text:
Our Health Program
If someone offered you Optimal Health, would you take it?
Take Shape For Life is more than a weight-loss plan.
Ours is a program for healthy living that will change you for good.
Your free Health Coach guides you with the Medifast 5 & 1 Plan to lose weight quickly and safely, while helping you learn the healthy habits to keep weight off.


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Belgrade man arrested on counterfeiting charge; police say he spent thousands in fake money
WATERVILLE, Maine (AP) � Police have tracked down a Belgrade man they say spent thousands of dollars of counterfeit cash in the Waterville area in the past few weeks.
Jeremy McCaslin was charged this week with aggravated forgery for allegedly printing and spending phony bills.
Waterville Police Chief Joseph Massey says his department started getting calls Jan. 17 from businesses that had received fake bills. Investigators caught up with the 37-year-old McCaslin on Monday when a cab driver told police that someone had paid a fare with counterfeit money. They later pulled over McCaslin's car, and found two printers and some sheets of fake money that had not been cut.
Massey tells the Morning Sentinel (http://bit.ly/10MNFl2) that McCaslin told them he was a drug addict who used the fake money to pay his dealers.
Information from: Morning Sentinel, http://www.onlinesentinel.com/

subset: commoncrawl


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Our products vary from hand made shabby chic French furniture to the most delicate pieces of objet d'art. We also source unique pieces from around the world in a variety of styles. Perfect to furnish an entire house or just to add the final touch to any room.
The Art of Furniture
The French Furniture Company creates hand carved French style furniture. If you are looking for French bedroom furniture, French dining room furniture or a rare accent piece we have a distinct selection to match any interior.
Our range of products also includes finely carved mirrors, painted or gilded mahogany furniture and deftly created objet d'art.
Colour is a key factor in deciding the look and feel you wish to reach for any room. So our furniture comes in a wide range of colours to match any setting.
French Style Bedroom Furniture
The bed is a focal point in any bedroom and we have several beds to select from. With carved beds radiating French allure to classical panel beds; all are beds are available in several styles from Baroque to Louis XVI amongst others. Our range of dressing tables, chest of drawers, armoire and seating are designed to be the ideal match to all our beds. All are available in matching colour ranges and finishes.
French Style Chairs
Our elegant selection of French style chairs, sofas and chaise longues are sure to be a chic addition to your home. Our range offers you the ultimate in comfort and luxury; compete with a style that is sure to last you a lifetime.
Study Furniture
Bringing form and function together with a quality finish. Our study furniture collection is sure to be the crowning glory of any office. Matching desks and chairs are offered in a mahogany or walnut finish. All are made to order in any colour of your choice.


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Based in Seoul, ADER ERROR is more than a designer brand - they are an artist collective, working together to change the landscape of modern art and fashion. The debut of PUMA x ADER ERROR brings their unique sensibilities to a variety of PUMA silhouettes. Collage detailing, bold text and logo play and a combination of modern and retro design elements brings this exceptional collection to life.
Go retro in these chic ADER-designed pants. With a boldly branded waist, fashionable flared leg and cool colour blocking, you're sure to turn heads.
Care Instructions


text:
Miranda Kerr & Orlando Bloom: Global Green Pre-Oscars Party!
Miranda Kerr and Orlando Bloom hit the red carpet at the Global Green USA's Pre-Oscar Party held at Avalon on Wednesday (February 20) in Hollywood.
The 29-year-old model looked lovely in a Peter Pilotto dress, Christian Louboutin shoes, and Charriol jewelry. Orlando wore a Saint Laurent suit and shirt.
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Miranda Kerr
Earlier in the day, Orly was spotted arriving at the gym for an afternoon workout in West Hollywood.
Over the weekend, Orlando went shirtless while spending the day with Miranda and their son Flynn at the beach in Malibu.


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Parking Permits are designed for the inside of a vehicle window. Popular markets include schools, apartment complexes and businesses requiring secured parking.
Clear Polyester
Clear Static Stick
White Reflective
Note: All items are face application. White ink is included in the price for clear and static stick decals.
Production Time: Approximately 5 working days. Add approximately 2 working days if numbering or barcodes are required.
Color Match: Add $43.00(E) per color to be matched.
Copy/Color Change: Add $40.00(E) per each change. Copy and color changes cannot be combined on the same order. Changes must be in multiples of the minimum quantity shown.
Numbering: Standard numbers are 7/32" high and printed in black ink on a clear background. If white 7/32" high consecutive numbering is required, please specify. Black numbers are available up to 1" tall. Common choices include: 7/32", 3/8", 1/2", 3/4" and 1". Prices shown are for one location only. Please specify size and sequence when ordering.
Number Sequence Change: We will change the numbering sequence for $10.50(G) per each change.
Art Preparation: There are no art charges for orders with approved digital art. Add $51.00(C) for artwork that does not meet specifications.


text:
605 Series Stainless Steel Rulers
by Gaebel
One-sided ruler. Made from 301 and 410 spring tempered stainless steel. Rulers are 1 1/4 in. wide and .032 in. thick. The top is inches (16ths) and the bottom is picas/half-picas. These rulers have flush starts and indented finishes.
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text:
ATI's RD600 Intel edition will ship, says mobo maker
Short-term roadmap unchanged by merger
ATI CEO Dave Orton yesterday said the company's short-term roadmap remains the same, whether the firm gets bought by AMD or not, but there's still concern in some quarters that news of the takeover will impact ATI's ability to ship Intel-oriented chipsets in the near future. Well, according to mobo maker DFI, ATI's RD600 for Core 2 Duo will ship.
Staffers at Aussie website Tweaktown just got back from a visit to DFI in Taiwan and report that a company engineer claimed RD600 will go ahead as planned.
Longer term, the situation is unclear. ATI's shareholders may reject the AMD offer. If they accept it, Intel may continue to license its bus technology. Or it may not. AMD is assuming it won't or that customers will simply choose to look elsewhere for non-Intel chipsets for Intel-made processors. Certainly, it warned yesterday that it expects ATI's Intel-related revenues to fall off over time, though it said the warning was a prudent assumption rather than a forecast of how the merger will play out. ®
Read our Intel Core 2 Duo and Core 2 Extreme review here


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Wabash College President Patrick E. White has announced that the College has received an $8.1 million grant from Lilly Endowment Inc. that will continue the work of the Wabash Center for Teaching and Learning in Theology and Religion through June 30, 2012.
Founded in 1996 through a grant from Lilly Endowment, the Wabash Center for Teaching and Learning in Theology and Religion enhances and strengthens education in theology and religion in North American theological schools, colleges, and universities. The Wabash Center, directed by Dr. Nadine S. Pence, hosts workshops and conferences, makes institutional and individual grants, provides trained consultants for religion and theology faculty, and provides print and web resources to encourage excellence in teaching and learning.
"The College is very grateful to Lilly Endowment for its generous and vital support of the Wabash Center for Teaching and Learning in Theology and Religion," said President White. By modeling the strategies, conversations, and self-reflection that enhance good teaching and learning in workshops and colloquies in its beautiful new building on campus, the Center has built a national reputation for excellent pedagogy in theology and religion.
"Wabash is very proud of the work of the Wabash Center, as the founding vision of Dr. Raymond Williams and the hospitality of Dr. Lucinda Huffaker continues to be enacted so ably by Dr. Nadine (Dena) Pence and her fine staff," added the President. (The three directors are pictured above right.)
By summer's end, more than 800 faculty members will have taken a direct part in programs on the Wabash College campus. These workshops and colloquies meet three times over the course of one year and draw two applicants for every opening.
In addition, over its 12-year history, the Wabash Center has awarded 786 grants, totaling more than $10.2 million, to institutions and individual faculty members. The Wabash Center's website receives more than a half-million hits from nearly 8,000 unique visitors each month.
