text:
Untitled Document
Search :
Art dictionary
Financial dictionary
Hollywood dictionary
Insurance dictionary
Literature dictionary
Real Estate dictionary
Tourism dictionary
in the body in which excessive acid lowers the pH of the
and body tissues.
Not normal. Deviating from the usual structure, position, condition, or behavior. In referring to a growth, abnormal may mean that it is cancerous or premalignant (likely to become cancer).
The term "condition" has a number of biomedical meanings including the following: 1.An unhealthy state, such as in "this is a progressive condition." 2.A state of fitness, such as "getting into condition." 3.Something that is essential to the occurrence of something else; essentially a "precondition." 4.As a verb: to cause a change in something so that a response that was previously associated with a certain stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus; to condition a person, as in behavioral conditioning.
The life-maintaining fluid which is made up of plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets; blood circulates through the body's heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries; it carries away waste matter and carbon dioxide, and brings nourishment, electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, and oxygen to the tissues.
Acid Activations, Amino
The first step of protein synthesis, whereby an amino acid reacts with adenosine triphosphate in the presence of aminoacyl RNA synthetase to produce an amino acid adenylate, which provides the energy necessary for the attachment of the amino acid to a specific transfer RNA molecule.
Acid Agents, gamma-Aminobutyric
Substances used for their pharmacological actions on GABAergic systems. GABAergic agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.
Acid Agonists, gamma-Aminobutyric
Drugs that bind to and activate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA).
Acid Amino Acid Ligases
Enzymes that catalyze the joining of an acid and an amino acid by the formation of a carbon-nitrogen bond. EC 6.3.2.
Acid Ammonia Ligases
Enzymes that catalyze the joining of either ammonia or an amide with another molecule, in which the linkage is in the form of a carbon-nitrogen bond. EC 6.3.1.
Acid Anhydride Hydrolases
A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of diphosphate bonds in compounds such as nucleoside di- and tri-phosphates, and sulfonyl-containing anhydrides such as adenylylsulfate. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.6.
Acid Antagonists, Folic
Inhibitors of the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE), which converts dihydrofolate (FH2) to tetrahydrofolate (FH4). They are frequently used in cancer chemotherapy. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)
Acid Antagonists, gamma-Aminobutyric
Drugs that bind to but do not activate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID or GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID agonists.
Acid Aspiration Syndromes
A type of pneumonia resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper respiratory tract.
Acid Base Equilibrium
The balance between acids and bases in the blood plasma. Normally it results in a slightly alkaline state with an excess of hydroxyl ions in comparison to hydrogen. The balance is achieved by the offset of the ingestion and production of acidic and basic material by the amount of acidic and basic material metabolized and excreted by the body.
Acid Base Imbalance
Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.
Acid beta Glucosidase
A glycosidase that hydrolyzes a glucosylceramide to yield free ceramide plus glucose. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to abnormally high concentrations of glucosylceramide in the brain in GAUCHER DISEASE. EC 188.8.131.52.
Acid beta-Glycerophosphatase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 188.8.131.52.
Acid Bisdimethylamide, Diazodicarboxylic
A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.
Acid Carboxy-Lyase, 2-Oxo
Catalyzes the decarboxylation of an alpha keto acid to an aldehyde and carbon dioxide. Thiamine pyrophosphate is an essential cofactor. In lower organisms, which ferment glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide, the enzyme irreversibly decarboxylates pyruvate to acetaldehyde. EC 184.108.40.206.
Acid Ceramidase
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a ceramidetrihexoside to a ceramidedihexoside plus galactose. EC 126.96.36.199.
Acid Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors
Exogenous and endogenous compounds which inhibit CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.
Acid Decarboxylase, Glutamic
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the alpha-decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to form gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The enzyme is found in bacteria and in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in determining GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in normal nervous tissues. The brain enzyme also acts on L-cysteate, L-cysteine sulfinate, and L-aspartate. EC 22.214.171.124.
Acid Deficiency, Folic
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)
Acid Dehydratase, delta-Aminolevulinic
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of porphobilinogen from two molecules of 5-aminolevulinic acid. EC 18.104.22.168.
Acid Denaturations, Nucleic
Disorganization of secondary structures of nucleic acids through cleavage of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic linkages. Denatured DNA appears to be a single-stranded flexible structure. The effects of denaturation on RNA are similar though less pronounced and largely reversible.
Acid deposition
A complex chemical and atmospheric phenomenon that occurs when emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds and other substances are transformed by chemical processes in the atmosphere and then deposited on earth in either wet or dry form. The wet forms, popularly called acid rain, can fall to earth as rain, snow, or fog. The dry forms are acidic gases or particulates.
Acid Diethylamide, Lysergic
Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.
Acid DNase
Enzymes which catalyze the hydrolases of ester bonds within DNA. EC 3.1.-.
Acid Esters, Phosphoric
Organic esters of phosphoric acid.
Acid Etching, Dental
Pretreatment of tooth surfaces with etching agents, usually phosphoric acid, to increase the adhesion of various resin systems.
Acid Heteroduplexes, Nucleic
Double-stranded nucleic acid molecules (DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA) which contain regions of nucleotide mismatches (non-complementary). In vivo, these heteroduplexes can result from mutation or genetic recombination; in vitro, they are formed by nucleic acid hybridization. Electron microscopic analysis of the resulting heteroduplexes facilitates the mapping of regions of base sequence homology of nucleic acids.
Acid Hybridizations, Nucleic
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503; Dorlands, 28th ed, p781)
Acid Hydrase, 9,10-Epoxypalmitic
Enzymes that catalyze reversibly the formation of an epoxide or arene oxide from a glycol or aromatic diol, respectively. EC 220.127.116.11.
Acid Hydrazide, Maleic
1,2-Dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione. A herbicide and plant growth regulator; also used to control suckering of tobacco. Its residue in food and tobacco is highly toxic, causing CNS disturbances and liver damage.
Acid Hydroperoxides, Fatty
Peroxides produced in the presence of a free radical by the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell in the presence of molecular oxygen. The formation of lipid peroxides results in the destruction of the original lipid leading to the loss of integrity of the membranes. They therefore cause a variety of toxic effects in vivo and their formation is considered a pathological process in biological systems. Their formation can be inhibited by antioxidants, such as vitamin E, structural separation or low oxygen tension.
Acid indigestion
Excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach cells. Medically known as hyperchlorhydria. Sometimes used interchangeably with heartburn. See also: Heartburn.
Acid Isomerases, Amino
Enzymes that catalyze either the racemization or epimerization of chiral centers within amino acids or derivatives. EC 5.1.1.
Acid Lipase B
An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 18.104.22.168.
Acid Maltase
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residues successively from non-reducing ends of polysaccharide chains with the release of beta-glucose. It is also able to hydrolyze 1,6-alpha-glucosidic bonds when the next bond in sequence is 1,4. EC 18.104.22.168.
Acid Maltase Deficiency Disease
An autosomal recessively inherited glycogen storage disease caused by GLUCAN 1,4-ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE DEFICIENCY. Large amounts of GLYCOGEN accumulate in the LYSOSOMES of skeletal muscle (MUSCLE, SKELETAL); HEART; LIVER; SPINAL CORD; and BRAIN. Three forms have been described: infantile, childhood, and adult. The infantile form is fatal in infancy and presents with hypotonia and a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CARDIOMYOPATHY, HYPERTROPHIC). The childhood form usually presents in the second year of life with proximal weakness and respiratory symptoms. The adult form consists of a slowly progressive proximal myopathy. (From Muscle Nerve 1995;3:S61-9; Menkes,Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp73-4)
Acid Modulators, gamma-Aminobutyric
Substances that do not act as agonists or antagonists but do affect the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA-A) appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which benzodiazepines act by increasing the opening frequency of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride channels; a site at which barbiturates act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act. General anesthetics probably act at least partly by potentiating GABAergic responses, but they are not included here.
Acid Oxidoreductases, Amino
A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids. EC 1.4.-.
Acid phosphatase
Acid phosphatase is an enzyme that works under acid conditions and is made in the liver, spleen, bone marrow and the prostate gland. Abnormally high serum levels of the enzyme may, for example, indicate prostate disease (infection, injury, or cancer).
