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William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, Burghley also spelled Burleigh, also called (1551–71) Sir William Cecil, (born Sept. 13, 1520, Bourne, Lincolnshire, Eng.—died Aug. 5, 1598, London), principal adviser to England's Queen Elizabeth I through most of her reign. Cecil was a master of Renaissance statecraft, whose talents as a diplomat, politician, and administrator won him high office and a peerage.
By service to the Tudors and marriage to local heiresses Cecil's father and grandfather acquired wealth, office, and the status of gentry. In childhood William served as a page of the robes at court, where his father was a groom of the wardrobe. In 1535 he entered St. John's College, Cambridge, where he studied classics under the versatile humanist John Cheke and came under Protestant influence. At the age of 20 he fell in love with Cheke's sister, Mary. They were married in 1541, but she died in 1543, leaving him a son, Thomas.
In 1542, for defending royal policy, William was rewarded by Henry VIII with a place in the Court of Common Pleas. A year later he first entered Parliament. Through his second marriage, to the learned and pious Mildred Cooke in 1545, he joined an influential Protestant circle at court; it included his father-in-law, Sir Anthony Cooke, his former brother-in-law, John Cheke, the future protector, Edward Seymour (Lord Hertford and duke of Somerset), and the queen consort Catherine Parr, for whom Cecil edited a devotional tract. When Edward VI succeeded, Cecil joined the protector Somerset's household and in 1548 became his secretary. On Somerset's first fall from power, in 1549, Cecil was briefly imprisoned in the Tower of London. By acting as go-between for Somerset and his rival, John Dudley, earl of Warwick, Cecil regained favour and became in 1550 a councillor and one of the two secretaries to the King, alongside William Petre. After Somerset's final fall, in 1551, Cecil was knighted by the victorious Warwick, who assumed the dukedom of Northumberland. Cecil was committed to Northumberland; but, when the Duke proposed to alter the succession, Cecil, though fearing for his life and contemplating flight, sided with the judges in opposition. He capitulated to Northumberland only on royal command. Ever loyal to the Tudors, Cecil deserted Northumberland after Edward VI's death. He approached the triumphant Mary Tudor as representative of the council, winning her approval as "a very honest man."
As junior secretary, Cecil had had little scope under Edward VI. He shared neither the social idealism nor the iconoclastic urge of the more extreme reformists at court. He did share in the spoils of a corrupt government; but he established himself as an able bureaucrat, a moderate with a sense of legal propriety, and, like his ally the archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer, a gradualist in religious reform. Yet, although offered employment on Mary's accession, he, unlike most of his colleagues, withdrew from the Catholic court. On Elizabeth's accession, in 1558, Cecil was appointed her sole secretary. His first major diplomatic achievement was to persuade a reluctant queen to intervene in Scotland and conclude the Treaty of Edinburgh (1560), which removed French forces from Scotland. His gift for compromise facilitated the church settlement in 1559; his financial sense, the recoinage in 1561. Elizabeth's flirtation with John Dudley's son Robert, however, weakened Cecil's position. Despite threats of resignation and opposition to Robert Dudley, Cecil retained Elizabeth's trust and was rewarded with the lucrative mastership of the Court of Wards in 1561.
Decision on the succession was necessary to settle policies. While Cecil intrigued to thwart Dudley, he sympathized with Protestant efforts in Parliament to make Elizabeth marry. He resisted Mary Stuart's claims to succeed but recommended the Habsburg suitor, the archduke Charles. Dudley, capturing the initiative, backed an ill-fated expedition to France to aid the Huguenots, which ended in the Treaty of Troyes, became a councillor, and in 1564 became earl of Leicester. On the defensive, Cecil restored the balance by introducing Thomas Howard, 4th duke of Norfolk, into the council. But the consequences of Mary Stuart's marriage to Lord Darnley in 1565 worked to Cecil's disadvantage; Cecil's hopes of drawing England and Scotland together were threatened.
Mary Stuart's flight to England in 1568 embarrassed Cecil; although it opened diplomatic opportunities in Scotland, it led to Norfolk's plan to marry the widowed queen of Scots. Norfolk opposed Cecil over Mary's fate, over secret aid to the Huguenots, and over policy toward Spain. Resenting the threat of the Duke of Alba's Spanish army in the Netherlands, Cecil nearly precipitated war in December 1568 by instigating the seizure of ships carrying bullion to Alba, who retaliated by closing Antwerp to English trade. Leicester joined Norfolk, and they prepared to oust Cecil; but they faltered before the Queen's support for her secretary.
His challengers defeated, Cecil was created a peer, 1st Baron Burghley, in 1571, and in 1572 he became a knight of the Garter and lord treasurer; he now shared royal favour on equal terms with Leicester. Meanwhile, the papal bull of 1570, deposing Elizabeth, confirmed Cecil in his defense of the Elizabethan church, in which he cooperated with his nominee, Archbishop Matthew Parker. The intrigue called the Ridolfi Plot, a planned Spanish invasion of England to put Mary Stuart on the throne, led to Norfolk's execution in 1572 and discredited Mary Stuart and the pro-Spanish interest. Burghley's rebuff to Spain was underlined by the Treaty of Blois with France in 1572. Neither French influence in the Netherlands nor the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572) deterred Burghley from the French alliance; but he also soothed Spain, and the embargo on trade with Antwerp was lifted. In Scotland he settled the regency; but he failed to persuade the Scots to try to depose their queen, who remained a focus of Catholic intrigue in her English prison.
In the 1570s Leicester, supported by Francis Walsingham, who became a secretary in 1573, courted Puritan support; agitated for aid to William of Orange, Protestant leader of the rebels in the Netherlands; and favoured negotiations with France. Burghley, restraining the French and trying to avoid open commitment to the rebels, pursued a policy that, in advocating nominal Spanish suzerainty over a Netherlands enjoying its traditional liberties, ignored Philip II's obvious intentions. Failing to gain a settlement in 1576, Burghley finally joined Leicester in urging Elizabeth to act on behalf of Orange. Rather than fight openly, Elizabeth tried to utilize French influence in the Netherlands by marriage negotiations with the Duke of Anjou. Burghley accepted royal policy, but Puritan opposition prevented a definite conclusion to the Anjou affair.
Although his hopes for moderate reform collapsed when his chosen archbishop, Edmund Grindal, was made powerless following a quarrel with the Queen, Burghley could not afford to weaken the Puritan militants against aggressive Catholicism. A Jesuit mission and papal intervention in Ireland in 1580 roused Burghley to anti-Catholic action and to alarm over the intentions of Catholic Spain. The assassination of William of Orange in 1584 and the knowledge of a planned French landing at Arundel led Burghley to take measures to protect the Queen's life and to incline toward war against Spain. His hesitation over the costs of war and the peace feelers he extended to Alessandro Farnese, the 3rd duke of Parma, the Spanish commander in the Netherlands, created ill will with Leicester. But by 1585 Burghley supported Leicester's expedition to the Netherlands and Sir Francis Drake's voyage to the Caribbean. In 1586, on Walsingham's revelation of the Babington plot—a plan by Anthony Babington, once page to Mary Stuart, to assassinate Elizabeth—Burghley pressed to ensure the trial of Mary Stuart and her execution in 1587. His initiative put him in brief disgrace with the diplomatically outraged Elizabeth. Under the growing threat of the Spanish Armada in 1587, Burghley parleyed with Parma, courted Henry of Navarre and James VI of Scotland, and kept a sharp eye on the Irish and English Catholics. His diplomatic, military, naval, and financial preparations proved just adequate in 1588 to defeat the Armada. He exploited victory with propaganda, and his fame as principal councillor of Elizabeth spread through Europe.
After the failure of the Armada, Leicester died (1588), but Burghley survived to preside over the politics of a new generation. He coached his son Robert, born in 1563, for the secretaryship, which he obtained for him in 1596; Robert had taken over its responsibilities after Walsingham's death in 1590. Despite ill health, Burghley remained active, performing his official duties, writing memorandums, and dealing with suits. But he devised no new policies to check declining prosperity. Instead, he intensified a program of retrenchment and pressed the Commons for grants. In foreign affairs he supported campaigns waged against Spain in France and the Netherlands and naval expeditions by Drake and Essex. But finally he urged peace with Spain, fearing a Franco-Spanish settlement and the strain of prolonged war. He died before the negotiations were concluded.
As a statesman Burghley saw that his duty was to give the Queen his best advice and then to carry out whatever policy seemed expedient to her. His loyalty in this task won Elizabeth's confidence. A master of discretion, Burghley as a royal servant assumed an official mask and learned "to walk invisible." His contribution to policy-making was his intuitive appreciation of the national interest, which he strove to convey to the Queen. The inspiration of the "common cause" of European Protestantism did not lead him to subordinate insular national interests; he reduced the ideological ends of international Protestantism to the more practical aims of secular patriotism. Preferring diplomacy to war on practical grounds, he exploited informal contacts, rebels, and factions among foreign enemies. In economic affairs he tried to maintain England's security by conventional statecraft. In agriculture and industry he encouraged self-sufficiency; in commerce, those trades that amassed bullion. His pragmatism as an administrator usually overcame any tendency as an intellectual and lawyer to indulge in balanced appreciations and legalistic argument rather than in action. His removal of Mary Stuart, the Catholic pretender, secured the Protestant succession, and his preparations enabled England to survive the Armada. But he failed to induce Elizabeth to marry or to reform her church; and his policy over the Netherlands was unrealistic and in the end led to open conflict with Spain. Often Burghley was frustrated by the equivocations of the Queen, but he came to accept her good fortune as the care of Providence for Protestant England.
Burghley's recommendation was his diligence and competence in handling the administration. No eager innovator, he fought corruption and made the existing system work. His patronage in church and state enabled him to harness the clergy, the gentry, and the nobility to the tasks of administration. His attendance in council and Parliament was constant, and he understood how to manage both. He directed censorship, propaganda, and an intelligence network at home and abroad.
As lord treasurer he maintained solvency until the overwhelming war expenditure of the late 1580s. Convinced of the damaging political and constitutional effects of heavy taxation on the Queen's relations with her people and on Parliament, he pursued retrenchment and economy rather than expansion of revenues. Through financial control of the royal household and of the military and naval establishments, he increased their efficiency. In the conciliar and departmental courts he gained a reputation for probity as a judge. His handling of royal finance and justice was scrupulous. His personal fortune derived from the unofficial opportunities for profit that attached to office in the 16th century; but in exploiting fees and gifts Burghley was careful not to go beyond the limits of contemporary public morality. He presided over one of the least oppressive and most efficient administrations in 16th-century Europe.
As chancellor of the University of Cambridge from 1559, he influenced discipline rather than the curriculum, but he made his household a resort of scholars and an educational centre for the Queen's wards and the young aristocracy. His intellectual interests, like his italic handwriting, were formed in the advanced humanist circle of John Cheke. His artistic eclecticism, developed under Somerset and Northumberland, was revealed in his personal planning for his three houses—Burghley House at Stamford, Cecil House in the Strand, and Theobalds in Hertfordshire; their decoration, furnishings, collections of pictures, coins, and "things of workmanship," and their gardens, supervised by the botanist John Gerard, won universal admiration. Burghley made a creative contribution to the Elizabethan architectural achievement.
Burghley has always been a controversial figure. The hostility of his Catholic victims, foreign ambassadors, disappointed suitors, and rivals started a critical tradition that was perpetuated by Catholic historians. The favourable treatment of Lord Burghley by Protestant historians was begun by Francis Bacon and William Camden. Inevitably, religious partisanship affected Burghley's reputation as a statesman and as a man. The estimates of his responsibility for policy have depended on the roles in government assigned by historians to the Queen and to his colleagues. The assessments of his professional competence have emerged from studies of Elizabethan administration, finance, faction politics, and diplomacy. The lineaments of Burghley's public role and of his characteristics as a man of his time are becoming clearer, but the depths of his individuality remain difficult to probe.Bernard Winslow Beckingsale The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
United Kingdom: The Tudor ideal of government…government were
politiqueslike herself: William Cecil, Baron Burghley, her principal secretary and in 1572 her lord treasurer; Matthew Parker, archbishop of Canterbury; and a small group of other moderate and secular men.…
library: Effects of the Reformation and religious wars…Parker, and Elizabeth's principal adviser, William Cecil, took the lead in seeking out and acquiring the scattered manuscripts. Many other collectors were also active, including Sir Robert Cotton and Sir Thomas Bodley. As a result, a considerable portion of the libraries that had been scattered at the suppression was, by…
Elizabeth I: Accession…experienced and trustworthy advisers, including William Cecil, Nicholas Bacon, Francis Walsingham, and Nicholas Throckmorton. Chief among these was Cecil (afterward Lord Burghley), whom Elizabeth appointed her principal secretary of state on the morning of her accession and who was to serve her (first in this capacity and after 1571 as…
Edmund Spenser: The Faerie Queene and last years…a covert attack on Lord Burghley, who was one of the most powerful figures of the court. Nevertheless, in 1591 Queen Elizabeth gave Spenser a small pension for life.…
Sir Edward Coke: Early life and public serviceUnder the patronage of William Cecil, Lord Burghley, the first minister of Queen Elizabeth I, Coke entered public service and rose rapidly, becoming a member of Parliament for Aldeburgh in 1589 and solicitor general and recorder of London in 1592. A year later he was elected speaker of the…
More About William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley5 references found in Britannica articles
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NHL deputy commissioner Daly thinks players will take part in 2014 Sochi OlympicsNHL.com @NHLdotcom
STOCKHOLM - NHL deputy commissioner Bill Daly says the league is "proceeding under the assumption" its players will take part in the 2014 Sochi Olympics.
NHL representatives and international hockey and Olympic officials met in Stockholm on Friday in a new round of talks aimed at securing an agreement for the league's participation in the Sochi Games.
While no final deal was reached, the International Ice Hockey Federation said "all signs pointed" to NHL players going to the Olympics for a fifth straight time.
IIHF President Rene Fasel says "we have some issues left, but I, as always, remain optimistic."

