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Counselling and psychotherapy
White Privilege Unmasked
How to Be Part of the Solution
Judy RydeThis book explore how white people view cultural differences through a prism of privilege, and how this can impact how they relate to others personally and professionally. The book looks at the history of white privilege, the divisive effects it has on the world, and how white people can practically respond to racism and white privilege. Learn MoreMar 2019, Paperback / softback, 8.98in x 6.06in / 228mm x 154mm, 192pp, CA$29.95ISBN: 9781785924088Mar 2019, Ebook, ePUB, CA$29.95ISBN: 978-1-78450-767-1
The Recovery Mama Guide to Your Eating Disorder Recovery in Pregnancy and Postpartum
Linda Shanti McCabe. Foreword by Carolyn CostinThis book offers friendly, realistic advice to support pregnant women and new mothers struggling with changing body image, eating disorders or postpartum depression. Self-care tips and recovery tools help women let go of social and self-imposed pressures, and embrace being good enough during the massive learning curve of new motherhood. Learn More2019, Paperback / softback, 8.50in x 5.43in / 216mm x 138mm, 208pp, CA$29.95ISBN: 9781785928291
Theorizing Transgender Identity for Clinical Practice
A New Model for Understanding Gender
S.J. LangerFor use in clinical practice with transgender and gender non-conforming clients, this books develops understanding of their developmental trajectory, both before and beyond transition. With chapters on body image, mirroring and attachment, trauma, consciousness and the location of gender, this is an invaluable exploration of gender identity. Learn More2019, Paperback / softback, 8.50in x 5.43in / 216mm x 138mm, 240pp, CA$49.95ISBN: 9781785927652
The Reflective Workbook for Partners of Transgender People
Your Transition as Your Partner Transitions
D. M. MaynardUniquely addressing the needs of partners of transgender people, this self-help workbook supports the journey partners navigate as their partner transitions or questions their gender. Learn More2019, Paperback / softback, 10.87in x 8.90in / 276mm x 226mm, 336pp, CA$35.95ISBN: 97817859277202019, Ebook, ePUB, CA$35.95ISBN: 978-1-78450-672-8
Suicide Prevention Techniques
How a Suicide Crisis Service Saves Lives
Joy HibbinsFocusing on the methods used at a ground-breaking Suicide Crisis Centre which has a zero suicide achievement, this guide offers strategies to help people in suicidal crisis. Founded after the author's own suicidal experience, it challenges the established ways of working in mental health and sets out a new way to provide crisis care. Learn More2018, Paperback / softback, 9.02in x 5.98in / 229mm x 152mm, 144pp, CA$33.95ISBN: 97817859254982018, Ebook, ePUB, CA$33.95ISBN: 978-1-78450-949-1
CBT Doodling for Kids
50 Illustrated Handouts to Help Build Confidence and Emotional Resilience in Children Aged 6–11
Tanja SharpeAn interactive illustrated workbook for professionals working with children aged 6-11. Unique exercises engage children, boost their confidence and help open up conversations when children are struggling to verbalise their thoughts or emotions. This photocopiable book will be an invaluable creative toolkit for professionals working with children. Learn More2018, Paperback / softback, 10.91in x 8.50in / 277mm x 216mm, 112pp, CA$35.95ISBN: 9781785925375
Turning Points in Play Therapy and the Emergence of Self
Applications of the Play Therapy Dimensions Model
Edited by Lorri Yasenik and Ken GardnerGiving examples of how the proven Play Therapy Dimensions model can be applied in a range of clinical settings, this edited book demonstrates the benefits of it. Comprised of case studies and worked examples, fully supported by different theoretical models, this book will be of interest to play therapists and students alike. Learn More2018, Paperback / softback, 9.02in x 5.94in / 229mm x 151mm, 312pp, CA$55.95ISBN: 97817859238832018, Ebook, ePUB, 240pp, CA$55.95ISBN: 978-1-78450-747-3
The Simple Guide to Understanding Shame in Children
What It Is, What Helps and How to Prevent Further Stress or Trauma
Betsy de Thierry. Foreword by Dr Marc Bush, illustrated by Emma ReevesFull of helpful information and advice, this is the perfect introduction for any adult caring for or working with a child who has experienced shame. It explains what shame is, how it affects children and what adults can do to help them overcome it. Learn More2018, Paperback / softback, 7.72in x 6.42in / 196mm x 163mm, 112pp, CA$17.95ISBN: 97817859250542018, Ebook, ePUB, 80pp, CA$17.95ISBN: 978-1-78450-895-1
Motherhood Missed
Stories from Women Who Are Childless by Circumstance
Lois Tonkin. Foreword by Jody DayHonouring women who are childless by circumstance, these first-person stories describe their emotional responses and under-discussed grief. While exploring their sense of loss, the book also presents the hopefulness and positivity of the women interviewed and the alternative routes their lives have taken. Learn More2018, Paperback / softback, 7.72in x 5.12in / 196mm x 130mm, 224pp, CA$24.95ISBN: 97817859233712018, Ebook, ePUB, 224pp, CA$24.95ISBN: 978-1-78450-659-9
A Therapeutic Treasure Deck of Grounding, Soothing, Coping and Regulating Cards
Dr. Karen TreismanA pack of cards and booklet which offers creative ways to explore feelings and develop coping skills with children aged 6+, teens and sults - it addresses common issues including anxiety, stress, low mood, sleep difficulties and emotional dysregulation. Learn More2018, Cards, 6.26in x 4.06in / 159mm x 103mm, CA$45.95ISBN: 9781785925290


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Whatever you are looking for at Railwayscenics we are sure to have plenty to
choose from, including a wide range of accessories for model railways and other
model makers and tools for use in many crafts and hobbies. Our online
dedicated Model Railway Shop allows customers to browse and securely purchase items at
our competitive internet prices. You can safely buy online, and we will be happy to ship wherever
you need it.
Our aim is to make Railwayscenics the place for you to feel inspired, welcome and excited about building all types of model railways. Whether you are just starting out in railway modelling, or you are an expert, Railwayscenics has something for everyone.
We are more than happy to offer customers any advice about model railways that you might need, so if you have any questions call us for more information. We pride ourselves on our great customer service, competitive prices and a constantly updated product range. If there is something that you want, but cannot find, we will be pleased to search our suppliers to see what is available. Our stock currently consists of over 2500 product lines, with a total stock holding of over 40,000 items.
All items listed on the Railwayscenics online store are in stock (as indicated) and are ready for immediate despatch. We will endeavour to despatch all orders received on a weekday by 12.30pm on the same day using your chosen delivery method.
Railwayscenics are committed to providing you with a large selection of products that are available and in stock, at great prices, with super fast deliveries - often next day, all backed up with full support from our helpful and knowledgeable staff. We really pride ourselves on offering a large product selection, excellent product knowledge, and a fast service. If we are fortunate enough to earn your business, we will do everything possible to make sure this is one of the best online retail experiences you have had.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Jul 06, 2018 Jim Franco
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4 hours ago
The #EmpireStatePlaza Farmers Market is looking colorful! Stop by and #ShopLocal until 2p 😍 ... See MoreSee Less
23 hours ago
Today, seven names were added to the EMS Memorial to honor those EMS professionals who lost their lives in the line of duty. Thank you to EMS professionals across the state who work hard for the people of New York every day. 🇺🇸🚑 ... See MoreSee Less
Capital District Transportation Authority - CDTA shared a post.
1 day ago
Exciting news from our friends on the West Coast at TriMet. Could something like this work for CDTA and the Capital Region? Let us know your thoughts. ... See MoreSee Less
It would definitely help for out-of-towners (like myself)
We already have the program in place. It's called the Navigator app.
One problem is not everyone owns a smartphone and the elderly don't know how to use them. How many people use the Navigator card? One problem with CDTA is that it needs to get more people to befriend CDTA on Twitter and Facebook. CDTA has 7375 following them on Facebook while it has 3,030 on twitter while SUNY Albany has 17,373 students and HVCC has 11,640 students. The are 19 colleges and 7 hospitals in the Capital District which means having 10405 following you on either Facebook and Twitter that means if you go by the numbers that means you have only 416 in each college and hospital following you, those are not good numbers.
Did you know our BRT line, BusPlus has free Wi-Fi and makes fewer stops??
Ride today and connect during your commute📱 ... See MoreSee Less
I rode it on a Saturday last year and it was pretty good. Much smoother than what I'm used to in NYC. That said CDTA, more service overall is always nice. 🙂
What about on The #905? Barely it's on, I ride it daily!
1 day ago
#DYK in 2015 22,000 lives were lost to opioid addiction? Prescribed to Death: A Memorial to the Victims of the Opioid Crisis is on view at the #EmpireStatePlaza near the Base of the Egg.
