text:
Here, for your entertainment and edification is an e-mail I just sent my sister about my nephew's visit to me in Santa Monica. For background, Ben's dad is Jewish and he identifies very much with being Jewish, although he's really not very observant. Here it is:
My sad old brain doesn't work well enough to give a chronological account of Ben's stay. So I'll give it to you in the order I can recall.
The coolest stuff happened on the last day he was here, Sunday. One of my friends from the Suicide Girls, Aspen, said she'd take him out to Manhattan Beach, which is a few miles South of where I live. I was not invited. But she came and picked him up with her hot blonde friend and off they went. He came back several hours later extremely sunburnt. He said he also got to hang out with another Suicide Girl, James (that's what she calls herself). So I'm sure he had fun.
Later on that night we decided to go catch a live comedy show at Upright Citizen's Brigade. I didn't know about UCB yet when you visited, which is too bad. It's far and away the coolest of the comedy clubs I've been to in town. For one thing all the shows are cheap or free. So we went up to this new thing they're doing where comedians get 2 minutes a piece on stage. They were auditioning people for a new edition of The Gong Show. These were not the usual amateur novelty acts, though, but pro and semi-pro comedians who would be on the show as filler between. So he announces the first act of the evening… Robin Williams. Yep. That Robin Williams, of Mork & Mindy and The World According To Garp fame. He did two minutes. Very funny. But actually, in context, some of the other acts were better than he was that night. My new comedy crush is this guy named Eddie Pepitone. Go look him up on MySpace. He was there too and great as he always is whenever I see him.
We had gone to UCB a few nights before. Maybe his second night in LA. I'm not sure. That night, Janeane Garofalo made an appearance. I'm not really familiar with her stuff. According to the Internet Movie Database, "the petite woman with the acerbic wit, was born in Newton, New Jersey, in 1964." She sure didn't look as old as me! Good for her! She was funny. Earlier that night Ben and I took a Yoga class taught by my friend Nina. I didn't think he'd take the class. I was gonna let him stay at Nina's apartment and watch TV while I did the class. But he did it, which I thought was pretty cool of him. Also very cool of Nina was the fact that she got him into the class for free. This probably didn't cost her anything. But she makes her living as a Yoga instructor and is paid according to the number of people who attend her classes. So she wasn't paid for Ben's portion.
He also sat Zazen with us on Saturday. Did pretty good for an 18 year old trying it for the first time. He fidgeted some. But he stayed with it. I've had people walk out in the middle before.
Let's see. We must've done other stuff. I kept asking him what sort of things he wanted to do and he'd just leave it up to me. When people do that I always go where I want to go. Which is mean, I guess. But I'm not going to sit around trying to figure out what they might like. So we went to Amoeba Records, a gigantic record store in Hollywood, and some bookstores. He hated the bookstores. He liked Amoeba, though.
I took him to Venice Beach. And to the Fairfax district, the Jewish part of town. He liked that. I introduced him to Helen, my Jewish friend (I have other Jewish friends, but Helen is the one who seems most concerned with what it is to be Jewish), who was also the person who got me the gig writing for Suicide Girls. We ate Ethiopian food together and he got to talk religion with someone who was actually interested. She said if he pitched him an idea she might be able to hire him as a columnist for this website she writes for called Jewcy. It's supposed to be a hip, "now" kind of Jewish website for young, hip Jews. Helen loved the idea of a column by an 18 year old Jewboy from Knoxville, Tennessee. You should tell Ben he ought to take this seriously because it might pay money. He keeps talking about wanting to be a writer. I wished I'd had an opportunity like that fall into my lap at his age.
I took him to Hollywood to see Graumann's Chinese Theater and all the footprints in cement. We went around Santa Monica some, to the beach and the Third Street Promenade for a couple minutes. We went and looked at the amusement park on the pier, but we didn't go on any rides. I took him to my friend Svetlana's place for no particular reason. She makes movies. She's from Montenegro, formerly part of Yugoslavia.
