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It's pretty clear that convinced belief in the self-serving and greedy nature of humanity can induce that very behavior, not only in those who believe it, but in others as well. I've written before about the rather alarming study that looked at how graduate students in various disciplines play cooperative games, such as the Ultimatum game, in which participants do better in so far as they manage to temper narrow self-interest and cooperate. Except for graduate students in economics, students in all fields played just about as cooperatively as the public at large. But the economics students were much more greedy. The explanation, as the economists who conducted the research suggested, isn't that these students were born that way, but that they had learned the self-interest model of human behavior in their economic studies, and assumed that others had too; they expected to find nothing but self-interest in others, and so acted accordingly. Not surprisingly, those others, encountering clearly selfish partners, soon responded in kind.
I was reminded of this by a comment that Zak left on my earlier post Who's the real enemy? As he wrote:
I consider myself a political conservative. The notion that politicians usually act in their own political best interest rather than in the best interest of the nation is close to being a conservative axiom. The resulting conclusion is that the electorate should be extremely stingy in how much wealth and power is ceded to the government.
I am continually amazed at the glaring inconsistency of well meaning liberals who think giving more wealth and power to the government is the best way to solve many problems, but are simultaneously horified at how elections actually turn out, and how the political process incentivises politicians to actually behave. Hope springs eternal that if only MY guys (gals) would win the elections, then things would be different. But history has shown repeatedly that people making this bet have been sorely disappointed.
I'm not sure that liberals really think that "giving more wealth and power to the government is the best way to solve many problems"; I would classify myself as liberal, and I certainly don't think that. But there's a deeper point here, which relates to the self-fulfilling behavior of economics students described above.
If it really is "close to a conservative axiom" that politicians always pursue their own political self-interest, this is a fairly demoralizing and, I think, ultimately damaging view of human affairs. Indeed, this is the "economic way of thinking" applied to government, as captured in so-called Public Choice theory; it's the rationalist view of how government works when everyone is thoroughly greedy and self-interested. It suggests, in particular, that anything and everything we've heard from the Bush Administration, or indeed, from anyone else, about the dangers of terrorism, the need to be vigilant so as to protect freedom and democracy, etc., has been nothing more than strategic noise by those in power as they go about seeking their personal interests. If it's a conservative axiom that this is business as usual, then I guess that's okay.
But I think this view contains within it the same danger as the economists' (traditional) view that people are only motivated by greed. If we only expect people to be greedy, and we're satisfied with such behavior, then that's what we'll get. Indeed, in a world of greedy people, acting in your own narrow self-interest at all times really is the only sensible strategy. But most of us, I think, aren't satisfied with that; we want more from government, just as we want more from our friends and colleagues. Even conservatives want more.
Consider a snippet from an article in the NYT about Jack Goldsmith, former head of the Office of Legal Counsel in the Bush White House. Goldsmith was there in the hospital on that fateful night when Alberto Gonzales and Andrew Card went the hospital bed of the very ill Attorney General Ashcroft to get him to sign off on measures in the "terrorist surveillance program" over which a number of Justice Department officials had already threatened to resign. Goldmith's recollections of what happened in that room:
Suddenly, Gonzales and Card came in the room and announced that they were there in connection with the classified program. "Ashcroft, who looked like he was near death, sort of puffed up his chest," Goldsmith recalls. "All of a sudden, energy and color came into his face, and he said that he didn't appreciate them coming to visit him under those circumstances, that he had concerns about the matter they were asking about and that, in any event, he wasn't the attorney general at the moment; Jim Comey was. He actually gave a two-minute speech, and I was sure at the end of it he was going to die. It was the most amazing scene I've ever witnessed."
That's a man acting on more than self-interest. It's a man who believed in something about government, and about the way it should be run.
If it really is "close to a conservative axiom" that everyone in government (and perhaps elsewhere?) is driven solely by greed, that may well be "hard-headed." But in the effort to recognize and take note of the baser nature of much human motivation, it risks throwing out, and indeed actually eliminating from public life, human motivation that goes beyond naked self interest. I'd say that it's close to a liberal axiom that people, however much they are motivated by self interest, also have other motivations. Most people care about fairness and justice. Most people (if it hasn't been trained out of them) have a spontaneous willingness to cooperate. Most people, or at least many people, will help their neighbors, and not merely because they expect something in return.
I don't think it's naive to want some of those kinds of motivations to play a role in government, be it large or small.


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Professor receives inaugural award for outstanding service
July 22, 2013
Professor Carolyn Carr doesn't just teach education leaders—she is one. For her service in the field of educational administration, she has earned the first-ever Charles Achilles Distinguished Service Award from the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration (NCPEA). The award recognizes onsistent, sustained, and active involvement in advancing the field of educational administration and leadership.
Carr serves as professor and chair of the educational leadership department and director of the educational leadership doctoral program. She is a longtime member of the NCPEA and has served in many roles, including executive board member. Most recently, Carr served on the review board for the NCPEA official peer-reviewed journal Educational Leadership Review.
At Lewis & Clark, Carr has focused on the implementation of Oregon administrator license standards by universities, school districts, and professional organizations. She and her colleagues developed the Leadership for Equity Assessment and Development (LEAD) tool, a reference for school leadership teams based on Oregon's licensure standards as they relate to equity and cultural competence.
Carr is retiring in fall 2014, and says of the award, "To end 45 years in education with such acknowledgement is a rare privilege, and one that touches me especially since it is given by professional colleagues across the US."
Zibby Pillote '14 contributed to this story.

subset: commoncrawl


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Tintri's VDI flash disk mix: The kit that booted 1,000 virtual desktops
Legion of clones spawned in just 9 seconds each
VMWorld Barcelona Tintri and VMware showed the virtualisation players how it's done at VMWorld today when they tested a Tintri hybrid storage array booting 1,000 virtual desktops in two-and-a-half hours – nine seconds per desktop.
Tintri hybrid flash and disk drive arrays are purpose-designed to support virtual server operations.
The test set up used a Dell R610 ESXi management server, four Dell R720 ESXi hosts for virtual desktops, host, each with two Xeon E5-2690 processors, Windows 7 64bit images, VMware VIEW, Dell Force 10 switches, a Tintri T540 data store, and VMware VIEW Planner v2.1.
One thousand linked clones were fully deployed in 2.5 hours, 150 minutes, meaning 9 seconds per clone.
Speaking at VMWorld Barcelona, Tintri marketing veep Geoff Stedman said the all-in system cost came in at under $200/virtual desktop – he reckons that's a new baseline. Tintri CEO Kieran Harty said that the users got performance on their virtual desktops equivalent to that of an all-flash notebook, like a MacBook Air; superior to the average performance of a disk-driven PC.
Stedman added: "We're achieving the performance of an all-flash array at one third of the price." The first VM user was logged in eight minutes after the T540 was wheeled into the test lab.
Stedman said Tintri now had around 150 customers, and that two of them had more than 900 VMs supported and several are at the 500+ VM level: "So utilisation is going up."
All-flash array start-ups Whiptail and Violin have revealed their systems can support thousands of virtual desktops. The VDI storage support game is moving to a performance and cost game. The big questions are: how many VMs can a storage box support; how fast can it boot them; how fast can they be once started; and what's the cost per desktop?
Tintri must be hoping its flash + disk combination provides an unbeatable price/performance advantage. ®


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Watch Michael Lewis Explain 'Flash Boys' with Jon Stewart on 'The Daily Show'
After the initial mystery about what exactly his book was about, author Michael Lewis is hitting the publicity rounds with a vengeance, with stops on "60 Minutes," CNBC and now a sit down on "The Daily Show" with comic Jon Stewart. Lewis, the author of such books as "The Blind Side" and "The Big Short," discussed some of the critical questions he raises in "Flash Boys" about high-frequency trading and whether the stock market is rigged against ordinary investors. After all this publicity, could "Between Two Ferns with Zach Galifianakis" be far behind?Watch the clip. What do you think?


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Pineapple Hairpins
Tropical and fun, these pineapples give a Hawaiian flair to any hairstyle.
Rachel O's is proud to offer the ultimate in fabric covered button jewelry.
fabric button is handmade, with love, by Rachel O herself. The sweet
softness of fabric buttons accents any hairstyle. I like to think of my
jewelry as being tiny canvases, wear my art with pride!
button measures approx .5 inch wide, and is firmly attached to a quality
hair pin. You will receive one pair of hairpins as seen in the first
photo. The other photos are for hair and style reference as well as to
show what the back of the hairpin looks like.
Due to the handmade
nature of your hairpins, they will vary ever so slightly from the pair
in the photo, but will be equally awesome.
Check out my listings for other super(duper) hairpin designs.
Decorate your 'do with Rachel O's handmade fabric covered button bobbies!


