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Germanic languages, branch of the Indo-European language family. Scholars often divide the Germanic languages into three groups: West Germanic, including English, German, and Netherlandic (Dutch); North Germanic, including Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Faroese; and East Germanic, now extinct, comprising only Gothic and the languages of the Vandals, Burgundians, and a few other tribes.
In numbers of native speakers, English, with 450 million, clearly ranks third among the languages of the world (after Mandarin and Spanish); German, with some 98 million, probably ranks 10th (after Hindi, Bengali, Arabic, Portuguese, Russian, and Japanese). To these figures may be added those for persons with another native language who have learned one of the Germanic languages for commercial, scientific, literary, or other purposes. English is unquestionably the world's most widely used second language.
The earliest historical evidence for Germanic is provided by isolated words and names recorded by Latin authors beginning in the 1st century bce. From approximately 200 ce there are inscriptions carved in the 24-letter runic alphabet. The earliest extensive Germanic text is the (incomplete) Gothic Bible, translated about 350 ce by the Visigothic bishop Ulfilas (Wulfila) and written in a 27-letter alphabet of the translator's own design. Later versions of the runic alphabet were used sparingly in England and Germany but more widely in Scandinavia—in the latter area down to early modern times. All extensive later Germanic texts, however, use adaptations of the Latin alphabet.
See table for the names and approximate dates of the earliest recorded Germanic languages.
|approximate dates CE
|*Standard cutoff date for beginnings of modern Germanic languages.
|early runic
|Old English (Anglo-Saxon)
|Old High German
|Old Saxon (Old Low German)
|Old Norwegian
|Old Icelandic
|Middle Netherlandic
|Old Danish
|Old Swedish
|Old Frisian
The Germanic languages are related in the sense that they can be shown to be different historical developments of a single earlier parent language. Although for some language families there are written records of the parent language (e.g., for the Romance languages, which are variant developments of Latin), in the case of Germanic no written records of the parent language exist. Much of its structure, however, can be deduced by the comparative method of reconstruction (a reconstructed language is called a protolanguage; reconstructed forms are marked with an asterisk). For example, a comparison of Runic -gastiz, Gothic gasts, Old Norse gestr, Old English giest, Old Frisian iest, and Old Saxon and Old High German gast 'guest' leads to the reconstruction of Proto-Germanic *ǥastiz. Similarly, a comparison of Runic horna, Gothic haurn, and Old Norse, Old English, Old Frisian, Old Saxon, and Old High German horn 'horn' leads scholars to reconstruct the Proto-Germanic form *hornan.
Such reconstructions are, in part, merely formulas of relationship. Thus, the Proto-Germanic *o of *hornan in this position yielded au in Gothic and o in the other languages. In other positions (e.g., when followed by a nasal sound plus a consonant) *o yielded u in all the languages: Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, Gothic dumbs, Old Norse dumbr, Old English, Old Frisian, and Old Saxon dumb, Old High German tumb 'dumb.' What may be deduced is that this vowel sounded more like u in some environments, but like o in others; it may be written as *u∼o, with the tilde indicating that it varied between these two pronunciations.
The above example shows that such reconstructions are more than mere formulas of relationship; they also give some indication of how Proto-Germanic actually sounded. Occasionally scholars are fortunate enough to find external confirmation of these deductions. For example, on the basis of Old English cyning, Old Saxon and Old High German kuning 'king,' the Proto-Germanic *kuningaz can be reconstructed; this would seem to be confirmed by Finnish kuningas 'king,' which must have been borrowed from Germanic at a very early date.
By pushing the comparative method still farther back, it can be shown that Germanic is related to a number of other languages, notably Celtic, Italic, Greek, Baltic, Slavic, Iranian, and Indo-Aryan (Indic). All these language groups are subsequent developments of a still earlier parent language for which there are, again, no written records but which can be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European (see Indo-European languages).
Linguistic characteristics of the protolanguage
The special characteristics of the Germanic languages that distinguish them from other Indo-European languages result from numerous phonological and grammatical changes.
Proto-Indo-European had 12 stop consonants: *p, *t, *k, *kw; *b, *d, *g, *gw; *bh, *dh, *gh, and *gwh; and one sibilant, *s. (Stops are produced with momentary complete stoppage of the breath stream at some point in the vocal tract.) By a change known as the Germanic consonant shift (or Grimm's law), the 12 stops changed in Germanic to voiceless fricatives, voiceless stops, and voiced fricatives (see table). A few examples: (1) Proto-Indo-European *p, *t, *k, and *kw, as in Latin piscis, tenuis, centum, and quod, became Proto-Germanic *f, *þ, *x, and *xw, as in English fish, thin, hund(red), and what. Proto-Germanic *x and *xw early became *h and *hw in some positions, giving the alternations of *h∼x and *hw∼xw. (2) Proto-Indo-European *d and *g, as in Latin decem and genus, became Proto-Germanic *t and *k, as in English ten and kin. (3) Proto-Indo-European *bh, *dh, and *gh, as in Sanskrit bhū-, dhā-, and (g)hā-, became Proto-Germanic *ƀ, *ð, and *ǥ, which later changed to the stops b, d, and g in some positions (e.g., English be, do, and go), yielding *b∼ƀ, *d∼ð, and *g∼ǥ. Proto-Indo-European *s, as in Latin sedeō, was unchanged; Proto-Germanic kept *s, as in English sit.
In addition to these general changes, there were two special ones. (1) Proto-Indo-European *p, *t, and *k remained voiceless stops when preceded by *s or another stop; thus, Proto-Indo-European *sp, *st, *sk, *pt, and *kt yielded Proto-Germanic *sp, *st, *sk, *ft, and *xt, respectively. For example, Proto-Indo-European *sp and *st, as in Latin spuō and hostis, remained *sp and *st in Proto-Germanic, as in English spew and guest; Proto-Indo-European *pt and *kt, as in Latin captus and octō, became Proto-Germanic *ft and *xt, respectively, in Old English hæft 'captured' and eahta 'eight.' (By still another change, Proto-Indo-European *tt yielded Proto-Germanic *ss—e.g., Sanskrit sattá-, Old English sess 'seat.') (2) By a change known as Verner's law early Germanic voiceless *f, *þ, *x, *xw, and *s (from Proto-Indo-European *p, *t, *k, *kw, and *s) were voiced to *ƀ, *ð, *ǥ, *ǥw, and *z, respectively, when they followed an unaccented syllable, and the first four of these thereby merged with the already existing *ƀ, *ð, *ǥ, and *ǥw (from Proto-Indo-European *bh, *dh, *gh, and *gwh). Thus, Proto-Indo-European *bhrātēr became Proto-Germanic *brōþēr (with þ after an accented syllable) and Old English brōþor 'brother'; but by Verner's law Proto-Indo-European *mātēr became Proto-Germanic *mōðēr (with ð after an unaccented syllable) and Old English mōdor 'mother.' (Proto-Germanic *ð yielded Old English d; the th of modern English mother is the result of a subsequent change.)
These changes yielded the following Proto-Germanic system of consonants: voiceless stops and fricatives, *p, *f, *t, *þ, *k, *h∼x, *kw, *hw∼xw; voiced stops and fricatives, *b∼ƀ, *d∼ð, *g∼ǥ, (*gw∼ǥw); sibilants, *s, *z; nasals, *m, *n; liquids, *l, *r; and semivowels, *w, *j (y). The sound alternation of *gw∼ǥw is parenthesized because it early became either *g∼ǥ or *w. The sounds *kw and *hw∼xw occurred as such more or less clearly only in Gothic; elsewhere they became the sequences *kw and *hw∼xw, or the labial element w was lost. All remaining consonants except z occurred between vowels both singly and doubly (e.g., -p- and -pp-, -t- and -tt-).
In addition to the above consonants (12 stops and the sibilant s), Proto-Indo-European also had vowels and resonants. The vowel of any given root was not necessarily fixed but varied in an alternation called ablaut. Thus, the root that means 'sit' was alternately *sed-, *sod-, *sd-, *sēẖ-, and *sōd- (English sit is from *sed-, sat from *sod-, and seat from *sēd-); and the root that means do was *dhē-, *dhō-, and *dhə- (English deed is from *dhē-, and do is from *dhō-). Other Proto-Indo-European vowels were *a, *ā, *ī, and *ū. The Proto-Indo-European resonants, which functioned as vowels in some positions and as consonants in others, were *i, *u, *m, *n, *l, and *r. Thus, *bhṛtó- (Sanskrit bhṛtá- 'borne') had syllabic *ṛ (i.e., ṛ functioning as a vowel), but *bhéreti (Sanskrit bhárati 'he bears') had nonsyllabic *r (i.e., r functioning as a consonant).
This Proto-Indo-European system of vowels contrasting with resonants was reshaped in Germanic by a number of changes. Syllabic *i, *u, *ṃ, *ṇ, *ḷ, and *ṛ became in Proto-Germanic the vowels *i and *u and the sequences *um, *un, *ul, and *ur, respectively; nonsyllabic *m, *n, *l, and *r developed into the nasals and liquids *m, *n, *l, and *r, respectively; nonsyllabic *i and *u before vowels resulted in the semivowels *j (also symbolized as *y) and *w, though after vowels they continued to form diphthongs (*ei, *ai, *oi; *eu, *au, *ou). The Proto-Indo-European vowels and diphthongs then changed into Proto-Germanic sounds as follows:
In this diagram the lines between two sounds indicate that the Proto-Indo-European sound developed into the corresponding Proto-Germanic sound; for example, Proto-Indo-European *i became either *i or *e, and Proto-Indo-European *ə, *a, and *o coalesced in Proto-Germanic as *a. These changes gave the following vowels for Proto-Germanic: short vowels, *i, *e, *a, *u∼o; long vowels, *ī, *ē2, *ē1, *ū, *ō; diphthongs, *ai, *au, *iu∼eo. The origins of the vowel *ē2 are disputed, but it probably first arose from the diphthong ei in certain environments; *ē2 and *ē1 were high and low midvowels, respectively. In Gothic the two ē's merged, while elsewhere they remained distinct; thus, with *ē2, Old High German hiar and Old Saxon, Old Norse, and Old English hēr 'here' but with *ē1, Old High German tāt, Old Saxon dād, Old Norse dāð, and Old English dæd 'deed.' Proto-Germanic also had three nasalized vowels: long *ĩ, *ã, and *ũ, which arose when, in the sequences *inx, *anx, and *unx, the n was lost with nasalization and lengthening of the preceding vowel.
Proto-Indo-European had a variable pitch accent that could fall on any syllable of a word, but in late Proto-Germanic, two changes occurred: first, the quality of the accent changed, such that articulatory energy was increasingly focused on the accented syllable; second, the position of the accent was regularized on the initial (root) syllable. These changes had far-reaching effects on the subsequent development of Germanic, for nonaccented syllables became subject to reduction and even total loss; thus, Proto-Germanic *kuningaz but German König, Danish konge, English king. Reduction of unstressed vowels was often associated with the mutation or "umlaut" of preceding accented vowels. In some instances grammatical information that had been carried by suffixes came instead to be marked by alternations of root vowels—e.g., *fōt/*fōti but English foot/feet, German Fuss/Füsse.