Exhibit Hours:
May 21 & 22 | 8a – 6p
May 23 | 8a-5p ... See MoreSee Less
Surely those deaths were caused by taking the prescribed amount of the medication.
Samantha Marie Scott 💔
Most of those deaths came from taking the prescribed medicine away from the addicts they created leaving them to unsafe street drugs. Doctors must screen for and treat addiction before cutting patients off pain killers. Legislators need to stay out of medicine. Dictating when and how long pain killers should be given scared doctors and helped cause this crisis.
Capital District Transportation Authority - CDTA is at Omni Louisville Hotel.
1 day ago
CDTA Board Member and American Public Transportation Association Board Chair David Stackrow kicking off day two of the Mobility Conference with the Bus Safety & Security Awards Ceremony. Congratulations to our friends at NFTA on receiving a certificate of merit for their safety initiatives. ... See MoreSee Less
The Spinney at Pond View added 4 new photos.
4 weeks ago
Activities that our residents participated in this year! ... See MoreSee Less
A great party
The Spinney at Van Dyke shared a post.
1 month ago
This is a great reminder for all of our residents! Stop by Bethlehem Senior Projects, Inc. at the Bethlehem Town Hall to get a File of Life for your refrigerator - it may greatly help in a time of need. ... See MoreSee Less
Bethlehem Senior Projects, Inc.FILE OF LIFE is an emergency information resource which enables medical personnel to obtain a quick medical history when a patient is unable to offer one.
Thanks for sharing this important information with your residents!
The Spinney at Van Dyke added a new photo — at The Spinney at Van Dyke.
2 months ago
Residents enjoying a spring concert in the Clubhouse! Happy Spring Equinox! ... See MoreSee Less
2 months ago
This morning we announced a special promotion for all of our residents! Refer a friend, family member, or colleague to The Spinney at Van Dyke for a $500 credit towards your ledger at The Spinney. Referrals are unlimited for all Spinney at Van Dyke residents. Stop into the Leasing Office to learn more about the program while it lasts! ... See MoreSee Less


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European Commission
Brussels, 9 April 2014
Undeclared work: Commission proposes a new Platform to improve prevention and deterrence – frequently asked questions
(see also IP/14/387 and MEMO/14/272)
How would the Platform work?
The proposed Platform would be composed of Member States' national enforcement authorities, such as labour inspectorates, tax and social security authorities, plus the European Commission. The Platform would, for the first time, bring together the relevant authorities of all Member States. EU level social partners (employers and employees organisations), representatives of the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound), the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) and the International Labour Organisation (ILO) would be invited to participate as observers.
Each Member State would be invited to nominate one single point of contact. It would have to liaise with all other enforcement authorities, whose work has a link with undeclared work, within a Member State. Different authorities could be invited to participate in the meetings or contribute to the different tasks if it involves their fields of competence.
The Platform would work in cooperation with other relevant EU level expert groups and committees, whose work has a link with undeclared work. These are, in particular, the Senior Labour Inspectors Committee (SLIC), the Expert Committee on Posting of Workers, the Administrative Commission for Social Security Coordination, the Employment Committee (EMCO), the Social Protection Committee (SPC) and the Working Group on Administrative Cooperation in the Field of Taxation.
The Platform would work on the basis of two-year work programmes, which would set out its detailed tasks. The Platform would also regularly inform the European Parliament and the EU's Council of Ministers about its activities.
What would the Platform do?
The Platform would tackle matters related to undeclared work in a holistic way, covering all aspects (labour law, labour inspections, health and safety, social security, tax, migration etc.) related to the phenomenon. This means that it would not be limited, for example, to health and safety issues, but would look at the whole range of measures designed to tackle its different aspects.
Exchange of best practices would be the first practical step of the cooperation. It would improve the knowledge and help to develop a better understanding about how undeclared work is tackled and who the main actors are in Member States. To make best use of this exchange, a Eurofound database could be developed further, by adding and updating different enforcement measures taken by Member States.
These exchanges of best practice could lead to the development of common guidelines and principles to help inspection authorities to tackle undeclared work more effectively.
In addition, the Platform could adopt regional and EU wide strategies and organise campaigns. This kind of activities would help to increase awareness of the problem, draw people's attention to the negative consequences and advise how to avoid working undeclared.
The Platform would develop more elaborate forms of cooperation as mutual trust and experience build up. The Platform could undertake joint training and exchange of staff, and coordinate cross-border operational actions, including joint inspections. These activities would have real practical value to Member States as personal contacts would be established, cooperation between different authorities would be strengthened and experiences would be shared. This would lead to a more effective fight against undeclared work, especially regarding its cross-border aspects.
To help Member States' enforcement authorities to tackle cross-border aspects of undeclared work, the Platform could also identify solutions for data sharing as well as develop other tools that could help liaise better with other Member States.
Why is bogus self-employment covered by the proposal?
The abuse of the status of self-employed, either at national level or in cross-border situations, is frequently associated with undeclared work. Bogus self-employment occurs when a person, whose work fulfils all the criteria that are used by national law and practice to characterise an employment relationship, is registered as self-employed instead of employed. This is done in order to avoid certain obligations arising from laws and practices applicable to employees, such as labour regulations and the payment of taxes or social security contributions.
The negative consequences to health and safety and social security coverage of the workers concerned, as well as on tax revenue, can be quite similar to those of undeclared work. In addition, as a means to avoid social security contributions and labour regulations, bogus self-employment creates unfair competition between companies. These self-employed persons can provide cheaper services due to the fact that they pay less tax and do not have to comply, for instance, with obligations arising from working conditions regulations.
Bogus self-employment is therefore falsely declared work and the Platform should explore the links between undeclared work and bogus self-employment and help Member States in their efforts to tackle such abuse.
Why does the Commission propose to establish a new body?
When preparing the proposal the Commission carried out a thorough impact assessment. It analysed several options for improving cooperation at EU level in the prevention and deterrence of undeclared work. The establishment of a European Platform as a new body including all Member States was considered to be the best choice. It would allow for the topic of undeclared work to be discussed for the first time in a holistic way, by covering all its aspects (labour law, labour inspections, health and safety, social security, tax, migration etc.) and by inviting all relevant enforcement authorities to participate in the discussions. An option of creating a new EU decentralised agency was considered, but was discarded given the administration costs entailed in establishing a new agency.
Has the EU any competence to deal with undeclared work? What is the legal basis?
The challenges faced, such as the negative impact of undeclared work on the economy and the society, the difficulties in tackling cross-border forms of undeclared work, the trade-off between appropriate levels of taxation/regulation and the need to avoid encouraging employers to resort to undeclared work, and the lack of cooperation between different enforcement authorities, are common to all Member States.
The EU has the competence to complement national action in the field of undeclared work based on Social Policy articles in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). In particular, Article 151 TFEU stipulates that the Union and the Member States "shall have as their objectives the promotion of employment, improved living and working conditions, […] proper social protection, […] with the view to lasting high employment and the combating of social exclusion." Article 153 TFEU lists the fields where the Union shall support and complement the activities of the Member States, which include working conditions, integration of persons excluded from the labour market and combating social exclusion. The proposal on enhanced EU cooperation in deterrence and prevention of undeclared work is based on Article 153 (2) (a) TFEU, which allows for the European Parliament and the Council to adopt measures designed to encourage cooperation between Member States through initiatives aimed at improving knowledge, developing exchanges of information and best practices, promoting innovative approaches and evaluating experiences, excluding any harmonisation of the laws and regulations of the Member States.
The EU action enhancing cooperation at EU level would support the efforts of Member States in the deterrence and prevention of undeclared work by making it more effective and efficient. It thereby adds value to Member States' actions. The proposal thereby complies with the principle of subsidiarity. The proposal complies with the proportionality principle since it is a measure designed to encourage cooperation between Member States without any harmonisation of the laws and regulations of the Member States and without preventing the application of bilateral agreements or arrangements concerning administrative cooperation.
Why should all Member States participate?
Participation of all Member States is a crucial element of the Platform. If some Member States failed to participate, this would greatly diminish the value of the EU level action. In particular, the participation of all Member States is necessary because:
Why is the Commission not establishing an Agency?
The Commission decided that it would be premature at this moment to propose to establish an Agency. What needs to be done first is to set up cooperation between Member States' relevant enforcement authorities in order to establish a common understanding of the phenomenon and build up mutual trust.
In addition, the establishment of an Agency was considered to be unsuitable as it would take quite a long time to set up and it would require considerably higher financing than the Platform. As the problems caused by undeclared work are urgent, there is the need to act now.
Furthermore, the Platform would cooperate with two existing European Agencies whose work has links with undeclared work: Eurofound and European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound is an agency which provides knowledge to assist the EU in the development of social and work-related policies. It has also carried out studies on undeclared work. EU-OSHA works in the field of health and safety. It raises awareness, designs practical tools to assess workplace risks and identifies and assesses new and emerging risks at work. It covers the health and safety aspects of undeclared work.