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serverinfo --software
When used, this option reports the following if the Server.app can be found:
This system has server software installed.
Or if the software cannot be found, the following is indicated:
This system does NOT have server software installed.
The –productname option can be used to determine the name of the software app:
serverinfo --productname
If you change the name of the app from Server then the serverinfo won't work any longer, so the output should always be the following:
The –shortversion command returns the version of the Server app being used:
serverinfo --shortversion
The output will not indicate a build number, but instead the version of the app on the computer the command is run on:
To see the build, use the –buildversion option:
serverinfo --buildversion
The output shows the build of server, which doesn't necessarily match the OS X build number:
Just because the Server app has been downloaded doesn't mean the Server setup assistant has been run. To see if it has, use the –configured option:
serverinfo --configured
The output indicates whether the system is running as a server or just has the app installed (e.g. if you're using it to connect to another server:
This system has server software configured.
You can also output all of the information into a single, easy to script against property list using the –plist option:
serverinfo --plist
The output is a list of each of the other options used:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
The Server Root can reside in a number of places. To see the path (useful when scripting commands that are relative to the ServerRoot:
serverinfo --prefix
By default, the output is as follows:
You can also see whether the system is running on actual hardware desgnated by Apple for servers using the –hardware option:
serverinfo --hardware
The output simply indicates if the hardware shipped with OS X Server on it from Apple:
This system is NOT running on server hardware.
The –perfmode option indicates whether or not the performance mode has been enabled, dedicating resources to binaries within the Server app:
serverinfo --perfmode
If the performance mode has not been enabled then the output will be as such:
Server performance mode is NOT enabled.
To enable performance mode, you can also use serverinfo. This is the only task that the command does that can make any changes to the system and as such is the only time you need to elevate privileges:
sudo serverinfo --setperfmode 1
Finally, set the boolean value to 0 to disable.
sudo serverinfo --setperfmode 0


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This amazing painting is the master reproduction of "Church Steeple and Rooftops" by Edward Hopper. This painting is available in eight different sizes.
More paintings by Edward Hopper
Available Sizes:
1. 8x10 inches (20x25 cm)
2. 12x16 inches (30x40 cm)
3. 16x20 inches (40x50 cm)
4. 20x24 inches (50x60 cm)
5. 24x36 inches (60x90 cm)
6. 30x40 inches (75x100 cm)
7. 36x48 inches (90x120 cm)
8. 48x72 inches (120x180 cm)


text:
Gedeo Glazing Resin
by Pebeo
This glazing resin is ideal for scrapbooking, pictures, cards, "magnifying" effects on canvas and more. It gives dimension to flat surfaces. The resin forms to a rounded surface, as dictated by the surface on which it is applied. The dried product is hard and transparent, and will not yellow over time. Gedeo Glazing Resin may also prove an invaluable addition to your mixed media arsenal. Among other uses, small objects can be embedded and secured into one or more layers.
Ask a question about Gedeo Glazing Resin Ask a question about this product
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text:
The family of a 3-year-old Chicago girl called the "Dainty Warrior" by her parents for a painting hobby that has helped her deal with a rare form of cancer is preparing for another battle.
After failed chemotherapy, doctors have decided they'll need to remove Ania Moriarty's left eye on Thursday in order to save her life.
Ania suffers from retinoblastoma, a form of cancer that affects 300 children annually.
Her paintings have become a hit on the Internet, where a page has been set up to showcase her art.
The proceeds are being used to pay for some of the bills for her travel and care.
Ania is currently in Philadelphia to undergo the procedure.
Ania first took up painting when a newborn cousin became sick.


text:
A certain red-headed devil child we call Matt. But also, we've been mail renting lenses and high end gear we couldn't dream of affording from Borrowlenses.com.
We like the service a lot, and although we could keep this secret to ourselves, we figured we'd share this knowledge with you.
Their lenses helped with the iPad review photos, with a 50mm f1.2 Canon lens, and this liveblog using a 24-105 f4 Canon lens. [borrowlenses.com]


text:
Big Data Solutions
Harness all of the possibilities of big data to unlock your organisation's future in the idea economy.
Put Your Data to Work
Data is the most valuable currency in the idea economy, where success favours the businesses that get their ideas to market the fastest. Data-driven organisations achieve significant gains by implementing continuous improvement and predictive planning to improve customer satisfaction, quickly inform big decisions, eliminate waste and reduce risk.
Better Business Through Big Data
Make data tangible for your business using our innovative software, services and big data infrastructure solution. With HPE, you can establish holistic data strategies, unify legacy and new data, adapt to needs as they arise, and use relevant data pools to inform personalisation, forecasting and monetisation.
Leading Big Data Platforms and Innovation
For Value-Creating Infrastructure
HPE Moonshot, the ultra-converged workload powerhouse, applies processing at the smallest scale to make access instantaneous and processing highly efficient.
The HPE Apollo 4000 is purpose-built for big data, analytics and object storage. Focus on data with Hadoop-based data mining and NoSQL-based analytics. Implement object storage with petabyte-scale data volumes.
HPE ConvergedSystem for SAP HANA is workload-optimised to provide unparalleled agility and reliability for real-time business analytics and scalable, mission-critical SAP HANA.
HPE 3PAR StoreServ 20000 stores analysed data, addressing existing workload demands and future growth. Read about the HPE 3PAR converged SAN solution for consolidating storage and reducing cost-per-terabyte.
HPE ProLiant Servers feature a converged and balanced architecture in a dense and efficient chassis. Scale data linearly and limitlessly, while answering data centre challenges of space, energy and time with HPE Apollo big data solutions.
For a Roadmap to Growth
Partner with us to lower risk and decrease time to value. Get the most value out of your data from a complete "Big Data Balance Sheet" and a blueprint for maximising the impact of all the data that matters – machine, human and application.
We focus on storing, exploring, governing, protecting and serving information and insights that fundamentally improve the outcomes of your businesses, your people and the environment. We determine the right hardware solution and deploy that hardware anywhere in the world.
HPE Big Data Services operate over a worldwide footprint to manage data systems at every level in every corner of the world. We allow you to focus on your business growth, not on your infrastructure.
Our Data-driven Offerings
Big Data Hardware
Big Data Services and Support
Empower the Data-driven Organisation
In the idea economy, the first company to action insights changes the game. And, the faster the data – the faster the ideas.


text:
Ship Island Tours to Resume
LINK - Ship Island Tours will resume its service to the National Park Service island on April 14. Katrina flooded Fort Massachusetts and destroyed some of the island's facilities. The NPS requested about $15 million from Congress for repairs to the island. The peer in Gulfport and the boardwalk on Ship Island have already been rebuilt.


text:
What to Expect
Stereotactic Radiosurgery is typically performed as an outpatient procedure. While the actual treatment time is short, the preparation and planning process will take the majority of the day. Therefore, you should plan to spend the day at The Medical Center.
Step 1: Placement of the Head Frame
The first step in the process is the placement of a head frame. The purpose of the head frame is to guide the radiation beams to the precise location of the tumor. The frame is attached to your head with special pins to prevent your head from moving during the procedure.
Step 2: Diagnostic Imaging
After the head frame is attached, a CT scan is performed to show where the tumor is in relation to the head frame.
Step 3: Development of Treatment Plan
Next, the treatment plan is formulated. The neurosurgeon, radiation oncologist, physicist and dosimetrist use the CT scan as a guide to help determine the optimal treatment plan. Special computer software is used to determine the radiation dose and beam configuration. The goal is to irradiate the tumor while minimizing exposure to normal tissue surrounding the tumor.
This is a complex step in the process that requires two to five hours for completion. You will stay in a private room and be able to eat, watch TV or relax. Family and friends can join you during this time. The Nurse Practitioner will check in with you periodically.
Step 4: Treatment
The last step in the process is the treatment delivery. You will be taken to the treatment room where you will lie on the treatment table. A team member will explain what will happen during the treatment delivery so you understand what to expect. You will be monitored throughout the treatment via a camera and intercom, and you can communicate with the team as needed.
After your treatment, you will return to your private room for rest and observation. The head frame will be removed and bandaids will cover the front pin sites. Your physician will come speak to you, and after a period of observation, he will discharge you. The Nurse Practitioner will provide discharge education and instruction and a follow up appointment will be scheduled.
You will need a family member or friend to drive you home following the procedure. A responsible adult must stay with you for up to 24 hours following your treatment.


text:
Haven't done a great deal of research with any of these, but I can say that MochiKit's shell-like interpreter is mighty nifty.
Update: check the comments for additional options.
Tuesday, May 1, 2007
Scriptaculous/Prototype Alternatives
Posted by Giles Bowkett at 12:14 AM
4 comments:
You might also want to have a look at jQuery.ReplyDelete
UJS is a combination prototype extension (lowpro.js) and a rails plugin that converts the inline javascript out put by helpers like form_remote_tag into unobtrusive javascript calls. Lowpro adds Behavior-like abilities to Prototype. I highly recommend lowpro if you're using Prototype.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousMay 1, 2007 at 5:04:00 AM PDT
FYI: YUI can also be used in combination with prototype.ReplyDelete
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
I picked up The New York Times the other day and found these words in the first paragraph of a front page story in one of the paper's sections:
"A few times a week, he was suddenly hit with nostalgia for his previous home at the University of North Carolina: memories of old friends, Tar Heel basketball games, fried okra, the sweet smells of autumn in Chapel Hill."
These words are the lead in to a report on the serious study of nostalgia by Dr. Constantine Sedikides. Although a colleague thought that the nostalgia for Chapel Hill meant that he was depressed, Dr. Sedlikides thought it was a positive. "Nostalgia," he said, "made me feel that my life had roots and continuity. It made me feel good about myself and my relationships. It provided a texture to my life and gave me strength to move forward."
What made me feel good was that The New York Times was writing so positively about a North Carolina town and the memories it evoked and it was doing so without feeling any need to explain anything to its worldwide readers about what our town was and why it evokes such good memories. It just seemed to assume that its readers already know about the special and positive ambience of our community—something those of us who live here may, too often, take for granted.
Two days later the Times took a blow at the good feelings they had given me about our state and its university town. A Times editorial titled "The Decline of North Carolina" said, "State government has become a demolition derby, tearing down years of progress in public education, tax policy, racial equality in the courtroom and access to the ballot."
The Times noted the immediate cut-off of benefits to 70,000 unemployed, the upcoming loss to 100,000 more, and other sharp reductions in a state that "has the fifth-highest unemployment rate in the country."
After asserting that our state is making it harder for "future generations of workers to get jobs, cutting back sharply on spending for public schools," ranking now 46th in the country in per capita spending for our schools, the Times concluded, "North Carolina was once considered a beacon of farsightedness in the South, an exception in a region of poor education, intolerance and tightfistedness. In a few short months, Republicans have begun to dismantle a reputation that took years to build."
Unless things change in Raleigh, that positive nostalgia we feel for our towns and our state is going to have to be only for the way things used to be.
D.G. Martin hosts "North Carolina Bookwatch," which airs Sundays at noon and Thursdays at 5 p.m. on UNC-TV. For more information or to view prior programs visit the webpage at www.unctv.org/ncbookwatch.
This week's (July 14, 18) guest is Margaret Maron, author of "Three Day Town."
The program will also air at Wednesday July 17 at 11 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. on UNC-MX, a digital cable system channel (Time Warner #172 or #4.4). In addition, airing at 11:30 a.m. Wednesday on UNC-MX will be a classic Bookwatch program featuring Orrin Pilkey, author of "How to Read a North Carolina Beach."
A grant from the North Carolina Humanities Council provides crucial support for North Carolina Bookwatch.
Bestselling author Margaret Maron usually sets her popular Deborah Knott mystery novels in fictional Colleton County, east of Raleigh, where Knott grew up and now holds court. But in "Three Day Town," Judge Knott and her new husband travel to New York City for a winter holiday, and of course, a murder. Maron reintroduces Sigrid Harald, a New York detective who was the lead character in an earlier series of mystery novels. As Maron fans now know, Maron recently brought Sigrid down to Johnston (I mean Colleton!) County to help Judge Knott solve another North Carolina crime in her latest book, "The Buzzard Table."
Though Maron is proud of her entertaining mystery stories, she is unapologetic about her interest in public issues that face North Carolinians. Her books are set among the state's problems of race, migrant labor, politics, and unstructured growth. She explains, "The mystery novel is the peg upon which I hang my love and concerns for North Carolina as the state transitions from agriculture to high tech, from a largely rural countryside to one increasingly under assault by housing developments and chain stores."


