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Some of the most intriguing additions to the franchise are the new Battle Action sequences, which are basically in-game mini-games to switch up the action a bit. In the one we saw, a Nazi jumped our character as he walked through a doorway, kicking off a little hand-to-hand fight. The player was prompted to alternately press the left and right triggers as he battled with the Nazi for control of a rifle, then finished him off by pressing the Y button. It looked like a cool way to mix things up, giving the player a chance to take a quick break from the rest of the game's fairly standard FPS action. The team also mentioned that the Wii version of the game will utilize these moments in some unique ways.
Screen taken from Xbox 360 version
There's a lot of other reasons to get excited about Call of Duty 3, including a new cover system (softer forms of cover will slowly erode under enemy fire), dramatically improved AI squads that will work together to flank your position, and some new and improved grenades. We were also incredibly impressed with the visuals, which relied heavily on an advanced particle system and a hefty physics engine. Grass will trample realistically when you run through fields, and smoke will react differently depending on what direction the wind is blowing. Granted, these are just little details, but they help to make the proceedings feel more realistic. We were also told that there's more of an emphasis on character development this time out, and that the game will progress seamlessly, loading during the cinematics that play between missions.
While it's still one of the most-played multiplayer games on Xbox Live, Call of Duty 2 really didn't break much new ground. With CoD3, however, the folks at Treyarch are really trying to place a greater emphasis on the multiplayer side of things. The game will feature a class-based multiplayer mode, in which you'll be able to play as a Medic, Gunner, Support, or any of a number of other character types. Each of these will bring special skills to the battlefield, such as the ability to heal their fellow soldiers or drop landmines. Best of all, using these skills will actually boost your kill count at the end of the match, so it pays to know how to best utilize your chosen character.
As we mentioned above, Call of Duty 3 will be available for the Xbox 360, PS3, Wii, PS2, and Xbox (we're still checking on Commodore 64 and ColecoVision versions). The differences seem to be mainly cosmetic, given the fact that the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 are vastly more powerful than the current-gen machines. So, you won't be seeing the same smoke effects and advanced particle physics, but you'll likely be getting the same overall experience no matter what console you own. And if you're a PC owner, well, sorry; looks like you're out of luck this time.


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ReleasesBack to
Marcus Printup
Hub Songs not only functions as a heartfelt, loving tribute to Freddie Hubbard, one of the greatest trumpeters in bop history, but it's a dynamic, engaging session in its own right. Both Tim Hagans and Marcus Printup had established themselves as two of the finest hard bop trumpeters of the '80s and '90s, and they were well prepared for this session. Working with pianist Benny Green, bassist Peter Washing and drummer Kenny Washing, as well as guest musicians Javon Jackson on tenor sax and Vince Herring on alto sax, the duo manages to recapture the driving spirit of Hubbard's best recordings while stamping each song with individual, adventurous solos. It's one of the finest hard bop records of the late '90s. ~ Leo Stanley

subset: commoncrawl


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The CEO wants his company's IT to be reliable and flexible in order to respond quickly and effectively to changing needs. The CFO is looking for more efficiency, including lower costs, transforming fixed costs into variable operating costs, faster and higher return-on-investment, cost transparency and predictability, minimized risks and full compliance with IT directives and legislation. And finally, the end user demands systems that are easy to use, with high reliability and performance, to ensure highly available access to applications and data.
Fujitsu Workplace Services Classic is an offering for the efficient and reliable management of distributed (traditional, fully featured) IT workplaces and printing / multifunctional equipment. It covers the entire lifecycle of IT infrastructures and offers proven end-to-end concepts for the management. Standardized and optimized services, which are provided predominantly from remote, ensure the efficient use of resources. Transparent costs are based on a price-per-seat respectively base-plus-click-price model.
Fujitsu takes care of your distributed PC and notebook infrastructure, including individual configuration, personalized installation and centralized operation. The workplace IT is operated by back office functions distributed over customer and Fujitsu premises. SLAs define extent and quality of the services delivered by Fujitsu. The IT service management comprises the handling of requests, fulfillment of workplace user requests, operational processes and incident management.
Many companies do not view fixing output infrastructure problems as a core competency. Fujitsu Print Services are designed to help you streamline the management of and thereby minimize costs associated with printing and imaging, offering services to enhance productivity and reduce energy consumption. Print Services span the office, production, and mobile environment. They include a multiyear contract covering supplies and break-fix, with devices owned by Fujitsu or the customer. Print Services are based on a professional assessment, and include ongoing optimization, governance and change management. Remote monitoring takes care of proactive management. Invoicing and reporting are provided once a month while leasing contracts for new equipment and remarketing of unused hardware will free up budget and change investments to monthly fees.
Based on the experience of managing more than 6 million workplaces worldwide Fujitsu supports you in realizing the optimal provision of IT workplaces and ensures efficiency and high service quality across national borders. Fujitsu is the world's third-largest IT service provider. Global Delivery Centers support our customers 24x7 in more than 41 languages and with a local presence in 70 countries.
Products and standardized service elements from a single source are combined in a modular way to value-added services meeting customer-specific requirements. Optimized processes are controlled by an ITIL-based IT service management. Fujitsu is certified for all significant standards.
Clearly defined and fully measureable service level agreements result in reliable project planning, reduced risks and faster decision-making. High satisfaction of end users leads to a reduced number of support calls and pays off in the company's success.
Fixed and transparent pricing on a monthly base enables customers to move CAPEX to OPEX and allows reliable budget planning. The shared "one-to-many" service delivery approach is the basis for economies of scale which can never be achieved by an individual organization.
Fujitsu was positioned in the "Leader quadrant" in Gartner's 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Magic Quadrant reports assessing Desktop and Help Desk Outsourcing services in Europe.
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Office of AdmissionsJoynes Hall
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800/Winthrop (946-8476)
803/323-4952 (Fax)email@example.com
At Winthrop, you are the focus. Here you will be known by your name — not a number. You'll be part of a community – where others truly want you to succeed. You'll dive into activities – clubs, sports, performing arts, research, study abroad – and never look back. Through it all you'll take learning to a new level and prepare for life after graduation. There's definitely a Winthrop experience for you. Visit campus or explore our site to learn more.
Ready to Apply, Click here to get started. Our counselors are traveling the country to meet with you. Find Winthrop in your area.


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Zara Pink Jean Skirt £10
Zara Blue Jean Skirt £10
Topshop Tops £5 each
Dorothy Perkins top £5 each
Stripe Vest £5
Topshop Top £5 each
Topshop crop top £10 (Never Worn) Cardigan £5
Leopard print Tunic £5 Vintage Dress £10
H&M Sheer pleated print skirt £8 Chino's £8
Vintage Dress £10 H&M Dress £5
Floral Dress £8 Playsuit £5
Tie Dye Dress £10 UO Vintage dress £8
Vintage Shoulder-pad Top £8 Zara Sheer Printed Shirt £10
Forever 21 Floral Skirt £8 Topshop White Skirt £10
New Look Silky Tunic £8
Each item P&P (uk) £2 and (Overseas) £4 - I will combine postage for multiple items.
If you would like any further info/photos on the items above for sale, feel free to email me with your questions. I will be selling on a first come(email) first serve basis and any items not paid for within 24hours will be offered/second chanced to the next person requesting. If you buy more than one item I can combine postage costs.
1. Send me an email with your name, address and email address you have registered with your Paypal account to firstname.lastname@example.com with the name of the item/s you would like to purchase in the title box
2. Wait for me to email the invoice
3. Make the payment within 24 hours of receiving invoice
4. Item will be shipped within 3 days
1. Items sent anywhere other than the UK may take a little longer to arrive
2. Please be aware that you may be charged and are responsible for custom charges if you live overseas
3. All prices are in British pounds (GBP)
4. Please use a currency converter before asking me how much it will cost
5. I only accept PayPal
6. If not paid within 24 hours I will cancel the invoice
7. If you wish for me to add tracking to your purchase at an extra cost please request
8. All sales are final No Returns


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Hey everyone!
Happy Saturday! Its been a while since I did a colorful eye makeup look and I decided to try out some Inglot matte shadows that I hadn't touched in a while. I created a blue-green colorful look using all matte shadows, used a sapphire liner to complement the eye shadows and added a gold highlight in the inner corner. To complement the eyes, I used a soft pinky coral lip color.
What do you think of this look? Do you wear colorful eye shadows? Share your comments below!


