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FOX Sports Southwest: Wednesday 6:00 pm, Friday 4:30 pm, Saturday 10:00 am
FOX Sports Midwest: Friday 2:30 pm
About Big 12 Showcase
Big 12 Showcase is a 30-minute promotion of the league with features on student-athletes, coaches, teams and conference championships. The show is shot on location each week at a different Big 12 campus or conference championship venue. Emily Jones handles a majority of the hosting duties. For the 17th year, the show will be produced by Keith Fletcher of FSN. Big 12 Showcase regularly airs on FSN's Big 12 footprint regions of Southwest and Midwest, plus the Fox College Sports network. The show is also available on the Big 12 website.

subset: commoncrawl


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Grand County Middle School's boys basketball teams have gotten their season off to an impressive start, according to coach Conrad Yanito.
Competing in the Kayenta Middle School junior varsity tournament in Kayenta, Ariz., on Dec. 6 and 7, the GCMS seventh-grade boys team won all four of its games by a combined score of 166-38.
Grand's Cameron Hoppensteadt scored a total of 30 points for the tournament, and was named the tournament MVP. Eight other GCMS players scored 10 points or more during the tournament, Yanito said. Grand's wins came against Pinon, Ariz., Page, Ariz., and two teams from Blanding, he said.
"The host tournament officials commented on our exhausting defense," Yanito said, noting that this marked the second straight year that the GCMS seventh graders have won the tournament in Kayenta.
In other recent GCMS boys basketball action, the C team lost to Blanding's C team 42-32, but the GCMS B team defeated Blanding's team 46-25. In the B-team contest, Nolan Ramirez scored 13 points and Teddy Park added 10 for the Thunderbirds.
GCMS also won the eighth-grade contest against Blanding, by a score of 55-24. Josh Jones led the way with 17 points, and Alec Williams added 14.
"We made a lot of our points off defense," Yanito said. "Our defense was our main focus coming into the game, because they out-sized us, and [we] didn't want that to be a factor. Our pressure defense was a key factor. We didn't want them get any momentum whatsoever."
Next up for the Thunderbirds is a home contest on Wednesday, Dec. 18 against Mont Harmon Junior High. The seventh-grade game is scheduled to begin at 5 p.m. and the eighth-grade game is set for 6 p.m. The following day, the Thunderbirds will play in an away contest on Thursday, Dec. 19 against Canyon View Junior High in Huntington.
Yanito thanked assistant coaches Drew Birdwell, Eric Haycock, Wesley Rodda, and Scott Horton for their help and support.


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PCManFM is "an extremely fast, lightweight, yet feature-rich file manager with tabbed browsing". Source: PCManFM on sourceforge. PCManFM is the default file manager of the LXDE (Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment).
- 1 Installation
- 2 Volume handling
- 3 Tips & troubleshooting
- 3.1 No "Applications"
- 3.2 No icons?
- 3.3 NTFS Read/Write Support
- 3.4 gnome-open opens "Find" dialog instead of the directory
- 3.5 No "Previous/Next Folder" functionality with mouse buttons
- 3.6 One click for open folders and files
- 3.7 --desktop parameter not working / crashing X-server
- 3.8 Terminal emulator advanced configuration not saved
- 3.9 Make PCManFM remember your preferred Sort Files settings
- 3.10 "Not authorized" errors when accessing/mounting USB drives
- 4 Available Versions
Run the following command to install:
# pacman -S pcmanfm
You will also require gamin (a replacement for FAM, which required a daemon) to pick up events such as file and directories changes:
# pacman -S gamin
Volume handling
PCManFM is able to mount and unmount devices, both manually and automatically. This feature is offered as an alternative to CLI tools such as pmount. There are various 'up-to-date' versions of PCManFM (see below), and different volume handling strategies can be chosen.
Mounting with udisks
The current release of PCManFM is able to handle volumes through udisks. If you want to use this feature, make sure the D-Bus daemon is installed and running. See the D-Bus page for details.
Trash support and automounting with gvfs
See GVFS.
Tips & troubleshooting
No "Applications"
# pacman -S gnome-menus
You can try this method: Delete all files in the $HOME/.cache/menus directory, and run PCManFM again.
PCManFM requires the environment variable "XDG_MENU_PREFIX" to be set. The value of the variable should match the beginning of a file present in the "/etc/xdg/menus/" directory. In case you have installed the "gnome-menus" package, you can set the value in your .xinitrc file with the line :
$ export XDG_MENU_PREFIX=gnome-
See these threads for more informations : [1], and especially this post from the Linux Mint Forums [2]
No icons?
If you are using a WM instead of a DE and you have no icons for folders and files, specify a gtk icon theme:
~/.gtkrc-2.0 or
/etc/gtk-2.0/gtkrc and add the following line:
gtk-icon-theme-name = "oxygen"
If you do not have oxygen-icons installed, use an different one (gnome, hicolor, and locolor do not work). To list all installed icon themes:
ls ~/.icons /usr/share/icons/
If none of them is suitable, install one. To list all installable icon packages:
pacman -Ss icon-theme
NTFS Read/Write Support
Install ntfs-3g (See NTFS-3G):
# pacman -S ntfs-3g
gnome-open opens "Find" dialog instead of the directory
Remove or rename the file
/usr/share/applications/pcmanfm-find.desktop. If you're running pcmanfm-mod from AUR, remove or rename the file
A method to fix this is with Xbindkeys:
Install xbindkeys:
# pacman -S xbindkeys
Edit ~/.xbindkeysrc to contain the following:
# Sample .xbindkeysrc for a G9x mouse. "/usr/bin/xvkbd -text '\[Alt_L]\[Left]'" b:8 "/usr/bin/xvkbd -text '\[Alt_L]\[Right]'" b:9
Actual button codes can be obtained with package xorg-xev
xbindkeys &
to your
~/.xinitrc to execute xbindkeys on log-in.
One click for open folders and files
Open PCManFM in file explorer mode, and go to:
Edit > Preferences
and in geral > behavior select
Open files with a simple click
this option work in the pcmanfm --desktop too
--desktop parameter not working / crashing X-server
Make sure you have ownership and write permissions on
Setting the wallpaper either by using the --desktop-pref parameter or editing
~/.config/pcmanfm/default/pcmanfm.config solves the problem.
Terminal emulator advanced configuration not saved
Make sure you have rights on libfm configuration file:
# chmod -R 755 ~/.config/libfm # chmod 777 ~/.config/libfm/libfm.conf
Make PCManFM remember your preferred Sort Files settings
You can use View | Sort Files to change the order in which PCManFM lists the files, but PCManFM won't remember that the next time you start it. To make it remember, go to Edit | Preferences and Close. That will write your current sort_type and sort_by values into ~/.config/pcmanfm/LXDE/pcmanfm.conf.
In various WM (in use with PolicyKit), You might receive an "Not authorized" errors when trying to access e.g. an USB drive.
If not existing, create (including the directory actions, which ain't existing by default in there)
/etc/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.udisks2.pkla to contain the following:
[Storage Permissions] Identity=unix-group:storage Action=org.freedesktop.udisks2.filesystem-mount;org.freedesktop.udisks2.modify-device ResultAny=yes ResultInactive=yes ResultActive=yes
Available Versions
There are several versions of PCManFM currently available:
This is the package in Arch's extra repository as "pcmanfm". The current git test version of it is available in the AUR as pcmanfm-git. More information is available on the LXDE Forum.
PCManFM-Mod adds user-definable commands, other features, and bugfixes to the legacy version of the PCManFM file manager v0.5.2. This version builds and installs as "pcmanfm-mod" and will run independently of other versions of PCManFM you have installed on your system. This legacy version is still desired by some due to more stability than the newer 0.9.x rewrite in progress, less Gnome dependencies, and the use of HAL rather than gnome-vfs. PCManFM-Mod is available in the AUR as pcmanfm-mod and as pcmanfm-mod-prov (latter provides pcmanfm). More information is available at IgnorantGuru's Blog.
Latest PCmanFM version with search dialog in the AUR as pcmanfm_with_searchAUR.


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A Day With Finn Jon is a session with a master innovator in the filed of magic. A great DVD to have on its own or as a sequel to the first DVD "The Incomparable Finn Jon."
A Day with Finn Jon will take you through some wonderful variations of his themes, working with bubbles, balls, cards, and money. All these effects are extremely visual and fairly simple to master. Also featured is an in depth interview that will delight you to the antics and insights of this brilliant man. Some of the things you will learn on this DVD are:
Do you own this product? Write a review.


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Hundreds of sellers every week across the country are selling their homes themselves using the flat fee mls listing service!
Commission Calculator
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Copyright Fifty States Realty, Inc. All rights reserved.
Call us toll free at 1-866-507-8283


text: The City of Garland works hard to adapt to the changing needs and priorities of the community. This section of the website highlights short-term and ongoing programs and initiatives designed to respond to those priorities. The information in this section is organized with the resident in mind, providing information about cross-departmental functions and services in one simple location.


