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Tiberius, in full Tiberius Caesar Augustus or Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus, original name Tiberius Claudius Nero, (born November 16, 42 bce—died March 16, 37 ce, Capreae [Capri], near Naples), second Roman emperor (14–37 ce), the adopted son of Augustus, whose imperial institutions and imperial boundaries he sought to preserve. In his last years he became a tyrannical recluse, inflicting a reign of terror against the major personages of Rome.
Background and youth
Tiberius's father, also named Tiberius Claudius Nero, a high priest and magistrate, was a former fleet captain for Julius Caesar. His mother, the beautiful Livia Drusilla, was her husband's cousin and may have been only 13 years old when Tiberius was born. In the civil wars following the assassination of Julius Caesar, the elder Tiberius gave his allegiance to Mark Antony, Caesar's protégé. When Augustus, Caesar's grandnephew and heir, fell out with Antony and defeated him in the ensuing power struggle, the elder Tiberius and his family became fugitives. They fled first to Sicily and then to Greece, but by the time Tiberius was three years old an amnesty was granted and the family was able to return to Rome.
In 39 bce Augustus had the power, if not yet the title, of emperor. Attracted by the beauty of Livia, who was at that time pregnant with a second son, Augustus divorced his own wife, who was also pregnant, and, forcing the elder Tiberius to give up Livia, married her. The infant Tiberius remained with his father, and, when the younger brother, Drusus, was born a few months later, he was sent to join them. At the death of his father, Tiberius was nine years old, and, with Drusus, he went to live with Livia and the emperor. The two boys and the emperor's daughter, Julia, between them in age, studied together, played together, and took part in the obligatory ceremonials of temple dedication and celebration of victories. They were joined by their cousin Marcellus, the son of Augustus's sister, Octavia.
In the absence of a clear law designating Augustus's successor as emperor, all three boys were trained accordingly. They were instructed in rhetoric, literature, diplomacy, and military skills, and soon they also began taking a ceremonial role in the affairs of state. As oldest, Tiberius was the first to do so. In the triumph following Augustus's victory over Cleopatra and Antony at Actium, the 13-year-old Tiberius rode the right-hand horse of Augustus's chariot in the procession. Though not a striking figure, he conducted himself well.
Serious by nature, he had become a shy youth, though he was sometimes called sullen. His great talent was application. With the best teachers in the empire at his disposal and, above all, as a participant in life at the palace, the centre of the civilized Western world, he learned rapidly. By age 14 Tiberius was used to dining with kings of the empire, to conducting religious services over the heads of powerful men five times his age, and even to seeing his own form in marble statues.
Years in the shadow of Augustus
Tiberius was not handsome. As a teenager, he was tall and broad-shouldered, but his complexion was bad. His nose had a pronounced hook, but that was typically Roman. His manner was disconcerting. He had a slow, methodical way of speaking that seemed intended to conceal his meaning rather than make it plain. But he was diligent. He may not have known he would be emperor, but he cannot have doubted that he would be at least a general at a rather early age and thereafter a high official in the government of Rome. In 27 bce, when Tiberius was 15 years old, Augustus took him and Marcellus to Gaul to inspect outposts. They experienced no fighting, but they learned a great deal about how to rule the marches, keep fortifications intact, and keep garrisons alert. When they returned, Augustus gave Marcellus his daughter Julia as wife.
Then Tiberius himself married. Love matches were infrequent in imperial Rome, but Tiberius's marriage to Vipsania Agrippina was one. She was the daughter of Marcus Agrippa, Augustus's son-in-law and lieutenant. Besides his love for his wife—and for his brother, Drusus, now growing into manhood—he was occupied with important work. His first military command, at age 22, resulting in the recovery of standards of some Roman legions that had been lost decades before in Parthia, brought him great acclaim. As a reward, he asked for another active command and was given the assignment of pacifying the province of Pannonia on the Adriatic Sea. Tiberius not only conquered the enemy but so distinguished himself by his care for his men that he found himself popular and even loved. When he returned to Rome, he was awarded a triumph.
Tiberius's happy years were coming to an end, however. His beloved brother, Drusus, broke his leg in falling from a horse while campaigning in Germany. Tiberius was at Ticinum (Pavia)—on the Po River, south of what is now Milan—400 miles away. He rode day and night to be with his brother and arrived just in time to see Drusus die. Tiberius escorted the body back to Rome, walking in front of it on foot all the way. He also had to give up his wife, Vipsania, the other person he loved. Augustus's daughter Julia had become a widow for the second time. Her first husband, Marcellus, had died, and the emperor had married her to Agrippa (who, as Vipsania's father, was Tiberius's father-in-law). When Agrippa died in 12 bce, Augustus wanted her suitably married at once and chose Tiberius as her third husband. Tiberius had no more choice than his father had had when Augustus decided to marry Livia. Tiberius was as obedient as his father. He divorced Vipsania and married Julia.
Tiberius's new wife has come down in history with a reputation for licentiousness. It is not certain how much of the reputation she deserved. Roman historians often dealt in gossip, inventing scandal when there was none; but in Julia's case they had good reason for their opinion. When Julia married Tiberius, he was 30. She was 27, twice a widow, the mother of five children (not all surviving). She was pretty and light-minded and liked the society of men. She did not get along with her mother-in-law (who was also her stepmother), Livia, and after the first few months she tired of Tiberius. It is certain that she committed adultery, and this presented Tiberius with an immense problem, not only personal but also political. A law of Augustus himself required a husband to denounce a wife who committed adultery. But Julia was the emperor's beloved child, and, as Augustus knew nothing of her vices, to denounce her would be to wound him, and that was dangerous.
With no good course of action to follow, Tiberius asked for and received fighting commands away from Rome. When once in Rome between battles, he chanced to see Vipsania at the home of a friend. She had, at Augustus's orders, been remarried to a senator. Tiberius was so overcome with sorrow that he followed her through the streets, weeping. Augustus heard of it and ordered Tiberius never to see her again. Although Augustus heaped honours on Tiberius, they did not compensate for Julia's behaviour. In 6 bce Tiberius was granted the powers of a tribune and shortly thereafter went into a self-imposed exile on the island of Rhodes, leaving Julia in Rome.