"By awarding us this grant, Lilly Endowment has re-affirmed its commitment to and confidence in the work of the Wabash Center," said Pence. "The Endowment's generosity will enable us to continue to do work that no one else is doing: to encourage excellence in teaching in the schools of theology and departments of religion across North America."
The Wabash Center organizes its activities around five areas: strengthening teaching and learning; developing the professoriate in theology and religion; supporting teaching environments in theological schools and religion departments; understanding new technologies in teaching and learning; and developing scholarly literature on theological teaching.
Between now and 2012, the Wabash Center will host approximately 150 additional faculty members in 12 different on-campus workshops and colloquies, over 45 consultations will take place on campuses across the country, and up to 350 new faculty will take part in shorter programs at regional and national conferences. More than $2 million in grants will be issued to individuals and institutions.
"It is stunning to hear the gratitude and praise from former workshop and colloquy participants," added Pence. "They talk about the tremendous richness of the experience and how it has shaped their teaching in vital ways. Perhaps the most indelible parts of each workshop are the friendships that are made with colleagues who now span the United States and Canada in a diversity of schools."
While the 2009-2012 grant will fund many ongoing programs, the Wabash Center will also launch a number of new initiatives related to its mission, including:
A Graduate School Teaching Initiative which will work with doctoral degree granting institutions in theology and religion to assess how well their programs prepare graduate students to be teachers.
A Theological Education Teaching Initiative which will hold conversations related to the theoretical underpinnings of practical theology and its place in seminary curricula.
Ongoing conversation and study in the area of online courses and their pedagogical strengths and weaknesses.
The development of an evaluative learning program for its grant recipients which will provide consultants to help the grantees develop evaluation and assessment strategies appropriate to their grant project.
The Wabash Center for Teaching and Learning in Theology and Religion is wholly funded by grants from Lilly Endowment. This $8.1 million grant brings the total grant amount received from the Endowment to $35 million for 17 years of programs.
For more information, please contact the Wabash Center at (765) 361-6047 or email@example.com. You may also visit the Wabash Center is on the web.


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|Oracle® Enterprise Manager Advanced Configuration
10g Release 1 (10.1)
Part Number B12013-01
|View PDF
This chapter describes maintenance and troubleshooting techniques for maintaining a well-performing Management Repository.
Specifically, this chapter contains the following sections:
Requirement to Manually Analyze Specific Management Repository Tables
To be sure that your management data is secure, reliable, and always available, consider the following settings and configuration guidelines when you are deploying the Management Repository:
Install a RAID-capable Logical Volume Manager (LVM) on the system where the Management Repository resides. At a minimum the operating system must support disk mirroring and stripping. Configure all the repository data files with some redundant configuration.
Use Real Application Clusters to provide the highest levels of availability for the repository.
If you use Enterprise Manager to alert administrators of errors or availability issues in a production environment, be sure that the Grid Control Framework components are configured with the same level of availability. At a minimum, consider using Oracle Data Guard to mirror the Management Repository database. Configure the Data Guard environment for no data loss.
You should configure your database to use at least three redo logs no less than 100MB each in size.
Oracle strongly recommends that archive logging be turned on and that a comprehensive backup strategy be in place prior to an Enterprise Manager implementation going live in a production environment. The backup strategy should include both incremental and full backups as required.
See Also:Oracle Enterprise Manager Basic Installation and Configuration for information about the database initialization parameters required for Management Repository
If you are using an Oracle9i database with Partitioning, you should manually analyze three specific tables in the Management Repository each time the number of targets you manages changes significantly.
When the various components of Enterprise Manager are configured and running efficiently, the Oracle Management Service gathers large amounts of raw data from the Agents running on your managed hosts and loads that data into the Management Repository. This data is the raw information that is later aggregated, organized, and presented to you in Enterprise Manager Console.
After the Oracle Management Service loads information into the Repository; Enterprise Manager aggregates and purges the data over time.
The following sections describe:
The default aggregation and purging policies used to maintain data in the Management Repository
How you can modify how long the data is retained before it is aggregated and then purged from the repository
Enterprise Manager aggregates your management data by hour and by day to minimize the size of the Management Repository. Before the data is aggregated, each data point is stored in a raw data table. Raw data is rolled up, or aggregated, into a one-hour aggregated metric table. One-hour records are then rolled up into a one-day table.
After Enterprise Manager aggregates the data, the data is then considered eligible for purging. A certain period of time has to pass for data to actually be purged. This period of time is called the retention time.
The raw data, with the highest insert volume, has the shortest default retention time, which is set to 7 days. As a result, 7 days after it is aggregated into a one-hour record, a raw data point is eligible for purging.
One-hour aggregate data records are purged 31 days after they are rolled up to the one-day data table. The highest level of aggregation, one day, is kept for 365 days.
The default data retention policies are summarized in Table 6-1.
Table 6-1 Default Repository Purging Policies
|Aggregate Level
|Retention Time
|Raw metric data
|7 days
|One-hour aggregated metric data
|31 days
|One-day aggregated metric data
|365 days
Note:When you delete a target, Enterprise Manager automatically deletes all historical metric data in the next repository purge interval.
If you have configured and enabled Application Performance Management, Enterprise Manager also gathers, saves, aggregates, and purges response time data. The response time data is purged using policies similar to those used for metric data. The Application Performance Management purging policies are shown in Table 6-2.
Table 6-2 Default Repository Purging Policies for Application Performance Management Data
|Aggregate Level
|Retention Time
|Raw response time data
|24 hours
|One-hour aggregated response time data
|7 days
|One-hour distribution response time data
|24 hours
|One-day aggregated response time data
|31 days
|One-day distribution aggregated response time data
|31 days
Besides the metric data and Application Performance Monitoring data, other types of Enterprise Manager data accumulates over time in the Management Repository. These other types of data, such as severities, availability records, and string metric history are retained indefinitely.
For example, the last availability record for a target will also remain in the repository indefinitely, so the last known state of a target is preserved.
The Enterprise Manager default aggregation and purging policies were designed to provide the most available data for analysis while still providing the best performance and disk-space requirements for the repository. As a result, you should not modify these policies to improve performance or increase your available disk space. Modifying these default policies can affect the performance of the repository and have adverse reactions on the scalability of your Enterprise Manager installation.
However, if you plan to extract or review the raw or aggregated data using data analysis tools other than Enterprise Manager, you may want to increase the amount of raw or aggregated data available in the repository. You can accomplish this by increasing the retention times for the raw or aggregated data.
To modify the default retention time for each level of management data in the repository, you must insert additional rows into the MGMT_PARAMETERS table in the repository database. Table 6-3 shows the parameters you must insert into the MGMT_PARAMETERS table to modify the retention time for each of the raw data and aggregate data tables.
Table names that contain "_RT_" indicate tables used for Application Performance Monitoring response time data. In the Table Name column, replace datatype with one of the three response time data types: DOMAIN, IP, or URL.
Table 6-3 Parameters for Modifying Default Data Retention Times in the Management Repository
|Table Name
|Parameter in MGMT_PARAMETERS Table
|Default Retention Value
|7 days
|31 days
|365 days
|24 hours
|7 days
|31 days
|24 hours
|31 days
For example, to change the default retention time for the table MGMT_METRICS_RAW from seven days to 14 days:
Use SQL*Plus to connect to the repository database as the Management Repository user.
The default Management Repository user is
Enter the following SQL to insert the parameter and change the default value:
INSERT INTO MGMT_PARAMETERS (PARAMETER_NAME, PARAMETER_VALUE) VALUES ('mgmt_raw_keep_window','14');
Similarly, to change from the default retention time for all of the MGMT_RT_datatype_1DAY tables from 31 days to 100 days:
Use SQL*Plus to connect to the repository database as the Management Repository user.
The default Management Repository user is
Enter the following SQL to insert the parameter and change the default value:
INSERT INTO MGMT_PARAMETERS (PARAMETER_NAME, PARAMETER_VALUE) VALUES ('mgmt_rt_day_keep_window', '100');
By default, when you delete a target from the Grid Control, Enterprise Manager automatically deletes all target data, including raw metric data and aggregated data, from the Management Repository.