What would it cost? Would Member States receive financial support?
The legislative proposal is budget-neutral and does not require additional staff resources. Funding would come from the PROGRESS strand of the EU Programme for Employment and Social Innovation ("EaSI"). An indicative amount of €2.1 million per year is foreseen for carrying out the tasks, such as the establishment of practical tools, support by service providers, publishing of common guidelines and principles, and handbooks, developing a permanent training capacity and a common framework for carrying out joint trainings, organising peer reviews and European Campaigns. In addition, grants to finance projects supporting the achievement of the objectives of the Platform would be covered. Up to €224 000 per year would be used to reimburse the costs related to participation in the Platform meetings. In addition, the European Social Fund (ESF) supports Member States' efforts to improve the quality of public administration and governance and, by doing so, promote their structural reforms. Member States are encouraged to use the ESF to reinforce the capacity of their national authorities in tackling undeclared work.
What is the link between the proposed Platform on Undeclared Work and the Proposal for an Enforcement Directive on Posting of Workers?
The Platform aims to contribute to the fight against undeclared work also in the context of posting.It therefore complements the activities that are taken in the framework of the original Posting of Workers Directive 96/71/EC and the Proposal for an Enforcement Directive. In particular, in cases where workers are falsely declared as posted from one country to another, the activities of the Platform would contribute to detecting fraud and guaranteeing the enforcement of workers' rights.
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Would you like to have this name? (:
Posted 14 September 2013 - 09:42 AM
What I'm worried about is that if it were in fact a girl and we did choose this name, what her opinion of it would be. So I would love opinions on what you thought of this name and also if it were your name would you love it or hate it?
Another thing is that the last name would be Vaughan. So how do you think Vera Vaughan sounds? I personally thought that it flowed very nicely and I love the way that it sounds and so does my boyfriend. So what do you all think? Thanks!
#2 Guest_The High Heel Girl_*
Posted 14 September 2013 - 10:17 AM
Posted 14 September 2013 - 10:29 AM
Posted 14 September 2013 - 03:24 PM
Posted 15 September 2013 - 07:07 AM
Posted 16 September 2013 - 07:08 AM
Posted 16 September 2013 - 08:11 AM
I love the name Vera! Only problem is, I just google'd the name Vera Vaughan (as I do with every name on here before I reply) and I found that Vera Vaughn is the name of a..uhhmm, not someone you want your child to be associated with kind of "star."
Mmm, I mean I guess maybe you can put a good association to the name. Heck I'd have never known unless I googled - which I doubt most people would. But still, its good to keep in mind.
I really like Vera as a name though! Its very sweet You could do a double first name maybe, if you'd like? Vera-Jane Vaughn? Maybe something like that?
Posted 16 September 2013 - 12:37 PM
Addy: I had no idea about that! I guess I should have looked up the name sooner. It does bum me out a bit, but then again not too much because I have fallen in love with the name! (:
Remy: I do absolutely love Vera- Jane Vaughan! (: Vera- Jane sounds sweet and classy to me. So far the only name we actually loved was Vera Elisabeth Vaughan. But Vera- Jane is definitely a new contender!
Posted 16 September 2013 - 02:27 PM
Posted 16 September 2013 - 05:48 PM
I think it is classic and love it!
Posted 18 September 2013 - 08:45 AM
Posted 25 September 2013 - 12:02 PM
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How To Become The Singer Of Your Dreams...
Part 9: The 3 Laws Of Becoming A Singer
Click The Play Button ^^
How Aaron's Superior Singing Method Can Help You Become The Singer Of Your Dreams!
The Superior Singing Method system gives you over 31 dynamic vocal training exercises and techniques, divided into the following modules:
- Module 1: Unique Vocal Warm Up Exercises
- Module 2: Breath Management and Diaphragm Breathing
- Module 3: Mastering Vocal Tone
- Module 4: Improving Pitch
- Module 5: Resonance and Singing With Power
- Module 6: The Mix Voice and Singing Higher Notes
- Module 7: Improving Vocal Agility
- Module 8: Advanced Strengthening and Vocal Techniques
Aaron Anastasi
Singing Coach
I've helped over 10,000 singers improve their voice. Amateur singers and professional recording artists have experienced major breakthroughs with my singing course.


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eBay tag
1 result(s) displayed for eBay (1 - 1 of 1):
Yoga Poses for the Network Operator
By Amanda Noz, Marketing Director, Alcatel-Lucent
Yoga has been in the news lately and for network operator strategists, who may be feeling more like pretzels than yogis as they try to twist this way and that to accommodate rapid changes in the value chain, the idea of letting go of strict control over their networks and opening up to a world of potential security threats is anything but relaxing. Yet network operators who ignore these changes, risk falling out of the whole chain of innovation and in the process, defaulting to a commodity utility business, rather than maximizing their revenue streams as innovative and differentiated customer experience providers.
So how do you bring these two opposing views into alignment?
Today network operators who operate the broadband data networks (wireline and wireless) have thinner margins than in the past, while at the same time; all kinds of new players are making money by creating new applications that we did not even know we needed to run on the networks. Innovation brings disruption and disruption brings opportunities and threats. It transforms application and content value chains.


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Model Information
Hatch and Cargo Cover
Content may not apply to all models. Consult your owner's manual for specific information about your vehicle.
Cargo Cover/Closing the Hatch
Every CR-Z comes with a retractable cargo cover that can be positioned to accommodate even the bulkiest items. A rear cargo console allows you to store smaller items. To help prevent fingerprints on the outside when closing the hatch, CR-Z provides a handle inside the hatch. Follow the steps in the video to see how easy both features are to use.
Need more help? Contact your local Honda Dealer for assistance.


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The rapid proliferation of mobile devices entering the workplace feels like divine intervention to many IT leaders. It's as if a voice boomed down from the mountain ordering all of the employees you support to procure as many devices as possible and connect them to corporate services en masse. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) was born and employees followed with fervor.
There's no sense pretending it isn't happening or saying, "We don't let our employees do that." The truth is, they're doing it already and will continue to burrow noncompliant devices into your network with or without your permission. Forrester's study of U.S. information workers revealed that 37 percent are doing something with technology before formal permissions or policies are instituted. Further, a Gartner CIO survey determined that 80 percent of employees will be eligible to use their own equipment with employee data on board by 2016.
This raises the inevitable question: How will you support work force desire to use personal apps and devices while allowing them to be productive in a secure environment that protects corporate data? The Ten Commandments of BYOD, developed by MaaS360, show you how to create a peaceful, secure and productive mobile environment.
Related Topics : HTC, Broadcom, Nortel, Data Loss Prevention, Mobile Search
Wearables are revolutionizing the workplace, with innovations that create a safer work environment or enhance the way professionals are able to go about their job. ... More >>
With the consumerization of AR, it appears the technology is finally within arm's reach for those savvy enterprises willing to reach out and grab it. ... More >>
Apple has announced the next generation of its popular smart devices, including the iPhone 7, iPhone 7 Plus and Watch Series 2. ... More >>


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This guide explains how to build a simple USB Analogue Joystick with optional accessibility switch sockets for use with PCs and Macs.
On a Windows PC the functions of this controller can be set to any mouse or keyboard function using JoyToKey. All kinds of functions can be assigned to the buttons including latching, auto-fire and profile switching. Using a Windows PC and Cronus Max adapter this can also be used on the Playstation 3, Xbox 360 and Xbox One as is or with additional controls.
If you're an absolute beginner, we strongly recommend that you follow "The Basic Soldering Guide" - by Alan Winstanley.
SAFETY: Always use DIY equipment under responsible supervision where appropriate, and disconnect power when not in use. These adaptations are at your own risk. Good luck!
Most of the basic components used here are commonly available from Electronics stores such as Maplin Electronics and Farnell. The Ultra-Stik 360 is available from Ultimarc along with the free configuration software.
The Ultramap utility which you can download freely from Ultimarc allows you to change the function of the joystick. Choose "Analog" for compatibility with JoyToKey and additional switch sockets. Choose "Mouse" if you'd like the joystick to act as a mouse pointer alone.
This is a good time to work out where UP and DOWN are on your joystick. Mark or Scribe the UP position onto the base of the joystick to help you later.
Drilling holes neatly needs time and patience at this stage:
Joystick (1x 15mm main hole and 4x 3mm mounting holes): Measure to the precise centre of the top of the box then make a pilot hole. Drill a 15mm hole in the dead centre of the top of the box (you may need a corded drill for a drill bit this size or an adapter). Next use four bits of blue-tack to position your joystick as centrally as you can. Mark four pilot holes through the underside and drill 4x 3mm holes.