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This week's Safeway Ad and Coupon Deals has some great deals and offers! Here you can find the very best deals that you can get this week at Safeway using coupons and doubling! These deals are based on $0.50 doubles from featured deals out of the 9/12 Safeway Ad.A good way to save when you shop at Safeway is to use their Club Club. The Club Card is a reloaded card for digital coupons which cannot be doubled and will be automatically redeemed when you present the card at checkout in store. These coupons will stack with Manufacturer's Coupons, so you will get the most savings when you use both a digital coupon and a Manufacturer's Coupon.
For shopping information, deals, and more, check out our Safeway Store Page![%printable-list:safeway-9-19-12%]
TIPS FROM THE PROSRemember that Safeway Affiliates like Randall's, Raley's, Dominicks, and more will have similar ads to the Safeway Ad and the Coupon Policies are Identical.
Don't forget to get all the best Printable Coupons today that you can use on your shopping trips to Safeway, check out our Printable Coupons Page!


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Melinda: Like me, Summer Daniels is an erotica writer. She's also the creator of the very popular Facebook page, What To Read After Fifty Shades of Grey (WTRAFSOG).
We'll talk about that site, and your new app, in a moment. But first, what's new on the writing front for you?
Summer: Thanks for the invite, Melinda. I appreciate this opportunity to talk about WTRAFSOG and my writing.
I actually have been extremely poor at carving out time for my writing lately, leaving a lot of devoted fans of my Summer's Journey series waiting for the next installment. The WTRAFSOG page is a labor of love, but it is a sponge, sucking up any and all available time.
One day I hope to turn WTRAFSOG into a full time gig, promoting authors and spreading the brand out to a larger audience. Until then I work away at a full time day job, somehow fit in another 4 - 6 hours a day on the FB page and occasionally find time to have some semblance of a life. Writing unfortunately has come a distant fourth lately.
However, I am actually working on something new at the moment, just not entirely sure how to classify it in terms of genre. It has elements of romance, paranormal and spirituality (and probably a little erotica as well since I cannot seem to stray too far from my roots!). I love the premise of it, now I just have to finish writing it!
However, I am actually working on something new at the moment, just not entirely sure how to classify it in terms of genre. It has elements of romance, paranormal and spirituality (and probably a little erotica as well since I cannot seem to stray too far from my roots!). I love the premise of it, now I just have to finish writing it!
So, what are you up to?
Melinda: Besides the two Alice in Wonderland ebooks, Fifty Shades of Alice in Wonderland and Fifty Shades of Alice Through the Looking Glass, I've done another erotic fairy tale, Fifty Shades of Jezebel and the Beanstalk. Same type of humorous "girl on a sexual journey" story, with a few new kinks, and a lot of new jokes.
Summer: You announced a third Alice ebook, Fifty Shades of Alice at the Hellfire Club. What's the status?
Melinda: That will happen this year. It depends on my writing partner and aligning our schedules.
Summer: So Melinda DuChamp is a pen name for more than one person?
Melinda: Right now there are four people working on DuChamp stories, with a few more in the pipeline. We hope to brand her.
Not literally, of course. The books feature some bondage, spanking, and light S/m, but no branding. ;)
The two latest DuChamp titles are in the futuristic Sexperts series. The Sexperts: Fifty Grades of Shay, and The Sexperts: Girl With A Pearl Necklace.
Though these are science fiction rather than fairy tales, the tone and sex are consistent for all of DuChamp's work. Namely, they're light and fun and hot.
These are erotic stories for smart people who like to laugh.
The main goal is to make the reader giggle while turning them on. But the secondary goal--which is just as important--is to tell a good story, where women are empowered, fantasies (including dark ones) are explored, and readers are both entertained and aroused.
In my opinion, the original 50 Shades didn't do a very good job describing a consensual, kinky affair. Too much fear and pain and manipulation, not enough orgasms. Women are powerful sexual creatures with unlimited potential, and we wanted to write stories that delved into all sorts of kinks to explore their various sexual capacities and appetites, but to do so in a fun and friendly way.
So the books have a lot of humor, along with a lot of heat and a lot of heart. And hopefully there is something for everyone in them, no matter your sexual proclivities. They go WAY beyond 50 Shades of Grey.
Summer: I have read both of the current Fifty Shades of Alice releases and absolutely loved them. Then again my motto has long been "Laughter Makes The Panties Wetter", so humorous and intelligent storytelling goes a long way with me. I urge anyone who enjoys a well written story that tickles the funny bone (among other things) to give Melinda's books a read. Just be sure to waterproof your e-reader first.
Melinda: Thanks, Summer! Not to get all mutual appreciation society, but I found your Summer's Journey series to be powerfully erotic. A woman deciding to finally explore her wild side after years of denying it, and finding a sexy guy to go on the adventure with, is a solid idea, well-executed. It's also very hot.
Summer: You say above that "these are erotic stories for smart people who like to laugh." I think this point is very apt as I truly feel there is no need (as some authors believe) to tone down the level of vocabulary or intelligence in order to connect with more readers. Readers are much more intelligent and savvy than many authors in today's market give them credit for.
I have tried to tell an intelligent and well written story with my Summer's Journey series and have gotten some incredible feedback as a result. Now I just have to break away from the sisyphean task that is WTRAFSOG long enough to get my own writing done! (See what I did with the big word there? Readers are, by their very nature, inquisitive, intelligent and well spoken. That is at least my experience, your mileage may vary.)
Melinda: Sisyphus rocks.
I also could have used the joke "he's trying to be a little boulder in his life" or "from there it was all downhill." But I didn't, and I'm proud I restrained myself.
Summer: There has to be a joke in there somewhere about "rock hard, erotica, etc.", but I believe we'll leave that particular stone unturned. For now.
Do you think the erotica market has gotten tougher?
Melinda: Yes. Selena Kitt has talked about this at length. Amazon has blocked certain types of erotica, and made it harder for readers to find it. B&N has kicked erotica off the bestseller lists by manipulating ranking. Plus the major ebook advertisers tend to shy away from erotica.
That said, I believe there is a huge audience out there for well-written "mommy porn." So the game plan is to release a lot of good books, build the audience, and eventually have such a large catalog that it will be impossible to miss.
I was talking with one of my co-authors about having high standards for this brand. Hardcore readers tend to be discriminating. To gain them as fans, authors need to have standards that are just as high. There is so much out there to read, you may not have a second chance to make that first impression.
Getting back to what you're currently doing, you were a guest here a few years ago, talking about WTRAFSOG. For those too lazy to follow links, can you give us an overview of the page, and what's changed since 2012?
Summer: The WTRAFSOG (What to Read After Fifty Shades of Grey) page was set up in April of 2012 with the initial intent of gathering a few readers together to help sell my Summer's Journey series. I also really liked the idea of Paying It Forward and giving back a little to the community that had been so welcoming to me when I first started writing. It has evolved over time into an incredibly active reader recommendation and author promotion community.
I had to go back and read the previous guest blog to recall the exact state of WTRAFSOG back then. Hard to believe a year and a half has passed since that blog post. Looks like the FB page was doing well back then, just cresting over 10,800 fans and averaging a little over 200 books sold per day through the links on the site.
Since then, we have grown just a little. We are now at 81,000+ fans on the Facebook page and the site averages over 500+ books sold every day through the posts and promotions on the page.
In that original post long ago we also talked about Discoverability and the "war" for finding readers in the virtual world.
In a lot of ways there is more need for pages like WTRAFSOG to help spread the word about authors and their books, but certain market limitations have been imposed by large players in the field such as Amazon and Facebook. Eighteen months ago, before many of the algorithm changes that Facebook has imposed, a typical post on a page like WTRAFSOG reached anywhere from 30% - 50% of any page fans that have "Liked" your page. After algorithm changes and a push by Facebook to monetize their service, essentially requiring authors and pages to "pay to play", a typical post now is lucky to reach 10% and often much less than that.
There are mitigating factors such as the number of likes and comments (and shares) of a particular post that dramatically impact how many fans of the page see a given post, but for less than 10% of your fans - who by liking the page stated their desire to see your content - to actually be receiving that content, is extremely limiting.
Add on top of that one major change by Amazon in terms of the number of FREE books that can be advertised / downloaded, and you have reduced the capability of pages like WTRAFSOG to reach readers.
One of the things I have done with WTRAFSOG to help combat these changes is to start trying to brand the WTRAFSOG page (and service) as the new "Erotic Bookbub". I have built the mailing list up to almost 7,000 subscribers and I have started doing individual promo and multi-author email blasts to help spread the word to even more readers. (Multi-Author promo example here - including a sign up link for our mailing list should anyone be so inclined.)
The other development that I'm pretty excited about in terms of the potential to reach a wider and more diversified audience is the WTRAFSOG APP.
Melinda: Tell us all about it.
Summer: The WTRAFSOG App mirrors the Facebook Page to a large degree, but adds the functionality of a FREE Ebook of the Day feature, Hot New Releases, Pre-Orders, Author Spotlights, 99 Cent Sale Bin (for books that are always 99 cents), Trilogies, Box Sets and more. I've packed a lot of features into the app, which I've now marked down to 99 Cents! Included as well is our bi-monthly Top Fifty list, which has been cultivated by tracking 23+ months worth of sales data from reader recommendations and author promotions.
Melinda: I've downloaded the app for my iPhone, and found it very user-friendly and simple. Have you considered charging authors to be featured?
Summer: I have indeed considered charging authors to be featured, but I want to spread the visibility of the app a little wider first in order to provide better value for their advertising dollar.
One thing I will say about the app is that, although time consuming to initially design, it was fairly easy to build utilizing the online tool that I did. A simple app, given away for free, that includes bio information, links to websites and where to find that author's works, etc. could be another valuable arrow in the marketing quiver. If I had the time to devote, I would offer to build said author apps for a small fee. I would imagine anyone with the skills and inclination to do so could make a small cottage industry out of this idea. I'll only expect 30% in return for this idea.
Getting back to you, I've heard this rumor that Melinda DuChamp is actually Joe Konrath.
Care to comment?
Melinda: Anyone who reads the books and gets my sense of humor should know right away. The DuChamp books are laugh out loud funny, they're intentionally branded, my buddy Carl Graves did the covers, and Brilliance Audio--which publishes all of my audiobooks--also publishes DuChamp.
Of course I'm Konrath.
I wrote my first explicit sex scene in Cherry Bomb back in 2008, and I found it to be a lot of fun. So did my wife. So when 50 Shades of Grey became huge, I saw an opportunity to do three things:
1. Write some fun smut for smart people who like to laugh.
2. Prove I could write books that sell under a name other than "J.A. Konrath."
3. Diversify. A different income stream, under a different name.
But I can only take half of the credit for Melinda DuChamp. I have a main co-writer--who is well-known in the romance community--and this writer does 50% of the work, if not more.
We're currently working with other writers, splitting the work three ways.
Franchising DuChamp will give us the greatest opportunity to be visible. Of course, the writers we've recruited are pros, so the standards stay high.
Self-publishing has given writers an unprecedented opportunity. We can be whomever we want to be, write whatever we want to write, reinvent ourselves as often as we want to.
How cool is that?
Summer: So why are you finally coming out as DuChamp?
Joe/Melinda: Since updating my website, I've been getting more traffic. I think there are some Konrath fans who would like DuChamp if they knew it was me, and some DuChamp fans who would like my other work. I write horror, mystery, thriller, science fiction, and humor. I believe I can add erotica to the resume and people will accept it Plus I can now tell the 10k readers on my newsletter list about my naughty side.
So who is my main collaborator, and why haven't they come out as Melinda? They can speak for themselves.
Melinda: I haven't come out as Melinda, because Joe is paranoid. :P
Joe: Untrue. I just happen to be the proud owner of five firearms and am a pretty decent shot. Plus I'm too unpleasant and ugly to stalk.
I'm friends with a few authors who write erotica, and they use pen names because of cyber-creeps. Of which there are many. It's a shame that there are unstable people out there who harass authors, and feminist erotica can be a bullseye for stalkers.
When I said we were franchising DuChamp, does that mean we want to open submissions to everyone?
Melinda: Not at the moment. We simply don't have the time to take submissions. But who knows? Maybe that will change in the future.
Summer: Oooh!! (Raises Hand!) I wanna do the DuChamp!! And yes - I'm picturing a particular funky dance number to go along with that. I'm thinking a cross between the Lindy and the Waltz perhaps.
Joe: So your pen name wants to write under my pen name? That's up to my partner.
Summer: When you say under your pen name, how far are we going under? This is starting to seem like Inception: The Erotic Chapter.
Melinda: Sounds kinky. ;)
Joe: Maybe we can cross-brand sometime in the future. A DuChamp/Daniels collaboration. But we'd have to specify it is Summer Daniels, not Jack Daniels...
But getting back on track, here.
Summer Daniels has a new free app, and everyone who likes romance and erotica should download it. You'll also like her Summer's Journey stories.
And if you like my writing, and have never read my erotica, give it a try and let me know what you think.If you don't like it, it's my collaborator's fault. :)


