text:
Acute radiation syndrome
|Acute radiation syndrome
A Japanese girl presenting the effects of radiation sickness.
|Classification and external resources
|Patient UK
|Acute radiation syndrome
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation poisoning, radiation sickness or radiation toxicity, is a collection of health effects which present within 24 hours of exposure to high amounts of ionizing radiation. The radiation causes cellular degradation due to damage to DNA and other key molecular structures within the cells in various tissues; this destruction, particularly as it affects ability of cells to divide normally, in turn causes the symptoms. The symptoms can begin within one or two hours and may last for several months.[1][2] The terms refer to acute medical problems rather than ones that develop after a prolonged period.[3][4][5]
The onset and type of symptoms depends on the radiation exposure. Relatively smaller doses result in gastrointestinal effects, such as nausea and vomiting, and symptoms related to falling blood counts, and predisposition to infection and bleeding. Relatively larger doses can result in neurological effects and rapid death. Treatment of acute radiation syndrome is generally supportive with blood transfusions and antibiotics, with some more aggressive treatments, such as bone marrow transfusions, being required in extreme cases.[1]
Similar symptoms may appear months to years after exposure as chronic radiation syndrome when the dose rate is too low to cause the acute form.[6] Radiation exposure can also increase the probability of developing some other diseases, mainly different types of cancers. These diseases are sometimes referred to as radiation sickness, but they are never included in the term acute radiation syndrome.
- 1 Signs and symptoms
- 2 Cause
- 3 Pathophysiology
- 4 Diagnosis
- 5 Prevention
- 6 Management
- 7 History
- 8 Other animals
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 Further reading
- 12 External links
Signs and symptoms
Classically acute radiation syndrome is divided into three main presentations: hematopoietic, gastrointestinal and neurological/vascular. These symptoms may or may not be preceded by a prodrome.[1] The speed of onset of symptoms is related to radiation exposure, with greater doses resulting in a shorter delay in symptom onset.[1] These presentations presume whole-body exposure and many of them are markers which are not valid if the entire body has not been exposed. Each syndrome requires that the tissue showing the syndrome itself be exposed. The hematopoietic syndrome requires exposure of the areas of bone marrow actively forming blood elements (i.e., the pelvis and sternum in adults). The neurovascular symptoms require exposure of the brain. The gastrointestinal syndrome is not seen if the stomach and intestines are not exposed to radiation.
- Hematopoietic. This syndrome is marked by a drop in the number of blood cells, called aplastic anemia. This may result in infections due to a low amount of white blood cells, bleeding due to a lack of platelets, and anemia due to few red blood cells in the circulation.[1] These changes can be detected by blood tests after receiving a whole-body acute dose as low as 0.25 Gy, though they might never be felt by the patient if the dose is below 1 Gy. Conventional trauma and burns resulting from a bomb blast are complicated by the poor wound healing caused by hematopoietic syndrome, increasing mortality.
- Gastrointestinal. This syndrome often follows absorbed doses of 6–30 Gy (600–3000 rad).[1] The signs and symptoms of this form of radiation injury include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and abdominal pain.[7] Vomiting in this time-frame is a marker for whole body exposures that are in the fatal range above 4 Gy. Without exotic treatment such as bone marrow transplant, death with this dose is common.[1] The death is generally more due to infection than gastrointestinal dysfunction.
- Neurovascular. This syndrome typically occurs at absorbed doses greater than 30 Gy (3000 rad), though it may occur at 10 Gy (1000 rad).[1] It presents with neurological symptoms such as dizziness, headache, or decreased level of consciousness, occurring within minutes to a few hours, and with an absence of vomiting. It is invariably fatal.[1]
The prodrome (early symptoms) of ARS typically includes nausea and vomiting, headaches, fatigue, fever and short period of skin reddening.[1] These symptoms may occur at radiation doses as low as 35 rad (0.35 Gy). These symptoms are common to many illnesses and may not, by themselves, indicate acute radiation sickness.[1]
|Whole-body absorbed dose (Gy)
|1–2 Gy
|2–6 Gy
|6–8 Gy
|8–30 Gy
|Greater Than 30 Gy
|Nausea and vomiting
|Time of onset
|2–6 h
|1–2 h
|10–60 min
|< 10 min
|< 24 h
|24–48 h
|< 48 h
|< 48 h
|N/A (patients die in < 48 h)
|None to mild (< 10%)
|Heavy (> 10%)
|Heavy (> 95%)
|Heavy (100%)
|Time of onset
|3–8 h
|1–3 h
|< 1 h
|< 1 h
|Mild to moderate (50%)
|Moderate (80%)
|Severe (80–90%)
|Severe (100%)
|Time of onset
|4–24 h
|3–4 h
|1–2 h
|< 1 h
|Moderate increase (10-100%)
|Moderate to severe (100%)
|Severe (100%)
|Severe (100%)
|Time of onset
|1–3 h
|< 1 h
|< 1 h
|< 1 h
|CNS function
|No impairment
|Cognitive impairment 6–20 h
|Cognitive impairment > 24 h
|Rapid incapacitation
|Seizures, Tremor, Ataxia, Lethargy
|Latent period
|28–31 days
|7–28 days
|< 7 days
|Mild to moderate Leukopenia
|Moderate to severe Leukopenia
Epilation after 3 Gy
|Severe leukopenia
High fever
Dizziness and disorientation
Electrolyte disturbance
Severe diarrhea
High fever
Electrolyte disturbance
|N/A (patients die in < 48h)
|Without care
|With care
|6–8 weeks
|4–6 weeks
|2–4 weeks
|2 days–2 weeks
|1–2 days
Skin changes
Cutaneous radiation syndrome (CRS) refers to the skin symptoms of radiation exposure.[5] Within a few hours after irradiation, a transient and inconsistent redness (associated with itching) can occur. Then, a latent phase may occur and last from a few days up to several weeks, when intense reddening, blistering, and ulceration of the irradiated site are visible. In most cases, healing occurs by regenerative means; however, very large skin doses can cause permanent hair loss, damaged sebaceous and sweat glands, atrophy, fibrosis (mostly Keloids), decreased or increased skin pigmentation, and ulceration or necrosis of the exposed tissue.[5] Notably, as seen at Chernobyl, when skin is irradiated with high energy beta particles, moist desquamation and similar early effects can heal, only to be followed by the collapse of the dermal vascular system after two months, resulting in the loss of the full thickness of the exposed skin.[9] This effect had been demonstrated previously with pig skin using high energy beta sources at the Churchill Hospital Research Institute, in Oxford.[10]
According to the linear no-threshold model, any exposure to ionizing radiation, even at doses too low to produce any symptoms of radiation sickness, can induce cancer due to cellular and genetic damage. Under the assumption, survivors of acute radiation syndrome face an increased risk developing cancer later in life. The probability of developing cancer is a linear function with respect to the effective radiation dose. In radiation-induced cancer, the speed at which the condition advances, the prognosis, the degree of pain, and every other feature of the disease are not believed to be functions of the radiation dosage.
However, some studies contradict the linear no-threshold model. These studies indicate that some low levels of radiation do not increase cancer risk at all, and that there may exist a threshold dosage of ionizing radiation below which exposure should be considered safe. Nonetheless the 'no safe amount' assumption is the basis of US and most national regulatory policies regarding "man-made" sources of radiation.
Radiation sickness is caused by exposure to a large dose of ionizing radiation (> ~0.1 Gy) over a short period of time. (> ~0.1 Gy/h) This might be the result of a nuclear explosion, a criticality accident, a radiotherapy accident as in Therac-25, a solar flare during interplanetary travel, escape of radioactive waste as in the 1987 Goiânia accident, human error in a nuclear reactor, or other possibilities. Acute radiation sickness due to ingestion of radioactive material is possible, but rare; examples include the 1987 contamination of Leide das Neves Ferreira and the 2006 poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko.
Alpha and beta radiation have low penetrating power and are unlikely to affect vital internal organs from outside the body. Any type of ionizing radiation can cause burns, but alpha and beta radiation can only do so if radioactive contamination or nuclear fallout is deposited on the individual's skin or clothing. Gamma and neutron radiation can travel much further distances and penetrate the body easily, so whole-body irradiation generally causes ARS before skin effects are evident. Local gamma irradiation can cause skin effects without any sickness. In the early twentieth century, radiographers would commonly calibrate their machines by irradiating their own hand and measuring the time to onset of erythema.[15]
During spaceflight, particularly flights beyond low Earth orbit, astronauts are exposed to both galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and solar particle event (SPE) radiation. Evidence indicates past SPE radiation levels which would have been lethal for unprotected astronauts.[16] GCR levels which might lead to acute radiation poisoning are less well understood.[17]
The most commonly used predictor of acute radiation symptoms is the whole-body absorbed dose. Several related quantities, such as the equivalent dose, effective dose, and committed dose, are used to gauge long-term stochastic biological effects such as cancer incidence, but they are not designed to evaluate acute radiation syndrome.[18] To help avoid confusion between these quantities, absorbed dose is measured in units of grays (in SI, unit symbol Gy) or rads (in CGS), while the others are measured in sieverts (in SI, unit symbol Sv) or rems (in CGS). 1 rad = 0.01 Gy and 1 rem = 0.01 Sv.[19]
In most of the acute exposure scenarios that lead to radiation sickness, the bulk of the radiation is external whole-body gamma, in which case the absorbed, equivalent and effective doses are all equal. There are exceptions, such as the Therac-25 accidents and the 1958 Cecil Kelley criticality accident, where the absorbed doses in Gy or rad are the only useful quantities.
Radiotherapy treatments are typically prescribed in terms of the local absorbed dose, which might be 60 Gy or higher. The dose is fractionated (about 2 Gy per day for curative treatment), which allows for the normal tissues to undergo repair, allowing it to tolerate a higher dose than would otherwise be expected. The dose to the targeted tissue mass must be averaged over the entire body mass, most of which receives negligible radiation, to arrive at a whole-body absorbed dose that can be compared to the table above.
Diagnosis is typically made based on a history of significant radiation exposure and suitable clinical findings.[1] An absolute lymphocyte count can give a rough estimate of radiation exposure.[1] Time from exposure to vomiting can also give estimates of exposure levels if they are less than 1000 rad.[1]
The best prevention for radiation sickness is to minimize the exposure dose or to reduce the dose rate.
Increasing distance from the radiation source reduces the dose according to the inverse-square law for a point source. Distance can sometimes be effectively increased by means as simple as handling a source with forceps rather than fingers. This could reduce erythema to the fingers, but the extra few centimeters distance from the body will give little protection from acute radiation syndrome.
The longer that humans are subjected to radiation the larger the dose will be. The advice in the nuclear war manual entitled "Nuclear War Survival Skills" published by Cresson Kearny in the U.S. was that if one needed to leave the shelter then this should be done as rapidly as possible to minimize exposure.
In chapter 12 he states that "Quickly putting or dumping wastes outside is not hazardous once fallout is no longer being deposited. For example, assume the shelter is in an area of heavy fallout and the dose rate outside is 400 roentgen (R) per hour] enough to give a potentially fatal dose in about an hour to a person exposed in the open. If a person needs to be exposed for only 10 seconds to dump a bucket, in this 1/360 of an hour he will receive a dose of only about 1 R. Under war conditions, an additional 1-R dose is of little concern."
In peacetime, radiation workers are taught to work as quickly as possible when performing a task which exposes them to radiation. For instance, the recovery of a lost radiography source should be done as quickly as possible.
Matter attenuates radiation in most cases, so placing any mass (e.g., lead, dirt, sandbags, vehicles) between humans and the source will reduce the radiation dose. This is not always the case, however; care should be taken when constructing shielding for a specific purpose. For example, although high atomic number materials are very effective in shielding photons, using them to shield beta particles may cause higher radiation exposure due to the production of bremsstrahlung x-rays, and hence low atomic number materials are recommended. Also, using material with a high neutron activation cross section to shield neutrons will result in the shielding material itself becoming radioactive and hence more dangerous than if it were not present.
Reduction of incorporation into the human body
Where radioactive contamination is present, a gas mask, dust mask, or good hygiene practices may offer protection, depending on the nature of the contaminant. Potassium iodide (KI) tablets can reduce the risk of cancer in some situations due to slower uptake of ambient radioiodine. Although this doesn't protect any organ other than the thyroid gland, their effectiveness is still highly dependent on the time of ingestion which would protect the gland for the duration of a twenty-four hour period. They do not prevent acute radiation syndrome as they provide no shielding from other environmental radionuclides.[20]
Fractionation of dose
If an intentional dose is broken up into a number of smaller doses, with time allowed for recovery between irradiations, the same total dose causes less cell death. Even without interruptions, a reduction in dose rate below 0.1 Gy/h also tends to reduce cell death.[18] This technique is routinely used in radiotherapy.
The human body contains many types of cells and a human can be killed by the loss of a single type of cells in a vital organ. For many short term radiation deaths (3 days to 30 days), the loss of two important types of cells that are constantly being regenerated causes death. The loss of cells forming blood cells (bone marrow) and the cells in the digestive system (microvilli which form part of the wall of the intestines) is fatal.
Treatment is supportive with the use of antibiotics, blood products, colony stimulating factors, and stem cell transplant as clinically indicated.[1] Symptomatic measures may also be employed.[1]
There is a direct relationship between the degree of the neutropenia that emerges after exposure to radiation and the increased risk of developing infection. Since there are no controlled studies of therapeutic intervention in humans, most of the current recommendations are based on animal research.
The treatment of established or suspected infection following exposure to radiation (characterized by neutropenia and fever) is similar to the one used for other febrile neutropenic patients. However, important differences between the two conditions exist. Individuals that develop neutropenia after exposure to radiation are also susceptible to irradiation damage in other tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs and central nervous system. These patients may require therapeutic interventions not needed in other types of neutropenic patients. The response of irradiated animals to antimicrobial therapy can be unpredictable, as was evident in experimental studies where metronidazole[21] and pefloxacin[22] therapies were detrimental.
Antimicrobials that reduce the number of the strict anaerobic component of the gut flora (i.e., metronidazole) generally should not be given because they may enhance systemic infection by aerobic or facultative bacteria, thus facilitating mortality after irradiation.[23]
An empirical regimen of antimicrobials should be chosen based on the pattern of bacterial susceptibility and nosocomial infections in the affected area and medical center and the degree of neutropenia. Broad-spectrum empirical therapy (see below for choices) with high doses of one or more antibiotics should be initiated at the onset of fever. These antimicrobials should be directed at the eradication of Gram-negative aerobic bacilli ( i.e., Enterobacteriace, Pseudomonas ) that account for more than three quarters of the isolates causing sepsis. Because aerobic and facultative Gram-positive bacteria (mostly alpha-hemolytic streptococci) cause sepsis in about a quarter of the victims, coverage for these organisms may also be needed.[24]
A standardized management plane of febrile, neutropenic patients must be devised in each institution or agency. Empirical regimens must contain antibiotics broadly active against Gram-negative aerobic bacteria (quinolones: i.e., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, a third- or fourth-generation cephalosporin with pseudomonal coverage: e.g., cefepime, ceftazidime, or an aminoglycoside: i.e. gentamicin, amikacin).[25]
Acute effects of ionizing radiation were first observed when Wilhelm Röntgen intentionally subjected his fingers to X-rays in 1895. He published his observations concerning the burns that developed, though he misattributed them to ozone, a free radical produced in air by X-rays. Other free radicals produced within the body are now understood to be more important. His injuries healed later.
The Radium Girls were female factory workers who contracted radiation poisoning from painting watch dials with self-luminous paint at the United States Radium factory in Orange, New Jersey, around 1917.
Ingestion of radioactive materials caused many radiation-induced cancers in the 1930s, but no one was exposed to high enough doses at high enough rates to bring on acute radiation syndrome. Marie Curie died of aplastic anemia caused by radiation, a possible early incident of acute radiation syndrome.
The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki resulted in high acute doses of radiation to a large number of Japanese, allowing for greater insight into its symptoms and dangers. Red Cross Hospital Surgeon, Terufumi Sasaki led intensive research into the syndrome in the weeks and months following the Hiroshima bombings. Dr Sasaki and his team were able to monitor the effects of radiation in patients of varying proximities to the blast itself, leading to the establishment of three recorded stages of the syndrome. Within 25–30 days of the explosion, the Red Cross surgeon noticed a sharp drop in white blood cell count and established this drop, along with symptoms of fever, as prognostic standards for Acute Radiation Syndrome.[26] Actress Midori Naka, who was present during the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, was the first incident of radiation poisoning to be extensively studied. Her death on August 24, 1945 was the first death ever to be officially certified as a result of acute radiation syndrome (or "Atomic bomb disease").
Notable incidents
There are two major databases that track radiation accidents: The American ORISE REAC/TS and the European IRSN ACCIRAD. REAC/TS shows 417 accidents occurring between 1944 and 2000, causing about 3000 cases of acute radiation syndrome, of which 127 were fatal.[27] ACCIRAD lists 580 accidents with 180 ARS fatalities for an almost identical period.[28] The two deliberate bombings are not included in either database, nor are any possible radiation-induced cancers from low doses. The detailed accounting is difficult because of confounding factors. ARS may be accompanied by conventional injuries such as steam burns, or may occur in someone with a pre-existing condition undergoing radiotherapy. There may be multiple causes for death, and the contribution from radiation may be unclear. Some documents may incorrectly refer to radiation-induced cancers as radiation poisoning, or may count all overexposed individuals as survivors without mentioning if they had any symptoms of ARS. The table below attempts to catalog some cases of ARS. Many of these incidents involved additional fatalities from other causes, such as cancer, which are excluded from this table.
Other animals
Thousands of scientific experiments have been performed to study acute radiation syndrome in animals.
There is a simple guide for predicting survival/death in mammals, including humans, following the acute effects of inhaling radioactive particles.[44]
See also
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Radiation health effects.
- European Committee on Radiation Risk
- Hibakusha – Japanese atomic bomb survivors
- List of civilian nuclear accidents
- List of military nuclear accidents
- Biological effects of ionizing radiation
- Orders of magnitude (radiation)
- 5-Androstenediol
- Ex-Rad
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ "Acute Radiation Syndrome". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005-05-20.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Acute Radiation Syndrome" (PDF). National Center for Environmental Health/Radiation Studies Branch. 2002-04-09. Retrieved 2009-06-22.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Acute Radiation Syndrome: A Fact Sheet for Physicians". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005-03-18.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ "Radiation Exposure and Contamination". Merck Manuals. Retrieved 2 June 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ The medical handling of skin lesions following high level accidental irradiation, IAEA Advisory Group Meeting, September 1987 Paris.
- ↑ Wells J; et al. (1982). "Non-Uniform Irrradiation of Skin: Criteria for Limiting Non-Stochastic Effects". Proceedings of the Third International Symposium of the Society for Radiological Protection _ Advances in Theory and Practice. 2: 537–542. ISBN 0-9508123-0-7.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Chang, Kenneth (30 May 2013). "Data Point to Radiation Risk for Travelers to Mars". New York Times. Retrieved 31 May 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Gelling, Cristy (June 29, 2013). "Mars trip would deliver big radiation dose; Curiosity instrument confirms expectation of major exposures". Science News. 183 (13): 8. Retrieved July 8, 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ William, C. Inkret; Charles B. Meinhold; John C. Taschner (1995). "A Brief History of Radiation Protection Standards" (PDF). Los Alamos Science (23): 116–123. Retrieved 12 November 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Superflares could kill unprotected astronauts". New Scientist. 21 March 2005.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ National Research Council (U.S.). Ad Hoc Committee on the Solar System Radiation Environment and NASA's Vision for Space Exploration (2006). Space Radiation Hazards and the Vision for Space Exploration. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-10264-3.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 "The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection". Annals of the ICRP. ICRP publication 103. 37 (2–4). 2007. ISBN 978-0-7020-3048-2. Retrieved 17 May 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, Revised ed., US DOD 1962, p. 579
- ↑ "Radiation and its Health Effects". Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 2013-11-19.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Brook I, Ledney D (1992). "Quinolone therapy in the management of infection after irradiation". Crit Rev Microbiol: 18235–46.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Carmichael, Ann G. (1991). Medicine: A Treasury of Art and Literature. New York: Harkavy Publishing Service. p. 376. ISBN 0-88363-991-2.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Turai, István; Veress, Katalin (2001). "Radiation Accidents: Occurrence, Types, Consequences, Medical Management, and the Lessons to be Learned". Central European Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 7 (1): 3–14. Retrieved 1 June 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Goldfarb, Alex; Litvinenko, Marina (2007). Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB. Simon & Schuster UK. ISBN 978-1-4711-0301-8.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Johnston, Wm. Robert. "K-19 submarine reactor accident, 1961". Database of radiological incidents and related events. Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 24 May 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Johnston, Wm. Robert. "K-27 submarine reactor accident, 1968". Database of radiological incidents and related events. Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 24 May 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Johnston, Wm. Robert. "K-431 submarine reactor accident, 1985". Database of radiological incidents and related events. Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 24 May 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Lost Iridium-192 Source".<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ The Radiological Accident in Goiania p. 2.
- ↑ Strengthening the Safety of Radiation Sources p. 15.
- ↑ Gusev, Igor; Guskova, Angelina; Mettler, Fred A. (12 December 2010). Medical Management of Radiation Accidents, Second Edition. CRC Press. pp. 299–303. ISBN 978-1-4200-3719-7.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency. "Investigation of an accidental Exposure of radiotherapy patients in Panama" (PDF).<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Johnston, Robert (September 23, 2007). "Deadliest radiation accidents and other events causing radiation casualties". Database of Radiological Incidents and Related Events.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Sixsmith, Martin (2007). The Litvinenko File: The Life and Death of a Russian Spy. True Crime. p. 14. ISBN 0-312-37668-5.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bremer Mærli, Morten. "Radiological Terrorism: "Soft Killers"". Bellona Foundation.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Further reading
- Michihiko Hachiya, Hiroshima Diary (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1955), ISBN 0-8078-4547-7.
- John Hersey, Hiroshima (New York: Vintage, 1946, 1985 new chapter), ISBN 0-679-72103-7.
- Ibuse Masuji, Black Rain (1969) ISBN 0-87011-364-X
- Ernest J. Sternglass, Secret Fallout: low-level radiation from Hiroshima to Three-Mile Island (1981) ISBN 0-07-061242-0 (online)
- Norman Solomon, Harvey Wasserman Killing Our Own: The Disaster of America's Experience with Atomic Radiation, 1945–1982, New York: Dell, 1982. ISBN 0-385-28537-X, ISBN 0-385-28536-1, ISBN 0-440-04567-3 (online)
External links
- The Center for Disease Control's fact sheet on Acute Radiation Syndrome
- List of radiation accidents and other events causing radiation casualties
- The criticality accident in Sarov, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2001 — well documented account of the biological effects of a criticality accident
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention


text:
Things have been very hectic for the past couple of months so hence the abscence of posts.
Will post soon just as soon as I get the chance…hang in there.
Things have been very hectic for the past couple of months so hence the abscence of posts.
Will post soon just as soon as I get the chance…hang in there.
Funny, as NYC slang for ambulances are "busses," as in "35V, I have the patient on the bus now."
I'm a teacher of sociology in the states. I came across your December 29, 2006 posting about the new "greens" you wear. What caught my attention was your comment about how the old uniforms, which made you look like the police, caused a lot of heartache. I'd like to use your comments as testimony in my class. Currently, our school trains a lot of EMTs and there appears to be an emerging sentiment by a lot of them to carry guns. As absurd as this sounds, their reasoning is that they service (or will) very tough neighborhoods and would like to have the protection of a firearm. Your words could greatly help dispel that notion. I'm hoping you'll give me permission to use them. Mason.
Mason…please feel free to use. As a Paramedic I need to be impartial and not side with anyone…just be on the patients side in terms of treatment etc.
In the UK though, where at one time we were afforded neutrality by all and sundry, we now are coming under attack more and more from the local dickheads who have no sense of responsibility or social order other than their own little world.
To carry a firearm would lead to all sorts of dangers not least 'suicide by Paramedic' (as in suicide by cop)and all manner of troubles.
In a nutshell if we feel threatened or are sent to a dodgey scene we wait for Police backup and dont go in.
It would be interesting to hear the outcome of your testimony to your class.
Very Good! I like!
What a relief to hear news of some happy event. On my site, I wonder if things have become so bad that people can taste how tense and uneasy I am these days.
I guess it may have become much easier to recognise the symptoms of yet another police blog spiralling into terminal wimper.
Dear Purple,
Please come back. I am relatively new to the blog sites, but had the good fortune to find the ECG dance.
Hysterical, and as an old stretcher monkey to my modern counterpart, please get posting!
We will just have to wait for the maestro..
Still checking Purple.
Yo! You still out there????
Still here…just!
Really busy at moment with work, family and uni.
Will make time soon…ish.
Hang in there…
SWAB will be back.