subset: commoncrawl


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City Tax Assessors[Record group 93]
- Alternative/Former Names
- Wardens (of Lighting and Watch)
Street Commissioners
City Tax Collectors
City Commissioners
Board of County Commissioners
Agency Function
- These agencies no longer exist. Their functions have been assumed by numerous agencies in the present city government.
- Agency History
- By an Act of November 27, 1700 the Provincial Governor was empowered to grant to chosen commissioners the authority to regulate and repair the City's streets and bridges, to assess and levy a tax for those purposes, and to appoint the tax's collectors and receivers. An Act of 1712 provided for the annual popular election of six City Assessors who, in conjunction with the officers of the Corporation, were to perform the same functions and to appoint the City Treasurer. Two Acts of 1762 directed the assessors and the Corporation to appoint commissioners of the streets with whom they were to contract for their maintenance and who were to share in the assessment process and in the appointment of tax collectors. The elective assessors were abolished by an Act of 1780 and their powers transferred to the streets commissioners who continued to appoint assessors for each ward and who, along with the wardens of lighting and the watch (created by an Act of 1750), remained the chief vestige of City government while the Corporation was suspended during the years 1776-1789. At the City's reincorporation in the latter year the commissioners' and wardens' powers were transferred to it. A Board of City Commissioners was established immediately, however (its positions filled by City Councils until 1799; the Mayor then appointed them until 1839 when that power was restored to Councils), with functions in regard to lighting and watching, City property, wells, pumps, and many similar housekeeping duties. They also appointed tax collectors, a function transferred to the Mayor in 1811 and to Councils in 1839. An Act of 1795 reestablished elective City assessors. With the first steps toward the organization of a full-scale police force in 1833 the watchmen and lamp lighters were transferred from the control of the Commissioners to that of the Police. The office of City Tax Collector was reduced to that of clerk in the then-established office of the Receiver of Taxes, when, in 1854, the City and County were consolidated. The City Commissioners retained all other functions, acquired those of the then-abolished County Commissioners, and were designated County officers, although retaining their original title of City Commissioners. As such, their records from that date must be considered County records and are cataloged with those of the County Commissioners.
- Archival Records
- 93.1 City Tax Duplicate (1791-1834)
93.2 Registered Taxes (1824-1853)
93.3 Paving and Cleaning, Journal of Charges (1852-1857)
93.4 Enumeration index, 3rd Ward, 3rd Precinct (1854)
93.5 Wardens of Lighting and the Watch. Minutes (7 October 1771 - 15 August 1781)
93.6 Wardens of Lighting and the Watch. Accounts Ledger (November 1784 - May 1787)
93.7 Streets Commissioners. Minutes (25 December 1765 - 8 September 1768, 14 July 1770 - 17 September 1772, 30 October 1778 - 28 December 1781, 27 June 1788- 8 March 1790)
93.8 City Commissioners. Minutes (3 June 1789 - 8 March 1790)
93.9 Board of County Commissioners. The Juvenile Court and House of Detention (1908)
Click on a folder or file to return to that level...
PhILS Home
City Agencies
Current Agency Information Sheet. (Text-only version of this page)
Send your comments to email@example.com
Last updated on November 8, 2000


text: The Shepherd Mark I Irradiator is located in Room 113 Ullmann and is available for use by researchers upon request. In order to be designated as a Qualified User of the irradiator the researcher must receive training from the Safety Office on the use of the unit and his/her Principal Investigator must email or send a memo to the Radiation Safety Officer requesting the researcher be added to the list of users. The researcher should then contact the Radiation Safety Officer to arrange for instruction in and scheduling a time for use of the irradiate.


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
"America's Got Talent" season 8 contestants move to audition round with judges - show tapings in New Orleans, San Antonio, New York, Los Angeles and Chicago
NBC has announced that versatile entertainer and former Spice Girl Melanie Brown (or "Mel B") will join the network's top-rated summer series "America's Got Talent" as a judge, and will take her place alongside fellow judges Howie Mandel and Howard Stern beginning this summer.
The outstanding contestants from the season eight open-casting auditions will be invited back to perform in front of Mandel, Stern and Mel B in five cities across the country, with the Top 48 acts moving on to compete during this summer's live shows and vie for the coveted $1 million grand prize. Submissions are still being accepted online at www.agtauditions.com
"I'm thrilled to be part of this season of 'America's Got Talent' and to get to work with Howie and Howard," said Mel B. "It's so exciting to be bringing some 'Girl Power' to the panel!"
Brown, best known to audiences as Mel B of the Spice Girls, is a chart‐topping musical artist, actress, author, television personality and groundbreaking entrepreneur.
Mel B just returned from Australia, where she appeared on the record-breaking show "The X Factor" for two seasons as one of the four judges. She was co-host of one season of the Australian version of "Dancing With the Stars."
In 2010, along with her husband and children, she also starred in a reality series for The Style Network called "Mel B: It's a Scary World," which let viewers get to know the family and see how Mel manages a multi-faceted career, raises her family and still finds time for her husband. Mel was on Season 5 of the ABC hit series "Dancing With the Stars," where she came in second place with her partner, Maksim Chmerkovskiy.
Mel B's brash persona was at the core of the Spice Girl's global success, racking up worldwide record sales of $55 million, a Guinness Book of World Records status for "Most No. 1 Entries in the U.K. Charts" and "Most Consecutive No. 1s for a New Act." The group's enduring popularity brought about one of the most successful concert tours of 2007-08 with the reunion trek grossing more than $70 million. In 2012, the Spice Girls reunited for a performance at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony and for the premiere of "Viva Forever: The Musical." Based on the songs of the Spice Girls, the musical, written by Jennifer Saunders and produced by Judy Cramer, is currently playing in the West End at the Piccadilly Theater.
Auditions for new contestants begin in New Orleans (March 4-5) at the Lakefront Arena before a move to San Antonio (March 20-21) at the Lila Cockrell Theater. The auditions continue in New York City (April 8-10) at the Hammerstein and then re-locate to Los Angeles (April 24-26) at the Pantages Theater before concluding in Chicago (May 8-10) at the Akoo Theater. For taping times and ticket information visit, www.nbc.com/agt
"America's Got Talent," NBC's top rated summer series from producers Simon Cowell's SYCO Television and FremantleMedia North America and returns this summer with the hottest performers from across the country ready to compete in the blockbuster reality show's eighth season. The live shows again will originate from the New York Tri-State area this summer.
With the talent search open to acts of all ages, "America's Got Talent" has brought the variety format back to the forefront of American culture by showcasing performers from across the country. The series is a true celebration of the American spirit, featuring a colorful array of hopeful stars, including singers, dancers, comedians, contortionists, impressionists, jugglers, magicians and ventriloquists, all vying for their chance to strut and perform on stage hoping to win America's hearts - and the $1 million prize.


