text:
This proceeding is available on CD-ROM
- Location:
- Redondo Beach, California
- Coordinators:
- Harold Price, NK6K
Walter A. Linstruth, WA6JPR
Paul L. Rinaldo, W4RI
- Hosted by:
Southern California Digital Communications Council
6th Computer Networking Conference
August 19, 1987
- Estelle: A Formal Description Technique for Communication Protocols
by Michel Barbeau, VE2BPM
- Introduction: Estelle is a FDT developed by ISO (International Standard Organization). It is based on an Extended Finite State Machine model (EFSM). A finite state machine is a simple abstract device which has states and transitions labelled by input and output symbols. A state transition table is one of the possible ways to represellt textually a FSM. FSM's are frequently used to model the control flow of systems. Communication software, such as data link protocols, have usually a compliment that can be represented by FSM's. As an example see the state transition tables of the AX.25 link-layer protocol in appendix D. Protocols have also data flow aspects involving interaction parameters, different kinds of variables and data operations. The data flow aspects are hard to represent using only FSM's. Estelle extend the idea of FSM in a sense that variables, actions and predicates, operating on those variables, are added to this basic model. The syntax of Estelle has been defined from the syntax of the programming language Pascal. New elements have been added in order to make easier the definition of aspects particular to comnlunication protocols. In Estelle can be expressed both the control flow aspect, using FSM's, and the data flou aspect, using Pascal's elements, of a comlllunication protocol. Protocol specifications written in the formal language Estelle are said formal with respect to informal specifications written in a natural language such as English.
- OSI: A Plan Comes Together
by J. Gordon Beattie, Jr., N2DSY, Thomas A. Moulton, W2VY
- Abstract: This paper will provlde an overvlew of the current state of services avilable on the Amateur Packet Radio and then offer solutions to the problems and limitations found. This will include an outline of a communications architecture for distributed computer systems using the Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI-RM). We will also provlde a description of systems required to support the data transport and application needs of the Amateur Packet Network user. These OSI-based systems have been designed to inter-operate with each other and with other systems not part of the Amateur Packet Network. This architecturally consistent approach addresses the operatlonal Objectives of Services, Managibility, and Performance. It has the further advantage of world-wide acceptance.
- A High Performance Packet Switch
by Mike Brock, WB6HHV, Franklin Antonio, N6NKF, Tom Lafluer, KA6IQA
- Abstract: This paper describes the PS-186TM, a high-speed multiport packet switch designed to support data rates up to 1 Mbit/second. It can also be used as a local packet node, mail system, or a gateway to other networks. It operates on 2.1 Watts of power. The PS-186 was designed by members of the San Diego Packet Radio Association (SANDPAC).
- The KISS TNC: A Simple Host-to-TNC Communications Protocol
by Mike Chepponis, K3MC, Phil Karn, KA9Q
- Abstract: The KISS TNC provides direct computer to TNC communication using a simple protocol described here. Many TNCs now implement it, including the TAPR TNC-1 and TNC-2 (and their clones), the venerable VADCG TNC, the AEA PK-232/PK-87 and all TNCs in the Kantronics line. KISS has quickly become the protocol of choice for TCP/IP operation and multi-connect BBS software.
- Digital Signaling Processing and Amateur Radio
by Dr. Thomas A. Clark, W3IWI, Dr. Robert W. McGwier, N4HY
- Introduction:
Tom calls the necessary ingredient magic, and Paul
Rinaldo, W4RI, calls the necessary ingredient an incubator[1][2]. Whatever you choose to call it, we have lacked the necessary ingredient in ham radio to broadly apply the collection of techniques known as digital signal processing (DSP). The magic in the amateur satellite service has been provided by AMSAT[3]. In the digital communications modes, the incubator was supplied by TAPR[4].
AMSAT and TAPR have joined to support an incubator project to achieve the broad use of DSP in amateur radio.
- DSP is a field which has its roots in the mathematics of Newton, Gauss, and Fourier. These people lived hundreds of years ago. Why are we stessing these ancient techniques? Primarily because a much newer technological revolution has taken place which allows us to apply DSP techniques in increasingly complex combinations. Of course, we are talking about computers in general and microprocessors in particular. Until the very recent past, even microprocessor elements were primarily used in proprietary special purpose devices with specific tasks in mind. For example, there are DSP chip sets manufactured by several companies that are totally dedicated to being Bel-212 modems for phone line use. (...)
- A Duplex Packet Radio Repeater Approach to Layer One Efficiency
by Robert Finch, N6CXB, Scott Avent, N6BGW
- Purpose: In January, 1984, South Coast Radio Relay, a Southern California Amateur Radio group specif ically chartered to experiment in state of the art message handling techniques, modified its two meter duplex voice repeater in Glendale, California, for full time digital communications. This operation has remained on the air since that time, under both the original callsign; N6TD/R and the since adopted call; N6GPP/R. This operation has undergone some specif ic changes in the past several years, but the basic user interface has essentially remained the same. This paper will examine the basic operational characteristics employed at the repeater site, specific to the repeater itself, and will aid the reader in duplicating the methods used to achieve the promise inherent in local area duplex packet operation.
- Packet Radio Developments over the Last Year
by Terry Fox, WB4JFI
- Abstract: Over the last year AMRAD has been continuing it's work on the deveiopment of packet switc hardware and software. Our progress has been slower than we had hoped, due to our interests in other projects, such as spread spectrum. The hardware portion of our packet switch has made better progress than the software. Over the next vear we hope to make more progress in software development. What follows is a brief description of what I think have been some significant advances over the last year, along with some of my current thinking in packet network development.
- Thoughts on the Issues of Address Resolution and Routing in
Amateur Packet Radio TCP/IP Networks
by Bdale Garbee, N3EUA
- Abstract: The current KA9Q software includes a technique for automatic address resolution, but does not include automatic routing features. The difference between routing and address resolution is explained, and several concerns for on-air automatic routing algo- rithm implementations are mentioned.
- The Design of a Mail System for the KA9Q Internet Protocol
by Bdale Garbee, N3EUA, Gerard van der Grinten, PA0GRI
- Abstract: The current implementation of the mail manipulation system that has been built by N3EUA and PA0GRl for the KA9Q Internet Protocol Package is described briefly. A proposal for the next generation of network mail handling for the KA9Q Internet environment is described. An important change in the way we can and should think about electronic mail in the amateur packet radio world is discussed.
- A Bit Error Rate Tester for Testing Digital Links
by Steve Goode, K9NG
- Abstract: With the availability of several link-level protocols such as TEXNET and NETROM, many packet groups are installing inter-city digital links. As AEh and GLB begin shipping their digital radios and the 56 kbps radio demonstrated at the Dayton Hamfest becomes available, more Amateurs will require a method of testing the performance of these digital radios. This paper presents a test circuit which can be used during initial installation of a digital link to enable the installers to fine tune the radio on site. This circuit temporarily replaces the TNC or control computer and allows the installers to listen to the data link to determine how well it is performing. It can also be used for bench testing digital radios and modems.
- A 56 Kilobaud RF Modem
by Dale A. Heatherington, WA4DSY
- Abstract: This paper describes a 56 kilobaud synchronous RF modem with a 70 kHz bandwidth. The modulation is bandwidth limited MSK generated by a digital state machine driving two digital-to-analog converters, and two double balanced modulators. The carrier phase is shifted plus or minus 90 degrees for each bit. Demodulation is accomplished with a standard quadrature detector chip but various coherent methods can be used for operation at lower signal to noise ratios. The design is relatively simple and easily reproduced.
- Reusable IP Addresses in a Dynamic Network
by Robert B. Hoffman, N3CVL
- Abstract: The topology of amateur packet radio networks changes rapidly due to the frequent addition of new stations, shutting down of old stations, and changing location of others. This paper presents a method for managing IP address assignments within such a network.
- Software Design Issues for the PS-186 Advanced Packet Network
by Brian Kantor, WB6CYT
- Abstract: A fast network for amateur radio requires sophisticated node controllers to work well. Key to the performance of advanced node controller hardware is the design of the on-board software. Issues of highly-efficient device drivers, protocol encapsulation, and process management must be addressed to ensure acceptable pefformance with limited memory and affordable hardware. PS-186 hardware design issues are discussed in a companion paper by Michael Brock, Franklin Antonio, and Tom LaFleur.