subset: commoncrawl


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Give 'em a call, Hall of Fame
Finalists for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame's class of 2013 will be announced this weekend in Houston as part of All-Star weekend.
A 24-person honors committee then determines who will ultimately be enshrined. Nominees must receive 18 votes to get in.
Here are the individuals Express-News NBA beat writer Mike Monroe would induct from the list of 31 North American candidates.
Years: 1990-2007
Teams: Seattle SuperSonics, Milwaukee Bucks, Los Angeles Lakers, Boston Celtics, Miami Heat
Points: 21,813
Assists: 8,966
Rebounds: 5,269
Steals: 2,445
Comment: Worthy of nomination based strictly on his offensive accomplishments, Payton also was one of the toughest defenders ever to play point guard. He should easily be enshrined in the Class of 2013.
Years: 1989-2003
Teams: Golden State Warriors, Heat, Dallas Mavericks, Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers
Points: 15,373
Assists: 7,095
Rebounds: 2,855
Steals: 1,428
Comment: During his stint with the Warriors during the "Run TMC" years, he had four straight seasons scoring at least 20 points per game — two of which he also averaged double-figure assists. Pioneer of the "killer crossover," a move now essential for nearly every guard who plays beyond high school.
Years: 1970-83
Teams: Denver Rockets (ABA), SuperSonics, New York Knicks, New Orleans Jazz, Lakers, Washington Bullets
Points: 17,111
Rebounds: 8,675
Blocks: 629
Comment: Came out of college and Signed with the ABA's Denver Rockets after just one season at the University of Detroit. Produced a Wilt Chamberlain-like 30.0 points and 19.5 rebounds per game his rookie season. At age 19, he was the leading scorer for the gold medal8winning 1968 U.S. Olympic team.
Years: 1977-93
Teams: New Jersey Nets, Warriors, Knicks, Bullets
Points: 19,655
Rebounds: 5,060
Assists: 2,863
Comment: Why hasn't he already been enshrined? One of the most unstoppable scorers in the history of the game he averaged at least 20 points in 11 of his 14 seasons. He led the league at 32.9 points per game in the 1984-85 season.
Years: 1968-1997
Teams: Chicago Bulls, Bullets, Mavericks, Sacramento Kings, Nuggets
Record: 935-1017
Comment: One of 11 coaches with more than 900 victories, he's been passed over because of the 1,017 losses, though 165 came in the first three seasons of the expansion Mavs' existence. Coached Bullets to 1978 NBA title, when he used the line popularized by Express-News columnist Dan Cook, "The opera ain't over until the fat lady sings." That in itself merits enshrinement.


