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"Big Healthy Babies"
The headline read: "Record Breaking Baby Born at Paoli Hospital" and then the abbreviated story of one mom's birth of her extra-large child unfolded.
"Six-day-old Blake Alexander Ciarlone is the new biggest baby born at Paoli Hospital, according to available records dating back to 2002.
"Born to Allison and Daniel Ciarlone, he was 12 pounds nine ounces, beating the previous record, set last year, by two ounces.
"Blake is Allison and Daniel's second child and follows the trend set by his 2-year-old brother, Landon James Matthew Ciarlone, who was born at 10 pounds 13 ounces. Both births were planned Cesarean sections because Allison was getting too big. Blake was born four days early, and his brother Landon was born two weeks early."
I posted the story on my Navelgazing Midwife Facebook Page and surely made some comment or another about the mom having Gestational Diabetes. Often when these articles come out, there is a disclaimer inside the piece stating, "Gestational Diabetes can cause babies to be this large, but <mom's last name> did not." Or, "Baby Ciarlone was born healthy." In this article, we get a hint about mom's diet during the pregnancy, unusual in these stories.
"Both were pretty normal pregnancies, said Allison. She ate what she wanted, but it wasn't anything excessive…. 'I guess I just carry big babies,' she said."
Does she?
Here unfolds the discussion and I'll answer the questions directed at me as we go along even though it becomes clear I didn't answer during the discussion. These interjections will be in italics.
JT: Is it just me or are these stories getting more and more common?
KBH: They are! I have seen so many news articles and stories of babies 10lb+ lately who are obviously macrosomic, etc. and it's driving me nuts! Every single one, mom is "I guess I just make them big." Really, really wish people would wake up and realize that this is an issue!
CG: "big healthy baby" /sigh. Big doesn't mean healthy.
TWJ: But big doesn't necessarily mean unhealthy either. Just a thought.
SS-R: There's a difference between a "big, healthy baby" and a "macrosomic baby". Unfortunately, most news stories don't differentiate. I've seen a 10lb+ baby that was lean, stocky and long. Both parents were tall and stocky, with mom hovering around six feet tall and dad towering over her. Baby had great APGARS and perfect blood sugar. THAT is NOT the typical "biggest baby born" you see cropping up in the news.
HH: "Since she was measuring about 40 inches around (t)he waist at 36 weeks, her doctor "didn't want to take any chances," said Allison."
I am confused… I was almost 60 inches with my last. What's the big deal. (This was referring to: "Since she was measuring about 40 inches around he waist at 36 weeks, her doctor 'didn't want to take any chances,' said Allison. They planned the cesarean section and were expecting another 10 pound baby, but were surprised by the extra two pounds.")
Also, not to be rude, but she is a plus size momma. 40 inches isn't that big of a waist. Was she a size 5 before the pregnancy or something?
I can testify... I make big babies. My last was 9'13. I only gained 35 lbs and NO GD. Big can be healthy.
I wonder how much weight she gained.
NgM: It's important to know that diet is not the only way to control GDM or IR. Sometimes it takes medications as well. I've known women to be meticulous with their diets and still have 10+ pound macrosomic babies because their pancreas needed more help than just the dietary changes. The diet certainly helps in these cases… imagine how large the babies would be without that help from mom… but the baby sometimes needs more help than even mom can offer.
KL-D: Is there any indication that this baby wasn't healthy?
NgM: A baby that big is, most assuredly, not healthy. HH: There can be Insulin Resistance long before GDM and IR affects the size of babies, too. The GTT is an archaic screen/test, the best we have at the moment, but it doesn't catch all cases of IR (the lower limits catch some, however). HH: They meant fundal height, not waist measurement.
TS: So, stupid question maybe for NGM-- if a mom is diagnosed with GDM or insulin resistance and is untreated aside from changing one's diet, is it possible to have a normal-sized baby?
NgM: No question is stupid! However, I'm not sure I understand this one totally. Let me try, though. If mom IS diagnosed with IR or GDM and changes her diet, is it possible to have a normal-weighted baby? Absolutely. If mom is diagnosed with IR or GDM and changes her diet, is it possible she might still have an LGA or macrosomic baby? Absolutely, because of the possibility of the pancreas needing more help than diet can offer… mom needing medications to help as well. Did I answer that right?
We don't talk about it enough, but it isn't just diet… there is also a huge part of the puzzle with exercise. Exercise helps the pancreas metabolize the food in many different ways. Simplistically, it gives the pancreas more power to shoot out the insulin as well as burning some of the food through energy expenditure instead of it needing to be metabolized with insulin. If pregnant women walked for 15-20 minutes after each appropriately sized meal (and appropriate carbs!), it can make or break an IR/GDM experience.
AKS: TS, I believe the answer has to do with tight control of blood sugars, which is sometimes possible via diet and sometimes not.
Also, I have a friend who just had a 9 lb. 2 oz. 23 inch baby. Definitely no GD--she tested her blood sugar 4 times/day before the GTT, which she passed. Baby had heel sticks after birth, zero blood sugar problems. Maybe some women really do grow big healthy babies? They just don't make the news?
NgM: Depending on who you ask, 4000 grams (8lbs 13oz) or 4500 grams (9lbs 15oz) = LGA or macrosomic (two different definitions, by the way, but often used interchangeably), so 9lbs 2oz would barely fit one description and not the other one at all. I hardly waggle my eyebrows unless the baby is over 4500 grams. Unless mom is under about 5'5".
Also, I've read in diabetic literature that testing four times a day is hardly adequate to determine how a person's blood glucoses are doing in any 24 hour period. Even four times a day and the HgbA1c together won't track the ups and downs that happen throughout the day. 10-12 times a day is a more accurate number of finger sticks needed.
This is why I've wished the three day continuous monitor might replace the Glucose Screen and GTT. The continuous monitor measures glucoses every 3-5 minutes for three days. Now that's accurate! Here's a great explanation about why the four times a day and the HgbA1c aren't the most accurate ways to gauge BGs.
CS: This is the topic that had me hooked to NgM :) I ended up on her blog a few months ago for something entirely unrelated, and went to bed that night with a sigh of relief. I knew I had big babies and I always knew there was something not right. Hearing that IR can cause macrosomic babies was the light bulb I needed in this pregnancy. It makes sense. I'm 5'2, and both dads are 5'11 and under. So I always questioned where 9lb 2.5oz 23" and 9lb 5oz 24" babies came from. I hated hearing that I just made big babies, but it was a mantra I began to accept. My second son is huge. He's the size of his 4 year old brother. If I was going on just him, I'd agree I made big babies. But his brother normaled out quite quickly after birth. My first had a perfect APGAR, my second had a 7 and they took him to the nursery and his sugars were off. Add that with my dad's diabetes diagnosis at the beginning of this pregnancy, and the pouch around my middle that I can't get rid of, and I believe that I fit the category of IR macrosomic baby maker. Up until getting sick over a month ago, my diet was great. But I've gone off the diabetes lifestyle change as it was harder to maintain while battling chest infections with little sleep and raising my boys. I'm 24 weeks now, so I'm hoping to be healthy enough soon to regain my energy levels so I can change my lifestyle again and hopefully better my pregnancy, delivery, and my daughter's future. Thank you NgM for your logical and informative information on this subject. I wish you were able to reach more women on the subject.
Also, what was the test you recommended again? The one that tests 3 months worth opposed to the blood glucose level test? I'm going for the routine one next week and I don't suspect anything will come of it, but whether during pregnancy or after, I want to take that test just to see.
(Ps. I thought it was funny when my midwife asked if I wanted the glucose testing, I told her yes, but that I already changed my lifestyle based on the information I read on your blog. She smiled at me and nodded. She totally knew who you were and was supportive of the same information you speak of! Just thought it was cool that you are that well known up here in Canada too!)
NgM: Hilarious! And I'm flattered.
KDK: A1c is the more accurate test.
NgM: Yes, the Hemoglobin A1c is another measure of how a woman's glucoses are doing, but it can only see from the point of the test backwards three months. Therefore, testing in pregnancy is good for observation, but not for diagnosing GDM. The reason the GD screen and GTT are done about 28 weeks is because that's when the mechanism for pancreatic stress takes effect. While it seems gradual, it wouldn't be surprising if it was a light switch reaction to the pancreas hitting its stress limit. Not diabetic one day and diabetic the next. Doubtful, but sometimes it's easier to visualize what happens if you think of it that way.
But we know that Diabetes is a spectrum, it's a ramping up of glucose in the blood because the pancreas gets more and more exhausted trying to keep up with metabolizing food intake. That's why there can be tight control over food and exercise, but the pancreas still needing more help with medications because mom can only do so much. Diet and exercise are crucial… taking meds instead of changing the diet and exercising is inappropriate and probably pretty ineffective… but together, it can be awesome for the mom and baby.
SS-R: At 60, my mother has no signs of IR or Diabetes, she had four babies ranging from 9lbs even to 9lbs 15.5ozs. Diabetes in all its forms is virtually unheard of in our family at all, in fact. MOST babies born on my mother's side of the family are between 9 & 10 pounds (big, but generally not considered macrosomic). I think we need to be careful to distinguish between the two. There is such a thing as big and healthy, and I think we are going to be seeing more and more of it as people are eating better during pregnancy, as humans get taller with each generation, as smoking decreases- both during pregnancy and prior to it. There are a lot of things known to contribute to SGA babies, even in a good-sized baby, those things- or the lack of them- can cause a variation of a few ounces one way or the other, and when you are talking about people with a family or genetic disposition to babies that are on the upper end of that size bell curve, a few ounces can make a big difference.
That said, I am not one of the people who believe that all big babies are healthy, or that GD doesn't exist. I simply think we need to be cautious not to be diagnosing mothers and babies with medical conditions based on a single factor and without access to their medical information.
S: as I pointed out in my previous comment (and if someone could link the blog post where NgM discusses this in full) I kind of have a triple threat against me. I may have self-diagnosed, but it's not affecting my life. It's a lifestyle change that really is a billion times better for me. Diabetes can hit anyone at any time, regardless of genetics (although usually they do play a part). I would rather change my lifestyle now and possibly have a smaller baby (less traumatic birth) and possibly avoid becoming full-fledged diabetic later in life. Some women obviously make big babies. Genetics is great like that. But, the 3 strikes were that I had one child who was born large but who normalized after birth (i.e. he wasn't that high in the percentiles, but rather quite normal), diabetes runs in my family with my dad being diagnosed quite recently, and I've had recent weight gain (mainly in waist area). One thing on that list doesn't necessarily mean IR. It doesn't mean that it's not IR either, but I firmly believe that with each checkmark on the list, the chances are increased immensely. I think more needs to be studied on this to help more women. Diabetes is awful on its own, but to know what it does to your heart and the rest of your systems is enough to want to avoid it at all costs. I don't ever think that NgM is throwing everyone under the big babies = undiagnosed IR or worse bus. But I do think that her way of thinking could change the face of pregnancy and even diabetes as we know it for the world over.
LA: Seems to me that generalizations do one thing: hurt mom and babies (yeah, generalizing about generalizations).
There are big healthy babies. There are big unhealthy babies. There are small healthy babies. There are small unhealthy babies. ...There are many in between.
Lumping Mommas and babies into predetermined risk categories based on generalizations and assumptions is killing maternity care in the US. It ties everyone's hands. I don't understand why providers perpetuate one size fits all care. Who benefits? Not me. Not my kids. Lazy, CYA based medicine. Hmmm. There ya go.
I have 10-11 lb babies. In nearly 15 years of having babies I have never shows signs of or tested remotely positive for diabetes or IR (not GD bullshit, real diabetes). I have no family history of diabetes. I have children who have remained in the 90th + percentile to off the charts into their teens.
I grow big, healthy, strong babies and they grow into big, healthy, strong kids. My family has lots of big, healthy long lived adults.
Maybe those providing maternity care need some diversity training and lessons on genetics.
NgM: The size of your babies alone puts you at risk for future diabetes and unless you stay active and normal-weighted, you could very well end up with diabetes, too. It's great you've avoided it so far, but I find it incredibly difficult to believe your babies were that big without any IR issues going on. But, that's part of your argument, right? That I (and other providers) lump you in with the others… so 'round and 'round we go.
SS-R: C- I was in no way directing my comment at you. I was speaking about how quick some people are to call every large baby unhealthy when ALL they know is birth weight. In fact, I would be MORE inclined to give credence to your strong sense that something was off than to the medical professionals that told you everything was fine. If you were my friend and you were telling me this, I would PUSH you to fight for answers and to trust your gut.
I also think that IR does need to be taken into account, especially given the rise we are seeing in PCOS and related issues being diagnosed, and more attention needs to be paid to nutritional counseling prior to and during pregnancy than simply the 'weigh and shame' routine that many moms encounter.
CS: I think the problem is simply the testing for GD doesn't screen for IR which can cause problems much the same. To know that and to see big babies being born and to hear statements like "She ate everything she wanted" (which usually equates to salt and sugars... not many people make that statement when referring to copious amounts of fruits and vegetables and steak), you can't help but wonder. I don't think she is throwing this mom or anyone else under the bus, but raising an important topic of concern. How many babies are born that big where it is genetics? Are they still truly healthy or is there lower APGARS, messed up blood sugars, or even outside of just birth, what are the risks in the future? And if it's genetics, can diet and exercise (assuming there is no true GD that requires insulin) bring the size of the baby into normal parameters to minimize the risks? Or does genetics truly determine that the baby will be large no matter what (and presumably healthy)? In which case how can screening be done accurately to risk out women who do have undiagnosed IR? Can studies be done to prove the risks associated with living a lifestyle that creates a larger baby in that case?
So many questions, so many theories, and I think everyone just wants happy, healthy babies in the end. But I'm happy that someone is asking these questions and getting people talking about it. I'm kind of ill right now and heading to bed, but I'll try to find the link to NgM's blog entry on this. She does mention the 3 strikes rule instead of just focusing solely on the big baby aspect. Like I said, I have 3 strikes against me. It doesn't mean I have IR or will most certainly develop GD or DM, but it does light a fire under my bum to make some needed changes in my life. Do I need pop? Nope. Do I need 4+ teas with 2tsp of sugar every day? Nope. Do I need more exercise? Certainly. Living the lifestyle like I have diabetes isn't limiting at all. In fact I never felt better and I'm sure I was increasing my quality of life as well as my life expectancy. Even if the testing comes back that I'm not even IR and even if I just do make big babies, I'll still be thankful for the motivation to change my life and my habits as it can only be making my life better:)
MM: I had diet-controlled GD with my first pregnancy - my sugar control was spot on and I delivered a healthy 9lb 7oz boy. I figured he was big due the GD but my second, with absolutely no GD was 9lb exactly. My last, again with absolutely no GD, was born at 37 weeks, perfectly healthy weighing 7lb. By his due date he was 9lb. I've come to the conclusion that I do just make big healthy babies. They stay big til about 6 months, and then they even out to average size.
NgM:This was a great conversation, ladies… thanks for exploring it more in-depth. It certainly is one of my favorite topics.