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Buy Adobe Connect Contact us for a Software Product Quotation and/or Demo
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Color Week – Red/Pink
My good friends, Steph and Amy, thought up this great idea. In an effort for all of us to get out there and use our cameras more, they started a photography project. Color week consists of taking pictures of different colors every day of the week. Color week actually took place a couple weeks ago. But it was the week my sister was coming into town and things were hectic at work and home so I couldn't participate. I decided to make this week my color week.
So I set out today after work to take pictures of some red things. I started in my favorite room, the kitchen. Then I just walked around our neighborhood for about an hour and got a few good shots. I'm still pretty new to photography, so I greatly appreciate any comments anyone has for me.
I'm looking forward to participating in the next picture week that Steph is hosting. Starts next Monday – can't wait to find out what the theme is going to be.
Check out the rest of my color week photos in my Flickr set (including a picture of the REDDEST house you've ever seen).
If you read this blog, you know I love to bake. I have a ton of sprinkles that I always seem to forget about. But I do love sprinkles, especially the specialty ones.
Ah, my love, my KitchenAid mixer. Even though our kitchen is very very small, she sits out on the counter at all times. She's just to big and heavy to put away every day and she's so pretty why would I want to.
Our neighborhood has these emergency fire alarms all over the place. One of the biggest concerns I had about moving to Boston was feeling safe when I walked around and I'm so glad we ended up where we are.


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Exchange/Sale of Personal Property
Exchange/Sale is an authority provided by Section 503 of Title 40, United States Code, under which executive agencies, when acquiring replacement property, may exchange or sell similar items and may apply the exchange allowance or proceeds of sale in whole or in part payment for the property acquired.
When replacing personal property, agencies should consider use of the Exchange/Sale authority before considering any other disposal option.
The regulations on Exchange/Sale are contained in the Federal Management Regulation (FMR) at Part 102-39 (41 CFR 102-39). Information on requesting waivers to those regulations can be found here.