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Half Model Plan SHADOW
N. G. Herreshoff
Skill Level to Build:
Basic to Intermediate
Compromise sloop designed by N.G. Herreshoff in 1871. The plans produce a model that is 19″ long. When you purchase the set of plans, you also receive instructions on building by the "lift" method, as well as a bit of historical information on...


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The Inn on the Wharf
In 2006, we discovered Lubec, Maine quite by accident and fell in love with the town, the people and the incredible natural beauty of the area. Within five days of arriving in Lubec, we bought a home on on Summer Street. The following summer, we purchased a historic sardine factory with its own wharf.
It was our dream to preserve this historic building which is now 106 years old, while creating a modern comfortable Inn with both suites and apartments where guests can enjoy the moods of the sea, the friendliness of the town and the natural beauty which surrounds this most easterly town in the United States.
We hope our guests adjust their watch to tide time, fall asleep to the sounds of the sea and wake up to the tranquility of a day beside the bay where a fresh catch from the sea will arrive right on our wharf while playful seals and whales swim nearby.


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Saturday, March 24, 2012
Who is the Burden?
Then there was the recent headline about the white Mississippi teen who pleaded guilty to fatally running over a man simply because of the color of his skin. 19 yrs old and he just received a life sentence. The victim's family asked the prosecutors not to seek the death penalty because they didn't believe in capital punishment. That kid will be in jail for a very long time.
Closer to my own home ... really right down the street...comes yet another absolutely senseless tragedy. A 20 yr old pizza delivery guy went to an apartment complex to deliver pizza. The occupants told him no order was placed for their address, so he turned to go back to his car. He was shot in the head and robbed of $38 dollars and the pizza. Seriously!? This guy's life ended because of pizza and $38? Couldn't the perpetrator just pull out the gun to rob him? Why did he have to put a bullet in his head? And the suspect? Is just 18 years old. He says he didn't do it, yet he was found with a gun and a pizza box and pizza were found in his bedroom. A second suspect, 17 yrs old, turned himself in. 3 young lives are, in essence, over.
Aren't these men who commit these senseless crimes, killing other people, burdens to society? And unfortunately this isn't uncommon. Stories like this play out in cities and towns all across the country, every day.
And yet, people with Down syndrome are specifically targeted for elimination before they're even born.
I'm not being overly melodramatic either. That's why Sequenom named their new non-invasive prenatal diagnostic test MaterniT21. T21 for Trisomy 21. Which is the medical term for Down syndrome.
In article after article after article on Down syndrome the comment sections are rife with people hell-bent on it being right to terminate babies with Down syndrome - that they shouldn't exist at all - because they are deemed as burdens to society.
Burdens to society why? Because they may not live a completely independent life? An independent life like the ones above led? An independent life where they are cold, callous, unfeeling, and think nothing of putting a gun to a guy's head and pulling the trigger? An independent life where they think it is ok to run over a man because of the color of his skin?
As far as I'm aware people with Down syndrome are not a threat, or danger, to society.
Yet it is people who have Down syndrome that are deemed unworthy enough by society to warrant terminating the pregnancy on the basis of an extra chromosome. It is people with Down syndrome who are having their very existence and life wiped out before it can even begin.
None of us can predict the future.
When each of those aforementioned males were born none of their parents would have thought or imagined their child would be capable of murder. None of them imagined that their child would receive a life sentence before seeing their 21st birthday.
Same applies for people with Down syndrome. We don't know what our kids might be capable of. We don't know what their future is going to look like. We don't know if they will live independently or not. We don't know what type of employment they will maintain.
But they deserve the opportunity to show us. They deserve to be born and given a chance to show us the life they'll live. They deserve to have a future.
And if they can't live completely independently? So what. So what. That does not make people with Down syndrome any less deserving of life.
Criminals are the real burdens to society. People with disabilities who might need some help living life to their fullest potential? Living a good and decent life to the best of their ability? They are not the ones who are a burden to society.
15 comments:
- Laura said...
Right on Michelle! I've been thinking about this a lot lately and have never been able to express my thoughts as eloquently as you did just now.
- Muttering Mama said...
You blew me away with this post. Brave and beautiful!!
- ckbrylliant said...
Great post. Thanks for putting this out there. Overheard two very educated African American (terms they used to describe themselves) discussing your first example in the locker room at the gym. They had two very different opinions on President Obama's addressing of the issue. BUT the discussed it calmly, passionately, and respectfully eventually agreeing that they both had good points and that a solution to these types of crimes is not easy. I wish that more people in our society would and could discuss these issues in this manner. And I am confident that the children of these women are getting an earful about it as well. Too often parents are not parenting in this manner which is only one factor in the overall problem and the lack of compassion in our society. More and more we (society) seem to lack the emotional abilities necessary for a caring and peaceful world. Personally, I turn to blogger to find people who are like minded and compassionate finding it harder and harder to connect with 'real' people, so to speak.
- starrlife said...
Wonderful post Michelle! perfect really....
- Tracy said...
Nice post. I had to share!
- lovemy3 said...
Great post!
- ChupieandJ'smama (Janeen) said...
Great post and so true!
Being of "advanced maternal age" I've been offered certain testing by my doctors, the geneticist and even my pediatrician brought it up. But I declined and the shock that all these people register is almost painful. They can not understand why I don't want the testing and even when I explain it to them, they still don't get it. I haven't written a blog post about it yet but I will once the baby is born. One doctor said something so offensive (using stronger words than burden) that I will no longer go to her.
You are correct, no one can predict the future. And one persons burden is another persons blessing.
- the mommy psychologist said...
Just found your blog and will be back again. I had no idea until last year how often pregnancies were terminated when the parents found out the baby would be born with Downs. Last year my best friend got the result and made this decision. I have to admit, I was completely wrecked over it. It made me examine every previous concept I had about life.
"The child psychologist who thought she had all the answers to parenting until she became one herself."
- Ron and Trish said...
well said.
- Kat said...
Amen! If they only base it on the fact that they may need assisted living they still have no point. At any given time any human being could end up needing assistance. Our society today has no morals. If they would get to know an individual with Down Syndrome, our world would be a better place. My son touches the heart of everyone he meets! As a society they could learn a lot from him. Love, compassion and caring for another just to name a few.
- 5boysand1girlmake6.com said...
love! Absolutely love your words! Thank you for advocating for all our children! OXOX Katie
- Penny's Peeps said...
Wow...so well said.... Thank you!
- Cathy said...
Well said!
I know that leaving this comment in the comments section is contrary to its message, but here goes.
It is not wise to read comments, because there are many trolls who feel they can spew whatever they want because they are anonymous and thus protected from the responsibility of their words. It is a sad fact that moderators need to babysit presumably-otherwise-mature adults.
When I was pregnant, I consented to the bloodwork diagnostics, because I wanted to know if I would need to research any particular issue before my child was born. I couldn't have known she would be an extreme preemie, but I did know that if she had Down Syndrome, I'd love her forever just the same.
- Treasures Evermore said...
Wow...what an incredible post....you preach it sister.


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The following opinion by Tony Soltani was published in the Concord (NH) Monitor on November 17, 2013.
New Hampshire has a limited death penalty law – a strict one, with many safeguards. It applies to first-degree premeditated murders with aggravating circumstances. As a former state representative, I voted for that law more than once, although never enthusiastically.
Now I'm rethinking those votes.
We have relatively few such first-degree murders in the state. We have not used the death penalty since 1939 and have used it sparingly since the 18th century. A jury must convict and then find sufficient aggravating circumstances to justify an execution. A judge must confirm the sentence, and a mandatory appeal will follow, with several discretionary and collateral challenges. Unlike in states such as Texas, the governor has authority to commute to life imprisonment or stay an execution. The many safeguards, the narrow scope of the law and the low frequency of crimes sanctionable by death gave me some assurance. I wanted the best of both worlds: the established deterrent value of the law on the books (which applies not to crimes of passion but to those with premeditation) along with the hopes of never applying it.
I am dedicated to the cause of life. Seldom would a crime fit the law, hardly ever would a prosecutor seek it, even more seldom would a jury administer it and no governor would ever allow an execution. After all, no governor with political ambitions from either political party would want to be the first to sign a death warrant since 1939.
That was my thought process. My good friends, Democratic Rep. Jack Pratt of Walpole to my left and Republican Rep. Loren Jean of Litchfield to my right insisted that I was wrong. Years later, a few things have changed which have me questioning my votes.
First, we now have a man on death row in New Hampshire. His actions hardly evoke sympathy; nevertheless, he is human, and taking a human life in a sterile, clinical and controlled setting degrades the human family. For those of us with religious beliefs, it has the undertone of challenging our creator's supremacy, taking what is only God's to give and take.
Second, Project Innocence happened. Hundreds of innocent persons, some men, some women, have been proven not guilty after having been condemned to death.
Finally, the National Academy of Sciences issued a report on forensic sciences in 2009, commissioned by Congress. The findings were disturbing, to say the least.
The great reliance on "forensic sciences" has been misplaced all along. Hair and fiber, ballistics, fingerprints, bite mark analysis, blood splatter, even radar use, are troublingly closer to arts than sciences.
All that I spent days and hours learning is nothing more than junk science. I have no artistic aptitude. The only shining light in forensics is the fairly new technology of DNA, with the proviso that samples are collected properly, stored and transported properly, analyzed properly, and the statistical component is calculated properly. That composite science of biology, physics, chemistry and mathematics has set nearly every innocent free on the initiative of the Innocence Project.
I know I could never serve as executioner. My conscience is deeply troubled for allowing anyone to serve in that capacity in this sacred land in my name. The foreboding words of Pratt and Jean haunt me.
(Tony Soltani is a former Republican state representative from Epsom, NH.)
Sunday, November 17, 2013
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A Mitt Romney event for young professionals who want to meet old hedge-funders
Having sewn up nearly all the right-leaning fund-raisers in New York City, Mitt Romney's campaign is now going after their sons and daughters.
On Thursday night, two of Romney's most committed financial backers, Julian Robertson and John Griffin, will host a relatively low-dollar event for young professionals at Desmond's on East 60th Street.
Story Continued Below
The event is $50 in advance, or $75 at the door, according to the invitation. The host committee includes a few last names in common with some of Romney's other New York events, which usually require a contribution of $1,000 or $2,500, and includes a couple of other recognizable names, like Victoria Thain, the daughter of former Merrill Lynch CEO John Thain.
Robertson, who is 79, isn't exactly a young professional. But as the founder of Tiger Management, a hedge-fund pioneer that spawned many subsequent firms (including Griffin's Blue Ridge Capital), the chance to schmooze with Robertson appears to be the primary draw for the event.


