. Conventionally, an object's state may be mutable, but not its code. Like a dog that can't learn new tricks, an object conventionally has the same behavior for the duration of its lifetime. Once persistence extends this lifetime well beyond the product release cycles of the programs run by these objects, this inability can become an intolerable problem. To repair this, we must at least deal with the schema evolution problem -- to convert the concrete representation of the objects to a correct representation compatible with the new code that most closely preserves their original meaning and preserves their assumptions about each other. But schema evolution can be hard. To succeed at complex upgrades of complex systems at reasonable cost, a system should be designed to avoid schema evolution where possible, so that the programmers can afford to invest the attention needed to get it right in the remaining places where it's necessary [ref Arturo].
The chapter Persistence_and_Upgrade explains how these mechanism have been employed to create user-level persistence in E, and how these mechanisms support persistence-with-upgrade by schema-evolution-avoidance in addition to schema evolution.
Other Approaches
The chapter Related Work surveys other work on serialization and security: Mozart. JOSS. WOS. XMLEncoder. ***What else? The origins of the Gordian Surgeon at Kalieda and NeXT. Abstraction in ToonTalk. Rights amplification for accessing representation: The KeyKOS / EROS Brand. PJama and XOF. Cardelli, Vijay. Rees' uneval. State Bundles


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Victorian Fashions Coloring Book
by Dover
A feast of opulent styles for colorists and fashion devotees, this entertaining and informative coloring book features a grand array of the sumptuous clothing styles of the Victorian era. Each page offers a captivating glimpse of the gloriously embellished gowns of this bygone age, all carefully researched and accurately rendered by artist Tom Tierney. This collection of 45 illustrations, adapted from the pages of such vintage fashion publications as Modes des Paris and Godey's Lady's Book reveals in lovingly detailed vignettes a wealth of fashions from the years 1837 to 1877. Fashion lovers, Victorian buffs, and colorists will treasure this extensive collection of authentic 19th-century styles. Paperback, 45 black-and-white illustrations, captions, 48 pages.
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Phone – 888.424.3336
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701 Tecumseh Road
Clinton, Michigan 49236
U.S.A. family farm organic green lentils cooked in a delicious, perfectly seasoned sauce of 100% organic tomato, onion, garlic, and bay leaf. Eden selected, soaked overnight, and thoroughly cooked at Eden's certified organic and kosher cannery with purified water and zero chemical additives. Versatile and ready to eat. A great soup starter, on their own, with whole grain, or for making dozens of easy meals. A good source of fiber, protein, iron, and zinc. Packed in bisphenol-A free can linings since April 1999. pareve
Eden Organic Lentils with Sweet Onion & Bay Leaf are a thick, rich stew of green lentils, expertly prepared at our certified organic, pareve cannery. Lentils are soaked overnight and cooked with carefully selected ingredients including our own organic shoyu soy sauce and organic tomato puree and the perfect balance of organic onion, organic garlic, and bay leaf.
Eden Organic Beans are packed in steel cans coated with a baked on oleoresinous c-enamel that does not contain the endocrine disrupter chemical, bisphenol-A (BPA). Oleoresin is a natural mixture of an oil and a resin extracted from various plants, such as pine or balsam fir. These cans cost 14% more than the industry standard cans that do contain BPA. The can maker, Ball Corporation, tells us that Eden is the only U.S. food maker to date to use these BPA free cans and we have been since April 1999.
Our lentils are selected at the farm from our dedicated network of organic family growers. The growers' constant care and vital organic soil produce the world's most appealing and nutritious food.
For the third time in 2004 Eden Organic Beans received the highest rating for flavor and nourishment in exhaustive comparison studies of canned beans by the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) in their Nutrition Action Healthletter. Eden Organic Refried Beans were named 'Best Buy' and number one for nutrition among 38 brands with salt added. In 2004 Eden beans were rated as favorites by Men's Health and Child Magazine. In the June 2006 article "125 Best Foods for Men," Men's Health again rated Eden Beans as the best beans for having great flavor, being heart healthy, promoting weight loss and offering "The highest fiber with the least amount of sodium" among all other brands.
Lentils Lens culinaris are small and 'lens' or disc shaped legumes native to the Middle East and are known as 'dal' in India. Lentils have been an important staple food for at least 8,000 years and are mentioned in the Book of Genesis where Esau sells his birthright to Jacob for a thick bowl of lentil soup. Lentils come in many colors. These are the finest quality, bright green when dry.
According to the FDA, "Low fat diets rich in fiber containing grain products, fruits, and vegetables may reduce the risk of some types of cancer, a disease associated with many factors." Eden Organic Lentils are fat free and a good source of dietary fiber. They are also a good source of protein, iron, phosphorus, and zinc.
Most seasoned beans contain refined sugar, harsh salt, chemical processing aids and preservatives. Commercial canners put chemicals in with beans to harden the skins so that they won't fall apart in the can as they cook. They also add a chemical to hold the color. Eden organic beans come out perfect with none of these additives. Because of the vital soil that produces them, their much higher mineral content and stronger skins allow them to be cooked without need of processing chemicals, and their vibrant colors hold fast. Our cannery, Meridian Foods located in East central Indiana, has a long standing reputation for putting out cooked canned beans of a better quality, fill, and finish than any other cannery in the United States.