That's all the details I can remember. I think he enjoyed it. I didn't get any work done the entire week. He was good about the fact that he had to remove all his bedding from the meditation room each morning. He talked a lot. He asked a lot of questions I couldn't possibly answer.
If he comes here again I gotta find other people to play with him because it's too exhausting with just me. But otherwise it was great.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
The house where Neil was born, in 1952, had been at the center of Birmingham, in a Victorian slum that was knocked down a few years later. Nobody lived there now; there were only roads and office blocks, and the people who'd lived in the slums had been moved out to the new estates that ringed the city. Neil told Sheila that the house he was born in had had a crack in the outside wall that let the rain and wind through, so that for the years he lived there he and his sister had had to sleep in his mum and dad's room, because they couldn't use the bedroom upstairs. His sister had slept in a cot until she was six; he had slept in the bed with his parents. He told Sheila that the house had shared a yard at the back with several other houses in the terrace; there were outside toilets and a brick washhouse with a coal-fired boiler and a mangle where the women did their laundry. The house had been condemned by the council the whole time he lived there, but the family had had to wait for the authorities to find them somewhere else to live.
At university in Bristol in 1972, Neil didn't have to be ashamed of these things or hide them. Because of the politics of the time, the student politics especially, his origins were even glamorous. It was the children of bankers and managing directors who had to apologize for their upbringing, and practice roughening their too refined accents. Sheila had grown up, with eight brothers and sisters, in a vicarage in Suffolk; vicars' daughters were in a category so impossibly quaint and comical that it hardly seemed worth despising.
Neil could have played on his working-class credentials much more than he did. Sheila had never heard him tell anyone else, for instance, about the crack in the wall. This reserve, like a strength withheld, was part of what made her love him quite desperately. He was very clever and he had absolute opinions; friends glanced quickly at him after they spoke, to see what he thought. Sheila had never expected to love someone who was two inches shorter than she was. It was a surprise to discover how her desire could attach itself to the aura of Neil's power and not to the particulars of his face and body, which in her mental picture of him were always blurred. Although he wasn't fat, he was rather soft and shapeless; his walk was shambling and he hid behind his long brown hair. When he pushed the hair back, his face was round, sweet like a girl's. Yet just the thought of the quick, small, almost prim smile that flickered open in his expression when he was amused made Sheila sick with longing; it touched her more nakedly even than when he made love to her, because he did that with irony, holding himself back.
In the autumn of her second year, Neil took her home for a weekend to meet his family. He hadn't been especially keen to do this. He'd warned her that she would be bored, that his parents would make a big fuss, but Sheila had wheedled at him until he gave way. His family didn't have a telephone; he left a message with the neighbors. She braced herself then for something dark and raw, something that differed definitively from her own past. Whenever she remembered the vicarage she felt coilings of shame at the meanness of her life there. For all her family's crowded closeness, neither her parents nor her siblings were any good at intimacy; they communicated in evasive codes, fumbling and deflecting contact. She prepared a perfect openness for her visit to Neil's home, ready to offer up her real self at last.
They caught a bus from the coach station out to Northfield and then walked up through the estate. Rows of low gray houses curved behind open grass spaces, their front doors all painted the same red. Children were playing in the streets. A man was cutting a hedge with shears in a front garden. The place wasn't pretty, exactly, but it was neat and respectable. This took Sheila by surprise. She realized that although she knew that Neil's family had moved out of the slums when he was a child, she had gone on imagining him pressed upon by frowning Victorian concentrations of population.
Neil seemed relaxed enough; she had been afraid that her difference might embarrass him on his home ground. She'd expected him to move more self-consciously here, where he might be known and recognized, but he didn't lift his head to look out for old friends or greet them. He must have walked these streets with the same absorption as a schoolboy, all those years when he was taking the bus seven miles every day to the grammar school in town, where he'd got a free place, with the briefcase that his parents had proudly bought for him, full of the books that were going to educate him out of the estate.