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Israel News - Stay Informed, Pray Informed
An International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) report published on Tuesday asserting that Iran is indeed trying to build nuclear weapons was unsurprisingly the talk of Israel on Wednesday morning.
Israel's top daily newspapers carried massive frontpage headlines warning that fears of a nuclear Iran are materializing, after the IAEA report suggested the Islamic Republic could field as many as four nuclear warheads in the near future.
The report outlined how Iran had in recent years been working on nuclear bomb design and triggers, and had been testing the kinds of high explosives used in such weapons. It was also suggested that Pakistan, North Korea and, to a lesser extent, Russia had been aiding Iran in its quest to build a nuclear weapon.
Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee chairman Shaul Mofaz said that the contents of the report were "not news to Israel," but did provide a good opportunity to get the international community on board for harsher action against Iran and its defiant nuclear program.
While US officials did say that increased American sanctions against Iran could be expected, it is unlikely that the UN will impose any additional sanctions due to Russian and Chinese opposition.
Both Russia and China continue to insist that the international community is making too big of a deal over Iran's nuclear program.
In light of the world's continuing inability to deal with the threat, even when that threat is confirmed by the UN itself, talk of an Israeli strike on Iran's nuclear facilities is increasing.
The head of Israel's military censor said he did not feel that the public debate in Israel over whether or not to preepmtively strike Iran was a risk to national security.
Meanwhile, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad condemned the IAEA report as "politically motivated," but then turned around and declared that Iran will continue its nuclear development despite international pressure.
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European Commission
Press release
Brussels, 18 July 2012
Romania: Urgent action needed to demonstrate commitment to rule of law and judicial independence
Romania needs to ensure respect for the rule of law and judicial independence to win back the trust of its partners in the EU, says the report adopted by the Commission today under the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism (CVM). The report covers a period of five years since Romania's accession to the EU in 2007 and presents the Commission's assessment of progress achieved in Romania during this period, focusing on judicial reform and the fight against corruption.
President Barroso said, "The necessary checks and balances in a democratic system must be guaranteed. While progress has been made on judicial reform and the fight against corruption in the last five years, this progress has been called into question by events in the last month. The Commission has raised serious concerns for the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary in Romania. Prime Minister Ponta has responded to these concerns and agreed to quickly address them. The Commission will monitor the situation to make sure that these commitments are honoured. Urgent and rigorous implementation of the recommendations under the CVM will contribute to ensure a stable, credible and investment-friendly economic environment and to reassure financial markets".
The report summarises the Commission's questions in relation to recent challenges to the rule of law by the Romanian Government and Parliament. It includes a number of recommendations for action that Romania should take urgently. These should implement the commitments made by Prime Minister Ponta to President Barroso.
Taking a five-year perspective, the report shows progress. Many of the building blocks in the legislative framework are now in place. The focus is shifting to implementation. And the ownership of the reforms remains variable.
Romania has created the basis for a substantial modernisation of the Romanian judicial system. Institutions like the National Anti-Corruption Directorate (DNA) and the National Integrity Agency (ANI) have demonstrated a convincing track record in the pursuit of high-level corruption. Recently, court decisions in high-level corruption cases have effectively handled the most sensitive cases, and the judiciary has shown its ability to affirm its independence.
However, despite Romania's progress, the report concludes that the objectives of the CVM have not yet been met. Implementation of laws has just started in some areas, whilst in other areas ownership falls short and overall the process is not yet sustainable and irreversible. The current controversies pose a serious threat to the progress achieved so far and raise serious questions as to the future of the reforms already launched.
Shortcomings in judicial reform and the fight against corruption are matters of concern for a large majority of Romanians. A Flash Eurobarometer poll conducted by the Commission in May showed that 72% of Romanians wanted the Commission to continue supporting reform in Romania until it achieves standards comparable to other Member States.
In the light of recent challenges to the rule of law and to judicial independence, the Commission will adopt a further report under the CVM before the end of this year, to assess whether its concerns have been addressed and democratic checks and balances have been restored.
On 1 January 2007, the Commission established a Cooperation and Verification Mechanism to assess the commitments made by Romania in the areas of judicial reform and the fight against corruption. The Commission was asked to report on progress in these areas on a regular basis. The Commission issued its first report on 27 June 2007 and reported since then on a bi-annual basis. The Commission reports are complemented by a staff-working document which sets out the Commission's detailed analysis against each of the benchmarks set for the CVM.
The Commission's analysis is based on an assessment of progress by the Romanian authorities and on information by Member States, international organisations, independent experts and a variety of other sources. The Commission has carried out several missions to Romania, and the reports also take into account the responses by Romania to detailed questionnaires prepared by the Commission.
The last annual report was published on 20 July 2011. This has been supplemented by an interim report published on 8 February 2012.
A more detailed overview of the report on Romania can be found in MEMO/12/569.
A more detailed overview of the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism can be found in
More detailed information on the Flash Eurobarometer poll on perceptions regarding shortcomings in the rule of law in Romania and regarding the expectations towards support by the Commission in this context can be found at:
Copies of the full reports can be found at:
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There is a new technology around called smart metering and OFGEM, the energy industry watchdog, is pushing suppliers towards adopting them…
A smart meter gives the householder, or business, a much clearer picture of what is happening to their gas consumption.full blog post information at http://www.carbonharvestenergy.com/gasoline-credit-cards/.
Consumers will be able to identify gas consumption more simply and the display can be read in monetary spend, rather than kilowatt hours. More control should be enjoyed and this should lead to lower gas bills and lower greenhouse emmissions on the whole.
Keypad controls on the unit, or smart card reading, will allow prepayment schemes and the likes to continue.
Cheapest Gas Prices.com welcomes the introduction of this technology, because we belive that it will allow the customers more control, and take away some of the mis-understandings surrounding those cryptic kilowatt hours.
Many business already benefit from smart metering whereby gas consumption can be monitored in half hour increments, rather than the usual 3 months.
Italy is a front runner, and the system is being installed right now, OFGEM wants the UK to embrace it too, and is in negotations with key players in the gas supply sector to roll it out.
The 3 key points are;
• Smart meters can deliver more accurate bills and improvements in customer service
• New meters could help tackle greenhouse gas emissions by making customers more aware of energy consumption
• Hi-tech meters could help fuel poor customers on prepayment meters by providing cheaper energy alternatives
The technology behind todays breed of gas meters is actually from way back in the 1960s, highlighting the real pace of change in the ex monoploy.
Sir John Mogg, the chairman of OFGEM is putting his weight behind the campaign and is looking to replace all gas and electricity meters with the new technology.
Sir John said: "We recognise that there are benefits to customers from using smart meters, but with the significant investment costs involved to deliver them, we need hard evidence to show how such benefits can be delivered. This is why Ofgem is powering the smart metering debate so we can separate the myths from the facts. We will be working with the industry and consumers to deliver a smarter future for the household energy meter."
Smart meters could help support micro-generation, this is the emerging technology that allows consumers to generate their own electricity.
Micro generation can come from rooftop windmills, or even the latest in high spec boiler systems that can convert wasted heat into electricity. Micro generation is a vital part of the future of energy conservation around the world, as governments begin to realise that they do not have money to burn…