text:
Lou Reed & Metallica Premiere Video for 'Lulu' Single 'The View'
We haven't heard a word from Lou Reed & Metallica in awhile — and just when we were starting to think we had heard from them for the last time out comes this from the "Loutallica" camp: the Darren Aronofsky-directed video for the first 'Lulu' single, 'The View.'
The clip, which had its world premiere this morning at 10 AM ET on the joint group's official website here and on IFC.com here, features live performance footage shot in grainy black-and-white film, with odd-angled close-ups and blurred-focus shots edited together with more standard-format footage to visually stunning effect.
For all the flack 'Lulu' has received, the 'View' is actually a pretty cool and high-energy video. Metallica head-bang their way through most of it, Reed delivers his obtusely perverted lead lyrics with a halo-like glow surrounding him and everybody actually seems to be having a damn good time doing their thing.
Aronofsky, who is perhaps best known for the Oscar-nominated films 'Black Swan' and 'The Wrestler,' has managed to do what seemed in certain circles almost impossible: he has captured "Loutallica" in a positive light. "The first time I heard 'The View' I was stunned," raves the director in a press release. "I had never heard anything like it. Half was all Lou. The other half all Metallica … It's so original and that's why I wanted to work on it."
Metallica's Lars Ulrich adds: "To have a song like 'The View' visualized through the eyes and magic touch of Darren Aronofsky is beyond my wildest dream. The marriage between images, music, and words in this video is indescribably thrilling and I am so next level psyched to be involved in a project that brings together the creative minds of Darren Aronofsky, Lou Reed … and The 'Tallica."
There, we admit it: we like this video. And yes, we are ready for the inevitable backlash against that bold statement. Go ahead and check it out below and then tell us what you think.


text:
Pancreatic cancer, a disease characterized by abnormal growth of cells in the pancreas, a 15-cm- (6-inch-) long gland located behind the stomach. The pancreas is primarily made up of two different tissues with separate functions: the exocrine pancreas, which secretes enzymes into the digestive tract, aiding the breakdown of fats and proteins, and the endocrine pancreas, which secretes glucagon and insulin into the bloodstream in order to control blood sugar levels. Ninety-five percent of pancreatic cancers develop from the exocrine pancreas. The remaining 5 percent are often called neuroendocrine tumours or islet-cell cancers; these develop from endocrine cells.
Symptoms and causes
As is the case with many cancers, symptoms of pancreatic cancer are shared with those of many other illnesses and often do not appear until the cancer has advanced to a late stage. Symptoms of pancreatic cancer include abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, problems with sugar metabolism, and difficulty digesting fatty foods. As a pancreatic tumour grows, it may block the common bile duct, which leads to a buildup of bilirubin in the blood and causes jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and eyes). Blockage of the bile duct may also cause the gallbladder to become enlarged.
The causes of pancreatic cancer vary and in many cases remain unknown. However, several factors have been identified that increase the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. The two most important of these factors are smoking, which is associated with about 30 percent of pancreatic tumours, and central obesity (accumulation of fat primarily around the abdomen), which can increase the risk of pancreatic cancer by as much as 70 percent in some postmenopausal women. In both men and women, central obesity is associated with increased levels of insulin and with disruption of normal endocrine and metabolic functions. However, the mechanism by which abnormally high insulin levels and dysfunctional metabolism in centrally obese individuals give rise to pancreatic cancer is unclear. A diet high in animal products, particularly animal fat, also increases cancer risk. Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain dyes, pesticides, and petroleum products, may increase the probability of developing pancreatic cancer as well.
Uncontrollable risk factors include age, sex—males are slightly more likely to develop cancers of the pancreas than are females—and illnesses such as diabetes mellitus and chronic pancreatitis. An estimated 10 percent of cases of pancreatic cancer are the result of inherited defects. Some of these cases arise in association with known genetic syndromes, such as Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, whereas others are associated with familial pancreatic cancer, which is generally defined as the occurrence of pancreatic cancer in at least one pair of first-degree relatives. Mutations in a gene designated PALLD (palladin, or cytoskeletal associated protein) have been linked to familial pancreatic cancer.
Islet-cell tumours
Tumours of the endocrine pancreas, which occur in the cells of the islets of Langerhans, are rare and are often classified as functional or nonfunctional tumours. Functional tumours are characterized by excess hormone secretion, whereas nonfunctional tumours, which are more common, do not secrete hormones. The most common functional tumour of the endocrine pancreas is an insulin-secreting tumour called an insulinoma, which is benign in about 90 percent of affected patients. In some cases, hypersecretion of insulin may be caused by diffuse hyperplasia (abnormal increase in cell number) of the islet cells or by a carcinoma (malignant tumour) of the islet cells. A small number of patients with hypersecretion of insulin have islet-cell hyperplasia or single or multiple insulin-secreting tumours (insulinomas) as part of a syndrome known as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1; characterized primarily by islet, parathyroid, and pituitary tumours). In addition, diffuse hyperplasia of beta cells, called nesidioblastosis, can cause hypoglycemia (abnormally low blood glucose levels) in infants.
A type of malignant tumour of the endocrine pancreas is the gastrin-secreting tumour called a gastrinoma. The gastrin stimulates the stomach to produce acid, and therefore ulcers of the stomach and duodenum are common. This disorder is known as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastrinomas may also originate in the stomach and duodenum. Gastrinomas are associated with MEN1 in some patients. A very rare type of tumour of the endocrine pancreas is the glucagon-secreting tumour called a glucagonoma. Glucagonomas cause a "diabetes-dermatitis syndrome" that is characterized by mild diabetes, anemia, and a red blistering rash that appears in one area of the body and then fades, only to reappear at a different site. These patients have very high serum glucagon concentrations but only mild type II diabetes. Other rare tumours of the islet cells include somatostatin-secreting tumours (somatostatinomas) and pancreatic polypeptide-secreting tumours. Tumours of the endocrine pancreas are difficult to diagnose because findings are nonspecific and may include diabetes, gallstones, excessive fat in the stool, indigestion, and diminished secretion of gastric acid. In addition, islet-cell tumours may also produce "ectopic" hormones, meaning that the tumour secretes a hormone that is not normally secreted by the tissue in which the tumour occurs.
Diagnosis and prognosis
Blood tests that assess various pancreatic and liver functions may suggest pancreatic cancer. If cancer is suspected, a needle biopsy or an endoscopy procedure is usually conducted to examine pancreatic cells or the pancreas itself for signs of cancer. However, these procedures are invasive and are associated with an increased risk for serious complications, including pancreatitis. In order to make a correct diagnosis and to determine the stage of the cancer, multiple imaging techniques may be employed that allow doctors to see the pancreas despite its location deep within the abdominal cavity. Imaging techniques commonly used include computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and different types of ultrasound, including transabdominal ultrasound (imaging performed on the external surface of the abdomen) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS; ultrasound device sent through an endoscope to take images of internal tissues). Various techniques that combine contrast agents (dyes) with X-ray imaging are also used to determine whether the bile duct or other ducts within the pancreas are blocked. One example is called percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), in which a needle is used to inject a dye directly into the liver, followed by X-ray imaging. Other X-ray imaging techniques include angiography, in which X-rays are used to view blood vessels to determine if the cancer has spread through the walls of the vessels feeding into the pancreas.
Because early detection of pancreatic cancer is critical for patient survival, research is becoming increasingly focused on specific markers (subtle, identifiable cellular changes) that are detectable in precancerous pancreatic lesions. One method of early detection employs special light-scattering spectroscopy techniques in combination with existing endoscope technology. This light-scattering imaging technology is extremely sensitive and is aimed at detecting specific markers in cells in the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum) that are indicative of very early precancerous pancreatic lesions. It is also much less invasive than needle biopsy and traditional endoscopy procedures for pancreatic lesion detection because doctors need only examine an easily accessible region in the small intestine.
Once pancreatic cancer has been diagnosed, its stage is then determined on the basis of how far the cancer has progressed. Stage I cancers are confined to the pancreas and have not spread to nearby lymph nodes. Stage II cancers have spread locally to the bile duct or small intestine but have not reached the lymph nodes, whereas stage III tumours have reached these nodes. Stage IV cancers have spread to other organs such as the lungs, liver, spleen, or colon.
The survival rate of persons with pancreatic cancer is lower than that seen with many other cancers because the symptoms of pancreatic cancer often do not become obvious until the later stages of the disease. The average five-year survival rate from all stages of pancreatic cancer is extremely low, as is the one-year survival rate. However, survival rates are higher for patients who have their cancer diagnosed early in the course of the disease.
Surgery can be used to treat pancreatic cancer, but, given the poor prognosis of the disease and the unusually high number of complications associated with pancreatic surgery, it is usually reserved for cases in which there is a reasonable possibility of curing the disease. If the cancer is considered to be incurable, major surgery is done mainly to relieve symptoms or digestive problems. Islet-cell tumours are often localized to the tail of the pancreas, and a distal pancreatectomy may be conducted to remove this portion of the pancreas along with the spleen.
Exocrine cancers are often treated with the Whipple procedure, a complicated surgical approach that removes all or part of the pancreas and nearby lymph nodes, the gallbladder, and portions of the stomach, small intestine, and bile duct. Serious complications often arise following this procedure, which requires an extensive hospital stay and considerable experience on the part of the surgeon. Other exocrine tumours are sometimes treated by complete removal of the pancreas (total pancreatectomy). Surgery can also be used to relieve complications of pancreatic cancers, such as obstruction of the bile duct. The bile duct may be redirected around the tumour, or a tube may be placed in the bile duct to keep it open.
Radiation therapy is sometimes used in conjunction with surgery—often prior to surgery to reduce a tumour to a more manageable size but also after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells. The position of the pancreas in the abdominal cavity makes it a difficult target for focused radiotherapy, but a procedure using radiotherapy simultaneously with surgery permits the surgeon to focus radiation directly onto the pancreas by moving obstructing organs aside. Side effects of this radiation therapy may include vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and skin irritations resembling a sunburn.
Chemotherapy is generally used when pancreatic cancers have spread to distant organs and may be required so that as many cancer cells as possible can be sought out and destroyed. Endocrine or islet-cell tumours may be treated with hormone therapy, in which specific hormones are used to stop or slow the growth of the cancer in the endocrine cells. Targeted drug therapies that block cellular processes driving cancer-cell proliferation have been used in combination with chemotherapy in some pancreatic cancer patients. For example, a drug called erlotinib (Tarceva) blocks the activity of a kinase (a type of enzyme) associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which stimulates unregulated cell division when mutated in cancer cells. When erlotinib is given in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine (Gemzar), an antimetabolite that inhibits the synthesis of genetic material in dividing cells, patient survival is improved, although only modestly. Several other targeted drugs such as cetuximab (Erbitux), a monoclonal antibody that binds to EGFR and thus prevents kinase activation and cell division, are being developed and tested in clinical trials for pancreatic cancer.
In most cases, pancreatic cancer cannot be completely prevented, but risk can be decreased by reducing or eliminating cigarette smoking and following a diet low in animal products and high in fruits and vegetables. Researchers are also investigating anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents that inhibit an enzyme called cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Because COX-2 plays a role in inflammation and mediates tumour growth and development, it is a valuable target for the development of drugs used in the prevention and treatment of several cancers, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. In people at risk for familial pancreatic cancer, routine endoscopy can be used to monitor changes in pancreatic tissue. If tissue abnormalities arise, the pancreas can be removed before cancer develops.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
digestive system disease: CancerPancreatic cancer arises primarily from the ductal system of the pancreas. The incidence of pancreatic cancer has increased slightly (somewhat more in men than in women) and now exceeds cancer of the stomach. Risk factors include age, race, gender, a diet high in fat, smoking,…
Pancreas, compound gland that discharges digestive enzymes into the gut and secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon, vital in carbohydrate (sugar) metabolism, into the bloodstream.…
human endocrine system
Human endocrine system, group of ductless glands that regulate body processes by secreting chemical substances called hormones. Hormones act on nearby tissues or are carried in the bloodstream to act on specific target organs and distant tissues. Diseases of the endocrine system can result from the oversecretion or undersecretion of…
Glucagon, a pancreatic hormone produced by cells in the islets of Langerhans. Glucagon is a 29-amino-acid peptide that is produced specifically by the alpha cells of the islets. It has a high degree of similarity with several glucagon-like peptides that are secreted by cells scattered throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Glucagon secretion…
More About Pancreatic cancer1 reference found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- cause, symptoms and treatment


