text:
- 1 Bumblebee: Optimus for Linux
- 2 Installing Bumblebee with Intel / Nouveau
- 3 Installing Bumblebee with Intel / NVidia
- 4 Usage
- 5 Configuration
- 6 Troubleshooting
- 7 Important Links
Bumblebee: Optimus for Linux
From Bumblebee's FAQ:
Bumblebee is a effort to make Nvidia Optimus enabled laptops work in GNU/Linux systems. Such feature involves two graphics cards with two different power consumption profiles plugged in a layered way sharing a single framebuffer.
How it works:
Optimus Technology is an hybrid graphics implementation without a hardware multiplexer. The integrated GPU manages the display while the dedicated GPU manages the most demanding rendering and ships the work to the integrated GPU to be displayed. When the laptop is running on battery supply, the dedicated GPU is turned off to save power and longer the battery life.
Bumblebee is a software implementation based on VirtualGL and a kernel driver to be able to use the dedicated GPU, which is not physically connected to the screen.
Bumblebee tries to mimic the Optimus technology behavior; using the dedicated GPU for rendering when needed and power it down when not in use. The present releases only support rendering on-demand, power-management is a work in progress.
The Nvidia dedicated card is managed as a separate X server connected to a "fake" screen (the screen is configured but not used). The second server is called using VirtualGL as if it were a remote server. That said, you will need a series of steps to set-up the kernel driver, the X server and a daemon.
Installing Bumblebee with Intel / Nouveau
1) Install noveau and required packages first:
# pacman -S xf86-video-nouveau nouveau-dri mesa
- xf86-video-nouveau experimental 3D acceleration driver
- nouveau-dri Mesa classic DRI + Gallium3D drivers
- mesa Mesa 3-D graphics libraries
2) Install bumblebeeAUR from AUR:
# yaourt -S aur/bumblebee
3) Optional: if you like bumblebee to turn off the NVidia card automatically after usage, use bbswitchAUR from AUR:
# yaourt -S aur/bbswitch
4) Add your user to the bumblebee group:
# usermod -a -G bumblebee $USER
5) To start bumblebee automatically add it to your
DAEMONS array in
DAEMONS=(... @bumblebeed)
Finished - reboot system and use the shell program
optirun for Optimus Nvidia rendering !
Installing Bumblebee with Intel / NVidia
1) Install bumblebeeAUR from AUR:
# yaourt -S aur/bumblebee
2) Install special nvidia packages for bumblebee:
# yaourt -S aur/nvidia-bumblebee aur/nvidia-utils-bumblebee
3) It is secure now to install the nvidia driver:
# pacman -S nvidia
3) Optional: if you like bumblebee to turn off the NVidia card automatically after usage, use bbswitchAUR from AUR:
# yaourt -S aur/bbswitch
4) Add your user to the bumblebee group:
# usermod -a -G bumblebee $USER
5) To start bumblebee automatically add it to your
DAEMONS array in
DAEMONS=(... @bumblebeed)
Finished - reboot system and use the shell program
optirun for Optimus Nvidia rendering !
The command line programm
optirun shipped with bumblebee is your best friend for running applications on your Optimus Nvidia card.
Test Bumblebee if it works with your Optimus system:
# optirun glxspheres
If it succeeds and the terminal you are running from mentions something about your Nvidia - Gratulation - Optimus with Bumblebee is working!
General Usage:
# optirun [options] <application> [application-parameters]
Some Examples:
Start Firefox accelerated with Optimus:
# optirun firefox
Start Windows applications with Optimus:
# optirun wine <windows application>.exe
Use Nvidia Settings with Optimus:
# optirun nvidia-settings -c :8
You can configure the behaviour of Bumblebee to your needs. Fine tuning like speed optimization, power managment and other stuff can be configured in
Optimizing Speed
Bumblebee renders frames for your Optimus NVIDIA card in a invisible X Server with VirtualGL and transports them back to your visible X Server.
Frames will be compressed before they are transported - this saves bandwith and can be used for speedup optimization of bumblebee:
To use an other compression method for a single application:
# optirun -c <compress-method> application
Compressed Methods are:
Uncompressed Methods are:
To use a standard compression for all applications:
Set the
VGLTransport to
<compress-method> in
... [optirun] VGLTransport=proxy ...
Power Management
The goal of power management feature is to turnoff the Nvidia card when it is not used by bumblebee anymore.
To enable power managment for bumblebee install bbswitchAUR first:
# yaourt -S aur/bbswitch
Set the
PMMethod to
bbswitch in the driver section of
[bumblebeed] KeepUnusedXServer=false ... [driver-nvidia] PMMethod=bbswitch ... [driver-nouveau] PMMethod=bbswitch ...
Just restart bumblebee daemon to activate power managment:
# rc.d restart bumblebeed
Multiple monitors
You can set up multiple monitors with xorg.conf. Set them to use the Intel card, but Bumblebee can still use the NVIDIA card. One example configuration is below for two identical screens with 1080p resolution and using the HDMI out.
Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "intelgpu0" Monitor "Monitor0" DefaultDepth 24 Option "TwinView" "0" SubSection "Display" Depth 24 Modes "1980x1080_60.00" EndSubSection EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen1" Device "intelgpu1" Monitor "Monitor1" DefaultDepth 24 Option "TwinView" "0" SubSection "Display" Depth 24 Modes "1980x1080_60.00" EndSubSection EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor0" Option "Enable" "true" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor1" Option "Enable" "true" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "intelgpu0" Driver "intel" Option "XvMC" "true" Option "UseEvents" "true" Option "AccelMethod" "UXA" BusID "PCI:0:2:0" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "intelgpu1" Driver "intel" Option "XvMC" "true" Option "UseEvents" "true" Option "AccelMethod" "UXA" BusID "PCI:0:2:0" EndSection
You need to probably change the BusID:
$ lspci | grep VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)
The BusID is 0:2:0
[VGL] ERROR: Could not open display :8
There is a known problem with some wine applications that fork and kill the parent process without keeping track of it (for example the free to play online game "Runes of Magic")
A workaround for this problem is:
# optirun bash; optirun wine <windows program>.exe
[ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU
In some instances, running optirun will return:
[ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU - error: [XORG] (EE) No devices detected.
[ERROR]Aborting because fallback start is disabled.
In this case, you will need to move the file
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf to somewhere else. Restart the bumblebeed daemon, and it should work.
Credit for this goes to Lekensteyn on #bumblebee at freenode.net
Video tearing
Video tearing is a somewhat common problem on Bumblebee. To fix it, you need to enable vsync. It should be enabled by default on the Intel card, but verify that from Xorg logs. To check whether or not it is enabled for nvidia, run
# optirun nvidia-settings -c :8
X Server XVideo Settings -> Sync to VBlank and
OpenGL Settings -> Sync to VBlank should both be enabled. The Intel card has in general less tearing, so use it for video playback. Especially use VA-API for video decoding (e.g.
mplayer-vaapi and with
-vsync parameter).
Refer to the Intel article on how to fix tearing on the Intel card.
If it is still not fixed, try to disable compositing from your desktop environment. Try also disabling triple buffering.
Important Links
Join us at #bumblebee at freenode.net


text: Hello Till, I would like to understand how the backup and restore manager works. I need this as was with other modules not yet supported in API I manipulated them by directly adding respective "sys_datalog" contents. While I wanted to do the same with backup restore and download, I realized NO "sys_datalog" content is generated when any of the above tasks is executed. (This actually surprised me). Qn is: How do you initiate or what do you do in the database to initiate a backup restoration and or download. Thanks Joseph

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Military aircraft
Military aircraft, any type of aircraft that has been adapted for military use.
Aircraft have been a fundamental part of military power since the mid-20th century. Generally speaking, all military aircraft fall into one of the following categories: fighters, which secure control of essential airspaces by driving off or destroying enemy aircraft; bombers, which are larger, heavier, and less-maneuverable craft designed to attack surface targets with bombs or missiles; ground-support, or attack, aircraft, which operate at lower altitudes than bombers and air-superiority fighters and attack tanks, troop formations, and other ground targets; transport and cargo planes, big-bodied craft with large amounts of interior space for carrying weapons, equipment, supplies, and troops over moderate or long distances; helicopters, which are rotary-winged aircraft used for ground support, for transporting assault troops, and for short-distance transport and surveillance; and unmanned aerial vehicles, which are remotely controlled or autonomously guided aircraft that carry sensors, target designators, electronic transmitters, and even offensive weapons.
Early history
When the first practical aircraft were produced, in the form of hot-air and hydrogen balloons in 1783, they were adopted quickly for military duties. In 1793 the French National Convention authorized formation of a military tethered-balloon organization, and a company of "Aérostiers" was formed on April 2, 1794. Two months later the first military reconnaissance from such a balloon was made before the city of Maubeuge. Until the Aérostiers were disbanded in 1799, their reports contributed to the success of French armies in many battles and sieges. Similar reconnaissance balloons were used later by other armies, notably by both armies during the American Civil War and by the British in Africa from 1884 to 1901.
True military aviation began with the perfection of the navigable airship in the late 19th century and the airplane in the first decade of the 20th century. The brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright, who made the first powered, sustained, and controlled flights in an airplane on December 17, 1903, believed such an aircraft would be useful mainly for military reconnaissance. When they received the first contract for a military airplane from the U.S. government in February 1908, it called for an aircraft capable of carrying two persons at a speed of at least 40 miles (65 km) per hour for a distance of 125 miles (200 km). The aircraft they delivered in June 1909 was listed as "Airplane No. 1, Heavier-than-air Division, United States aerial fleet."
The most formidable aircraft of the years before World War I were airships rather than airplanes. Airships were large self-propelled craft consisting of a rigid fabric-covered metal frame within which were gas bags containing a lighter-than-air gas such as hydrogen. The most ambitious examples of this type of craft were the huge airships designed and built in Germany by Ferdinand, Count von Zeppelin. A typical zeppelin could carry five 50-kg (110-pound) high-explosive bombs and 20 2.5-kg (5.5-pound) incendiary bombs at a time when most military airplanes were without any form of weapons, being intended only for reconnaissance.