- Another Look at Authentication
by Phil Karn, KA9Q
- Abstract: A simple and effective technique for packet authentication in a datagram network is described that is based on the Data Encryption Standard (DES). In accordance with FCC rules, the actual data is not encrypted; rather DES is used to compute a special "cipher checksum" that is appended to the unencrypted user data before transmission. The recipient recomputes the cipher checksum and compares it against the incoming value, thereby detecting bogus or altered packets. This technique is potentially useful in a wide variety of amateur radio applications in addition to packet radio; for example, it could provide a secure control link for a remote repeater site.
- A High Performance, Collision-Free Packet Radio Network
by Phil Karn, KA9Q
- Abstract: For the past several years, those discussing "level 3 networking" have made much of the performance gains to be had through hop-by-hop acknowledgements. In this paper I will show that, while sometimes helpful, hop-by-hop ACKing is not the panacea it is generally perceived to be. Only fundamental changes in the way we allocate and use frequencies will really fix the problem.
- The KA9Q Internet (TCP/IP) Package: A Progress Report
by Phil Karn, KA9Q
- Abstract: For over two years, the author has led the development of C-language software implementing the ARPA Internet protocol suite (commonly called "TCP/IP"). Intended for amateur radio use, the software was originally written on and for the IBM PC and its clones running MS-DOS. However, the use of a de-facto industry standard protocol set has resulted in considerable interest in and contributions to the effort by non-amateurs as well. The software has been "ported" to several different computers and is enjoying increasing use in both conventional Local Area Network (LAN) environments as well as amateur packet radio. This paper describes the considerable progress this effort has made, and reflects on the choice of TCP/IP now that significant on-air experience has been gained.
- Approach for Digital Transmission of Pictures
by Thomas Kieselbach, DL2MDE
- Abstract: "A picture 15 worth a 1000 words" is a saying confirmed daily. It should be remembered that transmission of picture signals began in the early days of radio. The individual techniques were adapted to the specific needs at the time, thereby resulting in diverse systems each being optimized in accordance with the requirements and the method of transmission used.
- RUDAK - The Packet Radio Experiment On-Board OSCAR P3C
by Hans peter Kuhlen, DKlYQ
- Abstract: Nearly two years ago, AMSAT-DL initially published the outcome of its first RUDAK system design meeting at the 4th ARRL Conference in San Francisco [1]. At this time we wish to present the current status of the flight ready hardware and the completed and tested ground station equipment. This paper will briefly present the objectives of the RUDAK experiment and the performance achieved by the RUDAK transponder on-board OSCAR Phase 3 C. It will also include a description of a recommended user terminal which can be utilized for all satellite operating modes via OSCAR Phase 3 C, FUJI OSCAR 12, as well as for terrestrial packet radio.
- Improving Shared Channel Access Techniques for Amateur Packet
by Brian Lloyd, WB6RQN
- Abstract: Amateur Packet Radio has come of age. There are now many packet radio users in the Amateur community, well over 20,000 at this point. In the "olden days" when there were few users on a channel at any one time the need for effective channel access techniques was much less than it is now. The problems all result in the same symptoms: poor throughput and lost connections.
- The Noise Performance of Several Data Demodulators
by Hugo Lorente, LU4DXT
- Abstract: This paper shows the noise performance of several data demodulators currently being used in pac~et radio. The bit error rate (BER) in presence of white Gaussian noise was measured on the followlng demodulators: 1) JAS-l PSg demodulator 2) Discriminator 3) AMD 7910 modem 4) Differential detector 5) G3RUH PSK demodulator 6) EXAR 2211 demodulator. The noise performance of this demodulators is graphically presented here and a brief description of the test gear used in these measurements is given in appendixes A and B.
- Overview of the TEXNET datagram protocol
by T.C. McDermott, N5EG
- Abstract: This article is an overview of the TEXNET datagram network protocol. It is not intended as a specification. It deals i with the protocol within the network (intra-network). It does not deal with layer 3 protocol issues between the user and the network (inter-network).
- CSMA Multihop Networks: Throughput Analysis by Dr. Bob W. McGwier, N4HY
- Abstract: Amateur Radio uses packet radio in a broadcast mode and typically uses omnidirectional antennas for transmission. If the two ends of the data transfer are not within communication range, we will use a digipeater. The protocol we use for medium access control is carrier sensed multiple access (CSMA) protocol. Under CSMA, a terminal will not transmit if it hears a transmission in its neighborhood. In a multihop environment (digipeater) such as ours, CSMA is subject to "hidden transmitter" interference. This is w hen two or more transmitters outside hearing range of each other key up at the same time and interfere with one or more recipients of the two or more packets being simultaneously transmitted. We call this a collision. We could almost completely eliminate this problem with busy tone multiple access (BTMA) protocol. The "almost completely" in the previous sentence is caused by the finite speed of light and the response time of the receiver bringing up the busy tone. BTMA has implicit in its nature seperate transmit and receive operation. Several papers have appeared analyzing throughput in CSMA packet radio networks. The best papers and the most useful (not always the same) are by Boorstyn and Kershenbaum and we include one of their papers as our only reference as it contains the most complete set of references and is the basis for the work described here. They have introduced a continuous time Markov Chain model which lends itself to numerical techniques for finding the steady state response of moderate sized (100-200 nodes) networks. This type of model allows for dependencies between non-adjacent nodes to be modeled and analyzed. The primary purpose of this paper is to introduce these ideas to the amateur radio literature, to supply some rigor to Clark's "But Wait There's More" treatise, and hopefully give one more nudge to do something about the problem.
- DSP Modems: It's Only Software
by Dr. Robert W. McGwier, N4HY
- Abstract: Are you as tired of buying new modems as I am ? There is an alternative and I think a superior one in several regards. From the title, and the joint paper with Tom W3IWI, it should be obvious that we are talking about doing modems on DSP engines. Using a single chip processor as the basic building block, a low cost, high speed modem can be programmed to operate through unconditioned radios. If you want a different modem ten minutes later, you just change the software driving the chip. The primary advantages stated more explicitly are (1) a single piece of hardware can make and demodulate the phase or frequency modulated synchronous signal of your choice, and (2) the software can do very effective adaptive equalization to ameliorate the bad things the radio (filtering) is doing to your data signal.
- HF Packet: Where do we go from here?
by Barry D. McLarnon, VE3JF
- Introduction: Packet radio on the HF bands is alive and well, and is steadily gaining in popularity. The HF links which have been established between widespread packet bulletin board systems have become a workhorse in moving error-free traffic beyond the limits of the VHF/UHF packet networks. These links will, of course, never be capable of handling huge volumes of traffic, like megabyte files: the bandwidth simply isn't sufficient. Satellites and expanded UHF/microwave links must be developed to meet these requirements; but it is probably safe to say that HF will always have a role to play in amateur data communications, both as a back-up to these higher-capacity (but more vulnerable to failure) systems, and for extending the network into remote areas where setting up a satellite station may not be feasible.
- FINDER--The Family Information Database for Emergency Responses
by W.E. Moerner, WN6I, Sharon Moerner, N6MWD, David Palmer, N6KL
- Abstract: FINDER is a new packet radio database application utilizing multiple connect and a specific syntax to allow emergency response personnel to ascertain the status of their family members during a disaster. This paper describes the history, scope, operation, and design philosophy of the FINDER system.
- Dial "0"; for Operator: Message Routing in the Amateur Packet Network
by Thomas A. Moulton, W2VY
- Abstract: Over the past several years a variety of message routing systems have been used. The tendency has been to not step back from the problems and address fundamental lssues. This pager will attempt to achieve that elusive goal and outline a routing system which will allow the Amateur community to operate with efficiency and ease.
- Packet Radio and IP for the Unix Operating System
by Clifford Neuman, NlDMM
- Abstract: Many services are currently available on the ARPA Internet that would be of interest to amateur packet radio users. The ARPA Internet connects universities and other organizations around the world that speak TCP/IP. One advantage of running TCP/IP on packet radio is the ability to access these services, and to interconnect with other systems that are part of the internet This paper describes the implementation of AX.25 as a link layer protocol for the Unix operating system and the use of this system as an IP gateway between our local amateur packet radio network and our department's ethernet at the University of Washington, which in turn provides access to the entire Internet The potential role of such a system for amateur packet radio is discussed, and a mechanism to allow users that don't have the resources to run TCP/IP themselves to access such services is described.
- Pacgram Messaging Protocol for Packet Networks
by Jay Nugent, WB8TKL
- Abstract: In the 5th Computer Networking Conference papers David Cheek, WA5MWD, included in his submission an attatchment containing the Pacgram Protocol Definition. In this paper you will find the latest revision of that Pacgram Protocol Definition with a synopsis of Pacgram's creation, where it is at now, and where I hope it will go in the amateur packet radio community.