text:
Over Felah - Enkum Project
Felah – Enkum Project is a "Progressive-Flamenco" group from the city of Torreon, Mexico. The band's music is comprised of original compositions that create a characteristic sound originated from the fusion of the diverse musical genres that range from flamenco, to tango, jazz, rock, classical, progressive and experimental.
Felah-Enkum Project originated on 2012 with Jorge de Llano (Lead guitar / Rhytmic guitar), who experimented back then with new sounds integrated to flamenco and started to make small compositions and/or musical experiments that fused together flamenco with rock/ progressive metal. This is the origin of the innovative and peculiar sound that characterizes the music of Felah-Enkum Project.
In 2013, Felah-Enkum Project's first homonymous album was released under Premier Records Inc, a record label from Los Angeles, CA with whom the band signed a contract on October, 2013.
The music of Felah-Enkum Project has been critically acclaimed and accepted worldwide, primarily in Europe and in Asia, being these continents their main sales points, as well.
At the beginning of 2014, the group started promoting their first album with a small tour around the country (Mexico) along with Kenichi Tamura, a flamenco guitarist from Japan.
The following months the band's surroundings and lineup underwent diverse changes, such as the departure of Hernán Lugo (Former percussionist) and Carlos Quintero (Former rhythmic guitarist), who decided to leave Felah-Enkum for personal reasons and were replaced by Gerardo Raigoza (Present Percussionist) and Javier Aguilera, who will be the rhytmic guitarist from January, 2015. Furthermore, the band signed with Star One Entertainment, a new record label through whom the debut album can be purchased.
The band is currently working on their second album and will play in Japan on December, 2014 and some European countries over the course of 2015.