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Cafeteria convo in "The Tenure Turbulence" in Episode 20 of Season 6
Leonard, Sheldon and Raj fight for tenure at the University, and the competition heats up when the girls get involved, on THE BIG BANG THEORY, Thursday, April 4 (8:00 – 8:31 PM, ET/PT) on the CBS Television Network. pictured left to right: Jim Parsons, Johnny Galecki, Simon Helberg and Kunal Nayyar Photo: Michael Yarish/Warner Bros. ©2013 Warner Bros. Television. All Rights Reserved.


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Swimsuit with Scuderia Ferrari Icon Tape
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Emirates and Qantas inaugurate partnership
Emirates and Qantas have marked the official start of their historic partnership, with the first Qantas flights departing from Sydney and Melbourne to London via the international hub of Dubai.
The partnership marks a new era for Qantas and Emirates, and for global aviation, as the two carriers collaborate to deliver the best network, lounges, frequent flyer benefits and travel experiences.
"The strength of this partnership stems from the fact the Emirates and Qantas brands are an excellent match. Emirates customers using a Qantas lounge or taking a Qantas flight will experience a level of service that is on par with what they expect from Emirates," said Tim Clark, president, Emirates Airline.
"Our two airlines offer the largest joint fleet of Airbus A380s and passengers will be welcomed through Concourse A, the world's first, purpose built A380 concourse, at Dubai International Airport, which is the geographical centrepiece of the partnership," added Clark.
"A major benefit is the range of products we are offering frequent flyers. Customers of either airline can leverage many of their privileges when they fly on the joint network, including earning points, redeeming flights and accessing lounges."
Qantas chief executive, Alan Joyce, said the partnership would make long haul travel more seamless – and faster – for millions of Australians.
"From today, our customers from Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth, Melbourne and Sydney have one-stop access to 65 destinations in the Middle East, North Africa, the UK and Europe via the joint Qantas and Emirates network.
"By travelling through Dubai, Qantas customers can connect to the extensive Emirates network into Europe and the UK and fly directly to their destination," said Joyce.
"Before today, the Qantas network offered five one-stop codeshare destinations into Europe and the UK with our partners. From today, we offer access to 32 destinations in Europe on the combined Qantas and Emirates network.
"The new network will cut average journey times by more than two hours from Melbourne and Sydney to the top 10 destinations in Europe," added Joyce.
Combined the two airlines will offer 98 flights a week between Australia and Dubai.
Customers have already responded very strongly to the partnership, with over 212,086 sectors booked so far on the joint network.
Qantas has seen a six-fold increase in bookings to Europe on the joint network in the first nine weeks of sales compared to the same period last year.
The number of Emirates customers booked to travel on Qantas' domestic network is almost seven times higher than under Qantas' previous partnership arrangement in the same nine week period.
More information on the deal can be found here.


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The Heralds' Sept. 13-19 editorial, "Reassessing the county executive," while attempting to offer a report card on my administration thus far, unfortunately provided an incomplete portrayal of my administration's history relating to the creation of private-sector jobs and the success we have had in attracting new industries and increasing employment to Nassau County.
My focus has been to rebuild the county's economy by creating good-paying, private-sector jobs and putting people back to work. From returning 15,000 jobs to the former United States Navy-Grumman Corporation property in Bethpage to forming an aggressive, hard-charging economic development team, I am dedicated to creating more jobs and opportunities in Nassau County for our generation and future generations. Since 2010, and in a constricted economic climate, my administration has secured commitments to create and retain more than 2,700 private-sector jobs. Economists estimate that these jobs will generate more than $1.5 billion to boost Nassau County's economy, while holding the line on property taxes.
The jobs we have created and retained are in innovative industries that have tremendous growth potential and will stimulate our local economy — industries like movie and television production, research and development, homeland security and composite manufacturing, the last an emerging market that is examining new applications and technologies for use in commercialization.
Understanding that public-private partnerships create benefits that ripple through the economy, including local jobs, my administration recently contracted with Nassau Sports & Events Center for a privately financed, multi-purpose Expo Center at the Mitchel Field Athletic Complex in Uniondale. This state-of-the-art, 105,000- square-foot exhibition center will generate tourism while promoting the Hub to potential investors and developers and creating employment for local residents.


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Fourth Guard Pleads Guilty to Beating an Inmate | Crime
ATLANTA (AP) - Federal Prosecutors say a fourth Georgia corrections officer has pleaded guilty to his role in the beating of an inmate at Macon State Prison.
Officials said Thursday that 26-year-old Kadarius Thomas, a former supervisor at the prison in Oglethorpe, pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice. Authorities say Thomas admitted to escorting an inmate to a gymnasium where he was attacked by several other Correctional Emergency Response Team officers.
Prosecutors say the inmate was attacked because he previously assaulted a prison supervisor.
Officials say Thomas knew the inmate was injured and followed a supervisor's order to leave out any reference to unjust use of force in any incident reports.
Thomas, of Americus, faces up to 20 years in prison. A deputy warden and seven corrections officers were indicted in the assault.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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WACO, TX — Curves International Inc.'s partnership with American Specialty Health Inc. could earn its members $500 just for working out.
Participants in the Curves' Exercise Rewards Program, which became available at the beginning of the year, will be eligible to receive a cash reward of $50 to $500 for completing up to 120 workouts at the Curves of their choice within a one-year period. Members record their workouts in a logbook that is signed by a Curves staff member or through tracking reports provided by the Curves facility.
American Specialty Health provides benefit, affinity discount, health education and wellness programs to health plans, insurance carriers, employee groups and trust funds nationwide.


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Implementing a WCF service firewall part I of N
Implementing a WCF service firewall part I of N
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One of the SOA patterns I already described is the Service Firewall. The idea behind the service firewall is to have an intermidiator between the actual service and callers and inspect in an applicative level incoming and outgoing messages.
Anyway, while I documented the pattern as a security one, I am actually going to implement it for another purpose - a saga filter.
In our implementation of EventBroker I made the design decision to have services expose regular WCF contract. i.e. services can communicate with each other directly and not just via eventing. This design decision is there to allow both interaction with non WCF services and to allow flexibility for multiple message exchange pattern (where events are not the best choice).
Another design decision we have is that we have two types of services. Servers and Channels. Servers handle multiple sessions and are (relatively) heavy to write. Channels on the other hand are light-weight services that are stateful and dedicated for a specific session. Naturally there are a lot of instances of channels to allow supporting multiple sessions (and there are infrastructure bits to allow allocations and propagate liveliness etc. but that's another story). Channels have several benefits like increasing the systems capabilities to cope with failure (if a channel is down only the session it supported fails). One of the benefits of Channels is simple coding model. The Channel is dedicated to a session (typically a saga) and thus it doesn't have to handle all the routing of messages to sagas etc. that Servers have to cope with. This is where the Service Firewall comes to play.
In order to keep channels' code simple "someone" has to make sure the channel doesn't get messages that are not related to the saga it is part of. Otherwise the Channel will have to know about its current active saga and filter messages by itself - which kind of misses the point.
Making sure other services will not send messages while not in saga etc. will only take us so far (you know - latencies and stuff). A service firewall will let us intercept the messages before they reach the service and only allow the messages related to an active saga to pass through (while maintaining the benefits of direct contracts).
WCF has a rich extensibility model (see figure from MSDN below). This series will show how you can use some of these extension points to implement a service firewall and achieve the goal depicted above. I hope you'd find it interesting.
Published at DZone with permission of Arnon Rotem-gal-oz , DZone MVB. See the original article here.
Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own.