Experiments with arming airplanes were made spasmodically after 1910, when August Euler took out a German patent on a machine-gun installation. Bombing techniques evolved simultaneously. Dummy bombs were dropped on a target in the form of a ship by the American designer Glenn Curtiss on June 30, 1910. This test was followed by the dropping of a real bomb and the devising of the first bombsight. In England the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) fitted some of its aircraft with bomb carriers, which consisted of a kind of pipe rack beside the observer's cockpit in which small bombs were retained by a pin. The pin was pulled out over the target by tugging on a string. It was primitive but it worked. The Naval Wing of the RFC subsequently attempted to drop torpedoes from Short and Sopwith seaplanes, with some success, and efforts were soon under way to develop means to launch and recover such craft on shipboard. In 1910–11 a Curtiss biplane had been flown from and onto wooden platforms erected over the decks of anchored U.S. Navy cruisers, and in May 1912 a pilot of the Naval Wing, RFC, flew a Short S.27 biplane from HMS Hibernia while the ship was steaming at 10.5 knots. The following year the old cruiser Hermes was fitted with a short deck from which seaplanes took off on wheeled trolleys that were fitted under their floats and dropped away as the machines became airborne.
Thus, by 1914, reconnaissance, bomber, and carrier-based aircraft all were evolving, and some had been used in combat. The first use of an airplane in war was on October 23, 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, when an Italian pilot made a one-hour reconnaissance flight over enemy positions near Tripoli, Libya, in a Blériot XI monoplane. The first bombing raid came nine days later, when a pilot dropped four grenades on Turkish positions. The first reconnaissance photographs of enemy positions were taken on February 24–25, 1912, in the same conflict.
World War I
At the start of World War I the German armed forces had 10 zeppelins and three smaller airships, but this impressive offensive capability was largely offset by the highly explosive nature of the hydrogen gas that gave the zeppelins their lifting power. After losing three zeppelins in daylight raids over heavily defended areas in the first month of the war, the army abandoned airship operations, but the navy, with its battle fleet blockaded in port by the Royal Navy, mounted a night bombing offensive—the first aerial strategic bombardment campaign in history.
The finest of the zeppelins was the LZ-70; this craft was 220 metres (720 feet) long, was able to fly above 4,900 metres (16,000 feet), and had a range of 12,000 km (7,500 miles). The LZ-70 was shot down late in the war, however, and large rigid (metal-framed) airships were never again employed as combat aircraft. Smaller, nonrigid airships were used throughout World War I by the British for antisubmarine patrol, convoy escort, and coastal reconnaissance, achieving a remarkable record of protecting coastal convoys from German submarines. They were revived by the U.S. Navy during World War II for the same use.
Unpowered, captive balloons also were used extensively for observation and artillery spotting in World War I, but by World War II they had become so vulnerable that they were used only as unmanned antiaircraft barrage balloons. Anchored to the ground or ships by cables, they compelled attacking enemy aircraft to fly high to avoid the cables; they also brought down many German pilotless V-1 "buzz bombs" over England in 1944–45.
Reconnaissance aircraft
At the outbreak of World War I, heavier-than-air craft were used only for visual reconnaissance, since their feeble engines could carry little more than a pilot and, in some cases, an observer aloft. They soon proved their worth in this mission, however, and RFC aviators provided reconnaissance that enabled the British and French armies to counterattack in the decisive Battle of the Marne on September 6–12, 1914, turning back the invading Germans just short of Paris.
More powerful engines and better aircraft designs soon made possible specialized reconnaissance aircraft that could fly at high altitudes to avoid interception. The Germans, for example, had Rumpler two-seaters in service by 1917 that could operate as high as 24,000 feet (7,300 metres). Radios were carried aloft to permit aerial observers to spot and adjust artillery fire, at first with transmitters only and then, as radios became lighter, with receivers for two-way communication.
The importance of aerial reconnaissance and artillery spotting (particularly the latter) made it clear that the belligerent able to deny the enemy use of airspaces above the battlefield would enjoy enormous advantages. This realization led to the emergence of fighters as a distinct category of aircraft. In the early days of the war, pilots and observers blazed away at enemy aircraft with pistols, rifles, and even shotguns, but to little effect. Machine guns were the obvious solution. In 1913 the Vickers company in Britain had exhibited a two-seat biplane of pusher configuration (i.e., with the propeller behind the engine) that was armed with a machine gun fired by an observer who sat ahead of the pilot in a tublike crew compartment. A development of this machine, the Vickers F.B.5 Gunbus, entered service in early 1915 as the first production aircraft designed from the outset with air-to-air armament. The French armed similarly configured Voisin pushers with machine guns (one had shot down a German aircraft as early as October 5, 1914), but, burdened with the extra weight of observer and gun, such aircraft were slow and unmaneuverable, and their successes were mostly the result of accidental encounters. Light single-seat aircraft of tractor configuration (i.e., with the propeller at the nose) had much better performance, but efforts to arm them with machine guns firing at an angle to avoid hitting the propeller produced little success.
The solution to the problem emerged in the spring of 1915 in the form of an interrupter gear, or gun-synchronizing device, designed by the French engineer Raymond Saulnier. This regulated a machine gun's fire so as to enable the bullets to pass between the blades of the spinning propeller. The interrupter itself was not new: a German patent had been taken out on such a device by the Swiss engineer Franz Schneider before the war. The real breakthrough was made by Roland Garros, a famous sporting pilot before the war and a friend of Saulnier, who perceived that a machine gun fitted with such a device and mounted rigidly atop the fuselage could be aimed accurately simply by pointing the airplane in the desired direction. Though the French machine gun had a tendency to "hang fire," so that steel deflector plates had to be fitted onto the rear of the propeller blades to prevent their being shot off, Saulnier quickly perfected his device and fitted it to Garros's Morane L monoplane. With this machine, Garros shot down three German aircraft on April 1, 13, and 18. Then, on April 19, Garros himself force-landed with a ruptured fuel line and was taken prisoner. His efforts to burn his aircraft failed, and the secrets of Saulnier's interrupter gear were laid bare. The Germans reacted quickly, putting the designer Anthony Fokker to work on a similar device. With Saulnier's gear as his inspiration (and perhaps drawing on earlier German work), Fokker swiftly came up with an efficient interrupter gear, which he fitted onto a monoplane of his own design—ironically, a copy of a French Morane. The result was the Fokker Eindecker ("monoplane"), which entered service in July 1915 and reigned supreme in the air over the Western Front until the following October—a period known among Allied aviators as the "Fokker Scourge."
The Eindecker's mastery was ended by new versions of the French Nieuport with a machine gun mounted above the top wing, allowing it to fire clear of the propeller arc, and by British D.H.2 and F.E.2b pushers with nose-mounted guns. Though a superb flying machine, the Nieuport was limited by its light armament, while the two British machines had taken the aerodynamically inefficient pusher configuration to its limit and were soon outclassed. Thereafter, the pace of fighter development began to be set by improvements in engine design—a phenomenon that was to persist well into the jet age.
Most Allied fighters at that time were powered by rotary radial engines (i.e., with the cylinders, arranged radially about the crankcase like the spokes of a wheel, rotating around a stationary crankshaft). These engines were relatively powerful in relation to their weight, but their large frontal areas produced a great deal of drag, and the gyroscopic forces induced by their whirling mass posed serious aircraft-control problems. In mid-1916 Germany took the lead in fighter design on the basis of its superb Daimler and Benz water-cooled in-line engines, such as those that powered the streamlined Albatros D.I, D.II, and D.III series of fighters. These were faster than their Allied opponents and, most important, could carry two machine guns without sacrificing performance. The Albatros D.I pioneered a fighter configuration that was to prevail into the 1930s: a compact single-seat, externally braced tractor biplane armed with two synchronized machine guns mounted ahead of the pilot on the upper fuselage decking and aimed with a simple ring-and-bead sight. Albatros fighters gave British airmen a terrible drubbing above the Arras battlefield during the "Bloody April" of 1917, but a new generation of French and British fighters with more powerful engines soon tilted the balance toward the Allies. Prominent among these were the French Spad fighters and the British S.E.5, both powered by the Spanish-designed and French-built Hispano-Suiza watercooled V-8, as well as the British Sopwith Camel and new versions of the French Nieuport, powered by improved rotary radial engines.
Though Germany fell decisively behind France and Britain in aircraft production in 1917, and thus lost the war in the air, perhaps the definitive single-seat fighter of World War I was the Fokker D.VII of 1918. Typically powered by a 160-horsepower Mercedes engine, the D.VII was a fabric-covered biplane that differed from others in having a sturdy fuselage structure of welded steel tubing. Armed with two machine guns, it had a top speed of 188 km (117 miles) per hour. Even more powerful engines made two-seat fighters possible. The best of these was the British Bristol F.2b, powered by the 220-horsepower water-cooled Rolls-Royce Falcon, a V-12 engine that gave the Bristol a top speed of almost 120 miles (200 km) per hour. The F.2b was armed with a synchronized machine gun for the pilot and two flexible machine guns for the observer.
Ground attack
The Allies fielded specialized aircraft for ground attack only at the very end of the war. Notable among these was the Sopwith Salamander, a development of the Sopwith Camel with an armoured cockpit and two machine guns firing downward through the floor at a fixed angle to rake enemy trenches while flying low over them. The Germans produced a number of specialized two-seat aircraft for this purpose—notably the Halberstadt CL.III of 1917, which was armed with a forward-firing synchronized machine gun as well as a flexible gun and racks of grenades for the observer. At the Battle of Cambrai in November and December 1917, the Germans sent large formations of such aircraft over the British trenches and into the rear areas with devastating effect. By the end of the war, they were using numbers of armoured all-metal Junkers J-1 ground-attack aircraft, one of the most advanced machines to see combat during the war.