Studies show beans contain a wealth of antioxidants similar to those in fruits and berries. "Beans are really loaded with antioxidant compounds," said Clifford Beninger, Ph.D., an environmental biologist and former researcher for the USDA's Bean Research Unit. "We didn't know how potent they were until now. In general darker colored seed coats were associated with higher levels of flavonoids, and therefore higher antioxidant activity." Researchers tested the antioxidant activity of flavonoids found in 12 common varieties of dry beans. They found one class of compounds in particular, anthocyanins, were the most active antioxidants in beans. These findings add antioxidant activity to a growing list of healthy compounds found in beans and legumes. The study was published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Enjoy Eden Organic Lentils with Sweet Onion & Bay Leaf as a side dish, in soups and spreads. There are seven soups recipes, three delicious spread recipes, and more in our recipe section.
|Lentils w/Onion & Bay Leaf, Organic
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|Organic Lentils, Water, Organic Tomato Puree, Organic Shoyu (Water, Whole Organic Soybeans, Whole Organic Wheat, Sea Salt), Organic Onion, Organic Garlic, Organic Bay Leaf
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|15 oz
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text: This concentrated powder lubricant works great for your obstetrical needs. Simply stir some OB lube into warm water to make a liquid. It washes off with cold or warm water or you can use sea salt on your hands to remove it. 9.7 oz. plastic bottle makes 6-8 gallons of lubricant, but you can use it to make any amount you need.


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Critter cams provide peek into the lives of city bears
ANCHORAGE, Alaska — Biologists at the Alaska Department of Fish and Game are getting a peek into what city bears do all day.
Six bears were equipped with rugged video cameras attached to collars around their necks, which are allowing biologists to get a good idea of how the four black and two brown bears spent their time last summer.
The biologists collected 60 hours of video, according to the Anchorage Daily News. It shows the bears sleeping, eating gull eggs, walking greenbelts, and licking grease cans and gum stuck on the ground.
Bears are seen salivating over garbage pizza and discarded birdseed, scooping up bivalves from Cook Inlet mudflats and scarfing horsetail and dandelions.
"You're riding around under their chin, seeing what they do," said Fish and Game research biologist Sean Farley, who designed the project. "Now we can say, a bear was here and this is what it was doing."
Not all the collars attached last summer survived. Farley said the brown bears destroyed their collars.
"Critter cams," as Farley calls the small, durable cameras attached to wildlife, are not new. But video cameras tough enough to withstand riding around on a bear only recently hit the market.
The cameras cost $5,000 each. Biologists programmed them to record 10 seconds of video every 20 minutes, 24 hours a day, for about a month. The collars are engineered to drop off at a designated time. Radio signals are used to locate them.
The cameras also captured some unsettling moments. In one clip, a bear turns the corner of a house and sees a person in the yard. The bear quietly slips away without the person ever knowing it was there.
"The more we know about bears here in urban areas the better we are at managing them," said Fish and Game wildlife biologist Jessy Coltrane.


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indoor parking
All original information and photos on this blog (excluding occasional outside sources) are copyrighted to Vanishing Montreal - JS Davidson. If you want to share any of the info/photos from VM you can by simply linking the original posts to your site but you can't reproduce or copy the original material from this blog to another blog without permission. All rights reserved 2009-2019


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Lifetime Warranty
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OEM and 3rd Party Cisco SFP-10G-T-OEM Yes, transceivers are small, but they're an important component in your network. What's more? Since so many of them are ordered in bulk, the savings available through MULTI-LINK can add-up quickly, and the SFP-10G-T-OEM is no exception. That said, savings don't add-up to anything without guaranteed compatibility! Customers are rightly concerned with the seemingly endless supply of counterfeit transceivers coming from overseas, some of which can damage your equipment or "freeze" individual components within your network. MULTI-LINK (MLCP) has never and will never pursue the "quick buck" by working with an unknown transceiver supplier, and that principle has helped pave the way for transitioning so many of our customers from OEM or Manufacturer-labeled to 3rd Party SFP-10G-T-OEM transceivers. The original equipment manufacturer might try to tell you otherwise, but we can guarantee compatibility with 3rd Party transceivers (i.e. properly coded EEPROMs). In fact, we can either guarantee that an individual 3rd Party SFP-10G-T-OEM option will work in the OEM equipment in question, or we simply won't sell it, period! Want more assurance? We'll send samples for your test & evaluation with no obligation whatsoever. To be sure, if you prefer a manufacturer-labeled new or refurbished SFP-10G-T-OEM, we are happy to assist, and we can typically do so at a considerable savings. However, we have an ever-expanding international base of happy 3rd Party GBIC and SFP customers, all saving significantly over even the largest factory discounts. We'd welcome the opportunity to discuss and explore this option with your company. Perhaps your SFP-10G-T-OEM interest provides an opening for such a discussion. MULTI-LINK offers a Lifetime warranty on most transceivers we provide, regardless of new or used, and regardless of manufacturer-labeled or 3rd Party. That's how confident we are in all the transceivers we provide! If you would like a quotation for a new or used SFP-10G-T-OEM, please feel free to select "Request a Quote" here now. Or, if you would like to speak with us directly, please call 1-800 TO MULTI (866-8584).