Proto-Germanic kept the Proto-Indo-European system of three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and three numbers (singular, dual, plural), though the dual was becoming obsolete. It reduced the Proto-Indo-European system of eight cases to six: nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, instrumental, and vocative, though the last two were becoming obsolete. In the adjective declensions there were two innovations: (1) To the Proto-Indo-European vowel types (*o-, *ā-, *i-, and *u- stems) it added some pronominal endings to give the Germanic "strong" adjective declension. (2) It extended the Proto-Indo-European *n- stem endings to all adjectives to give the Germanic "weak" adjective declension. Contrast, in modern German, strong gutes Bier 'good beer' with weak das gute Bier 'the good beer.'
The Proto-Indo-European verb seems to have had five moods (indicative, imperative, subjunctive, injunctive, and optative), two voices (active and mediopassive), three persons (first, second, and third), three numbers (singular, dual, and plural), and several verbal nouns (infinitives) and adjectives (participles). In Germanic these were reduced to indicative, imperative, and subjunctive moods; a full active voice plus passive found only in Gothic; three persons; full singular and plural forms and dual forms found only in Gothic; and one infinitive (present) and two participles (present and past). The Proto-Indo-European tense-aspect system (present, imperfect, aorist, perfect) was reshaped to a single tense contrast between present and past. The past showed two innovations: (1) In the "strong" verb, Germanic transformed Proto-Indo-European ablaut into a specific tense marker (e.g., Proto-Indo-European *bher-, *bhor-, *bhēr-, *bhṛ- in Old English beran 'bear,' past singular bær, past plural bæron, past participle boren). (2) In the "weak" verb, Germanic developed a new type of past and past participle (e.g., Old English fyllan 'fill,' past fylde, participle gefylled). Weak verbs fell into three classes depending on the syllable following the root (e.g., Old High German full-e-n [from *full-ja-n] 'fill,' mahh-ō-n 'make,' sag-ē-n 'say'). Gothic also had a fourth class: full-nō-da 'it became full.'
Many Proto-Germanic strong verbs showed a consonant alternation between *f and *ƀ, *þ and *ð, *x and *ǥ, and *s and *z that was the result, through Verner's law, of the alternating position of the Proto-Indo-European accent. See table for illustration of changes resulting from Verner's law. In this particular word, English has generalized the *s (now z): 'freeze,' 'froze,' 'frozen.' German has generalized the *z (now r): frieren, fror, gefroren. And Netherlandic still shows the alternation: vriezen, vroor, gevroren. English has kept the alternation in only one verb: singular was, plural were. Traces of it still survive, however, in a few now isolated forms: seethe (Proto-Germanic *þ) and its old past participle sodden (Proto-Germanic *ð); lose (Proto-Germanic *s) and its old past participle (for)lorn (Proto-Germanic *z).
The emergence of Germanic languages
Like every language spoken over a considerable geographic area, Proto-Germanic presumably consisted of a number of geographic varieties or dialects that over time developed in different ways into the different early and modern Germanic languages. Late-19th-century scholars used a family tree diagram to show this splitting into dialects and the relationships among the dialects:
Though there is much truth in such a diagram, it overemphasizes the notion of "splits" into separate "branches" and obscures the fact that the transition from one dialect to another may be gradual rather than abrupt.
Mid-20th-century scholars, using the findings of archaeology and the methods of geographic linguistics, attempted to correct the distortions of this family-tree model by noting also the linguistic features shared by two or more dialect areas. Archaeological evidence suggests that about 750 bce a relatively uniform Germanic people was located in southern Scandinavia and along the North Sea and Baltic coasts from what is now the Netherlands to the Vistula River. By roughly 250 bce they had spread south, and five general groups are distinguishable: North Germanic in southern Scandinavia, excluding Jutland; North Sea Germanic, along the North Sea and in Jutland; Rhine-Weser Germanic, along the middle Rhine and Weser; Elbe Germanic, along the middle Elbe; and East Germanic, between the middle Oder and the Vistula rivers.
By roughly 250 bce the division was much the same, though the Elbe group had spread southward to the Danube River, and the East Germanic group had moved southeast into the Carpathian Mountains and beyond. Then, toward the end of the 4th century, began the great Germanic tribal migrations. North Sea Germanic speakers spread south along the coast of the Low Countries and began their conquest of Britain; North Germanic speakers moved into Jutland; the Rhine-Weser group (Franks) expanded farther into Gallo-Roman territory west of the Rhine; the Elbe group (Alemanni, Bavarians, and Langobardi [Lombards]) spread farther south to the Alps and beyond; and several East Germanic groups left the Oder-Vistula area to begin their wanderings.
This five-way division of Germanic peoples is based on archaeological evidence, and, while it agrees to some extent with deductions that can be made from the early linguistic evidence, the correspondence between archaeological and linguistic groupings is not completely straightforward.
The first major linguistic division that developed in Germanic was between East Germanic and Northwest Germanic. It can be dated roughly to the 1st–3rd centuries ce. Northwest Germanic is attested in the early runic inscriptions (c. 200–500 ce) from Scandinavia and northern Germany and encompassed all the Germanic territory from Scandinavia southward across much of Germany and the Low Countries. Spoken over such a relatively large area, Northwest Germanic had at least minor dialectal distinctions from the start, but several linguistic innovations spread throughout.
The fragmentation of Northwest Germanic can be dated roughly to the period of the 3rd–6th centuries with the development of three major dialect divisions: in Scandinavia, North Germanic; in Jutland and the northwest of Germany, North Sea Germanic; and in central Germany, South Germanic. A number of linguistic developments from this period are shared by North Sea Germanic and South Germanic (but not by North Germanic), and the term West Germanic is used in recognition of the strong affinities between these two groups. During this same period, however, North Sea Germanic and North Germanic also sometimes follow similar lines with regard to phonological developments in contrast with South Germanic. The three-way division is then based in part on the differing participation of North Sea Germanic in shared developments with either North or South Germanic and in part on developments that were peculiar to each of the three dialects. North Sea Germanic was at once a transitional dialect and a centre of innovation within the larger Northwest Germanic dialect continuum.
In a position analogous to that of North Sea Germanic within Northwest Germanic, there surely existed transitional dialects between North Sea and South Germanic within West Germanic; the Old Saxon language may well reflect such a dialect, given that it shows a mixture of features agreeing with North Sea Germanic, as in English and Frisian, and with South Germanic, as in Old High German. The dialectal position of Netherlandic is complicated, and it is discussed further below.
Some linguistic features associated with these dialect divisions are the following:
1. Northwest Germanic versus East Germanic: In Northwest Germanic, the reduplicated forms found in the past tense of certain strong verbs were eliminated and instead new ablaut alternations were employed (often involving the vowel ē2), while, in East Germanic (Gothic), reduplicated forms were maintained—e.g., Old Norse, Old English, Old Saxon hēt, Old High German hiez versus Gothic haihait 'was called.'
2. In East Germanic, Proto-Germanic *z was maintained as z (or s in final position), but, in Northwest Germanic, *z generally became r—e.g., Proto-Germanic *maiz- 'more,' Gothic maiza but Old Norse meire, Old English māra, Old High German mēro. Within Northwest Germanic, however, treatment of *z in final position varied dialectally: (a) in North Germanic, it was maintained and appears as r; (b) in West Germanic (i.e., North Sea and South Germanic), *z was generally lost in final position in polysyllabic words; (c) in North Sea Germanic, *z was also lost in final position in monosyllabic words; for example, Proto-Germanic *dagaz 'day,' Gothic dags, Old Norse dagr, Old High German tag, Old Saxon dag, Old English dæg; Proto-Germanic *wīz or *wĭz 'we,' Gothic weis, Old Norse vēr, Old High German wir, Old Saxon wī, Old English wē.
3. Associated with the West Germanic grouping are: (a) the change of *ð to d in all positions—e.g., Proto-Germanic *blōð- 'blood,' Old Norse blōð- but Old English and Old Saxon blōd, Old High German bluot; (b) the replacement of the inherited second person singular past tense forms of strong verbs—e.g., Proto-Germanic *namt 'you took,' Old Norse namt but Old English nōme, Old Saxon and Old High German nāmi.
4. Some changes were shared across major dialects but carried out to markedly differing degrees or at different times. For example, in West Germanic all consonants (except r) preceded by a short vowel and followed by j were geminated (doubled), but in North Germanic only velars (k, g) were affected: compare Proto-Germanic *satjanan 'set,' Gothic satjan, Old Norse setja but Old English settan, Old Saxon settian, Old High German setzen; Proto-Germanic *laǥjanan 'lay,' Gothic lagjan but Old Norse leggja, Old English lecgan, Old Saxon leggian, Old High German lecken. Similarly, the loss of nasals in the cluster nx with lengthening and nasalization of a preceding short vowel occurred in Proto-Germanic; in North Germanic this change also occurred in sequences of a short vowel plus ns (compare Old Norse oss 'us,' Old High German uns) and in North Sea Germanic when the nasal was followed by any voiceless fricative (mf, nþ, ns; compare English below). In addition, fronting of nonfront vowels under the influence of following i or j in unaccented syllables, "i-umlaut," developed earlier (6th–7th centuries) and more consistently in North Sea Germanic and North Germanic than in South Germanic (8th–9th centuries).
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
Indo-European languages: GermanicIn the middle of the 1st millennium
bce, Germanic tribes lived in southern Scandinavia and northern Germany. Their expansions and migrations from the 2nd century bceonward are largely recorded in history. The oldest Germanic language of which much is known is the Gothic…
United Kingdom: Languages…Indo-European is through the ancient Germanic language group, two branches of which, the North Germanic and the West Germanic, were destined to make contributions to the English language. Modern English is derived mainly from the Germanic dialects spoken by the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes (who all arrived in Britain in…
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Europe: Romance, Germanic, and Slavic languagesThe Germanic languages are found in central, northern, and northwestern Europe. They are derived from a common tribal language that originated in southern Scandinavia, and they include German, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, and Icelandic, as well as the minor Germanic tongue of Frisian…
Romance languages: Latin in non-Romance languagesIn the Germanic languages, borrowed Latin words principally involve trade and often reflect archaic forms. The very large number of Latin words in Albanian form part of the basic vocabulary of the language (including kinship terms) and cover such spheres as religion, although some of them may…
More About Germanic languages11 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- classification
- development of English language
- European distribution
- Grimm's grammar
- Latin loanwords
- loanwords for Romance languages
- runic script
- verb forms
- alliterative verse