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Type: Enhancement
Status: Closed
Priority: Minor
Resolution: Completed
Affects Version/s: None
Fix Version/s: None
Component/s: None
I'm trying to make my own tagged literals for cljs, and its a rough scene. I've probably spend 15 hours trying to get this to work properly.
The quick hack of binding cljs-data-readers is a pretty bad solution, and doesn't work with cljsbuild.
One solution is to just copy the mechanism of data_readers.clj, instead calling it cljs_data_readers.clj. That would help.
A better solution is to just pass through all the tagged literals, and resolve them on the cljs side, eg `((cljs.core/get (cljs.core/deref cljs.reader/tag-table) ~tag) ~data))
That way the definition of the tags doesn't have to be repeated twice, as is done now (once in cljs.reader, and once in the clj-side cljs.tagged-literals) .
The problem with this is that clj itself is incapable of passing through undefined tags without exploding, which is also a near showstopper. Having something like cljs_data_readers.clj would get the job done in the meantime.
(another minor issue is that the cljs reader doesn't handle namespaced symbols, so in #a/b, b is what is used as the key into cljs-data-readers)
I've never used this before, so just assume everything in bold has earmuffs around it.
This seems like a lot of separate issues rolled into one. Can we break this ticket apart into simpler actionable tickets?
Now that we have default-data-reader-fn, its possible to have a clean fix. Just set default-data-reader-fn to the function described above.
Should I generate a patch?
What function defined above?
the function is
(fn [tag data] `((cljs.core/get (cljs.core/deref cljs.reader/tag-table) ~tag) ~data))
The proposal is to bind default-data-reader-fn to the above, in compiler.clj for the compile-file* function. And get rid of the binding for data-readers in that function as well.
It should be possible to get rid of the tagged_literals.clj file as well, since those definitions are no longer needed after this change.
Is this still an issue today?
In a post conditional reading world we have a real solution to this problem.


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All press requests must be emailed to firstname.lastname@example.com. Your full contact information including mailing address and publication information is needed for approval. All requests must be sent 48 business hours before the event. Any request sent after that time will not be honored. Press requests are not taken over the telephone. A confirmation email will be sent once registration has been processed.
All Contents Copyright © 1996-2019 Practising Law Institute. Continuing Legal Education since 1933.
© 2019 PLI PRACTISING LAW INSTITUTE. All rights reserved. The PLI logo is a service mark of PLI.
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Monday, 18 July 2011
A Fool That Seest a Game Play'd Home, the Rich Stake Drawn, And Takest it All for Jest.
I cannot vouch for the absolute. I cannot describe what is before and beyond all description by definitive default. Nor can anyone; "pointers", we are told, are all that can be managed. It is perhaps a trick of the ego, to claim for itself everlasting eternal existence whilst denying its own reality. It is perhaps a quirk of the identity to endeavour, through years of diligent practice in a recognised form of Buddhism or Vedanta, to strip away the very thing that practices. I can only say that the practice is the goal; the journey is the destination; and the seeking is the realisation.
Try as we might to describe the quality of existence, the nameless being-ness, simple and unadorned, that is the underlying common denominator of all that is and seems to be, we stumble over the words that are never the thing itself. Yet those words and concepts are life too. Scholarly appreciation and tenacious study of the nature of consciousness are laudable; dedicated practice in the meditative states that clear away, if only for a short time, the running commentary on existence is to be admired. But life need not be, nor is it likely to be, understood to be lived. To be here, now is not an elusive state that the mind must be conditioned to. To be here, now is all there ever is. If meaning is taken from the turn of events or the events themselves, either possibility is exactly as is must be.
Several clips today, each of them a brief scene of fun or poignancy. Enjoy.
13 comments:
"But life need not be, nor is it likely to be, understood to be lived."
Exactly! Search for meaning, ha! Looking back now, I can laugh at the silliness of it all. Then again, as you might say, that silliness was perfect. Big grin.
Great post, Suzanne! And Aliens, by the way... one of my all-time favorites! Lots of really good one-liners in there that I use probably way too much. :)
- 18 July 2011 at 12:36
- Barry said...
The other day I asked my Zen teacher a question about the point of Zen training (this would arise, after 22 years on the cushion!).
He turned to me and said, "Oh? You want something from your Zen practice?"
And the air went right out of that balloon!
- 18 July 2011 at 16:57
"I cannot vouch for the absolute"
I love the way you write and tie in movie clips. A wonderful blog you have.
BTW I did vouch for the absolute once and then was asked to present my voucher but my pockets were empty.
much love
- 22 July 2011 at 18:43
Great art!
- 8 August 2011 at 07:39
- SE said...
I've started writing POEMS!!
- 11 August 2011 at 14:46
- No One In Particular said...
Hi Mike,
Aliens. Best film to watch over too, too many times. Luckily nothing exists a time is meaningless, so it doesn't count as wasting time!
- 19 August 2011 at 21:23
- No One In Particular said...
Hi Barry,
Avoiding desire is great unless it's a way to avoid hurting/being hurt...that ego...so wily.
- 19 August 2011 at 21:24
Hey Suzanne, enjoyed your book(Kindle edition) immensely. Like the theurapeutic feel to it and can relate to the addiction side of things and how I have had to address those issues in my 'own' life. Your literary skill-set and style for story telling is a true gift.
Peace and Love to you - Suki
- 30 August 2011 at 14:58
Suzanne, isn't it time for you to get back from vacation and grind out some more of your pithy pieces?
With bated breath,
- 7 September 2011 at 23:03
- No One In Particular said...
Hi Suki, thank you for your kind words.
- 8 September 2011 at 10:00
- No One In Particular said...
Hi SE, poetry is such fun...go for it.
- 8 September 2011 at 10:00
- No One In Particular said...
Hi Chris...finally I've done it!
- 8 September 2011 at 10:01
Suzanne, I didn't realize I had such control over apparent entities. I must be sure to use it for good and not for evil.
And the school year starts again!
- 8 September 2011 at 11:56


text:
Firebug 1.9b2Friday, November 25th, 2011
Firebug 1.9b2 has been released.
At this point (beta phase) we are focusing mainly on:
- Stability and regression bugs
- Memory Leaks
Let us know if Firebug causes higher memory consumption. Several leaks have been already fixed and so, we expect improvement in this area!
We would also like to encourage all Firebug users to download Firebug releases from addons.mozilla.org (AMO). Its infrastructure is better and you can also get automated Firefox compatibility updates with new Firefox versions.
The existing getfirebug.com/releases archive will be still maintained since it represents great history of all releases (not only Firebug but also some in-house developed extensions).
In any case, we are planning to redirect all Firebug updates to AMO. So, even if Firebug is downloaded from getfirebug.com updates will come from AMO.
All this stuff is transparent so, regular Firebug user shouldn't even notice that.
Firebug 1.9b2 fixes 10 issues.
Post feedback in the newsgroup, thanks!
Jan 'Honza' Odvarko


text:
Celebrating 125 years of Sentara Healthcare
December 16, 2013
By: Sentara Corporate Communications
Sentara Healthcare is celebrating 125 years of delivering compassionate and quality care. We've come a long way since the Retreat for the Sick opened in 1888. From our origins as a modest haven for Norfolk's poor, Sentara has grown into a multi-faceted health system providing health care across Virginia and into North Carolina.
Our 125th anniversary is a great opportunity to reflect on the diversity and culture of our heritage.
While the next 125 years are uncertain, Sentara Healthcare's mission and focus remain constant: to improve health every day. With the continued support of the community, we will persist in our commitment to providing excellent outcomes for all patients.


text:
Celebrate Bun Week with us 21-27 July 2014
July 17, 2014 | Leave a comment
Next week (21-27 July 2014) is bun week at the cafe. Here's the voucher you need in order for you to get your mitts on a free cinnamon bun on the mornings.
Print the voucher or smart phone it – but you do need mention the offer and show voucher when you order.
Please do read the t&c, too.
See you next week.