Acid Phosphate Fluoride
A sodium fluoride solution, paste or powder, which has been acidulated to pH 3 to 4 and buffered with a phosphate. It is used in the prevention of dental caries.
Acid Polyester, Glycolic-Lactic
A polyester used for absorbable sutures & surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons.
Acid Polymers, Methacrylic
Poly-2-methylpropenoic acids. Used in the manufacture of methacrylate resins and plastics in the form of pellets and granules, as absorbent for biological materials and as filters; also as biological membranes and as hydrogens. Synonyms: methylacrylate polymer; poly(methylacrylate); acrylic acid methyl ester polymer.
Acid Precursors, Nucleic
Use for nucleic acid precursors in general or for which there is no specific heading.
Acid Probes, Nucleic
Nucleic acid which complements a specific mRNA or DNA molecule, or fragment thereof; used for hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms and for genetic studies.
Acid Proteases
A sub-subclass of ENDOPEPTIDASES that depend on an ASPARTIC ACID residue for their activity. EC 3.4.23.
Acid rain
Rain resulting from the combination of fossil fuel emissions and water in the atmosphere. The environmental effects of acid rain include the acidification of lakes and streams, damage to trees at high altitude, the acceleration of decay in buildings and poorer air quality. Acid rain also poses serious human health risks by contributing to heart and lung disorders such as asthma and bronchitis. Acid rain can be reduced by the regulation of industrial emissions and the adoption of energy efficiency alternatives and pollution prevention programs. Acid rain is a form of acid deposition.
Acid Rains
Acidic water usually pH 2.5 to 4.5, which poisons the ecosystem and adversely affects plants, fishes, and mammals. It is caused by industrial pollutants, mainly sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted into the atmosphere and returning to earth in the form of acidic rain water.
Acid Reductase, Folic
An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 7,8-dihyrofolate and NADPH to yield 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and NADPH+, producing reduced folate for amino acid metabolism, purine ring synthesis, and the formation of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Methotrexate and other folic acid antagonists used as chemotherapeutic drugs act by inhibiting this enzyme. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 220.127.116.11.
Acid reflux
A common condition and an abnormal one in which acid in the stomach rises up into the esophagus. This occurs because the valve separating the contents of the stomach from the esophagus does not function properly. See also: GERD.
Acid Renaturations, Nucleic
The reformation of all, or part of, the native conformation of a nucleic acid molecule after the molecule has undergone denaturation.
Acid Ribonuclease
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds within RNA. EC 3.1.-.
Acid Synthetase, delta-Aminolevulinic
An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes condensation of the succinyl group from succinyl coenzyme A with glycine to form delta-aminolevulinate. It is a pyridoxyl phosphate protein and the reaction occurs in mitochondria as the first step of the heme biosynthetic pathway. The enzyme is a key regulatory enzyme in heme biosynthesis and, in liver at least, is feedback inhibited by heme. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 18.104.22.168.
Acid Tests, Formiminoglutamic
A urine test for formiminoglutamic acid, an intermediate metabolite in L-histidine catabolism in the conversion of L-histidine to L-glutamic acid. It may be an indicator of vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency or liver disease.
Acid Thiol Ligases
Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.
Acid Thiol Proteinase
ENDOPEPTIDASES which have a cysteine involved in the catalytic process. This group of enzymes is inactivated by sulfhydryl reagents. EC 3.4.22.
Acid Transporters, Monocarboxylic
A family of proteins involved in the transport of monocarboxylic acids such as LACTIC ACID and PYRUVIC ACID across cellular membranes.
Acid, 1-Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic
An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.
Acid, 12-S-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic
A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)
Acid, 2 Aminoadipic
A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA).
Acid, 2,3-Diketogulonic
Metabolite of ASCORBIC ACID and the oxidized form of the lactone DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID.
Acid, 2-Aminoethylphosphonic
An organophosphorus compound isolated from human and animal tissues.
Acid, 2-Thiolpropionamidoacetic
Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of glycine used in treatment of liver diseases, as a detoxicant and in therapy of myopia.
Acid, 3-Caffeoylquinic
A naturally occuring phenolic acid which is a carcinogenic inhibitor. It has also been shown to prevent paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (From J Chromatogr A 1996;741(2):223-31; Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996;60(5):765-68).
Acid, 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric
An antilipemic agent which lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids. It acts by interfering with the enzymatic steps involved in the conversion of acetate to hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A as well as inhibiting the activity of HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES which is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.
Acid, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic
An oxidation product of trytophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.
Acid, 3-Mercaptopropionic
An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.
Acid, 3-Nitro-4-Hydroxyphenylarsonic
An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.
Acid, 3-Pyridinecarboxylic
A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.
Acid, 4-Aminobenzenearsonic
An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.
Acid, 4-Aminohippuric
The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.
Acid, 4-Chloromercuribenzoic
An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.
Acid, 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic
A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).
Acid, 5-Butyl-2-pyridinedicarboxylic
A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.
Acid, 5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic
A keto derivative of proline. Elevated levels of pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid are often associated with problems of glutamine or glutathione metabolism. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Acid, 5alpha-Isomer Deoxycholic
A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.
Acid, 6-Aminohexanoic
An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.
Acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic
A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Acid, 9-Octadecenoic
An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
Acid, 99mTc-Diethyliminodiacetic
A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in humans.
Acid, 99mTc-Dimercaptosuccinic
A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex.
Acid, all-trans-Retinoic
An important regulator of gene expression, particularly during growth and development and in neoplasms. Retinoic acid derived from maternal vitamin A is essential for normal gene expression during embryonic development and either a deficiency or an excess can be teratogenic. It is also a topical dermatologic agent which is used in the treatment of psoriasis, acne vulgaris, and several other skin diseases. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia.
Acid, alpha-Lipoic
A vitamin-like antioxidant that acts as a free-radical scavenger.
Acid, Amidotrizoic
A versatile x-ray contrast medium for diagnostic radiology. It can be administered by most routes.
Acid, amino
One of the 20 building blocks of protein. The sequence of amino acids in a protein and, hence, the function of that protein are determined by the genetic code in the DNA. Amino acids are molecules that (in technical terms) contain a basic amino (NH2) group, an acidic carboxyl (COOH) group and a side chain attached to an alpha carbon atom. The 20 amino acids are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine.
Acid, Aminoacetic
A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Acid, Aminobutyric
Aliphatic four carbon acids substituted in any position(s) with amino group(s). They are found in most living things. The best known is GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID.
Acid, Aminocaproic
A group of compounds that are derivatives of aminohexanoic acids.
Acid, Aminolevulinic
A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis.
Acid, Aminooxoacetic
Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.
Acid, Aminooxyacetic
A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.
Acid, Aminopropylaminoethylthiophosphoric
A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.
Acid, Aminosalicylic
A group of 2-hydroxybenzoic acids that can be substituted by amino groups at any of the 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-positions.
Acid, Amoxycillin-Clavulanic
A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate (see AMOXICILLIN), an aminopenicillin, and potassium clavulanate (see CLAVULANIC ACID), a beta-lactamase inhibitor, used to treat a broad-spectrum of bacterial infections, especially resistant strains.
Acid, Antimony Gluconic
Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis.
Acid, Apurinic
Hydrolysate of DNA in which purine bases have been removed.
Acid, Argininosuccinic
This amino acid is formed during the urea cycle from citrulline, aspartate and ATP. This reaction is catalyzed by argininosuccinic acid synthetase.
Acid, Ascorbic
A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
Acid, Aspartic
One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.
Acid, Atractylic
A highly toxic glycoside isolated from Atractylis gummifera and other thistles. It inhibits mitochondrial translocase. Its inhibitory action blocks oxidative phosphorylation of adenosine nucleotides through mitochondrial membranes.
Acid, Aureolic
A tricyclic pentaglycosidic antibiotic from Streptomyces strains that inhibits RNA and protein synthesis by adhering to DNA. It is used as a fluorescent dye and as an antineoplastic agent, especially in bone and testicular tumors. Plicamycin is also used to reduce hypercalcemia, especially that due to malignancies.
Acid, Aurin Tricarboxylic
A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.
Acid, Azetidinecarboxylic
A proline analog that acts as a stoichiometric replacement of proline. It causes the production of abnormal proteins with impaired biological activity.