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On May 26 to 29, 2016, MegaCon will be held at the Orange County Convention Center in Orlando, Florida.browse products & party supplies
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text:
Tafelberg Main Wall
- 1 Amarula (23) ****
- 2 Cape Velvet (25) *****
- 3 Make Tea Not War (20) ***
- 4 Danger Shrew (24) ****
- 5 Dithering Heights (25) *****
- 6 The Swan (24) *****
- 7 Stargate (20) ****
- 8 Crouching Tiger Hidden Giraffe (24) *****
- 9 The Occidental Express (23) ***
- 10 Iridium Flash (26) ****
- 11 The Jedi Fish (20) ****
- 12 Vuvuzela (23) *****
- 13 Freedom Feather (21) ****
- 14 Boombox (24) ***(*)
- 15 Whistling Woozle (22) ****
Amarula (23) ****
Maidens Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
Takes some golden bulges and a wild roof just right of 'Ice Tea'. Scramble up one level and find a beach/cave with a diving board (cairn) that offers footing to an undercut start. (Level with the first stance of Ice Tea)
- Pitch 1. 25m (19) Step off the diving board onto the wall, up to the roof, traverse right to the thinnest part of the roof, and then continue up to the following ledge.
- Pitch 2. 30m (23) An undercut start off of a big horn (there used to be two horns). Continue slightly right past some rails to the golden bulges, and climb the right-most crack. Continue up finger cracks on the right and carry on straight up to exit the crux. Continue up for another 10m.
- Pitch 3 25m (21) Aim for the obvious 3m roof with an apparently off-width break. Jam inside the crack, stretch for jugs on the left lip, and make a mind-bending cutloose to finish on easy territory. Stance 5 – 10m above the lip.
- Pitch 4. 50m (18) Straight, and follow the most appealing line to the top.
Cape Velvet (25) *****
Maidens Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
A varied route just right of Amarula with a stunning arete pitch and contender for the best designed belay stance on the mountain.
- Pitch 1. 15 m (22) Start 5m right of Amarula on top of some blocks. Up easily to a large rail below a roof. Move left and pull through the roof onto a small platform. Head straight up the smooth recess to a good ledge.
- Pitch 2. 20 m (25) Head up and left to a wide rail below an overhanging nose. On the left of the nose there is a narrow crack (tiny cam required). Pull up into the higher vertical crack and crank to a horizontal rail. Step right around the nose and up a short layback to a thin rail. Step back left across the nose and then up a series of laybacks to a fantastic stance above the prow.
Gear: Very small cam (eg. C3 000) to protect the first move onto the nose.
- Pitch 3. 45 m (21) Climb up and right into a bottomless chimney. Continue up and step right onto a large split block. Tackle the steep jam crack (with an offwidth to the right). Move right around the corner onto a ledge and straight up to the huge ledge.
- Pitch 4. 20 m (16) Step off a wobbly block and climb a golden, polished arete (just right of a gulley) and then easy slabs to the top. This is probably shared with Ice Tea.
FA: Richard Halsey and Douw Steyn (March 2013)
Make Tea Not War (20) ***
Maidens Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
A line between Mothers and Cosy Corner. The rock quality for the first 10m is not great, but then improves greatly. The second and third pitches are excellent.
- Pitch 1. 25 m (17) Start 1m left of Cosy Corner and head straight up and past a vertical crack in the steep section about 20m up. Tend slightly left, passing one ledge, to a stance on the second ledge in a wide corner.
- Pitch 2. 45 m (20) Climb the largest layback crack in the wide corner to some large horizontal breaks, Move slightly right and up to below a steep crack and pocketed face on good quality brown rock. Pull through the bulge and straight up the face for about 15m to a rail below a slight overhang. Swing round 2m to the right and then straight up featured groove/face to a flat platform just below the large rocky ledge. Belay here, and then scramble up right to below the right hand wall of the huge corner.
- Pitch 3. 15 m (17) The Power Hog pitch. Start up a vague layback and make a rising traverse across the compact white face (with wide vertical cracks) and under a projecting nose to a neat stance capped by a small roof on the left.
- Pitch 4. 30 m (18) Pass the right side of the small roof, and up a few meters to a finger rail, below a very narrow overhang. Traverse left about 2m and then straight up to the top.
FA: Richard Halsey, Anthony Hall and Jonathan Hajos (April 2011)
Danger Shrew (24) ****
Maidens Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
Finds a break through the big roofs above the walk-in ledge between Maidens Prayer and Bat. About 20m right of the start of Lost Chord is a set of rails heading up and right above the roof. This is the first pitch.
- Pitch 1. 15 m (24) Start where you can easily reach the first rail. Move right towards a small prong underneath the first roof. Use this to reach through to a good, sloping hold around the lip. Place a small wire on the right and then, with the aid of a couple of diagonal edges slightly higher up, pull through to the next rail. Hard and committing. Traverse right and up until able to get onto a small ledge. Stance on the right end of the ledge by a small, orange open book capped by a roof.
- Pitch 2. 55 m (21) Head rightwards up the book/arete then a bit left to a grey chimney. Above the chimney head up and slightly right again to a rail which is followed for a few metres right until one can pull up into a wide recess. Climb the recess and pull through the roof above using a layback crack. This move can be bypassed more easily 1m to the left. Head easily straight up to the large ledge below the massive open book.
- Pitch 3. 25 m (19) In the corner of the open book, behind a massive block, is the easy layback crack of Maiden Voyage. Start up this crack then move diagonally left into the parallel crack. Up this then exit left below some blocks. Stance below the large, prominent, white open book capped by a triangular roof.
- Pitch 4. 30 m (21) Pull up into the crack in the corner of the open book then move 3m right into a crack system that passes the roof on the right. Head up this system past the roof then easily straight up to the top. A superb pitch.