However, deleting raw and aggregated metric data for database and other data-rich targets is a resource consuming operation. Targets can have hundreds of thousands of rows of data and the act of deleting this data can degrade performance of Enterprise Manager for the duration of the deletion, especially when several targets are deleted at once.To avoid this resource-consuming operation, you can prevent Enterprise Manager from performing this task each time you delete a target. When you prevent Enterprise Manager from performing this task, the metric data for deleted targets is not purged as part of target deletion task; instead, it is purged as part of the regular purge mechanism, which is more efficient.
In addition, Oracle strongly recommends that you do not add new targets with the same name and type as the deleted targets within 24 hours of target deletion. Adding a new target with the same name and type will result in the Grid Control showing data belonging to the deleted target for the first 24 hours.
To disable raw metric data deletion:
Use SQL*Plus to connect to the repository as the Management Repository user.
The default repository user is SYSMAN. For example:
SQL> connect sysman/oldpassword;
To disable metric deletion, run the following SQL.
To enable metric deletion at a later point, run the following SQL:
If the Management Repository is stored in an Oracle9i database and the Partitioning option is enabled, Oracle strongly recommends that you manually analyze three specific tables in the database on a regular basis:
This requirement does not apply to Oracle Database 10g. To determine if Partitioning is available in your Oracle9i database, connect to the database using SQL*Plus and enter the following query:
SQL> SELECT VALUE FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER='Partitioning';
If the query returns "TRUE," then partitioning is enabled in the database and you should use the following guidelines when deciding when to analyze these tables:
The analysis should be done after the number of targets in the EM has after you stabilized.
For example, after you first install the Grid Control, there will be a period of time when you are actively adding new targets to manage. After you have deployed the Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control Framework, and after you have added most of the targets that you plan to manage, you should perform the table analysis.
Thereafter, you should perform the analysis of the tables each time a large number of targets is added to the Grid Control installation.
The statistics generated by the analysis should stay valid as long as the number of targets and collections for the targets stays the same. In other words, the manual analysis should be required only when the number of targets managed changes significantly.
Before analyzing the tables, you must stop the Enterprise Manager rollup DBMS job. You can restart the rollup job after the table analysis has completed. If the rollup job is allowed to run during the analysis, the rollup job will cause the analysis to fail by invalidating all the SQL cursors used in the analysis.
Example 6-1 shows a SQL*Plus session that demonstrates how to stop and restart the rollup job and perform the analysis on the tables.
Example 6-1 Stopping the rollup DBMS Job and Manually Analyzing Selected Management Repository Tables with SQL-Plus
Connected to: Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 184.108.40.206.0 - Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Oracle Label Security, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options JServer Release 18.104.22.168.0 - Production SQL> exec emd_maintenance.remove_em_dbms_jobs; PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SYSMAN','MGMT_METRICS_1DAY',NULL, DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE, FALSE,'FOR ALL COLUMNS',NULL,'GLOBAL',FALSE,NULL,NULL,NULL); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SYSMAN','MGMT_METRICS_1HOUR',NULL, DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE, FALSE,'FOR ALL COLUMNS',NULL,'GLOBAL',FALSE,NULL,NULL,NULL); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SYSMAN','MGMT_METRICS_RAW',NULL, DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE, FALSE,'FOR ALL COLUMNS',NULL,'GLOBAL',FALSE,NULL,NULL,NULL); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> exec emd_maintenance.submit_em_dbms_jobs PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
The SYSMAN account is the default super user account used to set up and administer Enterprise Manager. It is also the database account that owns the objects stored in the Oracle Management Repository. From this account, you can set up additional administrator accounts and set up Enterprise Manager for use in your organization.
The SYSMAN account is created automatically in the Management Repository database during the Enterprise Manager installation. You also provide a password for the SYSMAN account during the installation.
See Also:Oracle Enterprise Manager Basic Installation and Configuration for information about installing Enterprise Manager
If you later need to change the SYSMAN database account password, you can do so by using the following procedure:
Shut down all the Oracle Management Service instances that are associated with the Management Repository.
Change directory to the
AGENT_HOME/bin directory for the Management Agent that monitors the Management Repository.
To locate the Management Agent that monitors the Management Service, click the Management Systems tab in the Grid Control. and note the value of the Monitoring Agent field in the General section of the page.
You can also determine the list of targets that are monitored by a particular Oracle Management Agent by navigating to the Oracle Management Agent home page in the Grid Control, or by using the
emctl config agent listtargets command.
See Also:"Listing the Targets on a Managed Host"
Use the
emctl config agent credentials command to specify the new password for the OMS and Repository target so the Oracle Management Agent can connect to the Repository.
Change the password of the SYSMAN database account using the following SQL*Plus commands:
SQL>connect sysman/oldpassword; SQL>alter user sysman identified by newpassword;
For each Management Service associated with the Management Repository, locate the
emoms.properties configuration file.
emoms.properties file can be found in the following directory of the Oracle Application Server Home where the Oracle Management Service is installed and deployed:
Locate the following entries in the
emoms.properties file:
oracle.sysman.eml.mntr.emdRepPwd=ece067ffc15edc4f oracle.sysman.eml.mntr.emdRepPwdEncrypted=TRUE
Enter your new password in the first entry and enter FALSE in the second entry.
For example:
oracle.sysman.eml.mntr.emdRepPwd=new_password oracle.sysman.eml.mntr.emdRepPwdEncrypted=FALSE
Save and exit the
emoms.properties file and restart each Management Service associated with the Management Repository.
After the Oracle Management Service has started, check the contents of the
emoms.properties file to be sure the password you entered has been encrypted.
For example, the entries should appear as follows:
oracle.sysman.eml.mntr.emdRepPwd=ece067ffc15edc4f oracle.sysman.eml.mntr.emdRepPwdEncrypted=TRUE
This section provides information about dropping the repository from your existing database and recreating the management repository after you install Enterprise Manager.
To recreate the Management Repository, you first remove the Enterprise Manager schema from your repository database. You accomplish this task using the
-action drop argument to the
RepManager script, which is described in the following procedure.
To remove the Management Repository from your database:
Locate the
RepManager script in the following directory of the Oracle Application Server Home where you have installed and deployed the Oracle Management Service:
At the command prompt, enter the following command:
$PROMPT> RepManager repository_host repository_port repository_SID -sys_password password_for_sys_account -action drop
In this syntax example:
repository_host is the machine name where the repository database is located
repository_port is the repository database listener port address, usually 1521 or 1526
repository_SID is the repository database system identifier
password_for_sys_account is the password of the SYS user for the database. For example,
-action drop indicates that you want to drop the repository.
Alternatively, you can use a connect descriptor to identify the database on the RepManager command line. The connect descriptor identifies the host, port, and name of the database using a standard Oracle database syntax.
For example, you can use the connect descriptor as follows to create the Management Repository:
$PROMPT> ./RepManager -connect (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP) (HOST=host1)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATE=(SERVICE_NAME=servicename))) -sys_password efkl34lmn -action drop
See Also:"Establishing a Connection and Testing the Network" in the Oracle Net Services Administrator's Guide for more information about connecting to a database using connect descriptors
The preferred method for creating the Management Repository is to create the repository during the Enterprise Manager installation procedure, which is performed using Oracle Universal Installer.
See Also:Oracle Enterprise Manager Basic Installation and Configuration for information about installing Enterprise Manager
However, if you need to recreate the repository in an existing database, you can use the
RepManager script, which is installed when you install the Oracle Management Service. Refer to the following sections for more information:
Using the RepManager Script to Create the Management Repository
Using a Connect Descriptor to Identify the Management Repository Database
To create a repository in an existing database:
Review the hardware and software requirements for the Management Repository as described in Oracle Enterprise Manager Basic Installation and Configuration. and review the section "Management Repository Deployment Guidelines".