USB cable exit hole (4mm): Make a pilot hole for the USB wire to fit through at the bottom rear of the box. Drill a 4mm hole. Use small files to ensure that there's enough room for the cable with the lid fitted.
Optional Switch Sockets: Make pilot holes for your 1-8 switch sockets then drill 7.5mm holes for each (if using Pro-Signal sockets). I find using a bit of blue-tack helps me line the sockets up as I want them.
Secure the joystick using 4x M3 nuts and bolts with washers. Tighten using pliers and a screw-driver ensuring that the joystick is as central as possible, with no restiction when you move it in all directions. Consider hot-glueing the nuts into position when finished.
Connect the USB cable to the Ultra-Stik PCB and then secure the cable to the case using a "P-clip" as pictured.
Up to eight on/off switches or switch sockets can be directly wired to the PCB. The five pins nearest the outer edge of the PCB from left-to-right are GND, 2, 4, 6, 7. The pins below them are 1, 3, 5, 8.
If using the Ultimarc connector, the colours are likely:
You can quickly test these using the Joystick controller utility in Windows (see Testing below).
Optionally hot-glue your wiring in place to give extra strength to the connection.
Fit some velcro on the base of the joystick and/or feet to increase the stability. I recommend Maxcess or Trabasack mount systems.
Hold the Windows key + "S", type "USB", click on "Setup USB game controllers, then double-click on 'Ultimarc Ultra-Stik Player 1'). Test your joystick and buttons are functioning correctly. Inspect your soldering if there are problems. Try reprogramming the joystick as something else, then back to "Analogue" via the Ultimarc utility if there are any USB connection faults.
Use JoyToKey to test and reprogramme your joystick to act as mouse/keyboard. Use a Titan adapter to use on other consoles. Contact OneSwitch for more help.
D.I.Y. Text and images PUBLIC DOMAIN 2014, 2018 - www.OneSwitch.org.uk


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[Page 336]
|Yitzchak (Isaac) Weinshenker
The writer Yehuda Steinberg lived in Yedinitz at the end of the 19th century. According to one version of the story, he arrived in town as a family teacher in the home of one of the wealthy members of the community, and according to another version, he opened his own private school similar to other schools or cheders existing in town in those days.
|Yehuda Steinberg
[Page 341]
|Menashe Halpern
[Page 345]
The period between the outbreak of the Revolution and the disturbances at the end of 1917, the great writer and allegorist Eliezer Steinberg was called on to serve as a teacher at the Talmud Torah located at the Zionist synagogue in Yedinitz, Sha'arei Zion.
|Eliezer Steinberg
[Page 347]
More than ten years have passed since Y. L. Grozman, the famous writer and journalist, editor and publisher of the literary journal Der Spiegel [The Mirror], died in Argentina. Something is hard to believe and does not make sense i.e. that Leibele Grozman, the always-ebullient sparkling cloud, is no longer among us.
|Yehuda Leib and Miriam Grozman
[Page 351]
|The headline of Der Spiegel, published by Y.L. Grozman
The date indicated is January-February 1959 after his return from a study trip to Israel. This edition also indicates the 30th anniversary of the weekly newspaper.
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
the translation. The reader may wish to refer to the original material
for verification.
JewishGen is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and cannot rewrite or edit the text to correct inaccuracies and/or omissions.
Our mission is to produce a translation of the original work and we cannot verify the accuracy of statements or alter facts cited.
Yedintsy, Moldova Yizkor Book Project JewishGen Home Page
Copyright © 1999-2019 by JewishGen, Inc.
Updated 25 July 2003 by LA


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Friday, May 24, 2019
Updated: Thursday, January 26, 2006
|Past and present with six associate members
Mijanul Akbar
Associate members Vs Bangladesh: Head-to-head match up
The ICC recently announced that the top six ICC associates of Kenya, Scotland, Ireland, Canada, Bermuda and the Netherlands will all have ODI match status whenever they play each other or a Full member. I was keen to see how did Bangladesh do against them, how far they have progressed and what chances we have against them.
I will go down the list of nations alphabetically and have broken down each country analysis into three stages:
Win-Loss-Draw 1-1-0.
Bangladesh has faced Bermuda twice in ICC Trophy. They are going to face the same nation again in the 2007 World Cup. Their current coach is Gus Logie, the ex-West Indies batsman.
ICC Trophy 1982 vs Bermuda: Embarrassment
The first meeting was in 1982 and Bangladesh had one of their most embarrassing losses against them. Bangladesh were all out at 67. Only Nazim Shirazi scored 26 and extra with 11 was the next highest scorer. No one else made it into double figures.
ICC Trophy 1990 vs Bermuda: Avenging the loss
In the 1990 ICC Trophy, Bangladesh faced the same team again and avenged the loss. Minhajul Abedin Nannu and Aminul Islam Bulbul played wonderfully with bat and ball. They won by 36 runs.
Bangladesh has moved on to bigger and better status. Bermuda has made it to the 2007 World Cup. In 2004, Bermuda beat Barbados and had WI (167 in 50 overs; Lara played) on the ropes. Dwayne Leverock is their strike bowler who can also bat a little. However their batting lineup is vulnerable against pace.
Comparing talent, experience and resources Bangladesh has a huge advantage. Even though the 2007 World Cup will be held in their own backyard, Bangladesh should prevail with a decent margin if not with a thumping victory. West Indian Gus Logie, the mesmerizing fielder, is their head coach and should prepare them well.
Win-Loss-Draw 0-2-1
1997 ICC Trophy vs Ireland: Abandoned
The 1997 ICC Trophy's second round match between Ireland and Bangladesh match was abandoned. Bangladesh had them 129 all out and galloped to 24/0 in 6.4 overs before the rain interruption.
More recently, Bangladesh beat Ireland twice in 2004 during their England tour.
At Belfast in 2004: Nail biting win
This was an unusual yet nail biting game. Ireland batted first and made 179 in 32 overs before a rain interruption. Bangladesh had to score 206 in 32 overs which they managed with 2 wickets remaininf thanks to a scintillating century from Nafis Iqbal.
At Limavady in 2004: Easy victory
Bangladesh batted first and was in trouble with 116 for 6 at one stage. Then Khaled Mashud (51 notout) and Mohhammad Rafique (42) took them to a respectable 231. Ireland folded at 177 (46.3 overs). Mahmud took four wickets and Tapas Baisya three.
Ireland beat Kenya in the ICC Continental Cup final in October 2005. They have improved but should not possess any threat to Bangladesh's dominance over them if they meet again.
There are no meetings scheduled between the two countries. Bangladesh should have the upper hand.
Win-Loss-Draw 2-1-0
They have caused the most heart-breaking set back in Bangladesh's short cricketing history. Bangladesh has lost to Canada twice.
1979 ICC Trophy vs. Canada at Litchfield: 49 run loss
The first one dates back to Bangladesh's first ICC Trophy tour.
1990 ICC Trophy vs. Canada: Easy win
Then in 1990 Bangladesh beat them easily by 117 runs showing the great strides Bangladesh has made in a decade. Nurul Abedin scored a century and Bangladesh reached 265/6 in 60 overs. The bowlers took care of the rest.
2003 WC vs. Canada: Heartbreaking Loss
Then came the 2003 World Cup. With internal bickering and an unfit coaching staff, we hit the lowest point of our cricketing history. Bangladesh could not even come close to their 180 and folded to 120 all out in just 28 overs.
Canada has been active of late recently. Their U-19 team finished 2nd at the U-19 World Cup qualifiers behind USA. At the Intercontinental Cup finals they lost to Scotland by an innings and 84 runs in a 3 day match. Earlier in the same competition, the drew a very high scoring affair with the Emirates in the semis. They almost beat Bermuda in another 3-day match. Bermuda held on to 221/9 for a draw chasing 394. On the ODI frontier, they are the best in America. They handily won all the games and the championship at the Americas Cricket Championship at Bermuda.
Ian Billcliff, captain John Davison and Desmond Chumney are the ones to watch. There are no current plans for them to play Bangladesh. I am confident that if Bangladesh plays Canada again in the near future, the word "revenge" will be written all over the place.
Win-Loss-Draw 4-2-0
Bangladesh has faced Holland six times and have a losing record. This is very sad indeed. Bangladesh only won the 1982 and 1997 ICC Trophy matches while they lost the 1985, 1990 and 1994 ICC Trophy and the 1997 ICC Trophy warm-up matches.