FA: Douw Steyn and Richard Halsey (March 2011)
Dithering Heights (25) *****
Frontal Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
Starts about 10m right of Bat off a rectangular black block below a leftward pointing prong and short corner/crack. The route heads straight up through a large, dark red corner to the right hand side of the large roof then does an airy, Oceans Of Air like traverse left under the roof to escape straight up the blunt corner system to the top.
- Pitch 1. 25 m (21) From the block use the prong to pull into the corner. Climb up and slightly right up a shallow recess then back left onto some blocks and through an overhang onto a large ledge.
- Pitch 2. 15 m (25) The dithering pitch. Climb a layback flake into a dark red/brown corner below a roof. Rail 4m right to below a small prong. Hard moves up to a rail and up the groove to the big ledge below the huge roof. Stance on the left.
- Pitch 3. 20 m (18) Rail left to a semi-hanging stance on the black rock past the huge roof.
- Pitch 4. 50 m (18) Straight up to a large ledge. Up a shallow, yellow recess just to the left for another 15m to the huge ledge.
- Pitch 5. 35 m (21) Climb the short, wide, overhanging crack at the left end of the ledge. Up and left past the blocky roof and up to the top.
FA: Douw Steyn and Richard Halsey (Jan 2011)
The Swan (24) *****
Frontal Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
This superb route follows a line just left of The Crow. The last pitch is just right of The Crow's final pitch. Start 20m left of The Crow's corner. A natural stone chair is found at the base of the route.
- Pitch 1. 30 m (23) Pull onto the undercut face off a block. Up right to a thin crack. Tricky layback to roof. Undercling left to easier layback crack up to a ledge with blocks. Takeoff from block with hard pulls up to a layback feature. Up left to ledge (Bat's first stance is just to the left).
Gear: Work in a couple of decent wires at the layback feature before the last move.
- Pitch 2. 20 m (24) From the right of the ledge move up right to small ledge with a block. Hard pull to rail. Rail right for 2m. Hard pull up and right. Easier climbing straight up to just left of a large, pointed block sticking out from a big ledge. (Bat P2 comes up on the left and crosses to the right of the ledge). Walk to left end of ledge.
Gear: Tiny Friend or Alien in vertical slot at waist level for first hard pull.
- Pitch 3. 30 m (23) Up to roof. Rail left onto block/flake. Keep traversing left till possible to pull up to next rail via hollow flake. Undercling/jam left to corner. Up to huge roof. Rail back right until able to pull through roof on huge jugs. Up 5m to ledge.
- Pitch 4. 25 m (20) Climb the crack with a grass tuft directly above the ledge. Continue straight up through an overhang to the massive ledge.
- Pitch 5. 30 m (21) 3m right of The Crow's final pitch is another corner/crack starting above a low overhang. Take off from a large block and climb the crack to a small overhang. Rail right 1m then go up and left towards a small layback corner. Straight up to the top finishing up the middle of a superb whitish shield to a 1 foot square parapet.
FA: Adam Roff, Douw Steyn, Gosia Lipinska (Pitches 1 & 2) (2010)
Stargate (20) ****
Frontal Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
Fills in the gap between Bat and Crouching Tiger which is protected by the impenetrable, huge roof at the bottom. Use a space portal to teleport to the start of the route in the middle of the black face above the roof. Alternatively, climb part of any route on the side of the roof and then traverse in to the middle of the black face. The traverse is at the level of the second stance of Crouching Tiger or pitch four of Gotham City. Make a hanging stance just above a large, black flake about 10m left of Tiger's third pitch.
- Pitch 1. 40 m (18) From the belay climb almost straight up tending just slightly leftwards towards a 1m wide, featured roof. Pull through the roof on underclings and continue straight up to the huge ledge.
- Pitch 2. 30 m (20) Between Tiger's and the Frontal's final pitches is an overhanging corner with some vertical cracks. Starting off some large blocks, climb the cracks and up on the right. Up to the top with a final, tricky move past a left pointing flake.
FA: Richard Halsey and Douw Steyn (Jan 2011)
Crouching Tiger Hidden Giraffe (24) *****
Frontal Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
Takes the big corner system dodged by Grappler, then up the hanging nose above. Has a spicy nip in the last pitch. Need a #4 Camalot for pitch 2. Start midway between Gotham City and Grappler at pockety rock below a layback edge at 5m.
- Pitch 1. 15 m (21) Up the pockety rock to the layback. Up this then diagonally right to a flake. Up past rails and right to finish.
- Pitch 2. 30 m (23) Start off a block just right of the first pitch. Climb up onto a narrow ledge, move right and up into a wide rail below the roof (#4 cam). Hard move up into the open book. Climb the corner crack to the roof with the giraffe. Turn the roof on the right and reach out left above the roof. Swing left and up onto a small ledge trying not to pull on the big, loose block. Up to a stance on another small ledge level with Grappler's "galloping hand traverse".
Gear: #4 Camalot to protect the hard move into the open book.
- Pitch 3. 20 m (24) Traverse 3m right to below the next big open book (at the start of the "galloping hand traverse") then do a hard, traddy pull into the corner crack above (grade 23 if you're tall). Climb up to the big roof. Undercling right to the corner and up to ledge.