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Background. In 1967, countries in South East Asia region forged an economic and trade alliance called the Association of South East Asian Nations or ASEAN to advance their agenda for economic growth, social progress and cultural development. Its founding member-nations were: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Since then, the ASEAN has played a pivotal role in the international community and has put forward the ASEAN's interests.
Moving in the same direction, a parallel cooperation tie was formed in the following decade to build a strong base foundation for regional cooperation among port authorities in the area. Although preoccupied with the more exigent issues involving port matters, the ASEAN Port Authorities Association (APAA) was conceived to provide a venue for port officials concerned to meet and share experiences that may lead to finding solutions to identified problem areas and emerging issues affecting the port sector.
Its Beginnings. The inspiration of establishing an alliance of port authorities in the ASEAN was hatched during a sports festival held in Sabah in 1974. After a series of meetings relating the drawing up of framework and mechanism for regional cooperation, the ASEAN Port Authorities Association, now ASEAN Ports Association, was born. It was the brainchild of Messrs. R. Geotina of the Philippines and J. E. Habibie of Indonesia, both participants of the Sabah sports fest. These gentlemen are now fondly remembered as the founding officers of the APA and elected as the first Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Association in 1975.
The APAA was originally envisioned as an organization that could provide the proper forum for the achievement of the following broad objectives: exchange of information, harmonization of trade practices, and promotion/facilitation of trade among ASEAN ports. The first annual meeting of the APAA was convened in Manila, Philippines on September 1975. This was attended by port representatives from the five ASEAN member-countries, namely: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. During the momentous meeting, the members officially approved the Terms of Reference of the Association and subscribed to its objectives, principles and purposes. The forming of the Association represents the collective will of the member-ports to foster friendship, extend support and cooperation to promote the interests of ports.
The founding members of APAA consist of government agencies in the ASEAN countries which are organized and functioning either as a corporate body or as a bureau. The Port of Singapore Authority, Indonesia Public Port Corporations, Kelang Port Authority (Malaysia), Port Authority of Thailand and Philippine Ports Authority function as corporate body. These ports operate like private business and therefore enjoy autonomy in the management, development, operation and financing. They are also clothed with certain regulatory powers over ports under their jurisdiction.
The bureau-type ports, on the other hand, are administered by other government bodies where they are organically positioned, usually under the umbrella of the Department/Ministry of Transportation and/or Communications. The Ports of Indonesia are classified under this category.
Expansion. During the 21st APAA Main Meeting in Singapore in November 1997, the Members formally adopted the changes in the Constitution and By-Laws of the APAA. Among the amended/additional provisions include: the modification in the name of the Association to ASEAN Ports Association (APA); inclusion of one more star in APA's logo representing the formal membership of Vietnam ports into the Association; expansion of the scope of activities and objectives of the Association to cover port planning and development as a major concern of the APA as well as fostering of close relationship with other regional/ national/international port or port-related groups/associations; expansion of APA membership to include corporatized or privatized ports as associate members.
Membership. The Association is presently composed of regular and associate members collectively recognized as members by the Association. Regular members are those national port authorities and/or the country ports with the government retaining majority interest. Corporatized or privatized ports comprise associate members. These Members determine programmes of work and priorities, annual budgets and other affairs of the Association; elect the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman; and, attend special meetings to discuss matters on proposals, recommendations or reports of the Working Committee or Technical Committees.
To enhance its collective strength, membership of the Association was expanded with the admission of ports in Brunei Darussalam in 1984, Vietnam in 1996 and Myanmar in 2005. Invitation have been extended to Laos to join APA as member.
Structure and Officers. A Chairman, a Vice-Chairman, a Secretary-General are the executive officers of the Association. The Chairman and the Vice-Chairman are elected from among the Members for a term of two years. The Secretary-General, appointed by the Chairman, is responsible for the coordination and administration of the activities of the Association. The executive officers are employees of a Member at all times.
APA organization is composed of the following organic bodies, each having specific areas of responsibilities: Main Committee, Working Committee, Technical Committee and Sports Committee. The Main Committee renders overall guidance and supervision over the affairs of the APA and formulates policies and decisions on vital issues that concern it. The Working Committee functions as the technical arm of the Main Committee. The preparation/evaluation of all issues taken up during Main Committee meeting emanates from it.
The Technical Committee is not a permanent body and is established for the purpose of performing special tasks. It is disbanded upon completion of the assigned tasks for which it was created. The Sports Committee, for its part, is organized to oversee the planning and implementation of all activities relating to the holding of a sports meet which used to be a biennial event of the Association.
The APA Secretariat was initially composed of the Secretary-General and is based in the country where the elected Secretary-General hailed. Considering the enormou


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VDOT News - Salem
Jen Ward 540-387-5238
Aug. 22, 2016
SALEM - Travelers heading to the Hillsville, Virginia, for the annual flea market and gun show should be prepared for heavy traffic and pay attention to message board and police directing traffic. The town's event will affect traffic Friday, Sept. 2 through Monday, Sept. 5. People not attending the event are encouraged to avoid the area altogether.
For the flea market, thousands of visitors are expected to converge on a one-mile section of Route 58 Business in Hillsville. As a result, sidewalks will be crowded with pedestrians and bumper-to-bumper traffic will be moving at a crawl throughout the area. Drivers should use extra caution. The Virginia Department of Transportation advises travelers of the following traffic information:
Interstate 77 - exit 14 (Hillsville/Galax).
Those planning to attend the flea market and gun show are encouraged to take I-77 and use exit 14 (Hillsville/Galax) onto Route 58 Business. Congestion is expected on I-77 in this area and police may be directing traffic at the exit 14 and Route 58 Business interchange to promote safe travel. Motorists should watch for stopped vehicles in this area.
Route 58 Bypass western interchange with Route 58 Business
Motorists using Route 58 Bypass' western interchange to exit onto Route 58 Business should use extreme caution and watch for heavy traffic congestion. Those not attending the events and traveling westbound on the bypass should use the left lane to avoid exiting vehicles. Drivers are advised not to park on the Route 58 Bypass or on the ramps onto Route 58 Business. "No Parking" signs will be posted around the interchange.
Route 52
Route 52 event traffic can use Route T-780 (Howlett Street) or Route T-1020 (West Grayson Street). Northbound Route 52 traffic will not be permitted to turn left onto westbound Route 58 Business. Southbound Route 52 traffic will not be allowed to make right-on-red turns at the traffic signal onto westbound Route 58 Business. "No Parking" signs will be posted on Racetrack Road.
West Grayson Street
No left turns will be permitted from Route T-1020 (West Grayson Street) onto eastbound Route 58 Business.
Information in VDOT news releases was accurate at the time the release was published. For the most current information about projects or programs, please visit the project or program Web pages. You may find those by searching by keyword in the search Virginia DOT box above.