"Clover Close," he said merrily. "Grassymead Lane. Oak Grove. Hazelbush Way. You'd almost think you were in the Forest of Arden if you closed your eyes. Except that real country addresses never sound anything like that. The test is if the name is as plain as possible, then you know it's the real thing. The ruling classes live in places called Old Hall. Stone House. Long End. The Rectory."
Sheila's home was called the Rectory, and it was in the country, but nowhere like the Forest of Arden. It was in a bleak, poor village in East Anglia, where the red brick rectory was the grandest building after the church. Neil had said once that his dad, who was a tool-setter at Lucas Engineering, probably earned more than hers; she had no idea if he was right.
Neil's dad, Dennis, stood waiting for them in his shirtsleeves and braces at the front door, which was on the side of the house, opening onto the kitchen. He was compact and smiling, with a round face and thick peachy skin, rosy where the blood vessels were broken across his cheeks; his springy gray-black hair was slicked back with Brylcreem. He had the air of a man used to performing a comical role, pleasant and placating. When Neil's mother, May, came crowding behind him in the doorway, wiping her hands on a tea towel, Sheila saw that she was small, too; Neil overtopped them both. Sheila was going to be the tallest person in the house.
"All right, son?" Neil's father grinned at him. "You can still find your way back home, then? Which bus did you get?"
He held out a disproportionately huge hand to shake Sheila's, and although he touched her with scrupulous gentleness she felt the strength in his grip. When Neil explained which bus they'd taken and how it had wound slowly around another estate for forty minutes, his father shook his head in disbelief: the eccentricity of the buses was clearly an old comfortable joke. In Bristol, Neil would have scorned such small talk. May, hanging back, kept her hands wrapped in the tea towel, nodding and smiling shyly; she had a miniature figure like a doll's, with skinny little-girl legs gauche under her short skirt. Sandwiches made from sliced white bread, cut into perfect triangles, were set out on a counter on two plates, covered with paper torn from bread wrappers.
"I said not to make a fuss," Neil said to his mother, helping himself to a sandwich; May in a darting movement slapped at his hand, scolding him. "It's all right," he said, reassuring her. "Sheila hasn't got any manners, either."
May blushed and couldn't look at Sheila. "Don't take any notice of him," she said apologetically. "I don't."
Sheila heard now that Neil's Birmingham accent, which she had thought so strong, was softened and compromised, compared with the way his parents spoke.
"She'll have cooked us a meal, too," Neil warned. "This is just to tide us over."
"I thought after your journey you'd want something. Shall I put the kettle on for tea?"
The kitchen was too small to sit down in, so Neil and Sheila drank their tea on a sofa in the living room, in front of the gas fire turned up high. Sheila was so eager to please that she ate all the sandwiches on her plate, though she didn't know how she was going to manage anything else. The shoe-box-shaped room was a little gem of neatness. There were antimacassars along the back of the sofa and on the back of every chair, a glass-fronted cabinet full of ornaments, framed photographs on the tiled mantelpiece of Neil and his sister, Chris, of Chris's wedding. Neil had told Sheila that every Friday after his mother came back from her job at the bakery she stacked the furniture and rolled up all the carpets to wash the floor underneath.
"Are you at the college with our Neil then, Sheila?" his father asked.
Sheila was surprised that Neil hadn't told them more about her. She didn't talk to her parents much, but she was sure that they knew at least where Neil came from and what subject he was reading.
She explained that she was reading classics, Latin and Greek.
"Very interesting," Dennis said. "Veni, vidi, vici."
"All that stuff. It's the Greeks that I love. Revenge and passion, the war between the sexes, justice on earth. Of course, it'll be no use to anyone after I've finished, but I don't care. My dad read classics, too, so it's in the family, I suppose."
"It's brewing that's in mine," Neil's mother said with a quick laugh. Sheila knew that May's uncle and brothers worked at Davenports, the brewers; they had got Neil a job there over the summer.