text:
A Tribute to
ELVIS & BUDDY The Dream Concert
Monday. May 10
7.00 p.m.
Bethel College
Robertson Fieldhouse
an athletic benefit concert $3.00
George Henry, coordinator of athletics, explains how the new PE
component fee is aimed at encouraging class attendance (photo
by Don Copeland).
the Clarion. Vol. 57 No. 28 Bethel College, 3900 Bethel Dr., St. Paul, MN 7 May 1982
$40 graduation fee
goes for expenses
Bethel Concert Band goes
`Westward Ho, Ho, Ho'
by Janice Woodard
Besides fulfilling all aca-demic
requirements for
graduation, seniors must
also pay a $40 graduation
According to Marilyn
Starr, dean of women,
there will be approximate-ly
400 students graduat-ing
this year. This totals
$16,000 brought in from
the graduation fees. What
is this money used for?
According to Starr, the
money is used to cover the
expenses of baccalaureate
and commencement. None
of the money is used for
the alumni dinner.
Students will not re-ceive
their diplomas or
transcripts until their en-tire
bill is paid, including
the graduation fee.
Other expenses for grad-uates
include $1.25 for the
tassel, $2.25 for the gold
by JoAnn Watkins
A Tribute to Elvis and
Buddy" benefit concert is
being sponsored by the
athletic department on
Monday, May 10. The con-honor
cord (for honor stu-dents
only), and an addi-tional
cost for extra an-nouncements
if desired.
Any extra expenses not
covered by the $40 fee are
carried over to next year's
budget, according to Starr.
The graduation fees pay
for the following items or
services: cap and gown
rental, purchase of diplo-mas,
10 announcements
per graduate, graduate
parent reception after
commencement, programs
printed for graduation,
speaker (if off-campus),
printing cost of tickets,
audio-visual (closed cir-cuit
TV, sound system),
maintenance and custodial
work, parking attendants,
building security, set-up
crew (backdrop, platform,
ramps, chairs and clean-up),
cost of backdrop (done
by a senior art major), and
the flowers on the plat-form.
cert, scheduled for 7 p.m.
in the Robertson Field-house,
will be a tribute to
y nd Buddy
premier per-the
Palke, assistant professor
in physical education,
"Dave Broza, who will ap-pear
as Elvis, has received
acclaim throughout Min-nesota
for his impersona-tion
of the King of Rock
and Roll." Palke said that
Mary Hadenfeldt, who
will appear as Holly, is
thought by many to be the
closest thing to Buddy Hol-ly.
Tickets, $2.50 in ad-vance,
may be purchased
from athletes and mem-bers
of the athletic depart-ment.
At the door, tickets
are $3. Proceeds will go
toward covering the cost
of travel expenses for the
athletic teams.
Bethel students will be
performing background
music for the concert.
"Most of the people involv-ed
are from the original
Priest and the Scribes,"
said John Priestly, who is
arranging the concert.
(The Priest and the
Scribes was popular on
the Bethel campus during
the 70s.) Priestly said they
will be performing the hits
of these performers. "Rock
and roll is what it is," said
"Westward Ho, Ho, Ho"
is the theme for the Bethel
College Concert Band's
pops concert on Saturday,
May 8 at 8:00 p.m. in the
gym. The concert will fea-ture
compositions remin-iscent
of the Wild West,
comedy skits and blue-grass
Ployhar's colorful "Sa-ga
of Western America"
will be a major part of the
concert, taking the audi-ence
on a journey through
the Old West, to such
places as the Colorado
Trail and Shenandoah Val-ley.
Joining the band on
this piece will be the cho-semester
five or six skills
classes are cancelled be-cause
of low enrollment.
This requires adjustments
in teaching and gym sched-ules.
Henry said the fee
has been planned for some
Every physical educa-tion
component will have
a $15 fee. The fee for some
classes is higher because
of equipment or transpor-tation
required for class.
The fee will also be charg-rus
and narrator.
Also on the program are
"Prairie Legend" by Sieg-meister,
"The American
Suite" by Holcombe,
"Country and Western" by
Walters, "Tom Sawyer's
Saturday" by Dankworth,
and "Trombone Country"
by Christensen, which fea-tures
the 7-member trom-bone
The concert will be un-der
the direction of Charles
B. Olson, associate profes-sor
of . music. Tickets are
$3 for adults, $2 for stu-dents
and may be obtained
at the door or from band
ed to students testing out
of a class or to those who
want to receive credit for
their participation on an
athletic team.
For most people the
charge will be under $30 a
year for four years at Beth-el.
"PE majors will be
hurt the most. They have a
requirement of 17 activity
classes," commented
SS committee
chooses new
CC committee
by Jan E. Johnson
"I think this is a really
good chance for the Cam-pus
Coordinators to ex-pand,"
said Mary Schwab,
the music and program
coordinator for next year's
new CC committee.
Schwab, along with five
other committee members,
will be working with Les-lie
Schirm and Tom Per-sico,
next year's Campus
As music and program
coordinator, Schwab will
be in charge of the musi-cians
and singers the CC
offices engages for ap-pearances
at Bethel. She
will also be in charge of
the program for such
events as Nik Dag, which
see page 2
by JoAnn Watkins
A $15 non-refundable
fee will be charged, per
PE component.
George Henry, coordina-tor
of athletics, said the
fee is being used as a deter-ment.
"So many students
sign up for the classes and
then don't show up," Hen-ry
said. The fee is a penal-ty
for not showing up for a
Henry said that each
Ac co rdi ng to George
Benefit to rock fieldhouse
Fees charged for PE credits
Volume 57, Number 28
7 May 1982
Bethel College, St. Paul, MN
The Clarion is published weekly by the students
of Bethel College. Editorial opinions are the sole
responsibility of the Clarion staff. Letters are wel-come.
and must be signed and delivered in P 0
2381 by the Sunday before publication
Leann M. Kicker, editor
JoAnn Watkins, associate editor
Wendy Norberg, sports editor
Don Copeland, photography editor
Ginger Hope, copy editor
Pam Sundeen, business manager
Anita Baerg, editorial assistant
Janice Woodard, editorial assistant
Jan E. Johnson, editorial assistant
Beth Nystrom, graphics editor
Timothy Larson, cartoonist
Kraig Klaudt, columnist
Wendi Engel, staff writer
John Lilleberg, sports writer
Rich Whybrew, sports writer
John Clark, sports writer
1750 West Larpenteur Avenue
Saint Paul, Minnesota 55113
Est. 1906
Roxatra "in&
STORE and GREENHOUSES
Retail 646-7135
Page 2
Christianity requires
a sense of humor
°'`e!1::pYsstr Senate reviews price
use in Food Service
by Anita Baerg
Dear editor:
I got my first look at the
notorious Churchill-Brush-aber
ad this week. It was
unceremoniously tacked
to the Beef Board amid
some rather predictable
gripes. Its critics obvious-ly
missed the point. Some-one
decried three-piece
suits and gold watch
chains as symbols of ma-terialism.
The coup de
grace was the explosive,
"Bethel teaches its stu-dents
everything but how
to love Jesus Christ!"
My goodness. What an
innocent advertisement to
evoke such acidity. Final-ly
a break from the usual
seminary bells and Lake
Valentine shots, and this
is the reaction. After four
years at Bethel, I should
be accustomed to this col-legiate
tendency to over-dramatize.
But it's disap-pointing.
My advice: loosen up.
Christianity needn't suf-focate
your sense of hu-mor.
(And, by the way,
Dean Brushaber does pro-mise
blood, sweat, and
tears to students willing
to take on the challenge. If
you doubt it, sign yourself
up for Milton, Calculus,
and Chemistry next year.)
Shelly Nielsen Barsuhn,
"Over 2000 pieces of sil-verware
have disap-peared,"
said Wayne
Erickson, manager of Food
Service, "and it costs be-tween
$3 and $4 per dozen
for replacement. It will
cost between $600 and
$700 to replace the silver-ware
lost this year."
The Food Service in-crease
of 10 per cent last
week was a major topic at
the Student Senate meet-ing
Monday. Erickson
said, "The point of the in-crease
was to make people
aware of the problem of
theft, and to get people to
address the problem."
"What bothered me was
the campus reaction of try-ing
to defend the loss of sil-verware,"
said Erickson.
He was concerned with the
letter posted that incor-rectly
quoted only part of
the figures of the food ser-vice
costs. "Our records
are always open to people
who want to look at them,"
he said.
Student organizations
were reminded again to
turn in a report of budget
expenditures to the Senate
by May 10.
The alternative menu
option for the All-School
Banquet has been dropped
for this year, as the option
of contributing the savings
to a needy organization
could not be implemented
this year.
The Skona Maj cal-endar
in the April 30
issue incorrectly listed
Nancy Dubert instead
of Judi Carlsen as a
senior artist whose
work was included in
the current art show.
Carlsen, not Dubert,
should have been list-
, ed.
"YOUR FARM MitkES SOME VALID POPS
D"(4LAS 1 Mir (0Crr tMro You
Final Examination Schedule
May 17-20
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
CC, from page
means writing up the pro-gram
and getting people
involved. "The emphasis
next year will be to in-volve
more people with
the CC office," Schwab
Lynn Christiansen, the
special events coordina-tor,
said, "It's going to be a
challenge, and I want to be
open to suggestions from
people." As special events
coordinator Christiansen
will be in charge of events
like movies in the gym and
Western Night. She will
order the movies, make
arrangements with the
Food Service for any spe-cial
dinners, and try to
come up with ideas for
special events. One of her
goals for next year is to try
to involve those who live
in the apartments more in
more on-campus activi-ties.
Mark Boyer will be
working on the technical
side of all events. Said
Boyer, "I'm the person who
figures out the physical
aspects... like how many
chairs we'll need for an
event, and who'll put them
up and take them down."
Lighting, sound, etc. will
Flowers for your Wedding
'Specializing in wedding floral
'Familiar with area BGC churches
'Owned & operated by Bethel grads
Located at corner of 1200 Cattier
Maryland & Gather St. Paul
fall under Boyer's super-vision.
Martin Stanchfield and
Lynn Anderson will work
with graphics and layout,
which entails designing
publicity posters for CC
events, PO stuffings, CC
calenders, etc. Collin Barr
will be working as the
business and finance co-ordinator.
oops ...
Steve Goodwin and
Steve Lemon were incor-rectly
attributed in the
April 23 issue of the
Clarion. Steve Goodwin,
left, is the president, and
Steve Lemon, right, is
the vice-president.
no comment.
photos by Don Copeland
John W. Ivance Company
Since 1946
1618 Pioneer Bldg. _
John W. Ivance, Sr.
John W. Ivance, Jr.
John G. Chisholm
Russel K. Akre
John R. Chisholm
Gary Underwood
' Business
St. Paul, MN 55101
streetcars 31 Fish eggs 47 Ordinance
22 Clerical collar 33 Declare 48 Mature
24 Abases 37 Wine cup 49 Negative
25 Tipster 38 Mine excava- 50 Man's nick-
26 Of the moon tions name
27 Composition 42 Thus 52 Time period
29 Lion's 45 Girl's name 53 Write
"pride" 46 Jog 55 Sun god
, •• • • 0d'0i •• •• •• • • • • • • • • •
• .2 ,g .0 --.ru ••
• ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Fashion Always at Prices
You Can Afford
Wayzata Bay Center *Knollwood Mall
(Wayzata) (St. Louis Park)
Penn 66 Center Midland Center
(Richfield) (New Hope)
*Apple Valley Square *Midway Center
(Apple Valley)
(St. Paul)
*Southtown *Valley Creek Mall
Holly Center Prairie Village Mall
(Fridley) (Eden Prairie)
Mon. thru Fri. 10-9/Sat. 10-6/*Sun. 12-5
More borrowers eligible for PLUS loan
Final regulations for the
PLUS loan program were
announced today by the
U.S. Department of Educa-tion.
Under the program au-thorized
in the Education
Amendments of 1980, par-ents
of dependent under-graduate
students may
borrow for educational
purposes. The Reconcilia-tion
Act of 1981 expanded
the definition of "eligible
borrower" to include un-dergraduate
and graduate
students who are indepen-dent
of their parents.
According to regula-tions
in the Federal Regis-ter
today, parents may bor-row
up to $3,000 a year to
a cumulative total of
$15,000 for each depen-dent
undergraduate stu-dent
in the family. The
loans to parents are in ad-dition
to any amount the
student may borrow un-der
the Guaranteed Stu-dent
Loan Program (GSL).
(The maximum GSL for
undergraduate study is
$2,500 a year to a cumula-tive
total of $12,500).
Annual and cumulative
PLUS loan amounts for
graduate students are the
same as for parents. Addi-tionally,
however, grad-uate
students may borrow
up to $5,000 a year to a
cumulative total of
$25,000 under the GSLP.
The independent under-graduate
student's PLUS
loan and GSL combined
may not exceed $2,500 a
year or a cumulative total
of $12,500.
Interest on PLUS loans
is set at 14 per cent. How-ever,
if 91-day treasury
bill rates drop below 14
percent for a 12-month per-iod,
the PLUS interest rate
will drop to 12 per cent.
Parents must begin pay-ing
both principal and in-terest
within 60 days after
the funds have been dis-bursed.
While students en-rolled
full-time are not re-quired
to make principal
payments until they leave
school, they must pay in-terest
from the time the
loan is made.
Unlike the GSLP, PLUS
borrowers do not undergo
need analysis to deter-mine
eligibility for a loan.
In most other respects,
rules governing the GSLP
apply to PLUS. For exam-ple,
the loan debt will be
cancelled in the event of
the borrower's death, or
total permanent disability
or for bankruptcy. The
PLUS borrower may defer
principal payments for au-thorized
purposes (e.g. for
up to 3 years while serv-ing
in .the military). How-ever,
he or she must pay
interest that accrues dur-ing
the deferment period.
When the parents are co-makers
of a loan, both par-ties
must qualify for pro-gram
benefits, such as can-cellation
or deferment.
PLUS is not an acronym
but a term used to denote a
loan in addition to a GSL.
Loan principal, provided
primarily by the private
lending community, is
guaranteed by state and
private nonprofit guaran-tee
agencies which are re-insured
by the Federal
Government. Currently,
the loans are available in
23 states and are expected
to be available in all
states by the beginning of
the 1982-83 school year.
ACROSS 3 Young sheep
1 The sun 4 Stir
4 Lessen 5 Colorful
9 Ogle winged Insect
12 Man's name 6 Danish land
13 Report division: Pl.
14 Man's nick- 7 Also
name 8 Tuetonic
15 Scottish cap deity
16 Man's name 9 Guido's high
17 Partner note
18 Boxing 10 Still
matches 11 Female .
20 Pronoun sheep
21 Editor's abbr. 17 Apportioned
23 Compass pt. 19 Bone
24 Courage 20 Males
28 Male sheep 21 English
30 Mistaken
32 Arabian gar-ments
34 Preposition
35 May flies
36 Short capes
39 Chinese
40 Vaporous
41 Possessive
43 Railway
44 Tantalum
45 In action
47 Path
50 Cut
51 Corded cloth
54 Time gone by
55 Hindu queen
56 Native metal
57 Damp
58 Collect
59 Make Into
1 Pose
2 Mouths
Bethany Baptist Church
Cleveland and Skillman Avenues, Roseville, Mn
Worship Service at 11:00 AM
Sunday School at 9:30 AM (Special College-age)
Evening Service at 6:00 PM
Church Telephone 631-0211
Pastor Bruce Peterson
• • f •
• lb • • • • •
y ham!
Piety and innocence continue to be overrun by the prance of highfalutin academists.
Slowly by slowly communion is ostracized and pomposity exulted.
Unbending towers evolve while the sophisticated genteel sprawl atop their hallowed
Though commissioned by sincerity these structures remain incessantly vulnerable to
deified annihilation.
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Page 6
McGrath calls students to unite against financial aid cuts Editor's note
Earl J. McGrath is currently
president of the University of
Minnesota. Concerned with fi-nancial
aid cuts from federal
and state levels, he has written
the following letter to moti-vate
college and university
students to preserve present
aid programs.
A letter to college and
university students:
If the proposed cuts in
the federal budget in scho-larship
and loan funds for
college and university stu-dents
are enacted into law,
the youth of American
will be severely hurt.
Many in the lower income
families will be prevented
from attending any insti-tution
of higher education.
Even among middle class
families, expecially those
with several children, the
financial burden will be
too heavy to bear. The
contention that the states
and private philanthropy
will provide the funds to
replace federal aid is total-ly
misleading. Some states
are already considering
similar retrenchments. No
matter how generous pri-vate
agencies and individ-ual
contributors may be,
their resources are inade-quate
to offset the reduc-tions
in federal aid. It is
deceptive, therefore, to
proclaim that either alter-native
source will make
up the losses.
The resulting education-al
privation imposed by
the proposed cuts will
have three unAmerican
consequences. First, it will
reverse a public policy go-ing
back to the early days
of the Republic that sound
government and the well-being
of citizens are best
assured by extending the
advantages of education
to all. The prospect of a
deep cut in student assist-ance
can only be unset-tling
to those who genuine-ly
believe in our tradition-al
doctrine of equality of
opportunity. It will de-prive
many youth of the
right to develop their abil-ities
to the fullest.
Second, the consequent
loss or diminution of cul-tivated
abilities and skills
will commensurately dis-advantage
our society.
The talents of many who
have the potential to make
large contributions to the
general good will remain
undeveloped. In this age,
and in the years ahead,
when the demands of per-sonal
and civic life in-crease
at an ever-increas-ing
speed, limitation of ed-ucational
could attenuate the qual-ity
of our national life.
Hence, both prudent pub-lic
policy and personal
rights require that the pro-posed
reductions in aid to
college and university be
rejected by the legislative
branches of both the na-tional
and state govern-ments.
Third, the unavailabil-ity
of financial assistance,
because of wide differen-ces
in tuition fees, will
force many students to at-tend
a tax supported learn-ing
center rather than an
institution sustained by
private philanthropy. The
long term result of this
practice will be the clos-ing
of many of the colleges
which have served our so-ciety
well for several hun-dred
years. Even though
the students' educations
may be of the same qual-ity,
under a largely tax