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George Zimmerman, the 28-year-old neighborhood watchman who shot and killed, Trayvon Martin, just appeared in Florida court for the first time.
Zimmerman was charged with second-degree murder yesterday by state-appointed special prosecutor Angela Corey. Corey also appeared in court, as did Zimmerman's new legal counsel, Orlando attorney Mark O'Mara.
The appearance was brief and pretty uneventful. Zimmerman spoke only once, responding "yes, sir," when the judge asked him to confirm that he accepted O'Mara as his representation.
After Zimmerman exited the court, the judge granted O'Mara's request to temporarily seal the documents Zimmerman's court file, including witness statements for the prosecution.
An arraignment was set for May 29 at 1:30 p.m. The judge did not take up the issue of bail, so Zimmerman will remain in jail, at least until the arraignment.

subset: commoncrawl


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The narrator is expecting the slick to get caught up in the loop current, which feeds into the Gulf Stream, which runs up the East Coast of the US. Says he:
It's not looking good for the whole Gulf and for the East Coast, really... All these arrows are pushing it toward the loop current and once that happens, well, all bets are off... I hope that the people on the east coast are getting prepared for this, and Florida 'cause it looks like it's gonna come your way. It looks like it's not just a Gulf Coast deal.At the end he gives two pieces of advice: to say our prayers, and to keep the pressure on BP to "spend every dime they have" on the clean-up. I humbly encourage my readers to put more energy into the latter.


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If Paula Deen opened a bartending school in the French mountains, the result might be something like this: Hot Buttered Chartreuse. Decadent? Yes. Worth it? Absolutely.
A few years ago my friend Lance Mayhew introduced me to Hot Buttered Rum, which is exactly what it sounds like. Take rum, add butter, sugar, and spices, mix it with hot water, and you have Hot Buttered Rum. Butter is not a typical cocktail ingredient but don't be put off by it. Melting butter into a steaming hot drink makes it rich and delicious.
There are countless recipes for Hot Buttered Rum batter and you can buy it pre-mixed in stores, but it's so easy to make at home that there is no reason to do that. Lance's "World's Best Hot Buttered Rum Recipe" lives up to the name and I've enjoyed it every year since moving to Portland. Go over to Lance's site and make a batch.
Lance has made Hot Buttered Rum a Thanksgiving tradition for me, so last weekend I whipped some up at work. A few lines of advice from Lance's post stood out to me:
– Use a quality rum. I like one with some age on it. I'll be using Bacardi 8 this Thanksgiving, I don't think there is a better rum for a Hot Buttered Rum.
– Use cheap rum. Cheap rum is going to taste even cheaper when you warm it up. You can't hide poor quality ingredients in this drink.
If it's important to use good spirits, why not go all out and use one of the best spirits in the world? Why not use Chartreuse? Though I've mixed Chartreuse in hot chocolate many times, I had no idea if this would be a hot mess or a mug of pure awesomeness. The concept was so tantalizing — Hot. Buttered. Chartreuse. — that I needed to try it out. And after a long shift, I did. Happily, the drink is every bit as good as it sounds.
Making Hot Buttered Chartreuse is simple. All you need is:
1 1/2 oz Chartreuse (green)
1 big dollop Hot Buttered Rum batter, to taste
hot water
Add the batter and some of the hot water to a mug, stirring to dissolve. Then add the Chartreuse and top off with more hot water, giving everything one final stir to combine.
Now, about that dollop. This is no time for moderation. You left moderation behind the moment you decided to drink butter and Chartreuse. Compensate later if you have to, but get the most of out of this experience and don't hold back on the batter.
About the mug: Be sure to pre-heat it. The mug, the batter, and the spirit are going to lower the temperature of the water. The drink is Hot Buttered Chartreuse, not Tepid Buttered Chartreuse. A mug pre-heated with hot water will keep your drink warmer longer.
Sharing a couple mugs of this with someone you care about it is a great way to warm up on a cold winter night.


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Apple didn't break any big news at its shareholder meeting yesterday, but a couple of statements by the company's CEO, Tim Cook, stood out.
The first was Cook's comment that Apple's board and management "don't like" the fact that Apple's stock has crashed.
Apple rarely (if ever) comments on its stock price. So this remark was notable.
Companies don't have many ways that they can directly influence their share prices (other than putting up great numbers), but one of the avenues open to Apple is to significantly increase its dividend or otherwise return cash to shareholders. I would be surprised if Apple did not take some action on this front in the next few months.
The second comment Cook made is potentially worrisome.
When asked about new product categories that Apple might develop, Cook was quoted by Brent Dirks of AppAdvice as saying the following:
"Obviously we're looking at new categories — we don't talk about them, but we're looking at them."
Cook's refusal to talk about new product categories is not meaningful--Apple never reveals anything about new products--but the Cook's wording might be.
Cook said Apple is "looking at" new product categories. And he said it twice.
This is distinctly different than the wording Cook has used in the past when asked about new product categories, such as the widely discussed Apple TV. Last December, when asked about new product categories by NBC's Brian Williams, Cook said the following:
When I go into my living room and turn on the TV, I feel like I have gone backwards in time by 20 to 30 years. It's an area of intense interest. I can't say more than that.
That wording seemed to confirm that Apple was on the cusp of releasing a big new TV product, one that would bring the TV experience into the 21st Century.
And identifying a problem with TV and saying that it was an area of "intense interest" for Apple makes the product sound a lot more immediate than saying that Apple is "looking at new [product] categories."
(Of course Apple is looking at new product categories.)
Now, it would be a mistake to attach too much meaning to this. Cook may have been intentionally playing down an imminent new product release, or he may be so sick of answering the question that he just tossed off a dismissive answer.
But the wording stood out.
Meanwhile, Apple's stock dropped modestly after the shareholder meeting and now stands at $445--about $10 above a new closing low. At that price, the stock is trading at only 10X trailing earnings, which suggests that the market thinks that Apple's earnings will shrink going forward. So for those who think that Apple is not just "looking at" new product categories, but has fully baked exciting new product categories ready to be released, this level looks cheap.
SEE ALSO: Why Apple's Stock Is Collapsing--And When It Might Be A Buy


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NMT Receives $67 Million Grant from DOE, Oct. 27, 2006
Contact: Hannah Vanderbush
(202) 224-7073
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M., Oct. 27, 2006 – U.S. Senator Pete Domenici announced today that the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (N.M. Tech) has received $67,000,000 over the next ten years from the Department of Energy (DOE) to conduct research into greenhouse gas emissions.
Funds from the DOE are part of a cost-share program in the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Under its provisions, N.M. Tech will share 20 percent of the cost and will conduct research into the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions utilizing CO2 underground storage technology. Over the course of the project, approximately 1,000,000 tons of CO2 will be injected into a geological formation in order to assess its impact on the reduction of harmful greenhouse gases.
"I am always interested in developing technologies that are both cost-effective and good for the environment," said Domenici. "I am pleased that DOE provides funds for research projects such as this and am equally pleased that a New Mexico institution has been chosen to carry it out."
NETL is owned and administered by the Department of Energy. It seeks to develop fossil fuel technologies that improve America's energy independence. NETL currently partners with universities and research institutions to improve the knowledge and technology surrounding energy issues.
Domenici is a long-time member of the Senate Appropriations Committee, which determines funding for DOE programs.