Neil ate only a couple of sandwiches, then he got out his cigarettes.
"Go on, have one of mine, son," his mother said, pushing a pack of Embassy Regals at him. "Do you smoke, Sheila?"
Sheila didn't. But she saw the moment of closeness it made between mother and son, heads bent together over the lighter, eyes narrowed and cheeks hollowed in inhalation. May had a little chrome-and-Formica smoking table at her end of the sofa, with an ashtray fixed in the center on a metal stalk. Although Neil's face was round like his father's, the wary sharpness in it made him resemble his mother more. Like Neil, May glanced evasively sideways at whomever she was speaking to. In his teen-age years, Sheila knew, Neil's mother had been his confidante, talking late into the night with him and his friends when he brought them home. She seemed more assured with the cigarette in her hand; a social manner descended on her, mildly rakish and teasing.
"I tried to get him to put something decent on, because you were coming." May nodded at her husband. "But he goes his own way."
"She's not bothered," Dennis said. "Are you, Sheila?"
"I'm so glad you didn't." Sheila smiled at them. "Look at us. We're a real mess. We don't want you to do anything different from what you do usually. Please."
She wondered what they thought of her clothes, a long crimson Indian skirt with braid around the hem and a crushed-velvet top embroidered with mirrors: these might be their idea of disgraceful rags. She hoped that her looks worked for her, though: her pale skin and long curling red-brown hair. She knew that Dennis was paying her subtle, harmless attentions because of them, without even knowing that he was doing it: spooning sugar into her tea and smoothing the creases out of her coat when he hung it up.
"You're right about Neil. He is a right mess. What about that hair? What does he think he looks like?" Dennis broke out suddenly.
"Oh, leave him alone," May said. "Why shouldn't he have it how he wants? That's how they all wear it now."
Neil smiled to himself: that private irrepressible smile of his, as if he couldn't help being delighted at some comedy he was watching. Dennis didn't seem to mean his complaint to offend anyone. He was a joker, an entertainer. You could see that he was the one to confront the public world, sheltering May, who had been brought up in an orphanage after her mother died and her father abandoned the family. Dennis took care to mention this more than once, as if the injustice of it still rankled with him.
"Sheila lives in a rectory," Neil offered. "Her dad's a vicar in Suffolk."
"That's nice," May said.
Sheila wanted to tell them about the rectory: how it was actually cold and bare and full of worn, scuffed furniture, not nearly as comfortable as this cozy room. But she didn't, because she was afraid they wouldn't believe her, and would think that she was patronizing them, trying to put them at ease because she found their home so poor.
May and Dennis got out photographs from a coach trip they had taken to Scotland. Before university, Neil had gone with them on these trips. He had explained to Sheila how, now that so many holidaymakers were going abroad, the big old country hotels that had once been exclusively for the wealthy had begun to cater to working-class coach parties. She tried to imagine Neil spending his days with a coachload of middle-aged Brummies, set apart by his youth and education, flirted with by the older women, thinking his own thoughts, taking an informed interest in all the places they visited. She found the idea seductive. He had certainly travelled more widely in Britain than she ever had, and knew more about its history.
In the photographs, Dennis was usually at the center, posed against some monument or other. Sheila was surprised that he and May relished so uncritically the grand style of their holiday: the food, the thick carpets, the ballrooms, the chandeliers, the free whisky at the distillery tour, the free soap in the bathrooms. She had expected that they would despise the luxuries of the rich, as she and Neil did. She felt a mixture of relief and deflation, as if she'd been cheated of something she'd braced herself to take on: some intensity of engagement, both scorching and testing. This is going to be easy, she thought. After all, they're just easy sweet people.
They put Sheila in Chris's old bedroom, in a bed made up with nylon sheets and the same rough old Army blankets her mother had at home. There wasn't much evidence of Chris left in the room: a framed embroidered picture of a squirrel, a hollow soapstone swan with a couple of hair grips in it on the dressing table. May assured Sheila that there was plenty of hot water because the immersion heater had been on all evening, but although Sheila rather longed for a bath, she didn't want to keep everybody waiting for the bathroom. She cleaned her teeth quickly. Everything in here was scoured spotless. The only difference between May's cheap thin towels and bathmat and the ones at home was that these had been cherished and ironed.