1982 ICC Trophy vs Holland: Win
1985 Tour Match vs. Holland: Loss
1990 ICC Trophy vs. Holland: Lost. A 161 run thrashing
1994 ICC Trophy vs. Holland: Loss
1997 ICC warmup match vs Holland: Loss by 5 wicktes.
1997 ICC Trophy vs Holland: Win
In the 2003 World Cup, they beat Namibia but lost to them the following year. In 2004, they lost to Ireland by an innings and 47 runs and drew with Scotland in a 3-day matche. But they did do well against a full strength Warwickshire (Bell, Streak, Knight all played) and lost by only 23 runs in a 50 over match. van Bunge, van Troost, Kloppenburg, Reekers are quality batsmen. They do have a domestic cricket infrastructure but that only comprises of one-day competitions.
The ICC Intercontinental Cup tie against Kenya is scheduled for early 2006, but that may be pushed back because of Kenya's upcoming tour of Bangladesh. If I am not mistaken, Bangladesh will play a warm up match against the Netherlands right before the 2007 World Cup. I expect nothing but a Bangladesh win.
Win-Loss-Draw 8-4-0
Their record against Bangladesh is very impressive. Tikolo and Odumbe have scripted many victories against Bangladesh.
Bangladesh won in the 1986, 1990, 1997 (finals) ICC Trophy matches against Kenya. They also beat Kenya in 1998. On the other hand Kenya have won in 1994, 1997, 1998, 1997/98 (2 matches), 1998/99 (2 matches), and in the 2003 World Cup. In that World Cup, Kenya proved that they were far superior to Bangladesh going all the way to the semis. I will highlight a couple of Bangladesh's matches versus Kenya.
1997 ICC Trophy final vs Kenya: Win.
This win led to Bangladesh to their first ever World Cup and the eventual ascension as a Test playing nation.
2003 WC vs Kenya: Loss to a rampant Kenya
Bangladesh and Kenya went different ways during this World Cup. While Bangladesh crashed out of the preliminary stages that included a horrific loss to Canada, Kenya went all the way to the semi-finals with wins over Canada, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Zimbabwe.
However, since the world cup, Kenya has had very little competition while Bangladesh has gained valuable experience. Bangladesh's talent pool has broadened while Kenya basically still relies upon Tikolo's batting. Their coach Sandeep Patil also left after the 2003 World Cup. Their current coach is Mudassar Nazar.
Hopefully in March of 2006, Kenya will visit Bangladesh for a few games and we can witness a sound beating by Bangladesh. That should help to narrow the win-loss gap between us.
Win-Loss-Draw 1-2-0
Scotland has improved dramatically in the last fifteen months, but the main architect of their success stories , coach Andy Moles, has been ousted by their senior players and board.
1997 Semi-finals vs Scotland: Win by 72 runs.
Khaled Mashud contributed 70 of the team's total of 243 while Mohammad Rafique (4) and Enamul Haq (3) shared seven wickets amongst them.
In September 2004, Bangladesh had a 2-match tour of Scotland.
Sep 1st, 2004 vs Scotts: Convincing win
Bangladesh won the first match convincingly. Scotland were all out for 142. Khaled Mahmud got 3 wickets and Tarek Aziz gave away a measly 23 runs in his 10 overs while removing both openers cheaply.
Sep 3, 2004 vs Scotts: High scoring loss
Bangladesh lost the second one after having scored 259. Tapash Baisya and Tariq Aziz giving away 74 and 61 runs may not have helped our cause. It is disappointing that we could not defend a total of 259.
Last season, Scotland beat two sides in the National League (England), tied with another and won all seven games in the ICC Trophy. They certainly are no pushovers. However, I am certain they can not play spin well. Lockhart, Watson and Watts are the player to watch.
We should beat them very handily now as we have progressed more than any associate members.
Last thoughts
Our records are not favorable against these six associate countries. But have to point out that most of our losses are from the 80's and 90's. Bangladesh is now a Test playing nation and have started to show glimpses of greater things. They are more experienced than any of the six nations mentioned here. Last year they won their first Test and ODI series. Bangladesh has registered wins against the likes of India (2004) and Australia (2005). The future is full of hope. All they have to do is perform consistently.
|© All Rights Reserved


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New Product Alert: C.O. Bigelow Mentha Body Collection
One of C.O. Bigelow's most popular products is its Mentha Lip Shine (and since Fab is a fan, you know it's good stuff). This week, the apothecary is introducing Mentha Body, a collection of mint-infused soaps, creams and lotions. I got a sneak peek at the products and I like them quite a bit. The fresh, invigorating scent is reminiscent of a candy cane, but it's not so overwhelming that you'll walk around smelling like one of Santa's little helpers. For a rundown of my favorite products, and to find out why guys will like them too, read more
I tried a few items from this line, and I would recommend them for anyone who likes to "wake up" in the shower rather than wind down. My favorite was the exfoliating soap ($7.50), a bar soap with crushed walnut shells to exfoliate dead skin. (If you're not a fan of bar soaps, you might like the Smoothing Body Buffer ($14), which uses sugar crystals to slough away flakes and dull skin.) I also liked Vitamin Body Lotion ($14). It's a good moisturizer for average skin; I keep it at my desk so I can keep my paws soft throughout the day. And then there's the Vitamin Body Wash. I had mixed feelings on this one. The scent is wonderful and it's a big pick-me-up when I'm sleepily showering in the morning. But, like so many minty products, you really don't want to use this stuff on the, er, sensitive body parts. So just be careful with it around your nether regions.
Overall, the Mentha Body line is great to stock in the shower—especially if you live with a guy roommate, a boyfriend or a husband. The fragrance is minty, and in my completely unscientific test, it pleases the male beast. After I quietly put this in the shower, a freshly washed Mr. Bella specifically mentioned that he liked the body wash. The body wash is launching with a special promotional price of $5, which is reasonable, so why not give it a whirl?


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This is a book review of Ibn El-Heysem ve Yeni Optik (Ibn al-Haytham and the New Optics) by Huseyin Gazi Topdemir published in 2008 in Turkish as the first book of a series on scientific leaders of the east. The book introduces the scientific works and achievements of Ibn al-Haytham who lived in the 11th century and is regarded as a pioneer in the field of optics. The author talks extensively about his principal book titled Kitab al-Manazir (The Book of Optics) and discusses the great extent of his influence on the Muslim and Western worlds.
Ruveyda Ozturk*
Table of Contents
1. Prologue
2. Introducing Ibn al-Haytham and His Work
3. Ibn al-Haytham's Intellectual Legacy
4. Reflexsions on Scientific Methodology
5. The Mathematical Investigation of the World
6. Concluding Remarks
7. Table of Contents of the Book
8. Resources and Further Reading
* * *
Review of Ibn El-Heysem ve Yeni Optik (Ibn al-Haytham and the New Optics) by Huseyin Gazi Topdemir (in Turkish). Ankara: Lotus Publishing, 2008. Soft cover: 155 pages; ISBN- 13: 975-6665503; 16 x 24.
The full name of our scientist is Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn al-Hasan Ibn al-Haytham al-Basrî al-Misrî (965-1041). In medieval Europe, he was known as "Alhazen" (Latin form of "al-Hasan"). He was born in Basra, Iraq. He was a great mathematician, astronomer, physicist, and the founder of experimental science. He supported the results of his experiments with strong proofs. He began his scientific career in Iraq, where he envisaged the construction of a high dam on the river Nile near Aswan to regulate its waters. When the Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim (996-1021) heard about this project, he invited Ibn al-Haytham to Egypt, where firsthand observation convinced our scholar that such a construction was impossible. He then simulated madness and was put under house arrest until al-Hakim's death. After 1021, under the following Fatimid caliphs al-Zahir (1021-10367 and al-Mustansir (1036-1049), he recovered liberty and pursued his scientific activies.
Figure 1: Front cover of Ibn El-Heysem ve Yeni Optik by Huseyin Gazi Topdemir (Lotus Publishing, 2008).
Ibn al-Haytham was possibly the first to classify all even perfect numbers (i.e., numbers equal to the sum of their proper divisors) as those of the form 2k - 1(2k - 1) where 2k - 1 is a prime number. He also stated Wilson's theorem: If p is prime, then 1 + (p - 1)! is divisible by p (where "!" denotes the factorial function). It is called Wilson's theorem because of a comment by Waring in 1770 that the English mathematician John Wilson (1741–1793) had noticed the result. There is no evidence that Wilson knew how to prove it. It was Lagrange who gave the first known proof of the statement in 1771.
2. Introducing Ibn al-Haytham and his work
The number of written resources available in Turkish on one of the greatest scientists of all times, Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), is significantly limited and as such this work fills in a large gap by providing the readers with a wholesome text that sets out his major achievements and everlasting legacy. Ibn al-Haytham is renowned throughout the history of science as the 'father of optics' for his brilliant contributions way ahead of his time which sometimes overshadow his many other important accomplishments, including the development of valuable experimental methods. The main purpose of this book is to introduce the life, works and scientific successes of "the greatest optician of all times" in eight detailed and comprehensive chapters.