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Car Deals
Car Deals: February 2013
Shoppers interested in buying a new car this month have come to the right place. We've scoured each automaker's February incentives and special offers. And we've listed some of the best car deals below on some of our favorite models. That way, shoppers can be armed with the best information available as they head out in search of a new car.
Chevrolet Sonic
Shoppers who can find leftover 2012 Chevrolet Sonic inventory at dealers are in luck. That's because Chevrolet is offering great deals on all 2012 models in February. For cash buyers, that means up to $500 back -- an offer that could be added on top of the negotiated price. Shoppers looking to finance this small car also get a great deal, with Chevrolet offering zero percent interest for up to 60 months -- a major break from the 3.9 percent interest rate available on the highly similar 2013 model. Check out AutoTrader.com to find a new 2012 Sonic, as there are more than 2,000 still on dealer lots nationwide.
Find a Chevrolet Sonic for sale
Honda Accord
The all-new 2013 Honda Accord is available in February with two alluring lease deals, both of which apply to the base-level Accord LX. The first offers a 36-month term with payments starting at just $249 after $2,299 down. That's a great deal for a car with a fresh redesign. Shoppers who would rather put nothing down at signing are also in luck. That's because Honda is also offering a 36-month lease deal on the Accord with monthly payments starting at just $300.
Kia Forte
Several deals are available this month on the compact Kia Forte. Lease shoppers can snag a 39-month term on the 2013 Forte sedan for just $169 per month after $1,999 at signing. Roughly the same deal is available on the sporty Forte Koup, though the Koup's monthly payment starts $10 higher. Kia is also offering interest rates as low as 1.9 percent to qualified buyers on all Forte variants, including the 5-door hatchback. Lastly, shoppers paying in full can get up to $1,000 cash back on any new Forte model.
Nissan Maxima
Three deals are available this month on Nissan's sporty Maxima sedan. For lease shoppers, Nissan is offering a 39-month term with payments starting at $309. The only catch: a $2,999 down payment. Those looking to pay cash for the Maxima also find a good deal this February, as Nissan is offering up to $3,500 in cash back. And finance customers can take advantage of low interest rates from zero percent for 36 months to 0.9 percent for up to 60 months. Best of all, both low interest deals include $500 in cash back to sweeten the deal.
Volkswagen Golf
Shoppers interested in a hatchback can get a great deal on the compact Volkswagen Golf this month. The best deals are on remaining 2012 models, which are virtually identical to 2013 models. On the 2012 Golf, Volkswagen is offering zero percent interest to qualified shoppers for a whopping 66 months. VW is also offering a deal for those who want the latest model, touting 2.9 percent interest for 66 months. There is also a good deal for lease shoppers in February, as the 2013 Golf starts at $209 per month for 36 months after $1,999 down.
Find a Volkswagen Golf for sale
What it means to you: If you're interested in buying a new car this month, our list includes some of today's best car deals.


text:
Barclays is looking to hire graduates as part of its Future Leaders programme, offering roles to prospective employees on its fast tracked IT training scheme.
Prospective employees with a university degree are invited to apply for an accelerated two year programme aimed at preparing new entrants for top roles with a series of four to six month rotations in posts across the company, such as the development of mobile banking and branch technology.
According to an advert posted on business networking site LinkedIn, successful applicants will be given experience in areas such as "helping to develop bold new products, gaining on-the-job knowledge or learning how to drive strategic change".
The advert added that the fast-track process will give the opportunity to "acquire the skills, experience and exposure you need to become a respected leader in the field".
Eligible applicants will required to possess at least a 2:1 qualification in a technical discipline, with a "passion for technology".
Last year the bank announced that it would cut 422 jobs in order to make "essential" restructuring changes. The efficiency drive was criticised by union Unite, which cited jobs being transferred abroad.
The company appointed a new chief operating officer in June last year with a view to leading IT operations across the company. Barclays has been attempting to innovate its financial service deliver in recent months, including the rollout of its Pingit mobile payment system to customers.
Find your next job with computerworld UK jobs


text:
Is online right for me?
Technology Check
In order to participate in an online course at Loyola University Chicago, we have identified a few hardware and software requirements that will ensure a positive experience for you in the online environment. This tool will evaluate your computer and determine any areas that do not meet our minimum system requirements. Technology Check >
Ready for Online?
Through this module, you will identify through self-assessment if online learning is a good fit for your learning style. Additionally, you will have an understanding of the different types of online learning at Loyola University Chicago, as well as selecting an environment that works best for taking an online course. Ready for Online >
Netiquette and Online Behavior
You've mastered the art of fine dining and table manners, but have you considered your behaviors in the online environment? In this module, you will have the opportunity to examine your own personal communication skills. Netiquette and Online Behavior >
Your Online Class
After reviewing the documents and sites in this module, you will be able to navigate through Sakai and all of the various components of your online course. Your Online Class >


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Summary | Headline Only
September 21, 2011 10:36 pm ET filed under Fact Check
What Happened To The Republican Consensus On Climate Change?
In May right-wing activist Marc Morano said Republican candidates "can believe in the science of global warming ... if you keep your mouth shut about it and you advocate no quote-unquote solution to the problem." By contrast, the following statements show that in previous years, prominent Republicans spoke about both the robust body of evidence indicating that human activities are changing the climate and the need to address the problem. While the political discourse has since regressed, the scientific consensus has not.