Acid, Azolinic
Synthetic antimicrobial related to oxolinic and nalidixic acids and used in urinary tract infections.
Acid, Benzoaric
A fused four ring compound occurring free or combined in galls. Isolated from the kino of Eucalyptus maculata Hook and E. Hemipholia F. Muell. Activates Factor XII of the blood clotting system which also causes kinin release; used in research and as a dye.
Acid, Benzoic
A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
Acid, Butyric
A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.
Acid, Cacodylic
An arsenical that has been used as a dermatologic agent and as an herbicide.
Acid, Canrenoic
A synthetic pregnadiene derivative with anti-aldosterone activity.
Acid, Carbolic
An antiseptic and disinfectant. It is active against a wide range of micro-organisms including some fungi and viruses, but is only slowly effective against spores. It has been used to disinfect skin and to relieve itching. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p801)
Acid, Catechuic
A antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.
Acid, Chenodeoxycholic
A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.
Acid, Chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic
A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.
Acid, Cholic
A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.
Acid, Chrysotropic
Plant growth factor derived from the root of Scopolia carniolica or Scopolia japonica.
Acid, Citric
A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.
Acid, Clodronic
A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.
Acid, Clofibrinic
An antilipemic agent and the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.
Acid, Dehydroascorbic
The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.
Acid, Deoxyursocholic
An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
Acid, Dichloroacetic
A derivative of acetic acid which increases the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase and rate of lipogenesis. It is used in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and medicine.
Acid, Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic
An iron chelating agent with properties similar to those of the edetates. (From Dorland, 28th ed) DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.
Acid, Digenic
(2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.
Acid, Dihomogammalinolenic
A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.
Acid, Dithionitrobenzoic
A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.
Acid, Edetic
A chelating agent (CHELATING AGENTS) that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.
Acid, Egtazic
A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID (EDTA).
Acid, Ethacrynic
A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracelluar fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.
Acid, Etodolic
A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with potent analgesic and antiarthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, ankylosing SPONDYLITIS, and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).
Acid, Excitatory Amino
Endogenous amino acids released by neurons as excitatory neurotransmitters. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Aspartic acid has been regarded as an excitatory transmitter for many years, but the extent of its role as a transmitter is unclear.
Acid, fatty
"One of many molecules that are long chains of lipid-carboxylic acid found in fats and oils and in cell membranes as a component of phospholipids and glycolipids. (Carboxylic acid is an organic acid containing the functional group -COOH.) Fatty acids come from animal and vegetable fats and oils. Fatty acids play roles outside the body; they are used as lubricants, in cooking and food engineering, and in the production of soaps, detergents, and cosmetics. Related terms include the following: Essential fatty acid: An essential fatty acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid needed by the body that is synthesized by plants but not by the human body and is therefore a dietary requirement. Free fatty acids: By-products of the metabolism of fat in adipose tissues. Omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids are a class of fatty acids found in fish oils, especially in salmon and other cold-water fish, that lowers the levels of cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoproteins) in the blood. (LDL cholesterol is the ""bad"" cholesterol.) Trans fatty acid:Trans fatty acids (trans fats) are made through hydrogenation to solidify liquid oils. They increase the shelf life of oils and are found in vegetable shortenings and in some margarines, crackers, cookies, and snack foods. Intake of trans fatty acids increases blood LDL-cholesterol (""bad"" cholesterol) levels and raises the risk of coronary heart disease."
Acid, Flufenamic
An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16)
Acid, Fluorhydric
Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.
Acid, Folic
A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.
Acid, Folinic
The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as its calcium salt as an antidote to folic acid antagonists which block the conversion of folic acid to folinic acid.
Acid, Formiminoglutamic
Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.
Acid, Fusidic
An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.
Acid, Gadopentetic
A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)
Acid, Gallic
A colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent.
Acid, Gallotannic
A lustrous powder, yellow to light-brown in color, that is found in tree bark (particularly oak), fruits, leaves, and tea. It is used medicinally as an astringent, commercially in tanning hides, and as a dye mordant. (Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984). It is also used as a histological fixative and stain.
Acid, gamma-Vinyl-gamma-Aminobutyric
An analogue of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE, the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
Acid, Gastric Hydrochloric
Hydrochloric acid present in GASTRIC JUICE.
Acid, Glucosaccharic
A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.
Acid, Glycerol Teichoic
Bacterial polysaccharides that are rich in phosphodiester linkages. They are the major components of the cell walls and membranes of many bacteria.
Acid, Glycochenodeoxycholic
A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.
Acid, Glycocholic
A bile salt that is usually used as the sodium salt. It is the glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
Acid, Glycodeoxycholic
A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
Acid, Glycyrrhetinic
3-beta-Hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. A product from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Leguminosae with some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation.
Acid, Glycyrrhizinic
A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to glycyrrhetic acid, which inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Acid, Glyoxalinylacrylic
4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.
Acid, Hexadecanoic
A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.
Acid, Hexadienoic
Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.
Acid, Hydrobromic
Hydrobromic acid (HBr). A solution of hydrogen bromide gas in water.
Acid, Hydrochloric
A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.
Acid, Hydrochloride gamma-Aminobutyric
The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Acid, Hydrocyanic
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.
Acid, Hydroxamic
A class of weak acids with the general formula R-CONHOH.
Acid, Hydroxyethylsulfonic
A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.
Acid, Ibotenic
A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.
Acid, Iduronic
Component of dermatan sulfate. Differs in configuration from glucuronic acid only at the C-5 position.
Acid, Iodoacetic
Iodoacetic acid and its salts and derivatives. Iodoacetic acid reacts with cysteine (-SH) groups to form a carboxymethylated protein and is used as an enzyme inhibitor in biochemical research.
Acid, Iodogorgoic
A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE).
Acid, Iodohippuric
An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodine, it can be used for studies of renal funtion.
Acid, Ioglycamic
A radiopaque medium. It is a mixture of its meglumine and sodium salts and is used to visualize the biliary tract.
Acid, Iopanoic
Radiopaque medium used as diagnostic aid.
Acid, Iothalamic
A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.
Acid, Isolithocholic
A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.
Acid, Isonicotinic
Heterocyclic acids that are derivatives of 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid (isonicotinic acid).
Acid, Ketoglutaric
A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)
Acid, Kynurenic
A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.
Acid, Lactic
A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Acid, Meclofenamic
A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.
Acid, Mefenaminic
A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.
Acid, Mersalyl
A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions.
Acid, Methylmalonic
A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.
Acid, Muramic
Compounds consisting of glucosamine and lactate joined by an ether linkage. They occur naturally as N-acetyl derivatives in peptidoglycan, the characteristic polysaccharide composing bacterial cell walls. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Acid, N-Acetylneuraminic
An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518)
Acid, N-Methyl-D-aspartic
An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).
Acid, Nafenoic
A peroxisome proliferator that is used experimentally to promote liver tumors. It has been used as an antihyperlipoproteinemic agent.
Acid, Nalidixic
A synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA gyrase.
Acid, Niflumic
An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Acid, Nitric
Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Acid, Nitrous
Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Acid, nucleic
"One of the molecules in the chromosomes of living cells and viruses that plays a central role in the storage and replication of hereditary information and in the expression of this information through protein synthesis. The two chief types of nucleic acids are:
Acid, Ocadaic
A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. (Thromb Res 1992;67(4):345-54 & Cancer Res 1993;53(2):239-41)
Acid, Oleanolic
Occurs in leaves of Olea europaea, Viscum album L., and other higher plants. It is also the aglycone component of many saponins.
Acid, omega-3-Eicosapentaenoic
Important polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families.
Acid, Osmic
(T-4)-Osmium oxide (OsO4). A highly toxic and volatile oxide of osmium used in industry as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as a histological fixative and stain and as a synovectomy agent in arthritic joints. Its vapor can cause eye, skin, and lung damage.
Acid, Oxalic
A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.
Acid, Oxolinic
Synthetic antimicrobial related to NALIDIXIC ACID and used in urinary tract infections.
Acid, Oxonic
Antagonist of urate oxidase.
Acid, p-Butoxyphenylacethydroxamic
An anti-inflammatory analgesic with antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.