Since they had to carry heavy disposable loads over long distances in order to be effective, specialized bombers were slower to develop. The first bombing raids to achieve significant success (and the first to cross national boundaries) were mounted against the Zeppelin works at Friedrichshafen from Belgian bases by airmen of the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) on October 8 and November 21, 1914. However, their spectacular success owed more to the highly flammable nature of the zeppelins themselves than to the destructive power of the 20-pound (9-kg) bombs used. These raids prompted the Admiralty to commission the development of the first specialized heavy night bomber, the Handley Page H.P. O/100, which flew for the first time in December 1915. Meanwhile, other air forces began building and putting into service strategic day bombers. Among the first were French Voisins. The type L was used in early 1915 to carry about 60 kg (130 pounds) of small bombs that simply lay in the bottom of the cockpit until the time came for the observer to drop them overboard. Later models had more powerful engines and were equipped alternatively as attack aircraft, carrying up to 300 kg (660 pounds) of bombs or having a 37-mm (1.5-inch) gun mounted in the nose. None flew faster than 135 km (85 miles) per hour, so the Voisins operated mainly under cover of darkness in the last year of the war.
Italy too was quick to appreciate the value of bombing attacks on enemy targets. Its big three-engined, twin-tailboom Capronis were among the finest bombers of World War I. Even larger were the Russian Ilya Muromets bombers of the tsar's Squadron of Flying Ships. Designed by Igor Sikorsky, now remembered mainly as a helicopter pioneer, these biplanes spanned about 30 metres (100 feet) and were descended from his "Russky Vityaz" of May 1913, the world's first successful four-engined airplane. About 80 were built, and they made 400 raids on German targets with the loss of only one plane. The best-known German strategic bombers of World War I were twin-engined Gotha "pusher" biplanes, which made several daylight raids on London in formation in the summer of 1917 before reverting to night operations. The German air force also operated a family of giant four-engined metal bombers known as Riesenflugzeug, or R-planes. Typical of these was the Staaken R.VI number R.25, which was powered by four 260-horsepower Mercedes engines. This had a takeoff weight of 11,372 kg (25,269 pounds), which included a crew of seven and a bomb load of up to 1,800 kg (4,000 pounds).
Naval aviation
Equally significant progress was made in naval flying in World War I. Three distinct categories of combat aircraft emerged: long-range overwater reconnaissance and antisubmarine aircraft operating from shore bases, shorter-range floatplane reconnaissance and fighter aircraft, and ship-borne aircraft. Long-range flying boats (so called because their fuselages were shaped like the hull of a boat) were used extensively by the British. These pioneered the technique of searching for submarines with methodical, mathematically developed search patterns. The German navy made extensive use of reconnaissance and fighter floatplanes from Belgian coastal bases to counter Allied air patrols and coastal naval operations. Some of these, notably Hansa-Brandenburg machines designed by Ernst Heinkel, rivaled their land-based equivalents in performance.
The most efficient of the long-range coastal-based airplanes were large twin-engined flying boats designed by Glenn Curtiss and others. Despite their bulk, these aircraft were sufficiently fast and maneuverable to engage enemy zeppelins and aircraft in combat. Curtiss's flying boats were the only aircraft of U.S. design to see frontline combat service in World War I.
Carrier-based air power also advanced rapidly. In early 1916 the first landplanes (British Sopwith Pups) were flown off the 200-foot (60-metre) decks of primitive carriers that had been converted from merchant ships, and on August 2, 1917, a pilot landed a Pup on the takeoff deck of HMS Furious while the ship was under way. The concept of the true aircraft carrier had been born.
Britain went on to develop more formidable naval aircraft, and in October 1918 a squadron of Sopwith Cuckoos, each able to carry an 18-inch (46-cm) torpedo, was embarked on HMS Argus. The war ended before the squadron could go into action, but the RNAS had already used torpedoes dropped from Short seaplanes to sink enemy ships in the Mediterranean, and the Cuckoo, with its modest top speed of 103 miles (166 km) per hour and endurance of four hours, heralded the eventual demise of the battleship in the face of air-power dominance at sea.
Air transport and training
Military air transport showed little development in 1914–18. Aircraft were used on occasion to drop supplies to cut-off or besieged forces, but the methods were primitive in the extreme: bags of food, medical supplies, or munitions were dropped from bomb racks or simply heaved over the side.
Conversely, training made enormous strides during the war. At the RFC School of Special Flying at Gosport, England, Maj. Robert Smith-Barry introduced a curriculum based on a balanced combination of academic classroom training and dual flight instruction. Philosophically, Smith-Barry's system was based not on avoiding potentially dangerous maneuvers—as had been the case theretofore—but on exposing the student to them in a controlled manner so that he could learn to recover from them, thereby gaining confidence and skill. Technologically, it was based on the Avro 504J, a specialized training aircraft with dual controls, good handling characteristics, adequate power, and in-flight communication between instructor and student by means of an acoustic system of soft rubber tubing—the so-called Gosport tube. For the first time, military pilots flew into action as masters of their airplanes. The Gosport system of training was eventually adopted at training schools throughout the world, remaining the dominant method of civil and military flight instruction into the jet age.


text:
It made sense, after all, to use gravity to our advantage, especially because we were traveling in the oxygen-poor air three miles above sea level. But after 4 1/2 hours bouncing over kidney-bruising roads, shoehorned in the back seat of a Jeep with three others, our legs intertwined like spaghetti, I wondered if we had made a mistake.
I braced myself with one hand on the seat and one on the roof, trying, with each jackhammer-like jolt, not to land in my companions' laps.
The Jeep swayed heavily as we bounced through rocks and dirt. It was a challenge for my brother-in-law, Kevin Cadle, to keep his hands on the steering wheel. "Welcome," he said, "to the 95% of roads in
We had been climbing steadily on dirt roads since leaving La Paz, the capital, at 12,000 feet. Through dusty rear windows I could see the snowy peaks of the Cordillera Real range. The tallest stood more than a mile above our heads in a cloudless cobalt sky. We had timed our June 2001 visit to take advantage of the winter's clear weather.
Kevin stopped to secure our backpacks, which were lashed to the roof rack. Happy for a chance to stretch my legs, I jumped out with Michael Fredette, a stocky 25-year-old from
I had come here to see what had drawn the teachers to Bolivia -- a country I never before dreamed of visiting. But a few days immersed in the country's culture and scenery convinced me that Kevin had discovered one of the few places on the globe largely untouched by the modern world.
We climbed back into the Jeep, and when we crossed the Río San Cristóbal, it seemed we had stepped back in time.
Narrow cobblestone streets led to a central square, which was sun-drenched and empty at midday. Across from the church on the palm-lined plaza, we spotted the Residencial Sorata, a sprawling former colonial mansion with open verandas overlooking gardens, where we would stay before our trek. It is among the few lodgings in town. Airy hallways with wrought-iron railings hung over verdant gardens. I had to memorize the route between our two rooms, which required climbing stairs, crossing an atrium, winding along overgrown pathways and passing through several gates between the whitewashed buildings. The room I shared with Kevin and Michael had double glass doors that opened into a large room with mismatched furniture.
Leaving the hotel and the others behind to deal with a repair on the Jeep, I wandered the Plaza Enrique Penaranda. Aymara and Quechua Indians lined the sidewalks, sitting with their hands folded in front of displays of fruit, vegetables and wool clothes for sale. I bought some sweet finger-sized bananas, which I ate like candy.
Sorata gained prominence with rubber and gold, which the Incas carted off to Peru. In the colonial era, German families capitalized on the mines, many of which are still working. One German baron established the Casa Gunther in 1895, now the Residencial Sorata.
There were few shops to browse in, so I wandered the village's steep streets, climbing above the sea of red tile roofs for an exceptional view of the terraced hillsides that drop sharply to San Cristóbal. After the diesel-choked thoroughfares of La Paz, Sorata offered some much-needed tranquillity, and it was perfect preparation for our hike.
Echoes of Incan footsteps
We chose the Choro Trail, a one-way trek from La Cumbre to Coroico, because it was the easiest, though we had to backtrack south to La Paz to reach the trail head. Many other good trails, including the Lagunas Glacier and Chillata, Camino de Oro and Mapiri, begin in Sorata. Some are one-way journeys, as ours was. We hired a car to take us back to the trail head.
Our route would take us from the snowy reaches of the Andes to the jungle on the edge of the Amazon River basin. The transition is abrupt. On the 45-mile Choro Trail, we would descend 10,000 feet.
At a 15,900-foot pass, still free of snow, we donned our packs. "This is as high as I've ever been," David said. We stood higher than any point in the continental U.S., and still we could see much higher peaks.
A well-worn path sliced down the mountainside and into a deep canyon. As we walked down the trail, we stepped back to a time when the Incas ruled. The route was part of the network of highways that connected the Incan empire from Ecuador to northern Chile. As they had for centuries, Incas and their descendants, the Quechua, had crossed and recrossed this path.
The route through the grassy, arid plateau of the puna was well marked. We followed it for four hours into Achura, a small village that was only a few stone buildings surrounded by low-lying walls. Smoke from evening fires drifted in the thin air. The light had grown dim, obscured by the fog that had come up from the jungle. From here we would drop into the Yungas, a steamy cloud forest, wet year-round.
We stopped for the evening, carefully crossing a farmer's field to camp beside the Phajchiri River. As we set up our tents, small figures appeared in the mist -- local children who stood like pillars, impervious to the cold. We had put on everything we had, jackets, pants and wool caps, and still we tried to warm our hands over the blue flame of the camp stove.
"One night out here I can handle," Kevin said, "but I can't imagine a whole lifetime."
The refrigerated air got us started early the next morning. As we trekked below Achura, the stonework of the Incan road appeared, tightly fitted and level, sweeping down the valley to green and lush steep slopes. We moved quickly over the path, which in places stretched to 15 feet, excessively wide for the light traffic we encountered early on a sunny morning.