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Nebula Project
Supplemental Custom Widgets for SWT (and more)
The Nebula project is a source for custom SWT widgets and other UI components. Nebula is also an incubator for SWT. Some Nebula widgets will graduate into SWT and therefore into the main Eclipse Platform.
Nebula_Gallery_Explained : How does the Gallery widget work and how to write a custom renderer
Nebula_Gallery_Status : Why is Gallery labeled as Beta
Nebula_Gallery_FAQ : Frequently Asked Questions
Common code for custom widgets :
Nebula CWT Animation : Quick overview of the animation package included in CWT.
Developer resources
Nebula_Actions : List of current issues requiring committer action.
Nebula_Setup : Project set and instructions
Nebula_Releng : How to set up the build process for Nebula project.
Nebula_Examples_Webstart : How to generate examples as webstart.
IP Log
The IP log is automatically generated from bugzilla[1].
Nebula_XViewer_Getting_Started : XViewer examples and explanation.


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Christopher Robin – I am Your Father! What if Winnie the Pooh was Darth Vader?
Have you ever wondered what it would be like if Winnie the Pooh was Darth Vader? Well my weird friend, you are in luck! Watch this video of Jim Cummings, the voice of Winnie the Pooh, reading lines from the first (OK, OK, the fourth) Star Wars movie.


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High Risk Groups - United States
Many of the high risk groups for hepatitis C are easily identified, due to practices resulting in frequent exposures to blood or risk factors for transmission.
Blood transfusions currently seem to account for only approximately 5-10% of all cases of hepatitis C. Prior to 1990, there were no tests for hepatitis C against the blood supply, and the rate of post-transfusion hepatitis was between 8% and 10%. Anyone who received a blood transfusion prior to that time is at risk for having been infected. Incidence among hemophiliacs, who receive frequent transfusions of blood and blood products, is particularly high, ranging between 25-40%. Women who have had Cesearean sections prior to 1990 represent another significant risk group, as these operations were frequently accompanied by blood transfusion.
Blood tests have greatly reduced the rate of post-transfusion hepatitis C - CDC estimates the risk factor for transfusion-contracted HCV during the 1990-1993 period at 5%, and risk of infection was brought down to less than 1% after 1993. Today, the risk of post-transfusion infection is negligible, at approximately 1 per 100,000 units of blood. Blood banks also now also notify donors if they detect the virus.
IV drug users represent the largest single risk group. Hepatitis C infection among intravenous drug users occurs at an alarming rate. As with HIV, the sharing of contaminated needles and syringes increases the chance of infection dramatically: incidence of HCV antibody rates among I.V. drug users has surpassed 50 percent in many studies and almost reached 100 percent in others. Within only six months to a year after beginning intravenous drug use, 50-80 percent of drug users test positive for the hepatitis C antibody. I.V. drug users account for about 30-40% of all identified cases, and about 50 percent of all new cases of the disease.
Sexual contact has been clearly identified as a means of transmitting hepatitis C. Several studies of risk factors in sexual activity found rates of infection between 1 and 18% for homosexually active individuals, 1 to 10% among heterosexually active individuals, and 1 to 12% among female prostitutes, with the primary risk factors for infection being greater numbers of partners, unprotected sex, simultaneous infection with other STD's, and traumatic sexual activity. Seroprevalence for long term partners of hepatitis C patients was found to be around 5%.
Household contact with another household member that has hepatitis
C has also been strongly implicated, and this, in combination with heterosexual exposure, is believed to be responsible for approximately 13% of all infections. The incidence of household-member transmission cases has more than doubled since 1990. Maternal-infant transmission has also been documented as a mode of spread, occuring in no more than six percent of children of hepatitis C positive mothers.
Around 2% of all cases of hepatitis C are thought to be contracted through the occupational risk (needle-stick injuries, blood spills, etc) involved with the health care profession.
Prisoners have enormous incidence of infection - rates reported in some California prisons exceed 80%, with certain institutions reporting nearly 100% of their prisoners infected.
Some skin piercing practices, notably tattooing, body piercing, and acupuncture, have contributed significantly to the spread of HCV, particularly in less industrialized nations. Tattooing in particular poses a serious risk. Even in the presence of good sterilization, studies have suggested that the ink used in tattooing can become contaminated and transmit the virus.
Several studies have shown that adequate blood can be present in other body secretions to transmit infection. Cocaine users have an abnormally high risk of infection due to the fact that they frequently share snorting straws, which may have small amounts of blood-carrying mucous on them. Such indirect sources of blood may explain many cases of inter-household transmission.
Less obvious, specialized risk factors have been identified resulting from indirect exposures to blood - including manicures, shared toothbrushes and razors, and straight razors in barber shops.
Particular racial, ethnic, and income groups are at higher risk of infection. An ethnic analysis in one earlier, somewhat underestimated study
(1994) determined that Caucasian Americans statistically accounted for the most number of infected persons, while the highest incidence rates
were among African and Hispanic Americans. The highest prevalence of the disease was found in middle-aged people (30 to 49 years old) who accounted for 3% -4% of the cases. Prevalence among black men in this age group approached 9% to 10%. Gender, however, did not emerge as a significant risk factor in the population as a whole. In the United States, blacks have the highest incidence rates, followed by Native Americans, Hispanics, and whites.
Similarly, low income groups seem to have the highest risk of infection. In one study at the inner city VA Hospital in Washington, D.C., one in five people admitted tested positive for HCV. Similar results (18%) were obtained at the John Hopkins University Hospital, located in Baltimore's inner city.
The higher incidence among certain racial, ethnic, and income groups is probably the result of higher rates of other cofactors, but may also be the result of unidentified modes of transmission. Many groups showing high incidence of infection do not have obvious correlations with known modes of transmission, pointing towards the existence of unknown routes of transmission. For example, there is a serious question as to why many alcoholics are infected with HCV. In many surveys, about a third of people who are alcoholics are also infected with the HCV virus. Whether alcoholics are in fact more prone to infection has not been firmly established.