Tiberius was now 36 years old and at the pinnacle of his power. He was capable of ruling an empire, conducting a great war, or governing a province of barbarians. In Rhodes he had nothing to do, and all of his ability and strength appear to have turned inward, into strange and unpleasant behaviour. Although the histories of Tiberius's reign—written either by flatterers, like his old war comrade Velleius Paterculus, or by enemies—are not wholly trustworthy, there can be no question that a change took place in Tiberius at this time. What emerged was a man who seemed interested only in his own satisfactions and the increasingly perverse ways to find them. On Rhodes Tiberius became a recluse—unassuming and amiable at first, resentful and angry later on. Though Tiberius had left Rome of his own free will, daring the emperor's wrath, he could not return without Augustus's permission. Augustus withheld that permission for the better part of a decade.
Eventually, Livia secured proofs of Julia's many adulteries and took them to Augustus, who was furious. Under his own law she should have been executed, but he did not have the heart for that; instead, he exiled her for life to the tiny island of Pandateria. But even then Tiberius was not recalled. There were three young men whom the emperor appeared to favour as heirs, all sons of Julia. One of them, Postumus, reportedly no more than a boor, fell into disfavour with Augustus and was sent into exile with his mother. The other two, Lucius and Gaius, were clearly candidates to succeed. But in 2 bce Lucius died in Massilia (Marseille), and the emperor relented. He called Tiberius back to Rome. By 4 ce Tiberius was in possession of all his honours again, and in that year Gaius was killed in a war in Lycia. Tiberius had become the second man in Rome. Augustus did not like him, but he adopted him as his son. He had no choice, and he was growing old. Tiberius was the least objectionable successor left.
Tiberius became proud and powerful. His statues had been torn down and defaced while he was in Rhodes. Now they were rebuilt. He was given command of an army to quell Arminius, who had destroyed three Roman legions in Germany in 9 ce; he succeeded wholly. He was succeeding at everything now, and in 14 ce, on August 19, Augustus died. Tiberius, now supreme, played politics with the Senate and did not allow it to name him emperor for almost a month, but on September 17 he succeeded to the principate. He was 54 years old.
Reign as emperor
Although the opening years of Tiberius's reign seem almost a model of wise and temperate rule, they were not without displays of force and violence, of a kind calculated to secure his power. The one remaining possible contender for the throne, Postumus, was murdered, probably at Tiberius's orders. The only real threat to his power, the Roman Senate, was intimidated by the concentration of the Praetorian Guard, normally dispersed all over Italy, within marching distance of Rome.
Apart from acts such as these, Tiberius's laws and policies were both patient and far-seeing. He did not attempt great new conquests. He did not move armies about or change governors of provinces without reason. He stopped the waste of the imperial treasury, so that when he died he left behind 20 times the wealth he had inherited, and the power of Rome was never more secure. He strengthened the Roman navy. He abandoned the practice of providing gladiatorial games. He forbade some of the more outlandish forms of respect to his office, such as naming a month of the calendar after him, as had been done for Julius Caesar and Augustus.
There were, to be sure, occasional wars and acts of savage repression. Tiberius's legions put down a provincial rebellion with considerable bloodshed. In Rome itself, on the pretext that four Jews had conspired to steal a woman's treasure, Tiberius exiled the entire Jewish community. The most ominous and least defensible aspect of Tiberius's first years as emperor was the growth of the practice called "delation." Most crimes committed by well-to-do citizens were, under Roman law, punished in part by heavy fines and confiscations. These fines contributed in large part to the growth of the imperial treasury, but the money did not all go to the fiscus. Because there were no paid prosecutors, any citizen could act as a volunteer prosecutor, and, if the person he accused was convicted, he could collect a share of the confiscated property. These volunteers, called delatores, made a profitable career of seeking out or inventing crime. Many of the prosecutions were based on rumour or falsified evidence, and there were few Romans who were so honoured or so powerful that they did not need to fear the attack of the delatores on any suspicion, or on none at all.
In 23 ce Tiberius's son Drusus died. He had not been particularly loved by his father, but his death saddened Tiberius. From then on he spared less and less thought to the work of empire. More and more he delegated his authority in the actual running of affairs over to the man he had entrusted with the important command of the Praetorian Guard, Sejanus. Before long Tiberius was emperor only in name.
Ironically, the death of Drusus, the event that brought Sejanus to power, may have been Sejanus's own doing. Apparently Sejanus had seduced the wife of the younger Drusus, Livilla, and induced her to become his accomplice in murdering her husband. The evidence is not absolute and has been questioned by many historians, but it was not questioned by Tiberius. In 27 ce, at age 67, Tiberius left Rome to visit some of the southern parts of Italy. En route he paused to go to the island of Capri. His intention appears to have been only to stay for a time, but he never returned to Rome. It is the remaining decade or so of Tiberius's life that has given rise to the legend of Tiberius the monster. It seems probable, to begin with, that Tiberius, never handsome, had become repulsively ugly. First his skin broke out in blotches, and then his complexion became covered with pus-filled eruptions, exuding a bad smell and causing a good deal of pain. He built himself a dozen villas ringing Capri, with prisons, underground dungeons, torture chambers, and places of execution. He filled his villas with treasure and art objects of every kind and with the enormous retinue appropriate to a Caesar: servants, guards, entertainers, philosophers, astrologers, musicians, and seekers after favour. If the near-contemporary historians are to be believed, his favourite entertainments were cruel and obscene. Even under the most favourable interpretation, he killed ferociously and almost at random. It is probable that by then his mind was disordered.
Tiberius had not, however, lost touch with the real world. He came to realize just how strong he had made Sejanus and how weak he had left himself. In 31 ce he allowed himself to be elected consul of Rome for a fifth time and chose Sejanus as his co-consul. He gave Sejanus permission to marry Livilla, the widow of Tiberius's son. Now Sejanus not only had the substance of power but its forms as well. Golden statues were erected to him, and his birthday was declared a holiday. But Tiberius had come to fear and mistrust him. With the aid of Macro, Sejanus's successor as commander of the Praetorians, Tiberius smuggled a letter to the Senate denouncing Sejanus and calling for his execution. The Senate was shocked and taken aback by the swift change, but it complied instantly—perhaps moved by the justice of Tiberius's charges or by the strength of the Praetorian Guard.