The jungle soon overtook the stone trail, and then it nearly overtook us. Large ferns and banyan trees with roots that snaked in all directions made the going difficult. Twice, Kevin lost his footing above a ravine, but a quick grab at the hip-high brush stopped his fall. Making the trail even slicker was the rain that began to fall as soon as we dipped below the clouds. A light but constant stream coursed into my shirt and through the tops of my boots, and I sloshed with each step.
The path turned to dirt and the dirt to mud as we hiked under a canopy of trees that filtered out most of the daylight. In the shadows and underbrush, I spotted tight-fitting stonework structures that bore the characteristic Incan trapezoidal openings.
I puzzled at their purpose. Maybe they were storehouses to feed armies along the trail. Maybe they were cisterns for water. At that moment, I felt as if I were part archeologist, part explorer, part historian.
That evening, perched on a ledge high above an unnamed valley, we found a clearing big enough to pitch our three tents. The clouds brushed the tops of our heads, while the sunlight snagged the rocky peaks we had just passed. Far below we could hear the roar of the Huarinilla River, which drains the high Andes and eventually joins the Amazon.
From the trees came the screech of a flock of parrots. We found enough dead wood to start a good blaze. In the damp, still air, every snap of moisture from the burning branches reverberated around our little alcove.
We sat looking out across the valley. We could not see a single structure. We were connected to the rest of the world only by the thread of a muddy path, centuries old.


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These eight legged creatures slide along the land. They have a small head with wide spaced eyes and long tentacle legs. Each tentacle has a few suction cups to hold tight to rocks or prey, so their beak can tear into it. Their most important aspect is that they are chameleons: able to change their skin to look like soil, rock, and sometimes a flower. They normally hunt small creatures, usually rats, from surprise.
Crawlers are most prized by the people of the Marches for the dyes they keep in their gland sacks. They are edible, if all glands and organs are carefully removed. Their meat is tasty, but is sooo chewy as to be nearly inedible. Some people keep the somewhat intelligent creatures as pets.


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Feb 07, 2012
NEW HAVEN, Conn. - Following a strong all-around performance at UNH last Saturday, freshman Morgan Traina was the second Yale gymnast in two weeks to be named ECAC Rookie of the Week. Freshman teammate Joyce Li received the same honor last week.
Traina, who hails from Stevenson Ranch, Calif., scored a 38.1 to finish third in the all-around competition. Additionally, Traina scored a 9.475 on vault, a 9.675 on bars, a 9.75 on beam, and a 9.2 on the floor exercise. Traina tied for tenth on vault and was second on bars. She was Yale's top finisher on beam, where she placed fifth.
Traina's scores helped Yale achieve a season-high team total of 190.275 and to beat Ivy opponent Brown.
Report filed by Margaret Greenberg '12, Yale Sports Publicity.


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Call it the urge to unmerge. It's a desire many IT directors feel. Sometimes the message comes from their managements and occasionally it comes from inside their own heads. It's the call to spin off the IT organisation as a separate, though affiliated, company. To an accountant, spinning off the IT department can make great sense. In-house IT teams code their own applications all the time. The software's intellectual property can seem like locked-up revenue.
Singapore-based logistics firm Accord Express has grabbed market share with its in-house warehouse management and vehicle tracking system, which serves customers like Samsung, Toshiba and Sony Ericsson.
Accord plans to spin off an IT business by 2006. "At the end of the day, people ask how IT is going to contribute towards the business," chief executive officer Marcus Wan told a Singapore publication.
Switching roles
Engineers more at home with a network diagram than a profit-and-loss sheet can steer a private company into trouble at internet speed. So where are the hardheaded business brains going to come from?
Switching from a technical to a business role was "exciting" for Peter Franke, CEO of Lufthansa Systems, an IT offshoot of the German carrier that acts as a systems integrator for the international airline and aviation market.
But the former senior vice president of network management at Lufthansa recalls a key initial difficulty was finding business talent: "We had to build our marketing and sales team from scratch."
Franke declines to discuss where he found his business people. One option for an entrepreneurial IT director, of course, is to raid the parent company for talent. Another is to plunder the IT vendors.
Take Kalido, a US-headquartered data warehousing software maker. When it broke away from Shell in 2001, it hired its marketing director from IBM, its sales head from Cognos, and its chief technology officer from Oracle.
An IT division that spins off into a business will likely do its first deal with the parent company. Simple enough. But then it has to compete with the big boys – the IT vendors – for orders from outside organisations. And that's never going to be easy.
For instance, even though having mighty Lufthansa as its launch customer "helped to open some doors for us", it was months before Lufthansa Systems landed its first deal with an outside company, admits Franke. The breakthrough came when Lufthansa Systems sold its crew-management system to LOT, the Polish airline, for US$6 million in 1995.
Develop a winning product
Competing in overseas markets may require capital injections. The trick here is to find the right backers.
Determined to go global, Kalido went to Atlas Venture and Benchmark Capital, two US venture capital firms that specialise in early-stage investments in IT companies, for a US$18 million shot in the arm last year. Both investors were impressed by Kalido's client list, which includes Unilever and Philips.
It helps to have a killer product, especially if you are going into a market that's crowded with powerful vendors.
Singapore-based intellectual property consulting firm Ella Cheong Spruson & Ferguson hopes to succeed in business intelligence software, a space dominated by giants like SAS Institute, Business Objects and Cognos.
Despite the daunting competition, the company believes its newly created IT subsidiary, i3 Research, has a potential winner in its proprietary Patent Intelligence Expert System. The software generates patent mapping reports to help companies, inventors and researchers monitor new patents and discontinued technology.
"The software is unique and will help the company desire better leverage past investments," says Tralvex Yeap, Ella Cheong Spruson & Ferguson's IT head.
Form strategic alliances
Sometimes non-IT firms buy into key suppliers of IT services. Through forming such a strategic alliance, the buyer obtains a closer relationship with the supplier and also taps into the vendor's income stream.
In 2002, Philippines-based electronics manufacturer Fastech Synergy was looking to diversify its business after the technology slump hurt sales.
It bought a 50 per cent stake in local IT consulting firm Pentathlon IT Asia. Fastech also merged its 15-person IT division with Pentathlon, outsourcing all IT functions to the new entity. Pentathlon's customers include Volvo, Nissan and Hyundai in the Philippines. The company has also developed and rolled out a financial, distribution, inventory and sales force automation system for Destileria Limtuaco, a wines and spirits producer.
John Payne, the president and CEO of Fastech Synergy, says the arrangement his company has with Pentathlon has helped it slash IT costs by up to 30 per cent.
He adds his internal users obtain better-managed services from "arms-length" relationships. Each job request, for instance, is closely monitored under a service level agreement.
It is clear there are many good arguments for turning entrepreneurial IT departments into businesses in their own right. Be warned, though. The path to spin-off business glory is littered with the bones of impulsive IT directors.
"You have to sit down and ask yourself: 'Is there really a demand for this product or service I'm offering?'," advises Allen Bacallan, IT director at General Milling, a Philippines-based integrated food company.
"And then, even if there is, do you have the funds, partnerships and skills to take your IT organisation to the skies?"
A super spin-off
In 1991, German airline Lufthansa was on the brink of bankruptcy after a decade of sliding financial performance and ballooning debt. CEO Jurgen Weber decided to turn the company around by cutting more than 8000 jobs and spinning off some departments as independent companies, starting with the airline's in-flight catering subsidiary.
Lufthansa returned to the black in 1994. A year later, the carrier spun off its IT department, which took the name of Lufthansa Systems. The new company, led by CEO Peter Franke, saw an opportunity to market its software to other airlines that, like Lufthansa, needed to lower costs. This includes seat-reservation, pricing and revenue management, passenger check-in, baggage-handling, route-planning, network-scheduling and aircraft-maintenance systems.
Singapore Airlines (SIA) and Thai Airways International became Lufthansa Systems' first Asian customers in 1999. Both carriers bought its business intelligence system, Market Information Data Tapes. SIA has also installed Lufthansa Systems' route-planning and cargo-booking management systems.
In 2003, to penetrate the low-cost carrier market, Lufthansa Systems sliced its enterprise applications into smaller modules. Now manned by 4400 personnel, up from 1000 workers in 1995, Lufthansa Systems services about 100 airlines today. But the Lufthansa group remains the IT supplier's largest single customer.
Join the CIO New Zealand group on LinkedIn. The group is open to CIOs, IT Directors, COOs, CTOs and senior IT managers.


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Feeling Tired? This Might Be Why
Spring is here and the weather is changing. Everyone is excited to throw on their shorts and t-shirts and get outside to enjoy all the many outdoor activities Missoula has to offer. But, do you feel less than motivated? When the sun is shining, do you still have a hard time getting off the couch? There may be an easy fix to what is causing your lack of motivation. Here are some hidden culprits, and what you can do to keep them from draining your energy.
Dehydration - If you are like me, then you might know that even moderate dehydration can make you feel mentally sluggish and mess with your concentration. So, the next time you're light-headed or groggy, don't reach for the snacks, try some good old H20 instead.
Cell phones – Did you know that checking your cell before bed amps up brain activity and makes it harder to fall asleep? The blue light from electronic gadgets can suppress the sleep hormone melatonin. 20 percent of people ages 19 to 29 are awakened by a call, text, or email at least a couple nights a week. So, if you want that restful night sleep, it's best to power your phone down well before bedtime.
Medications - Many drugs contain hidden energy-zapping side effects. Some of the most common culprits are antidepressants and beta-blockers used to prevent migraines or treat high blood pressure. If you start a new med and feel more lethargic than usual or if you have been on a med for a while but have noticed a change in your energy level, see if your doctor can prescribe an alternative med or take your dose right before bed.