- Pitch 4. 40 m (21) Climb the nose directly above where you came up. Reach up left for a rail just above the roof. Rail left until able to stand up. Step left then onto the nose. Romp to the massive ledge below the last pitch of Tafelberg Frontal. Walk left about 20m and scramble up onto a big, rectangular block under a low overhang. This is just left of a big, jumbly, blocky corner system. If you are in the right place there will be a Fred Flinstone briefcase just left of the block.
- Pitch 5. 30 m (23) Reach far left from the block and place gear (Camalot #2 in the handrail under the overhang). Traverse left under the overhang then do a hard move up to laybacks. Reach up left to a crack. Straight up to the summit past a thin move near the top.
FA: Adam Roff, Francie Buhrmann, Gosia Lipinska (2008)
FFA: Gosia Lipinska, Douw Steyn, Willem le Roux (2009)
The Occidental Express (23) ***
Frontal Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
This sustained route features a wild, pumpy traverse in an airy position.
- Pitch 1. 15 m (16) About 10m right of Grappler, climb a recess with a chimney and layback crack to the huge ledge.
- Pitch 2. 15 m (22) Start from a large block 5m left of Grappler P2. A tricky start up a short recess leads to a wide rail. Move 2m left to where you can pull through on laybacks. Follow a steep corner to the roof. Traverse left to a cramped stance shared with Grappler.
- Pitch 3. 15 m (21) Head up ~2m to the first rail (below Grappler's rail). Traverse right around the protruding corner and then keep going until just past the first flake in the roof. Make a hanging stance where a #3 Camalot fits the rail.
Gear: Big cams of the Camelot #2 - #4 range are required. Doubles are useful although not absolutely essential.
- Pitch 4. 8 m (23) Rail ~4m right and pull through the roof on a dubious flake just before the rail pinches out. Pull onto the face above and up ~2m to a semi-hanging stance at a narrow ledge. This could be combined with the previous pitch but would add a couple of grades.
- Pitch 5. 30 m (20) Climb straight up toward a roof ~10m up. Pull through on the large layback on the left and continue to a large ledge, and then a few meters up to a smaller ledge.
- Pitch 6. 20 m (20) Head up an orange wall on small flakes and edges to an obvious arch/bridge in the grey rock. Pull through the roof and straight up on featured rock to wide ledge.
- Pitch 7. 25 m (21) Start up a short crack, followed by a rising traverse through a series of inverted steps and underclings to a shelf. Step left and straight up, aiming for a right tending crack through a slight bulge. Tend left to the large ledge.
- Pitch 8. 12 m (17) Walk 10m left to a corner crack. Climb the corner crack into a smooth right facing corner. After ~5m, step left onto the arete and up to the top.
FA: Douw Steyn and Richard Halsey (March 2013)
Iridium Flash (26) ****
Frontal Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
The route breaks through the big roof between Grappler and The Frontal with steep and spectacular climbing. Starts ~30m left of The Frontal, just left of a big roof and under a hook shaped feature at the base of a layback crack. Some extra medium size cams are useful on pitch 2.
- Pitch 1. 20 m (23) Head up ~5m to the hook, then up a short layback crack. Step right and up to the roof. Traverse ~2m right to the top of an arete, then up to a huge ledge. After belaying, walk 7-8m right to below a featured, hanging block under the narrowest section of the double layer roof above.
- Pitch 2. 25 m (26) The superb In-Your-Element pitch. Climb up and slightly right for ~7m to a roof below the hanging block. Rail ~2m right then pull strenuously left across to the right hand side of the block. Continue up to a wide rail, then over the first layer of the roof to another rail. Crank hard to a hidden, but fantastic jug over the final roof, and make more hard moves diagonally right until you can establish on the face above using good side pulls. Make a hanging stance 3m up at a good rail (small/medium cams).
- Pitch 3. 25 m (16) Climb straight up towards a projecting block on the skyline. Stance on the large ledge.
- Pitch 4. 30 m (21) Start just right of Sorcerer. Head up a series of two curving layback flakes until able to traverse 2m right to gain a small, right facing corner. At the top step left onto the gray face and up several meters to a ledge. Continue up to the big ledge and stance on the right of a large block (shared with Sorcerer).
- Pitch 5. 35 m (20) Traverse 3m right to a short, undercut crack (shared with Jedi Fish P3). Start up the crack then head right onto the face. Make a rising traverse to the right, passing above a fragile white flake. Continue traversing until directly below an obvious smooth-looking corner with a layback crack in the golden rock ~15m up. Climb straight up to the layback, then a short face above to the top.
FA: Richard Halsey and Douw Steyn (Jan 2013)
The Jedi Fish (20) ****
Frontal Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
Takes a fairly direct line to the right of Sorcerer. Start a few meters left of Tafelberg Frontal at a 'tower' cairn.
- Pitch 1. 42 m (20) Climb straight up for 2 m on a red face with pockets leading to a grey wall. Pleasant grad 12 climbing to a ledge. Continue up little ledges aiming for the open book on the right (Sorcerer takes the easier line even further right). Climb the open book to the roof, take 2 steps to the left and pull through to good holds just left of a lonely small bush. Step right and move up the face to a good stance 10 m above the roof (tower cairn).
- Pitch 2. 30 m (19) A tricky move gets one onto the face. Follow a faint straight line of red lichen and then a white streak to a block on a ledge. Say 'Hello' to the 'Fish jumping out of the waves'-feature below a layback crack. Use the fish's back, delicately, to gain the crack, follow that to a hollow sounding flake and another one with better rock. Move left below the little roof and up to the ledge. Stance at the splitter crack.