supported system the end
result will be the dissolu-tion
of our dual system
which has been one of its
most distinctive and stron-gest
features. Actions of
the government at any lev-el
ought to be calculated to
strengthen, not weaken,
the most unique feature of
our traditional system of
higher education.
A desirable reversal of
presently planned reduc-tions
in aid will not occur
unless students them
elves become politically
active before the end of
the current academic year.
In contemplating such ac-tion,
students should be
aware that the executive
branch of the government
can neither make nor deny
the needed appropria-tions.
The legislative
branch has this reponsi-bility,
and a large percen-tage
of legislators at both
the national and state lev-els
must stand for election
in the fall of 1982. No time
is to be lost if students
wish to be politically effec-tive
in restoring proposed
cuts in aid. In contemplat-ing
action, they should
keep several facts of polit-ical
life in the forefront of
their thinking. First, of the
over 12,000,000 students
in institutions of higher
education, almost all are
of voting age. If therefore,
they form a united front in
presenting the case for con-tinued
financial aid, they
can constitute the balance
of power in enough voting
districts to assure the elec-tion
of a majority of repre-sentatives
who favor their
cause, both at the federal
and state levels. In these
activities, they ought to
disregard party affilia-tion.
To be effective, they
must inquire of all candi-dates
for office, regardless
of party, specifically how
they stand on the relevant
issues and what kinds of
legislation they will sup-port
to sustain programs
of financial aid.
The delegations of stu-dents
which visited the
Capitol on March 1, 1982,
presenting the case for a
continuance of student
aid, were generally well
received by their represen-tatives
in Congress. "On
the hill", however, large
numbers of voters, either
by their physical presence
or communications from
groups of persons who fa-vor
particular legislation
can be most telling in gain-ing
action in the present
and in future Congresses
of state houses.
A depressing feature of
the 1980 elections was the
failure of many of those in
the recently enfranchised
18 to 21 year-old citizens
to vote. In some districts,
only one out of four or five
cast a ballot. Many of
these non-voters were col-lege
students. In the elec-tion
of 1982, the very basis
of the opportunity for high-er
education for many will
be undermined if those
elected support the pre-sent
drastic reductions in
the educational categories
of the budgets. To assure
that this will not happen,
students will have to learn
unmistakably how candi-dates
in their -districts
stand and then vote ac-cordingly.
The exercise of the fran-chise
is. the basis of our
democratic system. One of
the mosf disillusioning ex-periences
I had as the U.S.
Commissioner of Educa-tion
stemmed from a corn-ment
often made, even by
educated people, who
were complaining about
some policy of the govern-ment.
They often said, at
the end of their criticism,
"But what can I, as one
individual, do about it?" If
students take such a futile
and cynical attitude, they
will lose the needed finan-cial
help in their efforts to
gain a higher education.
They will, at the same
time, contibute to the fur-ther
erosion of the demo-cratic
process. They
should not allow the accu-sation
they are lobbying
to weaken their resolve.
Washington and the state
capitols are overrun by
lobbyist of all kinds of
causes. Many of them are
acting in the public in-terest.
Some, on the con-trary,
seek legislative ac-tion
either for or against
proposed bills primarily
for selfish benefits. Un-questionably,
public finan-cial
assistance for stu-dents
will enrich the qual-ity
of the recipients' per-sonal
lives. Its overriding
justification, however,
will be the enhancement
of our common life and the
preservation of our
strength as a nation.
If their efforts are to be
of any consequence in the
next academic year, stu-dents
will have to take
action now. As they go
about this socially produc-tive
political process, they
will have the support of
millions of their fellow citi-zens
who, having them-selves
had the advantage
of a higher education, real-ize
the need to assure the
same opportunity for
those in whose hands the
future of the nation rests.
Earl J. McGrath
Former U.S.
Commissioner of
puzzle answer, from page 3
Cod CCCUC CU
UC CUCo U
L. Center
Manuscripts, Letters,
Reports, Resumes
Phone: Address:
483-6282 1006 Mercury Dr.
St. Paul, MN 55112
• a
David Johnson and Wendy Norberg were voted the 1982 "Athletes of the Year." This year's
election was done with a slightly different format than has been used previously. Each
Bethel coach and the faculty of the athletic department was asked to nominate two male and
two female athletes they deemed worthy of the award. The results of this poll were compiled
and the resulting list was circulated to the coaches. The result of their vote was overwhelm-ingly
in favor of the people selected for the award.
The Clarion staff would like to congratulate the winners. Honorable mention goes to the fol-lowing
athletes who also received votes: Bo Cedersjo, Bob Giddings, Sheila Droon, Andre
LaBerge, Andy Larson and Cheryl Madson.
Page 7
Johnson picked as top male athlete...
by John Clark
When David Johnson
pauses sometime in the
future and looks back at
his hockey career, the first
thing that comes to mind
probably won't be the
awards he has accumu-lated
this year.
The list is certainly
long—the all-time, leading
scorer at Bethel, most val-uable
Royal in 1982, All-
MIAC, All-American and
now the Bethel Athlete of
the Year for the men.
Yet Johnson prefers to
reflect on the other things
that have made his time at
Bethel a "productive" and
worthwhile time."
"Those things (the
awards) are more easily
communicated to others
than that I met some really
neat people," said Johnson.
"The awards aren't what
stands out about the sea-son."
It is still hard to look at
Johnson and not think of
his hockey-playing skills.
Johnson was the main cog
in Bethel's 15-15 season
that concluded with a
fifth-place finish at the na-tional
tournament. In the
season prior to 1982 the
Royals skated away with
only three wins.
"Coming into this year,
as in previous years, we
had optimism and hopes,
but in the past the hopes
were never actualized,"
said Johnson as he reflect-ed
on the season. "The sig-nificant
difference this
year is that we attained
more concrete goals. Those
don't make the year any
better but they're nice."
"But even if we finished
5 and 25 and no persons
were singled out for
awards I still feel that this
was far and away my best
year here," Johnson quick-ly
added. "There were the
teammates I got know, the
relationships that were
made and the spiritual
growth that occurred on
the hockey team."
When it came to choos-ing
the moment that stands
out in his mind about this
season. Johnson remember-ed
when his career at Beth-el
had come to an end.
"The scene after the last
game of the year, when we
beat Wisconsin-Superior
for the consolation cham-pionship,
was emotional
for me," he said. "I realized
that my super-competitive
days were over. It was
kind of sad."
It was probably a sad
time for others who had
witnessed Johnson's four
years at Bethel as well.
track, from page 8
Jorgenson, Don Hauser,
and Jay VanLoon.
Plocker took first in the
800 meters and ran 1:55.6
to blaze a new stadium
record. Bethel's sixth first
place was a 45'3" stadium
record in the triple jump
turned in by Engebretsen.
Teammate Mark Murphy
also jumped to a third-place
finish, making the
triple jump the highest scor-ing
event of the day for the
Royals. Doug Lewis vault-ed
to second place in the
pole vault and Roger Sul-livan
took third in the
javelin, scoring the rest of
the points for Bethel.
Personal bests were set
by John Skelly in the 800,
Mike Deneen in the 1500,
Paul Kummer in the 5000,
and by Paige Brumley and
Cullen Barr in the 200
meter dash.
Coach Steve Whittaker
said "It was a great day for
us and it looks like we're
ready to peak for confer-ence."
The MIAC confer-ence
meet is being sched-uled
today and tomorrow
(May 7-8) at Macalester
events calendar
Friday, May 7
WTEN—State meet at St. Thomas
MTR and WTR—MIAC meet, Macalester
CC—Rollerskating, Saints 12-2 a.m.
Saturday, May 8
Aerobic Salabrate, Coffee Shop, 12 p.m.
BB—Macalester, Home, 12 p.m.
WTEN—State meet, Macalester
MTR and WTR—MIAC meet, Macalester
Concert Band Pops Concert, Gym, 8 p.m.
ISA—Study Break Picnic, Como Park,
bus at 1:45
Sunday, May 9
Male Chorus Concert, Elim Baptist, Mpls.,
6 p.m.
Catacombs, Student Activity Center, 8 p.m.
Monday, May 10
Chapel—Senior Share
Rasberry Monday, Art Exhibition May 10-23
Senate Meeting, AC324, 5:15 p.m.
Elvis and Buddy, The Dream Concert, Gym,
7 p.m.
Students for Cultural Awareness, FA209,
9 p.m.
Tuesday, May 11
Chapel���Jazz Ensemble
BB—UM Morris, Away, 2 p.m.
WTEN—Concordia, St. Paul, Home, 3 p.m.
Wednesday, May 12
Chapel—to be announced
Thursday, May 13
Chapel—SMP Commissioning
Artichoke Thursday, Art Courtyard,
3:30 p.m.
Friday, May 14
Last day of classes
Chapel—Pastor Spickelmier
WTEN—Regional at St. Olaf
Saturday, May 15
Inter Varsity Car Wash, Nelson Dorm fire
lane, 10 a.m.-4 p.m.
MTR—Meet of Champions, U of Minnesota
WTEN—regionals at St. Olaf
All School Banquet, Gym, 7 p.m.
misiotherg takes honors as '81-82 female 'Athlete of the Year'
by John Clark
Breaking school records
has become almost second
nature for Wendy Norberg.
The senior runner re-wrote
the recordbook this sea-son.
So it should come as no
surprise that Norberg was
named the Woman Athlete
of the Year after going to
the national cross-country
meet and breaking all Beth-el's
distance records.
But not even Norberg
herself expected the suc-cess
she has had this sea-son,-
a season following a
junior year in which she
didn't improve .over the
previous year.
"Motivation is probably
the big reason for my im-provement,"
said Norberg.
"I'm working a lot harder.
Last year I averaged hard-ly
over 55 miles a week of
running, and this year I'm
between 75 and 90."
Apparently the extra
miles have helped; Nor-berg's
times on the track
include a 4:59 for the 1500
meters, 10:31 for the 3000,
a national-qualifying 17:54
for the 5000 and 38:26 in
the 10-kilometer event.
In spite of her success
on the track Norberg en-joys
running cross coun-try
more. It is the regional
meet where she placed
13th and qualified for na-tionals
where her sweetest
memory of the season lies.
"It was such a tense meet
where you had to qualify
for nationals," remember-ed
Norberg, "and I was
able to run my best time of
the season that race."
Fortunately for cross-country
coach Bill Lau, he
will have Norberg back
again next season before
the English literature ma-jor
graduates in January.
And Norberg also looks
forward to next season
with hopes of qualifying
and placing the top 25 at
the national meet.
Other Norberg goals in-cluded
breaking three
hours in the marathon and
being "competitive for. as
long as I can." And she
shouldn't have any trou-ble
being competitive as
long as she improves like
she has over last year. Her
five-kilometer time is now
55 seconds faster than it
was junior year.
Looking back over her
three and a half years at
Bethel, Norberg has had
no problem saying it has
been time well spent.
"I'm just hoping. it will
be worth all the loans rn
be paying off, though," she
added with a laugh.
tennis, from page 8
match was even at 3-3
after the singles, with
wins coming from Smith,
Lilleberg and Griffin. Dou-bles
victories from Smith-
Lilleberg and McIver-Mag-nuson
clinched the win.
This St. Mary's ballplayer was ruled safe by the ump despite Catcher Cam Muir's attempt to pro-tect
home plate (photo by Don Copeland).
Softball splits with Concordia, loses to Oles
Joe Moerkerke failed this attempt but later cleared 6'8" for fourth place in last week's meet at the U
of M (photo by Don Copeland).
Page 8 sports
Ball-players drop
five of six games
by John Clark
The Bethel baseball
team suffered through ano-ther
disappointing week
of action as the Royals
dropped five out of six
games last week.
Against Carleton on
April 27 the Royals lost
both games as a late inn-ing
rally fell short in the
first game. Bethel trailed
11 -4 in the opener but
closed to 11 -5 heading into
the last inning. The Roy-als
put five runs across
the plate to make it a one-run
game but lost as the
tying run was stranded on
third. Dave Fauth spent
most of the game circling
the bases as he scored four
runs. In the second contest
the Royals fell by a 7-4
The following day Beth-el
defeated a strong St.
John's team 3-2 behind the
fine hurdling of Jeff Wil-by
John Lilleberg
The men's tennis team
concluded a successful con-ference
season with a fifth-place
finish at the confer-ence
tournament in North-field.
The fifth-place fin-ish
was Bethel's highest
ever in the M.I.A.C.
The Royals were lead
by semi-final perform-ances
by John Lilleberg
and Mark Reasoner in
singles and Dave McIver-
Tim Magnuson in doubles.
Other winners for the Roy-als
included Randy Eng-lund
in singles and Eng-lund-
Reasoner in doubles.
Coach Mark Nordland-er
expressed satisfaction
in his team's performance.
"We got the wins where
we needed to. I was ner-vous
when I saw that we
drew Gustavus players at
three of our best spots
(Kirk Smith), Jim Griffin,
Smith-Lilleberg), but we
came through. Mark (Rea-soner)
and Randy (Eng-lund)
pulled out clutch
wins for us."
Earlier in the week the
team notched wins over
St. Olaf and River Falls.
The 7-2 win over St. Olaf
marked the first time the
Royals had ever beaten
the Oles. Winning in sin-son,
who scattered 11 hits
while the Royals made the
most of their five hits. Beth-el
dropped the second
game 11-2 as St. John's
scored nine runs over the
last two innings to make a
close game into a rout.
Bethel didn't have much
to celebrate on May Day
as it dropped a pair of
games to St. Mary's. Beth-el
lost the first game by a
9-4 score. Fauth and Bob
Giddings had homeruns.
The second game was close
as the Royals trailed by
only a 9-6 margin after
five innings. That changed
for the worse, however, as
St. Mary's scored 10 runs
in the sixth inning to even-tually
win with 24-8.
Bethel concludes its sea-son
this week with a dou-bleheader
at home Satur-day
against Macalester be-ginning
at noon, and an-other
twin bill at Morris on
Tuesday at 2 p.m.
gles were Smith, Lilleberg,
Griffin and McIver. Bethel
swept all three doubles,
with wins coming from
Smith-Lilleberg, Reason-er-
Englund and McIver-
The River Falls match
was a highly emotional 5-
4 heart-stopper. The
see page 7
by Wendy Norberg
The men's track squad
traveled to Waseca last
Saturday and finished sec-ond'
among twelve teams.
Golden Valley Lutheran
won the meet with 157
points, Bethel scored 109,
and Carleton was third
with 88. The Royals came
home with six first-place
finishes despite the fact
that the team was incom-plete
because some of the
men competed at a meet
here at the U of M.
Mike Dirks was voted
the Most Valuable Male
Athlete of the meet. He
took first place in both the
200- and 400-meter dashes
with personal record times
by John Clark
The Bethel women's soft-ball
team managed to win
only one of four ghmes
last week as the season
moves towards its comple-tion.
On April 26 Bethel split
its doubleheader against
Concordia-St. Paul. Chris
Johnson pitched both
games. The Royals drop-ped
the opener 8-4 when
four errors accounted for
five unearned runs and the
Bethel batters could only
punch out six hits.
Despite the first-game
defeat Johnson pitched
strongly and Coach Carol
Girdler decided to keep
of 22.3 and 49.9, respec-tively.
He also anchored
the winning 400-meter re-lay
and led off the still
undefeated mile relay, so
Dirks took part in a total
of four first places for the
day. Also competing in the
400 relay were were Barry
!ass, Steinar Engebretsen,
and Dave Bradley. Brad-ley,
Dave Jorgenson, and
Tom Plocker combined
with Dirks in the mile re-lay.
Bethel's 3200-meter re-lay
team was voted Most
Valuable Relay of the meet.
The four men who com-bined
to dominate that
event were Jeff Velasco,
see page 7
The women's tennis
team concluded the regu-lar
season with a hard-fought
6-3 loss at the
hands of a tough Gusta-vus
Sarah Runion's win ac-counted
for Bethel's only
singles victory. The Roy-al's
other two points came
in doubles, with wins by
Runion-Kathy Lee and
Kris Backlund-Cindy Hall-blade.
The loss dropped
the team's regular season
record to 3-6.
At the conference tour-nament
the team suffered
a narrow 5-4 loss to Macal-ester.
Winning in singles
were Lee and Runion. The
doubles teams of Lee-Run-ion
and Backlund-Hall-blade
also won. Coach
Paul Reasoner was not
overly disappointed, not-ing
that it was an improve-ment
over a 6- 3 loss to
Macalester eariler in the
Although Bethel did not
qualify for the state tour-nament,
Coach Reasoner
is attempting to petition
Lee and Runion into the
draw. Because of their ex-cellent
records, Reasoner
felt confident that the pair
would be accepted in the
draw. The state tourna-ment
takes place today
and tomorrow, May 7-8.
Tennis team
ends season
with defeats
by John Lilleberg
her throwing in the sec-ond
contest. This time
Johnson got some offensive
support to the tune of 13
Royal hits as Bethel won
8-2. Julie Murphy had
three hits in as many plate
appearances and Gail
Heinsch had a pair of hits.
The sudden Royal turn-around
from the first game
had Girdler pleased as the
team is beginning to show
marked improvement from
its slow early-season start.
"The second game was
the best game we've played
all year," commented Gird-ler.
"Everyone played
heads up."
The Royals diverged
from their winning ways
two days later against St.
Olaf. Team morale had
dwindled, partly due to
the team's failure to make
the state tournament. Beth-el
scored only two runs in
the twin bill, losing by 8-1
and 3- 1. The losses drop-ped
Bethel's seasonal rec-ord
to 7-11.
Bethel's regular season
concludes today (May 7)
with a pair of games
against the University of
Wisconsin-Superior at Cen-tral
Park in Roseville. The
games will be played at 3
and 5 p.m.
On Saturday, May 8,
Bethel will play in a tour-nament
at Northwestern
all day.
Tennis places fifth
in conference final
Talented tracksters finish
second in Waseca Invite
Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections.