Over Training - Can you have too much of a good thing? The answer is yes. Working out is great for zapping cortisol, the stress hormone. But, did you know that prolonged sweat sessions, like regularly running for more than 30 minutes at a steady rate, can actually rev cortisol production? Interval training (bursts of intense activity) combined with strength training (free-weight and body-weight moves) is the best way to keep cortisol balanced.
Low iron - Iron is an amazing little mineral whose job it is to shuttle oxygen around your body and remove waste from your cells. But, if you're not getting around 18 milligrams a day then your body will have a hard time functioning properly and you will start to feel worn out. If you have low iron levels then you may also have iron deficiency anemia. If you feel sluggish, you should ask your doctor for a simple blood test to see if you need an iron supplement. For more information go to http://health.yahoo.net/articles/womens-health/photos/5-sneaky-energy-suckers#0.


text: Hi, I have a problem with the following: When I add Virtual IP Addresses, I get a 404 error page. Configuration: 1 NIC (Eth0) = 192.168.2.2 4 Virtual IPs = 192.168.2.3 (till 192.168.2.6) ISPC DNS for the website dev.domain.com points to 192.168.2.3 The Hostfile is also configured, to resolve 192.168.2.3 to dev.domain.com I get a 404 error when I use the IP for this website. When I use "All available" IPs "*" it works. I need to fix this for using SSL cause right now SSL doesn't work on the websites and breaks Apache, when I enable it. Don't know what I'm missing right now, I broke the webserver 4 times now and just want to solve this. Anybody knows what I'm doing wrong?


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Fight 'Fat Talk' With Tyra Banks And Special K [VIDEO]
This video caught my eye over the weekend on Facebook. I watched it, then I was immediately ashamed. I'm so guilty of this. Yes, I am ashamed to say, I 'fat talk' myself.
As pointed out in the video, you would never talk to someone else in this negative manner, so why would you talk to yourself like this? 'Fat talk' is something that 93% of women do to themselves... It's been proven over and over again how damaging words can be. Some of the things we tell ourselves are down right cruel! After watching this, will you continue to speak to yourself in this manner? Change your words, change your life!
Tyra Banks is one of the celebrities working to change fat talk into positive talk along with Special K. Tyra not only says that she doesn't believe in diets, she says she was most successful at her biggest (size). Bless her for standing up for all 'curvy' women!


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Happisburgh, on Norfolk's North Sea coast, is a village with a population of 1400 people in about 600 houses. The village contains a notable stone church dating from the 14th century, an impressive manor house, listed buildings and a famous red and white striped lighthouse (Figure 1).
Although now a coastal village, Happisburgh was once some distance from the sea, parted from the coast by the parish of Whimpwell, long since eroded away. Historic records indicate that over 250 m of land were lost between 1600 and 1850.
More recently the village was affected by the tragic floods of 1953 that claimed the lives of 76 Norfolk residents. Figure 2 gives an example of the rapid coastal erosion at Happisburgh.
Coastal defences built at Happisburgh have slowed down the rate of retreat. However, large sections are now in disrepair. Sea-level rise and climate change, including increased storminess, may also increase the rate of erosion. Agriculture and tourism contribute significantly to the economy of the village and surrounding hinterland although this is threatened by the receding cliff line that, prior to the construction of a rock embankment at the northern end of the survey site, had claimed at least one property per year plus significant quantities of agricultural land.
The cliffs at Happisburgh range in height from 6 to 10 m and are composed of a layer-cake sequence of several glacial tills (Figure 3), separated by beds of stratified silt, clay and sand (Hart, 1987; Lunkka, 1988; Hart, 1999; Lee, 2003). The basal unit within the stratigraphic succession at Happisburgh is the How Hill Member of the Wroxham Crag Formation. These deposits are typically buried beneath modern beach material but are periodically exposed following storms (Figure 3). They consist of stratified brown sands and clays with occasional quartzose-rich gravel seams that are interpreted as inter-tidal/shallow marine in origin.
Unconformably overlying these marine deposits are a series of glacial lithologies deposited during several advances of glacier ice into the region during the Middle Pleistocene (c.780 to 430 ka BP) (Lee et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2004). The survey site has a tripartite geological succession.
The Happisburgh Till Member, crops-out at the base of the cliffs and its base is frequently obscured by modern beach material: it has a maximum thickness of 3 m. The Happisburgh Till Member is a dark grey, highly consolidated till with a matrix composed of a largely massive clayey sand with rare (<1%) pebbles of local and far-travelled material.
The upper surface of the till undulates and comprises a series of ridges and troughs upon which the overlying Ostend Clay member outcrops. This unit is between 2.3 and 3.4 m thick and consists of thinly-laminated light grey silts and dark grey clays.
In turn, these beds are overlain by 2 to 4 m, of weak, stratified sand (Happisburgh Sand Member) with occasional silty-clay horizons.
It is likely that the Norfolk cliffs have been eroding at the present rate for about the last 5000 years when sea level rose to within a metre or two of its present position (Clayton, 1989). Therefore, the future predictions of sea level rise and storm frequency due to climate change are likely to have a profound impact on coastal erosion and serious consequences for the effectiveness of coastal protection and sea defence schemes in East Anglia in the near future (Thomalla and Vincent, 2003).
Rapid erosion of the cliffs at Happisburgh means that we can observe processes that for other sites may normally take thousands of years. This means that we can look for patterns in the erosion at Happisburgh, which may help our understanding of sites elsewhere that are eroding more slowly.
As part of a programme of work monitoring coastal erosion and landsliding at several sites around the coast of Great Britain, we are surveying the cliffs adjacent to the village of Happisburgh in Norfolk — see Terrestrial LiDAR Survey Techniques
The resulting computer model (Figure 4 ) enables volume calculations and observations to be made as to the way in which the coast is eroding. The results from the survey provide data for models of coastal recession.
From this survey, the following conceptual model has been proposed (Figure 5).
The cliff surface profiles show that the erosion process is non-uniform, involving the cyclic formation of a series of embayments that continually enlarge (Figure 6). This could infer landsliding processes involving block falls, mudflows and running sand.
For more information on the results from this survey see:
Hobbs, P.R.N., Pennington, C.V.L, Pearson, S. G., Jones, L.D., Foster, C., Lee, J. R. & Gibson, A. (in press), Slope Dynamics Project Report: Norfolk Coast (2000-2006), British Geological Survey Open Report OR/08/018.
Poulton, C.V.L. 2004. Disappearing Coasts, Planet Earth, Volume Summer 2004, 26-27.
Poulton, C.V.L., Lee, J.R., Jones, L.D., Hobbs, P.R.N., and Hall, M. 2006. Preliminary investigation into monitoring coastal erosion using terrestrial laser scanning: case study at Happisburgh, Norfolk, UK: Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk, 56, 45-65.
CAMBERS, G. 1976. Temporal scales in coastal erosion systems. Transactions Institute British Geographers, 1, 246-256.
CAMERON, T.D.J., CROSBY, A., BALSON, P.S., JEFFERY, D.H., LOTT, G.K., BULAT, J. & HARRISON, D.J. 1992. UK offshore regional report: The geology of the southern North Sea. British Geological Survey, Keyworth.
CLAYTON, K.M. 1989. Sediment input from the Norfolk cliffs, Eastern England - a century of coast protection and its effects. Journal of Coastal Research, 5, 433-442.
CLAYTON, K.M., MCCAVE, I.N. & VINCENT, C.E. 1983. The establishment of a sand budget for the East Anglian coast and its implications for coastal stability. In: Shoreline Protection. Thomas Telford Ltd, University of Southampton, 91-96.
COSGROVE, A.R.P., BENNETT, M.R. & DOYLE, P. 1998. The rate and distribution of coastal cliff erosion in England: a cause for concern? In: BENNETT, M.R. & DOYLE, P. (Eds), Issues in Environmental Geology: A British Perspective. The Geological Society, London.
GRAY, J.M. 1988. Coastal cliff retreat at the Naze, Essex since 1874: patterns, rates and processes. Proceedings of the Geologists Association, 99, 335-338.
HART, J.K. 1987. The genesis of the north east Norfolk Drift. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of East Anglia.
HART, J.K. 1999. Glacial sedimentology: a case study from Happisburgh, Norfolk. In: Jones, A, Tucker, M and Hart, JK (Eds), The Description and Analysis of Quaternary Stratigraphic Field Sections. Technical Guide 7, Quaternary Research Association, London, 209-234.
HIATT, M.E. 2002. Sensor Integration Aids Mapping at Ground Zero. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 68, 877-879.
HOBBS, P.R.N. 2008. Coastal cliff monitoring, GeoConnexion, June/July 2008.
HOBBS, P.R.N., HUMPHREYS, B., REES, J., TRAGHEIM, D., JONES, L., GIBSON, A., ROWLANDS, K., HUNTER, G. & AIREY, R. 2002. Monitoring the role of landslides in 'soft cliff' coastal recession. In: Instability Planning and Management. (Eds, McINNES, R.G. and JAKEWAYS, J.) Thomas Telford, Isle of Wight, 589-600.
HOBBS, P.R.N., PENNINGTON, C.V.L, PEARSON, S. G., JONES, L.D., FOSTER, C., LEE, J. R. & GIBSON, A. (in press), Slope Dynamics Project Report: Norfolk Coast (2000-2006), British Geological Survey Open Report OR/08/018.
HOOKE, J.M. & KAIN, R.J.P. 1982. Historical change in the physical environment: a guide to sources and techniques. Butterworth, London.
HR WALLINGFORD. 2001. Ostend to Cart Gap Coastal Strategy Study. EX 4342. November.
HR WALLINGFORD, 2002. Southern North Sea Sediment Transport Study Phase 2: Sediment Transport Report, Report produced for Great Yarmouth Borough Council by HR Wallingford, CEFAS/UEA, Posford Haskoning and Dr Brian D'Olier, Report EX 4526.