text:
I was attracted to the Pentecostal/Charismatic movement since my conversion to the faith in the early seventies. My hometown contained one of the bigger charismatic preachers, Lester Sumrall, who was preaching at seventeen and turned world missionary at 20. I was attracted to the idea of working miracles and excercising spiritual gifts, like tongues. I spent 3 years in a leading charismatic church in San Jose, CA in the eighties, spoke in tongues, and even slain in the spirit one time. That experience was interesting. Even though I went down, I was fully conscience. My body had all this electrical energy going thru it and I did not want to get up.
Even though the experience was real and interesting, it was not 'life-changing' at all. Even back then I was kind of a freethinker and did not completely fit in the mold of charismatic or christian. Then watching the shennanagins of Jim and Tammy Baker, Jimmy Swaggart, and a few others, I lost interest in the movement and started looking elsewhere for truth. When I see a 'real' miracle, maybe I'll be convinced. Miracles are interestingly missing from most charismatic churches. No resurrections that I know of are being performed by anyone. Which, according to their own teaching, should be taking place. O, well.
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At this time of year, it seems we are contacted by more and more parents that have an 18 year old or a 17 year old that is almost 18. If you have been struggling with your younger teen and like many of us, keep hoping and praying it will change, take a moment to think about if it doesn't. Don't miss opportunities to give your child a second chance for a bright future. Whether it is local therapy, a motivational program or a Boarding School, as parents we do what is best for our kids.
"My 18 year old is out of control and I am at my wit's end! What can I do?" Anonymous Parent.
18 – 19 year old teens can be the most difficult to address simply because they are considered adults and cannot be forced to get help. As parents, we have limited to no control. Practicing "Tough Love" is easier said than done, many parents cannot let their child reach rock bottom. As parents, we see our child suffering whether it is needing groceries or a roof over their head and it is hard to shut the door on them.
I think this is one of the most important reasons that if you are a parent of a 16-17 year old that is out-of-control, struggling, defiant, using drugs and alcohol, or other negative behavior I believe it is time to look for intervention NOW. I am not saying it needs to be a residential treatment center or a program out of the home, but at least start with local resources such as therapists that specialize with adolescents and preferable offer support groups.
It is unfortunate that in most cases the local therapy is very limited how it can help your teen. The one hour once a week or even twice, is usually not enough to make permanent changes. Furthermore getting your defiant teen to attend sessions can sometimes cause more friction and frustrations than is already happening in the home.
This is the time to consider outside help such as a Therapeutic Boarding School or a Residential Treatment Center. However these parents with the 18-19 year old teenagers may have usually missed their opportunity. They were hoping and praying that at 16 or 17 things would change, but unfortunately, if not addressed, the negative behavior usually escalates.
In the past 12+ years I have heard from thousands of parents and most are hoping to get their child through high school and will be satisfied with a GED. It is truly a sad society of today's teens when many believe they can simply drop out of school. Starting as early as 14 years old, many teens are thinking this way and we need to be sure they know the consequences of not getting an education.
Education in today's world should be our children's priority however with today's peer pressure and entitlement issues, it seems to have drifted from education to defiance being happy just having fun and not being responsible.
I think there are many parents that debate whether they should take that desperate measure of sending a child to a program and having them escorted there but in the long run you need to look at these parents that have 18-19 year olds that don't have that opportunity.
While you have this option, and it is a major decision that needs to be handled with the utmost reality of what will happen if things don't change. The closer they are to 18 the more serious issues can become legally. If a 17+ year old gets in trouble with the law, in many states they will be tried as an adult.
This can be scary since most of these kids are good kids making very bad choices and don't deserve to get caught up the system. As a parent I believe it is our responsible not to be selfish and be open to sending the outside of the home. It is important not to view this as a failure as a parent, but as a responsible parent that is willing to sacrifice your personal feelings to get your child the help they need.
At 18, it is unfortunate, these kids are considered adults – and as parents we basically lose control to get them the help they need. In most cases, if they know they have no other alternatives and this is the only option the parents will support, they will attend young adult programs that can offer them life skills, emotional growth, education and more to give them a second opportunity for a bright, successful future.
Do you need help finding young adult life skills programs? Contact us at www.helpyourteens.com.
Parent's Universal Resource Experts www.helpyourteens.com
Sue Scheff www.suescheff.com
Wit's End Book www.witsendbook.com


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Douglas, the county seat of Coffee County, incorporated in 1895. The city remembers Stephen A. Douglas, Abraham Lincoln's famed opponent in the pivotal 1860 presidential election.
Historic sites in Douglas include the Coffee County Bank, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the Veterans Memorial and Museum. Visitors can also take a driving tour of the downtown historical district.
Douglas is home to South Georgia College, a two-year unit of the University System of Georgia, the state's first publicly supported junior college.


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Please note that all the examples in this series have been tested only with Oracle 10g. I didn't really test them with all the previous versions of Oracle. I suggest you refer to the documentation of the respective version you are using, if any of the programs failed to execute.
What is Named Notation?
When we pass parameter values to a PL/SQL program, we are passing parameter values using positional notation. That means the first value goes to the first parameter, second to the second parameter and so on. What If I want the first value to go to the second parameter, the second value to the third parameter, the third value to the first parameter, and so on? This is where the concept of named notation comes in.
Using named notation, you can pass the values of parameters in any order you want regardless of the position. The following is a sample program:
procedure dispEmp(p_sal emp.sal%type, p_deptno emp.deptno%type) is
for r_emp in (select ename from emp where sal > p_sal and deptno = p_deptno)
end loop;
dispEmp(p_sal => 1000, p_deptno => 10);
dispEmp(p_deptno => 10, p_sal => 1000);
I hope the procedure 'dispEmp' is quite understandable. The only issue on which we need to concentrate is the statements in the main program. The first statement is as follows:
The above statement is straightforward. The 1000 gets into 'p_sal' and the 10 gets into 'p_deptno'. This is positional notation. Based on the position, the respective parameter name gets chosen. The next statement is as follows:
dispEmp(p_sal => 1000, p_deptno => 10);
The above statement explicitly says that 1000 has to be assigned to 'p_sal' and 10 has to be assigned to 'p_deptno'. This is named notation. In the named notation, we need to specify parameter names (even though it is not that necessary in the above statement). The next statement is as follows:
dispEmp(p_deptno => 10, p_sal => 1000);
The above statement explicitly says that 10 has to be assigned to 'p_deptno' and 1000 has to be assigned to 'p_sal'. This is also named notation. But it will not give any error and in all three cases, the result would be the same. You can observe that I changed the order according to my requirement.
{mospagebreak title=What are Parameter Default values?}
This is almost similar to the DEFAULT clause you use with column definition. If you don't provide any value to the column, the DEFAULT value is chosen to replace null automatically. In the same manner, we can design our parameters to the sub-programs in a very flexible manner. We can provide DEFAULT values to the parameters. That means the parameter values are not compulsory. But if we send parameter values, parameters get bound to those values. Let us consider the following program.
procedure dispEmp(p_sal emp.sal%type := 0, p_deptno emp.deptno%type := null) is
if p_deptno is null then
for r_emp in (select ename from emp where sal > p_sal)
end loop;
for r_emp in (select ename from emp where sal > p_sal and deptno = p_deptno)
end loop;
end if;
dispEmp(p_deptno => 20);
Even though the above program is bit lengthy, it is actually very easy to understand. If you observe the declaration of procedure, it is something like the following:
procedure dispEmp(p_sal emp.sal%type := 0, p_deptno emp.deptno%type := null) is
The above declaration says that 'p_sal' should be considered 0 when no value is provided. Similarly 'p_deptno' should be considered null when no value is provided for it.
The above statement states that 'p_sal' should be treated as 1000 and 'p_deptno' should be treated as 10.
The above statement states that 'p_sal' should be treated as 2000 and 'p_deptno' should be treated as null.
dispEmp(p_deptno => 20);
The above statement states that 'p_sal' should be treated as 0 and 'p_deptno' should be treated as 20. If you observe the above statement carefully, without the named notation, it is impossible to send the value only to 'p_deptno'.
{mospagebreak title=What are STORED PROCEDURES?}
The procedures which get stored within the database can be called STORED PROCEDURES. In the past few articles, we worked with several procedures within the PL/SQL program. The PL/SQL program is automatically lost from memory once you close your SQL*Plus or iSQL*Plus (unless you save it in an SQL file).
Now we shall see how to store procedures in the database to make them STORED PROCEDURES. Let us consider the following program:
create or replace procedure dispEmp as
cursor c_emp is
select ename, sal from emp;
for r_emp in c_emp
dbms_output.put_line(r_emp.ename || ',' || r_emp.sal);
end loop;
Make sure that you are not actually executing the procedure in the above program. You are just asking the Oracle database to accept and store this new procedure 'dispEmp' into its database. That is why you will get a message along the lines of 'Procedure successfully Created'.
The above created a procedure successfully inside the database. Now, how do we execute it? There exists a separate command 'execute' exclusively dedicated to executing stored procedures. The command to execute the above stored procedure would be the following:
Execute dispEmp;
This causes the stored procedure 'dispEmp' to be executed successfully. Now, how do we execute the above stored procedure from another PL/SQL? The following shows how to do it.
That's it. Very simple. There exist no declarations within the above PL/SQL program. The only issue is that we need to call an existing stored procedure. We need not use the command 'Execute' here, as it is an SQL command.
Now wherever you carry your database, the STORED PROCEDURES also come along with the database!
{mospagebreak title=What are STORED FUNCTIONS?}
I hope you can understand the STORED FUNCTIONS by now. The FUNCTIONS which get stored inside the database are called STORED FUNCTIONS. The concept is very similar to that of STORED PROCEDURES. Let us see an example for stored functions:
create or replace function getDname(p_empno emp.empno%type) return varchar2 is
v_dname dept.dname%type;
select dname into v_dname
from dept
where deptno = (select deptno from emp
where empno = p_empno);
return v_dname;
The above function receives an 'empno' as a parameter and returns the employee's department name. Now, how do we execute the stored function? You cannot execute a function through the 'execute' statement of SQL. Instead you can use it directly with the SELECT statement as follows:
SELECT getDname(7369) FROM dummy;
The above SQL statement should return you 'RESEARCH' as the result. What is 'dummy'? It is a default table which gets installed automatically when you install Oracle (unless anyone deletes it). The primary use of 'dummy' is to provide calculations within the SELECT statement. As the scope of this article is limited to PL/SQL, I will not go in depth about the 'dummy' table.
Now, can we use the above function without using a dummy table? The answer to this question is yes. You can use it just like a pre-defined function (like TO_UPPER, TO_DATE and so on) within any SQL statement. The following example demonstrates this.
select empno,ename, getDname(empno) as deptname from emp;
The output of the above query would be all employee numbers, names and department names from the table 'emp' (without using any join). That is the beauty of stored function. You can use stored functions to hide any huge complex calculations and just use it on the fly using any SQL command (of course generally DML commands).
{mospagebreak title=PACKAGE and PACKAGE BODY}
A package is a single unit containing several stored sub-programs. Even a package itself gets stored inside the database (along with all of its sub-programs). Basically any package in Oracle has two parts, namely the package specification and the package body.
The package specification contains the definition or specification of all the elements in the package that may be referenced outside of the package. These are called the public elements of the package. Like the module, the package specification contains all the code that is needed for a developer to understand how to call the objects in the package. A developer should never have to examine the code behind the specification (which is the body) in order to understand how to use and benefit from the package. The package specification does not contain any executable statements or exception handlers. A specification only specifies, or declares, those objects in the package that are public — that is, visible outside of the package and callable by other programs.
The body of the package contains all the code behind the package specification: the implementation of the modules, cursors, and other objects. The body may also contain elements that do not appear in the specification. These are called private elements of the package. A private element cannot be referenced outside of the package, since it does not appear in the specification.
The body of the package resembles a standalone module's declaration section. It contains both declarations of variables and the definitions of all package modules. The package body may also contain an execution section, which is called the initialization section because it is only run once, to initialize the package.