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Author Notes: This is a very light, refreshing punch offering a bouquet of coconut, ginger, and lychee that is punctuated with a lively peony garnish made of canned lychee and gari (sushi ginger). This recipe serves 2, but can easily be scaled up for larger parties. —JWC
Food52 Review: JWC's Snow Peony Punch is a light refreshing punch with a beautiful garnish. The garnish takes some finesse -- I found that cutting a small slice into the lychee and attaching the sushi ginger to that helped to hold it in place. Now I'm planning to add this peony garnish to our platters this holiday. We tried using different kinds of ginger ale and preferred a lighter version like Seagram's to Canada Dry or Vernor's. We also experimented with adding a little alcohol. Vanilla vodka would be good but we didn't have that. We did have Kinky, a blood orange-passionfruit vodka that gave the punch a delightful pink blush -- and a nice kick! —lorigoldsby
Serves: 2
cup Coconut water (not coconut cream or coconut milk)
cup Ginger ale (diet ginger ale can be used)
cup Syrup from 1 can of lychees
cup Very finely flaked coconut (not shredded coconut)
Lychees (canned), drained and patted dry
Gari (sushi ginger), drained and patted dry
- To make punch: Mix together coconut water, ginger ale, and lychee syrup in a small pitcher. Stir well. Pour into rimmed glasses. Add garnish. If desired, sprinkle additional coconut over the top of the drinks.
- To rim glasses: Wipe the rims of glasses using one lychee. Place flaked coconut on a plate or shallow dish and then roll the rims of the glasses in the coconut (as you would rim a glass with salt).
- To make peony garnish: Make small cuts from the open top of a lychee to nearly the bottom, to create separable petals without cutting all the way through. Set aside. Take one whole lychee and stuff the center with 1-2 pieces of gari. Wrap additional leaves of gari around the outside of the lychee. Place gari-wrapped lychee inside the cut lychee. Secure entire peony using a cocktail pick.
- This recipe is a Community Pick!
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Punch
More Great Recipes:
Punch|Lychee|5 Ingredients or Fewer|Alcohol-Free Drinks|Hors D'Oeuvre


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Forum Club hosts 'Islam: A Balanced Perspective'
Claire Sullivan will speak on "Islam: A Balanced Perspective" at 9 a.m. Friday in Magnolia Hall in a presentation hosted by the Sun City Forum Club.
She presently teaches courses on the subject at the Osher Life Learning Institute and Savannah Technical College. Sullivan has previously taught ESL in four major countries and has spent considerable time in the Mideast including Israel. She was the founder of the ESI International Academy, now the Heritage Academy on Hilton Head Island. Sullivan has been a private instructor to students from Korea, China, Japan, Vietnam and Hungary. The meeting is open to Sun City residents.
Safe driver certificate courses
Certificate holders may attend a four-hour refresher course from 9 a.m.-1 p.m. March 12 in the May River Room at Pinckney Hall.
The six-hour Safe Driver Certificate course for drivers of any age will be conducted from 9 a.m.-3 p.m. March 31 in the Savannah River Room at Hidden Cypress.
Review current information, strengthen driving awareness, learn about senior processing skills and become an alert, aware, driver. Hear information about bicycles, golf carts, RVs and motorcycles. Discussions will include current South Carolina laws, local regulations and facing the realities of driving in Beaufort County. Participants should bring lunch. A certificate of completion will be issued for car insurance rate reduction.
For information and registration, contact Joyce Tartow at 705-5692 or email email@example.com.
'Hotel California' show added
A second show for 'Hotel California: Tribute to the Eagles' has been scheduled for 7 p.m. May 7 in Magnolia Hall. Tickets will be $22 and will go on sale March 15 on the Pinckney Hall dance floor.
Residents who tried to purchase tickets Feb. 13 for the sold-out show will have first dibs on tickets for the encore concert. Lifestyle Services will implement the same ticket sale procedure used at the original sale.
Between 8 a.m. and 8:15 a.m. on March 15, Lifestyle Services will pass out numbers to everyone. Numbers will then be drawn at random, and the resident with the coinciding number will purchase tickets. The remaining numbers from the original ticket sale date will be drawn first so those residents who were unable to purchase tickets the first time have a chance to buy tickets. If you have a number from the original sale, make sure to bring that number.
Lifestyle Services will then draw numbers handed out between 8 a.m. and 8:15 a.m. March 15. There is a limit of four tickets per household.
Hidden Cypress pool hours extended
Pool hours at the Hidden Cypress outdoor pool and spa have been restored to 6 a.m.–10 p.m. seven days a week. Lights that turn on and off automatically have been installed around the pool deck to allow for early morning and night-time swimming.
Sunday fitness facility hours changing
Both fitness centers will open at 8 a.m. Sunday effective March 4. The fitness centers will close at the usual Sunday time of 6 p.m.


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Cervical Cancer
The cervix is the lower, narrow end of the uterus (the organ where a fetus grows). The cervix leads from the uterus to the vagina (birth canal).
The main types of cervical cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma begins in the thin, flat cells that line the cervix. Adenocarcinoma begins in cervical cells that make mucus and other fluids.
Long-lasting infections with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) cause almost all cases of cervical cancer. Vaccines that protect against infection with these types of HPV can greatly reduce the risk of cervical cancer. Having a Pap test to check for abnormal cells in the cervix or a test to check for HPV can find cells that may become cervical cancer. These cells can be treated before cancer forms.
Cervical cancer can usually be cured if it is found and treated in the early stages.


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CMU's Graduate Student Union could begin bargaining next week
Central Michigan University's Board of Trustees agreed Thursday to begin bargaining with the Michigan Federation of Teachers for the Graduate Student Union, along with three other units.
Other units included in the bargaining agreement are the National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians/Communication Workers of America for broadcast employees, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America for office professional employees and the CMU Supervisory Technical Association for supervisory-technical employees.
Now that the GSU has permission to begin bargaining, GSU President Michelle Campbell hopes to begin bargaining as soon as next week.
"We've already submitted a schedule of times, dates and issues that we hope to discuss," Campbell said. "We hope to hear from (representatives of the university) soon to discuss our issues."
The goal of the GSU's bargaining contract is to improve basic protections and human rights for graduate assistants, Campbell told Central Michigan Life in January.
"Everything on our bargaining contract is an issue we hope to discuss," Campbell said.
The GSU hopes to bargain its contract and discuss issues concerning time off for graduate assistants, salary, health care and time off for emergencies. The GSU also wants graduate assistants to be compensated for working overtime.
"We have the same responsibilities as a faculty member but not the same rights as a faculty member," Campbell told CM Life in January.
In regards to health care, the GSU bargaining platform states that graduate assistants should have health care coverage beyond the wellness allowance and supports health care coverage that extends to spouses, civil partners and children.
Campbell wanted this bargaining action put on the board during December's trustees meeting so they could begin bargaining over winter break.
She emailed the board prior to December's meeting and did not receive a response.
"Unlike other bargaining units on campus, our members on the bargaining team do not receive leave time to bargain," Campbell told the trustees during December's meeting. " … Asking our members to bargain so late in the semester, when our jobs and our classes are only piling on more work is, as we see it, not an attempt by the university to bargain in good faith for a fair contract."
There was no response from the board after her comment was made.
"We listened to her comment, and as policy, the board does not respond," Trustee Brian Fannon told CM Life in December. "I defer to President (George) Ross."
Ross told CM Life in December the timetable for bargaining is traditional and the university needed time to prepare, and that is why Campbell's request was not added to the agenda.
"These four contracts expire in June, and we typically seek approval from the board in the winter or spring meeting authorizing the ratification of the new contracts. It's been happening that way for as long as any of us can remember," Ross said during Thursday's meeting.


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Story highlights
- A nurse was killed trying to protect patients, hospital system CEO says
- One survivor remains in critical condition
- Police say they have a suspect in custody, but don't have a motive
- The attack happened at Good Shepherd Ambulatory Surgical Center in Longview, Texas
Gail Sandidge rushed to help when screams rang out during a stabbing at a Texas medical center on Tuesday.
Horrified patients and family members watched as a man stabbed the nurse in the chest.
"She was just saying...'I'm hurt. He got me,'" witness Jana Jackson told CNN affiliate KLTV. "And that's when we realized there was blood all on the front of her scrubs."
Hours later, authorities pronounced Sandidge dead. Police said four others were wounded when 22-year-old suspect Kyron Templeton attacked visitors and employees Tuesday morning at Good Shepherd Ambulatory Surgical Center in Longview, Texas.
The hospital's president told reporters that the dedicated nurse died trying to save her patients.
"Nurses are protectors by nature. And Gail, she fit that profile," said Steve Altmiller, head of Good Shepherd Health Systems. "She was protecting her patients in an act of courage today, and in so doing, she lost her life."
He described Sandidge as "a seamstress, a Sunday-school teacher of 2-year-olds, a huge Baylor fan, a mother, a grandmother, a healer, a trainer, a mentor, a nurturer." She had worked for the hospital for nearly two decades, he said.
Police arrested Templeton on a street near the hospital, KLTV reported. He was arraigned on one count of first-degree murder and four counts of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon Tuesday. But authorities haven't identified a motive, a police spokeswoman said.
Witnesses told KLTV they saw a man running through the surgery center around 7 a.m. with a hunting knife, screaming, "You're not going to kill my mother."
"He had a death grip on the knife and he was just muttering and his eyes were kind of wild-looking," said Jackson's husband, Chad. "It was just, he was very confused."
Moments later, the surgery center about 120 miles east of Dallas turned into a crime scene.
Some staff members rushed patients into safe areas. Others performed CPR on the victims, Chad Jackson told KLTV.
One of the injured victims remained in critical condition Tuesday afternoon, Altmiller said. Another is in good condition. Two others, including a hospital employee, were treated and released, he said.
Templeton is being held on $2.6 million bond as the investigation continues, KLTV reported.
Meanwhile, the Jacksons say they're trying to explain what happened to their two young daughters.
"We're just telling them there's bad people out there," Chad Jackson told KLTV. "There's not a lot of things we can do about the craziness in the world. That's why we go to church. They pray. They say their prayers every night."
And now, he said, Sandidge and her family will be in their prayers.