Acid, pantothenic
Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5, one of the less well known B vitamins, perhaps because it is widely distributed in nature. Pantothenic acid is virtually ubiquitous. It is present in foods as diverse as poultry, soybeans, yogurt, and sweet potatoes. No naturally occurring disease due to a deficiency of pantothenic acid has been identified, due to the plentifulness of this vitamin. An experimental deficiency of pantothenic acid has, however, been created by administering an antagonist to pantothenic acid. This experiment produced disease, thereby demonstrating that pantothenic acid is essential to humans. Pantothenic acid was discovered in 1940.
Acid, Paraperiodic
A strong oxidizing agent.
Acid, Penicillanic
A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Acid, Penicillic
A mycotoxin with antibiotic and carcinogenic activity produced by various strains of Penicillium, by Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus melleus. Has been found in tobacco, sausages, and corn.
Acid, Perchloric
An oxidizing agent that is used in analytical chemistry for separation of potassium from sodium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Acid, Peroxynitrous
A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).
Acid, Phenylethylbarbituric
A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It promotes binding to inhibitory GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.
Acid, Phosphatidic
Fatty acid derivatives of glycerophosphates. They are composed of glycerol bound in ester linkage with 1 mole of phosphoric acid at the terminal 3-hydroxyl group and with 2 moles of fatty acids at the other two hydroxyl groups.
Acid, Phosphinic
Inorganic or organic derivatives of phosphinic acid, H2PO(OH). They include phosphinates and phosphinic acid esters.
Acid, Phosphonoacetic
A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.
Acid, Phosphotungstic
Tungsten hydroxide oxide phosphate. A white or slightly yellowish-green, slightly efflorescent crystal or crystalline powder. It is used as a reagent for alkaloids and many other nitrogen bases, for phenols, albumin, peptone, amino acids, uric acid, urea, blood, and carbohydrates. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Acid, Phytanic
A 20-carbon branched chain fatty acid. In phytanic acid storage disease (REFSUM DISEASE) this lipid may comprise as much as 30% of the total fatty acids of the plasma. This is due to a phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.
Acid, Phytic
Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.
Acid, Pimelic
A group of compounds that are derivatives of heptanedioic acid with the general formula R-C7H11O4.
Acid, Piperamic
Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.
Acid, Piromidic
Antibacterial against mainly gram negative organisms. It is used for urinary tract and intestinal infections.
Acid, Polyadenylic-Polyuridylic
A double-stranded polyribonucleotide comprising polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids.
Acid, Polyanhydroglucuronic
A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.
Acid, Pseudomonic
A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.
Acid, Pyruvic
An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Acid, Quinic
An acid which is found in cinchona bark and elsewhere in plants. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Acid, Ribonucleic
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Acid, Selenious
A selenium compound used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.
Acid, Taurochenodeoxycholic
A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
Acid, Taurodeoxycholic
A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.
Acid, Taurolithocholic
A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.
Acid, Technetium-99m-Diisopropyliminodiacetic
A radiopharmaceutical used extensively in cholescintigraphy for the evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases. (From Int Jrnl Rad Appl Inst 1992;43(9):1061-4)
Acid, Tenuazonic
3-Acetyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one. A metabolite found in a strain of the fungus Alternaria tenuis Auct. which functions as an antibiotic with antiviral and antineoplastic properties, and may also act as a mycotoxin.
Acid, Tetradecanoic
A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occuring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Acid, Thienylic
A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.
Acid, Thymidylic
5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.
Acid, Tranexamic
Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.
Acid, trans fatty
An unhealthy substance, also known as trans fat, made through the chemical process of hydrogenation of oils. Hydrogenation solidifies liquid oils and increases the shelf life and the flavor stability of oils and foods that contain them. Trans fat is found in vegetable shortenings and in some margarines, crackers, cookies, snack foods and other foods.
Acid, Trichloroacetic
A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.
Acid, Trifluoroacetic
A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.
Acid, Triiodobenzoic
Triiodo-substituted derivatives of BENZOIC ACID.
Acid, tRNA-Amino
A group of transfer RNAs which are specific for carrying each one of the 20 amino acids to the ribosome in preparation for protein synthesis.
Acid, Undecylenic
Salts and derivatives of undecylenic acid.
Acid, Uridine Diphosphoglucuronic
A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.
Acid, Urogranoic
A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.
Acid-base balance
Acid-base balance refers to the mechanisms the body uses to keep its fluids close to neutral pH (that is, neither basic nor acidic) so that the body can function normally.
Acid-Specific tRNA, Aspartic
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying aspartic acid to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Acid-Specific tRNA, Glutamic
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glutamic acid to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Acidemia, Hyperpipecolic
A heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic disorders marked by absent or dysfunctional PEROXISOMES. Peroxisomal enzymatic abnormalities may be single or multiple. Biosynthetic peroxisomal pathways are compromised, including the ability to synthesize ether lipids and to oxidize long-chain fatty acid precursors. Diseases in this category include ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; infantile Refsum disease; rhizomelic chondrodysplasia (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC); hyperpipecolic acidemia; neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy; and ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY (X-linked). Neurologic dysfunction is a prominent feature of most peroxisomal disorders.
Acidic Amino Acid
Amino acids with side chains that are negatively charged at physiological pH.
Acidic Amino Acid Transporters
Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting acidic amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, ACIDIC).
Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor
A 17 kD single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALING and is a potent inducer of ANGIOGENESIS. It binds to HEPARIN, which potentiates its biological activity and protects it from proteolysis. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages, and also has chemotactic and mitogenic activities. It was originally named acidic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from basic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2).
Acidic Glycosphingolipids
A subclass of GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS containing large polar heads made up of several sugar units. One or more of their terminal sugar units are bound to a negatively charged molecule at pH 7. Members of this class include: GANGLIOSIDES, uronoglycosphingolipids, SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS, phosphoglycosphingolipids, and phosphonoglycosphingolipids.
Acidic Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor
A pancreatic trypsin inhibitor common to all mammals. It is secreted with the zymogens into the pancreatic juice. It is a protein composed of 56 amino acid residues and is different in amino acid composition and physiological activity from the Kunitz bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (APROTININ).
A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)
Acidity Determinations, Gastric
Gastric analysis for determination of free acid or total acid.
Acidophilic Adenoma
A benign tumor, usually found in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, whose cells stain with acid dyes. Such pituitary tumors may give rise to excessive secretion of growth hormone, resulting in gigantism or acromegaly. A specific type of acidophil adenoma may give rise to nonpuerperal galactorrhea. (Dorland, 27th ed)
"Bacteria found in yogurt that can help restore a supportive bacterial environment to an intestinal tract whose normal intestinal bacterial population (""flora"") has been disturbed by disease or antibiotics. Eating yogurt with acidophilus may also be useful in preventing candidiasis (thrush), including in the vagina."
Acidosis, Diabetic
Complication of diabetes resulting from severe insulin deficiency coupled with an absolute or relative increase in glucagon concentration. The metabolic acidosis is caused by the breakdown of adipose stores and resulting increased levels of free fatty acids. Glucagon accelerates the oxidation of the free fatty acids producing excess ketone bodies (ketosis).
Acidosis, Lactic
Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as diabetes mellitus, leukemia, or liver failure.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular Type IV
Aldosterone deficiency, usually associated with hypoadrenalism, and characterized by hypotension, dehydration, and a tendency to excrete excessive amounts of sodium. A selective aldosterone deficiency resulting from low renin production is called hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type II
A rare sometimes familial disorder of the renal tubule characterized by the inability to excrete urine of normal acidity. This leads to a hyperchloremic acidosis which is often associated with one or more secondary complications such as hypercalcinuria with nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, rickets, or osteomalacia and severe potassium depletion.
Acidosis, Respiratory
Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.
Acids, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic
Salts and esters of gentisic acid.
Acids, 2-Butenoic
4-Carbon monounsaturated monocarboxylic acids with the unsaturation in the 2 position.
Acids, Acyclic
Carboxylic acids that have open-chain molecular structures as opposed to ring-shaped structures.
Acids, Adipic
A group of dicarboxylic acids that are structurally related to hexanedioic acid (adipic acid). (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Acids, Aldehydic
Dicarboxylic acids in which one of the carboxyl groups (-COOH) has been replaced by an aldehyde group (-CHO).
Acids, Alkanesulfonic
Sulfonic acid derivatives that are substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
Acids, Amino
Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.