text:
Archival Ink
by Ranger
Manufactured with fade-resistant dyes in a non-toxic, acid free, waterproof system. Won't deteriorate paper or photos, and won't bleed when painted over with watercolors or water based markers. Smudge resistant. All 24 colors are available in a #0 standard 2 1/2 in. x 3 3/4 in. pads and 0.5 oz. reinker bottles. There are nine colors available in a #3 jumbo 5 in. x 6 1/2 in. size pad.
All 24 colors are available in a #0 standard 2 1/2 in. x 3 3/4 in. pads and 0.5 oz. reinker bottles. There are nine colors available in a #3 jumbo 5 in. x 6 1/2 in. size pad.
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SXSW is no stranger to hip-hop, but this year, the red Solo cup truly runneth over. Jay-Z kicked things off on Monday, and the likes of Kanye West, 50 Cent, and Snoop Dogg followed suit.
And when a short week is so full of topline rap stars, sacrifices have to be made. Last night, for instance, provided quite the conundrum: Lil Wayne or T.I.? Their sets threatened to overlap, so a pros and cons list was in order.
Pros: Tip had the fresh-blooded MCs Wale and B.oB. opening for him; Weezy promised to bring along worthy vets Mystikal and Busta Rhymes.
Cons: T.I. and Lil Wayne.
In the end, though, it came down to one element: surprise factor. A top-of-the-game dude like Wayne is liable to pull hot acts like Nicki Minaj or Drake or, be still my beating heart, Rick Ross out of his jeggings. And since this was just one day after missing Kanye West and Big Sean's surprise pop-up (poor 2 Chainz, by the way!), I knew I'd never forgive myself if I missed a potential Roman Zolanski appearance.
The event — a showcase for Lil Wayne's Young Money/Cash Money umbrella group, held at a very crowded Austin Music Hall — also doubled as the official launch party for "DEWeezy," the rapper's nebulous new partnership with Mountain Dew. Don't worry, you won't ever have to drink DEWeezy because DEWeezy's not a liquid — I don't think.
Actually, despite all the hype and hashtags, I still had no idea what exactly was being launched at the show. Is it a clothing line? Or perhaps DEWeezy is a way of life? Is it DONDA?
But when Wayne finally hit the stage last night, it became sort of apparent: it's skateboarding-based community building. The screaming, shorts-clad Louweezyiana rapper ran out clutching (not riding, mind you) his own skateboard, setting the tone for the evening. Check it out in the video below:
"Life is a lot like skateboarding," Wayne informed the audience during his performance, which featured as much music as it did Mountain Dewist ideology (not to mention Weezy pretending to drink the neon-green soda on stage).
"The first few times you try kickflipping," he continued, "you'll fall. But you'll always get back up." Or something like that.
The show itself was… fine. No, there weren't any oh-snap cameos waiting in the wings. Wayne simply coasted through his hourlong set by playing new standards like "A Milli" and pretty much any song he's ever done with Drake, because Weezy's a smart guy who knows where the zeitgeist is. Also, what the attention span of our youth today is: Nearly every song was either worked into a medley or given a single one-verse shout-out.
In the hey-ladies portion of the evening, Weezy obligingly took his shirt off to deliver "She Will" and "How to Love" in his signature sultry squeak. He also offered his numbered, three-pronged outlook on life:
#1 I believe in God
#2 I ain't s— without you
#3 And the most important thing is: I. Ain't. S—. Without. You.
But was it better s— than the T.I. show? Sadly, we'll never know.
Read more:
Ed Sheeran, A$AP Rocky bring two different types of hip-hop flavor to MTVU Woodies at SXSW
SXSW: Crowd goes crazy for Lionel Richie, doesn't know who The-Dream is
Kimbra, Alabama Shakes, Sharon Van Etten highlight Wednesday night at SXSW
Fiona Apple returns to the stage with new songs at SXSW


text:
The Radiocommunication Assembly, RA-2000 (Istanbul, May 2000) admitted participation of Associates in the activities of the ITU-R Sector and decided on the rights of Associates in ITU-R.
Admission of Associates in their activities is the decision of the ITU-R Sector, Assembly or Conference.
In the event of discontinuation of the Study Group in which the Associate participates, the Associate could participate in another Study Group of its choice prior to any denunciation on its part.
Associates may take part in the process of preparing Recommendations within a single Study Group, including the roles of participating in meetings, submitting contributions and providing comments before the adoption of Recommendations, if any.
Associates shall be granted access to all Study Group documentation in their chosen Study Group and other Study Groups as required by the work programme.
Associates shall not be involved in voting for, or approval of, Questions and Recommendations.


text:
Watch how to make this recipe.
Special equipment: Newspaper, 1 tablespoon vegetable oil, natural lump charcoal, chimney starter
Wrap the steak in a single layer of paper towels and put on a cooling rack set inside a half sheet pan. Refrigerate 24 hours. Discard the paper towels, rewrap and return to the refrigerator, on the rack, for 3
days. Change the paper towels again if it becomes damp and sticks to the steak.
An hour before cooking, remove the steak from the refrigerator and remove the paper towels. Thirty minutes before cooking, sprinkle the steak on both sides with the kosher salt.
Spritz 2 pieces of newspaper with the vegetable oil and put in the bottom of a charcoal chimney starter. Light a pound of natural lump charcoal in the chimney on the cooking grate of a kettle grill. Burn the coals for 11 to 15 minutes, or until all pieces are ashen and have decreased to a single layer of charcoal with several holes through which you can see.
Carefully shake the chimney to knock any ash off the coals. Pick up the chimney and use tongs to brush away any coals or ash on the grate. Lay the steak on the grate where the chimney was. Put the chimney over the steak and cook for 1 1/2 minutes. Watch for coals that may fall out of the chimney onto the steak and remove immediately.
Remove the chimney, flip the steak, and replace the chimney for another 1 1/2 minutes. Put a cooling rack on top of the chimney during this time to heat.
Remove the steak from under the chimney and put on the cooling rack. Cover with a medium metal mixing bowl and cook for 1 minute. Watch for flare-ups from the chimney and remove the whole cooling rack as necessary. Flip the steak, recover with the bowl and cook for an additional 1 minute. Remove the steak from the chimney and rest on the cooling rack set inside a clean half sheet pan, uncovered, for 5 minutes. Transfer to a cutting board and slice. Arrange the slices on serving plates and serve.


text:
Yep. Like this:IVhorseman wrote:What I can't figure out is if, with the whole automatically hit in melee thing, a minifig armed with a minifig-sized CC weapon with their other hand open (as opposed to holding a shield, their only other option) is allowed to grab and stab his opponents for automatic hits?
IVhorseman: Grab (successful unless opponent Counters or Bails)
Opponent: Counter (if Counterattack, automatically hits)
IVhorseman: Attack (automatically hits)
Opponent: Counter (if Counterattack, automatically hits)
So there's no real reason not to grab an unarmed opponent.
I'm also thinking that regardless of your size or the size of your arms, as long as the grabber is at least as big as the grabbee, the cost for breaking free is a simple -1d6" movement penalty. Smaller things wiggle free, larger things power out, it all evens out to -1d6" for simplicity's sake. And of course Knockback can also work to break any grab, regardless of size relations.