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Contact Information
Artistic/Production Offices:
77 S High Street, 2nd Floor
Columbus, OH 43215
Phone: 614.461.1382
Fax: 614.461.8241
CATCO is Kids & Education offices:
Columbus Performing Arts Center (CPAC)
549 Franklin Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43215
Phone: 614.464.9400
Fax: 614.724.0153
Box Office:
c/o CAPA Ticket Center
39 E. State Street
Columbus, OH 43215
Phone: 614.469.0939
Fax: 614.340.2272
Ticket Donations
Seeking ticket donations from CATCO for your organization's event, raffle or gift basket?
Contact Stewart Bender at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Expand / Collapse Directions
CATCO performs in the theatres of the Vern Riffe Center for Government and the Arts and the Columbus Performing Arts Center (CPAC, 549 Franklin Ave, Columbus, OH 43215). Click here for directions to CPAC.
Directions to the Riffe Center are below. For images of some of our venues, visit CAPA.com.
Directions to Riffe Center
The Studio Theatres are on the corner of State and High (77 South High Street) (Look for the building with the big clock).
If traveling from the north, take I-71 south to Broad Street exit and turn right onto Broad. Follow to 3rd and turn left onto 3rd. Take to State and go right onto State. Theatre is one block up on the right.
If traveling from the south, take I-71 north to 4th Street exit and turn left onto 4th. Take 4th to State and turn left onto State. Theatre is two blocks up on the right.
If traveling from the east, take I-70 west to 4th Street exit and turn right onto 4th. Take 4th to State and turn left onto State. Theatre is two blocks up on the right.
If traveling from the west, take I-70 east to Front Street/High Street/Livingston Avenue exit. Continue east (straight ahead) on the exit ramp to High Street and go left onto High. Follow High, theatre is on left on corner of High and State.
Parking is available at the Huntington Center and Riffe Center garages on Front, at City Center Parking Garages on 3rd and Rich, at the State House Parking Garage on 3rd & State , the 5th/3rd parking garage on State next to the Ohio Theatre and several surface lots are available. Prices vary.
Getting to the theatre is easy, and there is plenty of low-cost parking nearby!
Riffe Center Parking Garage
Enter from Front Street. Take the elevators to the fourth floor, hang a left and you are there!
Ohio Statehouse Parking Garage
Enter from westbound Broad Street or from Third Street. Once parked, take the pedestrian tunnel on the top level of the garage to the Huntington Center. Bear left past the Huntington escalators and through the revolving glass doors in the Riffe Center. Proceed up the escalators to the third floor and follow the signs to the studio theatres.
City Center Parking Garages
Enter the City Center garage from either Main Street or Rich Street between High & 3rd. Walk south on High Street to State Street. Enter the Riffe Center at High Street entrance. Proceed to the main escalators and go to the third floor. Follow the signs to the studio theatres.
Metered Street Parking
The closest spots are on State and Front Streets. (most are free after 6 p.m. and on Sundays) Enter the Riffe Center at the State Street entrance. Take the elevators to the third floor. Follow the signs to the studio theatres.
Surface Lots
There are also surface lots with plenty of spaces available. One is located at 3rd & State (one block away), another at 4th & State (two blocks away) and one at State between High & Front (one block away).
Directions to the Columbus Performing Arts Center (CPAC)
CPAC is located at 549 Franklin Avenue, Columbus Ohio 43215. Free parking is available in the lot across from the theatre.
Expand / Collapse Staff Contact List
|Producing Director
|Steven C. Anderson
|Associate Producing Director
|Joe Bishara
|Director of Development
|Barbara Markus
|Annual Fund Manager
|Jason Crouse
|Subscription & Group
Sales Coordinator
|Jolane Campbell
|Production Stage Manager
|Kirsten Upchurch
|Technical Director
|Joe Wolfle
|Education Coordinator
|Andrew Protopapas
|CPAC Facility Coordinator
|Caroline Dittamo
|CPAC Facility Coordinator
|Rowan Winterwood
|Press Representative
|Sarah Mills Bacha


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Brushing Your Teeth Just May Save Your Life — Health Check
A multi-year study of more than 100,000 people by researchers in Taiwan found dental cleanings can be associated with a lower risk of heart attacks and strokes.
In fact, people with professionally cleaned teeth had a 24 percent lower risk of heart attack and 13 percent lower risk of stroke compared to those who've never had a dental cleaning. Professional tooth cleaning seems to reduce inflammation-causing bacterial growth that can lead to heart disease.
"Protection from heart disease and stroke was more pronounced in participants who got tooth scaling at least once a year," said Dr. Zu-Yin Chen, a cardiology fellow at Veterans General Hospital in Taipei, who presented the findings on Sunday at the American Heart Association scientific meeting in Orlando, Florida.


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UPDATE: A command porting walk-through has beed added to the documentation.
Back around UDS time, I began work on a reboot of Quickly, Ubuntu's application development tool. After two months and just short of 4000 lines of code written, I'm pleased to announce that the inner-workings of the new code is very nearly complete! Now I've reached the point where I need your help.
The Recap
First, let me go back to what I said needed to be done last time. Port from Python 2 to Python 3: Done. Add built-in argument handling: Done. Add meta-data output: Well, not quite. I'm working on that though, and now I can add it without requiring anything from template authors.
But here are some other things I did get done. Add Bash shell completion: Done. Added Help command (that works with all other commands): Done. Created command class decorators: Done. Support templates installed in any XDG_DATA_DIRS: Done. Allow template overriding on the command-line: Done. Started documentation for template authors: Done.
Now it's your turn
With the core of the Quickly reboot nearly done, focus can now turn to the templates. At this point I'm reasonably confident that the API used by the templates and commands won't change (at least not much). The 'create' and 'run' commands from the ubuntu-application template have already been ported, I used those to help develop the API. But that leaves all the rest of the commands that need to be updated (see list at the bottom of this post). If you want to help make application development in Ubuntu better, this is a great way to contribute.
For now, I want to focus on finishing the port of the ubuntu-application template. This will reveal any changes that might still need to be made to the new API and code, without disrupting multiple templates.
How to port a Command
The first thing you need to do is understand how the new Quickly handles templates and commands. I've started on some documentation for template developers, with a Getting Started guide that covers the basics. You can also find me in #quickly in Freenode IRC for help.
Next you'll need to find the code for the command you want to port. If you already have the current Quickly installed, you can find them in /usr/share/quickly/templates/ubuntu-application/, or you can bzr branch lp:quickly to get the source.
The commands are already in Python, but they are stand-alone scripts. You will need to convert them into Python classes, with the code to be executed being called in the run() method. You can add your class to the ./data/templates/ubuntu-application/commands.py file in the new Quickly branch (lp:quickly/reboot). Then submit it as a merge proposal against lp:quickly/reboot.
Grab one and go!
So here's the full list of ubuntu-application template commands. I'll update this list with progress as it happens. If you want to help, grab one of the TODO commands, and start porting. Email me or ping me on IRC if you need help.
add: TODO
configure: TODO
create: DONE!
debug: TODO
design: TODO
edit: DONE!
license: TODO
package: DONE!
release: TODO
run: DONE!
save: DONE!
share: TODO
submitubuntu: TODO
test: TODO
tutorial: TODO
upgrade: TODO