text:
Chris Brown Slays the Field at 2011 BET Awards [VIDEO]
Chris Brown won big at the 2011 BET Awards, taking home a total of five honors, beating such performers as Bruno Mars, Usher and Cee Lo Green for the Best Male R&B Artist award. Brown also won Video of the Year for 'Look at Me Now.'
But chaos reigned for a short time when superfan Tiffany Green flubbed Brown's win of the Coca- Cola Viewer's Choice Award.
Green, a contest winner who won the opportunity to present the award, first announced that Brown had taken the prize, then quickly corrected herself and said that Rihanna had won. To confuse matters even more, host Terrence Jenkins then announced the real winner was Drake. After the show, a BET representative announced that Brown had won all along, and attributed the mix-up to "human error."
Best Movie: 'For Colored Girls'
Best Actress: Taraji P. Henson
Best Actor: Idris Elba
Young Stars Award: Jaden Smith & Willow Smith [tie]
Video of the Year: 'Look at Me Now' – Chris Brown f. Lil Wayne & Busta Rhymes
Video Director of the Year: Chris Robinson
Best Female R&B Artist: Rihanna
Bast Male R&B Artist: Chris Brown
Best Female Hip-Hop Artist: Nicki Minaj
Best Male Hip-Hop Artist: Kanye West
Best Group: Diddy-Dirty Money
Best Collaboration: 'Look at Me Now' – Chris Brown f. Lil Wayne & Busta Rhymes
Best New Artist: Wiz Khalifa
Best Gospel Artist: Mary Mary
Coca-Cola Viewers' Choice: 'Look at Me Now' – 'Chris Brown f. Lil Wayne & Busta Rhymes
Centric Award: Marsha Ambrosius
Subway Sportswoman of the Year: Serena Williams
Subway Sportsman of the Year: Michael Vick
Best Int'l Act, Africa: 2Face Idibia, Nigeria
Best Int'l Act, UK: Tinie Tempah
FANdemonium Award: Chris Brown
BET Lifetime Achievement: Pattie LaBelle
BET Humanitarian Award: Steve Harvey
[Aol TV]


text: For me, the heart of librarianship is learning. It's a cyclical process of support, engagement, and discovery with deep roots in the concepts of service, access, and freedom to pursue interests of all kinds. No matter what type of institution, someone is gaining knowledge, finding information, or creating something new […]The Heart of Librarianship by Michael Stephens from ALA Editions


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text:
Printer Friendly Version
Standard ECMA-305
Private Integrated Services Network (PISN)
- Specification, Functional Model and Information Flows - Wireless
Terminal Authentication Supplementary Services (WTMAU-SD)
(June 2000)
This Standard specifies the Authentication supplementary services, which are applicable to various basic services supported by Private Integrated Services Networks (PISN). Basic services are specified in ECMA-142.
Authentication of a WTM user (SS-WTAT) is a supplementary service that enables a PISN, as a security measure, to validate the identity provided by the WTM user.
Authentication of the PISN (SS-WTAN) is a supplementary service that enables a served WTM user, as a security measure, to validate the identity of the PISN.
The mechanisms used in these supplementary services are based on the challenge and response method of authentication. Authentication algorithms to be used by these two supplementary services (SS-WTAT and SS-WTAN) are outside the scope of this Standard. This Standard provides the information flows to convey the security parameters.
Supplementary service specifications are produced in three stages, according to the method described in CCITT Recommendation I.130.
This Standard contains the stage 1 and stage 2 specifications of SS-WTAT and SS-WTAN. The stage 1 specification (clause 6 and 7) specifies the supplementary service as seen by users of PISNs. The stage 2 specification (clause 8 and 9) identifies the functional entities involved in the supplementary service and the information flows between them.
The following file can be freely downloaded:


text:
SRAM News
November 25, 2012
November 25, 2012
SRAM Turns European Cycling Capitals Red!
Amsterdam, Utrecht (Netherlands) and Münster (Germany) were the first cities to get the SRAM Urban feeling.
SRAM is running a promotion tour in major European cycling capitals. The goal is to show SRAM's commitment to Urban Cycling and to raise awareness for SRAM.
At the three locations SRAM covered 5,000 dutch "fietse" at Amsterdam and Utrecht Centraal station and 3,000 "Fahrräder" at Münster Hauptbahnhof with RED saddle covers – a must have within those weather conditions.
Watch out for more SRAM Urban saddle covers in other European cycling capitals!
Check out the press here.


text:
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Posts tagged 'brown old chair'
By Blogger June 9, 2011
I've told many of you before that I'm uber cheap. So cheap in fact that I don't like to pay for my furniture. But sometimes you have to and I realize that, but sometimes you just get lucky on craigslist.