text:
Right-hander Jason Hammel took the first major step toward returning to the Orioles in September, throwing from a mound Friday for the first time in nearly four weeks and feeling no discomfort in his right forearm.
"It went real well, 44 pitches and command of all pitches. It felt great," said Hammel, who hasn't pitched in a game since losing to the Boston Red Sox on July 28. "I felt the extension that I was looking for that I didn't have before. So, outstanding."
Diagnosed with a strain of the flexor mass in is right arm, Hammel has had difficulty getting full extension on his delivery, which particularly affected his slider. He said that was only an initial concern Friday, when he threw roughly 30 pitches from the stretch and the rest from the windup.
"In the back of my head I was thinking about it," Hammel said. "But after the first couple I was like, '[The pain's] not there, it's good. So I'm good to go.'"
Hammel, the club's Opening Day starter who is 7-8 with a 5.20 ERA in 21 starts this year, will throw about 60 pitches during a mound session Sunday. If he's pain-free, he likely will begin a minor league rehabilitation assignment Wednesday or Thursday with the goal of returning to the Orioles by the first or second week of September.
"Hopefully," Hammel said when asked if Sept. 8-10 would be a realistic return. "Hopefully before that, that'd be great."
Orioles manager Buck Showalter said he expects Hammel will need to make at least two rehab appearances before returning to the majors, and the first will definitely be a start. After that, he could be used in the bullpen in a rehab outing and when he returns to the majors — something Hammel did toward the end of the 2011 season while with the Colorado Rockies.
"I would think, for sure, his first appearance there would be as a starter. Just to make sure he starts an inning and gets time to warm up and all that for sure," Showalter said. "And then also there's things that could change up here which dictates that he needs to come back in a certain role."
Showalter left open the possibility that Hammel could return before Sept. 1 — to help in the bullpen — if a need arises and he is healthy and ready. He wouldn't be stretched out for a start that soon.
"Ham's got some things going for him. He's healthy coming back, we think," Showalter said. "If you look at him, history-wise, before we acquired him he really pitched well for Colorado, the last month of the season. At that time it was out of the bullpen, so it opens up some possibilities both ways for us. That gives us a lot of confidence that he's got a chance to pitch well for us in whatever capacity the rest of the way."
Hammel just wants to come back.
"The fewer [rehab appearances] the better," he said. "I don't want to be doing too much work in the minor leagues. I'd rather save my bullets for up here."
** How popular has Orioles slugging first baseman Chris Davis become this year?
His scheduled autograph signing from noon to 1 p.m. Friday at the AT&T store in Columbia was absolutely packed. Some fans stayed overnight in the parking lot Thursday night — as if it were a rock concert — and it was estimated that more than 500 people attended the event. Davis had agreed to autograph items for at least 200 people in the hour, but he signed for over 300, the club estimated.
One teenage girl was so excited to meet the majors' home run leader that she was hyperventilating by the time she reached Davis. He joked later that he wanted to hug her for her support but was afraid that wouldn't help the situation.
** Showalter said that the team's trade of Freddy Garcia to the Braves was more of an ethical decision by the front office to give the veteran right-hander an opportunity to pitch in the major leagues again. Garcia, who was pitching for Triple-A Norfolk, didn't appear to be among the pitchers who were going to receive a September call-up to the Orioles when rosters expand.
"Freddy's going to be in the big leagues for them, and we weren't sure that that's where we were going to go — for sure," Showalter said. "I think he deserved that opportunity. Now, if we're playing the Braves in the World Series and he's sticking it to us, we'll probably regret it. But, in the long run, this is what's best for Freddy and his career, and I applaud Dan [Duquette] and the organization for doing it the way they did it."
** Showalter also announced that Scott Feldman will be available out of the bullpen tonight and possibly tomorrow in as an extra reliever, but if he doesn't pitch, he will start Sunday's series finale against Oakland.
The Oakland Athletics have shifted their rotation for the series, removing lefty Tommy Milone, who was scheduled for Saturday. Instead, right-hander Jarrod Parker will pitch Saturday against Chris Tillman and rookie right-hander Sonny Gray will pitch Sunday against Feldman.
** The Orioles are offering 50 percent discounts on all tickets for Saturday, Sunday and the Sept. 5-8 series at home against the Chicago White Sox for fans who make a $10 donation to the American Heart Association. For more details, visit www.orioles.com/aha.


text:
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text:
Aside from fighting the preposterous leyenda negra by attempting to bring back the Spanish language in order to redeem our Filipino Identity, I have another advocacy: environmentalism. But so much has been written about it already. Any views from me will be a mere drop of water in a filled bucket. All I can say is this: much of the Philippines before, especially during the supposedly "exploitation-filled" Spanish times, was a haven for nature fauna and flora. This beauty inspired the creativity of many a poet and artist. But many of these natural wonders today are either gone or polluted. All this in the name of capitalism inspired by US WASP greed and avarice.
The desecration of our natural resources is a major factor for my travels. My travels are fueled not solely by my passion to search for traces of our country's Hispanic past, nor are they spurred exclusively by a responsibility to document maltreated Fil-Hispanic heritage sites. I feel an urge to visit our country's natural wonders because I fear that one day, any time soon, these natural wonders will soon disappear. Or that they might meet the same fate as the Pásig River or once lush forests that are now commercial centers. That is why I keep on taking pictures of beautiful sceneries. Those photos are for my children. When they grow up and these natural beauties are gone, they would still be able to see them, at least through my eyes in all the pictures that I took.
I fear not for myself but for my children. Let me just borrow a few lines (written in original Tagalog spelling) from Filipino folk band Asin to explain this fear:
Ang mğa batang ñgayón lang isinilang,
¿May hañguin pa cayáng matiticmán?
¿May mğa puno pa cayá siláng aaquiatín?
¿May mğa ilog pa cayáng lalañguyán?
Right now, it's not enough to be simply "environmental" in order to save our natural resources. Protecting the environment nowadays is not just about throwing one's waste in a designated trash bin or turning off electrical appliances that are not in use. It is not just about tree planting events. This is not just about hating illegal logging. Environmentalism is something that "needs to be done", and without harming the economy.
The keyword here is . The International Institute for Sustainable Development explains this much better:
All definitions of sustainable development require that we see the world as a system—a system that connects space; and a system that connects time.
When you think of the world as a system over space, you grow to understand that air pollution from North America affects air quality in Asia, and that pesticides sprayed in Argentina could harm fish stocks off the coast of Australia.
And when you think of the world as a system over time, you start to realize that the decisions our grandparents made about how to farm the land continue to affect agricultural practice today; and the economic policies we endorse today will have an impact on urban poverty when our children are adults.
We also understand that quality of life is a system, too. It's good to be physically healthy, but what if you are poor and don't have access to education? It's good to have a secure income, but what if the air in your part of the world is unclean? And it's good to have freedom of religious expression, but what if you can't feed your family?
The concept of sustainable development is rooted in this sort of systems thinking. It helps us understand ourselves and our world. The problems we face are complex and serious—and we can't address them in the same way we created them. But we can address them.
Click here and here for more information about sustainable development.
Act now.