Sheila undressed and slithered down between cold sheets, then lay awake listening to the life of the house subside—low-voiced exchanges of practicalities, the sound of a bolt being shot to. She imagined that she was hearing what Neil had heard all his life before he came to Bristol. She was in that phase of the relationship where everything associated with Neil seemed to her charged with excitement, even the smell of the clothes he took off and left lying on the floor, even his favorite tracks on albums that she would never have chosen for herself, the Grateful Dead and Captain Beefheart. She couldn't sleep. After a while, when everything was quiet, she pushed back the sheets and knelt on the bed in her nightdress, looking out the window at the orange sodium lights and a flare of fire somewhere, perhaps from a factory chimney. Nearby she could make out the silhouetted dome of the lunatic asylum, which Neil had pointed out when he showed her the room—built in the nineteenth century in what had then been countryside. The air was chilly on her shoulders. The little house seemed to drop very quickly into cold once the gas fire was out, as if the walls were only a thin skin between the night and the lives inside.
She pressed down the handle on the bedroom door very carefully, then crept along the landing, trying not to make any sound on the lino with her bare feet. She knew which room was Neil's—she had looked into it earlier and seen his few books on a shelf, the only books in the house, and the old card table where he had done his homework for all those years. She slipped inside and soundlessly closed the door behind her. Neil reared up in bed; in the light from the street lamps she could see the mound of the blankets around his shoulders. Sheila cuddled quickly in beside him. She had let herself get thoroughly chilled, sitting looking out the window; now the heat of his body against hers under the blankets was like a flood. To her surprise he was wearing pajamas, which he never did in Bristol; they smelled of his mother's washing.
He hissed a protest at her frozen feet. "What are you doing?" he whispered in perplexity, grasping her by the shoulder. "We can't do that here."
"I can't sleep," she complained. "I miss you."
She pressed herself close against the length of him, kissing his neck and his ears, trying to undo his pajama buttons. He pushed her off.
"Sh-h-h. You can hear everything in this house. They'll know."
"We could be so quiet."
"Then just let me sleep here. I'll go back in the morning."
"They'll know. Honestly. Believe me."
"O.K. Let me stay for ten minutes."
To show that he was sorry, he kissed her then, but warily, not wanting to be carried away into anything. Their mouths tasted of meat, from May's casserole, which Sheila had eaten even though she was a vegetarian. With her lips she felt the growth of beard on Neil's jawbone, not bristling but silky; he was giving out his kisses one by one, skeptically, like a bird pecking. This tension of thwarted longing—even when they were on their own and could do whatever they liked—was somehow the whole character of their relationship. Sheila was always frantic for the next thing she didn't have from Neil; the sensation was as painful as wire spooled taut in her chest. She wondered sometimes what would become of them if the spool gave way and the tension slackened. After a while he stopped kissing her, and she knew that he really wasn't going to let her stay.
On the landing on the way back to her room, she heard May and Dennis talking in their bedroom. That was good; it meant that they weren't lying awake listening to her move about. She took a couple of cautious steps and stood where she might be able to catch what they were saying. She had never had any compunction about eavesdropping, or reading other people's letters or diaries; at home, with so many brothers and sisters, a certain level of surveillance had been almost necessary for survival—unless you sneaked, you never learned what was going on. Anyway, she always trusted herself to understand whatever she found out.
She couldn't really hear May and Dennis. May was angry about something. Dennis was soothing her: he rumbled, reasonable, sympathetic. They were both suppressing their voices, naturally, in this house of thin walls. May's tone was different from the one she'd used all evening: hard and final. Sheila knew at once that this must be her real voice, the one she used with people she was comfortable with.