Apparently Tiberius now reached a peak of denunciation and torture and execution that lasted for the remaining six years of his life. In the course of this reign of terror his delatores and torturers found evidence for him of the murder of his son, Drusus, by Livilla and Sejanus. Many great Roman names were implicated, falsely or not, and while that inquisition lasted no one on Capri was safe. Tiberius's chief remaining concern for the empire was who would rule it when he was gone. There were few living successors with any real claim, and Tiberius settled, as Augustus had done before him, on the least offensive of an undesirable lot. His choice was Gaius Caesar, still a young boy and known by the nickname the Roman legions had given him when he was a camp mascot, Caligula, or Little Boots. Caligula, a great-grandson of Augustus through Julia and her daughter, had a claim to the throne as good as any. If his morals and habits were less than attractive, Tiberius did not seem to mind. "I am nursing a viper in Rome's bosom," Tiberius observed, and named Caligula his adopted son and successor.
In the spring of 37 ce, Tiberius took part in a ceremonial game that required him to throw a javelin. He wrenched his shoulder, took to his bed, became ill, and lapsed into a coma. His physicians, who had not been allowed to examine him for nearly half a century, now studied his emaciated body and declared that he would die within the day. The successor, Caligula, was sent for. The Praetorian Guard declared their support for the new emperor. The news of the succession was proclaimed to the world. Then Tiberius recovered consciousness, sat up, and asked for something to eat. The notables of Rome were thrown into confusion. Only the Praetorian commander, Macro, kept his head, and on the next day he hurried to Tiberius's bed, caught up a heap of blankets, and smothered Tiberius with them.
As an infant, Tiberius had been a fugitive and then a pawn. As a man, he had been a popular and victorious general and then an exile. He came to supreme power already growing old. When he died, he left the Roman Empire prosperous and stable, and the institution of the principate was so strong that for a long time it was able to survive the excesses of his successors. Without him the later history of Rome might have been less colourful, but probably it would also have been far shorter.Frederik Pohl The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
ancient Rome: Foreign policy…show of force, Augustus' stepson Tiberius, in 20
bc, recovered the standards lost at Carrhae and installed Tigranes as client king of Armenia. Although Augustan propaganda depicted this as a famous victory, strategic considerations inevitably obliged the Parthians, once they settled their internal, dynastic dissensions, to dispute Roman control of…
Augustus: Government and administration…sons by her former marriage—Tiberius and Drusus the Elder. Proceeding across the Alps, they annexed Noricum and Raetia, comprising large parts of what are now Switzerland, Austria, and Bavaria, and extended the imperial frontier from Italy to the upper Danube (16–15
Tacitus: The Histories and the Annals…between the personal conduct of Tiberius and that of Domitian, not that they were the same kind of men but that they were corrupted by similar conditions of dynastic power. Yet he did not begin with Augustus, except by cold reference to his memory. The modern world tends to think…
terrorism: HistoryRoman emperors such as Tiberius (reigned 14–37
ce) and Caligula (reigned 37–41 ce) used banishment, expropriation of property, and execution as means to discourage opposition to their rule.…
ancient Rome
Ancient Rome, the state centred on the city of Rome. This article discusses the period from the founding of the city and the regal period, which began in 753 bc, through the events leading to the founding of the republic in 509 bc, the establishment of the empire in 27…
More About Tiberius16 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- account by Tacitus
- conflict with Agrippina the Elder
- title of pater patriae
- use of terrorism
association with
- Augustus
- Caligula
- In Caligula
- Germanicus Caesar
- In Germanicus
- Herod Agrippa I
- Julia
- In Julia
- Livia Drusilla


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- Additional Info
Measures: Overall height 83cm x Overall width 65cm x Overall depth 60cm
Leg height 25cm - Leg & seat cushion height 44cm
Back rest height 33cm
Material: Velvet
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Sheet music downloads have become the preferred method of acquiring classical music repertoire. Created by professional musicians, EveryNote.com presents classical sheet music download of over 20.000 popular and hard-to-find music scores over 1000 composers. A major Internet provider of classical sheet music files download online, EveryNote.com offers the largest and most complete digital sheet music download library on the Web in the world. Instantly download, view and print your favorite classical music score. Everynote.com currently offers thousands of classical music compositions for Piano, Violin, Cello, Flute, Clarinet, Classical Guitar, Voice, Chamber and Choral music.Many more instruments, composers, genres added every day! EveryNote.com has been featured in The New York Times, Globe and Mail, Musical America and many other publications.
Niccolo Piccinni (Piccini)
1728 – 1800
Niccolo Piccinni was one of the most popular composers of opera of his generation. Born in Bari, Piccinni studied with Leonardo Leo and Francesco Durante at the S. Onofrio Conservatory. Piccinni's first opera, Le donne dispettose, was staged in 1755. In 1760 Piccinni composed La Cecchina, ossia la buona Figliuola, an opera buffa which was staged with enormous success in all European capitals. In 1784 Piccinni became professor at the Royal School of Music. Piccinni worked with all the greatest librettists, including Metastasio.
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Most people don't like Internet Explorer. In fact, most internet users (i.e., all of us) think that it sucks! We all know it, and now Microsoft has officially admitted this fact.
So for the launch of IE9, and in a bid to make a comeback against Firefox and Chrome, Microsoft is confronting that criticism head-on with a hefty dose of humor.
Its new website, browseryoulovedtohate.com, shows that the brand doesn't take itself too seriously; the only buttons on the site read "Curious?", "It's Good" and "No, really." The site also hosts a hilarious video about a former IE-hater who goes to extreme lengths to stop people from using the browser. "The only thing it is good for at all is downloading other browsers," he insists.
There is also a series of infographics that show comebacks of other products in pop culture, including the mustache, PBR, and homebrewing. (It's almost as if Microsoft believes IE is so square that hipsters will use it just for the irony value.)
According to ComputerWorld.com, Internet Explorer holds 41.7 percent of global average user share, while Firefox's share is 26.8 percent, and Chrome's share is 23.6 percent. The large share can be attributed to Internet Explorer being the browser installed with the Microsoft operating system, but share has been declining for some time.
Crispin Porter + Bogusky is Microsoft's lead ad agency.
Get the latest Microsoft stock price here.


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Drug Rehab:
We do not have statistics for Santiago at this time.
After deciding that you need assistance with a chemical addiction you have made the first and most difficult step toward recovery, but the next step of finding that help can be a difficult task if you do not know where to look. This page provides a list of private, public, non-profit, gay, and Christian drug rehabilitation centers and addiction specialists near Santiago, Minnesota.