Figure 2: Diagram of the physiology of the eye. Ibn al-Haytham's studies of the eye gave the first modern understanding of lens, retina and optic nerve, as well as the mechanics of vision and perception. (Source).
In the first chapter of the book of Huseyin Gazi Topdemir, which outlines Ibn al-Haytham's growing devotion to science through time, Ibn al-Haytham is characterised as one of the main contributors to the development of science in the Classic Islamic World, highlighted by his significant efforts in acquiring and mastering the prominent contributions of Ancient Greek science and philosophy. Due to his father's high position within the government, he received a high quality education, allowing him to become exceptionally well in conceptual and practical sciences and earning him the title of engineer in his earlier years. He traveled to a number of places and carried on his observations and studies in several Islamic countries, further expanding his knowledge base and common understanding. One of the earliest projects he undertook upon the orders of the Fatimid Caliph in Egypt Al-Hakim is the construction of a barrier that would stop the Nile River from overflowing. Even though he was unsuccessful in achieving this, the reasons of this failure remaining obscure, the models he developed were quite extraordinary and involved fine engineering.
Figure 3: The visual system according to Ibn al-Haytham. This diagram of the two eyes seen from above, shows the principal tunics and humours and the optic nerves connecting the eyeballs to the brain. (Source).
Huseyin Gazi Topdemir notes that Ibn al-Haytham spent a significant part of his life in Cairo copying scientific texts and earned his living by reproducing them. As a result, he had an enormous knowledge base and was directly aware of almost all previous scientific studies. In parallel, Ibn al-Haytham carried out imperative studies in optics but also made substantial findings in other scientific fields, including astronomy and geometry and has left behind a number of significant works. His most prominent publication was Kitab al-Manazir (The Book of Optics), one of the most original scientific text of all times. This book was published in a number of different languages starting with Latin and left an extraordinary impact on Middle Age Europe and onwards. It has been an important source of reference and inspiration for many scientists within the field of optics. In this book, Ibn al-Haytham successfully rejected well-established ancient beliefs by using creative thought and criticising the works and findings of his predecessors, establishing a bridge between Ancient Greek knowledge and Middle Age Latin Science. He developed a number of new theories by undertaking independent studies instead of using prior works as authority to provide basis and proof.
Figure 4: Four stamps on Ibn al-Haytham and his work issued by Qatar in 1971, Pakistan in 1969, by Jordan in 1971 and Malawi in 2008. (Source).
Hüseyin Gazi Topdemir states that Ibn al-Haytham demonstrated admirable courage and determination in deeply analysing the works of other highly regarded scientists like Aristotle, Euclid and Ptolemy and by being able to point out their mistakes. One of the main aspects which distinguished him from other scientists of his time was that he directed his focus to one specific field instead of keeping a wide array of study interests. Most of his studies in other fields were related to his optics studies and did not evolve around making new discoveries or providing further proof for a finding. For example, in investigating the refraction of light, he analysed the reasons behind the refraction of light in the atmosphere and as a result obtained the pre-requisite knowledge on astronomy. Another example of his optics related findings includes the discovery of the geometrical problem known as the Alhazen's problem which aimed to prove that light rays which approach the light axis parallel will meet at one point on the axis in dinted mirrors. The author explain this problem with this equation: H (x2-y2)-2Kxy+(x2+y2) (hy-kx)=0.
As a result of his keen focus on this field, he became the most prominent figure in the history of optics until the 17th century and his findings changed the science of optics radically.
Figure 5: The crater Alhazen on the surface of the moon (Lat: 15.9°N, Long: 71.8°E, Diam: 32 km, Depth: 2.17 km) named after Ibn al-Haytham. (Source). See FSTC, http://MuslimHeritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=815Illustrious Names in the Heavens: Arabic and Islamic Names of the Moon Craters.
The second chapter of the book entitled 'Doctor Mirabilis' shows the influence of Ibn al-Haytham on well-known scientists following him. Topdemir puts forward that Roger Bacon, who was identified as a Doctor Mirabilis (Exceptional Scientist) of the Middle Ages obtained most of his ideas on light and sight from Ibn al-Haytham, like other 13th and 14th century researchers, including John Pecham and Witelo. All their works are full of references to Ibn al-Haytham's studies, especially to Kitab al-Manazir which aimed to expose all the characteristics of light through observational and experimental investigations and mathematical explanations, analysing the accumulated knowledge, problems and suggested solutions of the Old Ages. The author suggests that Ibn al-Haytham's works successfully achieved their purpose of presenting an understanding of the science of optics which was wholly true, independent of past authorities and based solely on experimental and mathematical inductions.
3. Ibn al-Haytham's intellectual legacy
In the third chapter, Topdemir suggests that studies made on the history of scientific development shows that scientific development was an activity that took place subsequently in between the East and the West throughout world history. He puts forward an interesting argument by suggesting that the high level interaction between different cultures resulting from science show that it is a field on which humanity unites. He asserts that by the 8th century, Muslims had established themselves as the intellectual leader of the world, acquiring the scientific and philosophical legacy of the past. This legacy was embraced by Muslim scholars who utilised the Arabic translations of ancient works to make fresh, original contributions. As such, he argues that it is not surprising for Ibn al-Haytham to have started his studies by an analysis of the knowledge inherited from the Greeks. However he also benefited greatly from the culture of scientific research and development existent in the Islamic world during his times. Topdemir links Ibn al-Haytham's success to two main dimensions, including the application of existent methods to new fields and enhancement of factual knowledge through a process of analysis and secondly on developing new experimental processes.
Figure 6a-b: Two medieval illustrations depicting two consecutive theories of vision: (a) the Greek optical theory according to which rays come out of the eye and go to fill the object; and (b) the modern theory expounded by Ibn al-Haytham based on a correct vision theory establishing that vision occurs because the eye can see the object from the light that flows from it. (Source).
The author also mentions treatises written by other Muslim scholars before Ibn al-Haytham, including the Banu Musa Brothers' Kitab al-Hiyal which included immaculate designs and mechanisms still applicable today. He emphasises that Ibn al-Haytham was born into a technologically enhanced society and a culture which embraced scientific thought. Another example provided is that of Thabit Ibn Qurra (829-901) who was one of the foremost mathematicians of his times and successfully translated many Greek works into Arabic, also using them as a valuable source in his findings. By employing these reputable models, especially those of the well-established scientist Al-Kuhi, Ibn al-Haytham was able to develop a geometrical concept on quadrilaterals to determine the outcomes of applying different forces to certain objects. Ibn al-Haytham was further influenced by Ibn Sahl who arguably developed the rule on the refraction of light in his studies in geometric optics.
4. Reflexions on scientific methodology
The in his fourth chapter of the book authored by Topdemir shows that Ibn al-Haytham also developed pioneering concepts on the nature and methods of science and provides a few worthy examples. He states that Ibn al-Haytham was adopted a holistic approach to science and to correctly depict scientific methodology in terms of classical scientific understanding. He was also one of the first scholars of his times to exhibit a modern research approach by focusing on one specific area and to use experimentation as both a tool for discovery and verification. He had a clear understanding of the importance of mathematics, more specifically of geometry, in scientific explanation and demonstration as evident from his quadratic theorem. In his studies, he did not only provide experimental proofs but also made available causal explanations. The author also presents simple details of his fundamental works and the operations of his models giving citations from Ibn al-Haytham's various works to highlight the everlasting effect and relevance of his methods and thoughts. He allows the reader to see that the methodologies and practices Ibn al-Haytham developed were generally at a higher level than those following him like Francis Bacon in the 16th century. It is obvious from his works that he not only valued the observational, experimental and mathematical aspects of science, but at the same time, highly regarded its historical development.
Figure 7a-b: Two views of the frontispice of the first edition of the Latin translation of Ibn al-Haytham's Book of Optics, Opticae Thesaurus...Libri Septem, nunc primùm editi. Eiusdem liber De Crepusculis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis...Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adjectis etiam in Alhazenum commentariis, a Federico Risnero. Basel: Episcopius, 1572. (Source) - (Source).
Further, Topdemir argues that Ibn al-Haytham also used the techniques of induction and deduction in an acute and careful manner in the light of experimental determination. According to Ibn al-Haytham, science is the activity of expressing facts consistent within concepts under a mathematical light attained from observation and experimentation. As pointed out by the author, this is very similar to the modern day understanding of science. Ibn al-Haytham had suggested a two phase system of arriving at fundamental data, made up of analysis and synthesis and has identified lack of satisfactory observations as the main reason behind wrongful findings which was a common reason for failure in problem solving in Middle Ages optics. He also successfully pointed out the significant problem of generalisation from insufficient data and tried to overcome this by very elaborate and detailed experiments. Consequently, Topdemir argues that even though he lived in the 11th century, Ibn al-Haytham implemented investigations and practices achievable by the use of modern age methods.