HULME, M., JENKINS, G.J., LU, X., TURNPENNY, J.R., MITCHELL, T.D., JONES, R.G., LOWE, J., MURPHY, J.M., HASSELL, D., BOORMAN, P., McDONALD, R. & HILL, S. 2002. Climate Change Scenarios for the United Kingdom: The UKCIP02 Scientific Report, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, 120pp.
LEE, J.R. 2003. Early and Middle Pleistocene lithostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments in northern East Anglia, UK. (Unpublished). Ph.D., University of London.
LEE, J.R., ROSE, J., HAMBLIN, R.J.O. & MOORLOCK, B.S.P. 2004. Dating the earliest lowland glaciation of eastern England: a pre-M1512 early Middle Pleistocene Happisburgh Glaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews.
LEE, J.R., ROSE, J., RIDING, J.B., HAMBLIN, R.J.O.& MOORLOCK, B.S.P. 2002. Testing the case for a Middle Pleistocene Scandinavian glaciation in Eastern England: evidence for a Scottish ice source for tills within the Corton Formation of East Anglia, UK. Boreas, 31, 345-355.
LEE, M. & CLARK, A. 2002. Investigation and management of soft rock cliffs. Thomas Telford.
LUNKKA, J.P. 1988. Sedimentation and deformation of the North Sea Drift Formation in the Happisburgh area, North Norfolk. In: CROOT, D. (Eds), Glaciotectonics: Forms and Processes. Balkema, Rotterdam, 109-122.
McCAVE, I.N. 1978. Grain-size trends and transport along beaches: examples from Eastern England. Marine Geology, 28, M43-M51.
McCAVE, I.N. 1987. Fine sediment sources and sinks around the East Anglian coast (UK). Journal of the Geological Society of London, 144, 149-152.
NICHOLLS, R.J. & WEBBER, B. 1987. Coastal erosion in the eastern half of Christchurch Bay. In: Bell, MG, Cripps, FG and O'Hara, M (Eds), Planning and Engineering Geology. Engineering Group Special Publications, 4, Geological Society, London, 549-554.
OHL, C., FREW, P., SAYERS, P., WATSON, G., LAWTON, P., FARROW, B., WALKDEN, M.& HALL, J. 2003. North Norfolk - a regional approach to coastal erosion management and sustainability practice. In: International Conference on Coastal Management 2003. (Ed, McInnes, RG) Thomas Telford, Brighton, 226-240.
PAUL, F. & IWAN, P. 2001. Data Collection at Major Incident Scenes using Three Dimensional Laser Scanning Techniques. In: The Institute of Traffic Accident Investigators: 5th International Conference held at York. New York.
PENNINGTON, C.V.L. & HOBBS, P.R.N. 2008. Coastal surveying techniques: a case study at Happisburgh, Norfolk, UK, GeoInformatics: magazine for surveying, mapping and GIS professionals, 6.
POULTON, C.V.L. 2004. Disappearing Coasts, Planet Earth, Volume Summer 2004, 26-27.
POULTON, C.V.L., Lee, J.R., Jones, L.D., Hobbs, P.R.N., and Hall, M. 2006. Preliminary investigation into monitoring coastal erosion using terrestrial laser scanning: case study at Happisburgh, Norfolk, UK: Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk, 56, 45-65.
SHENNAN, I., COULTHARD, T., FLATHER, R., HORTON, B., MACKLIN, M., REES, J. & WRIGHT, M. 2003. Integration of shelf evolution and river basin models to simulate Holocene sediment dynamics of the Humber Estuary during periods of sea-level change and variation in catchment sediment supply. The Science of the Total Environment, 314-316, 737-754.
THOMALLA, F. & VINCENT, C.E. 2003. Beach Response to Shore-Parallel Breakwaters at Sea Palling, Norfolk, UK. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 56, 203-212.
THOMALLA, F., VINCENT, C.E. & BLACK, K. 2001. The effects of the segmented shore-parallel breakwaters at Sea Palling on the longshore transport of sand: lessons for the future. In: Proceedings of the 36th MAFF Annual Conference of River and Coastal Engineers. Keele University, 07.4.1-07.4.12.
WHITE, W. 1845. History, Gazeteer, and Directory of Norfolk 1845.


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The weather forecast wasn't so good. It said possible thunderstorms and a couple of showers. As "THE" day grew closer, I saw that there was going to be light rain. We(Me and my buddy) thought to ourselves that we can deal with light rain. But we were so wrong. The kids didn't care one bit about the trees and they wanted to run and play.They grumbled and it was infectious. Lil A wanted to jump in the puddles and he was pouting that he couldn't.It was depressing cause after driving for so long we couldn't stay or appreciate the beauty of those blossoms the way they deserved to be..Slowly but steadily the chill was creeping into our tired bones and in less than an hour we were ready to call it a day.It was a washout weekend.
So it was a good thing we didn't go there for the sole reason of gazing at CB trees. We went to the Murugan Temple and Siva-Vishnu Temple in Baltimore en route to DC. The visit had a calming effect on me. After putting innumerable petitions to god(basically unloading my emotional baggage and heartfelt desires to every single deity) I felt a little lighter. So it wasn't a total disaster but it could have been better..a lot better.
So here are some pictures that I took without any enthusiasm at all..The flowers were gorgeous.I wanted the Sun to come out from behind the clouds badly so I could take a few pictures.As you can see from the pictures,it was a hopeless wish.
guacamole with cucumber chips. The taste of the this dosa is good with the hint of the buttery avocado. The batter yields "soft dosa".
Ingredients(For 6-8 Dosa, 2 per person):
- 2 to 3 Cups Dosa batter
- 1 Ripe Hass Avocado, peeled and stone removed
- 3 Hot Green Chili
- Salt as needed
- Water as needed
- Chop the Avocado and Chilies. Remove the seeds from the chili for less heat. Puree the Avocado along with the chilies. Add to the batter along with salt. Add water as needed. The batter shouldn't be runny.
- Heat the griddle and pour a ladle-ful of batter. Spray oil around the edges and over the dosa. Cook one side for a minute on medium flame. Flip and cook the other side.
- Fold and serve it hot with any chutney of choice.
Fiery Tomato Chutney-


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tv Lou Dobbs Tonight FOX Business March 23, 2013 10:00am-11:00am EDT
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the rest are iphone. gerri willis will be back on monday. thank you for joining us. u: good evening, everybody. president obama wrapping up his middle eastern tour with a stop in jordan today. a nation wracked with turmoil as syrian refugees are pouring across the border, fleeing the violence being inflicted by the bashar al-assad regime. president obama expressing frtration withhose who question the president about why the united states is not doing more to intervene in the syrian conflict. >> it is fair to say that the
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united states often finds itself in a situation where does criticize militarily. if we don't go in militarily, then people ask why we are not doing something. lou: senator carl levin, pushing president obama to take a hands-on approach to the removal of bashar al-assad. and as senator john mccain looking for a no-fly zone to be instituted. while calling for surgical airstrikes to help drive the bashar al-assad. the president repeated that any evidence of this weapon to use would be a game changer, as he put it. president obama defended his administration's reluctance to use mlitary force to quell the syrian civil war. >> when we are working with the syrians themselves, so this is
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not externally imposed, but rather something that is linked directly with the aspirations of the people inside of syria, it will work better. lou: the king has also said the same. inside jordan comment they are the they deliveredwith answer should bashar al-assad we powers. >> we need to institute a transition as quickly as possible. if the issue ever came up, all of us would have to put our heads together and figure out if that would help the balance quickly. lou: the senate in the midst of
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a vote. their eressions, not ours. a senate budget bill being passed for the first time in more than four years. the congressional budget act of 1974 was signed into law. we will be taking that up with the "a-team." angela mcglowan, james toronto and doug schoen. our first guest is here to evaluate obama's middle east tour. today's focus on the enormous price on jordan as a result of the syrian civil war. joining me now is judith miller and quivered lifford may. it is a very big positive impression with this to her, if
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not a concrete result. >> it was an extraordinary tour. the israelis called it a thermo nuclear charm offensive. talk about a restart in a relationship that was crying out. basically the president figured out do you attract more bees with honey in a country like israel who did everything he had to do to put a relationship on cose. lou: wasn't he inconsistent to be talking about peace in the middle east? at the same time that he was threatening bashar al-assad and a wrong? >> yes, but they are both provocative. they are both belligerent. they are destabilizing forces and have been for years. he understands that the israelis
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are reliable allies, valuable allies in many ways. they are in a difficult neighborhood. th israelis, two years ago obama called for it. it's going to be dicey. iran is still the world's leading sponsor of terrorism,. lou: the president use the expression game changer if it were to occur. was his visit to israel a game changer? >> i think iis a little too early to tell. what we do't know is what those two men said behind closed doors. we should have no illusions here. however warm and cozy it can be.