Locate the
RepManager script in the following directory of the Oracle Management Service home directory:
At the command prompt, enter the following command:
$PROMPT> ./RepManager repository_host repository_port repository_SID -sys_password password_for_sys_account -action create
In this syntax example:
repository_host is the machine name where the repository database is located
repository_port is the repository database listener port address, usually 1521 or 1526
repository_SID is the repository database system identifier
password_for_sys_account is the password of the SYS user for the database. For example,
Enterprise Manager creates the repository in the database you specified in the command line.
Alternatively, you can use a connect descriptor to identify the database on the RepManager command line. The connect descriptor identifies the host, port, and name of the database using a standard Oracle database syntax.
For example, you can use the connect descriptor as follows to create the Management Repository:
$PROMPT> ./RepManager -connect (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP) (HOST=host1)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=servicename))) -sys_password efkl34lmn -action create
See Also:"Establishing a Connection and Testing the Network" in the Oracle Net Services Administrator's Guide for more information about connecting to a database using a connect descriptor
The ability to use a connect string allows you to provide an address list as part of the connection string. The following example shows how you can provide an address list consisting of two listeners as part of the
RepManager command line. If a listener on one host becomes unavailable, the second listener can still accept incoming requests:
$PROMPT> ./RepManager -connect (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=host1)(PORT=1521) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=host2)(PORT=1521) (CONNECT_DATE=(SERVICE_NAME=servicename))) -sys_password efkl34lmn -action create
Oracle Universal Installer creates the Management Repository using a configuration step at the end of the installation process. If the repository configuration tool fails, note the exact error messages displayed in the configuration tools window, wait until the other configuration tools have finished, exit from Universal Installer, and then use the following sections to troubleshoot the problem.
If the creation of your Management Repository is interrupted, you may receive the following when you attempt to create or drop the Management Repository at a later time:
SQL> ERROR: ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1 ORA-04068: existing state of packages has been discarded ORA-04067: not executed, package body "SYSMAN.MGMT_USER" does not exist ORA-06508: PL/SQL: could not find program unit being called ORA-06512: at "SYSMAN.SETEMUSERCONTEXT", line 5 ORA-06512: at "SYSMAN.CLEAR_EMCONTEXT_ON_LOGOFF", line 4 ORA-06512: at line 4
To fix this problem, see "General Troubleshooting Techniques for Creating the Repository".
If you receive an error such as the following when you try to connect to the repository database, you are likely using an unsupported version of the Oracle Database:
Server Connection Hung
To remedy the problem, upgrade your database to the supported version as described in Oracle Enterprise Manager Basic Installation and Configuration.
If you encounter an error while creating the Management Repository, drop the repository by running the
-drop argument to the RepManager script.
See Also:"Dropping the Management Repository"
If the RepManager script drops the repository successfully, try creating the repository again.
If you encounter errors while dropping the repository, do the following:
Connect to the database as SYSDBA using SQL*Plus.
Check to see if the SYSMAN database user exists in the repository database.
For example, use the following command to see if the SYSMAN user exists:
prompt> SELECT username FROM DBA_USERS WHERE username='SYSMAN';
If the SYSMAN user exists, drop the user by entering the following SQL*Plus command:
prompt> DROP USER SYSMAN CASCADE;
Check to see if the following triggers exist:
For example, use the following command to see if the EMD_USER_LOGOFF trigger exists in the database:
prompt> SELECT trigger_name FROM ALL_TRIGGERS WHERE trigger_name='EMD_USER_LOGOFF';
If the triggers exist, drop them from the database using the following commands:
prompt> DROP TRIGGER SYSMAN.EMD_USER_LOGOFF; prompt> DROP TRIGGER SYSMAN.EMD_USER_LOGON;


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As Marvel Studios' cinematic universe continues to find success - with Iron Man 3 launching Phase 2 to a total box office take of over $1 billion worldwide - we've also seen a number of other properties return to the Marvel fold. In some cases this is because the production companies who temporarily owned them missed the deadline for rebooting the property, allowing the rights to revert back to Marvel (see: Daredevil). In other cases, as with Sony and Columbia's recent return of Ghost Rider, the properties have been sold back to Marvel because the other studios simply didn't want to use them any more.
Perhaps it's no surprise, given those recent precedents, that so much attention was given this week to a rumor that Sony was considering selling off major franchises like Spider-Man and Resident Evil in a bid to raise capital for their entertainment division. If this were true, then it would open up the possibility of Marvel buying back the rights to Spider-Man and potentially integrating the character into the Marvel cinematic universe.
So, is there a chance that we'll soon see Spider-Man fighting alongside Thor, Captain America, Iron Man and the Hulk, joining the growing shared universe of Marvel movies? In short: no. This is not going to happen. Not a chance. Sony isn't considering it, and they never were.
The rumor has been thoroughly debunked by SlashFilm, and appears to have arisen from confusion regarding a letter written to Sony's current CEO, Kiz Harai, in which major investor and owner of Third Point Offshore Investors, Dan Loeb, advised that the company sell a 15-20% stake in its entertainment division, in order to raise capital and prove the value of the division.
The talk of Sony selling off Resident Evil and Spider-Man was based on the mistaken belief that Loeb's proposal suggested selling actual properties, when in fact he was simply recommending that Sony sell stock in its entertainment properties. Whether or not they will actually decide to do so is still unclear, as Harai was pretty non-committal on the issue. In the report that started the rumor, over the The Register, Harai responded:
"Third Point's proposal involves the way we manage a core business of the Sony group and the direction of our management. So the Sony board will give it thorough consideration before replying to Mr Loeb."
Perhaps there will come a point in the future at which Sony is inclined to sell Spider-Man back to Marvel - after all, it's hard to predict whether or not the franchise will continue to be profitable for the company, and how long the popularity will last. But the difference between Spider-Man and properties like Ghost Rider, Blade and Daredevil is that The Amazing Spider-Man netted a worldwide gross of over $750 million when it was released last year, and The Amazing Spider-Man 2 is likely to see similar success when it's released in 2014. Including the original trilogy, the Spider-Man movies have made over $3.3 billion at the box office, and are currently the most lucrative movie franchise that Sony owns.
At this point, it would probably require a temporary break in sanity for Sony to sell off the property. To put the final nail in the coffin of this rumor, head of Sony Pictures Amy Pascal responded to the reports by telling AICN that she would "never ever ever" let go of the Spider-Man franchise, which she considers to be tied into the legacy of her time at Sony Pictures.
Before you get too up in arms, Spidey fans: As we discussed on our Screen Rant Underground podcast, Marvel Studios holding all the cards is not necessarily the best approach. Marvel only has so much budget to go around in their film division, which means they can only make so many films per year. Even if you saw more of Spidey in the Marvel Movie Universe, that major franchise would come at the expense of seeing second-tier characters like Doctor Strange or Black Panther getting their turn at bat. And considering Sony and Marvel were once planning to merge their universes by having an Oscorp cameo in The Avengers, fans may nonetheless get what they really want: to see Spider-Man and The Avengers side-by-side.
Would you like to see Spider-Man return to Marvel so that he can play with the other kids, or do you like the fact that a few Marvel characters are being developed by other studios, away from the Marvel cinematic universe?
[poll id="609"]
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 is out in theaters on May 14, 2014.
Source: The Register [via ComicBookTherapy], SlashFilm and AICN.


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Prettypegs: New Product for Customizing IKEA Furniture
- Location: online only
- Website: prettypegs.se
Store History
IKEA hackers have come up with ingenious ways to transform and redesign the Swedish mega-store's products. But for those of us without the time, energy, skills or resourcefulness needed for an involved DIY project there are a few other ways to customize your favorite IKEA pieces.
Let's start from the bottom up: Swedish company Prettypegs sells fun, colorful support legs in a range of shapes and sizes. All you have to do is remove the existing legs and screw in the new ones. And suddenly your sofa looks so much less generic. Think of it as buying new fabulous shoes for your furniture.