Figure 8: The anotomy of the eye by Kamal al-Din al-Farasi based on Ibn al-Haytham's investigations. Kamal al-Din Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad Al-Farisi (1267-ca.1319/1320) was a prominent Persian Muslim physicist, mathematician, and scientist born in Tabriz, Iran. He made a major contribution to the science of optics. (Source).
5. The mathematical investigation of the world
In the fifth part of the book, the author gives an explanation of the relationship between geometry and optics as understood in those times and outlines the important respects of Ibn al-Haytham's work in order to allow us to appreciate the extent of his capabilities and the significance of his studies. Ibn al-Haytham also referred largely to the works of other scientists in his fields using them as a resource but also improving on the ideas presented. He undertook to complete Apollonius' work on the conics, the eighth book of which was missing, by analysing the first seven articles and determining the missing content through the method of analysis, synthesis and renewal. He also criticised and amended some of the works of Euclid on geometrical drawing.
Figure 9: Photography is the result of combining several technical discoveries. Long before the first photographs were made, Ibn al-Haytham invented the camera obscura and pinhole camera. According to the Hockney-Falco thesis, some artists used the camera obscura and camera lucida to trace scenes as early as the 16th century. (Source).
The sixth chapter discusses Ibn al-Haytham's astronomical studies and shows that he also had an interest in this field. His book Fi Hay'at al-'alam (On the Configuration of the World) had a significant impact on the astronomers of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, especially on Peuerbach's book The New Planet. The author again provides some basic information about the development of astronomical models and the continuous change in astronomical theory throughout history to better enable readers to understand the context and impact of Ibn al-Haytham's studies. He also effectively utilises explanatory images, diagrams and passages as well as depictions of the mentioned scientists to maintain the attention and certify the understanding of the reader throughout the book.
The seventh chapter, titled 'Ex Oriente Lux' (The Light Comes from the East), suggests that the truthfulness of this statement has been definitively reflected through Ibn al-Haytham's life and works. The author applauds his success in putting forward a wholesome optics theory, overcoming the confusion and lack of clarity associated with this science in those time by utilising fundamental principles and significant techniques. After dismissing the emission theory which suggested that the eye emitted the light rays, Ibn al-Haytham moved from the assumption that light proceeded to the eye from each point on an object to develop his own basic theory. Regardless of a few downfalls, his optics theories were exceptionally successful and were accepted as authority in both the Eastern and Western worlds until the 17th century. Topdemir asserts that the main factor behind this success was his courage in using creative thought and producing independent models, instead of accepting existent theories on their face. He developed many original notions about the nature of light rather than simply refuting previous studies and extensively used experiments to prove his ideas. The author suggests that his book even today is a valid source of clear and comprehensible information on the rules and developments of optics, further signifying the scope and success of his studies.
Figure 10: Harold Anderson, Alhazen Studied the Recreation of Light (1936) (Size: 15"x20"); fine advertising for eyeglasses. (Source).
The final chapter starts with the details of the knowledge sovereignty held by the Muslims over the Medieval Era. It is stated that where the Muslims were making many original and unique contributions to science, the popular studies of the West were simply encyclopaedic works. According to Topdemir, Muslims inspired the renewal of the tradition of scientific thought in Europe. In his final analysis of Ibn al-Haytham's influence, the author points out that the main indicator of a scientist's authoritative power in his field is not only the directive force of his thoughts and ideas but at the same time, the unhesitant embracement of his mistakes of those following him. Ibn al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir had a large influence on the study of optics in his era and specifically inspired many scientists including Bacon, Pecham and Witelo. It is clear that until the 17th Century, all the main arguments, technical framework, controversial aspects and suggested solutions in the field of optics were advanced by Ibn al-Haytham. The author notes that the enormous value extended to scientific thought and scholars in the Middle Age Islamic World also had a substantial role in Ibn al-Haytham's success. As a result, his influence was not limited to his time or the Western world but also had a large impact on the studies of following Islamic researchers like Kamal Al-Din al-Farisi.
Figure 11: Ibn al-Haytham depicted on an Iraqi 10,000-dinar note.
Overall, the book presents a fair and balanced summary of Ibn al-Haytham's studies, focusing on his major achievements. The basic scientific explanations on relevant issues provided by the author raise the understanding of readers while giving them background information to better comprehend the extent of Ibn al-Haytham's successes. The book is well referenced and contains a large number of explanatory diagrams, images, posters and helpful citations from Ibn al-Haytham's works. However it lacks information on Ibn al-Haytham's life and practices, which might set a better light on his aspirations and determination in scientific research and discovery. It is easy to read and follow and as a whole provides reliable and noteworthy details about a great man who should be taken as an example by any student of science.
Figure 12a-b: Views from the recent edition in facsimile of a manuscript of Ibn al-Haytham's book Mahiyat al-athar alladhi yabdu 'ala wajh al-qamar (The Trace on the Moon's Face) edited by Yusuf Zidan (Alexandria: Alexandria Library, 2002).
In the Genius Arab Civilization, A. I Sabra stated, "Ibn al Haytham's most important contribution were in the fields of optics, mathematics, and astronomy. His most important single work is the comprehensive Kitab al-Manazir (the Book of Optics). Until the revival of optics in Persia, towards the end of thirteenth century, Ibn al-Haytham was mainly known to the Islamic world as mathematician and as an astronomer, but his best-known and most influential work in Europe was the Optics. It was largely on these bases of his book that George Sarton described Ibn al-Haytham as "the greatest Muslim physicist and one of the greatest students of optics of all times." Other optical subjects of Ibn al-Haytham include: "On the light of the Moon, that argues that the moon shines like a self luminous object, though its light is borrowed from the Sun; On the Halo and Rainbow; On Spherical Burning Mirrors; On Paraboloidal Burning Mirrors; and On the Shape of eclipse, which examines the camera obscure phenomena.
7. Table of contents of the book
Table of Figures
Table of Pictures
Chapter 1: A Life Devoted to Science
Chapter2: Doctor Mirabilis
Chapter 3: The Intellectual Inheritance that Nurtured Ibn al-Haytham
Chapter 4: Knowledge, Science and Methodology
Chapter 5: Mathematics and Nature
Chapter 6: A New Design of Universe
Chapter 7: Ex Oriente Lux
Chapter 8: Paradigm and Development
8. Resources and further reading
- Al-Khalili, Jim, The first true scientist.
- Sabra, A. I., ed., The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham, Books I-II-III: On Direct Vision. The Arabic text, edited with Introduction, Arabic-Latin Glossaries and Concordance Tables. Kuwait: National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters, 1983.
- Sabra, A. I., trans., The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham. Books I-II-III: On Direct Vision. English Translation and Commentary. 2 vols, Studies of the Warburg Institute, vol. 40, London: The Warburg Institute, University of London, 1989.
- Sabra, A. I., ed., The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham. Edition of the Arabic Text of Books IV-V: On Reflection and Images Seen by Reflection. 2 vols, Kuwait: The National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters, 2002.
- Salih, H., Al-Amri, M., and El-Gomati, M., The miracle of light, in A World of Science (UNESCO), A World of science, vol. 3, no. 4, October-December 2005, pp. 2-7.
- Smith, A. Mark, ed. and trans. (2006), written at Philadelphia, "Alhacen on the Principles of Reflection: A Critical Edition, with English Translation and Commentary, of Books 4 and 5 of Alhacen's De Aspectibus, the Medieval Latin version of Ibn-al-Haytham's Kitab al-Manazir, 2 vols", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Soc.) 96 (2–3).
- Sopieva, Natasha, Ibn Al-Haitham the Muslim Physicist.
- Steffens, Bradley, Ibn al Haytham The First Scientist, Morgan Reynolds Publishing, 2007. Visit the website of the book: Ibn al-Haytham.
- [Wikipedia], Alhazen (retrieved 18.10.2009).
- Zahoor, A., Abu Ali Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham (Alhazen) (965 - 1040 C.E.)
* Reviewer, FSTC, Sydney, Australia.


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Straight shootin' with the Heartless Bastards
"Some people call what I create alt-country," says Heartless Bastards front woman Erika Wennerstrom. "I don't think I'd label us exactly that," she adds. The singer, whose strapping vocals could peel back paint on a wall, seems frustrated by labels but too polite to damn them outright. A lot of garagey, blues bands get too polished off after a few records, losing the scruff that once made them appealing, including fellow Ohioans The Black Keys. On their fourth album, Arrow (Partisan), the Bastards are as raw and raucous as ever. These consistent purveyors of rib-rattling, roots rock credit the miles behind them and a moderate amount of whiskey with keeping their hearts in the music.
The Hook: Your last album, The Mountain, got a lot of critical praise. Did you set out to top it with Arrow?