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OpenWorld: Oracle's Twist on Cloud Services
Oracle has long been one of the major suppliers of enterprise software and the company used its annual OpenWorld conference last week to extend its portfolio even further into the cloud. It is now battling newer competitors such as Salesforce.com and Amazon Web Services, as well as traditional competitors such as IBM in databases and SAP in enterprise software.
To that end, Oracle CEO Larry Ellison announced four big initiatives, including a variety of the Oracle Cloud infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) offerings; an Oracle Private Cloud service with both on-premises and Oracle hosting options; Oracle 12c, an upgrade of the company's core database with more cloud features; and a new version of its Exadata database hardware appliance.
In addition, Ellison mentioned a new line of server chips and at other points during the conference, the company gave updates on both its cloud and existing applications and middleware.
Perhaps the biggest introduction was of the company's new Oracle Cloud, which sounds like an competitor to Amazon Web Services and in particular, more business-oriented Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) products.
In Ellison's telling, Software as a Service (Saas) started with NetSuite, which he funded, starting back in 1998. This gave rise to Platform as a Service (PaaS) services and then in 2006, Amazon started its Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), which birthed the IaaS market and led to the popularization of the term "cloud." This is really just an evolution of the utility model, Ellison said.
Oracle announced last year its suite of cloud applications (its Fusion line) and its platform for cloud computing. Now, he announced an infrastructure offering, saying this allows Oracle Cloud to offer all three tiers of service: IaaS, in addition to SaaS and PaaS.
This is different from other services, Ellison said, because it includes Oracle's own operating system; virtual machine; and compute services and storage services on its own "engineered systems" hardware, including Exadata, Exalogic, SuperClusters, Exalytics. All are networked together using an Infiniband network.
Ellison said Oracle is unique because it has made "investments in all three layers of the cloud," with applications (where he said the company is number two behind SAP); platforms such as database and middleware (where he said the company is number one); and operating systems, servers, and storage (since the company's purchase of Sun).
"We're adding a new line of business, cloud computing, to our traditional business of selling software and selling hardware... and we're going to sell it on the fastest computers in the world," Ellison said.
In addition to the public cloud services, the company announced the Oracle Private Cloud, which is designed to take Oracle's cloud service but run it on hardware Oracle owns and controls with a company's on-premises data center. This will work for both Oracle's new Fusion SaaS applications and the more traditional applications, such as E-Business Suite, PeopleSoft, and Siebel, as well as custom applications built on Oracle's database and middleware. Companies can use Oracle's public cloud and private cloud offerings interchangeably, letting them scale applications as needed. (I've often heard this called a "hybrid cloud" offering, though Ellison didn't use that term.)
Ellison also introduced the new version of the database, known as Oracle 12c, with the "C" representing "cloud." The big difference here is that the database itself is optimized for multi-tenancy, which is commonly used in cloud applications where many clients run on the same version of the application, as in Salesforce.com, NetSuite, or most other software-as-a-Service (Saas) applications.
But unlike those products, which provide multi-tenancy at an application level, Oracle 12c will implement it at the database level. This introduces the concept of a large "container database" which can include multiple separate "pluggable" databases as opposed to multiple databases for multiple applications, as in a traditional database architecture. With Oracle 12c, which is planned to be delivered in 2013, this container database will have one set of memory, one set of OS processes, and multiple, separate, private databases.
This allows the large database—not an application—to keep the individual databases private and secure, with database features such as auditing, redaction, and security and still working as well as database tools such as query, reporting, and business intelligence tools. This could be delivered with the existing applications, but will be much more efficient, requiring six times less hardware resources or allowing five times more databases. This will be the software foundation for the Oracle Cloud.
It's an interesting approach—somewhere between the application-layer multi-tenancy that Salesforce and others have been pushing for years and the more traditional idea of running multiple databases in virtual machines, which Ellison said he preferred at last year's OpenWorld.
Oracle's fourth major announcement, which will be the hardware foundation for the Oracle Cloud, is Exadata X3, an update of the firm's Exadata Database Machine. It will take advantage of 12c.
"If you thought the old Exadata's were fast," Ellison said, "you ain't seen nothing yet." Exadata X3 is designed to keep all of your databases in-memory, he said, with a single rack enabling up to 4TB of DRAM and up to 22TB of NAND flash memory, with the database compressed ten times. This will enable a single machine to accommodate up to 220 terabytes of databases in memory. "You virtually never use your disk drives," Ellison said. "Everything is in semiconductor memory."
He said disk drives are "becoming passé" with such drives used for images and data that aren't frequently accessed, but all the active data is migrating into memory. This is not an SSD solution, but rather a memory cache architecture with DRAM on top, flash memory below that, and 500TB of hard drive capacity below that. Exadata X3 now allows write capabilities from flash, making writes 20 times faster at the same price, and consuming less power. This sounds a lot like SAP's HANA database solution, and Ellison characteristically took the opportunity to knock SAP, saying that Oracle's solution is much larger. (Of course, SAP's solution is hardware independent, and already shipping. Here's a reaction from SAP.)
Ellison said this solution will be about twice as fast as EMC's new VMAX 40K, which is the fastest disk array. (Again, EMC's systems are designed for much more storage and for more diverse applications.) He said it will cost one-eighth as much as IBM's solution and be a lot faster. Exadata X3 starts with an "eighth-rack" version with 16 database cores, 54TB of hard drives and 2.4TB of flash, with a list price of $200,000.
There are still a lot of questions about Oracle's cloud strategy. The company did not give a release date and omitted pricing for its IaaS offering. Later in the week, Oracle did announce a variety of new cloud services, including planning and budgeting, financial reporting, data and insight, social sites, developer, storage, and messaging services, all aimed at different parts of the enterprise applications stack.
But overall, it's a different approach from its competitors, since Oracle is building on a different set of strengths. Unlike SaaS competitors including Salesforce, NetSuite, and Workday, Oracle is delivering both applications and platforms; also unlike Amazon, Microsoft, or Google, Oracle is delivering a solution that runs on its custom hardware, not just a service that runs on industry-standard hardware.
IBM and HP, which both offer cloud solutions built on their own hardware aimed at enterprise customers, will in some ways seem to be more direct competitors, though neither has the suite of applications Oracle offers.
Of course, there's a flip side to all of these points as well; competitors point out that their solutions are out and tested, and are often more flexible because they work on a variety of different hardware or software architectures. Still, Oracle is likely to be a more credible player in the cloud market based on these announcements.
In other OpenWorld activities, Oracle made a renewed pitch for its Java platform (at a concurrent JavaOne event), continued to push its cloud-oriented Fusion Apps suite, and talked about how its existing applications are becoming more mobile.
It didn't get as much attention, but Ellison also pointed out that Oracle and Fujitsu are working on the next generation SPARC microprocessor. He claimed that by this time next year, "SPARC microprocessor will run the Oracle database faster than any other microprocessor on the planet." He added, "The way we're going to do it is by moving a lot of software functions into silicon."
Here is PCMag's take on the OpenWorld announcements.


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Ad code implementation
Create an ad unit
For help using the updated version of ad units, see Create a display ad unit.
To create a new AdSense ad unit that you can manage within your account, follow the steps below:
- Sign in to your AdSense account.
- Click Ads.
- Click Ad units.
- Click +New ad unit.
- Give your ad unit a name. It's a good idea to use a unique, descriptive name that will help you find this ad unit later.
- In the "Ad size" section, choose the size of the ads that you'd like to show:
- We suggest that you leave the "Recommended ad sizes" option selected. If you want to view other ad sizes, select a different option from the Showing drop-down.
In general, wider ad units perform better. We encourage you to choose one of our recommended ad sizes, which have shown to perform well across a variety of sites. Ad sizes that perform well on mobile are shown with a mobile icon .
- (Optional) Click Preview if you'd like to see an example of how an ad looks.
- Select your desired ad size.
- We suggest that you leave the "Recommended ad sizes" option selected. If you want to view other ad sizes, select a different option from the Showing drop-down.
- Select which type of ads you'd like to show on your pages from the Ad type drop-down.
We highly recommend that you display both text and display ads. By displaying more ad types, you can earn more revenue.
- (Optional) Apply an ad style for your text ads.
View detailsAd styles give you control over how text ads will look on your site. Learn more about choosing the right ad style.
To apply your text ad style, in the "Text ad style" section, either:
- Select an existing ad style. Learn more about our predefined ad styles.
- Edit an existing ad style: select the ad style that you want to edit, click Copy, change the color and font settings, and then click Save. The edited style is saved as a new custom ad style.
- Create your own custom ad style: click Create new style, choose your own color and font preferences, and then click Save.
- (Optional) Set up a custom channel to track your ad unit.
View detailsCustom channels are an advanced feature that you can use to group specific ad units together and track their performance. Learn more about custom channels. To add a custom channel to track your ad unit, in the "Custom channels" section, either:
- Select an existing custom channel from the list by clicking the arrow button.
- Click Create new custom channel, and then in the "Add new custom channel" window that opens:
- Give your custom channel a name that clearly describes what types of ad units you are tracking with the channel, and that will help you identify it later. For example, car_pages or blue_skyscrapers.
- Choose any additional ad units to track with this channel by clicking the arrow button.
- If you'd like this custom channel to appear to advertisers as a targetable ad placement, select the Show this custom channel to advertisers as a targetable ad placement checkbox, and enter the requested details. Or, leave it unchecked to create a custom channel for tracking purposes only.
- Click Save.
- Select an existing custom channel from the list by clicking the arrow button.
- From the If no ads available drop-down, choose what you'd like us to show in your ad unit if Google has no targeted ads available.
- Click Save and get code.
- In the "Ad code" box that opens, leave the code type set to "Asynchronous" (the default), unless you want to use synchronous ad code. Learn more about asynchronous ad code.
- Copy and paste the ad code into the HTML source code of your pages where you'd like ads to appear. If you're not sure how to do this, you might want to review our Code Implementation Guide.
Once you've saved your website, ads will appear within a few minutes.
If you need to change the settings of this ad unit in the future, you can edit it from the list of ad units on your Ads page.
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Venezuela releases Herald reporter
After almost 48 hours in custody, Miami Herald Andean Bureau Chief Jim Wyss was released Saturday to U.S. Embassy officials, who confirmed that the journalist was in good health and had not been mistreated.
"A sincere thanks to everyone who helped win my speedy release and to the Venezuelan authorities who made it possible," Wyss tweeted soon after his release about 5 p.m. EST.
Aminda Marqués Gonzalez, the Herald's executive editor, said she was looking forward to Wyss' return home.
"Jim is safe and soon will be reunited with his loved ones," she said. "We are grateful to everyone here and in Caracas who helped bring this matter to a close."
Wyss was detained near the Colombian border Thursday evening while reporting on Venezuela's sputtering economy and upcoming municipal elections. Members of the National Guard in the Andean city of San Cristóbal, Táchira, apprehended Wyss after he solicited an interview with military officials.
Venezuelan authorities said Wyss was taken into custody because he did not have permission to report in the country. Wyss said he was flown Friday evening to the detention center in Caracas, where he was visited by a U.S. Embassy official.
Wyss was in good spirits and quipped about tight living conditions in the room at the detention center he shared with eight other people.
"It's like living in a bar with bunk beds," he said. He also joked about a diet of ham sandwiches.
Wyss, a well-known and respected journalist, has made more than a dozen reporting trips to Venezuela over several years to cover everything from former President Hugo Chavez's death to myriad presidential and municipal elections.
"I have deep respect for Venezuela and its people and I look forward to continuing to report from the country," he said.