- Performance Monitoring or I Wanna Fix it, Is it Broke?
by Skip Hansen, WB6YMH, Harold Price, NK6K
- Abstract: Much of the performance information on Amateur Packet Radio is anecdotal and ephemeral; a subjective and non-detailed account usually limited to a gross statement of "goodness" or "badness", which is neither well documented nor long remembered. While there are several papers which describe the expected performance of CSMA-type systems, there is little actual data about the live amateur packet system. The authors discuss the need for accumulating performance data and describe work in progress to supply performance measurement software using a C program and a TNC with KISS software.
- ASC X12.A-1985: Draft Proposed American National Standard for
Electronic Business Data Interchange Amateur Radio Message Transaction
by Jack Sanders, NC4E
- Abstract: This standard contains the format and data content of the Amateur Radio Message Transaction Set for use within an Electronic Business Data Interchange (EBDI) environment. The ASC X12 family of Electronic Business Data Interchange standards are based on interdependency. Several of the ASC X12 standards define the data elements, data segments, control structures and acknowledgments that relate to transaction set standards. Availability of the following standards is required in order to interpret, understand, and use the ASC X12 family of standards.
- Design Abstractions for Protocol Software
by Paul Taylor, VK3BLY
- Abstract: As amateur packet radio software becomes more complicated and software development environments improve, the use of high-level languages will become more favourable. A design approach for protocol software based on modules and Finite State Machines is described, which formalises the interface to IO devices, and extends the use of the protocol's State Machine model into the implementation stage. Its adoption should make implementations of Level 2 and 3 protocols quicker, easier, and more understandable.


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Both of the men accused of hacking the soldier to death had been monitored by the security services for years, and one of them was allegedly approached with a view to acting as an informant.
Details of Mr Cameron's visit to MI5's headquarters after Drummer Rigby's murder emerged as the Prime Minister flew to Ibiza in Spain over the weekend for a holiday with his family.
Downing Street said he "remains in charge" of Britain as he was pictured relaxing in a cafe by the sea with his wife, Samantha.
A spokesman said has taken a small team of key staff with him so he can be kept informed about the investigation into the murder of Drummer Rigby.
Mr Cameron's visit to MI5's headquarters and decision to go on holiday led to questions about his judgement in the aftermath of the worst terrorist atrocity on British soil since 7/7.
In other developments:
* The family of Drummer Rigby visited the scene of his murder in Woolwich, where both his mother and sister were so overwhelmed by grief that they collapsed on the roadside.
* Theresa May, the Home Secretary, said the attack was not the work of a "lone wolf" as four other men were arrested by police over the weekend in connection with the murder.
* Hate clerics could be barred from appearing on broadcasters such as the BBC under government plans to expand the powers of Ofcom, the watchdog.
* Lord Howard, the former Conservative Home Secretary, suggested Labour and the Tories join forces to push through a "snoopers' charter" against the wishes of the Liberal Democrats.
* Kenyan officials said they arrested one of the suspected killers two years ago with a group of alleged terrorists but British authorities had failed take the matter seriously.
On Thursday Mr Cameron announced that the Intelligence and Security Committee would carry out an independent investigation into what the intelligence services knew about the alleged killers.
After visiting the scene of the murder in Woolwich, he then paid a trip to security services headquarters on Millbank. He thanked staff for the work their work on the investigation and other counter-terrorism successes.
However, a senior Westminster source suggested that it was a mistake to go there so soon after the tragedy and amid concerns about potential intelligence failings.
Michael Adebolajo, 28, had been known to the security services and police for a decade and was arrested six years after violent protests by extremists outside the Old Bailey six years ago.
In November 2010 he was arrested in Kenya after being caught trying to travel to Somalia, allegedly to join the terrorist network Al-Shabaab.
Kenyan authorities say they returned him to British intelligence officers, who failed to take their concerns seriously. The second suspected killer, Michael Adebowale, 22, was also known to police and the intelligence services.
One senior Westminster source suggested the visit was a mistake. He said: "I just wonder what he was going to thank them for. While they [the Security Services] did tremendously well during the Olympics 10 months ago a number of pieces of information have come to light since then. The interesting question is how much David Cameron knew about the potential intelligence failings when he went to see them."
A source said Mr Cameron's did not "exonerate" the intelligence agencies during his visit to their headquarters.
The source said: "He wanted to thank them for the work they had done both on that particular operation - there had been a lot of people working around the clock - but also more generally.
"The work that they do is obviously highly secretive but the Prime Minister is one of the few people who gets to see the effects of that work.
"The idea that he was either blaming the security services or exonerating them when an investigation into what happened actually hasn't taken place isn't right."
Mr Cameron today travelled to Ibiza, where he is spending a week long holiday in a privately rented villa with his family.
A Downing Street source said: "He is on a week holiday with his kids. He has some office support with him to remain full update in terms of what's going on at home.
"The primary focus now is the investigation which is going on, which is being led by police and security services not by the governments.
"There was a Cobra on Thursday but there aren't any more scheduled in. He remains in charge of the country."
John Mann, a Labour MP, said: "People expect him to be at his desk leading from the front. It is inappropriate that he is away, it suggests that he thinks he can run the country from a beach in Spain.
"Does anyone think Margaret Thatcher or Tony Blair would disappear at a time like this?"
Nick Clegg, the Deputy Prime Minister, will take a holiday next weekend while Ed Miliband, the Labour leader, has opted for a holiday in Britain over the Bank Holiday.


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text: Mullaghbeg 509m mountain, Dunkerron Mountains Ireland at MountainViews.ie Guestuser: Login or enrol? Home Main Display Find a Walk Display INTRODUCTION New New Contributions Newsletters Challenge Walks News Tracks, Walks Upload a track Find a Walk SECONDARY OPTIONS: View all tracks secondary method View your tracks secondary method Challenge Challenge Walks Calendar Challenge Walks News Community Rising Summiteers Summiteers Hall of Records Irish Munroists Recent Contributors Contributors Hall of Fame Credits Lists, Completion & Awards Community Constitution Lists & Logs Irish County Highpoints Local 100 Irish Highest 100 Vandeleur-Lynams Arderins Arderin Begs Arderins + Arderin Begs Irish Best rated Irish 900 up Irish Island Munros All Twenty-Four Lists & Personal Log Log Analysis My Contributions & Profile Listing Programs Simple Irish Listings Simple Irish & British Listings More Guidelines Using the Service Comments Photos Statistics Conditions of Use Resources Links Motley Views General Forum Suggestions Forum Bibliography Welcome to MountainViews If you want to use the website often please enrol (quick and free) at top right. Overview Detail Legend Zoom: ?? Overlay features legend For more map options click on any overview map area or any detail map feature. Detail Map Features Showing 7 items: Eagles Hill 549m, Mullaghbeg 509m, Cahernageeha Mountain 499m, Beenrour 418m, Tracks: 3878, 22km 3288, 14km 2834, 13km Find Suggested WalksOpen walks finder Find hill, mountain, island, coastal feature. Videos (none available) Recent Contributions 1 2 3 .. 20 Next page >> Get Notifications Cadamstown to Kinnitty - Slieve Blooms Track 4126 jgfitz a day ago We commenced the hike along the way-marked Silver River eco-walk. The well-illustrated information boards along the gorg walk, Len: 13.3km, Climb: 341m, Area: Slieve Bloom (Ireland) The Heights of Malta Track 4137 madfrankie a week ago When you're considering hiking trips abroad, Malta is not likely to be high on anyone's list. It's small and the human f walk, Len: 8.4km, Climb: 40m, Area: Malta, Dingli () Beast of Bencorrbeg tackled from the south. Track 4130 simon3 a week ago As many others have said Bencorrbeg is a serious scrambling challenge. This track was an attempt to reach it from the ... walk, Len: 14.0km, Climb: 669m, Area: Bencorrbeg, Twelve Bens (Ireland) Benco Binn Charrach: NE finger from the Twelve Bens offers a way in. Summit Summary Collaborative entry Last edit by: simon3 4 days ago Knockpasheemore (Binn Charrach) is a small summit at the end of a 2km ridge heading NE from the lower scree slopes of Benbaun, and makes a worthwhile climb either in its own right, or as a diversi... Bencorrbeg: Shapely outlier, serious scrambling. Summit Summary Collaborative entry Last edit by: simon3 4 days ago Bencorbeg dominates views from the mouth of the Gleninagh Valley. Although only 577m, the full extent of this height is seen when the mountain is viewed from north or east, as the mountain plunges... Inis Leacan: Island south of Roundstone. Island Comment simon3 a week ago Inishlacken is a small island south of Roundstone. Here it is viewed from Inishnee. Wicklow: Glenmalure to Glendalough Track 4136 Onzy a week ago Glenmalure to Glendalough viw Wicklow Way & the Spinc... walk, Len: 11.3km, Climb: 540m, Area: Dublin/Wicklow (Ireland) Oileán an Chlaí: Island in Bertraghboy Bay Island Comment simon3 a week ago Oghly Island is around 250m from the driveable Inishnee island. Benbulbin: donieg on the summit, 2008 Summit Comment donieg 3 days ago Thursday 29.05.2008 a beautifull sunny day I decided to take on the three peaks challenge of Benbulbin followed by Benwiskin and finally Slievemore. I found 'eflanaga' comment of 15.03.06 helpfull... Lettershinna Hill: Grass top, distant heights. Summit Comment simon3 a week ago As paddyhillsbagger found, the Bens form a backdrop to the top of Lettershinna. This picture was taken during a generally mist covered period one May day. More Mount Brandon Forum: General tomlug48 4 days ago On the way to the summit Waterfalls Galore Track 4135 march-fixer a week ago There are two major waterfalls in Jamaica. Dunn's River Falls and Reach Falls. Reach Falls is by far the most beautiful walk, Len: 6.2km, Climb: 109m, Area: Jamaica, Portland () Most Recent Monthly Newsletter. Conditions and Info Use of MountainViews is governed by conditions. General information about the site is here. Opinions in material here are not necessarily endorsed by MountainViews. Hillwalking is a risk sport. Information in comments, walks or shared GPS tracks may not be accurate for example as regards safety or access permission. You are responsible for your safety and your permission to walk see conditions. Credits and list definitions are listed here Credits RSS Feed for Recent Items. Visit our Facebook page. Video display Dunkerron Mountains Area More detail Place count in area: 65, OSI/LPS Maps: 78, 83, 84, 85 Highest place: Stumpa Dúloigh, 784m Maximum height for area: 784 metres, Maximum prominence for area: 528 metres, Places in area Dunkerron Mountains:An Bheann Mhór 308mAn Bheann Mhór 674.7mAn Bhinn Láir 514mAn Cnoc Riabhach 534mAn Corrán 667mBascadh 595mBascadh West Top 569mBeann 752mBeann Far SW Top 636.2mBeann na Stiocairí 673.1mBeann NE Top 692mBeann South Top 639mBeann SW Top 657mBeenarourke 304mBeenrour 418mBoughil 631mBroaghnabinnia 745mCahernageeha Mountain 499mCaora Bhán 570mCnoc Breasail 591mCnoc na gCapall 639mCoomcallee 648.9mCoomduff 244mCoomnacronia 636mCoomnahorna 590mCoomura Mountain 666mCrossderry 489mDeenish Island (2) 144mDereenavurrig Hill 261mDoire Gharb 382mEagle Hill 155mEagles Hill 549mEsknaloughoge 416mEsknaloughoge N Top 420mFarraniaragh Mountain 468mGlanbeg 485.8mGortamullin 205mKnockanamadane 270mKnockanaskill 356mKnockaunanattin 569mKnockaunanattin W Top 467mKnocklomena 641mKnockmoyle 684mKnocknabreeda 569mKnocknacusha 547mKnocknafreaghane 313mKnocknagantee 676mKnocknagantee West Top 553mKnocknagullion 413mKnocknasullig 117mLetter South 362mMothaillín 506mMullaghanattin 773mMullaghanattin East Top 594mMullaghbeg 509mReenearagh 162mSallagh South-West Top 543mScarriff Island 252mSlievenashaska 578mSlievenashaska South Top 566mStaigue N E Top 435mStaigue Top 459mStumpa Dúloigh 784mStumpa Dúloigh SE Top 780mStumpa Dúloigh SW Top 663m Note: this list of places includes island features such as summits, but not islands as such. Centre on map. Mullaghbeg Mountain Mullach Bog A name in Irish (Ir. Mullach Bog [TH], 'soft summit') Kerry County, in Arderin List, Green sandstone & siltstone Bedrock Height: 509m OS 1:50k Mapsheet: 83&84 Grid Reference: V55922 63631 Place visited by 40 members. Recently by: FrankMc1964, eoghancarton, ilenia, shaunkelly, melohara, Lauranna, osullivanm, simon3, Eirepur, IainT, CaptainVertigo, Cobhclimber, Wilderness, Aritz, chalky I have visited this place: NO (You need to be a logged-in member to change this.) More detail Longitude: -10.089651, Latitude: 51.80693 , Easting: 55922, Northing: 63631 Prominence: 64m, Isolation: 1.4km ITM: 455903 563695, GPS IDs, 6 char: Mlghbg, 10 char: MullaghbegBedrock type: Green sandstone & siltstone, (St. Finans Sandstone Formation) This hill is in the delightfully named townland of Inchfarrannagleragh Glebe. Mullaghbeg is the 539th highest place in Ireland. Trackback: https://mountainviews.ie/summit/435/ Rate Gallery COMMENTS for Mullaghbeg 1 of 1 Follow this place's comments Picture from colin murphy : Flowery web Picture: Flowery web colin murphy on Mullaghbeg, 2009 by colin murphy 18 Sep 2009 I did Mullaghbeg in conjunction with Eagles Hill starting at Coad (see Eagle's Hill for route). In driving rain there wasn't much to see and the 3km walk from Eagles Hill was a real slog through endless peat hags. The summit, like its nearby neighbour is an unremarkable peat mound. I'm sure the views are spectacular if I could have seen more than 10 metres. To complete my circular route I headed SW from the summit until I intersected a faint track (indicated on map) at V565625 A, which skirts back around under Eagles Hill and returns one to within a few hundred metres of the Kerry Way. By way of compensation I did snap this cobweb woven across furze and heather, sparkling with the recent rain drops. Trackback: https://mountainviews.ie/summit/435/comment/4027/ Your Score: Very useful << >>Average Picture from eric : Mullaghbeg Picture: Mullaghbeg eric on Mullaghbeg, 2006 by eric 11 Jan 2006 Mullaghbeg as seen from Eagles Hill with Lough Coomrooanig at its base. To get to Mullaghbeg via Eagles Hill, take the Kerry Way from Caherdaniel towards Sneem till you come to a fork in the path (V571605 B). Take the sign posted left route for Waterville thats winds its way up the side of Coad Mountain & Eagles Hill. The path eventually reaches the Windy Gap and from here it is a steep ascent to the top of Eagles Hill. On a clear day Mullaghbeg with Coomrooanig Lough at its base will be clearly visible from Eagle Hill. On the top of Mullaghbeg there are great views of Ballinskelligs Bay, Lough Currane, Isknagahiny Lough and Coomcallee. On your way from Eagles Hill to Mullaghbeg you may come across a bog road. This bog road can then be used for your return to Caherdaniel. Join the bog road below the top of Mullaghbeg at (V562631 C). On finding the bog road follow it down to a T-junction. At the T-junction go left and follow the track as it zizzags down the coom until eventually you reach a gate out onto a tarred road. Continue straight to a Y- junction taking the road to the left and walk the last mile or so back to Caherdaniel village. Trackback: https://mountainviews.ie/summit/435/comment/2137/ Your Score: Very useful << >>Average Picture from ciarraioch : Beenrour, Lough Currane, Waterville and Ceann Bhólais from Mullaghbeg Picture: Beenrour, Lough Currane, Waterville and Ceann Bhólais from Mullaghbeg Fine Viewing Point for Lough Currane, Ballinskelligs Bay and Western Iveragh by ciarraioch 8 Nov 2011 Followed the route outlined by hillwalking legends Seán O Suilleabháin (Irish Walk Guides Southwest 1991 Edition) and David Herman (Hill Walkers Kerry 1997) in their aforementioned books. We parked in Caherdaniel by the recycling collection point at V551 595 D and followed the Kerry way to the Windy Gap at V586 632 E and from there via the summit of Eagles Hill V 582 632 F (see separate entry). We travelled across the bog to point 473m at V 567 629 G, keeping close to the cliff edge to admire the views over Coomroanig Loch to Coomcallee. From there we travelled to Herman's 'lovely eyrie', the spur at V 565 637 H to take in the view over Isknagahiny Lough and upper Lough Currane. We followed the edge to the summit of Mullaghbeg at V558 637 I. Great views down to Waterville, across Iveragh to the Blaskets and out to the Skelligs. We clambered directly down the slope (gradually becoming steeper but thankfully less boggy) to the unsurfaced road at V561 620 J (Point D) which brought us back to our car. Overall trip 5 hour and 5 minutes including breaks. Trackback: https://mountainviews.ie/summit/435/comment/6620/ Your Score: Very useful << >>Average Mullahbeg from Caherdaniel by ahogan 11 Jun 2014 Starting from the crossroads in Caherdaniel (V 5510 5950 D), take the narrow tarmac road which leads northeast from the village, keeping right at the junction at 'Coom Cottage'. The road is pretty much flat for the first mile before starting to rise gently. After 1.5 miles, the tarmac road turns sharply back left, however you should continue straight ahead on the stone track. This track leads gently up the the head of the valley before switching back a number of times to zig-zag up the slope. When the slope flattens out again, you have reached the saddle between Cahernageeha and Mullaghbeg. Here the track branches off (V 5550 6230 K K) to the right for Mullaghbeg and continues on to the left for Cahernageeha.For Cahernageeha, the track to the left continues for 0.5 miles, at which point you can follow the fence line for another 0.5 miles of grassy boggy open mountain to the summit. The summit is marked by a trig pillar which is listing badly, presumably due to its boggy foundations. I can't vouch for the view from the summit as the mist had rolled in by the time I got there, but the views of Derrynane and Lamb's Head from the saddle below were impressive. I retraced my steps to the fork in the track (V 5550 6230 K K) and headed this time for Mullaghbeg. Again, it's approx. 0.5 miles before the track ends. Turn left onto open mountain at the end of the track and it's about 0.5 miles to the unmarked summit. Good views to be had here down to Lough Currane and Waterville directly below and further afield to the other peninsulas. If you plan to visit both summits, you should expect to cover a distance of 11.5 miles. However, to visit either summit on its own would involve a. 9.5 mile round trip. It might be tempting to shorten the walk by parking somewhere on the tarmac road that leads into the valley from the village, but there are no parking spots where you would not be at risk of obstructing a local resident or farmer. It's probably just best to park in Caherdaniel. Trackback: https://mountainviews.ie/summit/435/comment/16105/ Your Score: Very useful << >>Average (End of comment section for Mullaghbeg.) Some mapping: Open Street Map (Various variations used.) British summit data courtesy: Database of British & Irish Hills (Creative Commons Licence) MountainViews.ie, a Hill-walking Website for the island of Ireland. 11 Million Visitors Per Year. 1300 Contributors.