text:
The Oklahoma Boll Weevil Eradication Organization (OBWEO) has recommended upgrading Oklahoma's eradication status to functionally eradicated statewide from active eradication in eastern counties and suppressed status statewide, according to Joe Harris, OBWEO director.
"Texas is doing the same in its north central and western zones," Harris said.
To date, no boll weevils have been caught in the 2010 cotton season, Harris said. Trap density is one to 60 acres in five southwest counties and one to 80 acres elsewhere on approximately 272,000 acres, he reported.
OBWEO directors voted to set the 2011 crop year assessment, which supports the boll weevil eradication program, at $2 per acre of harvested cotton, Harris said.
Transition year
This year has been a year of transition for the OBWEO program's Information Technology department. A new eradication manager online program was installed to replace the old system that could no longer be supported, Harris said.
The new system focuses on deployed traps rather than on mapped fields, he said. It employs a single GPS unit and a separate data logger to mark trap locations and to log inspection results, including when and by whom traps were inspected each cycle. Trap location is a critical component of the program.
The new eradication manager keys on trap locations because across the cotton belt, certified cotton acres, upon which assessments are based, plus farm numbers and Common Land Units (CLU) are already provided to the various eradication programs by periodic updates from the respective USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) state offices.
FSA certified acres have been shown to be as accurate as acres resulting from in-house mapping CLUs, he said, which, along with certified acres data, render in-house mapping an expensive redundancy.
Accurate maps
The resulting maps will show areas containing certified cotton acres along with the location of deployed traps. While the FSA is working to modify all CLUs to show only certified cotton, we can still map any field where certified and/or harvested acres need to be verified, he said.
Starting up the new system coincided, as a result of the 2008 Farm Bill, with the institution of requirements restricting the availability of federally provided producer information, including certified acres and other data such as farm numbers, he said.
To ensure against unauthorized release of information while the new rules are being digested and user friendly compilations of FSA data are being pursued, the agency has limited online eradication manager data access only to OBWEO personnel. Gins or individual producers desiring specific information are invited to contact the OBWEO Hobart, Okla., office at 580-726-4280.
The Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry has redone the Sensitive Crop Viewer section on its website, Harris said. OBWEO is working to incorporate cotton CLUs as well. For next season, early reporting/certification of cotton acres will ensure timely inclusion of CLUs and trap locations onto the system, he said.
TALKIN' COTTON is produced by NTOK Cotton, an industry partnership supporting and encouraging increased cotton production in the Rolling Plains of North Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas. For more information on the cotton scene, see ntokcotton.org and okiecotton.org. For information concerning Talkin' Cotton, contact firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Grades 9-12
The Story of Jack and the Bank Stalk
Fairy tales have always been used to give lessons about life. The story of Jack and the Bean Stalk is a good lesson about the importance of knowing about money and banks. While you might think that you know the story of Jack, go to Jack and the Beanstalk, from Old Fairy Tales.
Task List
In this lesson you will list the roles and functions of money, apply the definition of money to various alternatives to money, and describe the role of banks.
The story of Jack asks the question, "What is money?" An old quote in economics is, "Money is what money does." In other words we know gold coins are money but beans are not, but why?
For something to be accepted as money it must perform three functions. It must be:
- A Medium of Exchange
- A Unit of Account
- Store of Value
What is meant by these three functions?
First, for money to be a medium of exchange everyone has to accept that "it" is money. A gold coin is money because everyone will take it in trade for goods and services. In some ancient cultures, shells were used as money. Do you think Pokemon cards are money? (Can you pay for your lunch with Pokemon cards?)
Next, money must be a unit of account. This means that it can be broken up into parts and that other goods can be priced terms of money. That is why we have, pennies, dimes, quarters and dollars. If money is not a unit of account then it becomes hard to trade fairly. For instance, how many Pokemon cards equal a cow? Money allows a shop to price its goods, so you pay $.65 for a quart of milk and $2.00 for a dozen donuts. You can also check in other stores to see what prices they charge and then buy at the store with the best price.
Finally, money must be a store of value. If we are to hold money, we must know that it will be worth something tomorrow. Pokemon cards may be a good value today, but how much will they be worth when the Pokemon craze calms down? Apples are another good which do not make good money. If you hold onto an apple for two years would anyone want it? This is why most money is make out of metal or paper.
Activity 1
Answer the following questions after reading the story of Jack and the Beanstalk above.
What did Jack's mother ask Jack to trade in exchange for the cow?
Why did Jack's mother not like the trade which Jack made?
Why are beans not money, given the functions of money above?
- What is the opportunity cost of not having money to trade with?
Functions of the Bank
A bank has a number of functions as well. One is to protect your money from being robbed. The first banks were run by Blacksmiths and Goldsmiths. Why do you think that they made good bankers?
A second function is to lend money to others and receive interest in return. Banks make lending and borrowing money easier, just like money makes trading easier. The bank works as a clearinghouse. Those who want to lend money but deposits into their saving accounts, while those who want to borrow go to the bank and take out loans. The bank then makes sure that the loans are paid back and that everyone pays the right amount of interest.
Activity 2
Jack and the Bean Stalk can also be considered as a story of a bank.
Answer the following questions:
How is planting beans in the ground similar to putting money in the bank?
What is the justification given for Jack to "steal" from the Giant in this story: (Jack and the Bean Stalk) ?
If Jack's father had put his money in the bank how would that have changed the story?
- How is the goose that lays the golden eggs like a bank?
Using the answers to the questions above write a short paper on how the story of Jack and the Bean Stalk is related to money and banks.
Related Resources
Grades 6-8, 9-12
Benefits of Trade Video
Grades 9-12
National Budget Simulation
Grades 9-12