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….Chris "Crazy Legs" Matthews. Yes, really
Matthews Takes Break from Calling Opponents Racist to Lecture America on Civility
Okay, that headline is a little misleading. MSNBC host Chris Matthews never really took a break from calling his opponents racists and paranoids while engaging on a media blitz promoting his book about civility and amity in politics.
Just for kicks, let us review some of the civility Matthews practices
They're "almost traitors," Matthews said of conservatives who believe that the Internal Revenue Service, an agency created in 1913 and which recently admitted to targeting conservative groups in order to limit their political efficacy, should be abolished. "First of all, the right-wing are crazy," he said in June. "What they're saying about getting rid of the IRS is insane."
"It seems there's a very interesting compelling continuing effort to delegitimize this president," theMSNBC host added in August. His evidence: conservatives who refer to Obama as "Obama."
They refer to him as 'Obama.' They don't say the 'the president.' They don't say the 'a law.' They don't even speak the language we normally speak in civilized political debate."
"When are we going to have the book we've been waiting for, Killing O'Reilly?" Matthews said in October, jokingly envisioning the assassination of a rival cable news host with whom he disagrees. This moment was particularly satisfying. Matthews made this statement while appearing on HBO with Bill Maher to promote his book on civility.
"I think it's hatred," Matthews opined while summarizing the thinking that motivates conservatives in Congress this week. "I don't think it's politics." Just yesterday, perturbed with conservatives who dare refer to themselves as "the American people" while justifying their opposition to the president's programs, "Do they still count blacks as three-fifths?"
And those are only a few of his nasty personal and partisan attacks.
Civility he says…………..


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Aluminator Options
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More Mopar Replacement Parts
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Revised BBC Heads from Brodix
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How much: The cost for assembled heads starts at about $1,200 each.
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High-Tech from Fuelab
What it is: The Prodigy in-tank Power Module from Fuelab.
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How much: Prices start at $500.
Learn more: Fuelab; 217/324-3737; Fuelab.com


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Miracle Cure!!29 messages in this subject.
|tried salt water rinses, vit e application, allergra. nothing worked. canker sores. i am late on my period, have gluten intolerance & have been stressed.
any ideas?
|Cathy Peral 29 January 19
|I have one noteworthy addition.
Silver Nitrate. Silver Nitrate chemically cauterizes wounds in the mouth and is sometimes effective at eliminating the pain of a canker sore and allowing to heal in a matter of days without all of the pain of a canker sore. As noted above though, most dentists treat Canker Sores as a mild irritation so they dont carry this or any other cauterization tool. Also, youre cauterizing yourself so it burns like hell. For me, if it doesnt work, its because the cauterized sound cracked and turned into a canker sore again.
|SomeDudeOnline 24 December 17
|It's disconcerting to see how many posters claim to have discovered a "cure" for oral ulcers when so many other posters have clearly tried the same or similar remedies without success. This is especially the case with simple dietary changes, like eating oatmeal. I have always suffered from occasional mouth ulcers (aphthous ulcers or "canker sores"), but since being diagnosed with Crohn's disease the ulcers have appeared on a whole new level. As a result of the Crohn's I frequently experience several persistent mouth ulcers at any given time. I should note that though the ulcers are associated with my Crohn's, and thus not technically aphthous stomatits, they are clinically identical to aphthous ulcers and respond in the same way to various medications. Usually they appear on the inside of my lips along the gumline, on the tip of my tongue, and along the sides of my tongue. However, I also experience ulcers along the top of my mouth (my hard palate) and down my throat. These ulcers at the back of my throat are probably the most painful and debilitating. Anyway, despite knowing the root cause of my ulcers (crohn's), I have found no reliable cure. I have however, tried many solutions. Here are a few of the products I've tried along with how effective I found them to be:
Anabasol, Kank-A, orabase: I group these together because, for me, they have the same result. Most people will also have tried these. When the ulcers are in the mouth, these products act as a relatively effective but very temporary form of anaesthetic--they numb the ulcers temporarily, but do nothing to cure them.
Canker-rid: This is a product I tried out fairly recently. It claims to both provide pain relief and help heal the ulcers. It is made of honeybee propolis. It is fairly effective for pain relief, perhaps more so than the above listed products, but only slightly. It is more viscous than the gels mentioned above. When it comes to "healing" the ulcers, I havent found it that effective. However, I didn't really follow a regimen of application or anything, so I can't say it doesn't help heal them.
Cepacol, Strepsils, et al.: These are lozenges made for sore throats (strep throat, sore throats from viral infections, etc.), but they are mildly effective at relieving pain associated with ulcers in the mouth and, more importantly, in the throat. Since ulcers in the throat are hard to treat with the typical first-line anaesthetics (e.g. those mentioned above), these lozenges are worth trying. They don't help heal the ulcers and they aren't even that effective at getting rid of the pain, to be honest. Nevertheless, they do slightly help with the pain and so they are better than nothing.
Chloraseptic (and similar sprays): These anaesthetic sprays are also made for sore throats and are pretty much identical to the lozenges. I find they are slightly more effective at relieving pain but also less long lasting than the lozenges.
Magic Mouthwash: This comes in many different forms, usually by prescription. Generally it contains some combination of a topical anaesthetic (e.g. benzocaine, lidocaine), an antacid (e.g. maalox), an anti-fungal (e.g. nyastatin), an antihistamine (e.g. diphenhydramine), and/or a steroid (e.g. cortisone, prednisolone). I haven't yet tried a solution containing a steroid, but I would like to, as I think steroids are likely the most effective in terms of actually speeding healing of the ulcers. I find this the most effective form of pain relief for ulcers located anywhere in the mouth. Nevertheless, it's temporary and I haven't found it to help heal the ulcers (though perhaps a steroid-containing solution might).
CankerEx: This is a product I have just begun to use, so I cant be sure how well it is working, but I do think it is helping heal the ulcers in my mouth more quickly and possibly helping to prevent the formation of new ulcers. I recommend you look this one up--it contains all of the nutritional ingredients that have been shown to have some possible benefits for individuals suffering from oral ulcers (B-12, lysine, folic acid, propolis, and others). Online reviews of this product are consistently excellent, so I'm cautiously hopeful it will help.