Acids, Aminobenzenesulfonic
Aminobenzenesulfonic acids. Organic acids that are used in the manufacture of dyes and organic chemicals and as reagents.
Acids, Aminobenzoic
BENZOIC ACID substituted with an amino group. They can either be mono-, di-, or tri- substituted. Para-aminobenzoic acid (see 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID) is considered a member of the vitamin b complex.
Acids, Aminohippuric
A group of glycine amides of aminobenzoic acids.
Acids, Aminoisobutyric
A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid.
Acids, Anthranilic
Benzoic acids which are substituted with an amino group in the C-2 position.
Acids, Arachidic
20-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.
Acids, Arylsulfonic
Organic sulfonic acid derivatives which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical.
Acids, Benzoic
Acids, salts, and derivatives of BENZOIC ACID.
Acids, Bile
Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.
Acids, Boric
Inorganic and organic derivatives of boric acid either B(OH)3 or, preferably H3BO3.
Acids, Borinic
Inorganic or organic compounds that contain the general structure R2B(OH).
Acids, Boronic
Inorganic or organic compounds that contain the basic structure RB(OH)2.
Acids, Branched-Chain Amino
Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain.
Acids, Brassidic
cis-13-Docosenoic Acids. 22-Carbon monounsaturated, monocarboxylic acids.
Acids, Butyric
4-carbon acids, salts, and derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID.
Acids, Caffeic
A class of phenolic acids related to chlorogenic acid,p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, etc., which are found in plant tissues. It is involved in plant growth regulation.
Acids, Capric
10-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.
Acids, Carbocyclic
Carboxylic acids that have a homocyclic ring structure in which all the ring atoms are carbon.
Acids, Carboxylic
Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.
Acids, Cephalosporanic
A family of organic compounds that are composed of a dihydrothiazine ring and a beta-lactam ring.
Acids, Cholalic
The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.
Acids, Clavulanic
Acids, salts, and derivatives of clavulanic acid (C8H9O5N). They consist of those beta-lactam compounds that differ from penicillin in having the sulfur of the thiazolidine ring replaced by an oxygen. They have limited antibacterial action, but block bacterial beta-lactamase irreversibly, so that similar antibiotics are not broken down by the bacterial enzymes and therefore can exert their antibacterial effects.
Acids, Coumaric
Hydroxycinnamic acid and its derivatives. Act as activators of the indoleacetic acid oxidizing system, thereby producing a decrease in the endogenous level of bound indoleacetic acid in plants.
Acids, Cyclic Amino
A class of amino acids characterized by a closed ring structure.
Acids, Dihydrooleic
A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant fatty acids found in animal lipids. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Acids, Docosahexenoic
C22-unsaturated fatty acids found predominantly in FISH OILS.
Acids, Dodecanoic
12-Carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.
Acids, Essential Amino
Amino acids that are not synthesized by the human body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiological functions. They are obtained from dietary foodstuffs.
Acids, Essential Fatty
Long chain organic acid molecules that must be obtained from the diet. Examples are LINOLEIC ACIDS and LINOLENIC ACIDS.
Acids, Ethanedioic
Acids, salts, and derivatives of OXALIC ACID.
Acids, Formyltetrahydrofolic
Tetrahydrofolates which are substituted by a formyl group at either the nitrogen atom in the 5 position or the nitrogen atom in the 10 position. N(5)-Formyltetrahydrofolate is leukovorin (citrovorum factor) while N(10)-formyltetrahydrofolate is an active coenzyme which functions as a carrier of the formyl group in a number of enzymatic reactions.
Acids, Free Fatty
FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.
Acids, Glucuronic
Derivatives of uronic acid that are distributed widely throughout the plant and animal kingdoms.
Acids, Glutaminic
Salts and esters of glutamic acid.
Acids, Heptanoic
7-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.
Acids, Heterocyclic
A class of acids containing a ring structure in which atleast one atom other than CARBON is incorporated.
Acids, Hexuronic
Term used to designate tetrahydroxy aldehydic acids obtained by oxidation of hexose sugars, i.e. glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, etc. Historically, the name hexuronic acid was originally given to ascorbic acid.
Acids, Humic
Allomelanins found in soils, coals, and peat, resulting from the decomposition of organic matter, particularly dead plants. They are a mixture of complex macromolecules having polymeric phenolic structures with the ability to chelate metals, especially iron. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
Acids, Hydroxy
Organic compounds containing both the hydroxyl and carboxyl radicals.
Acids, Hydroxybenzoic
Benzoic acid substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring.
Acids, Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic
Eicosatetraenoic acids substituted in any position by one or more hydroxy groups. They are important intermediates in a series of biosynthetic processes leading from arachidonic acid to a number of biologically active compounds such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.
Acids, Indoleacetic
Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
Acids, Levulinic
Keto acids that are derivatives of 4-oxopentanoic acids (levulinic acid).
Acids, Linoleic
Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain two double bonds.
Acids, Lysophosphatidic
Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS that lack one of its fatty acyl chains due to its hydrolytic removal.
Acids, Mandelic
Analogs or derivatives of mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid).
Acids, Monounsaturated Fatty
Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position.
Acids, Myristic
14-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.
Acids, N-Acetylneuraminic
A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. They are ubiquitously distributed in many tissues.
Acids, Naphthaleneacetic
Naphthalene derivatives containing the -CH2CCO2H radical at the 1-position, the 2-position, or both. Compounds are used as plant growth regulators to delay sprouting, exert weed control, thin fruit, etc.
Acids, Neutral Amino
Amino acids with uncharged R groups or side chains.
Acids, Nicotinic
2-, 3-, or 4-Pyridinecarboxylic acids. Pyridine derivatives substituted with a carboxy group at the 2-, 3-, or 4-position. The 3-carboxy derivative (NIACIN) is active as a vitamin.
Acids, Noncarboxylic
Inorganic acids with a non metal, other than carbon, attached to hydrogen, or an acid radical containing no carbon.
Acids, Nucleic
High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages.
Acids, Oleic
A group of fatty acids that contain 16 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.
Acids, Palmitic
A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds.
Acids, Peptide Nucleic
DNA analogs containing neutral amide backbone linkages composed of aminoethyl glycine units instead of the usual phosphodiester linkage of deoxyribose groups. Peptide nucleic acids have high biological stability and higher affinity for complementary DNA or RNA sequences than analogous DNA oligomers.
Acids, Phenylpyruvic
A group of compounds that are derivatives of phenylpyruvic acid which has the general formula C6H5CH2COCOOH, and is a metabolite of phenylalanine. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Acids, Phosphinous
Inorganic acids that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule.
Acids, Phosphonic
Inorganic or organic derivatives of phosphonic acid with the general formula ROP(OH)2. This includes phosphonates and phosphonic acid esters. The tautomeric form of this compound (P(OH)3) = PHOSPHOROUS ACIDS.
Acids, Phosphoric
Inorganic derivatives of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Inorganic salts are known as PHOSPHATES and organic esters are PHOSPHORIC ACID ESTERS.
Acids, Phosphorous
Inorganic or organic derivatives of phosphorous acid (P(OH)3). Inorganic salts are known as PHOSPHITES. The tautomeric form of this compound (HPO(OH)2) = PHOSPHONIC ACIDS.
Acids, Phosphorus Amino
Amino acids that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule.
Acids, Phthalic
A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Acids, Polycytidylic
A group of cytosine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each cytosine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.
Acids, Polyguanylic
A group of guanine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each guanine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.
Acids, Polyinosinic
A group of inosine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each inosine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.
Acids, Polythymidylic
A group of thymine nucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each thymine nucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.
Acids, Polyunsaturated Fatty
FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds.
Acids, Polyuridylic
A group of uridine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each uridine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.
Acids, Propionic
3-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.
Acids, Prostanoic
2-Octylcyclopentaneheptanoic acids. The family of saturated carbon-20 cyclic fatty acids that represent the parent compounds of the prostaglandins.
Acids, Pteroylpolyglutamic
Derivatives of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid). In gamma-glutamyl linkage they are found in many tissues. They are converted to folic acid by the action of pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase or synthesized from folic acid by the action of folate polyglutamate synthetase. Synthetic pteroylpolyglutamic acids, which are in alpha-glutamyl linkage, are active in bacterial growth assays.
Acids, Salicylic
Derivatives and salts of SALICYLIC ACID.
Acids, Succinic
A class of dicarboxylic acids with the general structure of butanedioic acid (succinic acid). They are used in perfumery and as a chemical intermediate in medicine.
Acids, Sulfenic
Oxy acids of sulfur with the general formula RSOH, where R is an alkyl or aryl group such as CH3. They are often encountered as esters and halides. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Acids, Sulfinic
Any of the monobasic inorganic or organic acids of sulfur with the general formula RSO(OH). (From McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Acids, Sulfonic
Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical.
Acids, Sulfur
Inorganic or organic acids that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule.
Acids, Sulfuric
Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as SULFATES and SULFURIC ACID ESTERS respectively.
Acids, Thiosulfonic
Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the general formula RS2O2H.
Acids, Tricarboxylic
Organic compounds that are acyclic and contain three acid groups. A member of this class is citric acid which is the first product formed by reaction of pyruvate and oxaloacetate. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p443)
Acids, Uronic
Acids derived from monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (From Stedmans, 26th ed)
Abruptio (abruptio placentae)
Premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus. Abruption is a potentially serious problem both for the mother and baby.
A sudden breaking off or away. Abruption of the placenta (abruptio placentae) is the premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus, a potentially very serious situation for the mother and baby.
Commonly used slang for the abdominal muscles, the muscles running up and down in the abdominal wall. The "abs" contain the rectus abdominus muscle, "rectus" meaning straight."
To hold back or restrain. For example, to refrain from the use of drugs or alcohol, or from having sexual intercourse.
The process of getting used to a new climate or altitude.
Having to do with sound and hearing.
A condition that occurs when the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone. In adults, this can cause overgrowth of bones that occurs in smaller bones, such as those in the jaw, hands and feet. In children or teenagers, this can cause giantism.
Actinic keratoses
Scaly, pink, gray or tan patches or bumps on the face or scalp, or on the back of the hands. Occur mostly on people who have light skin that has been damaged by the sun.
1. Of short course. 2. Severe, but of a short duration. Not chronic.
Strong dependence or habitual use of a substance or practice, despite the negative consequences of its use.
We thank you for using the Health Dictionary to search for
. If you have a better definition for Acidosis than the one presented here, please let us know by making use of the
suggest a term
option. This definition of Acidosis may be disputed by other professionals. Our attempt is to provide easy definitions on Acidosis and any other medical topic for the public at large.
This dictionary contains
© Health Dictionary 2005 - All rights reserved -
cidosis / aidosis / acdosis / aciosis / acidsis / acidois / acidoss / acidosi / aacidosis / accidosis / aciidosis / aciddosis / acidoosis / acidossis / acidosiis / acidosiss / qcidosis / wcidosis / scidosis / xcidosis / zcidosis / axidosis / asidosis / adidosis / afidosis / avidosis / a idosis / acdosis / acieosis / acirosis / acifosis / acivosis / acicosis / acixosis / acisosis / aciwosis / acid9sis / acid0sis / acidpsis / acidlsis / acidksis / acidisis / acid8sis / acidowis / acidoeis / acidodis / acidoxis / acidozis / acidoais / acidoqis / acidoss / acidosiw / acidosie / acidosid / acidosix / acidosiz / acidosia / acidosiq /


text:
About Dan McCarthy
With its gorgeous overly conscientious lyrics and folksy songs, Dan has proven that he is a singer-songwriter that means business. In an industry flooded with perversely "perfect" imagery, he gives us the word of and the observations of an imperfect man in an imperfect world. Whatever the subject, Dan McCarthy can tackle it head on without compromising who he is. Dan McCarthy's music is as bare-boned as is his soul to a world moving at speeds unfathomed as a society and civilization. In an era where family focus, in sync with the environment, has become disengaged, desensitized, disenchanted, and disillusioned and where natural born instincts and intuitions have been dulled by mere repetitions. It is in this environment that McCarthy, the modern-day chronicler, and troubadour turns out simple acoustic songs of remarkable wisdom and heritage on the spirit of man.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Chrome Mirror Cover for Chrysler 300C 2004-2009
Products Description:
· Dramatically enhances the look of the factory mirror.
· Applications to fit the most popular vehicles.
· Installs easily with pre-applied Red 3M™ Tape, simple peel and stick.
· No cutting or drilling required.
· Made of an Automotive Grade ABS Chrome.
· Long lasting material designed to withstand the rigors of the elements.
· Matches OEM Chrome perfectly.
· Add our Chrome Door Handles, Head Lamp Covers, and Tail Light covers to complete the look.
· Priced Right!! No other product on the market like it.


text:
NASHVILLE, Tenn. – The Lipscomb University men's soccer team has a busy weekend ahead, with a Thursday night road match at High Point, beginning at 7 p.m. The Bison will then make the long bus ride home for a day of class and training in preparation of their Sunday afternoon tilt, at home against Xavier at 2 p.m.
Lipscomb opened the season with a home loss to Georgia State, 1-0, Friday afternoon on an 86th-minute Panther goal after a hard-fought defensive struggle. The Bison hit the road for a Sunday night match at Memphis, coming out on the losing end by a 4-1 tally despite six saves from keeper Brent McGee and a goal from junior Jeremy Reid.
McGee pulled off 10 saves in the season's first weekend in the face of near-constant pressure, facing 29 shots in two games, including 15 on goal.
Boosting the Bison hopes heading in to the weekend are the return of a couple of key players from injury. Sophomores Nick Bibb and Kevin Barbar have been sidelined since the UAB exhibition game and bring a much-needed boost in experience and energy for the Bison.
The High Point Panthers come off a 0-0 draw last weekend against rival Elon, the only game the Panthers played during the season's opening weekend.
High Point went 16-4-1 in 2010, losing to Coastal Carolina in the Big South championship game. The Panthers were and remain an offensive juggernaut, scoring 49 team goals in 2010. Five players, four of whom return for 2011, scored 20 points or more last season, led by Hermann Trophy candidate Karo Okiomah.
This will be the first match-up between the Bison and High Point in history.
Sunday, Lipscomb will host 2010 NCAA College Cup Tournament qualifier Xavier, who earned the automatic bid from the Atlantic 10 before falling to West Virginia in the tournament's opening round.
The Musketeers finished 10-7-4 in 2010, with one of those 10 victories coming in a 1-0 win over Lipscomb, Sep. 24. A 41st-minute goal by Andy Dimby was the difference, though Lipscomb's Garret Pettis (five shots) did his best to get the Bison on the board. Keeper Justin Marshall earned the shutout for Xavier that day, and returns in net for the Musketeers in 2011.
Xavier opens its regular season tomorrow night against Marshall. The Musketeers defeated 17th-ranked Indiana and tied 12th-ranked Notre Dame in exhibition action.
Lipscomb gets a nice break following Sunday's game and won't have to travel far for next weekend's contests, when they participate in the Belmont Tournament, against VMI (Fri., Sept. 9, 3:30 p.m.) and Georgia Southern (Sun., Sept. 11, 12:05 p.m.)
Check back on Lipscombsports.com for more information on the Bison soccer team, and be sure to follow us on Twitter (@LUMSoccer) and like us on Facebook (Lipscomb University Men's Soccer Team).


text:
Until recently, the single greatest contribution made to public discourse by Daily Telegraph columnist and professional tory irritant about town, James Delingpole, has been to help polarise the debate about alleged Anthropogenic Global Warming along conventional Right vs Left lines; making it a whole lot easier for the average Jane or Joe on the street to adopt a position on AGW without having to know or think very much about the scientific basis for AGW at all
And when it comes to economic or foreign policy matters James can be most succinctly described as an almost perfect Melanie Phillips clone, but with a cock (though I am making unsubstantiated morphological assumptions here)
That was until James' most recent column on the subject of the Goldman's coup currently underway in Western Europe...
"...We need to find common ground here, I think – those of us who believe (as the Occupy crowd do) that the current crisis is caused by the failure of capitalism and those of us who believe (as I do) that it is caused by the failure of corporatism, welfarism and – ultimately – the fiat money system. While we are busy being distracted by our particular ideological hobby horses, we are being shafted by a political bankster corporatist elite which doesn't give a stuff about us because we are the little people and we are of no consequence to the New World Order they wish to impose on us.
Beware the Vampire Squid: whether you are on the Left or the Right it will feast on your blood and suck you dry all the same."
My oh my, how those corporate journalists enjoy bashing internet-based conspiraloonery, yet are gradually finding themselves drawn to the language of net-based loondom as their own lexicon becomes less and less capable of describing the shit that's going down
though, obviously, James wouldn't want the Little People to become too focused on the crimes of the Big People at the expense of those distractive ideological hobby horses as, let's be honest here, they're a nice little earner


text:
Friday, March 2, 2012
80 Years of Love, You Funny Thing
Recorded March 2, 1932
Track Time 3:38
Written by Fred Ahlert and Roy Turk
Recorded in Chicago
Louis Armstrong, trumpet, vocal; Zilner Randolph, trumpet; Preston Jackson, trombone; Lester Boone, alto saxophone; George James, alto saxophone; Albert Washington, tenor saxohpone; Charlie Alexander, piano; MIke McKendrick, guitar; John Lindsay, bass; Tubby Hall, drums
Originally released on OKeh 41557
Currently available on CD: It's on the JSP two-disc set The Big Band Sides, 1930-1932
Available on Itunes? Yes
Sorry for the silence, dear readers; as usual, I've been drowning and had to put the blog on the back burner for a few weeks. And yes, this is a re-post, too, of one I wrote in January 2011. But it's the 80th anniversary of this great performance and for those who might have missed my analysis the first time around, here 'tis again. Enjoy!
A few days before Christmas, my trumpet-playing pal Dave Whitney call to say hello. I was unable to answer so Dave left a message, along with a little treat: about a half-chorus of "Love, You Funny Thing," unaccompanied (Dave has a beautiful tone and part of me wishes I knew how to convert voicemail messages to MP3 so I could share it!). When Dave and I finally connected, we talked about how much we loved the song and how it has pretty much disappeared off the face of the earth. Except for a version by Mel Torme, I can't recall anyone else recording the song after 1932. It's apparently even escaped the keepers of the early-Louis flame such as Marty Grosz, Duke Heitger and David Ostwald (though I'm sure Vince Giordano could probably pull out an arrangement at the drop of a hat).
So as means of rehabilitating the song, I've decided to make it the subject matter for my first blog of 2011. The song was written by the dynamite team of Fred Ahlert and Roy Turk, composers of standards such as "Mean to Me" and "I'll Get By," as well as "Walkin' My Baby Back Home," which Louis recorded successfully for OKeh the previous April. The song was also set to be featured in the background of the all-star major motion picture "Grand Hotel." And on top of that, it was set to be recorded by none other than Bing Crosby on February 23, 1932 (Ahlert and Turk wrote Crosby's theme "Where the Blue of the Night (Meets the Gold of the Day" so Bing obviously had an affinity for their work).
You don't need me to tell you that Louis and Bing had quite a mutual appreciation society. No one would deny that Louis had a profound influence on Papa Bing, but I also here elements of Crosby in Armstrong's early-1930s vocals. From 1930-1933, the two men recorded the same song ten times so there's clearly something ready to be written about this (paging Jimmy Leach!). I'm no vocal expert (and hell, I wouldn't know which end to blow into a trumpet if you gave it to me), but I think it could be fun to compare and contrast the two versions of "Love, You Funny Thing" (and if you are an expert out there on these subjects, don't hesitate to chime in!).
Okay, let's start with Bing's version:
Beautiful stuff. Bing could mix it up with the finest names in jazz, but this is 100% a pop record, with that conspicuous strings-and-muted-trumpet sound from the period. After a short verse, Bing slides into the refrain, singing with ease and with confidence. The song takes a bit of a range to pull off and Crosby's high notes and low notes are equally full. After a chorus, the band attempts to swing for eight bars before Bing enters with a dramatic anticipatory "And"....shades of Pops! It's a lovely record and echoes what Louis said about Crosby in 1955: "Bing's voice has a mellow quality that only Bing's got. It's like gold being poured out of a cup." Indeed.
Of course, with Louis, we're dealing with a voice that sounds like gravel being poured out of a trash can...but, oh, what he does with it. Before jumping in, let's see where Louis was in his life at this point. He was still leading an Orchestra he started in April 1930 consisting of many New Orleans homeboys and directed by fellow trumpeter Zilner Randolph. Mob troubles had led Pops and his men on a tour of the south (including New Orleans) as they had to avoid New York because that's where the trouble was (bullets don't make good mutes). Anytime they passed through Chicago, OKeh grabbed them up to record some pop tunes of the day, a series of recordings that brought Louis's genius to epic new heights.
Armstrong had already recorded "Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea," "Home" and "All of Me" for label in January 1932 with "All of Me" apparently going on to become a substantial hit for Louis. On March 2, Louis and his orchestra tackled "Love, You Funny Thing," only seven days after Crosby recorded his version (meaning that he could have never heard what Bing was doing with it, unless Crosby was broadcasting it, which is a good possibility). Let's hear how it came out:
Nicely done, Pops. Louis loved this orchestra but critics were quick to point out its flaws. Louis still defended them in later years, but this isn't one of the band's finest moments...in fact, you know it's bad when Louis himself has to point out the flaws on the record! It opens with the saxophones bizarrely alternating two pitches (how often do the trains go by?) while the peculiar sound of Mike McKendrick's guitar plink-plinks in the background....not exactly an arrangement for the books but I guess it provides some atmosphere. But don't fret, it's Louis to the rescue, immediately getting the thing swinging with two simple quarter notes. I never understood how it did it; quarter notes as quarter notes don't really swing but Louis knew had to place them and how to attack them just right so the whole thing takes off in forward motion.
Louis is muted here, too, which is always a treat. Some will say that Louis never used a mute or if he did, he only used a straight mute, but that's clearly not the case on many of these early 1930s performances (he had already broken it out on that year's "Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea" and "All of Me"). Trumpeter Herbert Christ wrote it to tell me that it was a Solotone mute, while others have argued that it's a cup. Regardless, it's a unique sound and it's a shame that Pops seemed to leave it behind when he returned from Europe in 1935.
Louis clearly digs the melody but it's really a case of Louis listening to the band in his head...and playing what he's hearing. After almost every straight melodic line he plays or sings, he immediately follows it with a perfect fill, playing what he thinks the band should be playing (it's a shame he didn't do arrangements). Armstrong's playing is also filled with Crosby-like mordents, little turns at the end of phrase that are effective.
When the bridge turns to D-minor, the reeds take over. It only takes Louis a couple of bars to not be impressed with their effort and he calls them out on it. "Bring it out, bring it out saxophones! Come on, out with it!" The reeds immediately respond with the full-throated blowing but it's still an awkward (though priceless) moment. Clearly, the song was brand new and the band needed some time familiarizing themselves with it. But they were in a studio and you'd think they'd have it ironed out when the recording light when on. Also, you'd think Louis or the A&R man for OKeh would have waved it off and said, "Let's try it again." But no, Louis admonishes them, they respond and the record moves forward. A fascinating little moment.
For his final eight bars, Louis can't wait to get the horn to his chops, playing an anticipatory phrase before the bridge is even over. Now he's feeling good, taking more chances with the melody, throwing in a well-placed gliss and ending on a high note. Most human beings would be happy with that but because he's Louis Armstrong, it's time for the vocal...and time for us to get a singing lesson.
Opening with a delightful "Mmmm," Louis swings right into the vocal, rephrasing it almost instantly; listen to the declamatory way he sings "look at what you did to me." But not wanting to come off as too harsh, Louis immediately follows it with a higher "Love" that sounds like pure sunshine. In fact, you can really hear him smiling on the next eight bars, especially with the way he swallows the words "First (or really, "Foist") you come along."
Armstrong dives into the bridge with a long "Ohhhh" before perhaps the most delicious moment of the vocal: he leaves a little gap of space and rushes back in with the lyrics "someone made it seem that way," a chunk of it rendered on a single pitch. Another "Oh" leads to the final eight bars, where Louis sticks mainly to the melody but still moans a few swinging asides.
After this vocal, there's time for one more chorus (barely; the finished product is 3:38, really pushing the limit of a 78 record). At the start of the record, Louis took the A sections while the bridge went to the band. Now, the roles are reversed as Louis becomes part of the arrangement during the A sections and saves his improvisitory genius for the bridge. Louis's tone is simply magical as he hits those high notes. He breaks away for a few passionate outbursts but really stays a part of the section until that bridge...and wow, what a bridge! There's so much information in these eight bars, it's almost stunning. He opens with a held note before snaking his way into the lower register with a run of notes that rhythmically free, blurs the bar lines and is full of tension. Just as he hits his lowest night, he responds with a frightening glissando back into the upper register. He follows that with another flurry of notes before he pauses, allows a second of space and flat out swings his last phrase so damn hard, pushing that last note up for maximum dramatic effect.
Nothing can top that bridge...and sure enough, nothing did. Louis rejoins the section to hit those high notes but the final eight bars are a ragged affair: the saxophones are off, trumpets are coming and going...it's not pretty but Louis's final high note is the truth. So yeah, there's enough roughness around the edges (I'm looking at you, Orchestra) that has allowed "Love, You Funny Thing" to get left off a lot of compilations. And honestly, Bing's version was mighty hard to find, too; I don't think it's ever been reissued on a major American CD (I found it on a cheapie MP3 compilation over at EMusic.com). It's safe to say that "Love, You Funny Thing" didn't have much of an effect on the pop charts and soon disappeared (though if you're really digging the tune, YouTube has a couple of British dance band versions from the same period).
But I think it's a fine song with a memorable melody and a great minor-bridge. And hey, it's Louis and Bing and at the end of the day, that's really all we need, right? For the vocal fans out there, I've made one of my famed edits, taking eight bars of Bing and eight bars of Louis and swapping them back and forth for a single chorus. The last time I did this was with Louis and Seger Ellis's versions of "Ain't Misbehavin'" to show how advanced Armstrong was to Ellis. But this time, I'm doing it to show that BIng and Louis were equals and each learned from the other. Here's Bing and Louis's vocals on "Love, You Funny Thing" together:
Isn't that pretty neat? Louis is still the aggressor, but it's clear he picked up some stuff from Bing, especially that mordent. Bing does it frequently throughout but Louis really does a noticeable one on the word "go" during the phrase "she let me go" on the bridge. And though it's not in my edit, remember that Bing reprises his vocal with an anticipatory (have I really used that word three times now?) "And" that Louis does throughout his vocal with those "Oh's" and "Mm's. But there are differences, too, and to me, I hear it mostly in the way each man ends a note. Crosby sings a note and hits it; Louis is constantly bending them, moaning low, groaning high. Compare the way they sing the word "sympathy" at the end of the first eight bars: Bing sings it and holds it but Louis glides down on the last syllable. It's clearly a trumpet thing...or maybe not? Maybe it was something Louis always did and just added to his trumpet playing? Louis did always say that singing was his "first hustle." But he also once said that when he was singing, he could picture hitting the notes with his hand on the trumpet. Let's just be thankful he did both things so well! (Though did you hear him botch one of the lyrics? In the second eight bars, Bing sings, relaxed, "First, you come and bring, happiness into my heart." But Louis sees an extra word, which actually leads a bit of urgency to his vocal, singing, "First, you come along and bring, happiness into my heart.")
That's all I have to say for Louis and Bing and this great but I'll end by boring everyone to tears with some discographical discussions. According to discographies, "Love, You Funny Thing" was the only song recorded on March 2, with a matrix number of W 405154. Fine. But Louis next ended the studio on March 11 to record three more songs. The opening number of that session, "New Tiger Rag" has a matrix number of W 405155. But the other two songs recorded on the 11th saw the matrix numbers jump up to 405166 and 405167. Hmmm, something doesn't seem right. I really find it somewhat hard to believe that a) Louis only recorded one song at the March 2 session and b) that OKeh recorded nothing else for the next nine days and resumed the March 11 session with the 405155 matrix number. My best guess is that Louis spent the bulk of the March 2 date working out the new material (which, as we heard, still didn't get perfected) and closed the session by trying "New Tiger Rag." Perhaps OKeh thought they could live with "New Tiger Rag," slapped the 405155 matrix number on it and called it a day. Then, when Louis returned on March 11, perhaps someone suggested they give "New Tiger Rag" another shot. They did, it was better, and it replaced the March 2 take, retaining the 405155 matrix number. Okeh had recorded ten songs with other artists in the intervening nine days so they resumed the rest of the March 11 Armstrong session with matrix number 405166. Make sense? Or maybe "New Tiger Rag" comes from the March 2 session and the discographies have been wrong for all these years?
Well, that's for other people to figure out. My usual response: who cares, let's just enjoy the music! And when Mr. Satch and Mr. Cros are at the helm, well, nothing else really matters.
5 comments:
- LoSnaso said...
Dear Ricky,
Thank you for your blog.
I will tory to explore it in the next days, but for the time being I would like to warn you that the first version from Bing is not correctly linked to your post. Instead we can listen to a funny conversation which can be derived from a radio show.
Please let me know if you plan to correct it.
I will go on with reading, Best regards.
- March 19, 2012 at 5:30 PM
- LoSnaso said...
Dear Ricky,
Your blog is really interesting and now that I've found it I will read it more often as I am a fan of Satchmo anche or the classic jazz.
Just a point: in your post it is not possible to listen to the Bing's versione. Instead we can listen to a funny conversation from a radio show.
do you plan to fix it?
If yes, please let me know, thank you very much.
Best regards,
Simone Naso.
- March 19, 2012 at 5:39 PM
- Ricky Riccardi said...
Just fixed it, Simone! Can't believe nobody else noticed it. Thanks for reading and for the kind words.
Yours in Pops,
- March 19, 2012 at 9:35 PM
- LoSnaso said...
Hi Ricky,
I have tried to test again to listen to the Bing version of "love, you funny thing", bug I still get the same thing. Well, it's not crucial, I am just curious about it.
I also have another curiosity: at the end, did hou have a "Louis" or an "Ella"?
Have a nice day,
- March 22, 2012 at 4:38 PM
- LoSnaso said...
Perfect, thank you very much! Now it's working fine.
- March 27, 2012 at 5:37 PM


text:
Looking for spec homes in Mount Sterling, KY? Spec homes combine convenience with new home luxury. New home builders construct spec homes, also called inventory homes, before they have a buyer. They are available as move-in ready homes or at various stages of construction. They offer the perfect solution for buyers wanting quality and customization without waiting for their new home to be built.
While a fully custom home can take six months to a year to complete, spec homes can be yours from now or as much as three months out. That time saved also saves you money by improving or eliminating the problem of holding double mortgages. It also saves you the trouble and investment of finding temporary housing in Lexington. Many builders keep a consistent schedule of spec builds, to ensure they have several homes available at various stages of completion. This ensures you can find your perfect balance between customization and final availability.
Even with the convenience of fast availability, spec homes in Lexington, KY offer all of the benefits one would expect from a new home. For starters, those who invest in a spec home while still in the construction phase can enjoy several customization options, depending on the builder and the stage of construction. From appliances to flooring to countertops and everything in between, you'll never have to compromise to meet your modern needs when you invest in a new home.
NewHomeSource provides an ideal platform to find your perfect inventory home in Lexington, KY today. Our listings are comprehensive, and our amenity filters allow you to narrow these results to identify all the homes that meet your exact needs. Your perfect home is in the works. Let NewHomeSource help you find it!
If you're looking for the perfect new home in Lexington, KY, you've come to the right place. NewHomeSource.com is the Internet's leading provider of new homes in Lexington. Choose from a list of Lexington new home communities, with predefined condo, townhome or house plans, or pick a Lexington homebuilder and have a custom home built on your own lot. Whether you choose a new house in a Lexington home community or prefer a custom home built by a homebuilder in Lexington, you can't go wrong using NewHomeSource.com to get your new home search started.


text:
Gallery: UNESCO adds 12 sites to its World Heritage List
From the deserts of the Middle East to the coffee plantations of Colombia, here are 12 more places to add to your must-go list
UNESCO's World Heritage List, the most eminent accolade for monuments, buildings, sites or natural features "of outstanding universal value," has added 12 new members to its ranks.
Being inscribed into the list tends to result in greater awareness, greater tourism and greater emphasis on protecting that site for future generations to enjoy.
You could also regard it as an authoritative guide on the best places around the world worthy of a visit. Scroll through the gallery above to see what they are.