Erika Wennerstrom: Music is what you are feeling at the moment and some people would argue that our first album was our best, so you don't tend to thing of things that way. I'm most proud of Arrow because it feels closest to what I've been trying to do all along. I have finally figured out how to get down on a record what I hear in my head.
The Hook: All of your albums have a real sense of honesty and experience about them. Have you considered something out of character, say a rock opera?
Erika Wennerstrom: I've certainly considered things that might be out of character for the Heartless Bastards, but never a rock opera. That wouldn't be my cup of tea. I've never been a big fan of musicals. Maybe it's just because they all just sound super-happy. I like up-beat songs, but when they sound happy, not so much. (laughs)
The Hook:You've considered playing a different style of music though, right?
Erika Wennerstrom:I love jazz music. Dave [Colvin] who is in the band has a Masters in jazz studies, so yes I've contemplated the idea of doing something totally different.
The Hook: There are a lot of wide open spaces mentioned on this album. Would you say it was fueled by relentless touring?
Erika Wennerstrom: It was actually the time off the road that inspired it. I took several road trips between tours and isolated myself to focus and write. A ranch outside the Davis Mountains near Marfa, Texas inspired a lot of the imagery on the album. Movement and traveling is definitely a vibe throughout these songs.
The Hook: On "Parted Ways," you sing about needing whiskey to ease your mind. Are you guys big drinkers on the road?
Erika Wennerstrom:We definitely like our whiskey, but there's a point when you are out on the road you could seriously burn out or have some serious health issues if you do that too much. We keep it at bay.
The Hook: Speaking of bad habits, you've admitted that the band's name comes from a touchscreen quiz game that listed The Heartless Bastards as the possible name of Tom Petty's backup band. Are you still one of the glowing faces we see at the end of a bar?
Erika Wennerstrom:Not lately. No. (laughs)
The Hook:Have you ever had the chance to share that story with Tom Petty?
Erika Wennerstrom: Oh, gosh. It would be amazing to meet Tom Petty, but I haven't had that opportunity. Maybe one of these days.
The Heartless Bastards play Wednesday, February 29 at the Southern. It's an all-ages show with tickets $14. 9pm show with doors open at 8pm and the Fling opening.Read more on: the heartless bastards


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Introduction to the Trails
Sunday, April 7, 2013
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This event repeats every week on Sunday between 3/3/2013 and 4/7/2013.
Please note: This event has already taken place. Please use the Search options on the right to find upcoming events.
Learn the fundamentals of hiking, get a great workout, and enjoy the outdoors!
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Earth Station, Andover, 1962Item 25449 info
Maine Historical Society
Andover, Maine, was an unlikely location to make space-age history.
Nevertheless, the Oxford County community of 762 people with a smattering of small businesses became known world wide on July 11, 1962 when the Telstar satellite, launched a day earlier, sent and received signals from the Andover Earth Station.
Telstar antenna model, Andover, 1962Item 25451 info
Maine Historical Society
People in France and England, for the first time, saw live televised transmissions from the United States.
Bell Laboratories in New Jersey developed the Telstar satellite and AT&T built the receiving-transmitting station in Andover.
Bell Telephone Earth Station, Andover, 1962Item 26101 info
Maine Historical Society
The company first considered locating the giant antenna, covered with a fabric dome, in Holmdel, New Jersey. But Andover was chosen because of its geography and location.
In a bowl, surrounded by mountains, Andover would experience almost no microwave radio interference.
Its proximity to Europe was another advantage.
Radome, Andover, 1962Item 25452 info
Maine Historical Society
In 1961, AT&T announced it had purchased land in Andover and construction began.
During the winter of 1961-62, during the construction phase, the heat in the dome failed and snow accumulated on top of the dome.
When the heat was restored, a large lake formed on top. Technicians then faced the challenge of removing the water.
They decided to shoot a hole in the Hypolon dome, allowing the water to drain. As the pressure inside equalized, the remaining water and ice was thrown off.
A large piece crashed onto one of the nearby office trailers, crushing it.
The dome with the bulge showing is the construction dome. When construction was completed, a new dome covered the antenna and the bulge, which had been needed to clear the house at the end of the horn, was not needed.
Horn antenna, Andover, 1962Item 25461 info
Maine Historical Society
The horn-shaped antenna weighed 340 tons and was 7 stories high, enclosed in 16-story inflatable fabric bubble.
The antenna was mounted on tracks that allowed station operators to aim it precisely to capture the signal from Telstar and transmit back to the satellite.
The imposing white structure was known as the radome.
'Big Bubble,' Andover, ca. 1962Item 26103 info
Maine Historical Society
AT&T gambled more than $300 million on developing the solar-powered Telstar and the earth stations.
Telephone usage was increasing, as were television transmissions, which consumed much of the available broadcast capacity.
Andover Earth Station, ca. 1962Item 26104 info
Maine Historical Society
In addition, demand grew for more overseas telephone capability -- and for more instant news and other information among countries.
One of the promises of Telstar was the possibility of live coverage in the U.S. from the 1964 Tokyo Olympics -- something almost unimaginable in 1962 when news events were recorded on magnetic tape and flown by airplane to overseas media outlets.
Horn antenna truck, Andover, 1962Item 25462 info
Maine Historical Society
Telstar's elliptical orbit required a sophisticated system for positioning the huge horn-shaped antenna that would pick up and transmit signals from the satellite.
On July 11, 1962, at 6:17 p.m., Andover picked up the satellite signal. At 6:29 p.m., Telstar transmitted a telephone conversation between Vice President Lyndon Johnson and AT&T Chairman Frederick Kappel.
At 6:31, the smaller horn antenna in New Jersey received an image of the American flag in front of the Andover earth station that Andover had sent to Telstar.
At 6:45 p.m., the earth station in Pleumeur-Bodou, France, received the signal sent from Andover via Telstar and, at 7 p.m., the station in Goonhilly Downs, England, received the signal.
Telstar and Andover were a success.
Margaret Chase Smith shows off TelstarItem 9643 info
Margaret Chase Smith Library
U.S. Sen. Margaret Chase Smith of Skowhegan, who served on Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee, was especially interested in having the Earth Station located in Maine.
Smith was the ranking Republican member on the Committee from 1963 to 1971.
Comsat radome receiver station, AndoverItem 5895 info
Maine Historical Society
Maine's role in the new era of satellite communications was so promising and the radome -- short for radar dome -- such a physical presence in Andover that all of Maine's 1962 telephone directories featured an artist's rendering of the Earth Station for Communicating by Satellite on their covers.
Some 25,000 people a year visited the Andover facility in the 1960s.
In 1968, Bethel's new high school was named "Telstar" in honor of the communications revolution that Maine was a part of.
Satellite System Earth Station, Andover, 1962Item 25450 info
Maine Historical Society
Ownership of the earth station in Andover changed hands over the years, and the technology driving satellite transmissions of telephone and television changed as well.
The radome and the horn antenna were dismantled in 1985. The original earth station employed about 100 people.
By the turn of the 21st century, only a dozen or so employees worked at the station, which continued to relay satellite transmissions with updated equipment.


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This article is from the archive of our partner .
Iranians took to the streets to celebrate Hassan Rohani, a moderate cleric, being declared the victor in the country's Presidential elections on Saturday. Rohani earned more than 50 percent of the vote, avoiding a run-off, and defeating the five conservative candidates who are more in line with the Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. Rohani will replace the polarizing Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who spent most of his tenure as Iranian president antagonizing Western powers. Rohani's resounding victory is being seen as a victory for Iranian citizens who want reform from the hard-line conservatives who wield most of the power in Iran.
Crowds poured into the streets as the results were announced, and Rohani won a clear cut decision, to celebrate the change in direction for the country. "Long live reform, long live Rohani," some chanted. "Ahmadi, bye bye," said others, in reference to Ahmadinejad.
While the Ayatollah still controls the most important parts of the country, both domestically and internationally, the President is still an important figure who wields influence over the country's decision making. The President has the most control over the country's economy that's been crippled by economic sanctions. Optimists hope Rohani could be the bridge that brings Iran to the nuclear negotiation table, Reuters explains:
Rohani could act as a bridge-builder between hardliners around Khamenei who reject any accommodation with the West and reformers marginalized for the last four years who argue that the Islamic Republic needs to be more pragmatic in its relations with the world and modernize at home in order to survive.
"Though an establishment figure, Rohani is a former chief nuclear negotiator known for his nuanced, conciliatory approach," they add. During his campaign, Rohani promised to participate in "constructive interaction with the world," without surrendering completely to Western control. As The New York Times points out, there's little chance Rohani will honestly suspend Iran's controversial nuclear program. He once bragged about completing huge strides in nuclear advancement while Iran told the West its program was suspended.
This article is from the archive of our partner The Wire.
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