Oracort: This is a triamcinolone dental paste. Triamcinolone is a corticosterioid. It is only available (at least in Canada, where I am) by prescription. This is by far the most effective topical product I have tried. It only slightly relieves pain (by covering the ulcers), but it truly helps to heal them. The unfortunate downside (at least for myself because I have a somewhat sensitive gag reflex) is that it can't really be used for ulcers in the back of the throat. However, I have definitely found it effective for ulcers on my gums, lips, and tongue (though I do find it rubs off the tongue fairly easily over time, making it a bit less effective). For best results, I put it on right before bed so that it stays put, because it does wash away with eating, lots of talking, etc. I am not saying the ulcers will necessarily go away overnight (I firmly believe there is no topical product that will do so), but it will definitely shorten the duration of the ulcers. I haven't tried any other similar steroid-based products, but I'd love to try some because I'm confident they work.
Infliximab (Remicade, Inflectra): This is not a product that will be available to anyone not also experiencing another condition (crohn's, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis). It is also prohibitively expensive even with health insurance (roughly $20,000 a year for bi-monthly infusions). It also has serious potential side effects (allergic reactions, immunosuppression, and, rarely, cancer). It is a biologic medication that is used to inhibit the body's inflammatory response--basically, it suppresses the immune system. You might be wondering why I mention it; I do so because it literally gets rid of ulcers entirely within 24-hours. If you are like me, suffering at times from upward of 20+ painful ulcers in the mouth/throat, this is miraculous. I hate to dangle the carrot of a cure in front of those for whom this is not an option, but for anyone suffering from ulcers related to UC or Crohn's, I highly recommend. (I should mention that I am not responding entirely well to this medication in terms of my other symptoms and, though it does completely cure the ulcers, they've been coming back within about two weeks after each infusion, indicating a lack of effectiveness at controlling my disease more broadly.)
I realize that many of the above products have been mentioned in earlier posts. I also recognize that this is not an exhaustive list. However, I do hope that a person googling possible cures/solutions for oral ulcers, mouth ulcers, apthous stomatitis, canker sores, etc. will find this post somewhat helpful.
A few other things:
I find most doctors do not take this problem of oral ulcers seriously. They treat it as a minor irritation when, in fact, it can often become a profoundly debilitating issue.
I find that on any given forum there will be individuals who have discovered "the cure" for mouth ulcers. There are such people who've posted below. They have not found a cure--they may have found an effective solution that works for them, but there simply is no ready fix-all cure. Even infliximab, which has cured my ulcers (albeit temporarily), will not work for everyone (indeed, it's not available to most people and it is dangerous and ineffective for others).
Anyway, hope this has helped someone!
Here's to finding that fix-all cure,
|Billy 30 April 17
|If you a coffee drinker that is probably the cause of ulcers, stop drinking the coffee. Start eating oatmeals daily, that should heal ulcers really fast. Make sure you eat good quality oatmeal. If you can find organic that is the best.
|Mike 29 November 16
|I started to use TCP in the early 50's until we migrated to western Australia in 1968 where you could buy TCP for a short time until they took it off the market then i happen to call into a Chinese herb shop and found to my suprise a bottle of TCP on the shelf and now i have seen it on ebay and purchased another bottle of TCP, Keep up the good work it's bloody marvellous .
Kind Regards
|Leonard jones 29 October 16
|can I put betadine gargle direct to my mouth sore?anyone could answer me
thank you
|dayanara tolentino 22 June 16
|Ive had a mouth ulcer on and off for most of my adult life, but, having had dental rebuilding they have come in 2s, 3s and even 6s. I have spent three years of agony and have tried everything, even to cutting out all kinds of foods. I have come to the conclusion that it has nothing to do with diet and all to do with stress - but, I mean stress in my mouth as well as life in general. Once I get an ulcer, my tongue doesnt want to leave it alone and I think this spreads them. My daughter has taught me to do what she calls Yoga of the mouth and it works. When you are not speaking, curl your tongue back and place it against the roof of your mouth, at the back. You can also position your tongue to the front of your front top teeth when resting. Either will keep it quiet. It takes a bit of getting used to, but I have had no more ulcers since I started this. I now automatically rest my tongue when not speaking. Hopefully this will work for others. Mouth ulcers take over your life!!
|Valerie 31 December 07
|thanx yvonne-i drank orange juice every day and my ulcer healed quickly! i was grateful of the advice.
|clo 6 April 04
|Candace- what did the ENT dostor say? I have an appt. next week. Would be of great comfort if I knew there was some light in the end of the dark tunnel of mouth ulcers.
|Mervi 25 March 04
|Ive had mouth ulcers for about 35 years on and off, tried practically everything with little success, then a doctor here in Austria gave me a course of zovirax tablets. They seemed to help, along with avoiding sugar and a lot of fruit. Now I generally only get them after antibiotics and bouts of other illness, but they have never come back with the intensity of the first 20 years, when I often couldnt speak.
|pat 24 March 04
|I have a 50 ml bottle of TCP in front of me right now. Here is what it says on the label: TCP liquid antiseptic. Soothes Pain, Fights Infection. For sore throats, mouth ulcers, cuts, grazes, bites, stings & spots. TCP Brand Liquid Antiseptic is an aqueous glycerol solution of halogenated phenols 0.68% w/v and Phenol BP 0.175% w/v. Other ingredients: concentrated phosphoric acid, E104 (quinoline yellow), demineralised water. My bottle says it is a product of Pfizer.
For American readers, mouth ulcers = canker sores and spots = pimples, w/v = weight of the particular solid in volume of the liquid product, BP = British Pharmacopoeia, which is equivalent to USP which means United States Pharmacopeia
|TomF 21 March 04
|what is TCP and where do you get it cause I have two huge ulcers going down my throat .. I go to the ear nose and throat doctor tommrow hopefully he will be able to help me get whatever I have gone
|Candace 19 March 04
|I always used to give my mouth a good rinse with TCP that speeds things up a little, makes your eyes water though =|
|TCP 17 March 04
|I find drinking freshly squeezed orange juice heals the ulcers quicker, although there may be discomfort as you drink.
|yvonne 16 March 04
|The Betadine solution will at the very least give you some pain relief. That much I can attest to so far.
|Markus 16 March 04
|Thanks for the Betadine advice. Will try to get from the pharmacist in the UK. I am trying cranberry juice at the moment but have not seen any change yet but will keep perservering. Good luck
|bojo 22 49 15 Mar 04 15 March 04
|as you can see i am just learning about computers!! asisaid in the previous message------- until now . I started her on cranberry juice and they gradually got smaller she hasnt had one now for 3 weeks. She drinks 1 litre daily. Hope this works for you.