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You Are Here:
Home > Criminal Defense Issues > Grand Jury Reform
House Judiciary Committee Chairman Henry Hyde (R-IL) recently noted that the federal grand jury, originally established by the Founding Fathers as a means of protecting American citizens against government excess, is today a captive of federal prosecutors. The prosecutor exercises enormous power, unrestrained by law or judicial supervision. The grand jury process itself is largely devoid of legal rules. The process has become one that wholly fails to protect ordinary American citizens. The balance has shifted so dramatically in favor of the prosecution that it has been noted, time and again, that "A good prosecutor could get a grand jury to indict a ham sandwich."
The Commission to Reform the Federal Grand Jury, which comprises individuals of unsurpassed breadth and expertise in the criminal justice system, has worked intensely over the past two years to examine whether reforms of the federal grand jury system are required. Our findings suggest that fundamental changes are required to restore balance and equity between individual citizens and their government. The proposed changes are all reasonable. In response to demonstrated abuses, several key states, New York and Massachusetts among them, already have successfully instituted many of these well-considered proposals into their grand jury systems.
We call upon Congress to do the same at the federal level, and alter the dangerous prosecutorial rubber stamp that constitutes today's federal grand jury. It is the hope of this Commission that Congress will use this document to take the first steps toward ameliorating this problem and restoring justice to America's heralded criminal justice system.
Bill of Rights for the Federal Grand Jury
In 1791, when the grand jury was incorporated into our constitutional structure, its primary role was to protect the individual from unfounded accusations. As one observer has noted, "the grand jury had achieved renown as a bulwark against despotism, a protector of the common man against oppressive prosecution. The institution's investigatory role was secondary." But, in the subsequent 200 years, in the federal system anyway, "the protective function has been trivialized and the investigator's function expanded to the point where the institution is almost precisely the opposite of what the Founding Fathers intended."1
Today, many would agree with the observation of William J. Campbell, former federal district judge in Chicago: "[T]oday, the grand jury is the total captive of the prosecutor who, if he is candid, will concede that he can indict anybody, at any time, for almost anything, before any grand jury."2
What this means is that the federal grand jury is a secret ex parte proceeding where the evidence is presented by the prosecutor and the grand jury votes whether to indict without ever hearing from the court (other than a preliminary session welcoming the grand jurors and giving some general guidelines about their duties) or defense counsel. Unsurprisingly, under these circumstances the grand jurors tend to bond with the prosecutor and indict when the prosecutor indicates there should be an indictment.
Thus, the federal grand jury today functions primarily as a tool of the federal prosecutor. Employing the power of compulsory process in a secret proceeding, the prosecutor investigates and determines, with virtually no check, who will be indicted and for what.
In the federal grand jury, the prosecutor exercises this enormous power unrestrained by law or judicial supervision. The grand jury process is largely devoid of legal rules. The prosecutor can present the evidence he or she wants to present in the manner he or she wants to present it. The only theoretical restriction is that, if an indictment is rendered, the evidence should be sufficient to establish probable cause that the accused committed the crime charged. Even that minimal test, however, finds no mechanism in the federal system for its enforcement. Any claimed insufficiency, unfairness or abuse in the grand jury proceedings is said to "merge" in the trial — prejudice from grand jury impropriety is deemed "cured" by a fair trial. But an indictment alone can cause enormous harm to an individual or business accused.
The result is a federal grand jury process virtually immune from judicial supervision. Because grand jury procedure presently is given little legal significance, federal courts engage in little scrutiny of what happens there. While some prosecutors may conduct grand jury proceedings with meticulous care and concern for fairness to targets, others may not. If abuses do occur, they will rarely come to light.
Blind faith that misconduct does not occur behind the grand jury door would be naive in the extreme. In recent times, this problem of virtually unbridled federal prosecutorial power over the grand jury has been exacerbated, too frequently, by a lack of prosecutorial restraint. As former Reagan Administration Deputy Attorney General Arnold Burns has written:
[M]ost prosecutors . . . work long hours with little glory trying to bring about a just result. The problem is at the margins — but the margins are growing. Increasingly, the high public profile of a target or the attention-grabbing nature of the alleged wrongdoing may have more to do with a matter's "prosecutorial merit" than the strength of the evidence or the seriousness of the crime.
[M]ost prosecutors . . . work long hours with little glory trying to bring about a just result. The problem is at the margins — but the margins are growing. Increasingly, the high public profile of a target or the attention-grabbing nature of the alleged wrongdoing may have more to do with a matter's "prosecutorial merit" than the strength of the evidence or the seriousness of the crime.
* * *
The problem has become endemic, and the solution will need to go beyond ad hoc displays of judicial exasperation and oversight.
The problem has become endemic, and the solution will need to go beyond ad hoc displays of judicial exasperation and oversight.
What has been lost is a sense of proportionality and identification of priorities.3
In the intervening decades, the number of federal prosecutors has exploded while effective controls against federal grand jury abuses have dwindled. The result has been an increase in prosecutorial excesses that has resulted in witness abuse and indictments that should never have been brought — destroying the lives, careers and businesses of innocent Americans. The need for federal grand jury reform, to safeguard the citizenry against such excess, has only gotten greater.
The federal grand jury is back in the spotlight. One can hardly open a newspaper or turn on the radio or television without hearing criticism or concerns about unfairness to citizens exposed to the grand jury process.28 Americans are troubled as their fellow citizens increasingly relate grueling and costly experiences as they emerge from testifying before a federal grand jury.
Rather than repeat the mistakes of the past, we need to learn from them. At the very least, if the case was not made in the 1970s for some basic federal grand jury reforms, we submit that recent experience has made the case for reform today. The modest measures recommended in this Report will help return the institution of the federal grand jury to its rightful place within our justice system — as a viable means for helping to ferret out criminal activity while also ensuring fairness to all individuals and businesses who come within its focus.
1. A witness before the grand jury who has not received immunity shall have the right to be accompanied by counsel in his or her appearance before the grand jury. Such counsel shall be allowed to be present in the grand jury room only during the questioning of the witness and shall be allowed to advise the witness. Such counsel shall not be permitted to address the grand jurors, stop the proceedings, object to questions, stop the witness from answering a question, nor otherwise take an active part in proceedings before the grand jury. The court shall have the power to remove from the grand jury room, or otherwise sanction counsel for conduct inconsistent with this principle.
Presently, a witness — including a target or subject of investigation — who appears before a federal grand jury is not entitled to counsel inside the grand jury room. The witness must request permission from the grand jury to consult outside the grand jury room with counsel. Nowhere else in the criminal justice process is a person who desires counsel denied the right to have counsel at his side as he is questioned.
Exclusion of counsel is unfair to the witness. A key aspect of our criminal justice system is the ability to consult with counsel. Significant legal risks confront the grand jury witness, such as the danger of self-incrimination, contempt or perjury. Also, privileges such as attorney-client privilege may inadvertently be waived. Often, the witness appears for hours. In the intimidating atmosphere of the grand jury, the witness may have difficulty remembering his attorney's instructions and may be too frightened to request a halt in the proceedings so he can consult with counsel outside the grand jury room.
As the 1977 ABA Report on grand jury reform stated: "Requiring a witness who needs advice of counsel to consult his attorney outside the grand jury room door is awkward and prejudicial. It unnecessarily prolongs the grand jury proceeding and places the witness in an unfavorable light before the grand jurors." Former Watergate Special Prosecutor (now White House Counsel) Charles Ruff testified before Congress in the 1970s to the same effect, in favor of the reform proposal: "Most prosecutors would admit that they count on the burden of leaving the room to dissuade the witness from asserting his right to counsel."29
This reform will actually be less disruptive of grand jury proceedings than the current practice of stopping the proceedings so that the witness can leave the grand jury room. The proposal precludes counsel from addressing the grand jurors or participating in the proceedings. It simply provides that if the witness wishes to consult with her lawyer, she gets to speak with counsel before answering the question. This is eminently fair, and can help prevent injustice to the witness appearing before the federal grand jury without disrupting the proceedings.
2. No prosecutor shall knowingly fail to disclose to the federal grand jury evidence in the prosecutor's possession which exonerates the target or subject of the offense. Such disclosure obligations shall not include an obligation to disclose matters that affect credibility such as prior inconsistent statements or Giglio materials.
The 1992 U.S. Supreme Court decision in United States v. Williams established that the federal courts do not possess an inherent power to supervise the federal grand jury.30 Without congressional action, then, there is no effective judicial remedy for federal prosecutorial excesses in the grand jury process.
Because the grand jury operates virtually under total prosecutorial control, federal prosecutors can, and sometimes do, manipulate the proceedings. Fairness to the grand jury target — and respect for the grand jury's independence — requires that the prosecution be required to present to the grand jury known evidence negating guilt.
To effectuate this proposal, Congress should pass legislation authorizing the court's dismissal, with or without prejudice, of an indictment based upon the prosecutor's violation of this principle. This way, the federal courts would be able to check and balance prosecutorial powers, to safeguard the citizenry and the legal system against prosecutorial excesses in the federal grand jury.
This reform will not disrupt the efficient operation of the grand jury process. It does not shift hearings back to the grand jury stage of proceedings. Rather, the defense motion to dismiss would be made, and addressed by a court, post-indictment (but still pre-trial), only.
3. The prosecutor shall not present to the federal grand jury evidence which he or she knows to be constitutionally inadmissible at trial because of a court ruling on the matter.
In United States v. Calandra, the Supreme Court ruled that the exclusionary rule did not apply in grand jury proceedings.31
Although evidence illegally obtained by electronic surveillance is specifically excluded by statute from use in the federal grand jury,32 under Calandra, virtually all other illegally seized evidence is admissible in the grand jury. Calandra observed that "for the most part, a prosecutor would be unlikely to request an indictment where a conviction would not be obtained."33 But even if this debatable proposition is accepted, there should be no basis even for a prosecutor to consider utilizing in the grand jury evidence he or she knows to be unlawfully obtained.
If the federal grand jury is to serve its historical function of being shield as well as sword, the integrity of the process must be maintained. Since the Supreme Court has decided it does not possess the inherent power to supervise the federal grand jury, legislation excluding unconstitutionally obtained evidence from the process is necessary.
To effectuate this principle, the federal courts must be congressionally empowered to dismiss, with or without prejudice, an indictment obtained even in part by violation of this basic rule. Under this proposal, the court would not be able to dismiss if a violation is deemed to be harmless error — that is, if other, admissible evidence before the grand jury sustains the indictment.
This reform will not disrupt the grand jury process. Like Recommended Reform Right Two, it would not shift suppression and/or dismissal hearings back to the grand jury stage of proceedings. The suppression or dismissal motion would be made post-indictment (but still pre-trial), only.
4. A target or subject of a grand jury investigation shall have the right to testify before the grand jury. Prosecutors shall notify such targets or subjects of their opportunity to testify, unless notification may result in flight, endanger other persons or obstruct justice, or unless the prosecutor is unable to notify said persons with reasonable diligence. A target or subject of the grand jury may also submit to the court, to be made available to the foreperson, an offer, in writing, to provide information or evidence to the grand jury.
In its 1977 Report recommending this proposal, the ABA stated:
This principle is intended to insure that individuals are given the opportunity to testify on their own behalf prior to being indicted. This is an essential ingredient in a fairly functioning grand jury — and criminal justice — system. Without it, the grand jury's essential function of arriving at an accurate indictment is undermined because the jurors may be denied certain evidence.
In fact, it is already the rule in New York that a defendant on notice of a state grand jury investigation has an absolute right to testify before the panel if he chooses and may also recommend specific witnesses to the grand jury.34
Drawing upon this New York model, our Recommended Reform Right Four proposes that a federal prosecutor be required to take all reasonable steps to notify a prospective defendant of his right to testify. The reasonableness touchstone of the proposal recognizes that, in some instances: (1) the prosecutor will truly be unable to locate such persons; or (2) notification may result in the person's fleeing, endangering witnesses or other persons or obstructing justice. In these extraordinary instances, notification of the right to testify would not be required (as it would be unreasonable). This measure should also include a specific provision permitting judicial dismissal of an indictment, with or without prejudice, for a failure to comply which does not fall within the reasonableness exceptions of the reform.
The second part of the proposal — that a target or subject may make available to the foreperson, through the court, an offer in writing to offer information to the federal grand jury — also insures that the grand jury receives all the relevant information it needs to actually make an informed decision on an indictment. There is no requirement that the foreperson accept the proffered information. Rather, the foreperson is simply made aware of its existence and afforded the choice as to whether it is relevant and helpful to the work of the grand jurors.
Still, we well recognize that the foreperson could feel inhibited from accepting the proffered information or evidence by the prosecutor's influence over the grand jury. Thus, a refusal to hear evidence proposed by the target or subject should provide the court grounds, in its sound discretion, to dismiss a resulting indictment with or without prejudice.35
5. Witnesses should have the right to receive a transcript of their federal grand jury testimony.
A number of well-reasoned opinions have held that a witness has a presumptive right to obtain a transcript of his own federal grand jury testimony.36 Notwithstanding this, federal courts still routinely deny motions by witness to obtain transcripts of their own grand jury testimony.
The reasons favoring such disclosure are strong. Notwithstanding federal prosecutors' arguments that secrecy prohibits disclosure, Rule 6(e)(2), which deals with secrecy, does not preclude such disclosure. Indeed, a witness is free to tell the world what he has testified in the grand jury. Often, though, these oral renditions are inaccurate or untrustworthy, while a transcript would ensure accuracy.
At present, a federal grand jury witness must rely upon his memory or upon the lawyer's debriefing notes of his earlier grand jury testimony if called again to the grand jury. Witnesses are often called for multiple grand jury appearances. To clarify ambiguity, avoid inadvertent inconsistencies and to protect against a perjury indictment, a witness should be entitled to his own grand jury testimony.
Federal prosecutors recognize the value of providing or reading to their trial witnesses a transcript of their grand jury testimony before trial. This long-standing practice serves the prosecutorial purpose of minimizing impeachment of the witness at trial and providing the opportunity to clarify ambiguity during trial preparations. If the prosecution's witnesses enjoy such opportunity, how can it be argued that any witness should be denied a transcript of his grand jury testimony? Allowing witnesses called by the prosecutor at trial to review their own transcripts, while denying this right to any other witnesses recalled to the grand jury or called as a defense witness at trial, fosters a system of mere gamesmanship that denigrates the integrity of federal grand jury proceedings.37
In short, upon our collective analysis, as observed by one federal district court, we regard prosecutorial arguments against a witness's right of access to his grand jury testimony to be no more than "a paranoid secrecy for the sake of secrecy itself."38
6. The federal grand jury shall not name a person in an indictment as an unindicted co-conspirator to a criminal conspiracy. Nothing herein shall prevent the prosecutor from supplying such names in a bill of particulars.
In Briggs v. United States, the Fifth Circuit powerfully stated the case for prohibiting the naming of persons in an indictment as unindicted co-conspirators.39 Noting that a "grand jury indictment is a specific accusation of crime, having a threefold purpose: notice to the defendant, pleading in litigation, and the basis for the determination of acquittal or conviction," the court stated that "none of those functions encompasses public accusations directed at persons not named as defendants."40
As the ABA report stated in recommending this proposal, naming persons in an indictment as unindicted conspirators "stains the reputation of the person without providing any means for the person to show his innocence." This damage is often incalculable. It is not only a public embarrassment and lasting private humiliation, but it frequently causes loss of employment and jeopardizes opportunity for election to public office. Explained the Briggs court:
[T]he grand jury that returns an indictment naming a person as an unindicted conspirator does not perform its shielding function but does exactly the reverse. If the charges are baseless, the named person should not be subjected to public branding, and if supported by probable cause, he should not be denied a forum.41
Answering critics of this reform, the second part of our proposal permits the federal prosecutor to disclose the names of unindicted co-conspirators in response to an appropriate request by defense counsel. This will afford prosecutors the opportunity, assuming evidentiary requirements are met, of introducing co-conspirator statements at trial. At the same time, it prevents the unfair branding of a citizen unindicted as well as the undue ambushing at trial of a citizen defendant.
7. All non- immunized subjects or targets called before a federal grand jury shall be given a Miranda warning by the prosecutor before being questioned.
Federal prosecutors routinely tell witnesses they are not "targets" to get them to answer questions without counsel before the grand jury, only later to indict them after they have helplessly incriminated themselves. This problem can be curbed by requiring the brief issuance of a Miranda-type warning to grand jury subjects or targets.
If one is called before the grand jury for more than one appearance, she should be given a fresh set of warnings before the start of questioning at each additional appearance. Waiver of the rights can be made quickly and orally, as long as they are transcribed or recorded as part of the grand jury proceedings. See also Recommended Reform Right Nine, infra.
Such a reform is only fair. Complex and important legal issues face any subject or target before the grand jury. This is especially daunting for the typical, lay subject or target. An appearance before the grand jury may subject an individual to the grave danger of self-incrimination. The subject or target may inadvertently lose his right to claim the privilege against self-incrimination by operation of the waiver doctrine.
8. All subpoenas for witnesses called before a federal grand jury shall be issued at least 72 hours before the date of appearance, not to include weekends and holidays, unless good cause is shown for an exemption.
This reform would prohibit the ambushing of witnesses by federal prosecutors who serve forthwith subpoenas at the 11th hour. All too frequently, there is no good reason for this lack of notice to the subject of the subpoena. The prosecutor is simply seeking to gain an undue advantage over the surprised, unprepared, and less likely to be counseled, witness. The proposal makes specific provision for the true emergency situation, in which at least 72 hours' notice is not reasonably possible.
9. The federal grand jurors shall be given meaningful jury instructions, on the record, regarding their duties and powers as grand jurors, and the charges they are to consider. All instructions, recommendations and commentary to grand jurors by the prosecution shall be recorded and shall be made available to the accused after an indictment, during pre-trial discovery, and the court shall have discretion to dismiss an indictment, with or without prejudice, in the event of prosecutorial impropriety reflected in the transcript.
Grand jurors cannot exercise their historic powers of independence without meaningful jury instructions regarding their duties and powers as grand jurors, including the power to reject, as well as accept, the prosecutor's request for charges. Grand jurors, additionally, are entitled to receive instructions regarding the elements of the charges they are to consider. All instructions, as well as any statements made to grand jurors by prosecutors regarding the charges or the persons who are being investigated, must be on the record, so that the court, upon a proper showing by the parties, is able to properly supervise the fairness and integrity of the grand jury process.42
10. No prosecutor shall call before the federal grand jury any subject or target who has stated personally or through his attorney that he intends to invoke the constitutional privilege against self-incrimination.
The federal prosecutor may, however, seek a grant of immunity or contest the right of the witness to assert the privilege against self-incrimination. In such a case, the prosecutor shall file under seal any motion to compel the testimony of a witness who has indicated his refusal to testify in reliance upon his privilege against self-incrimination and any witness may file under seal any motion relating to or seeking to exercise or protect his right to refuse to testify. All proceedings held on such motions filed under seal shall be conducted in camera unless the witness requests a public hearing.
The only purpose for calling before the grand jury a witness who has indicated that he intends to invoke his right against self-incrimination is to harass or intimidate the witness, unless the prosecutor has obtained a grant of immunity.
This principle is reflected in part in the ABA Standards relating to prosecution function, Standard 3-3.6 which reads as follows:
(e) the prosecutor should not compel the appearance of a witness before the grand jury whose activities are the subject of the inquiry if the witness states in advance that, if called, he or she will exercise the constitutional privilege not to testify, unless the prosecutor intends to seek a grant of immunity according to law.This principle also appears in amendments to the U.S. Attorneys Manual adopted by the Department of Justice in December 1977, which directs: "if a written communication from a target, signed by him and his attorney, states that they will assert the Fifth Amendment, the witness should generally be excused from testifying unless there are reasons which strongly compel his personal assertion of that right before the grand jury."
We do not believe the Department's position that only targets should be excused provides sufficient protection against abuse and urge that, except in the circumstances identified, no witness who asserts in writing that she or he intends to take the Fifth Amendment should be compelled to do so before the federal grand jury.
The Commission:
Elkan Abramowitz, Morvillo, Abramowitz, Grand, Iason & Silberberg, New York City; former Chief, Criminal Division, U.S. Attorneys Office for the Southern District of New York.
Professor Barbara Bergman, University of New Mexico School of Law.
Arnold I. Burns, Arnhold S. Bleichroeder, Inc., New York City; former Deputy Attorney General, Reagan Administration.
J. William (Bill) Codinha, Peabody & Brown, Boston, Massachusetts; former Assistant District Attorney (Middlesex County, Mass.) (Including First Assistant and Chief Trial Counsel), 1972-1978; former Special Assistant Attorney General, Massachusetts, 1980-1981; former Chief Counsel/Deputy Staff Director, U.S. Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, 1991-1992; former Special Counsel, U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs ("Whitewater Investigation"), 1994.
W. Thomas (Tom) Dillard, III, Ritchie, Fels & Dillard, Knoxville, Tennessee; former U.S. Magistrate; former U.S. Attorney for the northern District of Florida, Reagan Administration.
Peter E. Fleming, Jr., Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle, New York City, former Assistant U.S. Attorney, Southern District of New York.
Howard W. Goldstein, Fried, Frank, Harris, Schriver & Jacobson, New York City; former Assistant U.S. Attorney and Chief Appellate Attorney, Southern District of New York.
Frederick (Fred) Hafetz, Goldman & Hafetz, New York City; former Chief, Criminal Division, U.S. Attorneys Office for the Southern District of New York.
John W. Keker, Keker & Van Nest, San Francisco, California, former Trial Attorney, Iran/Contra Independent Counsel.
Jim E. Lavine, Zimmermann & Lavine, Houston, Texas; former Assistant State's Attorney, Special Prosecutions Bureau, Organized Crime Unit, Cook County, Illinois; former Assistant District Attorney, Harris County, Texas.
Gerald B. (Jerry) Lefcourt, Gerald B. Lefcourt, P.C., New York City; Past President, National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers.
Herbert J. (Jack) Miller, Jr., Miller, Cassidy, Larroca & Lewin, Washington, DC; former Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division, Kennedy Administration; former member of the Advisory Committee on Criminal rules for the Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure of the U.S. Judicial Conference (1983-1988).
Professor Robert (Bob) Mosteller, Duke University School of Law.
Honorable William L. (Bill) Murphy, Richmond County District Attorney, New York; Past President, National District Attorneys Association.
Professor Richard Rosen, University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill) School of Law.
David S. Rudolf, Rudolf & Maher, Widenhouse &Fialko, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Neal R. Sonnett, Neal R. Sonnett, P.A., Miami, Florida; former Chief, Criminal Division, U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of Florida; Past President, National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers; Past Chair, American Bar Association Criminal Justice Section; Executive Committee Member, American Judicature Society.
Brendan Sullivan, Williams & Connelly, Washington, DC; counsel to Col. Oliver North, "Iran/Contra Investigation(s)."
William W. (Bill) Taylor, III, Zuckerman, Spaeder, Goldstein, Taylor & Kolker, Washington, D.C., former Chair, American Bar Association Criminal Justice Section.
Larry D. Thompson, King & Spalding, Atlanta, Georgia; former U.S. Attorney, Reagan Administration; former Associate Independent Counsel, Bush Administration ("HUD Investigation").
Anton R. (Tony) Valukas, Jenner & Block, Chicago, Illinois; former U.S. Attorney, Reagan Administration.
Martin G. (Marty) Weinberg, Oteri, Weinberg & Lawson, Boston, Massachusetts.
Theodore V. (Ted) Wells, Jr., Lowenstein, Sandler, Kohl, Fisher & Boylan, Roseland, New Jersey.
Frank Wohl, Lankler, Siffert & Wohl, New York City, former Assistant Chief, Criminal Division and Chief, Civil Division, U.S. Attorneys Office, Southern District of New York.
1. David L. Fine, Comment, Federal Grand Jury Investigation of Political Dissidents, 7 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 432, 498 (1972).2. William J. Campbell, Eliminate the Grand Jury, 64 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 174, 180 (1973). Our proposals are obviously more modest.3. Arnold I. Burns, Warren L. Dennis and Amybeth Garcia-Bokor, Curbing Prosecutorial Excess: A Job for the Courts and Congress, The Champion, July 1998, at 12-13.4. United States v. Van Engel, 15 F. 3d 623, 626 (7th Cir. 1993).5. United States v. Kojayan, 8 F.3d 1315, 1320 (9th Cir. 1993). Compare Paul Craig Roberts, Ambition Above Justice, Wash. Times, Mar. 26, 1998, at A18 ("A former assistant U.S. attorney described to me the extraordinary decline in prosecutorial ethics he has witnessed during his career. He laid blame on . . . the overnight expansion of the number of assistant U.S. attorneys from 1200 to more than 7000. There were not enough seasoned people to fill the posts, and the influx overwhelmed the ability of the Justice Department to inculcate a respect for justice and the majesty of law as opposed to a win-at-all-costs attitude favored by the younger law school graduates.").6. Subcommittee on Government Information, Justice, and Agriculture, U.S. House Committee on Government Operations, "Federal Prosecutorial Authority in a Changing Legal Environment: More Attention Required," H.R. Rep. 986, (1990) (101st Cong.).7. Pub. L. No. 105-119 (Nov. 26, 1997) (now at 18 U.S.C. 3006A note) ("Hyde Amendment" statute for recoupment of fees and costs associated with being prosecuted frivolously, vexatiously, or in bad faith); H.R. Conf. Rep. No. 105-405, at 193-94 (1998) ("a grand jury finding of probable cause to support an indictment does not preclude a judge from finding that the government's position was vexatious, frivolous, or in bad faith."). See Henry J. Hyde, "Trust a 340-84 Vote and 17 Years of Success," Oct. 27, 1997 ("Dear Colleague" regarding his amendment for fee and cost recoupment for the wrongfully prosecuted, debunking DOJ's claim that Congress need not be concerned with wrongful prosecutions because prosecutors must go to a grand jury before they can indict a defendant.) Reported decisions in just one year's time under the Hyde Amendment, regarding successful motions for fee and cost recoupment, include: U.S. v. Holland, 1999 U.S. Dist. Lexis 1147 (E.D. Va. 1998); U.S. v. Ranger Electronic Communications Inc., 22 F. Supp.2d 667 (W.D. Mich.1998); United States v. Gardner, 23 F. Supp.2d 1283 (N.D. Okla. 1998); and U.S. v. Yee Chan (Mid Pac Electric Co.), 22 F. Supp.2d 1123 (D. Hawaii 1998). See also Pub. L. No. 105-277, Sec. 801 (Ethical Standards for Prosecutors Act, supported by U.S. House Judiciary Committee Chairman Hyde, effective April 19, 1999).8. U.S. v. Holland, 1999 U.S. Dist. Lexis 1147 (E.D. Va. 1998).9. Terry Carter, The Zealots and the Senator, A.B.A.J., Oct. 1998, at 60.10. Id. at 67.11. Id.12. Ann Davis, Life in a Federal Prosecutor's Cross Hairs, Wall Street Journal, Mar. 17, 1998, at B1, B17.13. Id., at B17 (emphasis added here).14. Id.15. Cleared of Army Fraud, Woman Loses Effort to Recover Legal Fees, Wall Street Journal, Mar. 26, 1998, at B13.16. Gentile v. Nevada, 501 U.S. 1030 (1991).17. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1987 Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, table 5.22; 1988 Sourcebook, table 5.28; U.S.S.C. Annual Report 1998, table 10 at 20.18. 414 U.S. at 343.19. See, e.g., Thomas P. Sullivan and Robert D. Nachman, If It Ain't Broke, Don't Fix It: Why the Grand Jury's Accusatory Function Should Not Be Changed, 75 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 1047, 1062-1063 (1984).20. See, e.g., Jeffrey Bayles, Grand Jury Reform: The Colorado Experience, A.B.A.J., May 1981, at 571.21. See, e.g., Sullivan & Nachman, supra note 33, at 1067. See also e.g., Fla. Crim. Code 905.17 (2)("The witness may be represented before the grand jury by one attorney. This provision is permissive only and does not create a right to counsel for the grand jury witness. The attorney for the witness shall not be permitted to address the grand jurors, raise objections, make arguments, or otherwise disrupt proceedings before the grand jury. The attorney for the witness shall be permitted to advise and counsel the witness . . . .").22. Jay Fenster, Note, The Presence of Counsel in the Grand Jury Room, 47 Fordham L. Rev. 1138, 1152-54 (1979).23. Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, U.S. Senate Committee on Judiciary, "Reform of the Grand Jury System," Sept. 18, 1976 (94th Cong.), at 272 (statement of Charles F.C. Ruff).24. .18 U.S.C. 2515.25. 414 U.S. at 351.26. See supra notes 4-5, and accompanying text.27. See e.g., Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, U.S. Senate Committee on Judiciary, "Reform of the Grand Jury System," Sept. 28, 1976 (94th Cong.); Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, and International Law, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary, "Grand Jury reform," Mar. 17, Apr. 27, June 1 and 29, 1997 (95th Cong.).Diverse supporters of reforms such as those we propose included: General Motors Corporation; Litton Industries Corporation; Bethlehem Steel Corporation; Watergate Prosecutor (now White House Counsel) Charles F. Ruff; the Alliance for Preservation of Religious Liberty; the National Council of Churches (a cooperative agency of 30 national religious bodies of Protestant, Anglican and Eastern Orthodox traditions in the country, aggregating over 40 million members); the National Council of Churches of Christ; the Reporter's Committee for Freedom of the Press; the Newspaper Guild (AFL-CIO); International Longshoresmen's & Warehousemen's Union; Richard E. Gerstein, State's Attorney, Metropolitan Dade County (Florida) — the chair of the ABA Criminal Justice Section's Committee on the Grand Jury, and a former president of the National District Attorneys Association.Editorial endorsements of these type proposals spanned the nation. See, e.g., Denver Post, Grand Jury Reform Merits Public Support, June 23, 1976; Louisville Times, Congress Can Check Grand Jury Abuses, Nov. 15, 1976; Austin American-Statesman, Grand Jury Reform Needed, July 30, 1977; Charlotte Observer, Leaky Shield — Grand Juries Need Repair, July 11, 1977; Salt Lake City Tribune, Grand Jury System Would Gain From ABA Reform Package, Aug. 12, 1977. See also Under Indictment — GM, Other Unlikely Critics Accuse Grand Juries of Abusing Rights They Are Supposed to Protect, Wall Street Journal , June 23, 1977; Corporate Complaints of Grand Jury Abuses, Wash. Post, July 6, 1977.28. See, e.g., Win at All Costs: Government Misconduct in the Name of Expedient Justice, Pittsburgh Post- Gazette, Nov.-Dec. 1998 (10-part series from several years' comprehensive investigation, by award-winning investigative reporter, into prosecutorial misconduct including abuses of the grand jury); Dateline NBC, Mar. 26. 1999. See also Trial and Error: How Prosecutors Sacrifice Justice to Win," Chicago Tribune, Jan. 1999 (5-part series from similarly comprehensive investigation into sample of murder cases alone, since 1963, contaminated by prosecutorial misconduct).29. Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, U.S. Senate Committee on Judiciary, "Reform of the Grand Jury System," Sept. 18, 1976 (94th Cong.), at 272 (statement of Charles F.C. Ruff) (emphasis added).30. 504 U.S. 36 (1992).31. 414 U.S. 613 (1974).32. .18 U.S.C. 2515.33. 414 U.S. at 351.34. N.Y. Crim. Pro. L. 190.50 (5)(a): "When a criminal charge against a person is being or is about to be or has been submitted to a grand jury, such person has a right to appear before such grand jury as a witness in his own behalf if, prior to the filing of any indictment or any direction to file a prosecutor's information in the matter, he serves upon the district attorney of the county a written notice making such request stating an address to which communications may be sent. . . .".35. 18 USC 1504 may need to be revised to reflect that this proffer of information and evidence is not improper, let alone illegal. The broadly written Section 1504 currently makes it a misdemeanor, with a maximum punishment of six months incarceration, to provide a written communication to a grand juror.36. See, e.g., In re Sealed Motion, 880 F.2nd 1367 (D.C. Cir. 1989); In re Subpoena of Heimerle, 788 F. Supp. 700 (E.D.N.Y. 1992).37. John R. Wing and Eli Gottresdiene, Grand Jury Investigations, Business Crimes Journal, May 1988.38. In re Minkoff, 349 F. Supp. 154, 158 (D.R.I. 1972).39. 514 F.2d 794 (5th Cir. 1975).40. .Id. at 800.41. Id. at 803.42. ABA Standards for Criminal Justice, Prosecution Function, Standard 3-3.5(c) (3d edition).
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Wedding Traditions: Breaking the Rules and Having a Custom Wedding
Do I always have to wear white? Can I scrap the cake in favor of something a little more fun? One bride wants to break the rules — and it's perfectly okay
(page 1 of 2)
Notice anything about weddings lately? Brides are breaking the rules all over the place. These breaches of etiquette is a way in which bridal couples can customize and personalize their weddings.
A Hudson Valley bride asks: "I have some questions: Do I have to wear a white wedding gown? Do I have to have the same number of bridesmaids and groomsmen? Can I have something other than wedding cake as my dessert? Help!"
» More about wedding traditions
» More from The Wedding Guru
» Submit a question to the Wedding Guru
» Hudson Valley Weddings 2013
(Continued on next page)