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Welcome to Western Atlantic Uncovered! Your tourist guide to holidays in West coast Algarve, Portugal! For tourist information about the western Atlantic coast, its towns and villages, restaurants, bars, shops, things to do and in fact, all things Western Atlantic Uncovered!
West coast Algarve, or the western Atlantic coast as it is also referred to, covers an area that runs from Sagres in the south of the Algarve to Odeceixe in the north, the last town before the Alentejo. It is part of the protected 'Parque Natural da Costa Vicentina'. The coastline is much more dramatic and rugged than the southern coast and more exposed to the Atlantic weather - the reason that it is such a popular area for the surfing fraternity.
It is an area virtually untouched by tourism, with small hamlets and villages scattered here and there and many of the beaches are just that... beaches! No resort! This is what makes the region so special and enjoyed by those lucky enough to visit.
West coast Algarve falls under two municipalities (councils) - Vila do Bispo in the south and Aljezur to the north, with Sagres being the main town at the southernmost point and Aljezur town serving the northern end. There is only one route along this coast - the EN268 road goes from Sagres to Aljezur and then the EN120 to Odeceixe and beyond. To find the different beaches you need to watch for the signs. There are lots of seldom visited beaches (probably because they are quite inaccessible and not signposted!) along the way.
At the northern most point is the pretty town of Odeceixe where the Seixe River winds it way through lush green pastures until it reaches the coast a short distance away at Praia de Odeceixe. The main part of the town is a network of cobbled streets in the bottom of the valley but there is a road leading up the hillside, past a church, to a windmill at the top (still operational) from where you can see the town laid out beneath you and the river winding through the fields to the sea beyond. It really is a very picturesque and peaceful town and although the centre looks as if it is a pedestrian area, as the streets are fully cobbled, it isn't! The 'road' winds past the little clusters of tables and chairs from the cafes, which are tucked around nearly every corner, and take you through to the road for the beach which is a couple of kilometres away at the mouth of the river.
Monte Clérigo (just to the west of Aljezur) is a beautiful place to visit winter or summer! It consists of a relatively small modern residential area on the hills above the beach and a scattering of fishermen's cottages around the beach, some of which are now used as holiday accommodation.
There are a couple of restaurants, a car park behind the beach and a picnic area under the shade of the pine trees at the top of the hill complete with brick built barbecues. The views of the cliffs and the sea as you drive down towards the beach are stunning at any time of the year but especially in springtime (December onwards!) when the cliff tops are a mass of colourful flowers and vegetation in all shades of green.
Arrifana has a small fishing port - the mainstay of its economy so it comes as no surprise that there are several fish restaurants to choose from in the village!
The village perches on top of the cliffs along with the remains of a 17th century fort built to protect the fishermen. A handful of buildings spill down the hillside to the beach, adding to the drama of this spectacular stretch of coastline.
Arrifana is a favourite with surfers who arrive winter and summer to enjoy the rolling waves of the Atlantic and in the summer are joined on the beach by sun worshippers escaping the more crowded south coast beaches.
Vale daTelha is a little inland from Arrifana and is a popular residential area with a few shops and a smattering of restaurants and bars, which being mainly gathered around the pine tree roundabout are easy to find!
Everything is low rise and mainly single storey - the Algarve west coast is not an area where you will find high rise hotels and apartment blocks.
It is worth mentioning that the whole of this coast is in a protected natural park and building regulations are strict, so for anyone thinking of buying property it is essential to make sure that all the appropriate licences and permissions have been obtained and adhered to.
Carrapateira is a small town on the hillside just behind the sand dunes of Praia da Bordeira (often mistakenly called Praia da Carrapateira) about 14km north of Vila do Bispo and just south of the village of Bordeira.
The pretty central square, Largo do Comércio, has 3 or 4 cafes, a restaurant, a surf shop, a mini-mercado for everyday supplies as well as a market for fresh fruit and vegetables.
The surf shop not only has surf gear but also bikes for hire and internet access.
To really appreciate the ruggedness of the coastline there is a scenic, if a little rough drive along the cliff tops to Praia do Amado from Bordeira beach - take the road to the left of the beach and follow it up the hill and you can drive along the cliff tops all the way to Amado beach. Although it is quite a rough road in places, you don't need a 4x4 to tackle it! It is worth it for the view and when you reach Amado there is a tarmac road that leads you back to the main road just south of Carrapateira.
Praia do Amado is just that...a gorgeous beach! Oh, and there are a couple of snack bars! The large sandy bay with red and gold cliffs at either end and green hills as a backdrop ...wonderful! Judging by the number of surfers that gather here - the surf's not bad either!
Algarve Hotels
Algarve Self-Catering
Flights to Portugal
Algarve Car Hire
Algarve Transfers
Things to do
Algarve Reviews
Algarve | Albufeira | Alcoutim | Algarve Golden Triangle | Aljezur | Alte | Alvor | Armacao de Pera | Burgau | Cabanas | Carvoeiro | Castro Marim | Faro | Ferragudo | Lagos | Loule | Monchique | Monte Gordo | Olhao | Portimao | Praia da Luz | Praia da Rocha | Quarteira | Sagres | Sao Bartolomeu de Messines | Sao Bras de Alportel | Silves | Tavira | Vila do Bispo | Vilamoura | Vila Real de Santo Antonio


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You are currently browsing the tag archive for the 'teenagers' tag.
The fate of the world balanced between my Mom's fingertips and my oldest sister's mood. Every morning started the same for me and my three skinny sisters; rattled out of our beds— making them even before we peed, then breakfast, then dressing and lining up to get our long hair put up. Mom sat in her favorite teak lounge chair watching the morning news, and we sat between her knees one-by-one, Indian style, holding onto her calves. We mocked the hairstyle calling it "sprouts", the only hairdo Mom could manage beside a ponytail. Mom would pull up our bangs and side tendrils with all her might and wrangle them into rubber bands that she saved from the daily paper. Most days we'd complain of headaches before leaving for school.
There was always a race for the sprouts, and my oldest sister always won. She always ticked off Mom by wiggling too much or having too many tangles, or she would wait until the moment when her sprouts were all smoothed out, when Mom held them just right and was about to twist on the rubber band … and my oldest sister would fake a cough or a sneeze. Mom would have to start all over. As a consequence, last one done always got a few extra thwacks to the back of the head from Mom's rattail comb. My oldest sister took such hilarity in watching us get our heads yanked back hard by Mom's relentless brushing and seeing Mom get so upset that she'd light a cigarette and take a long drag to calm her trembling hands.
She would sit, my oldest sister, on the sofa with shoulders shuddering in a silent giggle. Maybe it was sadism or maybe just payback for having to wear the same hair and outfit as her younger sisters. Those two had the same old argument that ended the same way everyday by Mom saying, "sure it's fair, every one gets the same treatment around here and that's the end of it!" Only it was never the end of it for my older sister.
Maybe in my Mom's childhood there was favoritism, maybe her sisters got jealous over clothes, maybe my Mom got jealous of a prettier skirt or nicer shoes. In Mom's house, we were treated the same, dressed the same — to a fair-thee-well; Mom's little matryoshka, her little Russian nesting dolls. Out in the neighborhood we'd cause a scene, just a stir, at the baker's or the butcher's, my Mom smiled as we followed behind, her little matryoshka all in a row by age, and she laughed as the old cheek pinching babushkas bubbled and rushed to my doe-eyed baby sister, the cutest.
By the time we were teenagers Mom was long out of the hair battle. And, no match for my older sisters contesting for time in our one tiny bathroom, I went to school with long kinky greasy brown hair. Certain that the powers-that-be had it in for me, second semester sophomore year I got first period gym class, swim instruction for the entire semester. I got an ear infection the first week, but my parents thought I was just faking it to get out of swimming and they didn't take me to the doctor after school. That night a 102 temperature and a piercing pain behind my ear woke me up, unable to stand it, I woke up my Dad. He felt my forehead, frowned and told me how I could relieve the pressure. I held my nose, closed my mouth and blew air through my ears. I heard a loud pulsing, then a high squeal and a tremendous whoosh. Shocked and seeing stars, I grabbed my ear, and screamed before I passed out next to my parent's bed. When I came to, blood was in my palm and down my neck. I spent the rest of night sitting up in my bed, the only position that didn't make me bawl. In the morning we went to see the doctor who looked directly at my father when he announced that I had burst my eardrum.
I missed swimming for a week and by doctor's orders I had to dry my hair. My teacher let me leave early — for a head start over all the older girls that monopolized the wall mounted hand dryers. My kinky mop transformed. It was shiny and straight and wisped back just like a shampoo commercial as I walked through the hallways. By the end of the week I got asked out on my first date. By the end of that year I met my future husband.
When I was thirty I had three small children of my own, two boys and a girl. In my house, our day began with cuddle-time, then bed making, then breakfast, then dressing and hair. My boys were easy; I brushed their bobbing heads while they brushed their teeth. My daughter would come to me as I watched the news and sit between my knees, legs akimbo, her arms around my calves. Her long and thick hair had a mind of its own, no matter what style I tried it would never stay. It curled every which way and hid her pretty face.
My daughter was asked to her first dance when she was a sophomore. I took her to a real hairstylist for her first up do. It took the stylist over two hours to wash, dry, and style her hair. She used an old-fashioned rubber band to hold her hair in place, my daughter's eyes welled up and she grimaced when the stylist twisted her hair into place. The poor stylist had to use all her might to whisk up her hair in a high ponytail and a can of hairspray to hold the long cascade of curls. Before my eyes my daughter transformed, a mirror holding onto a thirty-year-old reflection.
When we got home she slipped into her dress and heels, I couldn't take my eyes off of her. She twirled around and began to pose like a model when I noticed a little wrinkle on the back of the dress that I had to iron out. I insisted that she put on a little lip-gloss. I fussed with her shawl until she became tired of standing still. I noticed her shoes had a bit of a scuff that I needed to rub out, but she refused to step out of them, and she stomped into her room and wouldn't come out until I went away. She shouted through her bedroom door that she didn't want me to come to her girlfriend's house for pictures. I went to the kitchen, sat at the table and wondered when it happened, when had I become my mother?
A few minutes later my daughter tapped me on the shoulder. She stood there with one hand on her hip and in the other was a hairbrush and lip-gloss. She told me that if we were going to make it to the pictures I had to get my hair out of my eyes and put a little color on my face.