|isabel 9 March 04
|my daughter suffers from mouth ulcers and nothing worked
|isabel 9 March 04
|Im so glad I read about this - I have 3 ulcers I speak - one the size of a dinner plate. Ouch!
|NBM 11 February 04
|Couldnt agree more. It worked for about three attacks but now im back to the drawing board again :(
|Laura 6 February 04
|I bought this betadine mouthwash from my dentist and found it amazingly effective, a real life saver. However after using it generously and regularly for a year or so my ulcers seemed to become resistant to it so Ive stopped using it. My advice would be definitely get some, it really is very effective, but use it sparingly. Adcortyl in orabase is the other very effective treatment. (Its a steroid and does help healing, especially if you put in on at night). You can buy it over the counter in the UK but only on prescription in the USA
|Anni 5 February 04
|Ive lived with these pains for eleven years now.....thanks for your advice......
|me 14 January 04
|betadine is an iodine type productand is also available as asurgical hand scrub
|mouth ulcer sufferer 1 January 04
|This one specifies that its non staining. I wouldnt recommend it if i hadnt done my homework!!
|Laura 31 December 03
|Be careful with mouthwash type cures, they tend to discolour the teeth. However, with the pain of mouth ulcers being so great I am willing live with it.
|Richard - Australia 27 December 03
|I simply found it on the shelf in a pharmacy.
|Laura 27 December 03
|I havent been able to eat my Christmas lunch this year due to a huge ulcer at the back of my throat! As soon as the shops open I am on the hunt for this mouthwash. I am so glad I found this website!!!!!!
|Kelly 26 December 03
|Laura Where can one purchase this mouthwash? I never heard of it...Donna
|Donna 26 December 03
|Ive had recurring mouth ulcers as long as i remember but seemed to sort the problem as a result of this site last january. Unfortunately one single use of sls containing toothpaste caused two months of them without respite. Needless to say desperation set in. Last week i arbitrarily picked up betadine mouthwash, manufactured by seton healthcare group and available non prescription. The pain was subsiding literally the next day and within about three days i was cured. My father developed two mouths ulcers today and i passed the mouthwash on to him. five hours after using it he says the pain has noticably decreased. In short, avoid sls containing tootpaste like the plauge and buy this mouthwash!!
|Laura 23 December 03
Miracle Cure!!29 messages in this subject.


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Homework 3: Two Usability Evaluations of Paper Prototypes
Assigned: Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2012; Due: Monday, November 19, 2012 (Note: only 5 days!)
Using the paper prototype you created in Homework 2, you are now going to run a usability evaluation of that prototype with one or more real people (users), revise the paper prototype to try to fix any problems found, and then run one or more additional people on the revised version.
PART A: The first part of this assignment is to perform a Usability Evaluation
of the prototype you created for homework 2. You should put your paper prototype
in front of at least one person. This should be a different user than you used for your CI in homework 1, and this person should
also be a novice at your appliance. As with the CI, you might want to videotape your sessions.
As noted in homework 1, the university has some
video-cameras that it loans to students, but you have to plan ahead and get a
CFA lending card. Here are the details:
Let me know if you find other ways to borrow cameras. You might also use the camera and microphone built into many laptops to record the session. Another option if you are doing something on a computer (e.g., testing a web page) is to use screen recording and audio from the computer's microphone. Alternatively, almost everyone now has a phone that will record audio (on the iPhone, there are "voice memos" for example) or even video.
- The deliverable for PART A is the usability evaluation template filled out for at
least one user. See the template here: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bam/uicourse/UsabilityEvalReport_template.doc (see also the partial example in
doc format).
This includes:
- A description of your user (note: not their name, but instead their experience and demographic properties),
- The script that you use to direct the users on what to do. If it is the same as previous assignments, please mention this, but go ahead and include it again, so we have everything in one place. Note that this must include exactly what you say to the user.
- A transcript or summary of what the user did and said, and what you did and said. If at some points you have to help the users, because they cannot figure out what to do, that must be included in your transcript. It is not necessary to write down every word that the user says, just what is interesting and useful. Be sure to write down all actions on the device, whether correct or wrong. Note: we do not want you to turn in your videotape or audiotape, just the transcript.
- At least five (5) rows describing problems that the user had. NOTE: If the user does not have at least 5 problems that you can report, then you can go back and revise your tasks to make them harder, or to include more parts of the user interface for your device, so you can find more complex tasks, and then do another user. Alternatively, you can do a second user for PART A, and it will be OK if you find at least 5 different things to describe across both users (but you still need to get additional users for PART C below).
- For the "Prototype Screen" column, you can either scan in a copy of the relevant screen and circle the relevant part, or maybe you can number the screens on the paper prototype you turn in (like put numbers on each screen), and then you can refer to that number in that column. Just make sure it is clear to the graders which part of which screen is being referenced for each issue.
- Possible extra credit for doing extra users and finding more than 5 problems. Use one template form per user.
PART B: Next, you will modify your paper prototype from homework 2 to try to fix the problems you observed in your user study, as described in the last column of your Usability Evaluation Feedback Analysis section of your report for PART A.
- The deliverables for PART B is a copy of your new paper prototype. Again, make a scan of this version as you did for homework 1.
- Also turn in a summary of what you changed. This should be a short description. You should reference back to the row number for each problem you fix from PART B, so it is clear which fix goes with which problem.
PART C: Next, you will do another usability evaluation template filled out for at least one different user using your revised prototype (from Part B). This user should also be a novice with your device, and, if possible, might be a different kind of person (different demographics) than your user for PART A. Use another copy of the same template as for part A: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bam/uicourse/UsabilityEvalReport_template.doc. Again, this is a different person, also a novice (so you have at least 3 people you have used so far -- at least 1 for HW#1, plus at least 2 more for this homework). You should videotape this session too.
- The deliverable for PART C is another copy of the usability evaluation template filled out. This includes:
- Hopefully, your script has not changed from PART A, but if you need to change the script, then fill in the new script. If the script is the same, then just say "same script as PART A" in this part of the usability-evaluation-report-template document.
- Fill in the remaining parts of the template as for PART A. Since you have a different user for PART C, all of the rest of the information should be different as well.
- For this user, you only need to fill in at least two (2) rows describing problems that the user had. Again, if you can't find 2 problems, then try a harder task, or yet another user.