text:
Postal system
Postal system, the institution—almost invariably under the control of a government or quasi-government agency—that makes it possible for any person to send a letter, packet, or parcel to any addressee, in the same country or abroad, in the expectation that it will be conveyed according to certain established standards of regularity, speed, and security. The service is paid for in advance by the sender according to a relatively simple scale of fees based on weight and, in some countries, on speed of service required. Prepayment is ordinarily made by means of postage stamps, franking machine impression, or printed indication of postage paid; payment is not usually required of the addressee.
It may seem tedious to catalog at such length characteristics that are familiar to everyone. Their very familiarity, however, and the consequent unthinking acceptance of them make it important to emphasize that until recently postal systems lacked many of these features. Although the basic need for a system to exchange written communications has been felt by all human societies and has been met in many ways, the evolution of varied postal systems adopted by different societies through the centuries into the basically similar pattern of today's state monopoly service has been a long and difficult process.
Today the governments of many countries use their postal systems to provide a range of services that often have no direct connection with the traditional function of exchanging letters. To provide for the collection, transport, and delivery of letters throughout a country, it has been necessary to establish a network of post offices extending into the remotest areas. Such a network of offices, staffed by agents of the state, provides an efficient banking service in areas in which it would be uneconomic for a commercial or state bank to establish a branch office. Many governments also pay various social security benefits—such as pensions and family allowances—through vouchers that can be cashed at post offices. In some countries post offices also collect certain taxes, normally through the sale of licenses and revenue or tax stamps. In fact, a wide range of ancillary services is provided through the postal system. In some African and Asian countries, for instance, the postal system helps distribute antimalarial drugs. While the variety of such services clearly reflects the ever-increasing use made of postal systems throughout the modern world, they lie outside the scope of this article, which concentrates on the traditional postal or mail services.
Postal operations and management
The raw material of the postal services, always a single object that demands individual treatment, is something sent by one person (or entity) to another who may be anywhere in the world. Letters and parcels in all shapes and sizes are subject only to the limits of weight and dimension prescribed by postal legislation. Yet, if postal services are to be efficient and economical, these items must be mass-processed, as far as is possible. Thus, the basic function of postal organization is to convert the individual item as rapidly as possible into something that can be handled on a bulk basis, ensuring, however, that it finally regains its individual status.
The collection and sorting of individual items by the most economic method, concentrating together all items that are going to the same place or in the same direction, involves the use of local transport, usually operated by the postal services themselves, and sorting offices. The size of the sorting office depends on local requirements, but some are, in fact, large centres that handle several million items a day and employ thousands of personnel. Certain ancillary operations are involved, such as the canceling (by machine in all except the smallest offices) of stamps that have served to prepay the postal charge.
The next stage is to transport the grouped items to different destinations that may be intermediate sorting offices, perhaps a railway sorting car. Items are combined by further sorting with mail from other sources to permit grouping the mails for final destinations.
The third stage is the arrival of the mail at the sorting office of the final destination, where it is sorted systematically. The items finally recover their identity and are grouped for delivery to the individual address. In most countries, delivery is on a house-to-house basis, although boxes at a local post office are sometimes used.
All stages have to be planned and dovetailed to meet an overall standard of performance. The transport of mail between sorting offices is normally by services not necessarily directly operated by the post office—i.e., by truck, bus, train, marine shipping, or air services. In some countries, however, the administration operates its own air service, usually by night, to supplement the public services. Post-office counter services (i.e., the public offices that existed originally as depots where the public could buy stamps, make inquiries, and post and collect correspondence) have in many countries gone beyond the role of accessory to the postal service proper and pose their own problems of organization.
Postal services require extensive manpower. Many countries are striving to mechanize or even automate sorting, transport, and counter processes. Postal organization depends largely on geography; large agglomerations of population present the greatest problems. Furthermore, geography usually determines the routing of mails and the intermediate steps between the posting and destination offices. Traffic problems have forced postal managers, through the years, to develop their own approach to the operational aspects of postal organization. They developed their own work-study methods and operational research techniques long before these terms were invented. Apart from postal operations as such, postal management is concerned with the efficient administration and deployment of large bodies of manpower, the organization of large transport fleets, many aspects of property management, and financial and economic problems, particularly in an increasing number of countries where the postal services are expected to depend on their postal revenue in order to meet all of their costs (including those related to capital expenditure). Computer technology is increasingly exploited as a management aid.
In this connection, many of the developed and developing countries have come to realize that postal services often operate within a commercial market where competition can be fierce and efficiency is the watchword. With the adoption of marketing and sales techniques, new services emphasizing speed, convenience, and reliability have been introduced. One such service is express mail, known under different service names according to the country (Express Mail in the United States, Datapost in Great Britain and Germany). At additional cost, this service, in which about half the UPU membership participates, provides expedited conveyance and individualized priority handling of correspondence and goods.
Message-relay systems of the ancient world
Since good communications were clearly essential for governing the extensive empires of the ancient world, it is not surprising that among the earliest historical references to postal systems were those concerning Egypt about 2000 bc and China under the Chou dynasty 1,000 years later. It was probably in China that a posthouse relay system was first developed and was brought to a high state of development under the Mongol emperors. The great Persian Empire of Cyrus in the 6th century bc also employed relays of mounted messengers, served by posthouses. The system was favourably described by the Greek historians Herodotus and Xenophon. The admiration of the Greeks was natural since their political divisions inhibited the growth of a coherent postal system, although each city-state possessed its corps of messengers.
The development of Rome from a small city-state into a vast empire embracing most of the known world brought with it the necessity for reliable and speedy communications with the governors of distant provinces. This need was met by the cursus publicus, the most highly developed postal system of the ancient world. The relay stages of the cursus publicus, established at convenient intervals along the great roads of the empire, formed an integral part of its complex military and administrative system. The speed with which messengers were able to travel during the peak of the administration was not to be rivaled in Europe until the 19th century: it has been claimed that more than 170 miles (270 kilometres) could be covered in a day and a night. The maintenance of the cursus publicus required a high degree of organization; an inspectorial system existed to control its operation and prevent abuse for private ends.
The fall of the Roman Empire in the west during the 5th century did not completely destroy the cursus publicus. Its advantages were evident to the new barbarian rulers; some, such as Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, who ruled Italy from ad 493 to 526, are known to have maintained the essentials of the Roman postal system within their own domains. Even in the early 9th century, under the Carolingian Empire, the vestiges of the cursus publicus appear to have persisted, and posthouses were maintained. While the service did not follow a regularly organized pattern, it was at least reasonably frequent. The continued decay of the Roman roads, the increasing unwillingness of communities bordering the roads to support the expenses of the system, and the progressive political fragmentation of Europe, however, caused all traces of the Roman postal system to disappear.
The cursus publicus fared better in the Byzantine Empire because its provinces were eventually absorbed into the Islāmic Empire. The substitution of one centralized imperial regime for another meant that the cursus publicus could be incorporated into a similar Arabian postal system based in Baghdad.
The pre-Columbian civilizations of America, responding to the same needs as the imperial states of Asia and Europe, also evolved relay systems, limited to foot messengers. In the Inca Empire, posthouses were maintained at frequent intervals along the remarkable road network, and a like system probably served the Mayan civilization for more than 1,000 years.
Growth of business correspondence in the Middle Ages
The end of the reign of the last Carolingian king in 987 marked the beginning of several centuries of confusion in Europe, in which it is difficult to trace any postal system worthy of the title. Since the kings of the period were constantly struggling to assert their authority over their unruly feudal vassals, the strong central authority that sustained most postal systems was lacking. The uncertain political situation did not favour the creation of a regulated postal service, though it necessitated frequent contact between the kings and vassals and among the great princes. They, along with other powerful institutions—the municipalities, the religious orders, and the universities (notably in Paris)—started to maintain corps of messengers to serve their particular needs.
One of the more significant trends of the later Middle Ages was the development of international commerce and, with it, the growth of business correspondence. Many corporations or guilds established messenger systems to allow their members to maintain contacts with customers. Notable among these was the so-called Butcher Post (Metzger Post), which was able to combine the carrying of letters with the constant traveling that the trade required.
The mercantile corporations of Italy provided the most extensive and regular postal system of this period. Of particular importance were the links maintained from the mid-13th century between the great Italian commercial centres, such as Florence, Genoa, and Siena, and six important annual fairs held in the Champagne area of northern France. Two fixed dispatches were made to each of these fairs: the first to carry orders and commissions and the second to effect settlements. The service was carefully regulated. Conditions of acceptance, scales of payment, and timetables were laid down; the route was fixed, and hostels were maintained along the route. Since the Champagne fairs were attended by merchants from all over Europe, the postal system provided a valuable international link.
Italian business interests were also responsible for the only regular extra-European postal link of this period, between Venice and Constantinople. The extent and importance of Venetian business correspondence may be gauged from the fact that in 1320 the king of Persia accorded its couriers the right of free passage throughout his domains.
Russia shared in the general European trend toward the development of postal services in the 13th century. Horses and drivers for the transport of couriers were kept at regular staging posts to provide the so-called carriage express, which gradually developed into an organized system for the exchange of letters.
Growth of the post as a government monopoly
Institutional postal systems that developed during the later Middle Ages also conveyed letters between private persons, with or without official sanction and for a substantial fee in either case. Initially, such letters were relatively few. Outside the institutions with their own postal services, the number of literate people having interests that ranged beyond their own neighbourhoods was small.
In the late 15th century, however, the trend toward improved postal services was reinforced by Gutenberg's printing press (c. 1450) and the expansion of education. The growth of demand made letter carrying a profitable business, leading to the rise of private undertakings—the majority, like the Swiss Stumpelbotten, purely local in scope. Some, like the Paar family in Austria, developed postal organizations on a national scale. By far the most famous and extensive of such systems was that built up by the Thurn and Taxis family, who originally came from Bergamo near Milan, Italy. Under the patronage of the Habsburg emperors, they became the organizers of an extensive network of postal routes linking the imperial possessions. Their system developed throughout the 16th century until it covered most of Europe, using 20,000 couriers to operate a relay system that was speedy, efficient, and highly profitable.
Although the remnants of the Thurn and Taxis postal system survived in Germany up to 1867, it was essentially out of keeping—like the empire and the petty German states it served—with the main trend of development in Europe, the rise of nation-states with strong central governments. The first reflection of this trend in the postal sphere was the establishment of efficient national systems of relay posts under the control of the state. In France, Louis XI set up a Royal Postal Service in 1477 employing 230 mounted couriers. In England, a Master of the Posts was appointed by Henry VIII in 1516 to maintain a regular postal service along the main roads radiating from London. Neither of these systems was comprehensive, nor were they intended to serve the public. The security and regularity of the service along certain routes, however, inevitably resulted in an increasing amount of unofficial correspondence being carried. After initial attempts to prevent this practice in France, its fiscal advantages were realized, and the carrying of private mails was legalized about 1600. The basis of a real public service was not created until 1627, when fees and timetables were fixed and post offices established in the larger cities. In Britain, a separate public service was set up in 1635 by a royal proclamation "for the settling of the letter-office of England and Scotland." Thomas Witherings, a London merchant, was given the task of organizing regular services to run by day and night along the great post roads.
In both countries, these state systems naturally began to develop into monopolies since such an evolution was seen by rulers as advantageous both to the security and to the revenues of the state. In England, the establishment of state posts along the principal roads was accompanied by the suppression, under the royal monopoly, of private and municipal posts, although "common carriers" were still permitted to convey letters on routes not covered by the royal system.
In 1672 France declared postal services to be a state monopoly under which operating rights were sold. Private undertakings that had established legal rights in this field were allowed to continue, but private messenger systems were eventually forced out of business by state competition or were bought out. In 1719 the University of Paris, the most important private competitor, gave up its last postal privileges in return for substantial compensation.
There was still opportunity for private enterprise to succeed by introducing services that were not at that time provided by the state systems. It was in this way that an important step in postal history, the establishment of local collection and delivery services in the great cities of London and Paris, was taken. London was the first city to benefit from an urban service when one William Dockwra set up his Penny Post in 1680. Striking features of the scheme were that letters were prepaid and stamped to indicate place of posting and the time they had been sent out for delivery. Deliveries were made almost hourly. Dockwra's scheme was so successful that he was prosecuted for infringing the state monopoly, and his service was closed down in November 1682, only to be reopened by the government. Not until 1759 was a similar local service introduced in Paris. It too was quickly absorbed by the state postal system; but its originator, Claude-Humbert Piarron de Chamousset, was paid compensation. Thus, the state monopolies expanded their scope, happily combining an improved service to the public with greater profitability.
The pace of postal progress in England during the later 18th century was accelerated by remarkable economic growth and a consequent demand for better mail services to the growing commercial and manufacturing centres. The most striking improvements came as the result of an extensive program of road building that began about 1765, paving the way for the era of the stagecoach. These were first used by the post office in 1784 and rapidly superseded the mounted postboys on the main routes. They began by averaging six or seven miles an hour, but continuing improvements in the roads and in the design of the vehicles pushed this up to 10 miles an hour in the 1830s. With the stagecoaches making possible a general reorganization of the entire system of mail circulation, letters could be delivered the morning after posting in towns more than 120 miles from London. A carefully regulated postal service—unprecedented for its standards of speed, frequency, and security—was evolved during this period.
Despite the disruptive effects of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, great progress was made throughout Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in improving the speed and regularity of postal service and in providing internal delivery services for most of the larger cities. In the United States, too, postal services expanded at a remarkable rate: in 1789 only 75 post offices existed, but 40 years later there were more than 8,000.
Rowland Hill's reforms
The publication in 1837 of Post Office Reform: Its Importance and Practicability, by Rowland Hill (later Sir Rowland Hill), a British educator and tax reformer, is justly regarded as one of the most important milestones in postal progress. Based on an exhaustive study of the cost structure of postal operations, it demonstrated conclusively that conveyance charges were an insignificant factor in the total cost of handling a letter. The then current intricate charging scales based on distance were shown to be irrelevant: they inflated operating costs by requiring a host of clerks to apply them and to prepare complicated interoffice accounts. He also realized that another major item in the current cost structure—the collection of money payments on delivery—was easily avoidable. Hill's solution was a uniform rate of postage, regardless of distance, and prepayment of postage by means of adhesive stamps sold by the post office. Hill proposed a basic rate of one penny for each half ounce, calculating the "natural cost of distribution" to be slightly less than this. The cheapest current rate of postage was fourpence, and the average charge 6 1/4 pence (11.56 cents).
Not surprisingly, Hill's proposals rapidly gained strong support: popular agitation for the "penny post" overcame initial political disinterest, and the uniform rate and a system of prepayment by stamps were introduced in 1840. The originality of Hill's proposal for an adhesive postage stamp has been questioned but is irrelevant in considering the overall merits of his work. The significance of his reforms lies not only in the fact that they brought the post within the means of the mass of the people but also in the less obvious way in which they gave the postal system the technical capacity to deal with the vastly increased demand for postal service that ensued. The radical simplification of postal organization and methods characterizing Hill's reforms are the key to the speed and economy with which modern postal systems in many countries handle tens of millions of letters daily.
The chief features of Hill's system were gradually adopted in varying degrees by other countries throughout the world, first among which were Switzerland and Brazil in 1843.
The introduction of uniform cheap rates of postage for letters was accompanied by the establishment of even lower tariffs for newspapers (carried free in some countries) and for printed matter (e.g., the British "Book Post" of 1848). These reduced rates were perhaps originally intended to favour the spread of education but quickly expanded, under the vigorous pressure of vested interests, to cover all sorts of commercial documents, advertising matter, magazines, etc. An inexpensive form of correspondence, the postcard, first introduced by Austria in 1869, was soon adopted by most other countries.
The general postal reforms of the mid-19th century ensured maximum benefit from the technological progress in transport in the great age of the railway and the steamship. These new modes of conveyance permitted a far speedier, more regular, and more reliable mail service, both internally and internationally. Railways in particular had a marked effect on the organization of postal work: instead of merely using trains to carry mailbags more speedily, postal administrations soon introduced the practice of sorting the letters in transit, using specially adapted railway cars. This greatly multiplied the advantages of railway conveyance. The first traveling, or railway, post offices ran in 1838 between Birmingham and Liverpool and London and Preston. By the end of the century, Britain, many continental European countries, the United States, and India had built up a complex network of such services, allowing the delivery of letters the day after mailing at distances three or four times as great as had been possible with the stagecoach, exceeding 400 miles in some cases.
International postal reform: the Universal Postal Union
The advent of the steamship and the railway had provided the opportunity for speedier international postal services, and the expansion of commerce ensured a growing demand for such facilities. Unfortunately, serious obstacles to the free exchange of international mails existed. Postal relations between states were the subject of bilateral postal treaties that had multiplied alarmingly during the 19th century. Most large European states were party to at least a dozen treaties by the 1860s. Such treaties necessitated the maintenance of detailed accounts between the countries concerned. Owing to the bewildering variety of currencies and units of weight and measurement then in use, the accounts attained a complexity described by a contemporary postmaster general of the United States as "almost beyond belief." Understandably, the users of the post suffered from this chaotic situation and from the high international postage rates that were its natural result.
The first practical step toward reform did not come until May 1863, when the delegates of 15 European and American postal administrations met at the Paris Postal Conference, convening at the suggestion of the U.S. postmaster general. The conference established important general principles for the simplification of procedures, which were adopted as a model for subsequent bilateral treaties by the countries concerned.
The final step required the embodiment of these principles in a formal international treaty and the creation of an organization to administer them. An example was set by another conference at Paris two years later, which established the International Telegraph Union. Similar developments in the postal field were delayed by the advent of the American Civil War and the Franco-German War.
In 1868, however, a plan for a general postal union was put forward by the director of posts of the North German Confederation. Eventually, an international postal congress met, on September 15, 1874, in Bern. It was attended by representatives of 22 states, all European except for Egypt and the United States. On October 9 a "Treaty concerning the Establishment of a General Postal Union" was signed. It was implemented on July 1, 1875, when the General Postal Union came into being. This title was changed in 1878 to the Universal Postal Union (UPU), and the basic treaty was renamed the Universal Postal Convention. The treaty provides a uniform framework of rules and procedures for the exchange of international mails. The union grew rapidly, increasing its membership to 55 within 10 years. By 1914, when China was admitted, it included almost all independent countries. The scope of the union's activities also expanded. In addition to its primary role, it gradually extended its functions to cover other international services provided by postal administrations, such as money orders (1878), parcel post (1885), postal checks (1920), cash on delivery (1947), and savings banks (1957). The UPU has been a specialized agency of the United Nations since 1948.
Development of airmail
Balloon posts, apart from those organized during the sieges of Paris (1870) and Przemyśl (1915), for the most part only carried souvenir mail, owing to the balloons' uncontrollability. Airships overcame this problem but, again, did not establish themselves as a regular means of mail transport. It was only through the development of the airplane in the early decades of the 20th century that airmail truly came into its own. Certain experiments had been undertaken before World War I, such as airmail service between Hendon, on the northwestern outskirts of London, and Windsor in 1911 to mark the coronation of George V and flights between Paris and Bordeaux in 1913. Regular flights did not begin in the United States until 1918, and it was not until 1919, when the reliability of airplanes had considerably improved, that the first regular international service was introduced—between London and Paris. Other European links soon followed. On the long-distance continental and intercontinental routes airmail demonstrated its clear superiority over all surface transport. Technical factors delayed progress in opening up longer routes. The first American transcontinental airmail flight took place in 1920, but regular service did not begin until 1924. In 1926 a service between Egypt and Karāchi began and was linked to London in 1929. It was extended to Singapore by 1933 and to Australia in 1934. It was not until 1939 that a regular air service across the North Atlantic was launched with the takeoff of the Yankee Clipper, an American seaplane, on May 20.
While the growing availability of air flight did not affect basic postal organization as profoundly as the railways, its advantages of speed and operational reliability have been exploited in different ways since the 1920s. Prior to World War II, a number of European countries adopted the practice of forwarding letters to distant destinations at no extra cost to the sender (such as British mails sent to most parts of the British Empire). The consistently high costs of airmail curtailed this trend after the war. During the mid-1960s the UPU, in response to the continuing increase of aircraft capacity, adopted the policy of maximizing air conveyance of mail. In the mid-1970s, the concept of "surface air-lifted" (SAL) mails was developed in conjunction with the International Air Transport Association (IATA). This arrangement allows some mails to receive, for little or no surcharge, speedier transmission than by surface, but without the priority of fully surcharged mails. Use of SAL varies from country to country.
For individual correspondence, the most practical and inexpensive form of airmail remains the compact aerogram, which was introduced in Britain during World War II as a convenient way of writing to overseas military personnel. It consists of a sheet of lightweight paper suitably folded and gummed on all sides. Recognized by the UPU, the aerogram is available in most countries.
Advanced communications technology
Rapidly advancing computer and data transmission technologies of the late 20th century are being felt far more widely within the postal sector than were previous advances, such as improved roads, the railway, and the airplane. Although the latter enabled postal services to reform or enhance existing services, today's technologies go further by providing alternatives to the letter in the form of electronic messaging networks and electronic data-processing techniques to improve administrative efficiency.