Shipping charges are flat rate so there is a single shipping fee regardless of how many products your order contains. For US shoppers, the rate is US $26.
Meanwhile, another company company called Panyl (see our Store Profile in Marketplace) creates flexible, self-adhesive vinyl film that is pre-cut to the dimensions of specific IKEA furniture models. You can choose from 34 (and counting) different vinyl finishes in solid colors, wood grains, and a few specialty finishes like brushed aluminum. The newest in the PANYL lines is the EKBY JÄRPEN shelf and bracket. All you have to do is pick from a range of colors and PANYL will send you the shelf all ready to assemble (just purchase the EKBY BJÄRNUM bracket from IKEA to hold the shelf up).
Sources: Prettypegs; Panyl


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Capcom has announced a massive Resident Evil 15th Anniversary Box bundle that allows you to put all of those old copies in a box and never look at them again. The Anniversary Box, set to be released on September 8, can only be purchased through the Japanese e-Capcom store.
It includes PS1 discs for the Japanese versions of Resident Evil: Director's Cut, Resident Evil 2, Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, the PS3 HD pack Resident Evil: Revival Selection which includes Resident Evil Code: Veronica and Resident Evil 4, soundtrack CDs for RE4 and Code: Veronica, and "pins and stickers (S.T.A.R.S. and Umbrella)." Finally, you get a "spacer" for Resident Evil 5 so you can store it in this box, because that game isn't part of this bundle for some reason.
The whole box sells for 7,800 Yen. That would be around $96, but simply calculating the Dollar price is never a good indication when it comes to Japanese prices, so the best you can do is save up in case Capcom decides to release the bundle in other regions as well. Or you could just import it.
Capcom Readying Resident Evil 15th Anniversary Box [Andriasang via VG247]
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WICHITA -- A central Kansas woman has pleaded guilty to embezzling more than $211,000 from a feedlot where she worked to pay off losses from her own cattle trading.
The U.S. Attorney's office says Carrie L. Frederick, 37, of Sterling, entered the pleas Monday to three counts of wire fraud. She was charged late last year and will be sentenced Sept. 11.
Frederick admitted stealing the money from Sellers Farms, a livestock feeding operation in Lyons where she went to work in 2007.
She owed more than $150,000 to her previous employer, Golden Belt Feeders in St. John, for losses from cattle transactions she financed while serving on Golden Belt's board.
Prosecutors said Frederick used the money stolen from Sellers Farms for personal expenses and to repay Golden Belt.


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Report: NSA Can Access Most Smartphone Data
German news weekly Der Spiegel reports that the U.S. National Security Agency can access users' data on all major smartphones.
The magazine cites internal documents from the NSA and its British counterpart GCHQ in which the agencies describe setting up dedicated teams to crack protective measures on iPhones, BlackBerry and Android devices.
This data includes contacts, call lists, SMS traffic, notes and location data.
Der Spiegel says the documents don't indicate that the NSA is conducting mass surveillance of phone users but rather that these techniques are used to eavesdrop on specific individuals.
The article published Sunday doesn't say how the magazine obtained the documents. But one of its authors is Laura Poitras, an American filmmaker with close contacts to NSA leaker Edward Snowden.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved)


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Australia, the smallest continent and one of the largest countries on Earth, lying between the Pacific and Indian oceans in the Southern Hemisphere. Australia's capital is Canberra, located in the southeast between the larger and more important economic and cultural centres of Sydney and Melbourne.
The Australian mainland extends from west to east for nearly 2,500 miles (4,000 km) and from Cape York Peninsula in the northeast to Wilsons Promontory in the southeast for nearly 2,000 miles (3,200 km). To the south, Australian jurisdiction extends a further 310 miles (500 km) to the southern extremity of the island of Tasmania, and in the north it extends to the southern shores of Papua New Guinea. Australia is separated from Indonesia to the northwest by the Timor and Arafura seas, from Papua New Guinea to the northeast by the Coral Sea and the Torres Strait, from the Coral Sea Islands Territory by the Great Barrier Reef, from New Zealand to the southeast by the Tasman Sea, and from Antarctica in the far south by the Indian Ocean.
Australia has been called "the Oldest Continent," "the Last of Lands," and "the Last Frontier." Those descriptions typify the world's fascination with Australia, but they are somewhat unsatisfactory. In simple physical terms, the age of much of the continent is certainly impressive—most of the rocks providing the foundation of Australian landforms were formed during Precambrian and Paleozoic time (some 4.6 billion to 252 million years ago)—but the ages of the cores of all the continents are approximately the same. On the other hand, whereas the landscape history of extensive areas in Europe and North America has been profoundly influenced by events and processes that occurred since late in the last Ice Age—roughly the past 25,000 years—in Australia scientists use a more extensive timescale that takes into account the great antiquity of the continent's landscape.
Australia is the last of lands only in the sense that it was the last continent, apart from Antarctica, to be explored by Europeans. At least 60,000 years before European explorers sailed into the South Pacific, the first Aboriginal explorers had arrived from Asia, and by 20,000 years ago they had spread throughout the mainland and its chief island outlier, Tasmania. When Captain Arthur Phillip of the British Royal Navy landed with the First Fleet at Botany Bay in 1788, there may have been between 250,000 and 500,000 Aboriginals, though some estimates are much higher. Largely nomadic hunters and gatherers, the Aboriginals had already transformed the primeval landscape, principally by the use of fire, and, contrary to common European perceptions, they had established robust, semipermanent settlements in well-favoured localities.
The American-style concept of a national "frontier" moving outward along a line of settlement is also inappropriate. There was, rather, a series of comparatively independent expansions from the margins of the various colonies, which were not joined in an independent federated union until 1901. Frontier metaphors were long employed to suggest the existence of yet another extension of Europe and especially of an outpost of Anglo-Celtic culture in the distant "antipodes."
The most striking characteristics of the vast country are its global isolation, its low relief, and the aridity of much of its surface. If, like the English novelist D.H. Lawrence, visitors from the Northern Hemisphere are at first overwhelmed by "the vast, uninhabited land and by the grey charred bush…so phantom-like, so ghostly, with its tall, pale trees and many dead trees, like corpses," they should remember that to Australians the bush—that sparsely populated Inland or Outback beyond the Great Dividing Range of mountains running along the Pacific coast and separating it from the cities in the east—is familiar and evokes nostalgia. It still retains some of the mystical quality it had for the first explorers searching for inland seas and great rivers, and it remains a symbol of Australia's strength and independence; the Outback poem by A.B. ("Banjo") Paterson, "Waltzing Matilda," is the unofficial national anthem of Australia known the world over.
Australia's isolation from other continents explains much of the singularity of its plant and animal life. Its unique flora and fauna include hundreds of kinds of eucalyptus trees and the only egg-laying mammals on Earth, the platypus and echidna. Other plants and animals associated with Australia are various acacias (Acacia pycnantha [golden wattle] is the national flower) and dingoes, kangaroos, koalas, and kookaburras. The Great Barrier Reef, off the east coast of Queensland, is the greatest mass of coral in the world and one of the world's foremost tourist attractions. The country's low relief results from the long and extensive erosive action of the forces of wind, rain, and the heat of the sun during the great periods of geologic time when the continental mass was elevated well above sea level.
Isolation is also a pronounced characteristic of much of the social landscape beyond the large coastal cities. But an equally significant feature of modern Australian society is the representation of a broad spectrum of cultures drawn from many lands, a development stemming from immigration that is transforming the strong Anglo-Celtic orientation of Australian culture. Assimilation, of course, is seldom a quick and easy process, and minority rights, multiculturalism, and race-related issues have played a large part in contemporary Australian politics. In the late 1990s these issues sparked a conservative backlash.