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Picture yourself, standing in the batter's box, wearing your very own personalized uniform, facing 1982 World Series Championship starting pitcher Dave LaPoint . You swing and it's a line drive in the gap. As you stand on first, you wonder if stealing second base would be worth it with 3 – time NL Gold Glove Winner, Tom Pagnozzi behind the plate. Your teammate enters the box and you hear Hall of Famer Ozzie Smith telling you from the dugout " 2 down, run on anything" The ball is hit…
This sounds like a dream right? Fortunately for you, this is an opportunity to truly experiencing what it is like to be a major league ball player. You have the opportunity to spend a week playing ball alongside Cardinal Legends, and the fun doesn't stop at the end of the day. After the games, evening events allow you to socialize with these pros and listen as they recount their tales of life in "the bigs".
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Methotrexate is often used to control pemphigus and MedlinePlus lists some warnings you should be aware of. ALWAYS discuss your care with your physician before making any changes to your treatment.Methotrexate may cause very serious side effects. Some side effects of methotrexate may cause death. You should only take methotrexate to treat life-threatening cancer, or certain other conditions that are very severe and that cannot be treated with other medications. Talk to your doctor about the risks of taking methotrexate for your condition.
Read more information on Methptrexate at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682019.html


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School officials at Southern California fired a student manager after he admitted taking the air out of some footballs before last week's home game against Oregon.
Good. Now they can resume searching for who took the wind out of Lane Kiffin's sails.
Just kidding about that last part, if only because Kiffin hardly needs help. Most coaches are lucky to land even one dream job, but the former boy-wonder is fast wearing out the welcome at his third.
Kiffin's entree into the coaching business came early and his pedigree likely had a lot to do with it. Monte Kiffin currently works as defensive coordinator for his son as USC, but built a reputation as a defensive genius in the NFL and college ranks stretching back to before Lane was born. They became a package deal at Tennessee in 2009, when the Volunteers threw Lane a lifeline right after the late Raiders owner, Al Davis, fired him (with a 5-15 record) in Oakland. How much longer father and son stay together at USC remains to be seen.
That's the funny thing about these shenanigans. A solid defense is the one thing USC probably counted on when it hired the Kiffins to clean up after the NCAA punished the program for the mess Pete Carroll left behind two years ago. That was likely what the student manager thought, too, believing a deflated football would be easier for the Trojans to throw and catch. He didn't count on Oregon finding it easier, too, or imagine the Trojans would turn in their worst defensive performance ever in a 62-51 loss.
But bad defense alone doesn't explain how a loaded team that was No. 1 in plenty of preseason polls finds itself stumbling to 6-3. The Trojans also happen to be the most-penalized team in major college football, in no small part because of late hits and retaliatory fouls that a few players have chalked up to ``brotherhood.''
``Guys are looking out for each other, (but) you need to play within the rules,'' is how All-American receiver Robert Woods put it recently. ``We've made dumb mistakes. I retaliated and got a penalty, too.''
That's a funny thing, too. Part of the reason USC was supposed to be back in contention was Lane Kiffin's new-found maturity. He did a good job holding the program together last season, despite the crippling sanctions the NCAA imposed, but suddenly it seems he's up to some old tricks. He bailed on a post-practice news conference a while back after a harmless question. Not long after, USC was called out for having a player switch jerseys in a game against Colorado to run a trick play. So if you're wondering where the players got the idea that it's OK to retaliate after the whistle, or how a student manager concocted a scheme to deflate some footballs after the game officials had checked, the top might be a good place to start looking.
It seems Kiffin can't stop being cute. At Tennessee, he named a just-born son Monte Knox Kiffin, then said he'd be called ``Knox,'' a reference to the Vols' Knoxville location. When he left for the USC job, the joke was that he could spare his next child similar embarrassment by giving him the middle name: ``Mercenary.''
At his introductory news conference at USC, he tried to reassure a fan base that he would run a ``clean, disciplined program.'' But even as he was speaking, his recruiting coordinator, Ed Orgeron, who followed Kiffin from Tennessee to USC, was busy getting back in touch with some Volunteer recruits to tell them how much more fulfilling the coursework is at Southern California. The tone was set. USC is still clean, but after back-to-back humiliations by Oregon and Arizona, especially on the defensive side, ``disciplined'' is in question and the blame is being passed around.
``They can control the rest of their season,'' Kiffin said. ``There's a lot of teams in the country that can't after everything that's happened.''
But it's not just the players who need to step it up. Already, there have been a few calls to fire Monte, a possibility his son dismissed after last week's debacle.
``You can't make major changes in season,'' Lane Kiffin said. ``That never works.''
Of course, neither did taking the air out of the football. Better get back to the drawing board and fast.
Jim Litke is a national sports columnist for The Associated Press. Write to him at jlitke(at)ap.org and follow him at Twitter.com/JimLitke.


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Alternative Modalities
> Dance
Also listed as:
Aerobic dance
Related terms
Author information
Related Terms
Aerobic dance, high-impact, low-impact, sportaerobics, step aerobics, Tae-Bo®, water aerobics.
Aerobic exercise is any activity that uses large muscle groups, can be maintained continuously, and is rhythmic in nature. It is a type of exercise that works the heart and lungs and causes them to work harder than at rest.
Aerobic dance movement tends to be repetitive and pounding. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends aerobic exercise done for a minimum of 20 minutes, three times a week at 60% of the maximum heart rate. Doing less than this will minimize your health benefits. Exercising 4 or more times a week will increase your health benefits.
The word "aerobics" was coined by Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper, a physician at the San Antonio Air Force Hospital in Texas, to denote a system of exercise he developed to help prevent coronary artery disease. Cooper's book about the exercise system, Aerobics, was published in 1968. A year later, Jackie Sorenson developed aerobic dance. a series of dance routines to improve cardiovascular fitness.
During the next two decades, aerobic dance and exercise in various forms spread throughout the United States and into other countries. The number of aerobics participants in the United States. alone grew from an estimated 6 million in 1978 to 19 million in 1982 and 22 million in 1987.
In 1983, Howard and Karen Schwartz organized Sport Fitness International (SFI) to oversee a new competitive sport they had developed, known as sportaerobics. SFI conducted the first national aerobic championship in 1984. Howard Schwartz founded the International Competitive Aerobics Federation (ICAF) in 1989, and the first world championships were held at San Diego in March of 1990, with athletes from 15 countries competing.
The ICAF has become the Association of National Aerobic Championships Worldwide (ANAC), which has 38 member countries. The national governing body is now the United States Competitive Aerobics Federation (USCAF), also founded in 1989.
Sport aerobics originally featured competition in four categories: Individual male and female, mixed pairs, and trio, which can include any three athletes. In 2002, competition was added for groups of six athletes.
Theoretical benefits of dance aerobics include improved cardiovascular and respiratory functioning such as an increased ability of exercising muscles to consume oxygen, lowered resting and exercise heart rates, increased stamina, resistance to fatigue, more effective management of diabetes, reduced bone-mineral loss, decreased blood pressure, and increased efficiency of the heart. Dance aerobics also may help to reduce coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, increase quality of life, and increase strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility.
Theory / Evidence
One randomized clinical trial concluded that dance-based aerobic exercise, specifically designed for older women, may improve selected components of balance and locomotion/agility, thereby lessening risks of falling. The coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors improved for those participating in diet modifications or diet plus exercise (walking or aerobic dance). Reductions in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and fasting glucose were significantly greater in the diet with aerobic group compared with the diet only and diet with walking groups.
Author information
This information has been edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).
Aerobic dance injuries. 18 May 2006.
Aerobic dances. 18 May 2006.
Okura T, Nakata Y, Tanaka K. Effects of exercise intensity on physical fitness and risk factors for coronary heart disease. Obes Res. 2003 Sep;11(9):1131-9.
Shigematsu R, Chang M, Yabushita N, et al. Dance-based aerobic exercise may improve indices of falling risk in older women. Age Ageing. 2002 Jul;31(4):261-6.
Low-impact aerobics
: Utilizes aerobic movements (those movements involving large muscle groups used in continuous rhythmic activity) in which at least one foot contacts the ground at all times. Low-impact aerobics evolved to decrease the lower leg overuse injuries associated with high-impact classes. Recommended for special populations, such as seniors, pregnant women and overweight individuals.
High-impact aerobics
: This type is aerobic dance in which there are moments when the body is moved through space and both feet lose contact with the ground. High impact aerobics utilizes aerobic movements such as jumping and hopping. It provides great cardiovascular advantages along with good metabolic benefits (i.e., kilocalories utilized per minute of exercise).
Step aerobics
: Step aerobics involves stepping up and down from a platform. Step aerobics can offer a moderate- to high-intensity cardiovascular workout with low impact stresses. Intensity of the class can be individualized by changing the platform height and use of propulsion.
Water aerobics
: This type of aerobics is done in the water. Water aerobics is very low-impact and, due to the buoyancy of the water, is recommended for overweight people. It is not necessary to know how to swim to do water aerobics as they are usually done in waist-high water.
Tae Bo®
: TAE BO is an acronym for Total Awareness Excellence Body Obedience. It is an aerobic exercise routine developed by tae kwon do practitioner Billy Blanks that combines music with training exercises to develop an intensive workout regimen. It is a combination of tae kwon do (Korean martial art) and boxing. The high-intensity workout has been shown to increase cardio fitness, strength, muscular endurance and flexibility.
Equipment recommended
: Experts recommend proper foot wear (shoes designed for aerobic dance are recommended), and lightweight and well-ventilated clothing for dance aerobics. Also recommended is a spacious area or room, floor surface that provides cushion and stability, motivating music 120-135 beats per minute or an exercise video tape if at home, or various aerobic shows on TV.
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Adding Architectural Interest: Molding & Panels
Molding, trim and paneling used to be standard finishing touches featured in any home, but these days it's often eschewed for clean lines and minimal detailing. When designed well this style can be successful, but the flip-side can be bland and lacking in character. Fortunately, adding detail is always possible and there's a bevy of options.
Look towards the walls, doors, and even ceiling for opportunities to pump up the details with woodwork and trim. You can add molding around your doors and windows, medallions on the ceiling, wainscoting at the base, and panels and picture frames along the wall. You can even avoid adding any woodwork and achieve the same look simply through paint. Check out the links below for inspiration and a few DIYs.
Above from left to right:
1. Before & After: Sophisticated and Dramatic Wainscoting
2. Breaking Down Our $57 Board & Batten, via Young House Love
3. Cheap & Easy Upgrade: 1x2 Molding
4. Before & After: Jude's Impromptu Molding Treatment
5. Farrow & Ball's Colorful Modern Molding Technique
- Design Dictionary: Wainscoting
- Design Definitions: What's the Difference Between Wainscoting and Beadboard?
- Instant Architecture: Add Your Own Molding
- Contrasting Wall Trim and Molding
(Images: As linked above)