- Note that this time you do not need to change your interface from Part B to reflect the "Way(s) to rectify" column for the results of the Part C. Instead, you will be making an implementation of your revised design as part of Homework 4.
- Possible extra credit for doing extra users. Use one template form per user.
In summary, you will be turning in two (2) copies of the filled out UsabilityEvalReport_template.doc (one for PART A and one for PART C), a revised paper prototype (PART B), and a short discussion of what you changed in the new version of the prototype. Please turn in this assignment a single pdf or zip file of all your deliverables, and upload the one file to Blackboard. See the submitting instructions.Back to Homework Page


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Telework: Why the Federal Workforce Could Be Efficient and Green
The federal government is a perennial target, always subject to accusations of waste and inefficiency, among other allegations. But recent developments in technology and new legislation hold out hope for a more efficient, effective, and greener federal workforce. The U.S. Telework Enhancement Act of 2010 generated tremendous momentum toward increasing workforce mobility options for federal employees. The act paves the way for the federal government to unlock significant benefits, including greater productivity, resilience, environmental sustainability, and employee inclusion. It creates accountability for achieving these objectives in the form of telework managing officers (TMOs), senior officials responsible for telework policy development and implementation.
Realizing these objectives will require a significant departure from current practice. To date, agencies have focused on increasing telework participation rates through advertising, employee training, and resolution of technological barriers. Meaningful progress toward the act's other goals-including emergency readiness, energy use, recruitment and retention, performance, and productivity-will require moving past first-generation strategies aimed at increasing telework participation rates and, instead, pursuing integrated mobility strategies explicitly linked to agency business objectives.
TMOs should not view the act as just another administrative burden that requires compliance. As the first TMOs assume their roles, they have a unique opportunity to use workforce mobility-including telework and a broader range of tools and systems to enable productivity anywhere, anytime, and on any device-as a catalyst to create a more flexible, productive, and inspiring federal workplace.
Achieving this vision requires a sober assessment of the current situation, an ambitious, goal-driven strategy linked to agency business objectives, and a new management posture aimed at transforming mindsets and behaviors rather than resolving technological challenges.
For perspectives on these issues, read the Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group (IBSG) white paper, "Telework: Achieving Higher Levels of Federal Employee Productivity, Inclusion, and Environmental Sustainability."
In an effort to keep conversations fresh, Cisco Blogs closes comments after 60 days. Please visit the Cisco Blogs hub page for the latest content.


text:
You can help buy much-needed equipment for Houma's charity hospital by taking a vacation to London or purchasing an autographed Saints football.
You can help buy much-needed equipment for Houma's charity hospital by taking a vacation to London or purchasing an autographed Saints football.
The annual fundraiser, A Night for Goodness' Sake, includes silent and live auctions, food, drink and music and benefits Leonard J. Chabert Medical Center.
The fundraiser runs from 6:30 to 10 p.m. Friday at the home of state Rep. Gordon Dove, 5 Glen Oaks Drive, near Polk Street and La. 311 in Houma.
Attendees can park at the Concord Shopping Center on St. Charles Street, site of True Value hardware and other stores, and ride a shuttle bus to Dove's home.
Chabert is the second-largest state-supported hospital in Louisiana. It primarily served residents of Terrebonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Charles, St. James, St. John and Assumption parishes in its infancy, but today treats patients from even farther away.
The foundation has raised more than $500,000 for the hospital through its annual A Night for Goodness' Sake. It typically raises about $100,000 a year.
Each year, the foundation asks hospital officials for a wish list, and it uses the money to buy items that meet the hospital's greatest needs, said Pam Bonvillain, president of the Leonard J. Chabert Medical Center Foundation Board.
Previous purchases include defibrillators, a transport incubator for infants and laparoscope instruments used for less-invasive surgeries.
The foundation also bought a bone scanner, which helps look for abnormalities such as tumors, Bonvillain said. Patients used to have to travel to out-of-area facilities to get a bone scan, and the wait could sometimes be as long as six months.
"We try to figure out what will effect the most number of people in a significant way," Bonvillain said.
The foundation, started in 1999, provides a vital service because some of the hospital's equipment is original to the facility, which was opened 34 years ago, said Sam Hotard, the foundation's executive director.
This year's auction includes items that will appeal to both men and women, Bonvillain said, such as six-night stays in condos in London and San Francisco, fishing trips, jewelry, an autographed New Orleans Saints football, a big screen TV, children's items, furniture, food, art and more.
There will be food from local restaurants, including Copeland's, Melvin's Restaurant, Nancy's Seafood Shack, Edible Arrangements, Big Mike's Smokehouse, Ground Pati, and desert from Cafe Dominique. Special guest chef Dean Schouest will be cooking shrimp and crab meat jambalaya, fried fish and fried oysters on site.
There also will be a bar and live entertainment provided by Billy Stark and Friends.
Everything is donated for the benefit of Chabert, Bonvillain said.
Dressy casual attire is suggested. The event is open to everyone. Tickets are $100 per person and will be available at the door.
You can also call Hotard at 688-7111 for information or to purchase yours in advance. Checks, made payable to the Leonard J. Chabert Medical Center Foundation, are accepted.
Nikki Buskey can be reached at 857-2205 or email@example.com.


text:
DENVER—Colorado health officials say 51 human cases of West Nile virus have been reported to the state health department as of last Friday, including two deaths in Montrose County.
That's more than the seven cases reported in 2011 but still far below the peak of 2,847 cases reported in 2003.
Still, the health department was warning residents of the disease Tuesday because mosquitoes that carry the disease are still circulating.
State public health veterinarian Elisabeth Lawaczeck (LAHV'-uh-chek) is advising people to wear insect repellent, drain standing water and use other methods to avoid mosquito bites when outdoors, such as limiting outdoor activities at dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active or wearing long sleeves and pants.


text:
Main Page
Automatic Packet Reporting System[edit]
Originally known as "Automatic Position Reporting System" but renamed by its creator, APRS is an amateur radio based digital communications system for local, regional, or long-distance (as in the case of HF APRS) tactical, real-time exchange of information among all members of a net, including map based displays for situational awareness. It was developed by Bob Bruninga (WB4APR), who currently works at the United States Naval Academy. He maintains the main [APRS web page].