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Publication Archive
This archive contains all documents published by cep over the last few years:
cepAdhoc: Incisive comment on current EU policy issues.
cepPolicyBrief: Concise 4-page reviews of EU proposals (Regulations, Directives, Green Papers, White Papers, Communications) – including a brief summary and economic and legal assessments.
cepInput: Impulse to current discussions of EU policies.
cepStudy: Comprehensive examination of EU policy proposals affecting the economy.
The EU wishes to combat late payment by businesses and public authorities. Therefore, it has submitted a Directive Proposal amending and complementing the existing Directive in essential parts. Particularly the enforcement of recovery costs is to be facilitated. In addition, special rules for public authorities are to be introduced for public authorities in delay.
Vertical agreements are entered into by undertakings which operate in the production or distribution chain at different levels. Such agreements are generally prohibited, however, the EC Treaty provides for exemptions from the general prohibition. The Commission decides whether or not an exemption is given. In its Block Exemption Regulation (EC) No. 2760/1999 and its Guidelines, the Commission is presenting the conditions according to which an agreement is deemed in line with competition law. Said Regulation expires on 31. May 2010. This summer the Commission has submitted a follow-up Regulation and Draft Guidelines for consultation. The drafts serve to take into account the latest developments of e-commerce.
The Commission wants to stimulate cross-border e-commerce in the EU by improving parcel delivery conditions.
The Commission wants to introduce a EU-wide reporting obligation for securities financing transactions, tighten rules on the rehypothecation of securities and extend the information requirements for investment funds.