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Will & Estate Records explains the last wish of the testator. The utility of this record is indeed wide and varied. One can now easily resolve numerous issues of life with the help of will and estate data and information. The database contains certain data that can prove to be excellent clue for prolific research.
Stanislaus County Will & Estate Records remarkably makes a mark in the history of genealogical research for now people can access a great deal of specifics about the family and forefather. The invaluable database consists of particulars like testator's name, case number, date of death, personal representative's name, county of filling, attorney's name, estate type and estate status, and many other important current specifics.
Prolific clues and specifics about the public and vital statistics and records now can easily be achieved with the help of Stanislaus Will and Estate Records Search Index. The excellent search index now is the ideal destination for the genealogists to look for numerous data including birth, marriage, divorce decree, adoption data, land data and assessment details, military & veteran's history, death certificate records, obituary notice, war and enlistment details along with will and estate records and the likes. Now access all such relevant information and add value to your people's research.
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Washington, D.C., March 21, 2011 – The Securities and Exchange Commission today charged three firms and four individuals involved in a boiler room scheme operating out of Los Angeles that defrauded investors who they persuaded to buy purportedly profitable trading systems.
The SEC alleges that representatives of Spyglass Equity Systems Inc. cold-called investors and made false and misleading statements to help raise more than $2.15 million from nearly 200 investors nationwide for two related investment companies – Flatiron Capital Partners LLC (FCP) and Flatiron Systems LLC (FS). However, only a little more than half of that money was actually used for the advertised trading purposes, and much of the trading that did occur failed to use the purported trading systems. FCP and FS wound up losing about $1 million in investor funds. The managing member of the two firms – David E. Howard II – misused almost $500,000 of investor money for unauthorized business expenses as well as personal expenses including travel, entertainment, and gifts for his girlfriend.
Along with Howard, FCP and FS, Spyglass and its owners – Richard L. Carter, Preston L. Sjoblom and Tyson D. Elliott – also are charged with fraud in connection with the unregistered securities offerings.
"This operation pressured elderly and unsophisticated investors to entrust their money to purportedly can't-miss trading systems that were not only unsuccessful, but in many instances unused," said Donald M. Hoerl, Director of the SEC's Denver Regional Office. "They kept delivering false claim after false claim until the money dissipated."
According to the SEC's complaint filed in federal court in the Central District of California, Howard conspired with Spyglass to sell the securities, and Spyglass earned an estimated $1 million in the deal. The trading systems pitched to investors by Spyglass representatives could only be used if the investor also funded a brokerage account at FCP. However, FCP was not a broker-dealer and thus could not offer brokerage services to customers.
The SEC alleges that Spyglass representatives falsely touted a successful performance history and level of automation of the trading systems, and misled investors to believe that FCP had a positive reputation and solid affiliations in the brokerage industry. To seal the deal, Spyglass offered investors a money-back guarantee if the system did not generate a profit within the first 180 days of trading. However it was only after an investor paid Spyglass a license fee of about $6,000 that Spyglass put the investor in contact with Flatiron, ostensibly to open a brokerage account.
The SEC's complaint alleges that Howard and FCP provided each investor with instructions on how to fund their "account" with FCP, but included in the instruction packet a copy of the FCP Operating Agreement that indicated the investor was actually purchasing a membership interest in FCP. Many of the investors recruited by Spyglass were elderly and unsophisticated investors who did not understand that they were purchasing a security interest in FCP.
According to the SEC's complaint, FCP pooled investor funds so Howard and others could trade the funds using various trading techniques. When the trading was not successful and it became clear that Spyglass would have to pay refunds to its clients, Howard provided Spyglass with another trading system and organized FS to purportedly operate the new system. Using false and misleading claims of prior success of this new trading system and Spyglass's relationship with FS and Howard, FCP investors were persuaded to transfer their investments from FCP to FS. Under the direction of Sjoblom and Carter, Spyglass then began selling the FS trading system to new investors using a sales pitch similar to the one it used to sell the FCP. Investors were again misled to believe they would be opening brokerage accounts, this time with FS. They were later provided with an FS Operating Agreement indicating they were actually purchasing a membership interest in FS. Howard used FS investor funds to trade in equities, futures and off-market securities.
When FS ran out of funds in December 2008, the SEC alleges that Howard took steps to conceal the fraudulent scheme by telling members that he had ceased all trading in order to conduct an audit of the trading accounts. However, Flatiron never hired an auditor and no audit was ever performed.
The SEC's complaint charges Spyglass, Sjoblom, Carter, Elliott, FS, FCP and Howard with violating Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 thereunder; FS, FCP and Howard with violations of Sections 5(a), 5(c) and 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933; Spyglass, Sjoblom, Carter and Elliott with violation of Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act; FS and FCP of violations of Section 7(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940; Howard with violations of Section 206(1), (2) and (4) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and Rule 206(4)-8 thereunder; and Spyglass, Carter, Sjoblom and Elliott with aiding abetting Howard's violations of Section 206(4) of the Advisers Act and Rule 206(4)-8 thereunder. The SEC seeks permanent injunctions, disgorgement plus prejudgment and post-judgment interest, and financial penalties.
This case was investigated by Kerry Matticks, Tracy Tirey and Jay Scoggins of the SEC's Denver Regional Office.
The SEC acknowledges the assistance of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), which charged Carter and his company The Trade Tech Institute Inc. in a related enforcement action filed in federal court in the Central District of California.
# # #
For more information about this enforcement action, contact:
Donald M. Hoerl
Director, SEC's Denver Regional Office
(303) 844-1060
Julie K. Lutz
Associate Director, SEC's Denver Regional Office
(303) 844-1056