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NIAGARA FALLS, New York (Reuters) - As an 89-year-old recreational hockey player who has never lost a tooth to a puck or an opponent's elbow, Paul Koukal is a man who knows how to beat the odds.
So when he says he is hopeful his beloved Buffalo Sabres will skate their way from this weekend's delayed National Hockey League season opener to their first Stanley Cup championship, he may be on to something.
"I think they should get it one of these days, maybe in my lifetime. They'd better hurry," said Koukal, a retired dentist as he donned skates on Thursday to play in his weekly men's league hockey game.
His "Leafs" shut out the "Canadiens" 4-0, and Koukal, wearing a jersey printed with the number 9 and "Doc" on the back, left the ice victorious.
"I don't go into the penalty box very often," Koukal said, explaining how he managed never to lose a tooth after decades playing a sport where a gaping smile is considered collateral damage.
To his family's cheers of "Doc, Doc, Doc," he skated out onto the public ice rink with his teammates in the non-contact Niagara Falls Senior Alumni Hockey League. They are retired factory workers, school administrators, physical therapists, electricians and accountants, most aged 45 to 75.
"We all started this thing back when we were 30 years old and now we're all getting up there, but we just love the sport so much we just keep going at it," said Leafs co-captain Jim Heft, 66, a retired electrician.
Tom Reilly, 75, from the opposing Canadiens team, called it a "respectful league" where players of similar strengths find one another on the ice.
"The younger guys will go up against the younger guys - if one of the older guys gets the puck, they'll let him make a play," said Reilly, who has no cartilage in his right knee and has two heart stents.
The NHL lockout delayed the start of the season - originally scheduled for October 11 - to Saturday, and shortened it to 48 games from 82. The Sabres' first game is on Sunday against the visiting Philadelphia Flyers.
During the lockout, the men's recreational league used its own resources to help quench participants' thirst for hockey.
"With the lockout, you look for different things to do, you know, you play more hockey," said Leafs player Pete Seefeld, 60, a retired manufacturing supervisor.
Over the years as a Sabres fan, Koukal has admired scores of players and, as the son of Czechoslovakian immigrants, was particularly drawn to goaltender Dominik Hasek of the Czech Republic.
Koukal said he had a soft spot for the sport, complete with its body-slamming checks and occasional brawls, calling it "one of the nicest games" because it can be played to different degrees of intensity.
"Old farts like us can chase the puck and get some exercise," Koukal said.
Editing by Barbara Goldberg and Peter Cooney


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Procurement, Department of[Record group 89]
Agency home page.
- Alternative/Former Names
- Supplies, Department of;
Purchasing Agent, Office of the;
Supplies and Purchases, Department of
Agency Function
- The mission of the Procurement Department is to obtain quality, cost-effective goods, services, and construction in a timely and professional manner through a competitive, fair, and socially responsible process in accordance with the law.
The Procurement Department's "Vendor's Guide: How to do Business with the City of Philadelphia" is available here.
- Agency History
- An Act of April 20, 1903 first established a Department of Supplies and gave it the authority to purchase most of the supplies and services required by the City; these had until that time been purchased by each City agency directly. In 1909 the Department was also empowered to secure bids for the disposal of all City waste materials. From 1920 to 1925 the Department was known as the Office of the Purchasing Agent but its duties remained unchanged until in 1929 its title was changed to the Department of Supplies and Purchases and its range of duties broadened to include the purchase of supplies for the offices of the City Controller and the City Treasurer, and the administration of City supply warehouses. At the adoption of the City Charter of 1951 this Department was replaced by the present Procurement Department whose functions were broadened still further to include printing and publication services for all City offices. While Procurement still does administer the sale of salvageable City property, the disposal of waste paper and records has from 1951 been administered by the Department of Records.
- Archival Records
- 89.1 Department of Supplies. Annual Report (1903-1909, 1913-1915, 1919)
89.2 Purchasing Agent. Annual Reports (1921-1923)
89.3 Department of Supplies and Purchases (1936-1938)
89.4 Annual Reports (1952-1979, 1982, 1984-1986)
89.5 Procedures Manuals (1960, 1963)
89.6 Commodity Code Catalog (1970)
- Current Records
- Unavailable
Click on a folder or file to return to that level...
PhILS Home
City Agencies
Current Agency Information Sheet. (Text-only version of this page)
Send your comments to firstname.lastname@example.com
Last updated on November 8, 2000


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Alternatively, pick a mosfet with a higher Vgs rating but designed for 5V gate drive, such as TSM2313CX.
Perhaps PMV48XP then?
Looks OK to me. The Vgs rating of that P-channel mosfet is only 8V, uncomfortablly close to the 6V drive it is getting, so it is probably better to spit the 2K2 resistor into 2 x 1K and drive the gate from the junction of the two. Alternatively, pick a mosfet with a higher Vgs rating but designed for 5V gate drive, such as TSM2313CX.
I will just omit C3. I didn't realize it was a problem. I added C1 thinking that was what you meant to do. C3 is just what I put next to all chips I use as a decoupling cap. I didn't know it was interfering with the P channel MOSFET. Thanks for explaining that. I kinda understand it now. I'll be sure to turn the h bridge signals off before turning off the P channel. Thanks!
On the same project, I need to turn off the Vcc to the DS3234 RTC chip. If I should start a new thread for that let me know. The 3 chips in my project are:Atmega328P-AU (first time to boot load the SMD variant)si9986 H-BridgeDS3234 RTCVcc for the Atmega328 & DS3234 is 4.5v (3 C cells)...trying to last a year on batteries, I will power down the Atmega328P, and have the alarm from the DS3234 interrupt wake it up. But if the DS3234 has Vcc it uses a lot of current. If I turn Vcc off, it uses only 1-2 uA from Vbatt (a coin cell battery). So I need to "disconnect" Vcc from the DS3234. Would this same technique I used on the si9986 work?


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The fall "Voice Olympiad" scheduled by the department of music will continue with two master classes on Thursday, Oct. 30.
World renowned tenor George Shirley will present master classes on Thursday, Oct. 30, at 11 a.m. in Wichers Auditorium of Nykerk Hall of Music and at 7 p.m. in the Padnos Gallery at the Holland Area Arts Council. Shirley will also be the featured guest at a 10:30 a.m. coffee in the Martha Miller Center for Global Communication on Thursday, Oct. 30.
Shirley is one of America's most versatile tenors. Retired from the University of Michigan faculty, he is in demand nationally and internationally as performer, teacher, lecturer and adjudicator.
As a performer he has won international acclaim for his performances with the Metropolitan Opera (where he was the first African American tenor and second African American male to sing leading roles), The Royal Opera (Covent Garden, London), Deutsche Oper (Berlin), Teatro Colòn, (Buenos Aires), Netherlands Opera (Amsterdam), L'Opéra (Monte Carlo), New York City Opera, Scottish Opera (Glasgow), Chicago Lyric Opera, San Francisco Opera, Washington Opera, Michigan Opera Theater, Glyndebourne Festival, and Santa Fe Opera, among others. He has recorded for RCA, Columbia, Decca, Angel, Philips, Vanguard, CRI and Albany. He received a Grammy Award in 1968 for his role (Ferrando) in the prize-winning RCA recording of Mozart's "Cosi Fan Tutte," which was re-issued on compact disc. "Battle Pieces," a cycle of songs composed by Warren M. Swenson to the Civil War poetry of Herman Melville, was released by Albany Records in 2003 with Pulitzer Prize-winning composer William Bolcom accompanying Shirley at the piano.
Shirley has performed more than 80 operatic roles over the span of his 49-year career, as well as oratorio, recital, and concert literature with some of the world's most renowned conductors and accompanists (including Solti, Klemperer, Stravinsky, Ormandy, von Karajan, Krips, Leinsdorf, Colin Davis, Bernstein, Ozawa, Maazel, Isepp, Katz, Wadsworth, Wustman).
Among numerous awards and citations, the most recent he has received are the Dr. Charles H. Wright Legacy Award for Excellence in Fine Arts from the Charles H. Wright African American Museum in Detroit, The University of Michigan School of Music Alumni Citation of Merit, The Trail Blazer Award from the National Association for the Study and Performance of African American Music, and The Career Achievement Award in the Field of Music from the College of Fine, Performing and Communication Arts at Wayne State University in Detroit.
Shirley, who was the first African American assigned to a high school teaching position in music in the Detroit Public Schools, accepted an appointment to the faculty of the University of Michigan School of Music in 1987 following seven years of teaching and service as professor of voice at The University of Maryland College Park. At their July, 1992 meeting, the University of Michigan Board of Regents named George Shirley The Joseph Edgar Maddy Distinguished University Professor of Music. In June 1999, Shirley accepted appointment as director of the Vocal Arts Division of the School of Music, Theatre & Dance. In May 2007, the Board of Regents bestowed emeritus status on him upon his retirement following 20 years of service to the university and to the school.
The "Voice Olympiad" will conclude in mid November with the semi-annual Liederabend, presented by the students in the college's German Diction Class. The recital will feature the Lieder of Richard Strauss, on Nov. 18, at 7:30 p.m. in Semelink Hall at Western Theological Seminary.
The Holland Area Arts Council is located in downtown Holland at 150 E. Eighth St. The Martha Miller Center for Global Communication is located at 257 Columbia Ave., at the corner of Columbia Avenue and 10th Street. Nykerk Hall of Music is located in the central Hope campus at the former 127 E. 12th St. between College and Columbia avenues. Western Theological Seminary is located at 101 E. 13th St., on 13th Street east of College Avenue.