text:
Play ball! Kate Middleton hasn't let her baby bump slow her down, and during a two-day tour of Scotland with husband Prince William, the royal mother-to-be proved that she's still light on her feet, even though she's six months pregnant.
The Duchess of Cambridge, 31, wore a plaid coat to cover her barely visible bump for a trip to a homeless shelter on Thursday, April 4. There, she and William, 30, played a game of ping pong and even shot some hoops as the crowd looked on.
Middleton looked radiant and happy, flashing her large sapphire engagement ring as she gamely aimed for the basket and challenged her husband to a table tennis match. The expectant royal paired her coat with a pair of simple black tights and heeled black boots, her baby belly hardly showing.
The couple even gave reporters a hint at when to expect their baby son or daughter — though Middleton was careful to keep the details to a minimum.
"It's around mid-July, but apparently babies have their own agenda," she joked to reporters about her due date.
On Friday, April 5, the royal twosome made a stop by the Dumfries House (Prince Charles was also on-hand for the visit), where Middleton was greeted with a startling sight — her own likeness as a doll.
A little girl, 11-year-old Dayna Miller, approached the Duchess with a tiny lookalike doll, and a startled Middleton reacted with feigned shock.
"No! Oh no, is that me? Is that meant to be me?" she asked. "Does my hair really look like that?"
The tiny doll featured a miniature replica of Middleton's now-iconic emerald blue engagement dress, a tiny pink hat and intricately designed gold purse.
Miller, who said that "Kate's much prettier than the doll," pointed out that there were noticeable differences between her tiny plaything and the real Middleton.
"I told her she was much prettier than the doll and her hair was not nearly so big and she laughed and seemed happy," she said later. "I think she was a bit shocked by the doll though. I can't believe how nice she was though. She was just lovely. This has been the best day ever."
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Like many in the Christian community, I became greatly disillusioned with the Religious Right. The more I grew in my relationship with Jesus, the less comfortable I was with what seemed to be a quest for power. Too many resources were being focused on securing a "Christian" government that then could right our moral wrongs. We lost focus on Jesus' clear teaching that laws do not equal obedience—which starts in the heart.
I started to read Sojourners and authors who rejected this march toward achieving Christian morality through government legislation. I could see the falsities behind the "Christian nation." After reading the May issue on trade justice, I have to ask if the Christian "Left" has learned any lessons from the Christian Right.
Articles debating action within the body of Christ are excellent and needed. Articles affirming the action of individuals within and outside the body that relieve suffering and raise people up are also excellent. However, some articles on free trade have the same feel I got from the Right. Christians need to ask ourselves if we believe we will be any more successful in legislating compassion than in legislating morality. All government, as Gregory Boyd put it so well in The Myth of a Christian Nation, is by its very nature prone to power, protecting its self-interests. Trying to wield the government to enforce compassion is not the way of Jesus.
Corbey Dukes
Pawleys Island, South Carolina


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About this song.This eastern influenced song has a natural, earthy feel, perfect for yoga, relaxation, and meditative related projects, or films and videos with an exotic feel.
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Instrumentation.Sitar, bansuri flute, santoor, tibetan singing bowls, and chimes
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