"How can I talk to her?" Sheila heard May say then, quavering suddenly louder. "With that accent like a mouthful of cut glass?"
Sheila's heart heaved: the thud was so strong she even imagined that Dennis and May had heard it, until he rumbled again and she knew she was safe. It serves you right, she told herself immediately, not knowing quite what it was that she had deserved, or what for.
Back in bed, she lay huddled with her knees pulled up inside her nightdress, the taste of the casserole meat rising from her stomach. She was going over the work that she had to do for the following week: a Latin prose translation, an essay on Medea. But as she fell into sleep she recognized all of a sudden that May had muddled two quite separate expressions. How stupid, Sheila thought. It has to be either "talking through a mouthful of plums" or "an accent like cut glass." Not "a mouthful of cut glass." She's made nonsense of it.
For a moment, however, she could imagine the sensation of chewing politely and sufferingly on a mouthful of broken crystal, tasting salty blood.
Neil came to the rectory for a few days after Christmas. Sheila never quite got over the surprise of his being there, where he didn't belong, among the leftbehind scenes of her childhood. She knew that she was reacting badly to the situation—as if she were blinking into a light that distracted her from seeing him fairly. She was irritated when he seemed to get along with her parents. At supper the first night, he talked with her father about the Knox family; Sheila's family—the Culverts—was distantly related to them. A Culvert had been one of the first Evangelical bishops to be ordained in the Church of England: the old, sober kind of Evangelical, of course, not the new, guitar-playing excitable kind. Neil knew about the Ronald Knox translation of the Bible because his mother had been brought up a Catholic, and because he knew about so many things. Reverend Culvert told him about the Roman earthenware found in the scrubland, close to the river that the villagers called the Ditch; and about the carved flints that lay about in the fields for picking up. He sputtered mashed potato and gesticulated with pleasure at having someone informed to talk to. His own children kept their intellectual interests strictly apart from family mealtimes; they were embarrassed if their father ever veered from his habitual ironic distance. He was a tall thin man, whose head with its long earlobes was austere in repose, as if it were carved out of hard ancient wood; to see him so boyishly eager was somehow compromising, like watching a tortoise bob its skinny neck out from the decency of its shell.
Sheila was aware of how gratifying it was to her father that someone like Neil, who came from a working-class background, should be doing so well. The Reverend, despite the disappointments he was daily faced with—the sullen village boys, their cursing, their fatalism—kept up, in the solitude of his study, at least, a whole set of hopeful ideals that had to do with justice and progress. Sheila winced when he gleamed with pleased surprise at Neil's intelligent comments. She and her siblings had grown up with a horror that their father might sometime make a sermon out of the things that they did, or that happened to them. Sheila's mother, peculiar and ravaged, was simply grateful that the conversation didn't require her dutiful bolstering; she bowed her head low over her plate to eat, while the children exchanged veiled glances. The boys were horrible mimics: they would be mentally rehearsing Neil's accent. The gammon was too salty, and the parsley sauce had been made from a packet; Sheila ate only the mash and the Brussels sprouts. Her mother's cooking was loveless and institutional. An old book of fine recipes in French—a wedding present—sat unopened on a shelf above the kitchen stove, its pages gummed together by the steam from hundreds of pans of boiling potatoes.
"How can you not see how awful they are?" Sheila hissed to Neil the next day when she took him on a walk to get away from the house. They set out along the flank of the wide shallow valley, into a freezing wind that rippled the slate-colored water standing on the clay in the valley bottom, where the Ditch had overflowed. "They're so dried up, so false. Nothing they say is ever real."
He shrugged. "We all have to deal with things we don't like about our parents. At least yours don't make remarks about West Indians being too lazy to work and wanting to sit all day with a string tied round their big toe, fishing in the creek."
"I wish they would," Sheila said gloomily. "Does your dad really believe that?"
"Didn't he treat you to his Al Jolson impression?"