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President Barack Obama was reelected on November 6th, and since November 7th my phone has not stopped ringing.
Every entrepreneur, investment banker and venture capitalist is calling to sell their companies — all at once. My inbox is inundated with NDA's and company overviews on businesses of all kinds. The terms are all the same: "I need a cash deal and I need to close prior to year end."
On further digging, they are all willing to take a pretty significant discount to close by year end.
What's going on? One word: TAXES!
As Washington is debating whether or not we are going over the "fiscal cliff," one thing is for sure: taxes are going up for the wealthy in 2013, particularly in California. Many entrepreneurs and business owners are looking to sell their businesses before any significant tax increases take effect next year.
Four potential tax increases are driving this behavior:
- ObamaCare: The Affordable Care Act, also known as ObamaCare, will represent a 3.8 percent increase in taxes for wealthy individuals (people making more than $250,000 per year). Also, depending on how small businesses implement the policy, there is an additional risk of reduced profits for people intensive businesses, due to requirements to provide health care.
- Long-Term Capital Gains: A long-term capital gain is profit made on an investment that you have held for more than 12 months. In 2013, the capital gains tax rate is proposed to go up from 15 percent to 20 percent on wealthy individuals. So if you are a small business owner or a significant shareholder in a business, you are going to make at least 5 percent less from the sale of your stock on January 1, 2013 vs. December 31, 2012.
- Dividends: Dividends are cash distributions that a company pays to shareholders. Small business owners often put their life savings into their business and would like to get cash out without selling shares in the company. Small business owners can take cash out of their company through dividends. Historically, dividends have been taxed as ordinary income to discourage owners and investors from using dividends for cash distributions. Under George W. Bush in 2003, the tax rate on qualified dividends was dropped to 15 percent. In 2013, the tax rate on dividends is proposed to go back to the ordinary income rate (which could be as high as 39.6 percent in 2013). Many public companies are executing large one time dividends in 2012 ahead of any changes in tax rates. Just this week, Costco announced a one-time dividend of $3 billion to shareholders.
- Prop 30: Proposition 30 was passed in California to properly fund public education and public safety, given the fiscal challenges the state is facing. Prop 30 increases taxes on individuals earning more than $250,000 per year by one percent to three precent for the next seven years. (Prop 30 will be retroactive back to January 1, 2012, so should not be a concern for most, but I have heard Prop 30 mentioned by entrepreneurs and bankers alike as a reason for selling).
All this has led to small businesses looking to sell ahead of any tax changes that could potentially go into effect in January 2013.
Here in Seattle, we already see evidence of larger cash-rich companies gobbling up companies to take advantage of the situation.
For example, Zillow has acquired three companies in the last 30 days.
Large, local securities transactions like the $1 billion financing of WaveDivision Holdings and the $85 million financing of Zulily could also be driven by favorable tax treatment for early investors and founders wanting to sell shares. (The Wall Street Journal reports that follow-on stock sales are up 72 percent in November 2012 versus last year because of the tax increases in 2013).
BUT the real question is "does an increase in the tax rate matter or change the behavior of an entrepreneur?"
Warren Buffett wrote a compelling piece in the New York Times this week arguing for a minimum tax on the wealthy, and that tax rates really do not affect anyone's wealth accumulation over the long-term. Buffett believes that the Bush era tax cuts really just made the rich that much richer.
He elegantly ended his New York Times piece with:
"In the meantime, maybe you'll run into someone with a terrific investment idea, who won't go forward with it because of the tax he would owe when it succeeds. Send him my way. Let me unburden him."
Similarly, if you are an entrepreneur who is just starting out or an entrepreneur with a business that has a lot of gas left in the tank, all this discussion on tax rates is irrelevant. Your choices in life are — work for a corporate giant or strike out on your own to blaze your own trail. A 5 percent increase in long-term capital gains won't change that decision. Or at least it shouldn't.
If your startup is so successful that a potential tax increase is driving you to sell your company, CONGRATULATIONS!
Nikesh (Niki) Parekh is the CEO of ActiveRain — a professional blogging platform and social network in real estate — and EVP of Product at Market Leader — an online marketing solutions firm for real estate professionals. You can follow his ActiveRain blog here, or follow him on Twitter at @nparekh00.


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About Daddyhunt
Daddyhunt is an attitude-free online personals community with over 220,000 real men. We are the largest free social network, dating, and chat site for Gay Daddies, Silver Daddies, Muscle Daddies, Bears, Leather Daddies, Big Daddies and Daddy-lovers. Our mission is to celebrate older gay men and to create a healthy, fun alternative to meat-market websites. Meet hot guys (chubby to muscle and everything in between), chat, share photos, discuss issues facing older guys, and build mature rewarding relationships with men of all ages. Create your free profile today and join us!


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Maurice Greenberg Center
for Judaic Studies
The Maurice Greenberg Center for Judaic Studies is devoted to teaching and original research in Judaic studies from the biblical to the modern periods. Faculty from around the world have created programs that are diverse and stimulating.
Founded in 1985 by a major endowment, the Center offers you an opportunity to choose from a rich array of exciting classes in six different areas: history, Yiddish, Arabic, Bible, Holocaust studies, and Israel studies.
You may select one of two majors: Judaic studies or Jewish education (an integrated, dual major in elementary education and Judaic studies). Although course requirements may vary among majors, each program within the Center offers you:
- An experienced faculty of recognized scholars who are committed to personal student advising and development
- Small class sizes with ample access to your teachers and the Center's resources
- A balanced emphasis incorporating superior study of the liberal arts and professional training
At the Greenberg Center, you will excavate the biblical past through texts and archaeology, debate talmudic scholars, delve into Holocaust studies, master Yiddish or Hebrew or both, discover the beauty of teaching what you have learned, and explore Jewish life in America. The opportunities are endless.
With two world-renowned endowed professors and interaction with faculty from across the University, Greenberg Center majors are prepared for careers of lasting significance. Students receive hands-on experience in the work of museums and special collections at the Greenberg Center's Museum of Jewish Civilization. Faculty mentor our students who are interested in careers in the work of curators, docents, archives, and museum studies. The Greenberg Center provides training at our field school in Israel. Students learn in an archaeology lab, at excavations, and in immersion classrooms of Hebrew and Arabic languages and cultures in Israel and elsewhere. These experiences have prepared students for careers in politics, science, law, education, and public service.
By studying the past, you will gain a better understanding of the present and be prepared to face the challenges of the future.


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Johnsen and Martin Run Their Way to Their First Wins in Busselton
Denmark's Jimmy Johnsen and New Zealand's Britta Martin secured their first IRONMAN wins at the Sunsmart IRONMAN Western thanks to impressive runs.
By Emma Bishop
Busselton woke up with a typical chill in the air. What wasn't so typical was the choppy swim that athletes had to navigate. Germany's Horst Reichel was first out the water and started the bike with a two-minute lead from a chasing pack that included Josh Rix (AUS), Daniel Niederreiter (AUT), Jimmy Johnsen (AUS) and defending champion Timo Bracht (GER).
At just 20 km into the bike, defending champion Bracht suffered a flat tire and further mechanical issues saw him fall out of contention.
Reichel was riding a hard race and holding the lead until the chase group, led by bike course record holder Mitch Anderson (AUS) and including Matt White (Aus), Rix, Simon Billeau (FRA) and Slovakia's Karol Dzalaj, swallowed him up at 100 km.
The group stayed together and then, at 140 km, Anderson made a break and rode his way into transition with a four-minute cushion. It wasn't to be enough and Reichel passed Anderson at 3 km. Then, a short while later, White and Johnsen moved past the German.
Fast-forward to 15 km and a light footed White made a pass on Reichel to become the new race leader. By 28 km Johnsen, who raced IRONMAN Cozumel two weeks ago, had moved up to second and was gaining fast on the now slowing White. Johnsen made his final move into the lead at 30 km and never looked back. Reichel then caught a second wind after looking out of contention to reclaim second, leaving White to cross the line for third.
"It's a nice feeling, I cannot complain," said Johnsen of his win. "I have really been thinking about my recovery after Cozumel two weeks ago and I didn't know what to expect today as it could go both ways. I know my second half of the marathon is always good and I took it pretty easy on the first half."
Martin loses time in the swim
In the women's race Britta Martin confessed that she knew she would be at the back in the swim and, she was right – Martin lost seven minutes to Australia's Rebekah Keat in the water. Martin also said she didn't favor the bike and preferred hills. But she did say she was looking forward to the run and boy did she mean it.
Keat led out of the swim, but dropped off the lead when she had to stop to secure her bike helmet in the first 10 km. She moved back up the field, but race leader, Dutchwoman Mirjam Weerd of the Netherlands, was not about to be caught.
At 110 km it all changed at the top when American Bree Wee caught Weerd. By 150 km Wee had carved out a one-minute lead that she continued to extend into transition.
Wee admits running is not her forte and she fought a tough battle to hold off Keat, who came off the bike looking very comfortable. Keat took the race lead at 20 km.
Wee started moving backwards after it appeared she had started limping and it looked to be in the bag for Keat. But there was movement going on behind her. Starting sixth off the bike, the pocket rocket that is Britta Martin was about to ruin Keat's day.
The fastest woman on the course, 3 km from the finish she moved past Keat, who was unable to respond and came home for second. Rounding out the podium Rebecca Hoschke (AUS) was another late mover and overtook Wee in the final kilometer.
"I really can't find the words to describe what this means to me, I am just so happy," Martin said of her win. This is pretty major for me. I have had a pretty tough few years and I just really wanted the win today."
The age group race produced some outstanding results today with the biggest sensation of the day being Justin 'Juzzy Brewer. Brewer, 22, was starting his first ever IRONMAN. He posted the fastest overall swim time (46 minutes) and, at times on the bike and the run was leading the race overall. The young Aussie crossed the line 10th overall, second overall age grouper and, of course, won his age group with a fantastic time of 8:52:56.
Coming seventh overall, and the overall age group winner, was Leigh Chapman with an 8:48:29.
In the women's age group race, Lisa Delaurentis posted the fastest overall swim time in 50:46, while overall age group winner and seventh overall was Nera Jareb with a 09:50:51.
Pro Men Results
1. Jimmy JOHNSEN, Denmark 00:51:51 04:38:38 02:54:42 08:29:06
2. Horst REICHEL, Germany 00:48:50 04:39:52 03:01:50 08:34:49
3. Matty WHITE, Australia 00:51:49 04:38:29 03:03:57 08:38:05
4. Jason SHORTIS, Australia 00:53:56 04:42:11 02:58:19 08:38:30
5. Petr VABROUSEK, Czech Republic 00:54:02 04:42:10 03:01:37 08:41:47
Pro Women Results
1. Britta MARTIN, New Zealand 01:02:13 05:00:11 03:06:10 09:13:00
2. Rebekah KEAT, Australia 00:53:58 05:03:44 03:11:57 09:14:39 15 25
3. Rebecca HOSCHKE, Australia 01:02:44 05:03:28 03:09:26 09:19:48 16 31
4. Bree WEE, United States 00:54:04 04:58:59 03:26:59 09:24:40
5. Mirjam WEERD, Netherlands 00:54:02 05:02:14 03:24:12 09:25:48