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Two new studies have shown a link between how tired baseball and football players feel, and how well their careers go. Both studies are being presented at the SLEEP 2012 conference by W. Christopher Winter, MD.
Top image: SoxyLady/Flickr.
The first of the studies involved tracking college football players who'd been drafted into the NFL. Of the 55 players for whom Winter had self-reported sleepiness information, only 38% of the sleepier ones stayed with the team that had drafted them, compared to 56% of those who reported less daytime sleepiness.
For the baseball players, Winter randomly selected 40 professional players, and two years after collecting their sleepiness information, he tracked what they were up to. MLB generally has an attrition rate of around 35% — but for those who were more sleepy during the day, it ranged from 57%-86%.
Now, both of these studies are comparatively small, but it really shouldn't be too surprising that athletes who are more tired and less alert might have trouble in their chosen fields. Now, how long will it be before we're required to undertake alertness tests before getting hired for a new job?


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Finally, A Dog's Breakfast will air on U.S. Television
Written By: Susan Thixton1-31-2011Categorized in: Pet Food NewsCNBC will air the pet food documentary "Pet Food: A Dog's Breakfast" on Thursday, February 10th at 10 PM. Not exactly prime time, and three years after the documentary was first aired in Canada...but at least it finally is airing on U.S. television.
Mark your calendar for Thursday February 10th. CNBC will finally air the pet food documentary Pet Food: A Dog's Breakfast at 10 P.M.
The film aired on Canadian television in 2008. At the time, I had numerous conversations (phone and email) with Yap Films, producers of A Dog's Breakfast. I was told they were trying to pitch the film to U.S. television, with little interest. They even tried public television; no luck.
Speculations of U.S. television being 'influenced' by U.S. corporations have been pondered for years. History of the tobacco industry includes rumor that powerful Big Tobacco pressured U.S. media to NOT air the emerging medical risks of smoking in the 1960's. When journalist Van Smith of the Baltimore City Paper bravely published the article "What's Cookin'? Ever Wonder What Happens to Dead Animals? A Look at Baltimore's Only Remaining Rendering Plant Explains", exposing the truth about the rendering industry, the aftermath of the article included contact from ABC Television's 20/20. In a follow up story Smith wrote "20/20, the ABC newsmagazine, chewed up hours of my time trying to arrange a lengthy exposé of the pets-in-pet-food phenomenon, then quietly abandoned the effort."
(Please Note: Warning - the Van Smith Baltimore City Paper article What's Cookin'? linked above is graphic; including pictures of barrels of dead dogs and cats.)
Regardless as to why this pet food documentary has been delayed for three years in the U.S., it is finally here. Thursday February 10th at 10 PM and 1 AM on CNBC.
For more information, visit http://www.newsonnews.net/cnbc/7208-cnb ... iness.html
Wishing you and your pet the best,
Susan Thixton
Truth about Pet Food
Petsumer Report


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New mom Hilary Duff stepped out for a quiet dinner with hubby Mike Comrie and a group of four friends at SoHo House in L.A. – sans son Luca.
The vibe was mellow, but Duff was very chatty with a girlfriend and spend the evening laughing and enjoying good conversation. The group would alternate between small side conversations and also shared jokes with the whole table, as guests sipped wine casually.
When it was time to leave, Comrie ran over to his wife"s side of the table and pulled out her chair, helping her to get up from the table and placing his hand on her back as they walked out together.


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The following is a general instruction for identifying Phasmatodea, not only for breeders but also for people wanting to identify preserved phasmids in their cabinets. An increasing number of new stocks of so far unidentified species is introduced to Europe currently, but often it takes a long time to make a confirmed identification. So, let's find out why.
1. Difficulties of identification
Undoubtedly, the Phasmatodea are an order in which the identification exclusively upon examination and comparison of morphological features of the insects can be problematic. The order is still poorly studied if compared to e.g. Coleoptera or Lepidoptera, and frequently numerous new species, genera or even higher ordinate taxa like tribes and subfamilies are discovered on modern expeditions and prospections of certain habitats. Currently, some 2600 valid species are known, numerous of which are still of a rather uncertain or provisional systematic position within the classification. The main difficulties in identifying Phasmatodea can be summarized as follows:
1. Inadequate descriptions. The first Phasmid species were described by Carl von LINNÉ in 1758. Many of the species descriptions published up to the 20th century are very brief and nowadays are useless for identifying species. During the 19th century it was usual to characterize a species by only a single sentence, or a couple of insufiiciently characterizing features. Unfortunately, this problem is also the case with the perhaps most famous publication of the 20th century, the monography "Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden" by BRUNNER v. WATTENWYL & REDTENBACHER (1906-1908).
2. Sexual dimorphism. Phasmids often exhibit a remarkable sexual dimorphism with females looking very different than the corresponding males. There are quite a few cases in which a the opposite sexes of one species were described not only as two distinct species, but even in two different genera!
3. Intraspecific variation. Numerous species (subfamily Lonchodinae in particular) exhibit extreme intraspecific variability concerning to certain morphological features of the female insects such as the colouration, size, sculpturing of the body surface, spination, shape of the lobes on the legs or head armature. In same cases the variation can be so extreme and individual that hardly two identical specimens are found even amongst a series of several dozends of specimens.
4. Unique specimens / nymphs. Many species were inadequately described from a single male or female only, and in some cases the concerned specimen (holotype) is either not traced or known to have been destroyed. Other species were described from nymphs only, which may look very different from the adults, and hence make an identification of adult insects impossible.
5. Use of phylogenetically irrelevant criterions. The Phasmatodea are real masters of camouflage. Hence they often exhibit a wide range of conspicuous morphological "features", which at first glance pretend to be useful for the distinction of species, genera or higher ordinate taxa. However, many of these "features" are merely adaptions to the natural environment in which a certain species lives. Features that underlie less evolutionary pressure and are constant within taxa are e.g. the genitalia or eggs. Often it deserves captive breeding and quite some expierience with certain subgroups to decide on the phylogenetic relevance of a feature. Unfortunately, several of the phylogenetically relevant criterions were completely left out of account by authors in the 18th and 19th century.
6. KIRBY´s "A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera" of 1904. BRUNNER v. WATTENWYL & REDTENBACHER (1906-1908) list valid species in their monography which were treated as synonyms by KIRBY (1904) and type-species designated for numerous genera by KIRBY were left out of account, which has led to much confusion still not solved completely. Since the monograph excludes any reference to KIRBY's catalogue there seems to have been no liaison between these well-known scientists.