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There's a big new arrival at Doncaster's Yorkshire Wildlife Park.
For the visitor attraction's rush of summer arrivals continued this weekend - with a new giraffe.
Youngster Jengo, who is just 19 months old, is now the baby of the firaffes living in YWP's £350,000 state –of- the-art enclosure.
He was born at Whipsnade Zoo and moved to YWP by a specialist transporter on Saturday.
Director Cheryl Williams said: "We are delighted to welcome Jengo.
"He is already settling well and getting to know the rest of his new friends. He looks so small next to the others now but will soon catch up with the rest!
"Their enclosure is so big there is still plenty of room.
"We hope in time that we will be able to set up a breeding group, but for now it is wonderful to see our new arrival settling in."
Jengo, a Reticulated Giraffe, joins 4 year-olds Palle and Jambo, an endangered Rothschild, Behansin, 9, and older statesman Jasper, 14.
Visitors can go inside their house, where they view the giraffes just 1m away as well as eye to eye viewing from a neighbouring 8m high platform. In good weather the giraffes roam in the 16 acres African Plain.
It is an extremely busy start to the Summer for YWP.
The award-winning attraction has already welcomed Freya, a rare Amur Leopard, a baby Eland antelope and a Marmoset. Meanwhile baby Lemur twins have just made their first public appearance.
"The public are in for a treat with all the new arrivals," said YWP Director Cheryl Williams. "They are significant additions in our continuing campaign to protect rare and endangered species and they are also magnificent animals to observe."
Freya is the park's first female and a landmark in the global battle to save the most endangered big cat species on the planet. Less than 45 remain in the wild and 220 in captivity, and the 70-acre park's efforts are critical part of the European Breeding programme.
The two-year-old Amur arrived safely from Tallin Zoo, in Estonia, and experts hope she will pair up with Drake and that they will breed in the future.
Her new home will be the spectacular 6,000 square metres Leopard Heights enclosure where visitors can get unrivalled views from an 8 metre high platform and a10 metre long glass wall at the park, near Doncaster.
Director Cheryl Williams added:" At present, we are allowing Freya to settle in in private out of the view of the public. It is likely to be some time before she out in the enclosure - then once she feels at home when the time is right she will be introduced to Drake."
YWP staff and visitors have also been thrilled by the birth of a male Eland calf who is being reared by his mum, Gunvor, and is thriving.
"We are absolutely delighted at the birth," added Cheryl Williams. "The calf is significant - his mum was the first new line to come to the UK in many years and this establishes new blood."
Meanwhile, a Marmoset baby was born in the first week of June - the first birth in the group for two years. There are now 12 Marmosets, the world's second smallest primate, at YWP .
Yorkshire Wildlife Park is celebrating its 5th birthday this Summer, which will see the return of the hugely popular Safari Nights.
Thousands of guests each Safari Night are expected to jump at the chance to see YWP's unique collection of some of the most beautiful and at risk animals in the world after hours.
At the same time, they will enjoy the Doncaster concert band, a BBQ, hog roast and a spectacular bangless firework finale.
Full information on the Safari Nights on July 26 and 31 as well as August 7, 14, 21 and 30 will be available at www.yorkshirewildlifepark.com
Meanwhile, TV wildlife presenter Michaela Strachan will be at YWP for Animal Action day on July 26 for a special programme of events during which endangered species will be showcased.
There will also be special ranger talks with proceeds going to a range of charities protecting endangered animals including YWP own foundation.
The Summer of fun marks the park's amazing growth in just five years into the UK's fastest growing walk through attraction and a major force in the protection of endangered species from around the world.
The park, offers an unrivalled opportunity to come face to face with Amur Leopards, Tigers, Painted Hunting Dogs, Lions, Giraffes, Meerkats, Wallabies, Camels, Giant Anteaters, Zebra and many many more.