- Pitch 3. 40 m (19) Climb the splitter crack and over some blocks. Tend leftwards to avoid the roof, 2 moves up into a leftwards slanting break. Don't follow the break all the way, instead move right onto the face. Straight up to the top. The last 10 climbing meters are on superb orange, featured rock.
FA: Anita Hintringer and Uwe Pitsch (Feb 2012).
Vuvuzela (23) *****
Frontal Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
Follows a direct line just right of Digeridoo on the main wall. Prominent features are the purple nose on pitch 3 and the massive corner system on pitch 4 right of the last pitch of Central Direct. Start by doing any two pitches to get to the belay at the end of pitch 2 of Tafelberg Frontal
- Pitch 1. 15 m (16) Climb straight up to the left facing corner to a ledge. Belay on a large block on the right.
- Pitch 2. 25 m (20) Climb into the awkward, undercut feature above the block and reach left to a finger crack. Go up past an overhang on the right, then do some thin moves and exit left. Stance on the left under the roof crack (as for Digeridoo).
- Pitch 3. 30 m (19) Traverse 3m left, up 3m, then back right onto the purplish nose. Climb the steep break just left of the nose. Exit right and climb straight up easy rock to belay next to a block. (If you step right around the nose and go straight up the grade drops.)
- Pitch 4. 30 m (23) Step off the block into the fierce, thin crack up to the small roof. Reach desperately through then move diagonally up left into the massive, left-facing corner system. Climb this to the huge roof and stance on the right.
- Pitch 5. 10 m (22) Climb the short, sharp layback crack just right of the stance.
FA: Adam Roff and Francie Buhrmann (2008) FFA of Pitch 5: Douw Steyn and Ant Hall (2009)
Freedom Feather (21) ****
Frontal Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
Another line starting above the massive roof just right of Tafelberg Frontal. Do the first two pitches of the Frontal and walk right along the ledge to about 10m left of where Boomerang goes up. Start at the right hand end of some roofs above you, about 1m right of an obvious recessed corner, and below a white nose.
- Pitch 1. 20 m (16) Head directly up to the white nose just right of the corner. Reach up to an awesome jug on the tip of the nose and climb up to a big ledge.
- Pitch 2. 35 m (19) Pull up onto the face above the stance and up a small, left-facing corner system towards the right hand side of a detached roof that is almost an arch. Rail 2m right to skirt the roof and up to a ledge.
- Pitch 3. 25 m (20) The Improbable Pitch. Start off a block a few metres left of where you just came up. Climb up to the second rail then traverse left past an obvious vertical crack. At some loose blocks head up and slightly left to a small stance.
- Pitch 4. 20 m (21) Head straight up past some delicate moves to a huge ledge. Could be combined with the previous pitch.
- Pitch 5. 20 m (21) Walk about 8m left to some blocks at the base of a blunt, white nose with layback cracks on either side. Climb up the easier right hand side until able to reach across to the left side. Climb up to a small overlap. Pull through and head up to the base of an impossible looking, smooth, round corner below the summit. Traverse 8m left past a short finger crack to a small stance below a recessed crack.
- Pitch 6. 10 m (17) Climb the crack and a delicate move to finish.
FA: Douw Steyn and Richard Halsey (January 2012)
Boombox (24) ***(*)
Right Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
Takes a fairly direct line to the right of Boomerang Direct. Start by doing any approach pitches to get to the right-most end of the ledge where pitch 3 of Boomerang begins.
- Pitch 1. 10 m (17) Start directly below some underclings that allow you to reach a higher rail. Pull up to a second, wide rail below a roof and traverse over the void until you can move easy diagonally right to a ledge. Stance in an oblique corner, where the right wall is very smooth and rectangular (3m x 1.5m).
- Pitch 2. 30 m (21) Up the corner and left around a slight bulge to a ledge. Pull through a series of steep, inverted steps and pass the last roof on its right hand side. Move slightly left and then straight up to a big ledge with a large triangular block on it.
- Pitch 3. 25m (17) Starting about 2m left of the block, follow a vague crack and then move slightly right to another crack. Above this pull through the right hand side of the roof at big upside down slot. Head up and slightly right to a huge ledge.
- Pitch 4. 20 m (24) This pitch climbs the large left facing corner (to the left of a wide roof at 5m height) and exits left across the face. A tricky start through the thin crack/bulge into the corner. Climb up several meters until the first inverted step, where you traverse left, and then pull up to the next overhang. Hard moves up to, and left under the final roof until you gain the face above. Stance a few meter higher at the base of a wide, left lending crack. A fairly demanding pitch and solid at the grade.
- Pitch 5. 10 m (17) Climb the arched crack to the top.
FA: Richard Halsey and Uwe Pitsch (Oct 2011). FFA of Pitch 4: Richard Halsey.
Whistling Woozle (22) ****
Right Sector, Main Wall, Tafelberg
Another route starting off the ledge above the huge roof right of the Frontal. Start at the right hand end of the ledge (as for Boombox).
- Pitch 1. 30 m (17) Start as for Boombox directly below some underclings that allow you to reach a higher rail. Pull up to a second, wide rail below a roof and traverse out over the void. Continue to traverse right below a white dihedral then diagonally up and right to a ledge below a big, vertical crack capped by a double roof.
- Pitch 2. 15 m (22) About 3m right of the crack climb straight up to a narrow roof with an obvious undercling on the lip. Pull through to the rail below the next roof. Move 1m right then up into the break through the top roof. A beefy layback leads up to stance on a small ledge with a bush.