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A GRAMMY Valentine
The year's most romantic holiday seemed an appropriate opportunity to look at a select list of romantic duets honored by the GRAMMY Awards through the years. Covering country, pop, R&B, and even folk and hip-hop, duets have the kind of natural appeal that crosses genres and generations. Whether they combine stars of the highest magnitude or artists who simply make magic together they tend to have a lasting impact on the listener.
"That Old Black Magic," Louis Prima And Keely Smith
This fizzy recording was the signature song by the husband-and-wife team, whose high-energy nightclub act made them Las Vegas favorites. It won a GRAMMY for Best Performance By A Vocal Group Or Chorus in 1958, the first year of the awards. Prima and Smith performed the song in the 1958 movie Senior Prom. Harold Arlen and Johnny Mercer wrote the song for the 1943 movie Star Spangled Rhythm. It earned an Oscar nomination under the title "Black Magic." Big band leader Glenn Miller had the first big hit with the song. Sammy Davis Jr. revived it in 1955.
"If I Were A Carpenter," Johnny Cash And June Carter
The legendary husband-and-wife team had eight country hits, but this was the only one to cross over to the pop chart. This duet made the Top 40 in early 1970, when Cash had a weekly variety series on CBS. The couple brought a warm, informal tone to the Tim Hardin song, which Bobby Darin had popularized in 1966. The hit, which was featured on Cash's album Hello, I'm Johnny Cash, won a GRAMMY for Best Country Vocal Performance By A Duo Or Group in 1970. Cash and Carter had previously won for 1967's "Jackson."
"After The Fire Is Gone," Conway Twitty And Loretta Lynn
This was the first of 14 country hits that these country legends recorded together. The ballad won Best Country Vocal Performance By A Duo Or Group in 1971. It marked Lynn's first GRAMMY and the only one for Twitty. Another country legend, Owen Bradley, produced the traditional country track, which appeared on their album We Only Make Believe. More than 30 years later, Lynn won a GRAMMY for a collaboration with a very different type of artist, Jack White. Their song "Portland Oregon" won Best Country Collaboration With Vocals.
"Where Is The Love," Roberta Flack And Donny Hathaway
These two great singers have perfect chemistry on this bittersweet song about a couple whose romance is at the breaking point. The song, from their hit album Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway, was one of six chart hits for the pair. Joel Dorn and Arif Mardin co-produced the single, which was voted Best Pop Vocal Performance By A Duo, Group Or Chorus in 1972. This and "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" brought Flack her first two GRAMMYs. This was Hathaway's only GRAMMY. He took his own life in 1979.
"That Lovin' You Feelin' Again," Roy Orbison And Emmylou Harris
This graceful ballad appeared in the movie Roadie, which starred Meat Loaf. It was voted Best Country Performance, Duo Or Group in 1980. (Surprisingly, it marked the first GRAMMY for Orbison.) Both singers went on to win GRAMMYs for subsequent collaborations. Orbison won for a pairing with k.d. lang on his classic "Crying" and for the all-star Traveling Wilburys project. Harris won twice for recordings with Dolly Parton and Linda Ronstadt.
"Guilty," Barbra Streisand And Barry Gibb
Streisand has recorded duets with such stars as Neil Diamond, Celine Dion and Donna Summer, but this was the only one to win a GRAMMY. This slinky recording won Best Pop Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal in 1980. Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb co-wrote the song, which was featured on Streisand's smash album of the same name. It's closer to the Bee Gees' hit sound than to Streisand's usual ballad style, but she rose to the occasion, demonstrating her versatility. Gibb also co-produced the album, which spawned a second duet hit, "What Kind Of Fool."
"I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)," Aretha Franklin And George Michael
The Queen of Soul and the prince of MTV teamed for this scorching duet, which was featured on Franklin's 1986 album Aretha. The smash won Best R&B Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal in 1987. It was the first GRAMMY for Michael, who won Album Of The Year the following year for Faith. The video includes stills of two earlier pairings, Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell, and Sonny and Cher — choices that reflect this record's multiformat appeal. The song's success helped its producer, Narada Michael Walden, win the 1987 GRAMMY for Producer Of The Year.
"(I've Had) The Time Of My Life," Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes.
This vibrant recording helped make Dirty Dancing a hit movie, a smash soundtrack and an enduring phenomenon. The song won an Oscar as well as a GRAMMY for Best Pop Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal in 1987. Warnes had won in the same category five years earlier for "Up Where We Belong," a duet with Joe Cocker from An Officer And A Gentleman. Dirty Dancing was set in 1963, which is the same year that Medley first hit the chart as one-half of the Righteous Brothers. This is his only GRAMMY to date.
"I'm In The Mood," John Lee Hooker Featuring Bonnie Raitt
Hooker had a No. 1 R&B hit with this song in 1951. Nearly 40 years later, Raitt teamed with him to remake it for his all-star album The Healer. Their version was voted Best Traditional Blues Recording in 1989. It marked the first GRAMMY win for both artists. (Raitt won three other awards that year for her album Nick Of Time.) Both artists have since won GRAMMYs for collaborations with other artists. Raitt won for 1991's "Good Man, Good Woman," a pairing with Delbert McClinton. Hooker won for 1997's "Don't Look Back," a collaboration with Van Morrison.
"Makin' Whoopee," Dr. John With Rickie Lee Jones
This lighthearted duet appeared on Dr. John's album In A Sentimental Mood. The track won Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Duo Or Group in 1989. This was Dr. John's first GRAMMY. He and Jones capture the song's amorous and impish spirit. Their rendition gained wider exposure in 1993 when it was featured in the hit movie and soundtrack Sleepless In Seattle. Eddie Cantor introduced the song in the 1928 Broadway musical "Whoopee!" Ray Charles revived it in 1965.
"Don't Know Much," Linda Ronstadt Featuring Aaron Neville
Bill Medley and Bette Midler had both charted with this ballad, but it took this pairing to turn it into a smash. The track won for Best Pop Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal in 1989. It was Neville's first GRAMMY (along with another award that same year for the Neville Brothers). Ronstadt and Neville won again the following year for "All My Life." Both songs appeared on Ronstadt's album Cry Like A Rainstorm — Howl Like The Wind. "Don't Know Much" was co-produced by Peter Asher (that year's GRAMMY winner for Producer Of The Year) and Steve Tyrell.
"Unforgettable," Natalie Cole With Nat "King" Cole
This ultraromantic ballad garnered wins for Record Of The Year and Best Traditional Pop Performance in 1991. It was featured on Natalie's Unforgettable With Love, which was voted Album Of The Year. Nat's vocals were dubbed from a 1961 recording. (He had first recorded the song in 1951.) David Foster produced this velvety recording, which helped him win a GRAMMY for Producer Of The Year (Non-Classical). Natalie encored five years later with a recording of her father's 1957 classic '"When I Fall In Love," which also featured Nat's vocals. It won a GRAMMY for Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals.
"Beauty And The Beast," Celine Dion And Peabo Bryson
This elegant ballad, written by Howard Ashman and Alan Menken, won an Oscar as well as a GRAMMY for Best Song Written Specifically For A Motion Picture Or For Television. Angela Lansbury performed the song in the movie. This pop version played over the end credits. Both versions were featured on the soundtrack. The Dion/Bryson version was voted Best Pop Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal in 1992. It marked the first GRAMMY for both artists. Bryson won in the same category the following year with another movie theme duet, "A Whole New World (Aladdin's Theme)," which he sang with Regina Belle.
"I'll Be There For You/You're All I Need To Get By," Method Man Featuring Mary J. Blige
This influential recording blended hard-edged rap with old-school R&B. It won for Best Rap Performance By A Duo Or Group in 1995. The smash grew out of the track "All I Need," which appeared on Method Man's 1994 album Tical, his first apart from Wu-Tang Clan. Producer RZA created the hit remix. Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell introduced "You're All I Need To Get By" in 1968. Another blue-chip team, Nick Ashford and Valerie Simpson, wrote the song. This was the first GRAMMY for Blige, who has gone on to win for collaborations with Sting, Aretha Franklin and Chaka Khan.
"Dilemma," Nelly Featuring Kelly Rowland
This smash, which still sounds fresh, was voted Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2002. The song borrowed heavily from Patti LaBelle's 1984 R&B hit "Love, Need And Want You," so it was fitting that LaBelle had a cameo in the video as Rowland's mom. This marked the first GRAMMY for Nelly (along with an award that same year for "Hot In Herre," another track from his sophomore album, Nellyville). Rowland had previously won three GRAMMYs for her work with Destiny's Child. The two reunited in 2011 for "Gone."
"A Wonderful World," Tony Bennett And k.d. lang
This was the title track of an album-length collaboration that won Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album in 2003. Near the end of the song, Bennett tips his hat to Louis Armstrong, who introduced the song in 1967. Bennett and lang have a long history of collaborations. They teamed to sing "Moonglow" on his 1994 album MTV Unplugged; "Because Of You" on his first duets album, 2006's Duets: An American Classic; and "Blue Velvet" on his 2011 album Duets II. In addition, both singers have won GRAMMYs for duets with other partners. Lang won for a 1988 pairing with Roy Orbison; Bennett for a 2006 collaboration with Stevie Wonder.
"Crazy In Love," Beyoncé (Featuring Jay-Z)
Beyoncé's solo career got off to an explosive start with this smash, which won Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2003. It borrows the horn hook from the Chi-Lites' 1970 R&B hit "Are You My Woman? (Tell Me So)." "Crazy In Love" appeared on Beyoncé's first solo album, Dangerously In Love, which won Best Contemporary R&B Album. "Crazy In Love" was the second of four pairings by Beyoncé and Jay-Z to hit the chart. In 2008 they took their collaboration to the next level by getting married.
"My Boo," Usher And Alicia Keys
This tender duet won a GRAMMY for Best R&B Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocals in 2004. It was added to a deluxe edition of Usher's blockbuster album Confessions, which was voted Best Contemporary R&B Album. Usher is featured on an edgy, rock-accented opening, but the song really comes alive when the two singers join forces. Keys' plaintive vocal enhances the song's emotional power. This valentine is just right for the hip-hop generation: it's warm and melodic but not at all gooey.
"Please Read The Letter," Robert Plant And Alison Krauss
This rootsy ballad won Record Of The Year in 2008. It was one of the highlights of Raising Sand, the unlikely pairing of rock idol Plant and country/bluegrass star Krauss. The album brought the pair a total of six GRAMMYs, including Album Of The Year and Best Contemporary Folk/Americana Album. T Bone Burnett's spare production adds to the song's impact. The song first appeared on the 1998 album Walking Into Clarksville, which Plant recorded with his former Led Zeppelin cohort Jimmy Page.
"Lucky," Jason Mraz And Colbie Caillat
Mraz and Caillat are known for mellow songs such as "I'm Yours" (his) and "Bubbly" (hers), and this duet couldn't be mellower. The serene ballad about being in love with your best friend won Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals in 2009. (Remarkably, Caillat had a second teaming in the running, "Breathe," which she recorded with Taylor Swift.) The song appeared on Mraz's album We Sing. We Dance. We Steal Things. Mraz and Mexican singer Ximena Sariñana later recorded a Spanish-language version of the song.
(Paul Grein, a veteran music journalist based in Los Angeles, writes the weekly Chart Watch column for Yahoo.com.)


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Game versus Appalachian State will be a memorable night for all
Fans who have purchased season or individual game tickets will receive a commemorative ticket along with a ticket holder provided by Citizen's Bank and Wyndham Vacation Resorts. Aramark will also be giving out soccer stress balls throughout the game. Students who are members of Buc Wild will be able to enjoy free food at the Buc Wild tent during the game. For questions about joining Buc Wild call 439-5286.
It will also be "Club Night", as admission is free for all club soccer teams throughout the region. Teams with players in the 9th grade and up will need to fax a team roster to Sara Hacker of the marketing and promotions department. Questions can be answered by the marketing and promotions department at 439-5283.
Some of the special events include a "special delivery" of the game ball by the ETSU Army ROTC, while the ROTC will also have a vehicle display for fans to enjoy. In addition, ETSU President Dr. Paul E. Stanton Jr., ETSU Director of Intercollegiate Athletics Dave Mullins and men's soccer head coach Scott Calabrese will make a special pregame presentation as the official game ball will be presented to Mullins, and a special autographed game jersey will be presented to Dr. Stanton.
As always the men's soccer team will be available for autographs following the game on the south end of the stadium.
Please visit www.ETSUBucs.com for more information on men's soccer or any of the other Buccaneer athletic teams.


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The celebration of Bethel College's 125th year continued with the 2012 Menno Simons Lectures, Oct. 28 through 30 at Bethel.
Keith L. Sprunger, author of the newly published "Bethel College of Kansas 1887-2012" will be this year's speaker for four sessions 7:30 p.m. on Oct. 28, Oct. 29, and Oct. 30 and 11 a.m. for convocation.
All lectures are in Krehbiel Auditorium of the Fine Arts Center, are free, and open to the public.
In his final presentation, Sprunger recognizes the publication of two other Kansas Mennonite college histories in the past five years. Rather than following a strict lecture format, the Oct. 30 session, titled "Writing the History of Kansas Mennonite Colleges — Comparative Views" is a panel discussion with John Sharp of Hesston College and Richard Kyle of Tabor College.
Kyle, Tabor College professor of history was one of four coauthors of "Tabor College: A Century of Transformation, 1908-2008," along with Peggy Goertzen, Lynn Jost, and David Peters.
Opportunity for questions and discussion will follow the presentation of each lecture.