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How UV-LED is used to gel ink droplets
By Paul Mills and Jennifer Heathcote
Splat. You can picture a tiny drop of ink thrust from a piezoelectric inkjet nozzle landing on a substrate. The ink droplet will not remain intact for long. Even under calmer conditions—like delicately depositing the drop onto a sheet of paper—it tends to spread out; increasing in diameter and altering its shape. The dimensional change from spreading, called dot or drop gain, is a nagging problem for digital printers. In a world where precise drop size and location determines print quality, drop gain tends to blur images and muddle colors with a loss of resolution, color integrity and gloss control. It is a finicky problem, confounded by a lot of variables, but one that is being helped by a new technology: UV LEDs.
UV LEDs are light sources that allow digital printers to gel or freeze UV ink droplets quickly before they have time to spread out (Figure 1). This is possible because the UV-LED light sources are more compact than conventional curing systems and can be easily positioned between successive print heads. The process of freezing ink droplets between print heads is called pinning and is somewhat different from fully curing the ink (Figure 2). While pinning stops the drop from spreading, it leaves the ink flexible and soft enough for proper inter-coat adhesion to other ink droplets and for further handling.
Full or final curing ordinarily occurs at the end of the process and transforms the ink into a more rigid film with the required final surface properties. All pinned inks must still pass underneath a final cure UV source to be fully cured.
Pinning is also different from so-called inter-deck curing found on some larger offset printing presses, where colors are early completely cured near the drum before other colors are applied downstream. A close-to-full cure is necessary with an offset process because the transfer plates make physical contact with the cured surface during printing. Pinning is possible with inkjet processes because inkjet printing requires no physical contact with the cure surface (Figure 3). The extent of dot or drop gain depends on properties of the ink, substrate, and the process environment.
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An olive to cultivate the hope in Palestine
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$50 Brown Brothers Milawa Gift Voucher
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FAIRFAX, Va. (AP) September wasn't kind to Ted Leonsis.
His successful NHL team, the Capitals, is locked out in a labor dispute. His WNBA Mystics ended the season with a 13-game losing streak and then finished last in the draft lottery. Even Madonna let him down, showing up so late for her concerts at the Verizon Center that he had to pay for the subway system to stay open for fans to get home.
And then came the news, just days before the opening of training camp, that marquee player John Wall would miss the first month or so of the Wizards' NBA season because of a knee injury.
Fortunately for his morale, this is a man who wrote a book called ``The Business of Happiness.''
``I kind of play the ball where it lies,'' the former AOL executive said Thursday night during a Wizards training camp practice. ``In what other business do pingpong balls drive a lot of your success and make your investment worth more or less? Health? I never once said at AOL or Groupon in a board meeting: `That JavaScript coder blew his elbow out - that app that we need is never going to happen.'
``It's why when you overcome all those things and you win, life's so exhilarating.''
Because of the NHL lockout, Leonsis limited his thoughts to the Wizards, who have been a test of his patience since he bought the team in the spring of 2010 following the death of longtime owner Abe Pollin. Washington is 43-105 under Leonsis' stewardship, and he said at the draft in June that another appearance in the lottery would be ``unacceptable.''
Now that camp is under way - with former No. 1 overall pick Wall on the sidelines nursing the early stages of a stress injury to his left knee cap - the expectations are a bit tempered.
``We would all find it unacceptable if we finished with the second- or third-worst record in the NBA this year,'' Leonsis said. ``That would be a failure, and the failure would start with me.''
The Wizards haven't won even one-third of their games in any season since their last playoff appearance in 2008, although Leonsis is optimistic the club will upgrade from the NBA's group of have-nots to the ``haves.'' He's just not sure how long it will take.
For one thing, there's been a lot of turnover to digest. Only Cartier Martin, who played in eight games at the end of the 2009-10 season, remains from the roster that Leonsis inherited less than 2 1/2 years ago.
``It's very sobering to have to enter a new season basically where John Wall is your most tenured player,'' Leonsis said. ``That was by design. We knew we'd have to rebuild the team and we did it fast, so I'm pleased that we are able to pull the Band-Aid off quickly. Now we have to see how this team jells and what we need on an ongoing basis to keep improving the team.''
Leonsis repeatedly referenced the Capitals and baseball's Washington Nationals, teams that went through agonizing building processes to go from bottom to top.
``I know the fan base, and frankly the media, would like the magic wand waved and the team with three superstars here overnight,'' Leonsis said. ``But I lost the magic wand. We're having to do it the old-fashioned authentic way, which is I think the way you're built to last.''
Follow Joseph White on Twitter:http://twitter.com/JGWhiteAP