2. Where to start? Important Publications & Monographs
As the Phasmatodea are still poorly studied you will need access to a good selection of primary literature. Copies or PDF-files of original publications can obtained from public libraries or via libraries in the internet. Two historical and fairly essential publications are:
WESTWOOD, J. O. (1859): Catalogue of Orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1, Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp., 40 plates.
BRUNNER v. WATTENWYL, C. & REDTENBACHER, J. (1906-1908): Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden, Teil 1-3. Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 589 S., 27 Tafeln. [Authorship: Part 1 (1906) & 3 (1908): REDTENBACHER; Part 2 (1907): C. BRUNNER v. WATTENWYL]
Both works contain a reasonable number of very accurate black and white plates, which either show the complete insects or details of the genitalia or head. The latter includes an illustration of at least one species in almost all genera known at that time.
3. Geographical regions & local faunas
If you are examining Phasmatodea from specific countries or island, it is advisable to obtain primary or secondary literature that deals with the concerned faunas. Whenever you work with historic publications you must take into account that often the recorded localities are based on specimens collected in the late 18th or early 19th century and that the increasing destruction of natural habitats during the past 100 years may have changed the original habitats fundamentally!
The majority of publications since the early 20th century deal with certain faunas. The Phasmatodea of some countries are rather well studied but future collections from remote areas may still produces undescribed species. There are essential more or less complete publications available for the following regions, countries or islands:
BROCK, P.D. & HASENPUSCH, J. (2007): Studies on the Australian stick insects (Phasmida), including a checklist of species and bibliography. Zootaxa, 1570: 3-84.
BROCK, P.D. & HASENPUSCH, J. (2009): The Complete Field Guide to Stick and Leaf Insects of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Australia. 204 pp.
BRAGG, P. E. (2001): Phasmids of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 772 pp.
CHEN, S. C. & HE, Y. H. (2007): Phasmatodea of China. China Forestry Publishing House. 476 pp, 12 plates.
HENNEMANN, F. H., CONLE, O. V. & ZHANG, W. W. (2008): Catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) of China, with a faunistic analysis, review of recent ecological and biological studies and bibliography (Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea). Zootaxa, 1735: 3-77.
LELONG, P., LANGLOIS, F., RASTEL, D. & DOREL, E. (2003): Phasmatodea of Dominica. ASPER Publishing, Ste Foy D' Aigrefueille, Frankreich. 103 pp. + appendix.
CHOPARD, L. (1912): Contribution a la faune des Orthoptères de la Guyane Française. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 80: 315-349.
LANGLOIS, F. & LELONG, P. (1998): Phasmatodea de Guadeloupe. ASPER Publishing, Ste Foy D' Aigrefueille, Frankreich. 88 pp. + appendix.
BROCK, P.D. & SHLAGMAN, A. (1994): The stick-insects (Phasmatodea) of Israel, including the Description of a new species. Israel Journal of Entomology, 28: 101-117.
OKADA, M. (1999): Nanafushí-No-Subete (All About Stick-Insects). Tonbo-Shuppan Publishing, Osaka. 56 pp. [In Japanese]
SHIRAKI, T. (1935): Orthoptera of the Japanese Empire (Part IV) Phasmidae. Memoires of the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Taihokalmp. University, Formosa, 14(3): 23-88, plates 4-10.
LANGLOIS, F., LELONG, P., RASTEL, D., POLIDORI, E. & DOREL, E. (2000): Phasmatodea de Martinque. ASPER Publishing, Ste Foy D' Aigrefueille, Frankreich. 74 pp. + appendix.
KEVAN, D. K., McE. & VICKERY, V.R. (1997): An annotated provisional list of Non-altatorial Orthopteroid Insects of Micronesia, compiled mainly from literature. Micronesica, 30(2): 269-353.
GÜNTHER, K. (1929): Die Phasmoiden der Deutschen Kaiserin Augusta-Fluss-Expedition 1912/13. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Phasmoidenfauna Neuguineas. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum, Berlin, 17: 753-835.
HERWAARDEN, H. van (1998): A guide to the genera of stick- and leaf-Insects (Insecta: Phasmida) of New Guinea and the surrounding islands. Science in New Guinea, 24(2): 55-114.
CARL, J. (1915): Phasmiden von Neu-Caledonien und den Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin, F. & Roux, J. [Eds.]: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonia. Zoologie, (2)2(9): 173-194.
SALMON, J. T. (1991): The stick insects of New Zealand. Reed Books, New Zealand. 124 pp.
JEWELL, T. & BROCK, P.D. (2003): A review of the New Zealand stick-insects: new genera and synonymy, keys, and a catalogue. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 11(2): 189-197.
LANGLOIS, F., LELONG, P. & DOREL, E. (2006): Phasmatodea of Saint Lucia. ASPER Publishing, Ste Foy D' Aigrefueille, France. 68 pp. + appendix.
HENNEMANN, F. H. (2002): Notes on the Phasmatodea of Sri Lanka. Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 92: 37-78.
HENNEMANN, F. H. (1998): Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Phasmidenfauna von Sulawesi. Mit einem Katalog der bisher bekanntgewordenen Arten. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 74(1): 95-128.
BROCK, P.D. (1999): Stick and Leaf Insects of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur. 223 pp.
SEOW-CHOEN, F. (2000): An Illustrated Guide to the Stick and Leaf Insects of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. 173 pp.
4. Search for literature after 1930
Ulf CARLBERG has published a bibliographical list, his "Bibliography of Phasmida", which is splitted into seven papers (1983, 1985, 1986, 1987a & b, 1988, 1994). These provide complete references of almost all publications dealing with Phasmatodea and useful species indexes for the periods 1930-39; 1940-49; 1950-59; 1960-69; 1970-79; 1980-84 and 1985-89. They are quite helpful for researching species.
CARLBERG, U. (1983): Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) I: 1970-79. Spixiana, 6(1): 27-43.
CARLBERG, U. (1985): Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) II: 1960-69. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin, 35(1): 3-12.
CARLBERG, U. (1986): Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) III: 1950-59. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin, 36(2): 255-260.
CARLBERG, U. (1987a): Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) IV: 1980-84. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin, 37(1): 197-202.
CARLBERG, U. (1987b): Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) VI: 1980-84. Spixiana, 10(2): 147-156.
CARLBERG, U. (1988): Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) V: 1930-39. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin, 38(1): 277-287.
CARLBERG, U. (1994a): Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) VII: 1985-1989. Spixiana, 17(2): 179-191.
CARLBERG, U. (1994b): Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta) VIII: Supplement I. 1930-1984. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin, 44(1): 243-250.
5. Approach
When you have the necessary primary literature you should first examine the plates in WESTWOOD (1859) and BRUNNER v. WATTENWYL & REDTENBACHER (1906-1908) to find a similar insect to the one you are seeking to identify. Apart from a similar general habitus and suitable distribution, pay particular attention to the wing shape and size (if winged), length relations of body segments, length of the antennae and legs in relation to the body, and body or leg structures such as spines, teeth, tubercles or lobes, and shape of the genitalia of course. In some winged groups even the arrangement of the veins can be of importance for the distinction of higher ordinate taxa.
With luck you may find exactly the species or a very similar species to the one you are searching for, in which case you should look up the description in order to check the localities, measurements, colouration and other features that cannot be seen in the illustration. These are in English (WESTWOOD) or Latin with German comments (BRUNNER v. WATTENWYL & REDTENBACHER). The latter work furthermore provides identification keys to all genera and all species in each genus, which are mostly fairly simple to translate and easy to work with. If no matching species was found it is advisable to examine further literature that either deals with closely related taxa or species from the concerned country or island.
Finally, for going sure you should compare your insects with the original type-specimen(s) which are mostly housed in museum collections throughout the world. If there is no possibility for you to visit the museum which houses thespecific type-specimen you need to see, the corresponding curator may help out with photos or comparison of your specimen.
There are sometimes several nearly identical or very similar species in a genus. In such cases try to establish the distinctive features mentioned in the literature and use a microscope or magnifying glass for carefully checking these structures (e.g. shape and size of cerci, granules on the thorax).
6. Phasmida Species File
The Phasmida Species File (author: Paul D. BROCK) is a taxonomic database of the world's Phasmatodea, which includes basic data from OTTE & BROCK's 2005 "Catalog of the Stick and Leaf Insects of the World" as well as thousands of photos of type-specimens, numerous literature refernces and is continuously updated. As a second step this collossal online database is certainly the best modern tool for identifying Phasmatodea and the definitive source of information about phasmid names:
OTTE, D. & BROCK, P. (2005): Phasmida Species File. Catalog of the Stick and Leaf Insects of the World. 2nd Edition. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 S.