- Pitch 3. 35 m (19) Climb straight up to the black roof about 10m up. Pull through on flakes at the widest part. Go up past one big ledge to a second, massive ledge below an obvious corner crack system right of a big roof.
- Pitch 4. 35 m (20) Climb the corner crack system exiting right at the top onto a tiny corner ledge. Tricky pull past a layback. Climb the face right of the obvious, black corner crack heading to the right of a projecting arete. Up the grey corner to the top.
FA: Richard Halsey and Douw Steyn (Jan 2012)
>> Back to Tafelberg page


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Watch These Kids Popping Balloons — Daily Distraction
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Kids love balloons, and who can blame them. But it's always fun to watch them learn what happens when your balloon goes POP!
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The Daily Distraction is your Internet break from reality. Whether you're eating lunch at your desk or avoiding high school exes on Facebook, you might just laugh, say "aaahhh" or not believe what you just watched.


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Woodbank crew neck sweats give you superlative quality combined with both practicality and value. They are heavier than any standard acrylic sweatshirt on the market.
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Two small credit unions are merging with billion dollar cooperatives in Washington and Mississippi.
In Washington, board members of the $4.9 million Darigold Federal Credit Union of Shoreline and the $1 billion Sound Credit Union of Tacoma have unanimously approved a merger agreement between the two organizations.
In Mississippi, the $4.8 million Mississippi Department of Transportation Federal Credit Union in Jackson will merge with the $2.1 billion Kessler Federal Credit Union in Biloxi on March 31.
The proposed merger between Darigold FCU and Sound CU must be approved by state and federal regulators as well as the 1,137 members of Darigold FCU.
Founded in 1952, the credit union serves employees of Darigold, one of America's largest dairy farm cooperatives representing more than 500 family farms across the Northwest. Darigold FCU also serves the financial needs of producers and members of the Northwest Dairy Association and those who live or work in Shoreline.
"Darigold FCU is a strong, stable credit union," Richard Brandsma, president/CEO of Sound CU, said in a prepared statement. "We're excited for this opportunity and look forward to serving the members of Darigold Federal Credit Union."
Although Darigold posted a net worth of nearly 19% last year, well above peer average of 14%, the cooperative, like many small credit unions, has experienced financial challenges over the last five years, according to NCUA financial performance reports.
Darigold FCU's total loans held steady at about $2.5 million over the last five years, but its loan income revenues declined from $221,546 to $202,302 from 2009 to 2013, NCUA financial performance reports show.
Though investment income dropped from $103,182 in 2009 to $23,599 in 2013, the cooperative's increased its fee income from $13,194 to $18,693 over the last five years.
Darigold FCU, however, posted net income losses totaling $333,398 from 2009 to 2013.
Chartered in 1941, the Mississippi Department of Transportation FCU also experienced financial challenges over the last five years.


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Includes: t-shirt and hood
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Stanczyk, thinks he just got the new issue of Pathways & Passages. I'm not certain because it says 2011 on the cover and in the page footers. But of course, who doesn't have a hard time writing the new year on their checks.
That aside, their column, "Online Resources" was particularly good this issue (whichever it was, Summer 2011 -or- Summer 2012).
For the PA Polonia …
They had two online resources. For Schuykill County, PA (moje zona has family from that county — in fact I stumbled upon this site a few years ago). So I can state it is a very good from my own experience.
They did mention Lackawanna County, PA (but did not give the URL — so off to Google for you). There are marriages: 1885-1995 and an index to wills.
The Next Online Resources …
Passaic County, NJ – Naturalizations. This turned out to be an EXCELLENT find! I found a Jozef Zwolski whose ship manifest I had found before. Now Jozef was a brother of Roman Zwolski and both of these men are sons Jan Zwolski & Petronella Elijasz ! They happen to be from both Biechow & Pacanow parishes. Joseph's Declaration of Intent was listed and you could view the image (and download a PDF of the document)! So I now have a birthday for Joseph and it matches up well to his ship manifest and his residences in Russian-Poland match up well too — so I am pretty convinced I have my ancestor.
Joseph apparently served in WWI and is taking advantage of privileges as a citizen soldier to become an American.
Antwerp Police Immigration Index. This last resource given, I would not have thought to look into (not having any Belgians in my direct lineage). But apparently, if you stayed longer than normal before your passage to American (from Antwerp port), you had to register with Antwerp Police. A good many Polish must have fell into that category. I did not find any of mine, but did find some whose last names match those in my family tree. If you do find your ancestor — you have a name and a village to ascertain that you have the correct person. But you will gain a birthday. This is another nice database from FamilySearch.org.
I am glad I belong to some of the various Polish Genealogical Societies — these little resources sometimes pay big dividends.


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The Star Wars: The Old Republic Website has word of staff cuts at BioWare Austin, the development studio behind Star Wars: The Old Republic, the sci-fi MMORPG. The update from Doctors Greg Zeschuk and Ray Muzyka does not say why this is happening, but does that this about the future: "Rest assured that we remain dedicated to delivering a high quality service in SWTOR to you, our fans, and we will continue to support and grow Star Wars: The Old Republic over the weeks, months and years to come." VentureBeat has a follow-up comment on this from Electronic Arts:
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New London's Democratic mayor among those not re-elected to Democratic Town Committee
Editor's Note: This corrects an earlier version.