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A speaker brought out to the pulpit a bucket of water. Without saying anything, he rolled up one sleeve and put his hand and arm down in the bucket and then pulled it out. He looked back into the bucket and then said, "Well, what do you know? There's no hole left where my arm was! The water has rushed to fill it up and leveled off at the top and no one would know my arm filled up space there."
The worst feeling we can have is to believe life is void and we'll live and die without making any difference. A resident of a nursing home asked a visitor as he was leaving, "Have you left anything behind?" She was thinking of a hat or raincoat or umbrella. But that question burned in his mind as he went about his daily duties. Will we "leave anything behind" that will make a positive difference through time on earth and through eternity?
He then explained that so many live and labor and die with time and circumstances "filling the hole up" leaving no record of any contribution we have left behind. What can we do that will not be washed into oblivion by time and circumstances? Will anything "last forever?"
I suggest four ways we can do something that will last forever. First, absorb and apply the Holy Bible. Second, affiliate with "Christ's bride," the Church. Third, live by the Holy Spirit God makes available for us. Fourth, do deeds or righteousness that help and encourage.
Isaiah said "So shall my word be which goes forth from my mouth; it shall not return unto me empty without accomplishing what I desire and without succeeding in the matter for which I sent it." (55:11) So, God's word, the scriptures, will be forever and that word, holy scripture, will help us latch on to something eternal.
There is something else which is eternal. Jesus says of the Church: "Upon this rock I will build my church and the gates of Hell shall not prevail against it." (Mt. 16:18). God's word and God's church will never fade away and what we do to embody what the scriptures say and participate in His church will never return empty. They are forever!
"If anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Him." (Ro. 8:9) What we do in the name and Spirit of Christ will last forever.
As Christmas approaches, I'll take advantage of every opportunity to hear and maybe even participate in singing The Messiah. The high point in the Messiah is the Alleluia Chorus proclaiming "And He shall reign forever and forever!"
The Word of God, the Church of God, the Spirit of God through Jesus Christ, deeds done for Christ … these keep life from being meaningless and passing into nothingness. Forget the disappointment of pulling your arm out of a bucket of water and not seeing any evidence you were here on earth! If you accept the Word of God and become part of the Church of God and live by Christ's spirit within you, every thing you do - even giving a cup of cold water - becomes part of eternity. Let this Christmas reassure us all we can be a vital part of eternity.


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NewsroomBack to List
Marriott Vacation Club Introduces New Vacation Ownership Program
June 21,2010
ORLANDO, Fla. - June 21, 2010 - Marriott Vacation Club, the premier timeshare brand of Marriott International, (NYSE: MAR), announced today the launch of the points-based Marriott Vacation Club Destinations program in North America and the Caribbean. Building on 25 successful years of innovation, evolution and industry leadership, the Marriott Vacation Club Destinations program offers greater flexibility, further personalization and more experience opportunities for Owners.
"After a quarter century of providing unforgettable vacations, we are excited to announce the most significant program innovation in our history: a new product offering that is easy to use and will provide our Owners unparalleled flexibility," said Lee Cunningham, executive vice president and chief operating officer for Marriott Vacation Club, North America and the Caribbean. "Over the years, we have successfully evolved our product offering based on Owner feedback, and the Marriott Vacation Club Destinations program reflects a tradition of Owner involvement and was designed specifically for both current and future Owners."
While the Marriott Vacation Club Destinations program in North America and the Caribbean will offer this enhanced opportunity to new customers going forward, current Owners will maintain the full rights and privileges of their ownership. At the same time, existing Owners will have the choice to enroll in this new program to further enhance their vacation experience.
The Marriott Vacation Club Destinations program allows Owners to redeem Vacation Club Points to travel within any of four Vacation Collections.
- Marriott Vacation Club Collection: Enjoy reservation access among more than 50 luxurious Marriott Vacation Club resorts, including: ease of any day check-in, varied lengths of stay, wide array of accommodation sizes, and more choice of travel season at resorts in North America and the Caribbean.
- Marriott Collection: Choose from over 3,000 hotels and experience new destinations through trade for Marriott Rewards points.
- Explorer Collection: Journey to new lands or cruise the seas in luxury with exchange for memorable and exceptional travel packages.
- World Traveler Collection: Access a global system of over 2,500 resorts in more than 75 countries through Interval International.
Annually, Marriott Vacation Club Destinations Owners will receive an allocation of Vacation Club Points to redeem for customized getaway experiences. They will also have the ability to bank, borrow, or purchase additional Vacation Club Points each year. In addition, the new program provides Owners the services of a personal Vacation Ownership Advisor to assist in travel arrangements within any one of the four Collections.
Since its inception in 1984, Marriott Vacation Club has continued to redefine the vacation ownership experience. Owners enjoy the assurance of a program from a recognized leader in the timeshare industry, now offering a more tailored experience enabling effortless travel around the world "the Marriott way."
About Marriott Vacation Club
Marriott Vacation Club is a worldwide leader in vacation ownership with a program highly regarded for its quality and unique flexibility. In 1984, Marriott became the first branded hospitality company to enter the timeshare industry, adding its signature quality, service and hospitality expertise. After more than 25 years of innovation and evolution, the Marriott Vacation Club Destinations program was introduced in 2010 offering unmatched experiences and unparalleled flexibility through the use of Vacation Club Points in four Collections that can be tailored to fit an Owner's travel needs. The four Collections include: Marriott Vacation Club Collection, Marriott Collection, Explorer Collection and World Traveler Collection. For more information, please visit www.marriottvacationclub.com. For nightly Marriott villa rentals, please visit www.marriott.com. Follow us on Twitter at www.twitter.com/MarriottVacClub.
Visit Marriott International, Inc. (NYSE:MAR) for company information.
Media ContactsNick Gollattscheck
Phone: (407) 513-6969
Cell: (407) 456-1662