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[HISTORY: Adopted by the County Legislature of the County of Ulster as indicated in article histories. Amendments noted where applicable.]
[Adopted 4-7-2009 by L.L. No. 1-2009]
This article shall be known as the "Ulster County Menu Labeling Act of 2009."
Chain food service establishments shall post on menu boards, menus, and food display tags the calorie content values (in kcal) for each menu item next to the listing of each menu item.
Menu boards and menus. The term "calories" or "cal" shall appear as a heading above a column listing the calorie content value of each menu item or directly adjacent to the calorie content value for each menu item.
Menu boards. On menu boards, calorie content values shall be legible, posted clearly and conspicuously, and displayed in a color as or more prominent than the color in which the name of the menu item or price of the menu item is displayed. Calorie content values shall also be posted in a size and typeface at least as large as the name of the menu item or price, whichever is larger.
Menus. On printed menus, calorie content values shall be legible, printed conspicuously, and displayed in a color as or more prominent than the color in which the name of the menu item or price of the menu item is displayed. Calorie content values shall also be printed in a size and typeface at least as large as the name or price of the menu item.
Food display tags. If a restaurant or similar retail food establishment provides a salad bar, buffet line, cafeteria service, food display case, or arrangement where food is on display, it must provide calories per standard item next to where the item is offered in a size and typeface that are prominent and legible from where customers are choosing those items.
For menu items that come in different flavors and varieties but that are listed as a single menu item, such as, but not limited to, soft drinks, ice cream, pizza, and doughnuts, the median value for calories for all flavors or varieties shall be listed on menus and menu boards if the calorie values for all flavors or varieties are within 20% of the median. If the calorie values are not within 20% of the median, then the range for all the flavors or varieties of that menu item shall be listed from the lowest to the highest value. If a menu item that comes in different varieties is on display with a name placard or similar signage, the calories per serving as offered for sale shall be listed on the placard along with the name. If a menu item is not on display, nutrition information for each individual flavor or variety shall be provided in writing at the point of ordering.
Chain food service establishment owners or operators shall provide to the Department, if requested, information documenting the accuracy of the calorie labeling required by this section.
The Ulster County Board of Health may promulgate rules and regulations as may be necessary to outline parameters and procedures and as may otherwise be necessary to effectuate the purposes of this article.
The Healthy Eating and Living (HEAL Ulster County) Initiative was created in 2007 to quantify the severity of childhood obesity in Ulster County schools and develop initiatives that combat this public health crisis on a local level. In February 2007, a body mass index screening study was commissioned to help determine the scope of childhood obesity in Ulster County. HEAL Ulster initiated a survey of all school districts in Ulster County to understand the level and type of data collection and if they would be willing to participate in a body mass index (BMI) screening for grades one to three.
The participating school nurse, the school's health practitioner or the child's personal physician recorded data from the 2006-2007 school year. Data was used from 2,105 students, 1,027 first graders and 1,078 second graders. Of the 2,105 children, 2% were underweight, 61.85% were of a healthy weight, 16.58% were at risk of becoming overweight, and 19.57% were overweight with 4.75% being extremely overweight. In total, 36.15% of the children (18.48% males and 17.67% females), or one in three, are overweight or at risk of becoming overweight.
One of the goals for Healthy People 2010 is to "promote health and reduce chronic disease associated with diet and weight" by reducing the proportion of children age six to 11 who are overweight or obese to 5% (United States Department of Health and Human Services). [Healthy Eating and Living (HEAL) body mass index screening study: http://www.ulstercountyny.gov/health/UCHDBMIStudyfinal.pdf.]
According to the United States Centers for Disease Control, since the mid seventies, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased sharply for both adults and children. Data from two national health and nutrition examination surveys shows that among adults aged 20 years, the prevalence of obesity increased from 15.0% (in the 1976 survey) to 32.9% (in the 2003 survey). The two surveys also show increases in overweight among children and teens. For children aged two years, the prevalence of overweight increased from 5.0% to 13.9%; for those aged six years, the prevalence increased from 6.5% to 18.8%; and for those aged 12 years, the prevalence increased from 5.0% to 17.4%. These increasing rates raise concern because of their implications for Americans health. Being overweight or obese increases the risk of many diseases and health conditions, including the following: hypertension, dyslipidemia (for example, high total cholesterol or high levels of triglycerides), type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea and respiratory problems, and some cancers (endometrial, breast and colon). A prime cause of overweight and obesity is eating too many calories and not getting enough physical activity.
[Amended 8-17-2010 by L.L. No. 3-2010]]
A key recommendation of a recent Food and Drug Administration sponsored expert group report on obesity and eating away from the home was that "Away-from-home food establishments should provide consumers with calorie information in a standard format that is easily accessible and easy to use. Participants believe that information should be provided in a manner that is easy for consumers to see and use as part of their purchasing and eating decisions. Information should be provided for any standard menu item offered on a regular and ongoing basis that is prepared from a standardized recipe, whether the item is an entire meal or a meal component."
This article will require chain food service establishments in Ulster County to list the calorie content values of menu items on menus and menu boards. Such information, clearly displayed at the point of decision, will allow consumers in Ulster County to exercise personal responsibility and make informed choices for a growing part of their diets.
For purposes of this article, the meaning of terms used in this article shall be as follows:
- A food service establishment which is permitted for operation by the Ulster County Department of Health and that is one of a group of 15 or more food service establishment locations in the United States, whether in Ulster County or elsewhere, offering for sale substantially the same menu items, in servings that are standardized for portion size and content, that operate under common ownership or control or as franchised outlets of a parent business or do business under the same name.
- The Ulster County Department of Health.
- A written or printed description of a food or beverage placed in the vicinity of the item, such as a label or placard identifying a type or the price of ice cream, pastry or doughnut.
- A printed list or pictorial display of food items, and their price(s), that are available for sale from a chain food service establishment and shall include menus distributed or provided outside of the establishment.
- Any list or pictorial display of food items and their price(s) posted in and visible within a chain food service establishment or outside of a chain food service establishment for the purpose of ordering, such as from a drive-through window.
- Any individual food item, or combination of food items, listed or displayed on a menu board, menu or food display tag that is sold by a chain food service establishment.
For the purpose of this article, the term "enforcement officer" shall mean the Ulster County Board of Health or its designee. The enforcement officer may cause to have issued and served upon the person complained against a written notice, together with a copy of the complaint made against him, which shall specify the provisions of this article of which such person is said to be in violation and a statement of the manner in which that person is said to violate it and shall require the person so complained against to answer the charges of such complaint at a public hearing before the Board of Health or its designated hearing officer at a time not less than 15 days after the date of service of notice. The Board of Health may serve, together with a copy of complaint, a stipulation offer to the person complained against to enter into a stipulation under the terms and conditions as set forth in the stipulation offer. The person complained against shall have the option of entering into the stipulation or proceeding with a formal hearing.
If the enforcement officer determines after a hearing that a violation of this article has occurred, a civil penalty may be imposed by the enforcement officer pursuant to Subsection F of this section. Nothing herein shall be construed to prohibit an enforcement officer from commencing a proceeding for injunctive relief to compel compliance with this article.
Any person who desires to register a complaint under this article may do so with any appropriate enforcement officer.
The decision of any hearing officer shall be reviewable pursuant to Article 78 of the Civil Practice Law and Rules.
The enforcement officer, subsequent to any appeal having been finally determined, may bring an action to recover the civil penalty provided in Subsection F of this section.
Any person who violates any provision of this article shall be guilty of a violation punishable by a civil penalty not to exceed $200 a day.
This article shall take effect 180 days after its adoption by the Ulster County Legislature.
[Adopted 3-17-2015 by L.L. No. 4-2015]
This article shall be known as "Food Service Waste Reduction Act."
The Legislature finds and determines that polystyrene foam is a common environmental pollutant and nonbiodegradable substance commonly used as food service ware and that there is no meaningful recycling or reuse of polystyrene foam food service ware.
The Legislature further finds and determines that the Environmental Protection Agency has found that the polystyrene manufacturing process is the fifth largest creator of hazardous waste in the United States.
The Legislature further finds and determines that evidence suggests that a component of polystyrene foam, styrene, is a carcinogen and neurotoxin. According to EPA studies, styrene is now detectable in the fat tissue of every man, woman and child in the United States.
The Legislature further finds and determines that alternative cost-effective biodegradable, compostable and/or reusable food service ware is readily available. Such alternatives are less toxic and more environmentally friendly than polystyrene foam.
The Legislature further finds and determines that the use of biodegradable, compostable food, and/or reuseable service ware will reduce the waste stream and reduce waste costs. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to eliminate the use of polystyrene foam food service ware by food service establishments within Ulster County.
Therefore, the Legislature hereby finds and determines that the prohibition of the use of polystyrene foam disposable food service ware in Ulster County is in the best interests of the citizens of Ulster County.
As used in this article, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:
- A food service establishment or food service establishments operating in Ulster County that is or are part of a group of 15 or more food service establishment locations nationally, doing business under the same trade name, offering predominantly the same types of meals, foods or menus regardless of the type of ownership of the individual food service establishment locations.
- The County of Ulster.
- Any person(s) obtaining prepared food from any food service establishment.
- All bowls, plates, cartons, cups, other containers, trays, or other items designed for one time use on or in which any food service establishment directly places and/or packages food or provides same to customer(s) to place and/or package food or which are used by customer(s) to consume or transport food. This includes, but is not limited to, service ware for takeout prepared food and/or leftovers from partially consumed meals prepared at or by chain food service establishments for consumption at a specific location. This does not include single-use disposable items such as straws, cup lids, or utensils.
- Any establishment, located or providing food within the County of Ulster, which sells or otherwise provides prepared food and/or beverages for public consumption on or off its premises and includes, but is not limited to, any store, shop, sales outlet, restaurant, bar, pub, coffee shop, cafeteria, caterer, convenience store, liquor store, grocery store, supermarket, delicatessen, catering truck, mobile food truck, cart or vehicle, or any other person who provides prepared food; and any organization, group or individual which regularly provides food as a part of its services.
- The Commissioner of Health for Ulster County.
- Any blown polystyrene, expanded, and extruded foams (commonly referred to as "Styrofoam," a Dow Chemical Company trademarked form of polystyrene foam insulation) which are thermoplastic petrochemical materials utilizing a styrene monomer and processed by any number of techniques, including, but not limited to, fusion of polymer spheres (expandable bead polystyrene), injection molding, foam molding, and extrusion blow molding (extruded from polystyrene). Polystyrene foam is generally used to make cups, bowls, plates, trays, clamshell containers, meat trays and egg cartons.
- Any food or beverage which is 1) served in Ulster County or 2) packaged, cooked, chopped, sliced, mixed, brewed, frozen, squeezed, or otherwise prepared on the premises. Prepared food does not include raw meats, poultry and/or seafood sold for the purpose of cooking off premises.
No chain food service establishment shall sell or otherwise provide prepared food in any disposable food service ware that contains polystyrene foam.
No food service establishment shall sell or otherwise provide prepared food in any disposable food service ware that contains polystyrene foam.
No County facilities, County-managed concessions, County-sponsored events or County-permitted events shall distribute or utilize disposable food service containers containing expanded polystyrene or nonrecyclable plastic.
A chain food service establishment or food service establishment may seek an exemption from the prohibition under § 205-10 due to a "unique packaging hardship" under Subsection A of this section or a "financial hardship" under Subsection B of this section.
The chain food service establishment or food service establishment must demonstrate that no reasonably feasible alternative exists to a specific and necessary polystyrene foam disposable food service ware to qualify for a "unique packaging hardship" exemption.
The chain food service establishment or food service establishment must demonstrate both of the following to qualify for a "financial hardship" exemption:
A gross income under $300,000 on their annual income tax filing for the most recent tax year; and
With respect to each specific and necessary polystyrene foam disposable food service ware, that there is no feasible alternative that would cost the same or less than the polystyrene foam disposable food service ware.
The chain food service establishment or food service establishment may submit a written application for an exemption on a form provided by the Department of Health. The Commission of Health or designee ("Commissioner") may require the applicant to submit additional information or documentation to make a determination regarding the exemption request. Within 30 days of receiving a completed application and supporting documentation, if any, the Commissioner must either grant or deny the applicant's request for an exemption and must notify the applicant of his or her determination. A request for exemption shall be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, and may be granted in whole or in part, with or without conditions, for a period of up to 12 months. The chain food service establishment or food service establishment must apply for a new exemption period no later than 60 days prior to the expiration of the then current exemption period to preserve a continuous exemption status. Each application shall be reviewed anew and will be based on the most current information available. The determination of the Commissioner shall be final and is not subject to appeal.
The Commissioner of Health or designee shall have responsibility for notification and enforcement of this article. The Commissioner of Health or designee is authorized to promulgate rules and regulations and take any and all other reasonable actions necessary to implement and enforce this article. Any rules and regulations so promulgated shall be made available on the County of Ulster website in a manner approved by the Commissioner of Health.
Anyone violating or failing to comply with any of the requirements of this article or of any regulation or administrative procedure authorized by it shall be guilty of an infraction.
The County Attorney may seek legal, injunctive, or any other relief to enforce this article and any regulation or administrative procedure authorized by it.
The remedies and penalties provided in this article are cumulative and not exclusive of one another.
Violations of this article shall be enforced as follows:
For the first violation, the Commissioner of Health, or designee, upon determination that a violation of this article has occurred, shall issue a written warning notice to the chain food service establishment or food service establishment which will specify the violation and the appropriate penalties in the event of future violations.
Thereafter, the following penalties shall apply:
First offense. Any chain food service establishment or food service establishment guilty of a first offense shall be guilty of a violation and shall be fined an amount not to exceed $250.
Second offense. Any chain food service establishment or food service establishment guilty of a second offense shall be guilty of a violation and shall be fined an amount not to exceed $500.
Third and subsequent offenses. Any chain food service establishment or food service establishment guilty of a third or subsequent offense shall be guilty of a violation and shall be fined an amount not to exceed $1,000.
Fines are cumulative and each day that a violation occurs shall constitute a separate violation.
For the purpose of this section, each physical location or establishment shall be treated individually, and offenses and fines for separate locations shall be considered individually.
This article shall be null and void on the day that federal or statewide legislation goes into effect, incorporating either the same or substantially similar provisions as are contained in this law, or in the event that a pertinent state or federal administrative agency issues and promulgates regulations preempting such action by the County of Ulster. The County Legislature may determine via mere resolution whether or not identical or substantially similar federal or statewide legislation, or pertinent preempting state or federal regulations have been enacted for the purposes of triggering the provisions of this section.
This article shall be effective six months subsequent to filing in the Office of the Secretary of State for Chain Food Service Establishments, County facilities, County-managed concessions, County-sponsored events and County-permitted events, and one year subsequent to filing in the Office of the Secretary of State for Food Service Establishments. This article shall apply to all transactions occurring on or after the effective dates referenced above.