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lou: however cozy the relationship. however warm the reception. these gentlemen have distinctly different things when it comes around. >> i almost agree. not entirely. i don't think thee have different agendas. i think that everything that was said, what you heard is that obama and benjamin netanyahu were much closer together are not. what obama said, he said we are not going to allow iran to have nuclear weapons. he said we are not going to allow them to have weapons in an attempt to contain them. they were much closer than they have been. a very k subject. a. lou: let's turn to something that i did not want to hear. that was america and president
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obama are ready to attack iran. i found that there could be all sorts of excuses and rationalizations and reasons that the president of israel said that. judy, this is too bellicose for my taste. >> i think that he says exactly what is on his mind. i think that a 90-year-old president who helped israel acquire its own nuclear weapons, they were reminding israel and the united states at the top agenda item for israel is making sure that iran does not process redline. i think the two men are not
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closer to coming to an agreement on what that definition is. lou: if you would like to respond, please. >> it is a tricky issue. the u.s. and israel have different capabilities. now, those capabilities, we don't know what is backstage between the two men. did obama say if you go independently, we will have your back, i am not just saying that -- but we will? did he say we will give you weapons capabilities? so you can wait a little bit longer and be patient? we do not know. but the things they want to hear, i think obama reduced his parameters because it very
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clear. it was very different from what vice president biden said. lou: with all due respect to the vice president, i will leave it at that. thank you. much more on the president's trip in tonight's broadcast. we will be right back. >> nbc had three winning programs. so it's natural that they would want to dump the host of one of those three with governor andrew cuomo helping them out. we will show you tonight's "chalk talk" coming out. and the "a-team" is coming right up. they are pretty excited. the senate taking up a budget for the first time in 1423 days. [ engine revving ]
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lou: it is democracy by expediency. amendment after amendment, and vote after vote. with the aim of passing a budget for the first time in the senate in more than four years. the "a-team" will be here in just a moment. the so-called votearama. their words, not ours. e s&p is up, the nasdaq is up to. big board shares, stocks doing well. however boeing launched it will
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have to lay off workers. in the commodity market, gold is down 7.5. crude oil is $93 per barrel and the bond market, the yield over a ten-year closing out the week yielng 1.92%. cyprus political leaders nearing a deal to resolve their financial crisis and avoid a rescue plan. providing for the creation of a good bank and that they split. principally the cyprus bank. that deal will be presented this weekend, clearing the way for what would be a
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13 billion-dollar bailout. in full swing, the senate looking to rid itself of this notorious record of passing a budget. thirty-two of 100 senators are vong for a budget for the first time in their public careers. doing it now is the "a-team." fox news contributor doug schon. angela mcglowan. we are so glad to have you. >> there is nothing like self-preservation. in 2014, 20 of them will be up for senator reelection and harry reid wants to get them reelected. the bottom line is that the
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company hasn't passed the budget. lou: are we going to s resolution? includin the remainder of this fiscal year. they did go down the pol roger ryan budget out while back. lou: it was not brought forward by the biden administration. but it was a voting effect in terms of procedure. but let's get to the issue here. what does the future hold for us? we are moving forward for a new
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fiscal year. >> the senate will pass a budget come in the house will house will pass a budget. they will be miles apart. this is basically a political document. the house wanted to force the senate to pass budget. this was part of the deal by extending the debt ceiling. because they wanted to make the democrats vote on a budget. lou: how can so many members of our senate ontinued to spend whatever and the like they have on these procedural maneuvers. >> that is basically what the senate does. >> there i go. >> constituency to get the house and the senate together. no presidential leadership t for a grand bargain. no sense that we can reform the tax system and entitlements. perform defense and have a
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rational rational and reasonable defense. >> why in the world is the president of the united states not moving forward with a budget that would be a blueprint to resolving those proposals? >> the words that seem to be operative here are cowardice or opportunism. it haso be one of the two. >> to do the wrong thing continually is not the act of a coward. lou: are you saying that the president is incapable of doing the right thing? >> i'm comparing how talented this man is. >> why doesn't he apply that? >> you know, that turns out to be laughable. the odds are empirically before him. you know, thats just unreasonable. >> there is another word we are leaving out, which is ideology.
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the republicans are rightly not going to agree with that. >> i think that when the senate passes a bill, you hammer things out. the one you want regular order. >> that is right. lou: all right, my goodness. i do want you to chat with me about the balanced budget. he does it in five years. rand paul's budget. very quickly, the names of those departments. education and energy, about 73,000 federal employees. >> i think that his budget is reckless and irresponsible.
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it has no chance of passage. >> i think it is a very good plan. >> i would like to add six federal agencies. >> we have commerce -- books -- energy, hard. [laughter] >> he is just doing a rick perry impression for us to bring back a moment of nostalgia. the a-team is going to be right back with us. more with the a-team leader later in the broadcast. up next, governor cuomo running a helping hand to hollywood. the governor is learning why you don't mess with gun control. not even in new york state. that is coming up next.
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lou: new york's governor is paying a steep political price for the strictest gun control law. the university poll out this week showing his approval rating plunging from a high of 74% back in december. as a result of signing that gun control law into effect. that new gun law, it has been a disaster since dayone. no public hearings open at all.
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just put into law with his signature. these are democrats. this is their idea of government. everybody in the country needs to be paying attention to what the democrats and in some cases a handful of republicans are doing. at a time when we should be talking about transparency on the issues of our time. we are simply being brushed aside by imperious and elitist government. just a few days later, lawakers admitted they were adopting law enforcement officers. imagine not. a month later, they said they wanted to use banned assault weapons. earlier this week, governor cuomadmitted that he had to amend the law. because it bans the sale of
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this. they didn't even think about that. the idiocy of the whole process is astounding. new report out today saying that governor cuomo is trying to lure the "tonight show" back to manhattan. that is right, nbc with three shows is trying to, well, basicalldump the host of one of their three winning shows. these are brilliant people. right and to get the show back to manhattan providing 30 percent tax break if it decides to leave to caper but it is no secret that cuomo likes hollywood but shocking are his priorities. employees just under 200
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people. the production budget amounts $80 million. that's nice. on thether hand, the gun industry with the states of new york supports about 12,000 jobs. 12,000 jobs. and and is responsible for $2 billion of econom output. i don't think the politicians as being the brightest people in the country by any means but even your politicians can't figure this out. there are f issues more politically toxic from gun-control as governor cuomo has learned and colorado's governor will arn very soon.
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a poll showed only 32% of colorado believes the new laws signed into law recently, two days ago, will reduce crime and make this date saver. 65% -- state safer. 65 pcent say it will not. these are bright guys but apparently they are so smart they are smarter than the people they represent. i am guessing they will learn differently. but polls nationwide as the games played in washington as pure nonsense. >> the final ig report on "fast & furious". can you say white paper and
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deportation does not confer the lawful status if it does not entitle them to public benefits the judge said he will issue a ruling over the next few weeks. my next guest am are with us. good to have you. there are only three states in the union in mexico, washington, utah that permit licenses for illegal immigrants. what could be wrong with the executive order in arizona? >> let me ask you. >> the issue boils down to executive order as the supreme law of the land and will this be allowed? is said police power? is it a privilege and what
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entitles tte immigrant to that status they are able to be the rights of a citizen? the u.s. district court judge has to make the determination what exactly is the status for those states privileges. lou: what is your sense? an executive order of deportation? is that the supreme law of the land? >> in e case of deferment that the federal governmen has a conflict, the state needs to look to the federal constitution article six. but between the two federal law usually wins. it needs to be looked at the intent of congress and for those who are illegal immigrants rather than the deferred resident under the obama administration. lou: a battle of two
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executive orders. >> that is probably how the judge will decide, and a federal judge will probably say the federal government is in charge. and and it do control immigration generally. but this is a very specific aspect. kim and a state have the power, or is obligated, to give a state driver's license? it is not federal license. the driver's license is controlled by the state's deep policy is controlled by the fed. the governor had toake this position because her state suffers the most from the immigration problem. lou: absolutely. the states of arizona has been upheld in the majority he had to defend state law before the supreme court. i want to bring the audience up to date that is not being
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reported. with a deferred order by president obama, only three states peit drivers licenses for illegal immigrants but as many as 40 states are now interpreting the deferred deportation order to confer thatright day make moves to pass that into law as the executive order or a change as a result of the deportation order it is a startling trend or attention is not brought to either. now let's turn to the export -- expert witness what you
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make of this man? has he destroyed single-handedly whenever there was for the defense? >> he tries to find any reasonable doubt and says there is a possibility there is a psychological disorder so they could find her not ilty of premeditated murders and he is there to get a ror to think maybe there is a psychological issue we cannot grasp, he is the expert and we should rely on him cement she puts forward a self-defense claim but testifying over 18-- she never said the words you need to say with self-defense and actually said she was not in favor -- in fear. said now they bring in the expert that she is sufferingg3 from posttraumatic stress
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disorder so when he moved a certain way she had that fight or flight to mentality that is what is going on in her mind. i don't think it will work but she probably will not get said death penalty because she was on the stand so long. >> bringing it ready yet to date which is extraordinary if you have been wondering wondering, this case has amounted to over $800,000 for attorneys' fees and experts, it does not include jail or court costs or any infrastructure. >> i hate saying this but
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the prosecutor deserves blame he could have cross-examined over one day not wealth. >> have a great weekend. to join the discussion and get the links on our face but page and e-mail me at firstname.lastname@example.com. "fast & furious" the attorney-general the highest ranking officer in the country is under contempt of congress the inspector general seems to have provided of way to provide cover for secretary of common security and customs director. we will find out more next. copd makes it hard to breathe, but with advair, i'm breathing better. so now i can be in the scene.
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fertilizer company for using one point* $3 billion of u.s. taxpayer funded bonds to build a new plant in the state of indiana. according to the pentagon pakistan may fertilizer makers chemicals has been used in 80 percent of the roadside bombs that killed troops in afghanistan and pakistan the government is blocking efforts to help the company changed the fertilizer formula. officials have suspended state support pending an investigation. this seems like a long overdue investigation. doesn't it? >> to permit a common security is out with a repo on operation "fast & furious" it found neither ice director morton origin and an apology on a new about "fast & furious" and tell bright interior was
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murdered. one eyes agent did try to sound the alarm including the agent in charge never read reports s they said and never told washington. bright antares family told fox news they were not contacted by the inspector general and they are very disappointed with the quality and the depth of the inveigation. philadelphia police are asking for the help for a good man who oped fire inside a takeout restaurant. it shows the gunman trying to force his way into the store as six people inside try to take cover and struggle to keep the door closed and may have saved their lives. the government eventually firing shots, ran from the scene.
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three victims suffered non-life threatening injuries. pleas of not given a motive than they do not have a suspect. sparkingtaxpayer outrage a government contract posted on line shows the vice3 president one day trip to paris costs taxpayers over half a million dollars over one day, $585,000 just for the five-star hotel. let's move on. taxpayers got a slightly better deal the foowing night in london that was $460,000. talk about big shots the senate is talking about passing a budget.