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Portland, Ore. – The San Jose Earthquakes fell 2-0 against Vancouver Whitecaps FC in their second game of the Rose City Invitational on Wednesday at Providence Park. The Earthquakes generated a number of quality chances, but were unable to break through.
San Jose nearly opened the scoring in the 12th minute after Brandon Barklage's shot was cleared off the line by Vancouver defender Carlyle Mitchell. Barklage found Sam Garza open at the far post with a low whipped cross. Garza then returned the favor with a teasing ball across the goal face that Barklage ripped from 12 yards out. The shot would have found the net if not for a diving deflection from Mitchell.
Vancouver scored against the run of play in the 26th minute. Sam Adekugbe found Kenny Miller with a cross during a counter attack that the Scottish international buried with one touch from close range.
The Earthquakes had another golden opportunity in the 29th minute after Adam Jahn broke free with just the keeper to beat. Jahn dribbled into the box after winning a ball in San Jose's attacking half and tried to slot his shot low past goalkeeper Paolo Tornaghi, but the Italian was game forl the task.
Chris Wondolowski got a look on a Sam Garza corner kick late in the match. San Jose's leading scorer from the last four seasons volleyed his shot on target, but Ethen Sampson lunged and knocked it away before crossing the goal line.
Vancouver's Bryce Alderson won a penalty in the final minutes of the match, going down in the box after attempting to receive a pass. Darren Mattocks buried the ensuing spot kick to make it 2-0.
The Earthquakes close the Rose City Invitational on Saturday, March 1 against Portmore United of Jamaica. Kickoff is 2:30 p.m. PT at Providence Park with a livestream available on www.sjearthquakes.com.
San Jose Earthquakes 0:2 Vancouver Whitecaps FC
Providence Park – Portland, Ore.
February 26, 2014 – Attendance: NA
Scoring Summary: VAN – Kenny Miller (Sam Adekugbe) 26; VAN – Darren Mattocks (penalty) 88.
Misconduct Summary: SJ – Adam Jahn (caution) 40.
San Jose Earthquakes: Jon Busch (David Bingham 46), Brandon Barklage (Cordell Cato 46), Joe Sofia (Ty Harden 46), Jason Hernandez, Shaun Francis, Atiba Harris (A.J. Corrado 62), Jean-Baptiste Pierazzi (Walter Martinez 46), Khari Stephenson (Freddie Braun 62), Sam Garza, Billy Schuler (Chris Wondolowski 72), Adam Jahn (Steven Lenhart 72, Shea Salinas 88).
Vancouver Whitecaps FC – Paolo Tornaghi, Ethen Sampson, Carlyle Mitchell, Johnny Leveron, Christian Dean, Gershon Koffie, Bryce Alderson, Matt Watson (Erik Hurtado 62), Kenny Miller (Marco Bustos 46), Sam Adekugbe (Kekuta Manneh 62), Omar Salgado (Darren Mattocks 62).


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LaTélé and LémanBleu choose Romandie Network SA to handle its online media space sales
Nyon on May 2, 2012 – Romandie Network SA has signed an exclusive advertising agreement with the both leading private televisions.
Thanks to this partnership, Romandie Network SA will not only enrich it's Premium offer in Display and Instream Video but also provide new crossmedia offers in the market.
Download the full press release (fr/pdf)


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Chicago Burlesque Shows
VAUDEZILLA! Burlesque Spectacular
Saturday, August 11th - 10:30pm
Bringing Your Birthday/Bachelorette/Group Party to Our Show?
We love hosting groups & bachelorette parties at our show! Let us know about your party
in advance by filling out our
FREE V.I.P. REQUEST, and we'll be sure to give you a shout-out from
the stage, as well as a goodie bag & feather boa for the guest of honor!


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Moore's playoff putt seals Arizona's title win May 24, 2018 12:04 ET
STILLWATER, Okla. — Arizona's Haley Moore sank her final putt in a playoff to push the Wildcats past Alabama 3-2 on Wednesday at Karsten Creek Golf Club to clinch the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Cha...
Zona's amazing run ends with DI title May 23, 2018 9:30 ET
Arizona's miraculous run through the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championship culminated in a national title Wednesday evening in Stillwater, Okla.
Playoff putt by Haley Moore gives Arizona the 2018 DI Women's Golf National title May 23, 2018 5:35 ET
The 2018 Women's Golf Championship in Stillwater, Oklahoma was a back and forth affair that saw Arizona win in a nail-biter. Match wins by Yu-Sang Hou and Sandra Nordaas set up Haley Moore, whose clutch performance in the final match gave the Wildcats the title.
Bama, Zona advance to DI championship May 22, 2018 11:20 ET
STILLWATER, Okla. –– After six rounds of golf over five days, No. 2 seed Alabama and No. 8 seed Arizona emerged from the original 24-team field, winning in quarterfinals and semifinals today to advance to...
Alabama and Arizona are headed to the team championship round May 22, 2018 3:40 ET
Alabama and Arizona advance to the team championship round of the 2018 Women's Golf Championship in Stillwater, Oklahoma.


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Award-winning composer and music producer Vikas Kohli from FatLabs is a good guy. You want to be his friend.
He fought super-villains while becoming the first composer to receive a Trailblazer Award from the ReelWorld Film Festival. He grilled a samosa while becoming the first composer to receive a Voice Achievers Award. He ate the samosa while receiving a MARTY award from the Mississauga Arts Council.
In 2011, Vikas began producing events and arranging the music for these events. The 1st annual Bollywood Monster Mashup show created for the Indian International Film Academy (IIFA) awards in Toronto was attended by 15,000 people. The 2nd annual Bollywood Monster Mashup show went stand-alone and was also attended by 15,000 people. The 1st annual Monster Rock Orchestra created for the Mississauga Waterfront Festival was attended by 20,000 people.
The song he produced for Bollywood film "Mission Istaanbul" was performed live at the IIFAs in Bangkok, Thailand. He composed the title track for the Canadian Film Centre's "Shanti Baba Ram & The Dancers of Hope", which aired on Canwest Global. He composed the soundtrack for "I Do. Do I?" which won a Gold Remi at the Houston International Film Festival. He composed for "The Bee", which won Best Canadian Environmental Film at the Toronto Urban Film Festival. He's produced two albums with The Responsibles, which were nominated for Punk Recording of the Year and charted nationally; co-wrote Jennifer Abadesso's song "Did You Think", which hit #1 in Paris; produced multi-million album selling Bhangra artist Mika Singh and collaborated on projects with Cappadonna (Wu-Tang Clan), Justin Nozuka, Moka Only and Apache Indian. Vikas has been profiled by ET Canada, CBC The National, CTV, Globe and Mail, Toronto Star, The Hindustan Times, Times of India and Zee News.
Things are looking good at FatLabs. Let's do lunch.
Now a sought-after music producer, Kohli is well versed in music across a variety of genres from punk, jazz, and hip-hop, to country, metal, and Bollywood pop. He is known internationally for his extensive repertoire, his expertise with song arrangements, A-list session musicians and his one-on-one artist development. When asked how he maneuvers effortlessly between so many genres, Kohli simply quips: "I just like music. Don't you?"
Kohli is actively involved in the arts scene and has spoken at UNESCO, Trinidad & Tobago Music Business Conference, NXNE, SAC, CMW, Masala!Mehndi!Masti!, Nashville Songwriters Association, Hamilton Music Awards, Toronto Independent Music Awards, ReelWorld Film Festival, Small World Music Society, Culture Days, FILMI, Toronto FIlmmakers Club, Mississauga Independent Film Festival, Undercurrents, JyaFest Arts Collective, Canada Career Arts, Tin Pan North, Trebas Institute, Durham College, Toronto City Summit Alliance and the City of Mississauga's Culture Division. He is a jury member for FACTOR, a member of the Screen Composers Guild of Canada and former advisor on the Arts and Culture Grant Assessment Committee for the City of Mississauga. He is on the Advisory Board for the Blackwood Art Gallery and on the Board of Directors for the Art Gallery of Mississauga.
Born in Ottawa, Kohli started playing guitar and studying painting at fine arts school. Kohli received his Honors Degree in Mathematics & Philosophy from the University of Toronto, his MBA from the Schulich School of Business and his CFA. Kohli now lives in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada where he runs FatLabs all hours of the day and night -- It turns out rock'n'rollers don't need sleep.