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|Frequently Asked Questions
We answer e-mails almost every day, and answer many questions time and time again. Please see most of the common questions that we answer in the faq. If your question is not answered here, please contact us!
Do you sell the Juiceman Elite Model?
Sorry, we do not sell the elite model. The Elite is essentially the same as the Juiceman II model, except it has a 2 speed motor. We choose to sell the Juiceman II model, since we have not found a major difference in operation. If you did want a two speed motor juice, the JuiceLady JL500, made by the same manufacturer that makes the Juiceman II and Juiceman Elite has the two speed option.
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Welcome to Morganville, home of the world-wide Morgan membership database, the Morgan Registry! I'm trying to get a list of all Morgan owners and information about their cars. Hopefully this will help someone to find a particular car or fellow Morgan-lover that they may not know about. In addition, feel free to explore the other Morgan resources on Morganville, including Morgan owner polls, articles, price history, production history, and much more.
The Morgan Registry contains the following information about each car: Year, Type, Chassis Number, Color, Owner, Location, and Email. To search or filter, choose "Show Options" at the top.
We also welcome any additions you may have to the registry! If you wish to be added, please fill out this form. Thanks!


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Don't see your question? Visit our help section.
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NASCAR The Game: Inside Line blows open the adrenaline-fuelled world of stock car racing, thrusting you right into the heart of the world's best motor sports racing series.
Whether you compete as yourself or a favorite NASCAR Sprint Cup Series driver, it's you against the other official NASCAR teams and manufacturers. It's the only game that gives you the ultimate NASCAR experience with officially licensed cars, teams, drivers, tracks, rules and events. Will you let the pros rattle your cage, or will you show them what legends are truly made of?
Take the wheel in thrilling real-life race moments, reliving the moves of actual NASCAR drivers from the 2012-2013 race seasons. Telemetry data collected from the tracks is used to create in-game challenges that are more than mere simulations, they are recreations of NASCAR's most gripping real-life moments for you to experience first-hand. This is your chance to rewind, relive and rewrite NASCAR history.
With NASCAR The Game: Inside Line you get:
NASCAR The Game: Inside Line is the most accurate, most realistic and most fun officially licensed NASCAR game experience ever. This is what you've been waiting for.
Check out all the latest NASCAR Heat Evolution games and accessories available for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One now.
Rated 7.25 out of 10 by Game Informer.
Pro Price


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Property Facts
Open House
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Benton County, AR, USA
Buying a property?
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Selling a property?
Book a free valuation and learn more about listing your property with Purplebricks.