APRS is used to transmit real-time information such as messages, bulletins, announcements and the locations of any stations or objects via amateur packet radio protocols. Real-time reporting of station position for mobiles is facilitated using the Global Positioning System. APRS is capable of transmitting a wide variety of data including weather reports, short text messages, radio direction finding bearings, telemetry data, and storm forecasts. These reports can be combined with a computer and mapping software to show the transmitted data superimposed on a variety of map displays.
Technical Information[edit]
In its most widely-used form APRS is transported over the air using the AX.25 protocol at 1200 baud Bell 202 audio frequency-shift keying on frequencies located in the amateur 2-meter band (see Frequencies). An extensive digital repeater, or digipeater network provides transport for APRS packets on these frequencies. Internet gateway stations (IGates) connect the on-air APRS network to the APRS Internet System (APRS-IS), which serves as a worldwide, high-bandwidth backbone for APRS data. Stations can tap into this stream directly. Databases connected to the APRS-IS allow web-based access to the data as well as more advanced data mining capabilities. A number of LEOs (low-earth orbiting satellites) and the International Space Station are also capable of relaying APRS data.
External links[edit]
- [WB4APR web site]
- [www.findu.com] Web-based access to worldwide APRS real-time data
- [OpenAPRS] Web-based APRS real-time data using Google Earth Maps
- [aprs.fi] Web-based APRS view using Google Maps and Earth, updates automatically in real-time, 14 languages
- [APRS Specification] Official APRS specification document
- [Pacific Northwest APRS Homepage]
- [APRS Query Page] N1BQ's HTML Forms based front end to the FINDU database
- [www.cwop.net] APRSWXNET/Citizen Weather Observer Program (CWOP)
- [JavAPRSSrvr Yahoo Group] This group is for users of the APRS-IS server software, javAPRSSrvr.
- [UIDigi Yahoo Group] A replacement for TNC2 firmware to upgrade older TNC's to APRS.
- [JFindu.net] Web-based access to worldwide APRS real-time data.
- [APRS Search] An APRS Search Engine.
- [DB0ANF] APRS-IS Data Base Lookup Server shows individual stats on any given call sign.
- [Tier 2 Network] Tier 2 APRS-IS Servers Group
- [LU-APRS] APRS Argentina Forum (Spanish)
- [APRS Middle East] Middle Eastern APRS Web Site, Currently Lebanon only
- [ZLHAMS Wiki] includes New Zealand APRS wiki pages
- [OhioAPRS] Northeast Ohio APRS
- [Emergency Beacons] Help those that need help, even those that test.
- [APRSfl] Details & Stats on West Central Florida APRS, UI-View Webserver Lookups, our Tier 2 APRS-IS Server.
- [JAPRSX] JapanAPRSeXperiment, Web & BBS for Beginners.(Japanese)
- [APRS.qrz.ru] APRS in Russia
- [SARTrack] SARTrack - Originally designed for a SAR group in New Zealand, now available for the Amateur Radio (HAM) community, and SAR groups in other parts of the world.
- [Aprx] Open source Linux digipeater/I-gate daemon


text:
[ Source: picon-users ]
Package: picon-users (2017.01.02-1) [non-free]
Links for picon-users
Debian Resources:
Download Source Package picon-users:
- [picon-users_2017.01.02-1.dsc]
- [picon-users_2017.01.02.orig.tar.gz]
- [picon-users_2017.01.02-1.diff.gz]
Similar packages:
Picon (Personal Images) database of individual Internet accounts
"picons" is short for "personal icons". They're small, constrainedimages used to represent users and domains on the net, organized into databases so that the appropriate image for a given e-mail address can be found. Besides users and domains, there are picons databases for Usenet newsgroups and weather forecasts. The picons are in either monochrome XBM format or color XPM and GIF formats.
These databases have been compiled in hopes of helping make cyberspace a more personable place. With them, software and services can be developed to identify persons on the net by face (or, at least, by institution logo) instead of by a cryptic e-mail address. Software of this kind is for example xfaces and exmh.
Download picon-users
|Package Size
|Installed Size
|4,151.9 kB
|13,300.0 kB
|[list of files]


text:
Our Matschie's tree kangaroo joey is growing up fast, so we wanted to share some new photos and video and fill you all in on how it is getting along in its behind-the-scenes exhibit.
Now eight months old, the joey has begun to leave its mother's pouch for short bursts, doing a little exploring and then retreating back to the pouch for naps.
We do not know the sex of the joey yet so it does not yet have a name.
The joey is mostly eating leaves and munches on greens including kale, romaine and celery. Its mother, Elanna, is not so great at sharing, so the joey has learned to go after the food it wants for itself.
Elanna and joey are in a behind the scenes exhibit to give them the quiet and comfort this sensitive species requires, especially since Elanna is a first time mother. We're using cameras and students are assisting us with observations so we can study the interactions between the mother and joey and keep a close eye on their progress.
Woodland Park Zoo is home to the Tree Kangaroo Conservation Program that is working to protect the endangered tree kangaroo and help maintain the unique biodiversity of its native Papua New Guinea in balance with the culture and needs of human communities. Our scientists recently returned from Papua New Guinea with some very exciting news—we're bringing coffee from the remote YUS region of Papua New Guinea to the Seattle market to help build economic opportunities for the local people of PNG who have pledged their own land to conservation. We'll be sharing updates on that coffee project soon. Drink coffee, save tree kangaroos--you can't beat that!
Video: Footage from keepercam, produced by Ryan Hawk/Woodland Park Zoo.
Photos (from top): Ryan Hawk/Woodland Park Zoo, Dennis Dow/Woodland Park Zoo, Dennis Dow/Woodland Park Zoo, Bruce Beehler/Conservation International.


text:
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Prom Tuxedos
On this page we have featured some of the hottest prom tuxedo styles for 2015. You will notice that we feature prom tuxedos in all styles and price ranges. If you are just looking for something cheap for a one or two time use, please check out our cheap tuxedo package. You get the tuxedo, tuxedo shirt and ALL accessories for $129.95. It would cost more to rent!! For you guys that are looking for something special for prom, please view our Jean Yves tuxedos. Jean Yves is known for his fashion forward styling. The Jean Yves Mirage and the Steel Gray Twilight tuxedo are two of the most popular prom tuxedo styles for 2015. Below is just a sampling of formal wear for the prom, please scan our other pages as well for great deals on tuxedos and formal wear accessories. Please also view or prom tuxedo vests on sale.