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Israel News - Stay Informed, Pray Informed
Glad tidings of Israel's hi-tech boom and miraculous economic advancements have not brought good will for all men. In the promised land of milk and honey, one in four Israelis still live in poverty, according to last week's report by the National Social Security Institute.
With more than 400,000 families falling below the poverty line, Israel has the second-highest poverty rate in the developed world, behind only Mexico, according to statistics from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD.
The Israeli government defines poverty in this case as a family or individual that has an annual income of less than USD $9,500. Incredibly, one in every five Israeli families somehow manage to live on a mere USD $791 a month. By comparison, an American family of four is considered poor when their annual income is below USD $23,283.
It was these kinds of economic hardships that drove hundreds of thousands of Israelis to the streets in protest two years ago. The severe socio-economic inequalities in Israel became a key factor in last year's election, but sadly little has been done to relieve the extreme poverty of so many families struggling to make ends meet.
In a failed attempt to preempt political fallout over the distressing Social Security report, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu finally appointed a new commission to kick-start promised socio-economic changes. However, he did not specify what exactly these changes would entail or who would benefit, and public tempers are on the rise once again. More strikes and protests are now brewing and will surely be putting even more heat on Netanyahu's fragile government.
Since the government is either unable or unwilling to help, a number of new nonprofit organizations in Israel have initiated programs to support poor families. Many are run by the Haredim (Orthodox Jewish), and some Christian organizations are also increasing their support for the poor in Zion. But much more needs to be done.
Poor families in Jerusalem have been hardest hit by the recent storms and ongoing frigid temperatures of Israel's coldest winter in living history. Some are still without food or electricity. What a great opportunity for Christians around the world to share a little warmth and love with a needy family in Israel for the Holiday Season.
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FMCSA Declares Lynette's Limousine Service to Be an Imminent Hazard to Public Safety, Orders Company to Immediately Shut Down
WASHINGTON - The U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) has ordered Wilmington, Mass.-based Lynette's Limousine Service, Inc. (USDOT No. 1711396) to immediately cease all operations, declaring that its vehicles and drivers pose an imminent hazard to public safety. Lynette's Limousine Service operates a fleet of 20 vehicles consisting of limousines, stretch limousines, specialty vans, a motor coach and other vehicles for hire in interstate commerce.
"Passengers on limousines, vans and buses, as well as every traveler on the road with them, deserve to reach their destination safely. "We will not allow vital safety requirements that protect the motoring public to be ignored," said U.S. Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx. Companies that disregard basic rules and jeopardize safety will not be allowed to operate."
The shut-down order announced today follows an investigation by a team of specially trained FMCSA safety investigators established in April to conduct intensified, "quick strike" investigations of high-risk passenger carriers.
Federal investigators found that Lynette's Limousine Service failed to systematically and properly inspect, repair or maintain its vehicles and allowed vehicles that had failed safety inspections to transport passengers. Investigators also found that company owners failed to monitor and ensure that its drivers complied with hours-of-service requirements, dispatched unqualified drivers to transport passengers and failed to ensure drivers complied with controlled substances and alcohol use testing regulations. A copy of the imminent hazard out-of-service order can be viewed at www.fmcsa.dot.gov/documents/about/news/2013/LynettesLimousineService.pdf.
"When it comes to safety, there is no cutting corners," said FMCSA Administrator Anne S. Ferro. "We will continue to take immediate action to shut down companies that put the traveling public at risk. Safety is paramount."
This action becomes the 15th out-of-service order issued by FMCSA since the deployment in April 2013 of more than 50 "Operation Quick Strike" safety investigators targeting high-risk passenger carriers.
In the past three months, FMCSA has also revoked the operating authority of nine additional bus companies following compliance review investigations that resulted in an "unsatisfactory" safety rating.
Since the beginning of 2013, FMCSA has issued out-of-service orders to a total of 22 bus companies and nine trucking companies. The agency has also declared seven commercial driver's license holders as imminent hazards, blocking them from operating in interstate commerce.
As part of FMCSA's work to make safety data readily available to the traveling public, the SaferBus mobile app gives bus riders a quick and free way to review a bus company's safety record before buying a ticket or booking group travel. The SaferBus app, available for iPhone, iPad and Android phone users, can be downloaded for free by visiting FMCSA's "Look Before You Book" webpage at www.fmcsa.dot.gov/saferbus.
Travelers planning a bus trip are also encouraged to think safety first before buying a ticket or chartering a bus by using FMCSA's multilingual passenger carrier safety checklist at: http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety-security/pcs/Index.aspx.
FMCSA urges consumers and whistleblowers to report any unsafe bus company, vehicle or driver to the agency through a toll free hotline 1-888-DOT-SAFT (1-888-368-7238) or FMCSA's consumer complaint web site: http://nccdb.fmcsa.dot.gov/HomePage.asp.
Consumers who bought a ticket on a bus company that FMCSA has recently placed out-of-service may be entitled to a credit from their credit card company under the Fair Credit Billing Act if they paid for the ticket by credit card. For more information visit: http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety-security/pcs/bus-credit-refund.aspx.


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South Africa: Fear the Strong Dollar
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The dollar is rallying--and that could be bad news for South Africa.
According to strategists at Pavilion Global Markets a stronger dollar is likely to cause U.S. investors to bring their money home, hurting developing nations that depend on foreign dollars to fund imbalances--and South Africa is their poster child. They write:
...it seems that South Africa has it all: 1) a lending boom that is coming to an end; 2) a precarious external position; 3) deteriorating terms of trade and income trends; and 4) negative real policy rates. Again, this makes South Africa a prime candidate for sharp outflows on stronger-than-expected U.S. growth trends and a strengthening of the U.S. dollar. In our opinion, this will weigh on the country's stocks and on the currency.
The stronger dollar will also hit gold prices, impacting South Africa's terms-of-trade.
...the trend in the gold price (which is negatively impacted by U.S. real rates) is now becoming negative. For South Africa, this is a big deal – and the country has already started to feel the pain from this.
These forces are already at play. Some South African financial-services companies, for instance, have taken it on the chin: African Bank Investments (AFRVY), which was the targeted by David Stemerman of Conatus Capital Management at the Sohn Investment Conference this week, has dropped 33.5% so far this year, and Absa Group (AGRPY) has dropped 7.7%.
Gold miners, too, have been hit as gold prices have fallen. Just today, Gold Fields (GFI) announced earnings that disappointing investors, sending its stock down 1.5% to $6.74, and has plunged 38% so far this year. Harmony Gold Mining (HMY), meanwhile, has fallen 49% in 2013, and AngloGoldAshanti (AU) has dropped 40%.
All told, the iShares MSCI South Africa Index ETF (EZA) has fallen 9.1% in 2013. It's scary to think it could get worse.


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Tuesday, July 31, 2007
Collective Code Ownership Discourages The Blame Game
A lot of workplace dysfunction involves blame. We call it the blame game because it isn't really about blame, it's about getting out of doing stuff. If it's not your fault, you don't have to fix it, right?
Collective code ownership can discourage that kind of dysfunction.
The blame game operates on the principle of social proof. If everybody agrees X is to blame, then it's X's fault. Collective code ownership makes tracking mistakes easier, because more people know what the code looks like from the inside. Social proof is still at work, but it's social proof which originates in analysis of the code base, rather than social proof which originates in subjective impressions of clothing style, body language, or tone of voice.
It's important to realize that the blame game's pathetic, whether you win or lose. People who take responsibility and do good work want to be rewarded for that. They don't want to take responsibility, do good work, and then maybe get lucky and win a popularity contest. If keeping good people is a goal in your organization, collective code ownership is one way to achieve that goal.
3 comments:
So, why exactly would collective code ownership stop "the blame game"? You danced around it but never explained why.ReplyDelete
Collective code ownership does help make it everyone's responsibility to fix a problem. However, if I've wasted a day fixing problems I didn't create, I'll know very well who caused those problems and I'm afraid I'll be blaming them, and I'll be further upset that they're not learning from their mistakes by correcting them.
It stops being a game. When people don't know where the problem came from, they can pin it on anyone. When people do know where the problem came from, it's not a blame game, it's just whoever messed up messed up. It doesn't prevent people from messing up, it just makes scapegoating and BSing harder to do.ReplyDelete
Also - it doesn't actually prevent the blame game - it just discourages it.
I think the blame game comes from an irrational fear of repercussions. When things go wrong, who gets in trouble? The reality is that as programmers we don't/shouldn't get in trouble that often. For an extreme example, if I leave some hole in the app that allows someone to delete all of our data, what happens to me? I'm not getting fired, that's for sure. We've got backups, so it's a giant pain but not catastrophic, and my employer loses my valuable understanding of the system.ReplyDelete
The next harshest punishment is so far behind being fired that I think we can discount it. Maybe you have to pair more often with a more experienced developer, maybe there are more code audits...and then you realize that those aren't punishments at all, but are in fact good practices.
When you understand that personal consequences of mistakes aren't severe or likely, you have no need to play the blame game.
I don't think that collective code ownership has any inherent benefits, but as you said it discourages the blame game a bit more. Ultimately though it's about creating the right culture, having a team of developers that take pride in their product and their ability to work together. If people don't have the right mindset to begin with, collective code ownership will only make things worse by discouraging people from taking any responsibility at all.


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Stana Katic of 'Castle'
Stana Katic stars as NYPD Det. Kate Beckett on ABC's "Castle." She was born to a Croatian mother and a Serbian father in Winona, Ontario, Canada (near Toronto), but as a youngster moved to Aurora, Ill., where her parents ran a furniture store. After graduating from West Aurora High School in 1996, she studied acting at the Goodman School of Drama in Chicago.
Bob D'Amico / ABC
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