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Sherlock Holmes Movie Online
Kamis, 28 Agustus 2014 0 komentar
- Languages ??spoken : English
- Youtube Id : -youtube_id-
- Original title : Sherlock Holmes
- Movie Genre : Action, Adventure, Comedy, Crime, Drama, Mystery, Thriller,
- Status : Released
- Film Note : -movie_rating-
- Societies of production : Warner Bros Pictures
- Vote Count : 2381
- Tagline : Nothing escapes him.
- Release Date of film : 2009-12-25
- Average rate : 6.7
- Duration of movie : 128
- Robert Downey Jr. Character (Sherlock Holmes)
- Jude Law Character (Dr. John Watson)
- Rachel McAdams Character (Irene Adler)
- Mark Strong Character (Lord Blackwood)
- Eddie Marsan Character (Inspector Lestrade)
- Robert Maillet Character (Dredger)
- Geraldine James Character (Mrs. Hudson)
- Kelly Reilly Character (Mary)
- William Houston Character (Constable Clark)
- Hans Matheson Character (Lord Coward)
- James Fox Character (Sir Thomas Rotheram)
- William Hope Character (Ambassador Standish)
- Clive Russell Character (Captain Tanner)
- Oran Gurel Character (Reordan)
- David Garrick Character (McMurdo)
- Kylie Hutchinson Character (Maid)
- Andrew Brooke Character (Guard Captain)
- Tom Watt Character (Carriage Driver)
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- Sebastian Abineri Character (Coach Driver)
- Jonathan Gabriel Robbins Character (Guard)
- James A. Stephens Character (Captain Philips)
- Terry Taplin Character (Groundskeeper)
- Bronagh Gallagher Character (Palm Reader)
- Ed Tolputt Character (Anonymous Man)
- Joe Egan Character (Big Man)
- Jefferson Hall Character (Young Guard)
- Miles Jupp Character (Waiter)
- Marn Davies Character (Police Officer)
- Andrew Greenough Character (Prison Guard)
- Ned Dennehy Character (Man with Roses)
- Martin Ewens Character (Removable Man)
- Amanda Grace Johnson Character (Young Woman Sacrifice)
- James Greene Character (Governor)
- David Emmings Character (Grave Policeman)
- Ben Cartwright Character (Grave Policeman)
- Chris Sunley Character (Grave Policeman)
- Michael Jenn Character (Preacher)
- Timothy O'Hara Character (Porter / Smith)
- Guy Williams Character (Golden Dawn Envoy)
- Peter Miles Character (Thug)
- Jonathan Bridge Character (Man Carrying Tray of Fish in Market (uncredited))
- Sam Creed Character (Thug (uncredited))
- Radu Andrei Cucu Character (Frenzy Man (uncredited))
- James Currie Character (Prison Guard (uncredited))
- Jason Daly Character (Man with Dog (uncredited))
- Paul J. Dove Character (Bishop (uncredited))
- Neil Findlater Character (Photographer (uncredited))
- Kas Graham Character (Dog Fighter (uncredited))
- Thomas Kadman Character (Pallbearer (uncredited))
- Brendan McCoy Character (Fishmonger (uncredited))
- Matthew Radway Character (Barman (uncredited))
- Robert Stone Character (Prizefighter (uncredited))
- John Warman Character (Policeman (uncredited))
Sherlock Holmes Synopsis:
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Judul: Sherlock Holmes Movie OnlineSemoga artikel ini bermanfaat bagi saudara. Jika ingin mengutip, baik itu sebagian atau keseluruhan dari isi artikel ini harap menyertakan link dofollow ke http://cewek-cantik-suka-bugil.blogspot.com/2014/08/sherlock-holmes-movie-online.html. Terima kasih sudah singgah membaca artikel ini.
Ditulis oleh Unknown
Rating Blog 5 dari 5
Ditulis oleh Unknown
Rating Blog 5 dari 5


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A small amount of insulation caught fire in a stairwell wall cavity during construction-related demolition today (Dec. 30) at the HUB-Robeson Center on Penn State's University Park campus. Contractors were cutting a steel beam near the Robeson center end of the building and crews suspect a spark flew into the exterior wall cavity, igniting some insulation. The fire was extinguished quickly and there were no injuries.
Construction workers called 9-1-1 at 1:42 p.m., and the Alpha Fire Co. responded, along with Penn State University Ambulance 20, Penn State Police, and representatives from the University's Office of Environmental Health and Safety and Office of Physical Plant.
The construction crew members were the only occupants of the building, which is closed through Jan. 1 while Penn State is on winter break.
While the small fire gave off a lot of smoke, there is no structural or interior damage to the building. Workers are using large fans to clear the smoke from the building. Fire crews departed the scene about 3:15 p.m.


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Electronic project of Olgerd "Dunkel" and Irina "Tunrida" from St. Petersburg, Russia. Name DA changed at the beginning of 2007. Sound comes from classic electronics, synthpop, oldschool EBM, under the influence of English post-industrial. Extreme position is in depressing lyrics and samples - mysanthropy, negation of society and regime, survival among chaos and struggle against self-destruction.
Mar 11, 2012
Dunkel Aesthetics - Levashovskaja Pustosh
Posted by Arhiwater at 17:11
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Specializing in Art Jewelry
Handmade and collectible items including art jewelry, hot glass work, wooden boxes, clay animals, batik paintings and feather masks.
The Jewel Box is a fine craft and art gallery representing over 50 local, regional and national artists. Read more....
The Jewel Box Gallery
NEW LOCATION - 40 Spring Street - Eureka Springs, AR -: 479-253-7828


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Note: Actual representation may differ from stock photography lawyers
Welcome to another episode of Days of our iPhone Lawsuits, where no suit is out of bounds. This time around it's the Law Office of Damian R. Fernandez and The Law Office of M. Van Smith, who are seeking California residents who fall under any of the following criteria:
- You own an iPhone and you want to transfer to a wireless carrier other than AT&T. You fall into this category even if you did not unlock your iPhone or have your iPhone disabled by an iPhone update.
- Your iPhone was disabled, malfunctioned, or you had third-party applications erased after you downloaded iPhone update 1.1.1.
- You contacted Apple to repair your iPhone and Apple refused to honor your warranty because you did any one the following: (1) unlocked your iPhone, or (2) installed a third party application.
- You incurred a cancellation fee from your previous wireless carrier when you transferred to AT&T's wireless service.
- You purchased a third-party warranty at extra cost for your iPhone because of Apple's released statement that it will not honor warranties on unlocked iPhones.
- You incurred roaming charges while travelling [sic] abroad with your iPhone.
We hear other grounds for hopping on this particular class action bandwagon include dropping your iPhone while sneezing and allowing your two-year-old to flush your iPhone down the toilet.
Truth be told, we're getting just as worn out by these class actions as you are, although most of these complaints are indeed quite valid on one level or another (whether or not we personally agree with them). For example, while cancellation fees are in no way new to the iPhone, they are being taken somewhat seriously by members of Congress. As usual, we'll keep our ears open for news of this suit getting anywhere.


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Reviewed by Samantha M. (age 5)
My favorite part of the story was when the bat came into the house and was going up and down and scaring the curly ghosts. It was so funny. The curly ghosts were going all over the place in the house and their faces looked so funny.
I would tell other kids to read the book because it is my favorite book and the faces of the ghosts make me laugh. I think all kids should read this book because it is a book that will make you smile.
(Review dictated to Mrs. Downey)


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Out to Where But the Rocks Remain
"The McGarrigle Sisters, they were stunningly gifted writers. They were really, truly writers in the very best sense of the word. I mean, that's an incredible song, 'Talk to Me of Mendocino.' When you think about the kinds of risks they take—"out to where but the rocks remain"—I mean, who else in the world would sing, you know, 'Never had the blues from whence I came, but in New York State I caught 'em'? They have that strange, schoolmarmish, very old-fashioned approach to language, which is still in some parts of Canada, and they absolutely refuse to make any concessions to what trendy is, which I love about them. And then they have this really gifted way of just twisting a little phrase. It makes them just extraordinarily good, I think. Same with 'Heart Like a Wheel,' which is just an amazingly good song. Beautifully, beautifully written."
– Linda Ronstadt, on the phone with me in 2006.
Kate McGarrigle died yesterday. They say you always learn something from obituaries, and the common eulogy that Kate wrote and performed something called "women's music" was my lesson about the world and how it thinks. Or doesn't, as the case may be. Scores of women have covered her songs. Who are the guys? Loudon, Rufus and Billy Bragg.
I have always wondered why the town of Mendocino hasn't elected this as their theme song. It could play over loudspeakers hidden in redwoods on Highway 1 just after Albion, heralding one's approach. Even just the cello intro would achieve the desired effect.
Tags: Death, Kate McGarrigle, Linda Ronstadt, McGarrigle Sisters, R.I.P., Talk to Me of Mendocino