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Inspiring ideas in Media Storytelling through multidisciplinary forms of storytelling from radio, film & TV, video, print, and the digital arts.
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This community is designed to reflect storytelling today - shared both through traditional means of oral storytelling, radio, film and TV, and print; in addition to newer forms of media storytelling through the digital arts, including gaming, blogging, online video, and social media.
To better enable our community to engage with one another to share ideas, success stories, marketing implications, new technologies, and questions on all things story, we have created a #StoryToGo Facebook Group and Google+ Community:


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Townshend, Vermont: A charming, quiet getaway
Tucked away in southeastern Vermont's Windham County, Townshend has quietly gone about its business since 1753, when it was chartered as one of the New Hampshire Land Grants. Named after British politician Charles Townshend, whose tax initiative prompted Boston's biggest tea party, this quintessential New England town charms visitors with its natural beauty, including rolling hills, a state park with hiking trails, a gorgeous town green, and a lake. Original farmsteads dot the countryside, along with a historic covered bridge, antiques stores, and modern shops, including a fabulous smokehouse-country store. While most of tranquil Townshend inspires one to unplug, those who feel the need to shake things up a little will appreciate that bustling Brattleboro lies only 17 miles away and the nearby resorts of Stratton Mountain, Bromley Mountain, and Mount Snow offer all sorts of alpine adventure.
Situated on the Townshend green, you'll find Boardman House (10 Common Road, 802-365-4086, www.vtchamber.com/lodging/boardmanhouse , $70-$120), a 19th-century, Greek Revival-style farmhouse with four simple rooms and one suite, each with a private bath. Up the road, travelling toward the town of Windham, set on 160 acres overlooking the Green Mountains, the elegant Windham Hill Inn (311 Lawrence Drive, 800-944-4080, www.windhamhill.com, $255 and up) pampers guests with 21 beautifully appointed guest rooms with breakfast, afternoon tea, and a sunset cheeseboard included in the price.
Breakfast time at Townshend Dam Diner, West Townshend, Vermont.
You can't visit Townshend without stopping into Townshend Dam Diner (5929 Route 30, 802-874-4107). With its booths and old-time spinning counter stools, lively chatter from the staff and regulars, and casual family feel, the diner features made-from-scratch breads and baked goods, stuffed omelets, homemade soups, house-roasted turkey, pork, and beef lunches and dinners. In nearby Jamaica, you'll find specialty coffee drinks, baked goods, and light lunches at Jamaica Coffee House (3863 Main St., 802-874-4643, most sandwiches $7.25). For dinner, Asta's Swiss Inn (3894 Main St., Jamaica, 802-874-8000, entrees $18-$35) specializes in traditional Swiss specialties, like wiener schnitzel and grilled knackwurst and bratwurst with crisp, shredded potato rosti, all served in an elegant dining room with white tablecloths and an impressive wine list (many Austrian wines). At the Windham Hill Inn (see above), you'll find upscale New England cuisine in the form of two seasonally inspired menus, with four or six courses ($60-$80), served in a pretty little dining room overlooking a small pond.
Scott Covered Bridge, built in 1870 and the longest single span covered bridge in Vermont, Townshend, Vermont.
Shoppers will appreciate the boutiques and antiques shops sprinkled throughout the area, including Taft Hill Collection Gift Store (1096 Vermont Route 30, 802-365-4200, www.tafthill.com), selling furniture, linens, and housewares, including various glasses and bowls hand-painted with flowers. Twitchell House Antiques (2568 Route, 30, 802-365-9224, www.twitchellhouse.com) has rooms full of treasures ranging from linens and vintage jewelry to furniture and old kitchen tools. Lawrence's Smoke Shop & Country Store (653 Route 30, 802-365-7372, www.lawrencessmokeshop.com) has delectable smoked meats (sausage, bacon, chicken and duck breasts), smoked cheeses (try the smoked mozzarella), various maple products, and crafts. Nearby, Grafton Village Cheese (56 Townshend Road, Grafton, 800-472-3866, www.graftonvillagecheese.com) sells aged and flavored cheddars, along with various cow and sheep's milk cheeses, including Eweden Apple Pie, a sheep and cow's milk cheese seasoned with holiday spices and marinated in Eden Ice Cider. Photographers and outdoor enthusiasts will appreciate the area's natural and man-made attractions, beginning with Scott Covered Bridge (on Route 30). Built in 1870, it's the longest single-span covered bridge in the state, arching over West River below Townshend Dam. Hikers can climb Bald Mountain in Townshend State Park (2755 State Forest Road, 802-365-7500, www.vtstateparks.com/htm/townshend.htm ) for panoramic views or follow the trails in Jamaica State Park (48 Salmon Hole Lane, Jamaica, 802-874-4600, www.vtstateparks.com/htm/jamaica.htm) to Hamilton Falls, considered one of the most beautiful waterfalls in the state.
During hunting season in Vermont, be cautious when hiking and wear bright colors such as orange, especially in Townshend from anywhere between Oct. 3rd and Dec. 15, but specifically, Nov. 10-25 (rifle season) and Dec. 1-9 (muzzle-loader season).
Townshend becomes quiet at night, which is part of its charm. However, if you're looking for more than curling up with a good book at your inn, head to Phelps Barn Pub, a carriage house tavern inside The Grafton Inn (92 Main St., Grafton, 800-843-1801, www.graftoninnvermont.com), which has live music on Saturday nights. Alternatively, enjoy a post-prandial drink near a crackling fire at the nearby Three Mountain Inn (30 Depot St., Jamaica, 802-874-4140, www.threemountaininn.com).


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Biological Sciences
Research Highlights
November 2005
Journal lists two PNNL articles in top five most accessed
Two journal articles by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory scientists were among the most-accessed scientific papers in 2005 in the Journal of Proteome Research.
"Probability-Based Evaluation of Peptide and Protein Identifications from Tandem Mass Spectrometry and SEQUEST Analysis: The Human Proteome" was listed among the journal's three most accessed articles. The article described proteomic evaluations PNNL made of false positive peptide identifications from human proteome samples. Their findings demonstrated the need for new information filtering criteria for the samples. These criteria yielded significantly higher confidence levels (>95%) for peptide identifications and were further validated using a peptide normalized LC elution time (NET) criterion.
Authors are Wei-Jun Qian, Tao Liu, Matthew E. Monroe, Eric F. Strittmatter, Jon M. Jacobs, Lars J. Kangas, Konstantinos Petritis, David G. Camp II, and Richard D. Smith. The research was supported by a National Center for Research Resources NIH project and the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory at PNNL, sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER).
"Simple Protein Complex Purification and Identification Method for High-Throughput Mapping of Protein Interaction Networks" was number five on the list. The article describes a method developed by PNNL staff to purify and identify protein complexes that is not only simpler than current methods, but is easier to scale up and automate, making it suitable for high-throughput mapping of protein interaction networks and functional proteomics. The authors are L. Meng Markillie, Chiann-Tso Lin, Joshua N. Adkins, Deanna L. Auberry, Eric A. Hill, Brian S. Hooker, Priscilla A. Moore, Ronald J. Moore, Liang Shi, H. Steven Wiley, and Vladimir Kery. This work was supported by DOE's Genomics:Genomes to Life program, a BER project.
The list and articles can be accessed on the Journal of Proteome Research website.