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should be attacked syria or iran? ose of the questions. answers, and next. my mother made the best toffee in the world. it's delicious. so now we've turned her toffee into a business. my goal was to take an idea and make it happen. i'm janet long and i formed my toffee company through legalzoom. never really thought i would make money doing what i love. [ robert ] we created legalzoom to help people start their business and launch their dreams. go to legalzoom.com today and make your business dream a reality. at legalzoom.com we put the law on your side. now over to you charles???? sir charles' single miles card left him blacked out. he's coming to us from home. that's gotta be traveling. now instead of covering the final four, he's stuck covering fourth graders. brick! bobby is 1 for 36. mikey? he keeps taking these low-percentage shots. and julio? i don't know what julio's doing.
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lou: back with us we have the "a team." doug, the issue of when we boil down what is going on between the united states and israel is the of question the president to answer, should we be intervening with syria? should we or not be stopping iran from getting the bomb? >> start with syria. if what the israelis have said in the government is using chemical weapons, that
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is a red line that has been crossed. we cannot allow it. lou: categorically i did not believe the reports. >> i do. >> they have not been corroborated bayou have a passion about it. >> i believe the cia is taking a back seat on this one. lou: the cia takes a backseat to any intelligence agency in the world. i do not believe that for a moment. >> i do. lou: we have something of a real divide. let's go to the facts. do want to attack syria? >> i want to be prepared. lou: we are always prepared. >> if it is corroborated. lou: in the national interest of the united states of amica to attack
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syria? >> if corroboration, yes. >> very good. go to iran. [laughter] >> i am not sure about syria. my initial instinct is to agreree to say the veery cautious and evuate our national interests. with iran, to hinder the nuclear program scares the hell out of me but so does them getting their hands on nuclear weapons. it is hard eithe way. >> what scares the hell out of me we have a president that wants to take away our guns but wants to attack iran and syria so if they attack us hear we don't have the right to bear arms under the obama administration. >> we need more robust form
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policy we need assault weapons. >> you don't think so? okay. all right. >> i agree with angela. >> thank you, james. lou: i agree with both of you. i don't see how you reconcile that. if you for your terrorism we're told by homeland security that there are already agents of al qaeda working. why would you not want to make certain all citizens were armed and prepared? that would be the same rights of israelis citizens. >> quite a number of terrorist attacks in israel. lou: i do suggesting we should have lesser rights? >> we are both sable democracies.
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lou: net was not the question. should we have to commend the question was the same. >> budget israelis have uzi. >> bet stricter than chicago. >> boom. lou: you are taking up my puppy time. up next a couple of very cute friends join us to celebrate national puppy day. i love those puppies. [ engine revving ] ♪ [ male announcer ] every car we build must make adrenaline pump and pulses quicken. ♪
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[ male announcer ] when you wear dentures you may not know it, but your mouth is under attack. food particles infiltrate and bacteria proliferate. ♪ protect your mouth, with fixodent. the adhesive helps create a food seal defense for a clean mouth and kills bacteria for fresh breath. ♪ fixodent, and forget it. >> tomorrow is national pupp- a week that we would
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get an advanced start if my dogs at home see this, say hi. don't worry. take it easy. since 2006 dog lovers across the country celebrates the unofficial hiday on march 23rd that is tamara to bring awareness of the problems of puppy mills and promote adoption through shelters. joining us now is the senior director of the puppy mills campaign at the aspca and she brought with her closely and boss. agree to have you. the campaign against the puppy mills we hear about it tell us why you were so engaged in dealing with the issue to stop it. >> the aspca cond
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NEW YORK (TheStreet) -- Rite Aid (RAD - Get Report) stock is climbing Wednesday, pulled higher by positive sales growth at competitor Walgreens (WAG).
By late afternoon, Rite Aid shares had added 2.7% to $8.49, while Walgreen Company stock was up 4.4% to $74.71.
Over May, Walgreens saw a 6% year-over-year increase in sales, with comparable-store sales up 4.4% Prescription comparable-store sales climbed 5.5%.
Rite Aid has yet to release its May same-store sales data.
Must Read: Warren Buffett's 25 Favorite Stocks
STOCKS TO BUY: TheStreet Quant Ratings has identified a handful of stocks that can potentially TRIPLE in the next 12 months. Learn more.
Separately, TheStreet Ratings team rates RITE AID CORP as a Hold with a ratings score of C. TheStreet Ratings Team has this to say about their recommendation:
"We rate RITE AID CORP (RAD) a HOLD. The primary factors that have impacted our rating are mixed -- some indicating strength, some showing weaknesses, with little evidence to justify the expectation of either a positive or negative performance for this stock relative to most other stocks. The company's strengths can be seen in multiple areas, such as its revenue growth and solid stock price performance. However, as a counter to these strengths, we also find weaknesses including unimpressive growth in net income, poor profit margins and weak operating cash flow."
Highlights from the analysis by TheStreet Ratings Team goes as follows:
- RAD's revenue growth has slightly outpaced the industry average of 6.5%. Since the same quarter one year prior, revenues slightly increased by 2.2%. This growth in revenue does not appear to have trickled down to the company's bottom line, displayed by a decline in earnings per share.
- RITE AID CORP has experienced a steep decline in earnings per share in the most recent quarter in comparison to its performance from the same quarter a year ago. This company has reported somewhat volatile earnings recently. But, we feel it is poised for EPS growth in the coming year. During the past fiscal year, RITE AID CORP increased its bottom line by earning $0.22 versus $0.12 in the prior year. This year, the market expects an improvement in earnings ($0.38 versus $0.22).
- Compared to its closing price of one year ago, RAD's share price has jumped by 182.15%, exceeding the performance of the broader market during that same time frame. Looking ahead, however, we cannot assume that the stock's past performance is going to drive future results. Quite to the contrary, its sharp appreciation over the last year is one of the factors that should prompt investors to seek better opportunities elsewhere.
- The gross profit margin for RITE AID CORP is currently lower than what is desirable, coming in at 30.13%. It has decreased from the same quarter the previous year. Along with this, the net profit margin of 0.83% trails that of the industry average.
- Net operating cash flow has decreased to $194.13 million or 11.90% when compared to the same quarter last year. In addition, when comparing the cash generation rate to the industry average, the firm's growth is significantly lower.
- You can view the full analysis from the report here: RAD Ratings Report


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Phil Burnett, who has served for the past 12 years as chief executive officer of the National Cotton Council, announced at the organization's annual meeting in San Diego that he is leaving for a post in the private sector.
He will become president and chief executive officer of The Seam, a newly-organized Memphis-based company involved in electronic cotton marketing.
He will continue in the council post until March 1.
Gaylon B. Booker, who has served the council for his entire 40-year working career and is senior vice president, was elected by the organization's board of directors to move into the top position when Burnett leaves.
Although he had announced his retirement from the council at the end of 2000 and had planned to become a consultant for the organization on farm policy and other industry priorities, he agreed to accept the leadership role.
"We're pleased that Gaylon is willing to assume this responsibility at this critical time for the industry, as we go into a period of new farm policy development," said James Echols, newly-elected council chairman. "This will enable us to maintain the strongest possible staff and to continue the business of the council without the distraction of a search committee immediately working to find a successor.
"The cotton industry is fortunate to have a person with Gaylon's experience in policy development and administration to step in and help maintain momentum and to facilitate a smooth transition in staff leadership."
As senior vice president, Booker was responsible for coordinating all council programs, with the overall mission of helping each of the industry's seven segments to compete effectively and profitably in global markets.
Before that, he had served as vice president of operations and earlier was head of the Economic Services Department, directing activities related to world supply and demand for cotton and other fibers, as well as special studies on inter-fiber competition.
A native Mississippian, Booker is a graduate of the University of Memphis.
Burnett, who has spent 33 years in the cotton industry, is a native of Hollandale, Miss., where his family's farming operation included cotton, soybeans, and grains. He holds a degree in business administration from the University of Mississippi.
He first joined the council in 1968 as a field services representative and in 1972 assumed responsibilities for the organization's Washington operations. He left the council in 1982 to serve as president of the Cotton Board, and returned in 1989 as chief executive officer. As council CEO, he also served as CEO of Cotton Council International and as executive vice president of the Cotton Foundation.
"My decision to leave was prompted by what I see as an exceptional opportunity to join an organization whose principals are themselves among the cotton industry's more outstanding leaders," Burnett said. "I fully expect The Seam to make a positive contribution to the economic health of the U.S. cotton industry, and I look forward to helping facilitate that outcome."
He told the San Diego group, "Working together, we've accomplished a great deal through some very difficult, challenging times. This is an industry I have a great love for and it has been a privilege working with people and organizations all over the world. For an old country boy from Hollandale, Miss., it's been a great ride."
The Seam's first online trade was executed Dec. 8, 2000, and through January the company had traded more than 100,000 bales online. Its future plans include offering international trading, financial and risk management services, input sales, and logistical services.
"Phil brings to The Seam a superior level of knowledge and leadership in the cotton industry," said Louis Baioni, the company's interim CEO. "We're very pleased to have a person of his caliber taking the helm of the company. We couldn't have custom-ordered a leader with better credentials than Phil Burnett."
Robert McClendon, National Cotton Council president, said the cotton industry is indebted to Burnett "for the excellent leadership he has provided through the years," and for the excellent staff he has assembled. He leaves the council in excellent hands."
He said the council's priorities in the change of leadership will be "to maintain momentum in addressing key issues, while assuring a smooth transition to new staff leadership."
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Item 2 of 13
Aerial view of Pleasant Mountain ski trailsItem 18916 info
Ski Museum of Maine
Pleasant Mountain's original ski slopes were located on the north side.
The "Old Blue" chair lift ran from the base area to a shoulder a few hundred feet north of the northernmost of the mountain's seven summits. Most of the trails lie to the west.