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Governor Quinn, Secretary White and State Superintendent Koch encourage students to use free reading tool during Summer Break
'Find a Book' Search Tool Aims to Fight Summer Learning Loss
SPRINGFIELD, IL – Governor Pat Quinn, Secretary of State Jesse White and State Superintendent of Education Christopher A. Koch encouraged all students across Illinois to access a free online tool designed to promote summer reading and keep students' brains active before school resumes in the fall. State leaders agree that summer vacation should not signal a break from learning for Illinois' 2 million students.
"By reading during summer months, students can build a strong bridge from one school year to the next,†Governor Quinn said. "This free online tool is a great way for children to spend time with their parents while sharpening reading skills and preparing for the year ahead.â€
The online "Find a Book†utility at www.lexile.com/findabook provides a way for parents and children to quickly and easily search books that match a child's reading level and interests as well as locate a local library carrying each title.
Research shows that struggling learners score significantly higher on standardized tests taken at the start of summer than they do on the same tests taken at summer's end. This summer learning loss is particularly evident in reading and is most pronounced among students from low socioeconomic backgrounds who may not have access to books. Studies show children who read through the summer months retain more of their academic skills and are better prepared to learn at the start of the school year.
Librarians, who have long promoted summer reading, are also encouraged to use "Find a Book.†Library staff can assist parents and students with the "Find a Book†utility and Lexile measures to help them find appropriate books.
"Libraries in Illinois promote reading year round, and the `Find a Book' search tool complements those efforts,'' said Secretary of State Jesse White, who serves as State Librarian. "I urge parents to read with their children every day to help them develop a lifelong love of reading and learning. When children begin reading on their own, they make gains in the classroom and open themselves to new and exciting worlds.â€
The "Find a Book" utility uses a student's reading score, reported as a Lexile® measure, from state standardized tests, including the ISAT, to provide a Lexile range and corresponding list of texts within that range. The Lexile range for a reader is from 50L above his or her Lexile measure to 100L below. If a student attempts to read material above their Lexile range, the text may challenge the student and his or her ability to construct meaning from the reading experience may decrease. Likewise, material below a reader's Lexile range will provide him or her with little comprehension challenge.
The Lexile® Framework was used in the development of the reading standards for the new Common Core State Standards, which schools across the state are in the process of implementing. The new standards replace the outdated Illinois State Learning Standards and ensure students leave high school ready for college and careers.
Users of the "Find a Book†search tool can also find appropriate books without a Lexile measure through a search using the child's grade level and comfort with the typical reading materials at that grade level. The search utility will produce a starting Lexile range that can be further refined.
"Reading builds knowledge and is crucial to students' long-term success,†State Superintendent Koch said. "Good reading habits begin at home. Parents can help their children develop strong reading skills by using the 'Find a Book' site to find age-appropriate materials that will keep their students engaged and excited about learning.â€
"Find a Book" also offers a Spanish option that allows users to search all of the titles with Spanish Lexile measures. More information on Spanish Lexile measures is available at http://www.lexile.com/about-lexile/el-sistema-para-leer.
State officials urge school administrators, parents and librarians to promote summer reading with letters and informational flyers posted online at the State Board of Education's summer reading website:
They also encourage parents and educators to participate in Illinois Reads, a statewide literacy program launched by the Illinois Reading Council to encourage state residents of all ages to read books by Illinois authors. Secretary of State White serves as honorary chair of the program and more information, including recommended children titles, can be found at www.illinoisreads.org.
For the latest news from the Illinois State Board of Education, follow us on Twitter at https://twitter.com/#!/ISBEnews or Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/pages/Illinois-State-Board-of-Education/136022251779. Visit the official ISBE website at http://www.isbe.net.Â


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Sir John Lavery
British/Irish (born in Northern Ireland), 1856–1941
The Countess of Oxford and Asquith, The Wharf, Sutton Courtenay, 1925
oil on canvas
63.8 x 76.5 cm
Collection of the Winnipeg Art Gallery; Gift of Mrs. Cyril W.A. Chivers in memory of her husband
Born Emma Alice Margaret Tennant, Margot Asquith, Countess of Oxford and Asquith (1864–1945) was the wife of Herbert Henry Asquith, who became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1908–1916). The couple left a large house on Cavendish Square in London to take up official residence at 10 Downing Street during Asquith's term in office. The Wharf in Sutton Courtenay in Oxfordshire, built in 1912, was the couple's weekend home, and it was here that the Countess entertained her artist and literary friends, including the painter Sir John Lavery. The Irish-born Lavery was known for his "portrait interiors" of the rich and famous, and through his dealer, Joseph Duveen, he earned a similar reputation with American clients. Lavery had studied in London and Paris before settling in Glasgow (where he was raised), becoming one of the leaders of the Glasgow Boys, a group of young painters identified by their interest in naturalism.
Gallery Hours
- Tuesday 11am-5pm
- Wednesday 11am-5pm
- Thursday 11am-5pm
- Friday 11am-9pm
- Saturday 11am-5pm
- Sunday 11am-5pm
- Closed Monday


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Week 6 : Ravens 31, Dallas Cowboys 29
What happened: The Ravens survived a frantic Cowboys comeback when Dallas wide receiver Dez Bryant dropped a potential game-tying two-point conversion and moments later, Dan Bailey pushed a 51-yard field-goal attempt wide left as time expired. It marked the Ravens' NFL-best 14th straight win at home, but it came at quite a cost. The Ravens lost leading tackler and emotional leader Lewis (torn right triceps) and top cornerback Lardarius Webb (torn left anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus) to season-ending injuries. Their run defense was also gouged for a franchise-worst 227 rushing yards. Star of the game: Rice only touched the ball 17 times, but he totaled 106 yards and two touchdowns. His first of two 1-yard touchdown runs midway through the second quarter tied the game at 10, and his second gave the Ravens a 31-23 lead with 4:41 to play and was the game's decisive score. Turning point: The Ravens' lead was down to 17-13 and their defense was offering little resistance when Jacoby Jones took a kickoff 8 yards deep, decided to take the ball out and didn't stop running until he broke out into a Deion Sanders-like dance in the Cowboys' end zone. The 108-yard kickoff return, sprung by an Anthony Allen block, was the longest in Ravens history. Key stats: The Cowboys had possession for 40:03, compared to just 19:57 for the Ravens. The Ravens also were out-gained 481 to 316. The Cowboys committed 13 penalties for 82 yards. Quote: "I don't know if we necessarily deserve to win this game, but we'll take it," Flacco said. "We'll get the hell out of here really quick and go home and fall asleep and wake up the next morning with a win."
Baltimore Sun photo by Karl Merton Ferron
Copyright © 2019, The Baltimore Sun, a Baltimore Sun Media Group publication | Place an Ad


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Arsenal end trophy drought with FA Cup win
Arsenal ended its nine-year trophy drought on Saturday, coming from two goals...
Outfielder Michael Saunders was one of four
players to agree to one-year contracts with the Seattle Mariners on
Saunders, 26, has played parts of the past four seasons with the Mariners. He
set career highs across the board in 2012, batting .247 with 19 home runs, 31
doubles, 57 RBI and 125 hits over 139 games.
The Mariners also signed infielder Alex Liddi as well as pitchers Carter Capps
and Brandon Maurer.
Liddi, a native of Italy, has played in 53 combined games with Seattle over
the past two years, batting .224 with six home runs.
Capps made his big league debut with the Mariners last season, compiling a
3.96 ERA in 18 relief appearances.
Maurer spent the 2012 campaign in Double-A, going 9-2 with a 3.20 ERA in 24
starts for the Jackson Generals.


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I should probably start off by writing about my adventures in San Diego last weekend. Great friends, food and weather made for a wonderful time. But right now, my head is still woozy from drinking half a tequila at dinner, so it's probably best that I wait until I can get all my facts straight.
While it's still fresh in my mind, I had a terrific first night in LA. It's not often that I get to meet other food bloggers, espcially one whose writing, blogging frequency, and good taste I revere. So as you can probably imagine, I was ecstatic to have dinner with Sarah from The Delicious Life last night.
Aside from finally getting to see what she looked like above the jawline, I took the opportunity to ask all the questions that had been accumulating in my head for the past two years. Questions like, who are you? and how do you manage post so frequently when it takes me weeks to write a single entry that's not nearly as witty? Before tonight, I'd only met three other food bloggers (Rob and Rachel and June) and I always get a kick from feeling like I already know them even though it's our first in-person encounter. So as you might expect, Sarah is as funny and interesting as she is on her blog, with camera in tow to take pictures of every dish we ordered.
Speaking of which, we had dinner at Tlapazola, a Mexican restaurant specializing in Oaxacan cuisine. My experience with Mexican food doesn't extend much beyond burritos and quesadillas, so eating cactus and shrimp with blini-like pancakes was all new to me, but delicious nonetheless. Many thanks to Sarah for a wonderful evening!


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Consumer-page for Game Center on Apple's site
- Filed under: Game Center, iPhone, iPod
- Date: Sep 1,2010
Following today's releasedate announcement of Game Center at today's keynote, Apple has now placed a Game Center information page on its website to get you ready for Game Center. It does give some info on how you will be able to login, that once you are logged in you stay logged in even if you leave the app and you will be able to change your public nickname. The page doesn't really reveal any new information, but it's definitely worth a visit if you like Apple's productpages and nice pictures.