"But don't you see how sickening the opposite thing is, too? Always having to be up on the moral high ground. We actually have a family abbreviation for it, you know: the M.H.G. Mum shouts it when the kids are quarrelling: 'M.H.G! Back down and take the M.H.G!' Sometimes the whole family goes berserk—I can't tell you. My brother Andrew—the one who left home—once stabbed Stephen with a fork. He was shouting at him, 'Cunt, cunt, cunt!' Dad was trying to separate them, Mum was threatening to call the police. Then that evening when it had all died down we were just sitting around the table again, eating boiled liver or something, pretending that nothing had happened. 'Almighty God, who hast given us grace at this time.' "
Neil laughed.
"You closed your eyes when he prayed at the table last night," she said accusingly.
"Did I? No, I didn't."
Sheila was walking backward ahead of him along the path, in her eagerness to convey to him the truth about her parents. The wind on her back whipped her hair across her face from under her knitted hat. Mrs. Culvert had insisted that Neil, who didn't own a hat, borrow some awful thing from the tallboy in the hall which no one could remember ever wearing, a kind of bonnet with a furry lining and earflaps; it changed him piquantly, into a beady-eyed, perky cartoon animal. He seemed more interested in the landscape than in Sheila's family. He asked her the names of places they could see, which she didn't always know; he couldn't believe that she had lived here all her life and wasn't sure where north was. They reached a stand of beech trees growing on a slope about a mile from the village. Among the trees, the wind that had blown so insistently against them dropped, and they stopped to recover their equilibrium on a muffling carpet of dried leaves. The smooth trunks of the trees surging up out of the earth seemed present and intelligent, like gray beasts standing soberly to watch them. A musky mushroomy perfume rose in the stillness from the mulch underfoot. Neil put his arms around Sheila and kissed her; the embrace felt comical and unsexual through their bulky layers of jumpers, coats, and scarves.
"I could put my coat on the ground," Neil said insinuatingly into her neck, his earflaps scratching her chin. "It would be nice to cuddle up."
"You're joking," Sheila said in horror. "In broad daylight?"
Needless to say, at the rectory they were sleeping separately: Sheila was in her old room with her sister Hilary; Neil was in with Anthony and Stephen. "I feel awful," Mrs. Culvert had mumbled, not looking at Neil, bobbing her thick shock of gray hair and apologizing for there being no spare room that he could have to himself. "What you must think. . . . Of course we should—five bedrooms. Don't know if Sheila's told you about Gillian's problems?" (Gillian, who was eight, was epileptic, and had difficulty coping with school. She was seeing a psychiatrist in Cambridge; apparently she needed her own room. "Which makes me think she's smarter than she looks," Sheila had said.)
"We're out in the countryside," Neil said to Sheila, nuzzling her. "There's no one to see."
"That just shows how much you know about the countryside." She pushed him away from her with both gloved hands. "Everyone will know that we're up here already. If we don't walk on soon, they'll be looking at their watches."
"Who cares?" he said, trying again.
"I do," she said passionately. "Don't spoil this place for me. It's somewhere I used to come to be by myself when I was a girl, when I couldn't bear any of them at home. It's holy to me. I used to read poetry here."
Neil couldn't argue with that, and so they moved on, faintly mutually resentful long after they'd resumed holding hands and talking. In fact, Sheila had somewhat misrepresented the significance of the beech grove. She had used to go there with Hilary; she would never have gone walking anywhere around here on her own. It was true, though, that she and her sister had sometimes brought their books to the grove with them, and had worked themselves up over what they were reading into states of exalted excitement.
When they had all eaten their cauliflower cheese that evening, Mrs. Culvert suggested unexpectedly that they play games.
"We always do at Christmas," she explained to Neil. "Family tradition . . . no television. With you here we've got new blood, so to speak."