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The Jim Henson Company Making a 'Frog and Toad' Movie
It's an announcement that will surely have thousands of childhoods buzzing with nostalgia: the Jim Henson Company will be taking Arnold Lobel's 'Frog and Toad' book series to the big screen as an animated movie.
Of course, the Jim Henson Company is the studio behind everyone's favorite Warm And Fuzzy Childhood Memory, the Muppets, which makes them the perfect choice for reviving a children's book series that was written back when the Kermit and company still had their own TV show.
For those who never encountered the books when they were young kids, here's the basic gist of it: the 'Frog and Toad' books, published between 1970 and 1979, followed the adventures of the titular amphibians as they learn all kinds of basic life lessons intended to educate grade-schoolers about ethics, morals and what-have-you while they learned to read. The series won a Caldecott award for its illustrations and a Newberry Award for its writing and inspired a 2003 Broadway musical.
They aren't particularly cinematic stories, but that isn't stopping the Henson Company. Says CEO Lisa Henson:
"'Frog and Toad' has tremendous value with parents who read these charming stories when they were children and are now sharing them with their own kids…With such high caliber talent on board, the delightful and funny adventures of these two great friends–with a nod to the classic 'buddy movie'–will bring a whole new audience to their big screen debut."
And what "high caliber" talent is she referring to? The script will be written by Craig Bartlett, a longtime television writer with a resume full of kid-friendly properties ('Rugrats,' 'Hey Arnold' and 'Dinosaur Train,' among others). Cory Edwards, the director of 'Hoodwinked,' will helm the project. These may not seem like particularly exciting choices to the average movie fan, but if their intention is to make a perfectly pleasant kids' movie, well, they're on the right track.


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Bruno Mars Admits He Channeled the Police on 'Locked Out of Heaven'
When 'Locked Out of Heaven' hit everyone's ears, a lot of classic rock fans compared the new Bruno Mars track to classics by the Police. And that's perfectly fine by Bruno!
Mars revealed, though, that it's not just because he loves the Police, but also because Sting has similar vocal chops as he does. "I don't think it initially tried to sound like anybody else," Mars told MTV. "I picked up the guitar and just started playing [the song's opening chords]," he explained. "That's how it normally works; I'll pick up a guitar and I'll start humming a melody, and I started singing that, and I was up there in Sting-ville, in that register, so that's what you get … I tend to listen to a lot of guys with higher registers — Sting being one of them, Freddie Mercury, Michael Jackson, Stevie Wonder — because I've got a high voice."
"I've been playing those songs for years, [and] as an artist, as a songwriter, your goal is to always have one of those songs that, from the very first chord, it does something to the body," Mars enthused. "You know, 'Billie Jean,' Michael Jackson. As soon as that drum pattern comes on in the club, everybody starts Moonwalking … that is the producer's dream, to create or compose something like that."
Still, Mars says he's thrilled to be compared to some of his heroes. "Hell yeah! You try to write a Police song!" he laughed. "I grew up listening to the Police, I grew up performing in bars, singing Police songs. … I remember performing a song like 'Roxanne,' and you play those first couple of chords, and you hit that first note, and you watch the whole bar ignite. And as an artist, as a songwriter, it's like 'Man, I want to write a song that makes people's eyes explode the first chord!'"


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Welcome to the CRG Discussion Forum!Forum registration problems: Make sure you enter your email correctly and you check your spam box first. *Then* email KurtS2@gmail for help.Classified ads are not allowed on the forum.
What I find humorous:- Restored to near perfection
What I find humorous:- Restored to near perfectionAnd then states- kept in beautiful and orginial condition its whole lifeWell which is it.. lol


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The leering hyena
AKA soft spoken lioness
This editorial was published online on July 14 and is being reprinted this week while Don is out of town atttending a class reunion.
Nancy Barto, the self-anointed "soft spoken lioness" who is running for the state senate had a balance of $19,079.93 on June 30, 2008. In January 2010 she had a balance of $16,194. There is a large difference between the two.
In 2008 she had loaned her campaign $23,000. She had personal contributions of $5,355. The only ones who gave the statutory limit of $390 were Gerald Freeman of Cave Creek, Carol Lambert and David Lambert, both of Tempe.
Freeman was the individual that tried, through Barto, to author and ratify HB 2154. This bill would have been a catastrophe to anyone living on a private road easement. Fortunately, the bill was lost after severe amendments by Realtors, in the Senate, and it never became law.
On Jan. 31, 2010, 31 of the 62 contributions were from individuals who are affiliated with Blue Cross Blue Shield. That included the brass, president and CEO, 12 VPs and 10 directors. Virtually all the rest were doctors, optometrists, naturopaths, clinics and others affiliated with health care.
She got $9,935 from the above individual contributions.
Do you think you will have fair representation on health matters if Barto becomes a senator? She is owned by health interests.
Then she raised $6,259 from Political Action Committee (PAC) contributions.
Six of 14 contributors were involved in health care and totaled $4,914. The largest was the Arizona Dental Association at $1,664. Second largest is Realtors of AZPAC at $1,000. Others ranged from $75 to $500.
She ended Jan. 31 with a cash balance of $16,194.
The latest report is dated June 30. At this juncture she has a cash balance of $45,648.62.
Barto raised $12,524 from individuals.
Nineteen of 81 contributors are related to health care, 12 were attorneys and 13 are consultants and lobbyists. So more than half were people who, no doubt, are seeking access and votes as well.
So here is a potential senator who is beholden to health care, consultants/lobbyists and lawyers.
Even Tom Farley III, CEO of AZ Association of Realtors donated $100 after donating $1000 of PAC money in January. To his credit he helped kill HB 2154, but knowing that history why would he support the Barto?
Gerald and Janice Freeman donated $250 each, twice, and then refunded $250 each, bringing them within the legal limit. Gerald Freeman and Nancy Barto pushed and shoved HB 2154 to the limit only to arouse the ire of realtors, who, especially Tom Farley, reduced to a local bill, which then died in both caucuses. Why, after that experience Farley would contribute anything is a mystery. Repeated calls to Farley were not returned.
There was $2,390 contributed by political committees. Contributions ranged from $100 to $500. Five of the nine contributors are affiliated with health care. The Arizona Chamber of Commerce PAC, AT&T employee PAC. Highway Patrolmen PAC and the Arizona Credit union PAC contributed.
Do any of the above represent your interests - or theirs?
The sad part about this is Barto's fund raising has swamped the other three who are running against her. Any of the three would be way better than Barto.
Does this result look like the David and Goliath competition between J.D. Hayworth and John McCain? And it is all about money. It is also about a functioning system of functionaries.
I learned that lesson in the dim past when I tried to help Ed Gurney when he ran against current Democrat Senator Bill Nelson of Florida.
I gave the maximum legal amounts and campaigned hard for Gurney, who was damned by the public for being accused of being a Nixon supporter during his tenure in the Senate.
Gurney lost heavily because of money but also because, on Election Day, it seemed every corner had two women with children waving pro Nelson signs. Volunteers, believers.
This in spite of Nelson's campaigning, which always included in heavy southern accent, "This is my waff and these are my two chilren and our dawg, we call him diggeddy dawg." People loved it.
In looking at financial statements for my choice, Ray Barnes, he only has, as of June 30, a cash balance of $2,626.73.
Even worse, Senate candidate Brad Buch had a cash balance on June 30 of $120.50.
And last, candidate Bob Green had a cash balance of $12.34 as of June 30.
Many tea partiers and others want to kick out incumbents. Here is your chance with these candidates.
Since money speaks, I am afraid we may have Barto as an Arizona Senator and John McCain as a continuing U.S. Senator. The last thing we need is the power of the incumbency which leads to power of the purse strings, but that is what we have.
You can see by the run down of Barto's financial statement what interests she will attempt to help at your expense. With McCain it is an open border and amnesty.
I do hope clean elections are completely eliminated and it is up to voters to go online and read financial reports. We don't want legislators who are owned by various interests.
But in spite of the overwhelming odds against Barnes and Hayworth I still have hope they will prevail. Sonoran News will continue their support.
Here are the links to Barto's financial reports:
These two are for the Senate.
This is a link to her reports when in the House.
I received several comments from Kiwanians who were angry because they said CCUSD superintendent Debbie Burdick was introducing Heather Carter at the front door of their Wednesday luncheon as an LD 7 candidate for the state house.
They said Herb Hayde was notified and he made it clear to Burdick and Carter that politicking was verboten at Kiwanis.
Hayde had a different recollection. He is the club secretary and was a former Kiwanis Governor. He said he asked Burdick, who was the day greeter, why Carter was standing there and was told Carter was a house candidate. Hayde says he told Carter to go sit at a table and that politics was not acceptable at Kiwanis.
Remember Kiwanis provided a petition on Burdick's behalf (distributed by Kiwanis member and education maven Kathy Haugner) and Burdick in turn sent a thank you letter to Kiwanis for getting her the high-paid position.
If this is what Carter means by claiming she is for education, look further, she blew it.
Watch for updated financial contributions for Carter and her competitors on Aug. 14.