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Elie's Late Score Propels Rams to Non-Conference Win
Farmingdale State - 1, Buffalo State - 0
Farmingdale, N.Y. - Sophomore forward Melissia Elie (Brentwood, N.Y./Brentwood) scored the games only goal in the 77th minute, leading Farmingdale State to a 1-0 non-conference win over Buffalo State. The Rams won both games in the Farmingdale State Labor Day Invitational and improved to 3-0 on the season. The Bengals dropped to 1-1 overall.
Junior goalkeeper Amanda Maass (Mastic Beach, N.Y./William Floyd) had five saves in the shutout, while sophomore goalie Virginia Porten (Auburn, N.Y./Auburn) recorded nine saves for Buffalo State.
Farmingdale State will travel to Manhattanville College for a non-conference game on Wednesday, September 8th at 7:00 p.m.
In the final game of the Tournament, Western Connecticut (1-1) defeated New England College (0-2-1) by a score of 9-0. The Colonials scored four goals in the first half and added five in the second en route to the 9-0 shutout victory. Western Connecticut held a commanding 39-1 shot advantage.
Sophomore midfielder Jessica Zingle (Middletown, Conn./Middletown) and junior forward Jillian Duran (Uncasville, Conn./Montville) each scored two goals for the Colonials.
Freshmen goalkeepers Alyssa Whitcomb (Littleton, Mass./Westford Academy) and Kassandra Flint (Sherwood, Ore./Sherwood) had six and eight saves respectively for New England College.


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Cassidy's late goal gives Darien the FCIAC championship in win over New Canaan
STAMFORD -- In a game that leant even more credence to the notion Darien-New Canaan is the best rivalry in the FCIAC, the Blue Wave girls hockey team wrestled the FCIAC crown away from the previously perfect Rams with a thrilling 4-3 victory at Terry Conners Ice Rink on Saturday.
Darien led for a mere 1:25 of action, but it was the 1:25 that counted.
Tied 3-3 and nearing the end of what had been a scoreless third period, Darien freshman Georgia Cassidy skated up the center of the ice looking for the game-winner. Cassidy's first shot was stopped, but she got to her rebound and put it into the net to give her team the 4-3 lead.
"I looked up and saw two really good defenders in front of me, so I decided I would just jump it and try to get a rebound, and I got it," said Cassidy, whose dream FCIAC tournament continued after scoring both of Darien's goals in its 2-1 OT win over Ridgefield in the semifinals. "I'm so happy we could do it for Lily (Christensen). I'm so happy for her."
With 1:25 showing on the clock, however, the Blue Wave knew their work was far from over. Darien prevented New Canaan from getting a shot on net after taking the lead, and the clock expired to give them the championship.
"We're covered in bruises from blocking shots, eating it in the corner and wasting time. We did not want that puck anywhere near our goalie," said Lily Christensen, Darien's lone senior and tournament MVP. "It's the greatest feeling in the whole entire world. I've been looking forward to this for four years. This is the game that counted, and we got them."
Four minutes into the game, New Canaan's Olivia Hompe put her team on top when she scored on a wrister after receiving a pass from Corbett Ripley.
After withstanding New Canaan's initial charge, it appeared Darien would get out of the first period still trailing by just one goal, but the Rams' Catherine Granito had other plans. Granito scored from close range with 20 seconds left, as Madzie Carroll and Hompe collected the assists.
"I'm going to give some credit to Darien. We had them down for a while and they came back and were showing a lot of heart," Carroll said. "I'm glad we have another chance (in the state tournament), so there's nothing else we can do but look forward."
"(New Canaan has) an unbelievable team, unbelievable players and these kids are amazing. We gave up that goal, and we talked about the whole week in practice of just keeping it close," Darien coach Jamie Tropsa said. "When we got down 2-0, they could have packed it in. We lost to them 7-1 a few weeks ago. I was truly amazed how they just didn't want to give in, and they didn't."
Just over a minute and half into the second period, Darien's Ellie Bennett got her team on the board by notching an unassisted power-play goal.
Less than three minutes later, the Blue Wave pulled even when Cassidy scored her first of two goals after dekeing a New Canaan defender. Julia Arrix, who made a long pass to Cassidy, collected the assist.
Midway through the second period, Hompe received a pass from Carroll and seemed to weave past every Darien defender on the ice before scoring on a backhand to give her team the 3-2 lead.
Darien, however, got another power-play opportunity, and Amanda Sload scored with one second left on the man-advantage. Sload's tally tied the game 3-3, and it would remain that way until Cassidy's game-winner late in the third.
Late in the second, Carroll got the puck to Hompe, whose shot appeared to just graze the top of the crossbar before bouncing over the Darien net.
"You've got to give Darien all the credit in the world; they scored goals that they needed to score," New Canaan coach Rich Bulan said. "I'm very proud of what we've accomplished, we're not done and we've got to come back Monday and put this behind us. That'll really show us what we're made of."
Entering the third tied 3-3, New Canaan had 56 seconds left on a power play and nearly scored. In a flash, Hompe was on a breakaway as soon as the puck dropped, but Darien goalie Shannon Hall made what may have the best of her 29 saves, quickly reacting to make a kick save with her right pad before covering the puck.
"I think it's important to stay calm, especially when a player like Olivia is coming at you. So I had to take a deep breath and watch where she was going and follow her, and I just had to do what I got to do," Hall said. "It's honestly unreal. To beat them in the FCIAC final is a dream come true. It's ridiculous."
firstname.lastname@example.com; Twitter: @jchik17
Goals: D--Georgia Cassidy 2, Ellie Bennett, Amanda Sload; NC--Olivia Hompe 2, Catherine Granito. Assists: D--Julia Arrix; NC--Madzie Carroll 2, Hompe, Corbett Ripley. Goalies: D--Shannon Hall (29 saves); NC--Nathalie Deney (15), Sarah Klearman (1). Shots: D--18; NC--32.


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Changes in brain density could be used to predict whether an individual who is at risk for schizophrenia is likely to develop the condition or not. A study published today in the open access journal BMC Medicine reveals that monitoring changes in grey matter density over time using brain scans could help early detection of individuals who are likely to develop schizophrenia, when used in combination with other prediction methods.
Dominic Job and colleagues from the University of Edinburgh in the UK analysed the brain scans of 65 individuals known to be at risk for schizophrenia because members of their family had suffered from it. The scans were generated using structural magnetic resonance imaging techniques (sMRI). Job et al. analysed changes in grey matter density in the scans, over a period of 18 months. Eight of the individuals studied went on to develop schizophrenia, on average 2.3 years after the brain scans were collected.
Job et al.'s results show that a reduction in grey matter density over time could be used as an indicator that an individual who is at risk will develop schizophrenia. Sixty percent of the individuals who according to Job et al.'s results were likely to develop schizophrenia, because they showed a reduction in grey matter in one part of their brain called the temporal gyrus, did develop the condition. Over 90% of the individuals who according to Job et al.'s predictions would not develop schizophrenia, did not develop it. Job et al.'s predictions could be used to assess possibilities for preventing schizophrenia.


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You have selected a 30 minute appointment on Mar 27, 2019 at 2:00pm. Please complete the following information.Be assured that your personal information is fully-secure, totally confidential, and never shared by our office.
To cancel and reschedule your appointment CLICK HERE
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To start your search (accessible by clicking on "Search ACJE Opinions" in the menu to the left), type search terms that describe your issue and click GO. Documents in which your search terms are near each other will automatically display towards the top of your results list.
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Security gates with an intercom feature provide a high level of security to your home or office. If you are a homeowner you are responsible for the safety of everyone in your home, if you are an employer you are repsonsible for the safety of your employees, this repsonsibility isn't one to take lightly and we understand the importance as well. Let us help you find a local professional who can review your options for utmost safety and at a reasonable price.
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Baldwin County Fence Company
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(251) 943-6442


text: Which horses on a carousel move the fastest: the ones on the inside or the ones on the outside? Does a roller coaster have an engine? Amusement park rides can give a fun glimpse into the physics needed to make them work. You'll find physics can be pretty amusing!... Continue


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I'm trying to assign a correct rotation on my tablet. https://superuser.com/questions/340516/assigning-a-rotation-script-to-a-hardware-button
One way to do this is using gnome keyboard shortcuts. However, there is an action that is already assigned to that button. I'd like to remove that action but I'm not sure how to change the key binding. When I add a key binding in gnome, it just adds another action to the button instead of replacing it.


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Crabtree, Rohrbaugh & Associates - Architects
Crabtree, Rohrbaugh & Associates was founded in 1984 on a simple principle: a client-oriented approach to architecture. This principle drives us today. Founders Tom Crabtree and Doug Rohrbaugh believe that there is a better way to provide architectural services: an approach that puts the client first.Learn More About Our Philosophy
Our Most Valuable Asset
Our people are our most valuable asset. We are proud to know that our professionals are among the most talented and diversified in the country and the environment we have created at the firm has kept our core members growing with us.Learn More About Our People