Australia has a federal form of government, with a national government for the Commonwealth of Australia and individual state governments (those of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania). Each state has a constitution, and its government exercises a limited degree of sovereignty. There are also two internal territories: Northern Territory, established as a self-governing territory in 1978, and the Australian Capital Territory (including the city of Canberra), which attained self-governing status in 1988. The federal authorities govern the external territories of Norfolk Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Christmas Island, Ashmore and Cartier islands, the Coral Sea Islands, and Heard Island and McDonald Islands and claim the Australian Antarctic Territory, an area larger than Australia itself. Papua New Guinea, formerly an Australian external territory, gained its independence in 1975.
Historically part of the British Empire and now a member of the Commonwealth, Australia is a relatively prosperous independent country. Australians are in many respects fortunate in that they do not share their continent—which is only a little smaller than the United States—with any other country. Extremely remote from their traditional allies and trading partners—it is some 12,000 miles (19,000 km) from Australia to Great Britain via the Indian Ocean and the Suez Canal and about 7,000 miles (11,000 km) across the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of the United States—Australians have become more interested in the proximity of huge potential markets in Asia and in the highly competitive industrialized economies of China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Australia, the continent and the country, may have been quite isolated at the beginning of the 20th century, but it entered the 21st century a culturally diverse land brimming with confidence, an attitude encouraged by the worldwide fascination with the land "Down Under" and demonstrated when Sydney hosted the 2000 Olympic Games.
Geologic history
The earliest known manifestations of the geologic record of the Australian continent are 4.4-billion-year-old detrital grains of zircon in metasedimentary rocks that were deposited from 3.7 to 3.3 billion years ago. Based on that and other findings, the Precambrian rocks in Australia have been determined to range in age from about 3.7 billion to 541 million years (i.e., to the end of Precambrian time). They are succeeded by rocks of the Paleozoic Era, which extended to about 252 million years ago; of the Mesozoic Era, which lasted until about 66 million years ago; and of the Cenozoic Era, the past 66 million years.
For millions of years Australia was part of the supercontinent of Pangaea and subsequently its southern segment, Gondwanaland (or Gondwana). Its separate existence was finally assured by the severing of the last connection between Tasmania and Antarctica, but it has been drifting toward the Southeast Asian landmass. As a continent, Australia thus encompasses two extremes: on the one hand, it contains the oldest known earth material while, on the other, it has stood as a free continent only since about 35 million years ago and is in the process—in terms of geologic time—of merging with Asia, so that its life span as a continent will be of relatively short duration. (See also geochronology: Geologic history of the Earth.)
General considerations
Tectonic framework
The map of the structural features of Australia and the surrounding region shows the distribution of the main tectonic units. The primary distinction is between the plates of oceanic lithosphere, generated within the past 160 million years by seafloor spreading at the oceanic ridges, and the continental lithosphere, accumulated over the past 4 billion years. (The lithosphere is the outer rock shell of the Earth that consists of the crust and the uppermost portion of the underlying mantle; see plate tectonics.) The largest area of oldest rocks is the Western Shield, comprising the western half of the continent, which has been eroded to a low relief. The youngest rocks are found in the growing fold belt of the Banda arcs and in New Guinea at the boundary between the Indian-Australian plate and the Eurasian and Pacific plates. The modern fold belts are separated from Australia by a "moat" (the Timor Trough) and a wide shelf (the Timor and Arafura seas). The northern half of the Australian margin is completed by the North West Shelf and the Exmouth Plateau on the west and by the Great Barrier Reef and the Queensland Plateau on the east.
Precambrian rocks occupy three tectonic environments. The first is in shields, such as the Yilgarn and Pilbara blocks of the Western Shield, enclosed by later orogenic (mountain) belts. The second is as the basement to a younger cover of Phanerozoic sediment (deposited during the past 541 million years); for example, all the sedimentary basins west of the Tasman Line are underlain by Precambrian basement. The third is as relicts in younger orogenic belts, as in the Georgetown Inlier of northern Queensland and in the western half of Tasmania. Rocks of Paleozoic age occur either in flat-lying sedimentary basins, such as the Canning Basin, or within belts, such as the east–west-trending Amadeus Transverse Zone and north-trending Tasman Fold Belt.
Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks occur in widely distributed (though poorly exposed) basins onshore (the Great Artesian Basin in the eastern centre). Offshore they occur on the western, southern, and eastern margins, including beneath Bass Strait, which separates Australia from Tasmania, and to the north in the submerged ground between the Banda arcs/New Guinea and the mainland.
Chronological summary
The geologic development may be summarized as follows. Archean rocks (those more than 2.5 billion years old) crop out within the two-thirds of Australia that lies west of the Tasman Line. Individual blocks of Archean rocks became embedded in Proterozoic fold belts (those from about 2.5 billion to 541 million years old) to form a mosaic. The lines of weakness within the mosaic later guided stresses that pulled the blocks apart or pushed them together. The Proterozoic fold belts that bounded the western and southern sides of the Archean Yilgarn block, for example, became the sites of the continental margin during seafloor spreading in the Mesozoic, and the fold belts of the Amadeus Transverse Zone in central Australia guided the overthrusting of blocks in the north over those in the south during the late Paleozoic.
Proterozoic Australia was part of the supercontinent of Gondwanaland, comprising India and the other southern continents, from about 750 million years ago. At the beginning of the Paleozoic, some 541 million years ago, pieces began to flake off the Australian portion of Gondwanaland when ocean basins opened around its periphery. Off the northwest, an ancient forebear of the Indian Ocean, called the Tethys, transferred continental terranes (fault-bounded fragments of the crust) from Gondwanaland to Asia; later generations of that ocean rifted material northward, including the biggest and latest terrane of India. Off the east, an ancient Pacific Ocean opened and closed in the first of a series of back-arc basins or marginal seas that persists to the present.
The structure of Australia was determined by the following: the processes that welded the Archean blocks and Proterozoic fold belts into a mosaic; the lithospheric plate processes that acted on that mosaic along lines of weakness to form ocean basins by spreading along the western and southern margins; and the processes that accompanied the convergence of the Pacific Plate, including alternating back-arc spreading and subduction that accreted the eastern third of Australia during the Phanerozoic. Australia ultimately became isolated from its Gondwanaland neighbours India and Antarctica by seafloor spreading. It was isolated from Lord Howe Rise/New Zealand by back-arc spreading that began in the Mesozoic. Today, Australia is drifting northward from Antarctica as a result of seafloor spreading in the southeast Indian Ocean and, consequently, is colliding with the westward-moving Pacific Plate to form the strike-slip ranges of New Guinea and the S-shaped fold of the Banda arcs.
Stratigraphy and structure
The Precambrian
This major period of geologic time can be subdivided into the older Archean and the younger Proterozoic eons, the time boundary between them being some 2.5 billion years ago. In Australia the main outcrop of the Archean and older Proterozoic rocks is in the Yilgarn and Pilbara blocks of the southwest and northwest, respectively.
In the Yilgarn block the oldest known rocks are sialic crust (i.e., composed of rocks rich in silica and alumina) that developed in the Narryer Gneiss Complex between 4.3 and 3.7 billion years ago. The older end of that time span is provided by detrital zircon grains found in younger metasedimentary rock (metamorphosed sedimentary rock) some 3.3 to 3.7 billion years old: as determined by ion microprobe analysis, the grains are 4.2 to 4.3 billion years old. A zircon grain imbedded in 3.75-billion-year-old metamorphosed sediment from Jack Hills in Western Australia was found to be even older, 4.4 billion years, and it is thus the oldest dated material on Earth. The younger end of 3.7 billion years ago is provided by samarium-neodymium (Sm-Nd) isotopic analyses of anorthosite and gabbro and more extensive granitic rocks. Subsequent to such igneous rocks being formed, siliceous sedimentary rocks were deposited during an interval of subdued relief and extensive sheets of vein quartz pebbles were concentrated on the surface.