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Posted on Apr 24, 2014
Earth Day Activities for Seniors and In Home Elderly Help
While it may seem like celebrating our planet should be a daily event; April 22nd is Earth Day. Earth Day was first celebrated in 1970 as a way to encourage the protection of the environment and is still a global event today. Earth Day is reminder to take the time out to care for our surroundings and to acknowledge and appreciate our beautiful home.
What is a celebration without fun activities? Earth Day activities for seniors don't have to be extravagant. Something as Earth-friendly as planting a tree together can be therapeutic and relaxing as well as a conscious effort to give back to our planet. Trees help to reduce greenhouse gases, clean our everyday pollution, and secure soil in place to prevent erosion. If planting a tree is inspiring, an organized group tree hug could be just as much fun with music and shared stories.
One way to reduce your carbon footprint and show your support for Earth Day is to aim to eat locally. Scope out local diners that serve food made from products in your area. Support your local grower and farmer. Their products don't have to travel as far and in turn, reduce greenhouse gas emission. If you are in the shopping mood; head to a local vendor and find some unique handmade pieces to add to your jewelry or home decorating collection. Be sure to bring your reusable bag to further reduce trash in our landfills.
If you are looking for a good spring cleaning project, consider hosting a garage sale. The saying goes, "one man's junk is another man's treasure." There's no better time than spring to purge some unused things and get some cash in return. If a garage sale seems like too much of hassle, consider donating your unused goods. There are still lots of people who don't even have basic necessities and local charities benefit with the resale of your items.
If you prefer your Earth Day activities to be more low-key, perhaps an at-home viewing of "Planet Earth" would be a relaxing way to reacquaint yourself with the natural wonders of our world. Simple things like reducing waste and avoiding disposable paper products and packaging are a wonderful step to protecting our environment.
If you would like to learn more about caring and consistent in home care for seniors and the many benefits of professional in home elderly help or dementia and Alzheimer's care, call Senior Helpers of Fountain Valley to speak to a senior care specialist today 714-593-1177! The compassionate senior care specialists at Senior Helpers can also guide you through the process of receiving the Veterans Administration Aid and Attendance Benefit if your elderly loved one is a veteran. In home senior care and in home assisted living allows your loved one to stay in the comforts of their own home for as long as possible while receiving the level of care they need. Senior Helpers of Fountain Valley provides a wide range of services including Alzheimer's and dementia care, personal assistance, companionship, and so much more to all areas of Orange County, Huntington Beach, Fountain Valley, Costa Mesa, Laguna Hills, and Laguna Woods, California.


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Misha Malyshev, global leadership council, buildOn
Misha Malyshev, chief executive of Chicago-based Teza Technologies, has joined buildOn's global leadership council. BuildOn is a non-profit organization active in Chicago area schools, working to break the cycle of poverty, illiteracy and low expectations through service and education. In 2011, 94 percent of the students involved in the program went on to college. For years, Malyshev has supported buildOn's growing Afterschool Service Programs in some of Chicago's neediest schools, in addition to being involved in buildOn's School Construction Program in developing countries. In December of 2012, Misha led Teza Technologies' support of buildOn's Breaking the Cycle Campaign. Through a $100,000 matching gift grant from Teza Technologies, the campaign raised $235,000 to support buildOn's Afterschool Service Programs in under-resourced Chicago Public High Schools, and to build three schools in Malawi, Africa. Malyshev is founder of Teza Technologies, which uses technology and quantitative tools to trade in a broad range asset classes and markets globally. Before that, he spent seven years at Citadel Investment Group LLC He also has conducted scientific research for Bell Labs and worked as a consultant with McKinsey & Company. Malyshev has Ph.D. in astrophysics from Princeton University in 1998 and an M.S. in theoretical physics and B.S. in physics and mathematics from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.
Copyright © 2019, Chicago Tribune


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Brussels, 4 March 2010
Economic Recovery: Second batch of 4-billion-euro package goes to 43 pipeline and electricity projects
The European Commission selected today 43 major energy projects, which will significantly contribute to the economic recovery in the EU, while increasing our security of energy supply by creating cross-border infrastructure. With today's decision, the Commission grants € 2.3 billion to 31 gas and 12 electricity projects. This is the second financial decision under the Economic Recovery Package which amounts to almost 4 billion Euros. It is the largest amount the EU has ever spent on energy infrastructure.
José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission, said: "Under the EU's Recovery Plan we finance 'smart investment' – a short-term stimulus targeted on long-term goals. Investing in key infrastructure will not only give a push to the economy and employment, but it will also help ensuring that citizens homes will have heating and electricity, even in the event of supply disruptions. We have learnt the lessons of the recent gas crisis which is one of the reasons why we decided to allocate major financial assistance to new energy infrastructure projects".
Günther Oettinger, European Commissioner responsible for Energy said: "Never before has the Commission agreed such an important amount for energy projects. We have selected key projects which will help creating a more integrated energy network in Europe ensuring flexible energy flows across Member States' borders. Europe's energy and climate objectives require large and risky infrastructure investments with long pay-back times. The problem is that, in today's economic climate, such projects risk to be delayed. This is a moment where Europe can play an important role in keeping these projects on track".
Today's Commission decision grants € 910 million for 12 electricity interconnection projects and € 1,390 million for 31 gas pipeline projects. The projects selected today will help to deliver major investment projects which were at risk of major delay because of the economic slowdown. By co-financing parts of these projects up to 50% the EU contribution will help to lever up to 22 billion euros of private sector investment. The 2,3 billion Euro will be granted to project developers over the next 18 months.
The electricity and gas infrastructure projects selected reflect the energy priorities of the EU. These include the need to better interconnect all EU Member States and to reduce the isolation of remoter parts, such as the three Baltic States, Ireland and Malta. They also confirm the need for greater security of gas supplies by supporting projects for reverse flow in 9 Member States and the Nabucco and Galsi projects to diversify gas imports.
These investments will help stimulate employment and ensure the survival of many small businesses in the construction and services industries. They will make energy supplies more reliable for millions of people especially in the event of a supply crisis.
In March 2009 the EU set aside €3.98 billion to assist European economic recovery.
With the Carbon Capture and Offshore Wind Projects which the Commission agreed to support on 9 December 2009, the budget for energy projects in the European energy Recovery Programme is 97 % committed.
The Commission will report to the European Council in March 2010.
The complete list of projects is annexed to this press release.
For more information:
IP/09/1896: Commission approves over €1,5bn for 15 CCS and off-shore wind projects to support European economic recovery
List of grants to be financed by the 2009 and 2010 budget for the sector of Gas and Electricity infrastructure projects.
1. Gas interconnectors
REVERSE FLOW GAS projects
2. Electricity interconnectors
3. Small islands projects
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NBA Capsules
SAN ANTONIO (AP) Tim Duncan had 23 points and 11 rebounds, and the San Antonio Spurs never trailed against the Miami Heat, weathering a sluggish third quarter for an intense and emotional 111-87 victory Thursday.
Tony Parker scored 17 points, including 14 in a wild first half, Boris Diaw added 16 and Kawhi Leonard had 11 for San Antonio, which has won five straight.
Chris Bosh had 24 points, LeBron James added 19, Dwyane Wade had 16 and Michael Beasley 11 for Miami.
James, who ditched the protective mask he was wearing early in the first half, was hounded by Leonard into shooting 6 for 18.
PHOENIX (AP) – Gerald Green scored 25 of his career-high 41 points in the third quarter and the Suns erased a 16-point deficit.
Markieff Morris added 24 points, including two free throws with 24.4 seconds to play. Goran Dragic scored 22, including six of the Suns' final 12 points after Oklahoma City led 118-116.
Russell Westbrook scored a season-high 36 for the Thunder. Kevin Durant added 34.
Green's outburst fell one point shy of a Suns record for most points in a quarter set by Stephon Marbury in 2002.
It was Phoenix's second 40-point performance in four games. Dragic had 40 against New Orleans on Friday.
LOS ANGELES (AP) – Blake Griffin had 20 points and 11 rebounds during three thunderous quarters by the Clippers, who routed the Lakers to extend their winning streak to a season-best six games.
Darren Collison had a team-high 24 points while starting at shooting guard for the injured Jamal Crawford. Chris Paul added 13 points and 11 assists for the Clippers, who apparently are trying to make up for decades of humiliation at the hands of the Lakers all in one season; they've won the last two meetings by a combined 84 points.
This was the Clippers' largest victory margin over their longtime tormentors, and their sixth victory in the last seven meetings – including a four-game sweep last season.
The last time the teams met on Jan. 10, the Clips won 123-87.