New London — The city's Democratic mayor and his appointed chief of staff, also a Democrat, failed to get enough votes Tuesday night to remain on the Democratic Town Committee.
Mayor Daryl Justin Finizio and longtime town committee member Jane Glover were not re-elected to the 60-member committee.
City Councilor Michael Passero presented a slate of 20 candidates from the third district that did not include Finizio or Glover. Both were nominated from the floor but did not receive enough votes to serve the two-year terms. City Council President Wade Hyslop was re-elected but his wife, Jessie, was not.
"What this says is there's a lack of confidence in the mayor's leadership within his own party," Passero said Wednesday.
But Finizio disputed Passero's assessment of the vote, saying the overall committee represents a diverse cross-section of the city and that the upset in District 3 was "a bit of political maneuvering that would make any watcher of 'Survivor' proud.
"Of course Mr. Passero, in his inevitable campaign for mayor, will claim it was a victory," Finizio said.
There were 71 people at the caucus. Nominees needed a majority, or 36 votes, to be elected, and Finizio and Glover each received 15 votes.
Finizio said he believed the leaders of the party had worked out a slate that had included Glover and himself. He was unaware that Passero had organized an alternative slate.
Finizio, who is the first elected mayor in the city in 90 years, was voted into office in 2011. He is in the third year of a four-year term. Passero, who had to go to a primary to get on the town committee more than 10 years ago, also sought the office of mayor. But he withdrew his name early in the campaign after failing to get the town committee endorsement.
Finizio challenged the Democratic nominee Michael Buscetto III, won the primary and went on to win the election.
In District 1, 19 of the 20 names on a slate presented by Zak Leavy, Finizio's executive assistant, were elected. Marie Friess-McSparran, and her husband Dan McSparran, who are not members of the committee, were nominated from the floor but failed to get enough votes, according to Leavy. Friess-McSparran, a former city councilor, had separated from the Democrats during the last election when she ran, unsuccessfully, on the Republican ticket for re-election.
In District 2, all 20 people nominated by Margaret Curtin were elected. Committee members will be sworn in in March, when a chairman will be elected.
There also are provisions for primaries, which would be held in March 4 if the necessary paperwork is filed by Jan. 29.
New London town committees
District 1
Maria Bareiss
Allyn de Vars
Christopher Deveau
Efrain Dominguez
Ethien Dominguez
Elizabeth Garcia
Shirley Gillis
Marie Ann Gravell
Constance Hightower
Frederick Jake Kaeser
Zak Leavy
Rich martin
Tambria Moore
Laura Natusch
Laura Nadelberg
Erica Richardson
Christian Soto
Clark van der Lyke
Gretchen van der Lyke
Aracelis Vazquez-Haye
District 2
Margaret Curtin
Patrick Day
Robert Funk
Ernest Hewett
William Guistini
Margaret Reyes
George Grabel
Ann Stewart
Mary Minton
Melanie McKinnon
Mary Hyslop
Sean Patrick Murray
William Morse
Earl Wilson
Shannon Richardson
Steve Schneidermeyer
Thomas Murphy
Michael Tranchida
Sheryl Duzant
Geneviere Catala
District 3
Donna Bailey
Nancy Baude
Kevin Cavanagh
Bill Cornish
Nancy Dolan
Catherine Foley
Joe Hancock
Wade Hyslop
Jim Kelly
Linda Mariani
Mark Matson
Sheila McCarthy
Delanna Muse
Michael Passero
Tracee Reiser
Bill Satti
John Satti
Elaine Stattler
Christine Synodi
Wayne Vendetto Jr.
Republicans also held their caucus Tuesday night and elected 46 members, including 12 new people. They are:
Vincentia Belbruno
Shannon Brenek
Heidi L. Cooper
Tina Cygan
Nicole Dallas
Daniel Docker
Able Donka
Mike Doyle
Chas Doyle
Laurie Ann Drinkwater
Joseph Geraci
Sharon Wyatt Giesing
Bob Grills
Mr. William R. Hannaford
Margaret Hansen
Jeff Harris
John Hunziker
K. Robert Lewis
Barbara Major
Patricia McCarthy
Dora Pero
Rob Pero
Richard Pisczek
Thomas G. Plunkett
Margaret Ramus
Aaron Richard
Lindsay M. Savona Esq.
Kathleen Sitty
Adam Sprecace
George A. Sprecace
Jean Sprecace
Cynthia Suntup
Jack Van Verdeghem
Bill Vogel
New members:
Steve Brenek
Dennis Downing
Victoria Doyle
Scott Ennis
Katherine Goulart
Lori Hopkins Cavanaugh
Martin Olsen
Keith Robbins
Randall Surprenant
Corina Vendetto
Gordon Videll
Scott Wilson
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Education on the water
Students from the Ledyard, Fitch, and New London high schools' "More Than Words" diversity leadership group embark on the schooner Amistad for the final lesson in the Discovering Amistad curriculum Monday.
Tribal youth killed in all-terrain vehicle accident
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Stonington annual Armed Forces Luncheon slated for May 28
The Pawcatuck Lions Club and Stonington High School will sponsor their annual Armed Forces Luncheon on Tuesday, May 28 to honor active duty military members and veterans.
Elder abuse awareness event slated for June 14 in Westerly
Eight organizations from Stonington and Westerly will commemorate World Elder Abuse Awareness Day by hosting a walk & community conversation on Friday June 14 at 9 a.m. at Wilcox Park in Westerly.