The oldest rocks in the Pilbara block to the north make up a granite-greenstone terrane and so differ distinctly from those of the Yilgarn block. They are mostly 3.3 to 3.5 billion years old and comprise basic (alkaline) volcanics associated with horizontal tabular igneous bodies known as sills and layered intrusions, as well as acid volcanics associated with granitic plutons (bodies of deep-seated intrusive igneous rock) and sheets. The association of basic and acid rocks suggests the possibility that older sialic crust melted. Chert within basalt 3.5 billion years old at the North Pole mining centre in Western Australia contains stromatolites (layered deposits formed by the growth of cyanobacteria) and filamentous colonial microfossils that are among the oldest known sets of fossils on Earth. Between 3.05 and 2.9 billion years ago, thick acid and basic volcanics and sedimentary rocks were intruded by large granite plutons and deformed and metamorphosed to establish the internal form of the Pilbara block. Between 2.8 and 2.7 billion years ago, the beveled surface of the Pilbara block was blanketed by basaltic lava. Finally, between 2.55 to 2.4 billion years ago, banded-iron formation, dolomite, shale, and minor acid-volcanic rocks were intruded by sills of porphyry. Iron ores of hematite and goethite have been formed by supergene enrichment of banded-iron formation.
The Yilgarn block became an internally coherent mass only after greenstone and associated granitic terrane had developed from 3.0 to 2.5 billion years ago, and it was then intruded by a swarm of vertical tabular bodies called dikes composed of dolerite. Mafic and ultramafic rocks (those composed primarily of ferromagnesian—dark-coloured—minerals) 2.7 billion years old within the granite-greenstone terrane are the chief host of the epigenetic gold deposits of Western Australia. Slightly older (2.8 billion years) volcanic ultramafic rocks contain deposits of nickel sulfide.
The Pilbara and Yilgarn blocks were joined between 2.0 to 1.8 billion years ago along a belt of deformed continental-margin deposits. Later in the Proterozoic, between 1.6 billion and 650 million years ago, mountain belts resulting from the collision of continental terranes were repeatedly worn down and overlain by sedimentary rocks. That view contrasts with another interpretation that regards most of the western part of Australia as intact since Archean times and considers that most later orogenic activity was ensialic.
The development of the late Proterozoic Adelaidean province, the other Precambrian succession to be described here, was within a sialic basement. The Adelaidean succession crops out in the region of South Australia between Adelaide and the Flinders Ranges and contains an almost complete sedimentary record of the late Proterozoic. The early Adelaidean Callanna and Burra groups are confined to troughs faulted down into basement. A sheet of sedimentary deposits at the base of the Callanna group was cut by faults into rift valleys that filled with basic volcanic rocks and evaporitic sediment and carbonate rock. The succeeding Burra group comprises fluvial sediment followed by shallow marine carbonate.
The late Adelaidean Umberatana and Wilpena groups unconformably succeed older rocks. The Umberatana group contains a rich record of two glaciations: the older Sturtian glaciation is indicated by glaciomarine diamictites deposited on a shallow shelf and at the bottom of newly rifted troughs; the younger Marinoan glaciation is represented by diamictites deposited on the basin floor and sandstone on the shelf. The Wilpena group comprises extensive sheets of interbedded sandstone, siltstone, and shale deposited during two marine transgressions, during the second of which deep canyons were cut and filled. The uppermost part of the Wilpena group, in the latest Proterozoic, contains the celebrated Ediacara assemblage of the oldest well-known animal fossils.
The Precambrian rocks of Australia provide a rich source of economically important minerals, such as the above-mentioned major iron ore deposits of the Pilbara block and the gold and nickel deposits of the Yilgarn block. Other minerals include diamonds from the Argyle diatreme (vertical volcanic conduit filled with breccia) in northern Western Australia. Lead and zinc are found at Broken Hill in western New South Wales, and lead, zinc, and copper occur at Mount Isa in northwestern Queensland and at Olympic Dam in South Australia.
The Paleozoic Era
Phanerozoic Australia is divided at the Tasman Line into two parts. Those are a western terrane of exposed Precambrian blocks and fold belts overlain by thin Phanerozoic basins and an eastern terrane of exposed Phanerozoic fold belts and basins.
Principal regimes
During Phanerozoic times, Australia has been marked by three regimes: Uluru (541 to 320 million years ago), Innamincka (320 to 97 million years ago), and Potoroo (the past 97 million years). Each regime, a complex of uniform plate-tectonic and paleoclimatic events at a similar or slowly changing latitude, generated a depositional sequence of distinct facies separated by gaps in deposition.
The Paleozoic Era (about 541 to 252 million years ago) opened in Australia with the breakup of the Precambrian continent along the Tasman Line and the initial generation of the floor of the Paleo Pacific Ocean by seafloor spreading. In the Adelaide area, wedges of deepwater quartzose sediment advanced over the newly formed seafloor. On the northwestern side of Australia, widespread basalt erupted over the Precambrian platform, possibly during the initial generation of the Paleo Tethyan Sea, and was succeeded by deposition of shallow marine limestone with abundant fossil trilobites and archeocyathids. The initial Paleo Pacific marginal seafloor was subducted—i.e., forced under the edge of a converging plate into the hot mantle—at the end of the Cambrian Period (485 million years ago); concomitant deformation and granitic intrusion of the overlying deepwater sediments and those of the adjacent Adelaidean region formed the Delamerian fold belt. A similar cycle of marginal sea generation and subsequent Mariana-type subduction (within oceanic lithosphere) accreted a second fold belt to eastern Australia during the Ordovician Period (about 485 to 444 million years ago). That was followed by an interval of block faulting and widespread granitic intrusion in eastern Australia that produced a landscape similar to the present Basin and Range Province of the western United States; by the late Devonian Period (about 385 million years ago) the first of a series of magmatic orogenic arcs had become established by Chilean-type subduction (of oceanic lithosphere beneath continental lithosphere) on the eastern margin, and a thick succession of mainly sandstone and shale accumulated in the moatlike foreland basin between the mountain belt and the craton—the flat and relatively stable interior portion of the continent. At the same time, local uplifts in central Australia shed gravels into the Amadeus Basin. By the mid-Carboniferous Period (320 million years ago), central Australia was deformed by folding and thrusting along east-west axes, and eastern Australia was deformed by folding along north-south axes and a subsequent granitoid intrusion that consolidated the Lachlan and Thomson fold belts in an epoch of deformation that concluded the Uluru regime.
Australia had moved to higher latitudes so that the alpine uplands that followed the deformation were covered by the nucleus of a continental ice sheet. Only the highest peaks stood prominently above the surface of the ice in the form of nunataks, and the little sediment available was carried off the continent in ice streams. The melting of the ice sheet early in the Permian Period (i.e., about 290 million years ago) released the sediment into the newly subsiding basins of the Innamincka regime. Much of interior Australia was covered by broad basins. The eastern margin between the New England Fold Belt and the craton became a second foreland basin in which the rich seams of black coal in the Bowen Basin of Queensland and the Sydney Basin of New South Wales were deposited during the final 10 million years of the Paleozoic Era. Other economic resources in Paleozoic rocks are the reef gold in Victoria that triggered the first mining boom, lead and zinc at Cobar and Woodlawn in New South Wales, and natural gas in Permian sandstone in the Cooper Basin of South Australia.
Terranes of the Tasman Fold Belt
The various parts of the Tasman Fold Belt are separated from each other by faults or have boundaries covered by sediment. Geologists have reviewed the Paleozoic development of the Tasman Fold Belt in light of the observation that the component terranes of many other circum-Pacific fold belts are displaced to a greater or lesser extent from their place of origin. In the Tasman Fold Belt, uncertainty remains about the exact paleotectonic and paleogeographic settings and relationships of the identified terranes and the craton and between the terranes themselves during most of Paleozoic time. Much effort is being applied to paleomagnetic determinations of elevation levels at the time and to studies of the provenance and facies of sedimentary successions within the terranes in an attempt to ascertain their original locations.
The Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras
The coal measures of the Permian gave way to barren red beds in the early part of the Triassic Period (about 252 to 247 million years ago). By 230 million years ago the foreland basin of eastern Australia had been overthrusted by the mountain belt, and a second epoch of black-coal formation opened in eastern Australia (southeastern Queensland and Tasmania) and in South Australia (Leigh Creek). Another foreland basin became established behind the magmatic arc along the eastern margin, and a set of basins, including the Great Artesian Basin, subsided over the east-central part of Australia. Thick sand was deposited over the area of rifting that became the western and northwestern margins of Australia as Gondwanaland was breaking up and seafloor spreading was beginning in the northwest during the Late Jurassic (about 164 to 145 million years ago) and in the west during the Early Cretaceous (about 145 to 100 million years ago). Subsequent burial of the sand by sediment of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic age (about 66 million years old or younger) generated the giant natural gas field at Rankin on the North West Shelf. Rifting between Australia and Antarctica started in the Late Jurassic and culminated with the separation of the continents and the beginning of (very slow) seafloor spreading in the Late Cretaceous (about 100 to 66 million years ago). The other momentous event at that time took place in eastern Australia. The shallow sea that had covered nearly half of Australia during the Early Cretaceous retreated when the long-enduring Chilean-type subduction off eastern Australia was replaced by Mariana-type subduction and back-arc spreading in the Southwest Pacific Ocean that carried New Zealand and the submarine Lord Howe Rise away from Australia.
All those events marked the change from the Innamincka Regime to the Potoroo Regime and the inception of modern Australia, with its oceanic margins on all sides and uplands on the eastern margin dividing the continental drainage into short coastal rivers to the east and the long ancestral Murray and Darling rivers to the southwest. Gold-bearing sand in rivers within the highlands was covered from time to time during the Cenozoic by flows of basalt lava. Other river sands deposited in the Paleocene and Eocene epochs (66 to 34 million years ago) at the foot of the ancestral Eastern Highlands of Victoria were later shaped into broad folds to become the reservoirs of the giant oil and gas fields in the offshore Gippsland Basin. Australia continued moving away from Antarctica owing to seafloor spreading of the southeast Indian Ocean. By the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch (about 34 million years ago) the ocean was wide enough to allow the unimpeded flow of the Circum-Antarctic Current, which led to the glaciation of Antarctica by insulating it from the rest of the world ocean.
Australia meanwhile had drifted to lower latitudes, and the northern half of the Australian margin, including the southern part of New Guinea, became covered in warm-water carbonate sediment, though it was not until sometime in the Quaternary Period (the past 2.6 million years) that the Great Barrier Reef off the Queensland coast began to grow. In its northern progress over the Pacific Plate since about 25 million years ago, the leading edge of Australia picked up slivers of the continental and oceanic terranes that now form the northern half of New Guinea. Within the past few million years, Australia has collided in Timor with the Banda arcs. As Australia continues to move northward, it will ultimately join Eurasia by colliding with continental Southeast Asia, as did India, its former neighbour in Gondwanaland, some 50 million years ago.
The Quaternary Period
The Pleistocene Epoch occupies most of the Quaternary Period, with the exception of the past 11,700 years (i.e., the Holocene Epoch). The northern leading edges of the continental plate in New Guinea and Timor rise to peaks of 2 miles (3 km) or more and are separated from mainland Australia by the flooded continental area of the Arafura and Timor seas. On the mainland, the Central-Eastern Lowlands extend from the Gulf of Carpentaria through Lake Eyre, some 50 feet (15 metres) below sea level, to the Spencer and St. Vincent gulfs near Adelaide. The Lowlands are bounded on the west by the Great Western Plateau—great in extent but not height: the highest point (in the Pilbara) is 4,105 feet (1,251 metres)—and on the east by the Eastern Highlands, whose highest point (at Mount Kosciuszko) is 7,310 feet (2,228 metres). Inside a coastal region in the north, east, and southwest that is about 620 miles (1,000 km) wide, the arid interior lacks coherent drainage, and much of it consists of dune fields and sand plains covered by sparse vegetation in what is now the hottest and (after Antarctica) the driest continent. In the southeast, Tasmania represents the southernmost part of the Eastern Highlands beyond the flooded Bass Strait.
The Holocene is the latest of several interglacial phases within the Quaternary ice age. During the peak of the latest glacial phase, 18,000 years ago, the global sea level was some 300 feet (90 metres) lower than it is today, and New Guinea and Tasmania were joined by dry land to the mainland. The arid zone was even wider than it is at present: summers were dry, hot, and windy; sand was moved about in dunes and sheets; and dust was blown out to sea. Ice built up in Tasmania and the Mount Kosciuszko region. Giant forebears of the Holocene marsupial animals became extinct, but humans survived as they had for the previous 20,000 years.
Economic resources
Major economic resources generated during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic include the oil and natural gas of the North West Shelf and offshore Gippsland; the brown coal of onshore Gippsland; the oil shale of Queensland; the black coal of Queensland, Tasmania, and South Australia; the bauxite of northern Australia; and, particularly valuable in arid Australia, extensive groundwater reservoirs, notably those of the Great Artesian Basin.
The modern geologic framework
The surface of Australia reflects the longevity of its landforms. The Eastern Highlands, strictly speaking a low plateau, rose 90 million years ago, probably as a result of the breakup of Lord Howe Rise/New Zealand. Parts of the Great Western Plateau rose even earlier in the Paleozoic. Individual monoliths on the plateau, such as those found in the Olgas and Uluru/Ayers Rock (Aboriginal name: Uluru), date from at least 60 million years ago. As a result of low exposure and slow erosion, the bedrock of the interior is deeply weathered with crusts of ironstone and silica that originated earlier in the Cenozoic when conditions differed from those of today. In areas with sufficient groundwater, the hard conditions imposed by soil and climate have been turned to advantage in the production of fine wool. The riverine plains of southeastern Australia, inherited from former sea and lake basins, have been made fertile by carefully managed irrigation. The only young landscapes are in the Holocene volcanic areas of Victoria and northern Queensland.
Pangaean supercycle
The Phanerozoic development of Australia (and the rest of the Earth) was overshadowed by the changing configuration of the continents. The enormous continental blocks amalgamated into a supercontinent—the so-called Proto-Pangaea—by the end of the Precambrian and then split apart in the early Paleozoic. The landmasses reassembled to form Pangaea between the late Carboniferous (about 315 million years ago) and the Late Jurassic (150 million years ago), after which they began (and have continued) to disperse again. Attending the clustering of the continents in Pangaea were the tectonic effect of reduced turnover of mantle material and the environmental effects of low global sea level, a low concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and, through the correspondingly weak greenhouse effect, low retention of heat from the Sun. As a result, Pangaea was prone to glaciation, exemplified by the global glaciations near the end of the Proterozoic (in Australia, the Marinoan glaciation) and Permian (the deposits at the onset of the Innamincka Regime).
The reverse effects are known to occur during the alternate configuration of dispersed continents: the plate-tectonic "motor" turns faster, new rift oceans drive the continental fragments apart, sea level is high and the continents flooded, and a high concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide vented from the mantle retains radiant heat from the Sun. The result is that the continents are prone to be covered by the sea (Australia was flooded during the Cambrian and Ordovician between Proto-Pangaea and Pangaea, and after Pangaea in the Cretaceous) and tend to be warm (even though Australia was located at high latitudes in the Mesozoic, there is no evidence of permanent ice having existed on the continent at that time). It is the Pangaea factor that explains the association of tectonic and environmental effects that characterize the tectonic-climatic regimes of Phanerozoic Australia. Accordingly, the Uluru sequence in the interior is dominated by warm marine carbonate deposits, the Innamincka sequence by nonmarine (including glacial) deposits, and the Potoroo sequence by marine deposits confined almost wholly to the margins.John J. Veevers
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