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Seven Bulldogs Score At Least Eight Points In Ivy Road Victory
HANOVER, N.H. — It has been 22 years since the Yale University women's basketball team last won more than eight games against Ivy League competition in a season, but with three games remaining in the 2010-11 regular season, it looks like that run is on the verge of coming to an end.
With a balanced offensive effort and a relentless defense, the Bulldogs kept themselves in the hunt for the Ivy League championship.
Seven of the eight players who scored Friday night scored at least eight points to lead Yale to a 70-45 Ivy League win over Dartmouth at Leede Arena.
Senior forward Mady Gobrecht led the starters with 13 points, six rebounds and six assists. Ericka von Kaeppler came off the bench to score 13 points, one shy of her career-high, on 6-of-8 shooting. Sophomore guard Megan Vasquez recorded nine points and four assists, while junior forward Michelle Cashen chipped in with eight points and a game-high 10 rebounds. Senior guard Yoyo Greenfield, freshman forward Janna Graf, sophomore guard Allie Messimer all added eight points.
"Different people picked us up at different times," said Chris Gobrecht, the Joel E. Smilow, Class of 1954, Head Coach of Women's Basketball. "We were running on all cylinders and we're really tough when that happens."
With the win, Yale improves to 12-13 overall, 8-3 in the Ivy League, matching last year's Ivy League win total (8-6). The Bulldogs remain in third place in the Ivy League standings, a half-game behind Harvard (16-8, 8-2) and a game and a half behind first-place Princeton (20-4, 9-1).
The Bulldogs will face Harvard on Saturday
The Bulldogs finished 10-4 in Ivy League play in 1988-89 and they have finished 8-6 in league competition five times since then, but with one win over the final three games, they will snap that spell.
"We talked about how this is our playoff run right now. If we can think that way as we go through these last three games, who knows what could happen," Coach Gobrecht said. "We have a really tough game Saturday night, so we'll see what happens tomorrow night and then see where we're at."
Yale opened the game with a pair of 3-pointers from Janna Graf and another from Megan Vasquez to take a 9-0 lead. The Bulldogs held the Big Green to no field goals until Megan McFee drained a jumper with 10:45 left in the first half. Dartmouth shot 7-for-26 in the opening half, but only two of those field goals happened in the first 15:50. Prior to Kelsey Byrd's layup at the 4:10 mark, Yale had opened up a 24-9 lead. The Bulldogs would only add to it in the final 3:39, building a 38-20 lead by the halftime buzzer.
All eight of Graf's points came among Yale's first 13 points to spark the early push. Cashen also scored all eight of her points in the first half to help the Bulldogs build a lead that grew to 20 points (38-18) with 24 seconds left in the half before Cassie Cooper's jumper with 4 seconds left accounted for the halftime score.
The Bulldogs opened the second half with a 21-8 run to extend the lead to 49-26, putting the game out of Dartmouth's reach with 15:39 remaining.
Mady Gobrecht and von Kaeppler took over the lead on offense in the second half. Gobrecht scored 11 of her points in the half and von Kaeppler scored nine of her points in the half, all coming in a 4:54 span midway through the second half.
"I thought Ericka von Kaeppler played really well. She's been looking really good in practice so it didn't surprise me," Coach Gobrecht said. "She has really picked up her game these last couple of weeks so I was glad to see her have such a good night."
Yale, which never trailed, outrebounded Dartmouth 49-32. The Bulldogs shot 42.2 percent (27-for-64), including 40.9 percent (9-for-22) from 3-point range. The Big Green, meanwhile, made only 27.8 percent of its shots (15-for-54).
"When you go on the road, you have to think about defense first. You don't always expect to shoot that well, so we were thinking that's where we had to get it done," Coach Gobrecht said. "We really wanted to keep the heat on them because they will play a really slow game if you let them. We just felt it really important to keep the tempo of the game up and we worked really hard defensively to do that."
Faziah Steen scored 12 points to lead Dartmouth. Cooper finished with 10 points and seven rebounds.
Yale remains on the road for a showdown at Harvard on Saturday, which tips off at 6 p.m.
Report filed by Jon Erickson Jr., Yale Sports Publicity


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Outdoor Post Lamps - Why Nobody is Talking About Commercial Lamp Posts And What You Should Do Today
A lot of the moment, plants are the focal point in landscape design. Nonetheless, illumination is likewise essential for appearances and also for its useful advantages. Outside Light Articles are an excellent alternative for exterior lights. Right here are some benefits of using exterior light articles.
1. Performance
Exterior light blog posts could boost your outside rooms capability. With exterior lights, you could utilize your backyard throughout the late night and also the evening. Outside light messages give light to certain locations of the backyard. This is why it is essential to set up greater than one light article in your lawn. Consider the locations that you are mosting likely to be making use of one of the most as well as light these locations up initially, then you need to illuminate the remainder of your lawn making use of smaller sized lights.
2. Look
The major benefit to outside light articles is that they improve your houses as well as yard's look. The light makes your house and also yard noticeable also throughout the evening. When the exterior light blog posts are switched on, the light will certainly make sure locations of the landscape design pop. These lights could likewise provide a feeling of dramatization to the landscape design.
3. Personal Safety and security
Throughout the evening, it can be an obstacle to see landscape design and also various other products in your lawn. This could make it tough to stroll securely from your automobile or walkway to your door. Outside light blog posts could light the way, so you could prevent locating things or harming your landscape design. You ought to have the darkest locations of your backyard and also paths brightened making certain that you could stroll securely around your lawn.
4. Residence Safety
Exterior light messages aid illuminate your residence's outside. Sometimes, bad guys target residences that are not lit up since they are concealed by the darkness. Wrongdoers could not come close to houses that do not have concealing places, so with the majority of locations brightened it is much tougher for them to burglarize a house. You ought to see to it the locations that could be entryway factors, usually doors and windows, are totally brightened. This makes it harder for crooks to barge in without being undetected. When you are choosing outside light blog posts for your landscape design, you should think of where the darkest locations are since this is where wrongdoers might go into from and also where they might quickly harm your house. If you have safety and security electronic cameras, you ought to think of lighting their array as much as ensure that they could capture the criminal on video clip.
Outside light messages can be found in numerous layouts and also designs. They are an integral part of landscape design since you should see the various other parts of your yard as well as landscape design. The most effective kind of exterior light articles for your landscape design will certainly rely on just what you require from your outside lights.
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A BIRTHDAY cake is something every child loves. But financial problems, illness or maybe a parent in hospital mean not all children get to enjoy the simple pleasure of blowing out the candles on their own cake.
But that's where Free Cakes for Kids comes in.
Started in the USA and brought to Oxford by Henriette Lundgren in 2008, Free Cakes for Kids' now has volunteers across the county, who use their love of baking to spread happiness – and plenty of jam and icing – to children in need.
Mrs Lundgren, 33, from St Clement's, Oxford, said: "I read about Free Cakes for Kids groups in America back in 2008 and contacted the organiser in the States who said she was pleased for us to take it into Europe.
"Right away we started linking up with partners who would eventually refer families to us, visiting Citizens' Advice bureaux, foodbanks, charities and community and children's centres, and showing them what we were offering: free birthdays cakes for their children, with no strings attached. We now have Free Cakes for Kids groups in Oxford, Bicester, Wallingford, Abingdon and Banbury. And now the word has spread further – there are groups in more than 40 communities across the UK."
Thanks to Free Cakes for Kids, children who might have missed out on a birthday cake are enjoying fabulous home-made ones, everything from Peppa Pig cakes, to giant Lego bricks.
Mrs Lundgren added: "Everybody likes cake, but birthday cakes are something special. Having an impressive cake made only for yourself makes you feel special and appreciated.
"But there is even more. Many groups have built close ties in their communities and have become integral parts of the social infrastructure."
The success of Free Cakes is solely down to its volunteers, as Mrs Lundgren explained: "Here in Oxfordshire, we are 100 per cent volunteer led, with no paid staff, and the 25 people who bake for us, plus the other five who do admin and marketing, give up their time just because they want to. It's a simple concept, but we believe there are many ways to make a difference and we are spreading a lot of happiness – one cake at a time."
- Alision Townley runs the new West Oxfordshire branch of Free Cakes for Kids and is thrilled to have found an outlet for her love of baking.
She said: "I absolutely love to bake and still make many of the recipes I grew up with in America.
"My four children are eight, 11, 13 and 15 now, and I still love to make them birthday cakes.
"Free Cakes for Kids means I can continue to do this for other children – it's wonderful!"
Mum-of-three, Nicki Turner, 43, works as an administrator at Carterton Children's Centre and has just joined the group.
She said:"I learned to bake from my grandmother and I grew up having fabulous birthday cakes she made, from hedgehogs to princess castles. I still remember the thrill."


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Too often I have taken Thanksgiving for granted as simply a day off from work to gorge myself on turkey, pie and just about anything else that doesn't move. Pilgrims? Have never really given them, their funny costumes and blunderbusses much thought.
But this year, I thought I'd take some time to put the "Thanks" in Thanksgiving — specifically from a journalist's perspective. In no particular order, I thought I'd extend my heartfelt newsroom appreciation to: