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FAQs - Countrywide
- News Release: Attorney General Brown Announces Landmark $8.68 Billion Settlement with Countrywide.
- Countrywide Judgment, pdf
- Settlement Administrator
Lawsuit FAQ's
Do I have to continue making payments on my Countrywide loan?
The filing of the Attorney General's lawsuit does not affect your legal obligations or your rights. That means the filing of the lawsuit does not by itself excuse you from making loan payments under the terms of the loan agreement. You may want to consider contacting your lender/servicer to see whether they are willing to work with you to develop a loan modification program or other agreement. However, you may wish to consult a lawyer before signing any modification or other agreement, and to obtain advice about any other rights or claims you may have.
What if my Countrywide loan is in foreclosure?
The Attorney General's lawsuit does NOT stop or undo a foreclosure. You are advised to contact a private attorney about your situation as soon as possible, or to try to work out a loan modification or other agreement with your lender.
Can you give me advice on whether I have legal claims about my Countrywide loan?
The Attorney General's Office is not able to give you legal or other advice on this matter. If you would like advice, please consult a private attorney of your choosing, or a legal aid attorney if you qualify. The State Bar Association also has information about how to obtain a referral at its website, http://www.calbar.ca.gov. Click on the link for "Lawyer Referral Services" on the bottom left hand corner of the page. You can download the California State Bar Association's booklet about how to find the right attorney at the following website: http://www.calbar.ca.gov/Public/Pamphlets/HiringaLawyer.aspx
What is going to happen in the lawsuit?
There is no way of knowing for certain how the court will rule in this case, or if there will be a settlement. There is also no way to know how much money, if any, will be paid to borrowers if the Attorney General prevails in this case. Also, the court might order that only borrowers whose loans meet certain criteria are entitled to money or other relief. As described above, even though the Attorney General has filed this lawsuit, the filing of the lawsuit alone does not affect your legal obligations or your rights, nor does it stop or undo a foreclosure. If you have any concerns about your individual loan, please contact an attorney for individual legal advice.
How long will the case last and can I get updates on what does happen in the status of the lawsuit?
We cannot estimate how long it will take for this case to be resolved. The Attorney General's Office will issue press releases when there are developments in this case. Please check the office's website, http://oag.ca.gov, for those updates.
How can I file a complaint with the Attorney General's Office about Countrywide?
Please send a letter with copies of any supporting documentation to the:
Office of the Attorney General
Public Inquiry Unit
P.O. Box 944255
Sacramento, CA 94244-2550
Or you can file a complaint on-line.
Where can I obtain more information about the Attorney General's lawsuit?
For information on the Countrywide lawsuit, please read the Attorney General's Press Release and the Complaint filed by our office. You can file this information on the Attorney General's website, http://oag.ca.gov.
Settlement FAQ's
Which borrowers may be eligible for loan modifications?
The settlement provides for loan modifications for eligible borrowers who are 60 days or more delinquent, or become 60 days delinquent, on subprime or pay option loans that they obtained from Countrywide or from a broker working with Countrywide.
Borrowers with these loans may be eligible for modification if the first payment on their loan was due between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2007, they live in the property that serves as security for the mortgage, they owe 75% or more of the current value of their home, and they can afford the new, lower payment under the modification.
I have a Subprime or Pay Option Loan. Does that mean I am eligible for a modification under the Settlement?
The Attorney General's Office cannot say whether or not a particular borrower will or will not get a modification. That will depend on the borrower's individual circumstances, including whether the borrower can afford payments on the modified loan.
What if I am delinquent on my mortgage but don't have a Subprime or Pay Option loan?
Countrywide is pledging to evaluate all other borrowers with payment difficulties for possible modifications on a case-by-case basis. If you are having difficulties making payments on your loan but do not have a subprime or pay option loan, you should call Countrywide at (800) 669-6607.
When will the modifications start?
On or before December 1, 2008, Countrywide will begin contacting borrowers who may be eligible for modifications.
Can I contact Countrywide to ask for a modification?
Under the settlement, Countrywide will contact all borrowers who may be eligible for a modification. However, you can also call Countrywide toll-free at (800) 669-6607 to ask for a modification. If you do call Countrywide, please write down the full name of the person you talk to, and the date and time of your call.
I think I should get a modification. Do I have to continue making payments on my Countrywide loan until then?
The settlement does not by itself change your loan payment or allow you to stop making payments. Borrowers who may be considered for a modification will be contacted by Countrywide and also can contact Countrywide at (800)669-6607 with specific questions about their loan.
You should not stop making payments on your loan just because you think you might qualify for a modification. If you have the ability to pay but stop making your payments, you will likely damage your credit, and may significantly harm your chances of actually receiving a modification.
What if I am in foreclosure already?
For borrowers who may be eligible for loan modifications, Countrywide is suspending the foreclosure process, and not starting new foreclosures. Even though modifications might not start until December 1, 2008, Countrywide is suspending these foreclosures for now.
What loan terms will borrowers receive if they obtain a modification?
The exact terms of a modification will vary from borrower to borrower, depending on the borrower's circumstances (such as loan amount, the borrower's income, and the current value of the borrower's home). Generally, borrowers will be considered for possible interest rate reductions or conversion to an interest-only loan for five or ten years.
Borrowers with pay option loans who own only one home might also be eligible for principal reductions if they owe more than 95% of the current value of their home.
How low could my interest rate be reduced?
Interest rates on pay option loans and subprime 2/28, 3/27, 5/25, 7/23, and 10/20 loans may temporarily be reduced to as low as 3.5%. In some cases, interest rates on other subprime loans may temporarily be reduced to as low as 2.5%.
Will I have to pay a fee to Countrywide to get a modification?
No. Borrowers eligible to get a streamlined modification under the settlement will not have to pay any fees. The only exception is that a borrower who gets a refinance through the separate federal program known as HOPE for Homeowners might have to pay a fee. However, the guidelines for the HOPE for Homeowners Program have not yet been announced by the federal government, so we do not know whether that program will include any fees.
If anyone asks you to pay a fee in order to request or receive a loan modification on your Countrywide loan, please report this immediately to the Attorney General's office by completing our online complaint form.
What about late fees and prepayment penalties?
The settlement requires Countrywide to waive late fees for borrowers with subprime or pay option loans who receive a modification, as well as prepayment penalties for borrowers with subprime or pay option loans who receive a modification or are able to refinance or pay off their loans.
What if I am current on my loan now but think I will not be able to make my payments in the future?
The agreement requires Countrywide to make loan modifications for eligible borrowers through June 30, 2012. Also, if you think you will have any difficulties making your payments in the future, you are encouraged to contact Countrywide now at (800) 669-6607.
Can I call a local Countrywide branch or my loan broker to ask for a modification?
No. At least at this time, you should not call a local branch or broker. Instead, contact Countrywide at (800)669-6607 to ask about the modification under the settlement or to ask any other questions you may have about the settlement.
Can we trust Countrywide to make all these loan modifications?
The Attorney General's office will monitor Countrywide thoughout this process. The settlement requires Countrywide to make regular reports to the Attorney General's Office regarding which borrowers do and do not get a modification, and the reasons why.
Can I still sue Countrywide if I get a loan modification under the settlement?
Yes. Borrowers will not have to release any legal claims they may have against Countrywide in order to receive a modification of their loan.
What if I have already lost my house to foreclosure?
The settlement requires Countrywide to pay $27.9 million dollars to California consumers who have already lost their homes to foreclosure, or who were 120 days or more delinquent as of October 6, 2008. To be eligible, the borrower must have had a Countrywide loan and lived in the home that was foreclosed. The first payment on the loan must have been due between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2007, and the borrower must have made six or fewer payments before the foreclosure. The Attorney General's office is in the process of determining which specific borrowers will be eligible for payments under this program, and the amount of those payments. We estimate that payments will be approximately $2,500 to $3,000 per borrower.
Eligible borrowers will receive a notice from the office of the Attorney General in the next few months.
Please note that to receive a cash payment under this program, borrowers will have to sign and return a release of any legal claims they may have against Countrywide regarding their mortgage loan. We urge borrowers to consult with a private attorney, or, if they qualify, a legal services attorney before signing the release. Please read below for information on finding an attorney.
What if I lose my house to foreclosure in the future?
The settlement also requires Countrywide to make relocation assistance payments to borrowers who lose their homes to foreclosure in the future. The amount of those payments may vary from borrower to borrower, depending on individual circumstances such as the size of the household.
Can you give me advice on whether I have other legal claims against Countrywide?
The Attorney General's Office is not able to give you legal or other advice on this matter. If you would like advice, please consult a private attorney of your choosing, or a legal aid attorney if you qualify.
How can I find a lawyer?
The California State Bar Association has information about attorney referrals at its website, www.calbar.ca.gov. Click on the link for "Lawyer Referral Services" on the bottom right-hand corner of the page. You can download their booklet about how to find the right attorney at the following website: http://www.calbar.ca.gov/Public/Pamphlets/HiringaLawyer.aspx
Can I still file a complaint with the Attorney General's Office about Countrywide?
Yes. If you wish to file a complaint about your loan, or think you were denied a loan modification when you should have received one, please contact us. You can send a letter with copies of any supporting documentation to the:
Office of the Attorney General
Public Inquiry Unit
P.O. Box 944255
Sacramento, CA 94244-2550
Or you can file a complaint on-line.
Is this settlement part of the bailout passed by Congress?
No. It is a separate settlement between Countrywide and the California Attorney General.
Does the Settlement include non-California borrowers?
Countrywide is adopting the mortgage modification plan nationwide. However, the monetary relief for borrowers who have already been foreclosed is only available in states that have formally agreed to participate in the settlement. To find out if your state is participating, please contact the Attorney General's office in your state.
Where can I obtain more information about the Attorney General's settlement with Countrywide?
For more information on the Countrywide settlement, as well as the lawsuit filed by this office in June 2008, please check the Attorney General's website, http://oag.ca.gov. The website will be updated as additional information becomes available.


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Finish Rubbers
by Kemper
Molded from pliable rubber two kidney shapes and different grades of resiliency. They are used for smoothing, shaping, and finishing pottery pieces.
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user experience, and to be able to place an order on our website, you must have
The men's Zealand Zander driving moc slipper offers a sophisticated style without sacrificing premium comfort features. The high quality suede upper allows for a custom fit. The plush faux fur lining absorbs moisture and provides superior comfort. The rubber outsole provides traction and durability for indoor/outdoor use.


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When I woke that morning I had a clear picture of who I was as a woman, a wife, a daughter, a sister, a step-mom and a grandma. By that evening, my clarity would change dramatically and my world would change forever. For you see my role as wife changed to widow. Who is this "widow" person? I didn't know her and I definitely didn't want to be "her". I couldn't breath. – I can't accept this! – It can't be happening! – Why now?– Why! Why! Why? I just wanted to run away.
The unrelenting sorrow and pain that followed the death of my husband, my best friend, seemed more than I could ever bear at times. The perpetual gray skies of that winter dragged on
and I felt a sense of hopelessness that I have never felt before. Tears flowed in an endless stream of grief and despair. Every night I begged God to please wake me from this dreadful dream.
With each step I took in the mornings there would be hope that he would be there; playing
solitaire as he always did and asking me for a cup of coffee. But, he wasn't there. Despair
would settle over my body like blowing snow – cold and blinding. I was lost and alone, shrouded in a heavy black veil where there was only darkness.
In the darkness I prayed for help. The prayer barely passing my lips when I could feel the strong comforting arms of God wrapped around me. He rocked me in His arms and let me cry myself to sleep. Night after night I called to Him for strength and always He would come. I could hear Him: Shh, shh, shh, I'm here, it's going to be alright.
In a few days a year will have passed since that night. The gray dark days of that winter gave way to spring and the blossoming of summer. Another Thanksgiving has come and gone and soon Christmas will be here. I'm still working through my sorrow, but, I have lifted the veil so that I can see the beauty of the life before me. I'm finding my way through the thorns and rediscovering my dreams and hopes for the future. Every day I reach up for God's hand and he guides me. – Some days He has to do a lot of pushing and pulling, but He is always there. At night God still wraps his arms around me and rocks me to sleep and I hear him: Shh, shh, shh, I'm here, it's going to be alright.......
(this post original from: The Next Chapter - Page 2010 )


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Siletz Bay Twilight
A cloudy twilight over Siletz Bay, Lincoln City, Oregon. (Fuji Velvia) 5/21/05
Falling Grace
Drift Creek Falls as seen from the suspension bridge on the trail, Siuslaw National Forest, near the Oregon Coast. (Fuji Velvia) 5/29/05
Verdant Spring
Verdant spring vegetation near the south end of the suspension bridge on the trial to Drift Creek Falls, Siuslaw National Forest, Oregon. (Fuji Velvia) 5/29/05
Drift Creek Falls
Drift Creek Falls, Siuslaw National Forest near the Oregon Coast. This was taken 5/29/05 -- before the landslide that changed the falls.
Ochre Star Collage
Ochre stars at Road's End, on the Oregon Coast. 1/24/09
Verdant Boiler Bay
The boiler at Boiler Bay, Oregon Coast. 5/30/10
Verdant Tidal Pool
Moss and algae on the tidal pools of Boiler Bay at low tide, Boiler Bay, Oregon. 5/30/2010
Sandy Grave
The tide quietly comes in to wash over the disappearing remains of the Peter Iredale on Oregon's North Coast. Soon, nothing will remain of the ship that wrecked here on October 26, 1906. Picture taken 7/19/2010.
Sand Sunset
The setting sun here is reflected in the sand of Neskowin Beach and the patterns left behind by the receding tide, Neskowin, Oregon. 9/11/2010
Sand Sunset II
Year's End at Land's End
Sea stacks and star fish on the barnacled rocks of the hidden beach beyond Roads End near Lincoln City, Oregon. This beach can only be accessed at the lowest of tides, and only then when the sand is high enough. 12/31/2010
Year's End at Road's End
Looking north towards Cascade Head near Road's End as the sun sets near Lincoln City, Oregon. 12/31/2010
Proposal Rock at Neskowin
Proposal Rock in the clouds at Neskowin, Oregon. 7/10/2010
Siletz Serenade
The setting sun quietly lights up Siletz Bay in Lincoln City on the Oregon Coast. 3/24/11
Fern from Below
A sword fern shoves its way skyward amongst the blooming False Lily of the Valley on the forest floor near Cutler City, Oregon. 5/30/2011
Coastal Bloom
Wild rhododendrons in bloom, Cutler City Oregon, near Siletz Bay on the Oregon Coast. 5/30/11
Pink Universe
Thousands of blooms on native rhododendron plants in Cutler City, on the Oregon Coast. 5/30/2011
Glowing Ghost
The bow portion of the Peter Iredale glows in the golds and reds of sunset at Fort Stevens State Park, Oregon. 7/23/2011
Stiarway to Twilight's Past
One of the two spiral stairways at abandoned Battery Russell at Fort Steven's State Park, Oregon. Once a battery defending the Oregon Coast, now Battery Russell's concrete corridors, halls, rooms, and stairways serve as a playground for a child's imagination. 7/26/2011
Rusting Eye of Time
An anchor eye, used at one time to tether the huge rifles at Fort Stevens' Battery Russell, now provide an interesting abstract photo. Fort Stevens State Park, Oregon. 7/26/2011
A Sunset Through Time
Peter Iredale wreck at sunset, Fort Stevens State Park, Oregon. 7/26/11
Pacific Graveyard Sunset
The remains of the bow of the Peter Iredale at sunset at Fort Stevens State Park, Oregon. What was once an entire ship, time and tide have reduced to what you see here. Soon, what remains of the bow will be forever lost to the Pacific Graveyard. 7/26/2011
Pacific Canvas
Here the rusting bow of the Peter Iredale provides a canvas for this one-of-a-kind tapestry of color and life by the sea. Fort Stevens State Park, Oregon. 7/27/2011
Disappearning Sunset
Defying Time
Reflecting Sands
The bow section of the Peter Iredale sits quietly on the beach at Fort Stevens State Park, Oregon -- a reminder of the indomitable might of the Pacific Ocean, and of Nature herself. 7/27/2011
Quiet Grave
Golden Meeting
Where river meets sea, her the waters of Spencer Creek empty into the mighty Pacific Ocean at sunset, Beverly Beach State Park, Oregon. 2/11/2012
A Forest Study in Color
A fascinating mosaic of life, death, and color all in a single stump, the reminants of a forest giant on Cook's Ridge, Cape Perpetua, Oregon. 2/11/2012
Yaquina Wonder
The majestic Yaquina Bay Bridge as seen from Coast Guard Station Newport boat house, Newport, Oregon. 2/12/2012
Siletz BaysunsetOregonOregon Coasttwilight


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The stomach connects the esophagus to the small intestines The pylorus of the stomach is a small, narrow muscular sphincter through which food passes into the duodenum after it has been partially digested in the stomach.
Pyloric stenosis is a congenital defect in which the opening of the pylorus is too narrow. Food is thus unable to pass into the duodenum. Children with pyloric stenosis usually manifest forceful, "projectile" vomiting within the first 1-2 weeks of life.
After general anesthesia is administered and the patient is in deep sleep and pain free, the abdomen is cleaned and draped. A small incision is made in the abdomen.
The surgeon makes a cut into the pyloric muscle (stomach outlet) down to the mucosa, the inner layer of the stomach, thus releasing the restriction. No tissue is removed and the stomach lining is not opened. The pyloric muscle returns to normal size with time.
Children usually recover quickly. There are no long-term disadvantages to surgery. One to two days of hospitalization may be all that is required. Feedings by mouth are usually delayed for 12 hours after the operation. The stomach requires this short time to regain its ability to contract and to empty. Most infants can advance from clear liquids to normal amounts of formula or breast feedings within 36 hours after the operation. Vomiting of one or two feedings in the first 24 to 48 hours after the operation is not uncommon. Paper tapes will cover a small incision located on the child's right upper abdomen. A firm ridge may appear at the incision site, which is no cause for concern. Avoid bathing for at least 5 days after the operation. Sponge bathing is permitted the day of discharge. Carefully pat dry the incision tapes after the sponge bath.


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Report: Media Biased in Easter, Earth Day Coverage
A study by a conservative media watchdog charges three major network television stations with bestowing a favorable bias on Earth Day while smearing Easter, Christians' holy day, with allegations of pedophilia.
The Media Research Center's Culture and Media Institute examined media reports during the 2010 Holy Week – March 28 through April 4 – and contrasted it with two weeks of Earth Day coverage. The study, "Holy Week: Media Worship Earth Day, Attack Easter," found that last year networks ABC, CBS and NBC's evening news shows mentioned "Easter" primarily in connection to the 2010 pedophilia scandals that swirled around the Vatican, using terms such as "scandal," "sexual abuse" and "crisis." By contrast, coverage of Earth Day received positive attention from the three broadcast media giants.
Highlighted examples include NBC News' discussion of sexual abuse allegations during the network's Easter Sunday coverage.
In a report on the Easter 2010 celebrations in Europe, NBC correspondent Anne Thompson stated, "The traditions of Easter, for just a day, superseded the pain many feel at the disclosures that some priests abused children for decades."
ABC's correspondent Dan Harris also equated Easter with priests accused of sexual abuse. During an Easter Sunday broadcast, Harris said, "This is the holiest weekend in the Christian calendar, but Easter is providing no respite whatsoever from what may be the gravest outrage in the modern history of the Catholic Church."
Easter is a religious holiday revered and celebrated among Christians. However, MRC's vice president of business and culture, Dan Gainor, said little attention was given to Protestant celebrations of the holiday.
And the negative coverage of the holiday's religious significance from the Catholic perspective maligns all the Judeo-Christian faiths, he said. "Their attacks of Catholics for Easter attacks the holiday for all the faiths."
While the highlighted coverage is not indicative of how Easter is covered every year, it does show that "[mainstream] journalists are notoriously anti-religion," he remarked.
Gainor stated that the media generally takes an outside-in approach of covering issues surrounding faith and the church. "They look at it like it's suspect," he pointed out.
Catholic League President Bill Donahue affirmed Gainor's assertions. "The Catholic League has been tracking the way the media treats Holy Week for many years, and what we have unfailingly found is one of three things: a) the mainstream media does a news story, magazine article or TV special questioning the divinity of Jesus, or b) some fraud comes forth with some absurd claims doubting whether Jesus was actually raised from the dead, or c) a music video is released that is designed to tweak the sensibilities of Christians," said Donahue.
He concluded, "It's all deliberate and it's all selectively targeted."
After the 2008 death of the Rev. Marcial Maciel, allegations began swirling in the media that the Catholic father sexually molested young men studying to be priests, had affairs with women and was a drug addict.
News of sexual abuse allegations reached new heights in 2010 when abuses among American Catholic clergy came to light. The Pew Research Center reported in its analysis that from mid-March through late April, clergy sexual abuse was one of top 10 biggest stories in the mainstream media at the time, beating out coverage of Barack Obama's nuclear weapons policy and the Tea Party movement.
According to CMI, the allegations took on a life of its own in 2010 when 20 negative stories overshadowed the three main networks' Easter coverage. Of the three networks' 34 combined mentions of Easter, Gainor said there were two total positive news stories about Easter mixed with a dozen positive mentions such as CBS anchor Katie Couric's "Happy Easter" farewell message.
By contrast, Earth Day coverage featured no attacks. In fact, some of the Earth Day commentary took on a positive spiritual tone.
"On this Earth Day we told you about the plastic lying around the earth. Well, what if you could take it and turn it into an answered prayer for some children? One woman did just that. It's the American heart," said ABC news anchor Diane Sawyer in her coverage for World News.
Gainor questioned why the networks' coverage of Earth Day did not mention its origins to Silent Spring author Rachel Carson. Carson's writings led the Environmental Protection Agency to ban the chemical DTT. It was later reported in The New York Times that Carson's findings may have hyped the danger of the chemical primarily used to fight off mosquitos in some countries where the insect is the leading cause of malaria.
Gainor argued that Earth Day gets positive coverage every year because the media favors the holiday. "If they like it, they cover it [positively]," he asserted.
MRC released its report on Friday, which this year marks both Earth Day and Good Friday – the day Christians commemorate Jesus' death on the cross.
The United Nations designated April 22 as International Mother Earth Day. The United States does not recognize this day as a federal holiday. Easter, though always observed on Sunday, is recognized in schools across the nation and by Congress, both of which generally offer a break in activity for the week surrounding the holiday.


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Watch how to make this recipe.
Combine all brine ingredients in a container or pot large enough to hold the turkey. Make sure all the sugar and salt have been fully dissolved. Add the turkey and refrigerate about 6 hours or overnight.
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
Remove turkey from brine and transfer to a roasting pan with a rack. Stuff turkey with the lemon halves, bay leaves, and cinnamon sticks used in the brine. Cook turkey for about 3 1/2 hours, basting every 40 minutes or so. If any part of the turkey gets too brown towards the end of cooking, shield with pieces of tin foil. When the turkey is done, juices should run clear from the breast and the legs should pull away from the bird easily. Remove from the heat and let rest for 15 to 20 minutes before carving.


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Why A Case Testing The Theory That Porn Cannot Be Covered By Copyright Could Be Important
from the promoting-what-progress? deptIt really was just a few months ago, that we noted an interesting footnote in a legal ruling, in which a judge speculated briefly on the question of whether or not porn can be covered by copyright. There have been a few courts that have suggested, in fact, that pornography cannot be covered by copyright at all, but it's a legal theory that hasn't been tested much recently. In our comments, many focused on court holdings that said obscene content cannot be subject to copyright -- because it's illegal content, and illegal content has no copyright coverage. However, that was not what the court said. It specifically asked if pornography was even covered by copyright -- and there are at least some legal scholars who have argued that since pornography "cannot reasonably be construed as promoting 'progress'," that it is not subject to copyright law.
It appears that at least someone is now testing this theory in court. Liuxia Wong has filed for declaratory judgment against porn company Hard Drive Productions -- who had done a bit of copyright trolling, demanding $3,400 from her for supposedly downloading "Amateur Allure Jen." While Wong denies downloading the film and was then dismissed from the case (along with all the other defendants) once Hard Drive got their names, the company then did attempt to depose her. She has filed the declaratory judgment (embedded below) claiming that she did not infringe... but also claiming that even if she did, porn is not covered by copyright:
Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution, known as the Copyright Clause, empowers the United States Congress: "To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and discoveries.The argument here is convoluted and unlikely to be a winner, for a variety of reasons. First, the court might not even rule on this particular issue if it doesn't need to. It could dismiss the case or rule on a different reason and just ignore this. But even if it does actually address this issue, I would guess that it would still rule against her on a few grounds. First, she intermingles two separate issues: whether or not the porn itself is illegal (something that the complaint kinda breezes over without much explanation) and whether or not it "promotes the progress."
Thus, copyright is authorized only for works which promote the progress of science and useful arts....
Early circuit law in California held that obscene works did not promote the progress of science and the useful arts, and thus cannot be protected by copyright.
Subsequent non-en banc decisions by the Ninth Circuit failed to follow this prior circuit decision in California.
Given the absence of any subsequent en-banc Ninth Circuit decisions, Supreme Court precedent, or changes in the Constitution that copyright is authorized for works which does not promote the progress of science and the useful arts, the subsequent Ninth Circuit decisions are void and do not constitute binding precedent.
Hard Drive's work does not promote the progress of science.
Hard Drive's work does not promote the useful arts.
Hard Drive has judicially admitted that its work is adult pornography.
Hard Drive's work depicts obscene material.
Plaintiff is informed and believes, and thereon alleges that to create the work, Hard Drive and its agents and/or its employees violated laws which prohibited pimping, pandering, solicitation and prostitution, including any claims of conspiracy.
Hard Drive's work depicts criminal acts and/or conduct.
Hard Drive's work is not copyrightable.
Without proof that the content is illegal, then they're focusing entirely on the question of whether or not it promotes the progress, and unfortunately, I can't see a court taking on that issue for two reasons, one good and one bad. The "good" reason for not determining whether or not porn promotes the progress is that it would involve a judge determining if a particular piece of content promotes the progress. That's a dangerous slippery slope in which judges become art critics (something that has happened in other cases, but should be a concern here).
The "bad" reason is the Supreme Court's horrific and damaging ruling in the Eldred case nearly a decade ago, in which the Supreme Court effectively stated that the only part of the copyright clause that matters is that Congress has the right to set copyright. That case tested whether or not Congress had exceeded the part of the clause that said "for limited times." The (ridiculous) ruling from the Supreme Court basically said that it was not the court's position to determine what was "limited Times" -- and that was an issue left up to Congress. Thus, if the Court has already said that it won't opine on what qualifies as "for limited Times" it seems unlikely (and ridiculously unfortunate) that it also will not have any opinion one what constitutes promoting the progress of science and the useful arts.
Now, I would argue (and have argued) that this is a huge mistake on the part of the court -- and that it very much is not just within the judicial system's mandate to examine this, but that it is required that it take these issues into account in determining if the laws are constitutional or not. Now, before some accuse me of contradicting what I said two paragraphs up about not wanting judges to be art critics, there's an important distinction here. I do think it's appropriate for courts to determine if the overall law serves to promote the progress -- something that can be done in a variety of ways, including economic studies or by looking at the amount of content being created. What I have trouble with, expressed above, is if a judge is in a position to determine if a particular work, by itself, should get copyright based on whether or not it promotes the progress. This is, I hope, a clear distinction.
So while I think this case is interesting, I highly doubt it will go anywhere at all. If, somehow, amazingly, it does go somewhere and a ruling is made, then it actually could become very interesting. Should some courts actually say that the "promoting the progress" part of the copyright clause is something that the judicial system needs to pay attention to, we might start to see an awful lot of very interesting lawsuits, and even the possibility of the worst part of Eldred getting the boot. I'd give it less than one tenth of one percent of actually happening (perhaps even less than that), but just on the small chance that something does happen, it's worth paying attention to this case.
Filed Under: copyright, porn, promote the progress


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Here's another model output oddity that I noticed from a plot and confirmed with a direct screensave. In January 2100, the SH values for an NCAR PCM run, as archived at KNMI, (expressed as an anomaly here) jumps 2.5 deg C from 0.3 deg C to 2.81 deg C, before relaxing to lower values over the next few years. The NH has an offsetting problem with 45-90N dropping over 2 deg C in Jan 2100. Overall it seems to average out. (Did I hear someone say that it therefore "doesn't matter"?)
The problem occurs exactly in January 2100 and one can hardly help wondering whether something has been spliced somewhere along the way – a model version of the Hansen Y2K problem. Again, I do not know whether this is an artifact of how KNMI handles the data extraction or whether it's a property of the model.


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Fairly or not, when Ravens fans look back on yesterday's game (and it will be one that we will remember for a LONG time), it will be Steve Hauschka who many remember as the goat.
Not the vaunted Ravens defense, who, suddenly awful, gave up 426 yards, 167 of those on the ground, and over 20 points AGAIN. The defense is giving up a woeful 21.7 points per game, and if you take out the Week 3 game against Cleveland High School, that number shoots to 25.4 ppg against "real" NFL teams. This is a full 10 POINT PER GAME increase over what 2008's defense managed, with very similar personnel.
I'm not going to sit here and burn the 2nd-year kicker in effigy. Yes, it was a very make-able kick – 44 yards in perfect (indoor) conditions. Yes, had he made it, all the negatives that we saw from our purple and black during the previous 59 minutes and 58 seconds would have been seemingly washed away. And yes, going into the bye week at 4-2, in a virtual tie for the division lead, would be much more desirable than where we currently sit, riding a 3 game losing streak and a full game plus behind Cincinnati and Pittsburgh in the AFC North.
But it was a game in which the Ravens' defensive deficiencies, both on the ground and in the air, were on full display for the entire NFL to see, and any team that is worth their salt will be able to exploit this Ravens defense as it is currently constructed. Adrian Peterson started things off ominously, gaining 26 yards on his first touch. For the day he managed 143 yards on 22 carries, a video-game like average of 6.5 yards per rush, and the Ravens were unable to pry the ball from his hands even once, despite his well-documented fumbling issues.
And even when AD sputtered (basically throughout the 2nd and 3rd quarters), Old Man Brett (Favre) was able to torch the Ravens in the passing game. Favre was 21/29 for 278 yards and 3 touchdowns, his favorite target being Sidney Rice, who pulled in 6 for 176. When the Ravens were able to pressure Favre, he was rendered ineffective; however, those instances were far too few and far between to make much of a difference. Greg Mattison's vanilla 4-3 defensive schemes are simply not getting the job done with the personnel he has at his disposal. Let's hope he fully realizes and accepts that fact, and adjusts accordingly over the next 12 days.
The book on beating the Ravens has become painfully obvious for all to see. At this point, teams are likely to be calling the likes of Clarence Moore to sign for one game when they see B'More on their schedules. I kid, but barely – the aforementioned Rice stands 6'4″, and was yet another example of the intricate offensive scheming it takes to beat the Ravens: "send your tallest receiver deep."
Yesterday, it was Frank Walker who was picked on during Minnesota's final drive. However, Walker was only in the game because Fabian Washington had already been benched for his terrible play against Minnesota receivers up to that point. A huge disappointment, considering Fabe had started to step it up a bit since being named our "did not play like a Raven" in Week 2 against San Diego. On the other side, Dominique Foxworth had a slightly better game. His open field tackle of FB Naufahu Tahi stands out, but he whiffed on at least one other. And who's to say that his "decent" game was nothing more than a function of Washington's ineptitude?
The safeties were no better. Dawan Landry seems but a shell of the player he was prior to his spinal cord concussion last season. On Favre's second touchdown pass to TE Visanthe Shiancoe, Landry looked like the most confused person in the building, as he stood with his back to the line of scrimmage watching Shiancoe run his route uncovered. And, on the decisive 58-yard pass to Rice that set the Vikings up for the go-ahead FG late in the game, there was no safety to be seen. John Harbaugh said after the game that there was "supposed" to be help for Walker over the top, but "the safety" bit on an underneath route. I don't think I'm going out on a limb here assuming "the safety" wears #20. Skirting our responsibilities to freelance again, Ed? How many times does that have to bite you in the rear this season for you to realize that maybe, just maybe, you should stay in position?
Perhaps the most infuriating part of the defensive "effort" was that it managed to overshadow a Ravens offense that nearly pulled off an extremely improbable comeback. Despite scoring only 10 points over the game's first 52 minutes, Joe Flacco had himself in prime position to out-comeback Favre the comeback king, leading the Ravens to 21 points in the game's final 8 minutes. Those three touchdowns came on consecutive drives of 7, 3, and 1 plays, and the final (kick missing) drive was a beautiful 9 play succession that covered 41 yards and bled all but two seconds off the clock to set up what (would've, could've, should've) been the game winner.
Flacco finished the day with a career-high 385 yards and 2 touchdowns, with no turnovers. It was a good enough effort from Joe Cool to win. His defense just let him down, time and time again.
Of course, he had help. Ray Rice was absolutely outstanding in the loss, and is quickly becoming an NFL star. He led the Ravens in rushing (10-77-2) and receiving (10-117-0). His 33-yard scamper with 3:44 to go gave the Ravens their first and only lead of the game. If I had one criticism of Rice for the game, it would be that he did not do all he humanly could to get the ball to the middle of the field on his final carry, which COULD have helped Hauschka a bit.
Even though it's never a good sign when a RB leads your team in receiving, the Ravens' wideouts were far from invisible. Both Mark Clayton and Derrick Mason caught touchdowns, Todd Heap and Kelley Washington each had 3 receptions, and there was even a Demetrius Williams sighting, who caught his first pass of 2009 for 17 yards and a critical 3rd down conversion early in the comeback.
Sure, we had hoped to see Cam Cameron's offense get back to the things they did last year, running the ball and controlling the clock, but an early 14-point deficit combined with terrible field position due to special teams ineptitude conspired to work against that plan of attack. Cameron looked like he had every intention of establishing the run, but in the end was forced to air it out to try to overcome the Vikes' big lead.
The optimist will look at the Ravens' last 3 games, each decided in the waning seconds, and say that they are, realistically, 3 plays from being 6-0. However, the harsh reality is this: over those 3 games, not once did the Ravens manage to put together 60 solid minutes of football on both sides of the ball, and THAT is the reason that those games came down to the wire like they did.
The Ravens, both coaches and players, need to do some soul searching during this much-needed bye week, and find those 60 minutes of football. If they do, then the playoffs are still very much within grasp, with games remaining against Pittsburgh (2), Cincy, Cleveland, Indianapolis, Oakland, and Denver in the AFC, along with winnable inter-conference matches with Detroit, Chicago, and Green Bay. But if they can't, for instance, figure out a way to mask the gaping holes in the secondary, then a once promising season may be on its way down the proverbial toilet.


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Has anyone tried the drink better bowl?
Mia has a drinking problem. She gulps down water so fast that she vomits it right back up. It doesn't matter how much water is in the bowl she must drink it ALL!! I've been regulating her water intake so she can only get a little at a time, and putting her in her crate to let it "settle" after she has a big drink. However this is getting old. I was hoping she'd grow out of this... but has not.
This bowl says it will help? Anyone use it?


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This is another old classic image that I might have shared earlier but it merits repeating. As Salvatore Natoli (a leader in geography education) once said, "In our society we unconsciously equate size with importance and even power." This is one reason why many people have underestimated the true size of Africa relative to places that they view as more important or more powerful.
Tags: mapping, Africa, perspective, images.


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Fukushima Watch: Toshiba's New Nuclear Robot
Japan has created some memorable robots, from Sony's Aibo robotic dogs to Honda Motor Corp.'s Asimo humanoid robot.
But since last year, some Japanese robots have taken on a completely new role: entering highly radioactive parts of a stricken nuclear plant and finding out what's happening inside.
Toshiba Corp., which makes everything from chips to nuclear reactors, said Wednesday that it has developed a tetrapod-shaped robot designed to navigate severely contaminated parts of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, which has been destroyed by last year's earthquake and tsunami.
More than a year and a half after the Fukushima nuclear accident, Japan is still trying to grasp the exact conditions inside the stricken plant, with help from robots. That's still the first step in a decades-long process of cleaning up and decommissioning the reactors. Toshiba has supplied two of the reactors at the Fukushima plant.
Compared to the caterpillar-like robots that have been used at the plant so far, Toshiba says this new four-legged robot can easily climb stairs and avoid obstacles, while capturing images with its camera and measuring radiation levels with its dosimeter in areas human workers can't access.
"This robot can enter parts of the plant that haven't been investigated before," said a Toshiba spokesman.
So far, plant operator Tokyo Electric Power -- commonly known as Tepco -- has surveyed the Fukushima site using multiple robots, including Quince, a robotic cart on caterpillar treads created by a Japanese university researcher.
More In Fukushima Watch
- Key Events to Watch in Japan 2016
- New Robots Deployed at Fukushima
- Tepco Arms Fukushima Crawler With Commercial Smartphone
- Top WSJ Stories on Japan: Fukushima Daiichi, Pepper, Masahiro Tanaka
- Fukushima Watch: Near-Complete Meltdown Confirmed at Reactor 2
- Top WSJ Stories on Japan: Chinese Tourists, Fukushima Daiichi, Nissan
Still, caterpillar-like robots with wheels sometimes have difficulty in climbing steep slopes or stairs, or avoiding objects blocking the way, according to Toshiba.
Toshiba says the new robot, which doesn't have a name, can walk on uneven surfaces with obstacles. Using its arm, the tetrapod robot can release a smaller companion robot, also equipped with a camera, which can examine tiny spaces that the main robot can't enter. The main robot and the companion robot are connected with a cable, but if the smaller robot gets stuck, the main robot can cut off the cable.
A Tepco spokeswoman said the company is considering using the new Toshiba robot at the Fukushima plant, possibly to investigate the outer surfaces of the suppression chamber, a cooling facility that is part of the reactor's container vessel. She added that Tepco hasn't yet decided whether to use the robot.
In December, the Japanese government declared that the plant reached a state of "cold shutdown," meaning the fuel in the reactors has cooled to an extent where no nuclear reaction is taking place.
Follow Juro Osawa on Twitter @JuroOsawa
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A new report posted today by the U.S. Department of Agriculture shows a record 45.8 million Americans received assistance through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in August — 1.1. percent more than in July and 8.1 percent more than in August 2010.
That new record is not surprising: The number of Americans receiving food stamps has reached new highs every month except one since December 2008, according to Bloomberg. Spending on the program also reached a record $6.13 billion.
On the one hand, part of the increase has to be attributed to the high unemployment rate of 9.1 percent. On the other hand, joblessness can't be the entire explanation.
Anyone who has seen "the EBT rap" knows food stamps aren't exactly what they used to be.
"Sandwiches, chips, Snickers, Twix … I'm eating good … Potato chips … A big box of Oreos … Cereal, Kix … My EBT, My EBT … Walking down the Ave, there's food I got a hunger for … I just want some Jam … Walking down the aisle, cuz I just want some ham … Wham!" Mr EBT raps. "It's the EBT, it's not Food Stamps … Breakfast time the cheese is melted … if I don't have my card I use someone else's …"
"Mr. EBT" says he intended his rap to be a parody of welfare abuses. Still, that doesn't change that it captures this truth: As the program is currently constructed, no real incentive exists to move beyond government assistance to a life of work and personal responsibility.
In consequence, more people enroll, but equivalent numbers don't "graduate" from the program. So, not surprisingly, government spending on SNAP has doubled just since 2008:
That'd be fine if the government could afford it. Unfortunately, just as individual Americans most need government assistance, the government is least able to provide it. The deficit and debt are already at unsustainable levels and act as a major drag on the economy and job growth. Yet, in the coming years, the government is set to spend more than ever on welfare anyway. SNAP is just one of more than 70 welfare programs and those programs are projected to cost taxpayers $10.3 trillion over the next decade. It's all a vicious cycle.
So, what does that mean? Should the government just turn off the spigot, even as Americans pay the price for the government's power-trip spending of the past? If the government helped to create the sluggish economy, shouldn't it support citizens through it, as it works to reignite the country's economic engine?
Yes — but it should do so responsibly. Both the architects of government programs and the recipients of government assistance should be held accountable for the way in which they use other people's money. The Heritage Foundation's Katherine Bradley and Robert Rector have a few ideas as to how the government can continue to help those in need, while also reforming the welfare system. Among them: As soon as the recession ends, restore welfare spending to pre-recession levels; limit future growth to the rate of inflation; and apply work requirements to other federal welfare programs.
Moral of the story: The government does taxpayers and assistance recipients a disservice when it fails to incentivize work and perpetuates dependency. Even in the midst of a slow economic recovery, the government should look for ways to slow the growth of the welfare state.


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Learn all about these butterflies with Blackwater Valley Butterflies, a colourful and informative guide, which includes information on all the different butterflies and their habitats found in the Valley.
Blackwater Valley Dragonflies is an easy-to-use guide designed to enable people to identify the 30 species they may encounter across various sites in the Valley.
Walk part or all of the 23-mile Blackwater Valley riverside path and discover some of the parks, green spaces and recreational facilities found en route. This colourful guide provides you with all the information you need to know.


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if anybody hasn't ordered these things from pole120 yet, i'm not sure what you're waiting for. svt_22 and i ordered ours yesterday, and they arrived today.
we installed mine in his garage (little cold outside) and then took the car for a nice test drive through the snow. what a difference! those of you who have these know what i'm talking about. not to mention they look great and josh packages them so pretty, you almost want to leave them in the box. In fact, i found out my rear motor mount was pretty damaged anyway, so if you haven't looked at it for a while, check it out, get these either way, and experience your car they way it should be, with little (liability reasons for josh) to no wheel hop. A little more cabin noise, but who cares. Nice work josh!
UBB.threads™ 6.2.3
Generated in 0.002 seconds in which 0.001 seconds were spent on a total of 4 queries. Zlib compression enabled.


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Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Signs and Symptoms
Myasthenia gravis (MG) weakens and fatigues the body's voluntary muscles (those we can move at will). It doesn't damage the musculature of the heart or the gastrointestinal tract.
Early in its course, MG tends to affect the muscles that control movement of the eyes and eyelids, causingocular weakness. Consequently, a partial paralysis of eye movements (ophthalmoparesis), double vision (diplopia) and droopy eyelids (ptosis) are usually among the first symptoms of MG.
Weakness and fatigue in the neck and jaw also can occur early in MG. This bulbar weakness — named for the nerves that originate from the bulblike part of the brainstem — can make it difficult to talk, chew, swallow and hold up the head.
Bulbar weakness tends to give speech a slurred, nasal quality. It also can lead to frequent choking spells, and make eating unpleasant and tiresome.
In generalized MG, weakness tends to spread sequentially from the face and neck to the upper limbs, the hands and then the lower limbs. It may become difficult to lift the arms over the head, rise from a sitting position, walk long distances, climb stairs or grip heavy objects.
In some cases, weakness may spread to muscles in the chest that control breathing.
Disease course
Weakness and fatigue in MG tend to fluctuate from day to day, and even during a single day. People with the disease are often strongest in the morning after a full night's sleep and weakest in the evening.
Over a longer term, the symptoms of MG usually progress, reaching maximum or near-maximum severity within one to three years of onset in most people. In about 15 percent of people, the disease remains ocular, but in most it becomes oculobulbar or generalized. If the disease remains ocular for three years, it usually doesn't become generalized.
Weakness serious enough to require full-time wheelchair use is not common in MG. Most people, when properly treated, find they can remain physically active.
Remission, a reversal of some or all symptoms, occurs in about 20 percent of people with MG. Usually, the remissions are temporary, with an average duration of five years, but some people experience more than one remission during their lifetime. A few people have experienced apparently permanent remissions, lasting more than 20 years.
Compared to adult-onset MG, juvenile MG tends to progress more slowly and has a higher incidence of remission. Historically, many children given diagnoses of juvenile MG turned out to have a congenital myasthenic syndrome.


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Please note: You are viewing an archived Bucknell University news story. It is possible that information found on this page has become outdated or inaccurate, and links and images contained within are not guaranteed to function correctly.
LEWISBURG, Pa. — Richard Rinehart, director of the Samek Art Gallery, discusses the importance of digital art and the Gallery's collection.
Q. What exactly is digital art and why is it important?
A. Traditional art in the Western fine art tradition would be those media that we are all familiar with: sculpture, painting, photography, printing and printmaking. Nontraditional art is any practice or form that doesn't fit into those standards, so anything from conceptual art or performance art, installation art. More recently, video art is a nontraditional form that has been around long enough to be on the cusp of becoming more of a traditional art.
Digital art is not digitized art, that is to say, pictures of paintings that have been digitized to go on a website. Nor are digitally assisted prints where somebody uses Photoshop to help design a print but then prints it out on paper and hangs it in a frame on the wall in a gallery. That is still traditional art, though it might be digitally assisted.
I define digital art as that which requires computational technologies for its production and its reception; computers are an essential component of making the art and viewing the art.
Digital art is important for some of the reasons that all nontraditional art forms are important, because they expand the vocabulary that an artist is able to use in order to explore ideas. When you expand your vocabulary you're able to articulate ideas better and you're able to ask different kinds of questions.
Digital art is one of a long series of formats that were once new media and have since become traditional media. At a certain point, oil easel painting, which we all recognize as a traditional art form, was once seen as a new medium. Previous to that in Europe, painting really only existed as part of architecture; it was in a stained-glass window or it was a fresco on a ceiling or it was painted on a wooden panel on the altar. This idea that you could put cloth on stretcher bars and cart it around and paint on it and then hang it, that was a new idea.
The same with photography in the 19th century. At first nobody thought of it as an artistic medium; people thought of it as a technological novelty.
The other reason digital art is important, particularly right now, is because digital technologies mediate almost every aspect of our lived lives, at least for those in the Western industrialized world. I think everyone would agree that digital technology has transformed news, education, entertainment and, naturally, art.
Because it is so socially pervasive, it allows artists to occupy the same social spaces, to open up social spaces, allowing artists to insert themselves into people's everyday lives by making art that lives on the Internet or, for instance, or on your cell phone.
Artists are taking themselves outside, so you don't have to go to a fine arts institution to see art; you can see it walking around on your smart phone or on the Internet from your bedroom. That creates a different social situation for the artists which gives them new opportunities; it allows them to do things that they couldn't do inside of a gallery setting.
Q. What direction would you like to take the Samek gallery schedule next year?
A. This year's exhibition schedule was already on the books when I arrived so I'm starting to plan for the summer of 2012. Even though my curatorial focus is new media art, the shows I have planned for 2012 feature sculptures and paintings.
This year allowed me the opportunity to do a lot of smaller, new media curatorial interventions, for example, the 'Not Here' exhibition, which was art you could see only assisted with your smart phone.
Then there's the video wall at the entrance to the Gallery which is a new permanent feature. In the coming seasons we'll see new video art out there. Recently we had the Arts. Everywhere. Festival at which I presented an electronic musician/performance artist, Author & Punisher. Next fall we're planning a sound art installation with a couple of artists so audiences are already getting a taste of the new curatorial direction of the Samek.
I would characterize next summer and next fall's exhibitions that I have planned, without revealing specifics, as shows that plumb the depths of the human psyche and others that will counterbalance that by pointing to the zenith of political hyperbole.
Q. What about your opinion of the Samek's permanent collection?
A. The Samek Art Gallery is actually a museum, which requires exhibitions with regular public hours, an educational and interpretive program, and a permanent collection, all of which we have. But we call it a gallery because we don't want to confuse visitors who might look for a separate building. There are some great works in the collection, some stellar pieces by masters from Rembrandt to Jasper Johns.
It's important to understand the nature of our collection, and any university's collection. The largest museums and institutions are often encyclopedic, like the British Museum and the Metropolitan Museum. They have everything from Etruscan pottery to modern masters to digital art to paintings to costumes.
As the institutions and museums get smaller, the collections tend to be more focused. When you get to the really small museums and galleries, those which exist on university campuses, you get this weird inversion where they become encyclopedic again, like ours — we have Renaissance prints, video art to modernist Master paintings to artists books, all across the board.
It also provides a lot of challenges. Academic collections tend be encyclopedic because one of their functions is to support teaching and research on a campus and the teaching represents a spread of expertise.
Another co-equal function of any academic collection is to enable a university's contribution to cultural preservation, to cultural memory, to social memory. Universities are a site for social memory; as much as they are about the production of new knowledge, they're also about the retention of past knowledge as a spring-board for the new.
The museum collection is one of the main ways in which universities can do this. Toward that end, it's really up to each university to have a curatorial vision, not only for its exhibitions but for its collections.
Q. What do you see our contribution going to be?
A. As far as the Samek collection goes, we need to support teaching and research and instruction on this campus; but, as far as what our contribution in human history is going to be, I have an inkling that there might be room for some new media art alongside our master prints and Modern paintings.
There are a lot of small academic museums that specialize in similar and overlapping things; photography and prints are big, both because they're usually less expensive than paintings and sculptures and they're easier to store. You already have a lot of museums at colleges and universities that are making the same contribution, so in a hundred years, when people are looking for prints from a certain era, you can go to a lot of different places to find them.
I'm thinking about new media for a couple of reasons. A lot of institutions and private collectors are still somewhat scared of collecting it because of the ephemerality; they're not sure how they're going to preserve it. That's one of my areas of expertise, collecting and preserving media art, so Bucknell could take advantage of that; we're one of the places where we know how to preserve that stuff. The trick is to think of new media artworks not like sculptures or paintings, but as musical works - works that do not persist unchanged, but that are re-performed and re-manifested periodically.
It also would offer Bucknell a distinctive title, allow Bucknell to make a unique contribution to cultural heritage preservation such that in 50 or 100 years, when researchers look back, they'll say, "Where can I find some digital art from the early 21st century?" Bucknell may be one of the few places.
We're at a point in history where those artists are young, and other collectors aren't collecting it. Prices are not at all high, so we may be able to get in on the ground floor. We could have the master collection of digital art in the 23rd century. We could be the Barnes Collection of digital art.
One of the other challenges for the collection, and for me in the coming years, is to figure out the direction of this collection. For instance, is the Samek going to be an antiquities collection, an anthropological collection, an ethnographic collection, a history collection or an art collection?
Most people think of a curator as thinking toward the past; you're looking at old paintings and old dusty things and you're bringing them out, you're contextualizing them in history. But curators are really futurists, that's the real job; to take the past and then interpret it for the present and then, in terms of collecting, think about the future.
Preservation is a very future-oriented activity because you have to think, Why are you collecting this stuff? For whom? For students who are going to be at Bucknell in 100 years!
Interviewed by Kathryn Kopchik
New editions of "Ask the Experts" will appear on the Bucknell website on most Thursdays during the fall and spring semesters. If you have ideas for future topics or are a faculty or staff member who would like to participate, contact Molly O'Brien-Foelsch.
To learn more about faculty and staff experts who can speak on a variety of news topics, visit Bucknell's searchable Experts Guide.
Contact: Division of Communications


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Murdoch hit by ratings slide as kids grow up
IT WAS fun while it lasted, but the vaudeville bubble seems to have finally burst. With those kids that carried the ratings juggernauts American Idol and The X Factor in recent years now growing up and heading off to university, it seems this is taking a toll on profits of Rupert Murdoch's News Corp.
''We have had a very disappointing year ratings-wise,'' News chief operating Officer Chase Carey told analysts on Thursday at the media company's second-quarter results. ''We're working to improve them.''
The soft ratings in News' US free-to-air Fox Network was largely behind the pullback in News' full-year profit guidance and the corresponding share price drop. All this has put a dampener on Murdoch's plans to split his company in two, where the unfashionable newspaper division will be sliced from the more profitable Hollywood-driven entertainment businesses. God forbid, maybe all those kids are going to start reading newspapers. Perhaps there's even a TV sitcom in that.
Free economy
TAJIKISTAN has Sughd and Panj; Russia has Dubna. Moldova has Otaci and Lithuania has Kaunas. Ireland has one, Iran has several, Georgia two and Bulgaria six. Free economic zones seem to be all the rage at the moment and Australia - on a high after winning a temporary seat on the United Nations Security Council - could be eyeing membership of this exclusive club. Just this week CBD was thinking fondly of the futuristic Multifunction Polis. Although it took a decade to officially kill off the MFP (in 1998), the clock is ticking on this one.
Tinkler stalled
COULD a simple breakdown be the reason why debt-laden Singaporean Nathan Tinkler can't make it to Bathurst?
The embattled former Novocastrian was to drive a Porsche around Mount Panorama Circuit in this weekend's Bathurst 12-Hour endurance race, but Wednesday brought the sad news that he had withdrawn his entry.
A correspondent tells CBD that Tinkler's racing truck, emblazoned with his Hunter Sports Group logo, was spotted stranded outside of Richmond, north-west of Sydney, on Wednesday morning.
''It was there, bonnet up, for a few hours,'' our spy said. ''Last I saw of it there was a service van with a mechanic there trying to get it mobile again. Not much point in taking the Porsche to Bathurst if it is in a similar state of maintenance.''
Raw prawns
AND updating Wednesday's item regarding people getting food poisoning at luxury resort Hayman Island after eating the prawn pizza back in October, operator Mulpha International has been in touch to say it wasn't that bad.
''We had 2500 guests in October and there was no spate of food poisoning in [the island's Italian restaurant] La Trattoria or anywhere else on the whole island,'' a Mulpha spokesman said. ''We had two reports from guests of stomach problems during that time.''
Socialite deleted
AS IF the prospect of her husband going to jail wasn't bad enough, Sydney PR queen Roxy Jacenko now faces the ultimate indignity.
The Wikipedia entry of little sister Ruby now faces deletion because, according to one of the website's users, ''this person is not worthy of a Wikipedia page''.
Roxy and Ruby used to be best of enemies, with socialite Ruby allegedly punching her elder sister in the face after being kicked out of one of Roxy's PR shindigs back in 2008.
But things have seemed copacetic since last year, when Ruby made an appearance at Roxy's wedding to investment banker Oliver Curtis.
Curtis, a former Cleo Bachelor of the Year and the son of Lynas Corporation boss Nick Curtis, faces jail if he is convicted on charges of insider trading alleged to have reaped him more than $1 million.
Meanwhile, Ruby's Wikipedia page will be deleted on Monday unless someone objects.
''The last I checked, being a 'socialite' is not a profession,'' sniffed the anonymous user proposing Ruby be consigned to the memory hole.
''I am sure Ruby is a lovely person and no doubt may in fact one day be worthy of a Wikipedia page. Until then Twitter and Facebook are where her details should be found.''
Adding insult to injury, despite being the boss of leading fashion PR firm Sweaty Betty, married to a famous alleged insider trader and having her newly renovated home featured in Grazia magazine, Roxy herself doesn't even have a Wikipedia entry.
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Kyle Bent – "Hurry Up"June 12th, 2012 by HipHopIsLove | Hidden Gem, Hip-Hop/Rap, Music Video |
Kyle Bent is the definition of youngin on his grind. At the young age of 14, the high school freshman already has the skills of a veteran. Kyle Bent was born in Jamaica and later moved out to Randolph MA, a suburb of Boston. The young emcee not only has some unbelievable talent but a fan base to support him. At first listen I was blown away, it's kids like Kyle Bent that keep the good name of Hip-hop alive.
Kyle recently released his newest mixtape entitled "The Catalyst" which can be found on Datpiff.com.(Download here) Kyle Bent also released visuals for his latest single "Hurry Up". With Producerboyz producing the track and HLRboston making the visuals, you truly can't go wrong. This kid definitely has a bright future ahead of him. Make sure to "like" his Facebook page and download "The Catalyst".
To stay up to date with the games up and coming artists follow @HipHopisLove on Twitter.


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Professional pH and Moisture Meter with 12" probe. Operation is simple. Clean the electrodes and place the meter into the soil. A pH reading is automatically displayed. Press the white button and a moisture reading is displayed. It works by utilizing the electronic ground field effect of the earth and two dissimilar metals. No batteries are required. 1 year limited warranty.
Note: Calibration Buffer Solutions are available separately.
— Ships from H: WA, CA, CO, MI, TN, PA, FL USA.


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Pebeo's XL Studio Oil Color has been developed to fulfill the needs of contemporary expression. The colors mix easily and quickly, and a fast drying time allows artists to add new coats after only three days, perfect for glazes and impastos.
Color Swatches created using heavy application/medium application/50% tint and were applied on acrylic primed canvas (7 oz) material.
organic, monoazo
This Naphthol Red is an intense scarlet red pigment that is heavily staining. It has an average drying time. It is semi-transparent and has relatively poor covering power.
This Naphthol Red has been rated as having excellent lightfastness under ASTM testing, but other testing methods have demonstrated some tendancy for the color to fade with exposure to strong ultraviolet light. It has been considered a replacement for less lightfast naphthol reds such as PR3. Not suitable for exterior use.
Naphthol Reds are not considered toxic. Naphthol Red AS-D may cause eye, skin, or respiratory irritation. Contact with dry pigment should be avoided.
Naphthal, Naphthol Bordeaux, Naphthol Carbamide, Naphthol Carmine, Permanent Carmine, Permanent Red, Fanchon Red.
Pigment PY74 is one of the most commercially important pigments of the Hansa Yellow group, considered superior to many others in its class based on both tinting strength and lightfastness. Several PY74 grades with different particle sizes are available. Grades with finer particle size are more brilliant and transparent. Pigment PY74 ranges from reddish yellow to greenish yellow, with temperature shifts from cool to warm hues. It has high tinting strength and average to slow drying time.
This Hansa Yellow has better lightfastness that other yellow monoazo pigments, particularly in the darker shades.
Hansa Yellow has no significant acute hazards, though its chronic hazards have not been well studied.
Hansa Yellows were first made in Germany just before WW1 from a series of synthetic dyestuffs called Pigment Yellow. They were intended to be a synthetic replacement for Cadmium Yellow.
Arylide, Arylide Yellow, Azo, Brilliant Yellow, Monoazo, Monolite Yellow, Permanent Yellow.
titanium dioxide
Titanium White is the most brilliant of the white pigments. It is considered an all purpose oil color useful in all techniques and the best all around white. Its masstone is neither warm nor cool, placing it somewhere between Lead White and Zinc White. It is less prone to cracking and yellowing than Lead White, but it still yellows easily. Titanium White dries slowly in oil form, more slowly than Lead White but more quickly than Zinc White. It is opaque in oil and acrylic forms and semi-opaque in watercolor form. This pigment has good chemical stability, and its tinting strength is superior to both Lead White and Zinc White.
Titanium White has excellent permanence and lightfastness.
Titanium dioxide is highly stable and is regarded as completely non-toxic. Animal studies give no indiciation that it is absorbed biologically, even after long periods of exposure. The primary safety concern is with inhalation of fine pigment dust particles. Titanium White, if inhaled in large amounts over the course of several years, may cause a benign pneumoconiosis that is visible on x-rays. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) considers fine titanium dioxide particles, if inhaled, to be a human carcinogen. The primary concern for artists is to avoid exposure to fine particulate dust from raw pigments.
Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, however mineral deposits that are economical to mine are less common. Titanium dioxide was first discovered in 1821, although it could not be mass produced until 1919. Widespread use of the pigment began in the 1940s. Since that time, it has become the most commonly used white pigment. The name comes from the Latin word Titan, the name for the elder brother of Kronos and ancestor of the Titans, and from the Greek word tito, meaning day or sun.
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The FA will not be taking action against Sir Alex Ferguson over his Boxing Day rant
Sir Alex Ferguson will not face any FA action over his angry touchline protests towards match officials on Wednesday.
Last Updated: 27/12/12 3:10pm
Ferguson was unhappy because Newcastle went 2-1 up in the first half when a Jonny Evans own goal, having initially been disallowed for offside against Papiss Cisse, was eventually allowed to stand after consultation between the officials.
Before the second-half began, the United boss could be seen remonstrating with referee Mike Dean, fourth official Neil Swarbrick and linesman Jake Collin, and it had been suggested that the ref might make an official complaint.
However, Dean's match report made no mention of Ferguson's conduct and so the FA will not be pursuing the matter further.
Asked about the controversial Evans own goal after the match, Ferguson said: "The linesman correctly whistled for offside, because Cisse was in an offside position when the cross was made and he also pulled on Evans' arm.
"If that's not interference, what is interference? That's the point I was making to Mike Dean."
However, the Premier League have backed Dean and issued a clarification which said that "as Cisse did not play the ball, then he was not interfering with play".
The league added: "It is also the case that Cisse didn't interfere with the opponent."
Despite falling behind three times, United ended up winning the game 4-3 thanks to a 90th-minute Javier Hernandez goal and they are now seven points clear at the top of the table, because nearest rivals Manchester City lost 1-0 at Sunderland.


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Reviewed by Jakob B. (age 7) and Ernesto A. (age 7)
We liked this book because we like pirates. Tough Boris looks so mean. When his parrot dies he gets sad. He cries. The other pirates cry. We didn't know that pirates cry. We thought they were always mean. The pictures are so cool. They show what it is like to be a pirate out at sea. There are gigantic pictures on every page. There are not many words in this book. Most of the words tell about the way Tough Boris acts.
If you have ever had a favorite pet die this is a good book for you to read.


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I will only contact you when there is a new story availabe. That's it. I hate spam too!


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Roneisha Mullen
African-Americans are constantly warned about cancers that disproportionately affect them.Breast cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer all top the list of diseases African-Americans are told to be on the look out for and to take aggressive measures to prevent. But skin cancer -- usually associated with people with fair skin -- is not on that list and many blacks believe they are automatically protected against it. Think again. Individuals with dark skin are not immune from sun-inducing skin cancer, said, Dr. Frank Barone, a Toledo area plastic surgeon who also performs medical skin care. "It's true that darker pigment protects skin from harmful rays, to some extent," Dr. Barone said. "Sun is still the primary cause of skin cancer in African-Americans." Skin cancer in blacks isn't nearly as common as it is in other ethnic groups. It comprises just 1 percent to 2 percent of all cancers among blacks. But the fatality rate for African-Americans with melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, is almost double that of Caucasians, Dr. Barone said. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports the survival rate for African-Americans with melanoma is 77 percent, compared to 91 percent for Caucasians. "Melanoma is not picked up as early in African-Americans," Dr. Barone said. "Once it's diagnosed, it's usually in the later stages and more likely to be fatal." In 2006, the CDC reported that of the more than 53,000 people diagnosed with skin cancer, only 311 were black. Of those 311 blacks, 126 died from melanomas. In one of the most notable cases of skin cancer in the black community, reggae legend Bob Marley discovered a type of malignant melanoma under one of his toe nails. The cancer spread to his lungs and brain, causing his death at age 36. Not all skin cancers are fatal. Basal and squamous cell skin cancers develop in sun exposed areas of the skin. The cancers are slow growing and less likely to spread than melanoma. Darico Willis remembers putting on sunscreen as a child, but abandoned the practice once he was older. The 18-year-old Toledo man, who often works outdoors, said he didn't understand the purpose of sunscreen. "My mom used to make me wear it," said Mr. Willis who is of mixed race. "I never knew why she made me wear it, so once I was older, I stopped." Sidi Shabaa, Mr. Willis' co-worker, said despite working outdoors, using sunscreen has never crossed his mind. "I never thought [black people] needed it," said Mr. Shabaa, 21, of Toledo. "I've never seen anyone use it." Sherie Moore works out four to five times a week outdoors at Wildwood Park. The Toledo woman, 40, is aware of the possibility of skin cancer, yet she's never worn sunscreen. "I used to think that [black people] couldn't get it, but I know that's not true," Ms. Moore said. "Other than when I'm working out, I'm not usually outdoors. Wildwood is pretty shady, so I figured I didn't need [sunscreen]." Genetics also plays a role when it comes to melanoma in African-Americans, accounting for many cases of melanoma in the black community, said Dr. Adnan Amkhalil, an oncologist at Mercy Cancer Center. " If someone in the family has had it, it's possible for others to develop it," Dr. Amkhalil said. "You can't change genetics." Skin cancers develop over time, Dr. Amkhalil said. The more exposure to sun on unprotected skin overtime, the higher the risk of getting cancer. "Intense exposure, starting in childhood, leads to increased risk" Dr. Amkhalil said. "The damage can start at any age and for anyone." Contact RoNeisha Mullen at email@example.com or 419-724-6133. (c)2012 The Blade (Toledo, Ohio) Visit The Blade (Toledo, Ohio) at www.toledoblade.com


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University of Northwestern Ohio
Regular PHR readers are no doubt familiar with the University of Northwestern Ohio (UNOH) as the host of our annual engine-building competition, the AMSOIL Engine Masters Challenge. The tremendous support of the student assistants and the university's outstanding facilities are major factors in the continued success of the Challenge. UNOH, founded in 1920, is a private, not-for-profit institution that offers students a clear pathway to bring skills to the forefront. Of particular interest to us is the College of Technologies, which offers their accredited programs in Automotive Technologies, Diesel Technology, High Performance Motorsports, Alternate Fuels Technology, Agricultural Technology, and HVAC/R Technology.
The demand for instruction in these varied fields is evident from the growth of the College of Technologies to encompass six modern buildings, which contain more than 163,000 square feet of classroom and shop space, as well as student and faculty lounges to accommodate the increasing enrollment in the programs.
University of Northwestern Ohio
Racing Fuel
VP Racing Fuels
An engine's main purpose is to extract the energy available from its fuel. Naturally, the quality of that fuel is going to have a major influence on how the engine is built, the selection of components, and ultimately, how much power it is going to make. For the 2011 AMSOIL Engine Masters Challenge, we really stepped up the fuel specification, and ultimately stepped up the horsepower potential. With the introduction of two classes of competition at the Challenge—Street and Xtreme Street—we had very specific fuel requirements for each category.
To meet these needs we specified VP 100 Street Performance Fuel in the Street Division, and VP Q16 Racing Fuel for the Xtreme Division. As the power numbers proved, showing over 2 hp per cubic inch in Xtreme, the VP Racing fuel was up to the task. As an industry leader in a wide range of both professional and amateur motorsports, VP Racing Fuels comes with the hard-earned credentials of spectacular success in variety of racing venues.
VP Racing Fuels
Engine Tools
Precision Measurement Supply
Engine building at any level is a specialized task, and to get it done correctly requires specialized tools. In the racing and performance world, an engine builder's tool needs only increase, and the quality, reliability, and accuracy becomes ever more critical. Precision Measurement Supply is a company dedicated to meeting these needs, with precision measuring tools to zero-in on the exact specifications that separate a professional engine build from the rest of the pack.
With a product line filled with tools and fixtures designed to increase accuracy and productivity, Precision Measurement Supply was the perfect choice as a supplier of the specialty tools required by the AMSOIL Engine Master Challenge tech crew for performing the critical tech inspection portion of the event. Whether you are an occasional engine-building hobbyist, or a full-time machine shop operator, the innovative products offered by Precision Measuring Supply belong in your toolbox.
Precision Measurement Supply
SuperFlow and DTS are once again a part of the 2011 AMSOIL Engine Masters Challenge, but this time as the same organization. After merging in May of 2011, SuperFlow and DTS have been busy streamlining their engine dynamometer lineup and integrating key staff into the new organization. The goal: to offer a set of engine dynos that are unrivaled in terms of quality, innovation, and performance. "We've taken the best features of both dynamometers and combined them onto both the Powermark and SF-902," said Dave Arsenault, former president of DTS and now senior mechanical engineer at SuperFlow.
By combining the technologies of the two leading dynamometers in the performance industry, the stage is set for advancement along both previous product lines. Now all-new DTS Powermarks are shipping exclusively with SuperFlow's WinDyn Data Acquisition system to provide more channels, faster sampling rates, and a fully customizable test environment.
One of the key formulas for success in bringing you the annual Engine Masters Challenge is the support of the outstanding companies that make up our sponsors. With AMSOIL taking the lead as our title sponsor, meeting the critical lubrication requirements of the competitors' engines is in capable hands. AMSOIL pioneered the use of synthetic oil in automotive applications, creating the first di-ester–based engine oil to pass the API sequence test and receive API qualification in 1972.
From this beginning, AMSOIL has grown and remains a leading company in the synthetic oil market, with an expanding product line that now includes a huge selection of synthetic lubricants for all types of engine and gear applications, as well as companion products from fuel additives to filtration systems. AMSOIL products are distributed through a worldwide network of independent dealers, bringing the high performance of synthetic lubricants to crankcases everywhere.
AMSOIL inc.
Mufflers make a difference in performance. Making horsepower relies upon moving air through an engine and the formula here has two parts: the air and fuel mixture getting drawn in, and the spent gasses being blown out. These two factors of the horsepower equation are critical to provide the engine with the free breathing needed to make power. In fact, even the best cylinder heads, induction, and cam will fall flat if the exhaust is choking flow through the system. Flowmaster makes a science of the flow of exhaust gasses out of the engine, with high-capacity mufflers and exhaust system components that help the performance enthusiast or racer strike the correct balance of flow, sound control, and tone.
With a name universally recognized in the performance exhaust world today, we were excited to have Flowmaster on board as the official muffler of the 2011 AMSOIL Engine Masters Challenge. Flowmaster stepped up to the plate, with the hardware needed to get the job done, with the Flowmaster Super 40 Series Muffler in Street, and the Outlaw Series Muffler for the Xtreme division.


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Seems like the dude has been around forever.
Every game he just straps it on and plays ball. He'll never be a superstar, but he's kind of becoming the Chris Gray of the defense. The guy that kept on playing because there wasn't anyone better ... because eventually you just have to admit that he's damn good.
Every winning team has solid vets like this guy, who don't cost a lot, but do their job. He has my respect.


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The Distant Galaxy MACS 1149-JD
With the combined power of NASA's Spitzer and Hubble space telescopes, as well as a cosmic magnification effect, astronomers have spotted what could be the most distant galaxy ever seen. Light from the primordial galaxy traveled approximately 13.2 billion light-years before reaching NASA's telescopes, shining forth from the so-called cosmic dark ages when the universe was just 3.6 percent of its present age.
Astronomers relied on gravitational lensing to catch sight of the early, distant galaxy. In this phenomenon, predicted by Albert Einstein a century ago, the gravity of foreground objects warps and magnifies the light from background objects.
At the center we see light from the newfound galaxy MACS 1149-JD. these visible and infrared light images from Hubble, MACS 1149-JD looks like a dim, red speck. The small galaxy's starlight has been stretched into longer wavelengths, or "redshifted," by the expansion of the universe. MACS 1149-JD's stars originally emitted the infrared light seen here at much shorter, higher-energy wavelengths, such as ultraviolet.
The far-off galaxy existed within an important era when the universe transformed from a starless expanse during the dark ages to a recognizable cosmos full of galaxies. The discovery of the faint, small galaxy opens a window onto the deepest, remotest epochs of cosmic history.


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Queens pawn openings
What should I do if my opponent chooses to play something else??
Chat about chess openings and endgames here. Learn new openings and perfect your endgame technique!
mentalplayer wrote:c4 is a quite normal choice for which u can decline by Nf6 or e6.if u opponent plays something else like e3 its also a normal line where u can push up e6 and later c5 which makes the center strong..there no much threats in the opening line of queen pawn.so u can just play with some careful attitude
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text: Randall has just finished third grade and is about to experience his first summer in Rushport since his parents' divorce. He likes to keep busy and is not finding much to do in his new neighborhood until he and his only friend Max decide to start a chess club. The club is a friendship-making catalyst for Randall until an older man takes over the park chess table and the class bully threatens to ruin the nice community they have built together. Subtle subplots add depth to this tale for early readers. When Mrs. Mick, Randall's older neighbor and babysitter, loses her parrot, the summer gets a little more interesting. When the parrot, whose only words are "love ya, gorgeous," becomes a matchmaker, middle-grade readers will see that friends can come in all ages. Judy Moody and Stink fans will not be bored with this offering. (Fiction. 8-11)


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Israel News - Stay Informed, Pray Informed
The office of Prime Minister Ehud Olmert admitted on Wednesday that it is allowing the transfer of hundreds of millions of shekels to the Hamas government in the Gaza Strip every month.
Most of the funds enter Gaza in currency exchanges for the dollars and euros Hamas smuggles into the territory following fund-raising trips to Iran and other supportive Middle East regimes.
In a letter to the Prime Minister's Office earlier in the week, the Shurat Hadin Israel Law Center warned that the government was actively aiding the perpetuation of Hamas rule in Gaza, despite its own stated policies.
Shurat Hadin director Nitsana Darshan-Leitner explained that without the influx of Israeli shekels, the currency of record in Gaza, Hamas would be financially unable to rule. By allowing the entry of shekels into Gaza, Darshan-Leitner noted that Israel is breaching an economic embargo of Gaza by Western powers that Israel itself insisted upon, and is helping a terrorist organization to launder money, a direct violation of the Terror-Funding Act of 2005.
Worse, said Darshan-Leitner, is the fact that " the Israeli government's policy of transferring shekels is assisting the Hamas terrorists with their missile attacks on the Negev communities."
In response, Olmert's office wrote that "due to conclusions that there is an Israeli interest that the transfer of funds continue, a decision was made to continue to transfer certain sums of money to the Gaza Strip."
Shurat Hadin has threatened to sue the government both in local and international courts if the transfer of funds does not cease.
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Drew Barrymore has given her seal of approval to Kristen Wiig's new relationship with her ex-boyfriend Fabrizio Moretti.
Barrymore star split from The Strokes drummer in 2007 after a five-year romance and he went on to find love with her "Whip It" co-star Wiig.
However, Barrymore insists there are no hard feelings over her pal's relationship with her ex-boyfriend.
She tells Allure magazine, "It all seems so wacky and incestuous, but that's kind of how life works. It seems fitting that they would find each other. I was like, 'Right, of course, that makes perfect sense'."
Barrymore married art consultant Will Kopelman in June.