Neil was fairly appalled at the idea, and no one else seemed keen, but somehow when the washing up was done they nonetheless assembled to play in the front room, the girls snuggled around the meek warmth of the storage heater, with their jumpers pulled down over their hands, the boys erupting into spasms of kicking on the broken-backed sofa. Mrs. Culvert carried armfuls of props downstairs for charades and dumped them triumphantly in a heap: a fur coat, a parasol, straw boaters, an inflatable rubber ring for the beach, an air-raid warden's helmet, dog leashes, an evening dress of crinkled green Fortuny silk, a croquet mallet. The Reverend, in magnanimous concession, poured glasses of fizzy cider for everyone but the three youngest children.
Poor Neil was out of his depth. He had never played charades before, and he was hopeless at it. His team acted "Eucharist," and for "ewe" they dressed him up as a shepherd in a stripy flannelette sheet with a crook left over from someone's Nativity play. Nola and Patricia frisked around his feet, baaing, while Hilary, who was usually earnest and silent, followed on all fours, wrapped in a sheepskin rug from the study. Neil made no effort to get into the role of the shepherd; he batted uncomfortably at the girls with his crook and almost ruined everything by mumbling pointedly, "And here's the ewe," when Hilary appeared.
The Culverts threw themselves into these games, once they got started, with an extravagance that was almost a mania. For "wrist," Reverend Culvert put on the green silk dress and minced up and down with his wife's handbag, drooping his wrist and exclaiming, "Dear me, ducky." Neil looked frankly astonished. He wasn't much better at guessing, either. Hilary and her father got Sheila's team's word—"seductress"—long before Neil did; they held back to give him a chance, and he stared miserably, bemusedly, at Mrs. Culvert's egg-laying ("Poultry?" he ventured), and at Stephen as a hairdresser perming Anthony's blond nylon wig. Sheila, acting the whole word in the finale, in her father's silk dressing gown and a pair of old high heels, was languidly seductive as Neil had never seen her: husky-voiced, rolling her hips, adjusting her stocking, letting the dressing gown fall open when she sat down, smoothing her perfectly shaped long legs. She patted a place beside her on the sofa for her mother, dressed as a shy boy, in tails with a top hat and cane, a mustache drawn with a black mascara brush on her upper lip; she pulled the boy over by his tie to kiss her. Neil was dismayed to feel strong stirrings of desire as he watched.
"Never mind!" Mrs. Culvert said to him consolingly when the game was over and they all sat flushed and panting among the disregarded heaps of costumes and props, bubbling weakly with smiles and shamed giggles at what they had done. Mrs. Culvert still had her mustache. "Awfully silly, really," she said. "You'll get the hang of it next time."
The next morning, Sheila and Hilary walked up the shortcut through the garden on their way back from buying hair dye at the shop in the village; Sheila was determined to do something with Hilary's mousy hair. The shortcut meant that they had to plow through dead weeds and brambles at the long garden's bottom end. A wet mist, like sticky grubby wool, was still clinging to the earth at ten o'clock, and their trousers were almost immediately soaked to the knees, the water seeping through their desert boots to their socks. They tugged at the naked branches of a silver birch overhead to drench each other thoroughly, squealing in the shower of drops. For the first time, Sheila experienced a rush of strong feeling for her home and her past, a tenderness for the winter garden's desolation. The same gray, sodden dishcloths had been left hanging for months on the washing line. A plastic bucket was half filled with rotting apples from the trees. Children's trikes and an old pedal car had been left out to rot, too. Everything in the flower beds had overgrown and died, and now the silky seed heads and swollen blackened pods, slashed down by wind and rain, lay dissolving into the earth.
The daylight was so grudging that the lamp was turned on in the vicar's study. The sisters had often watched their father from out here, as he rehearsed his sermons or conducted symphonies on the gramophone, thinking nobody could see him. Neil had found some LPs that Andrew had left behind, and Reverend Culvert, who was visiting elderly parishioners in hospital this morning, had said at breakfast that he could play them in the study if he wanted to. Through the French windows, the girls could see him sitting cross-legged on the floor, smoking, his hair falling forward across his face. He was swaying his head in time to a song they couldn't hear: rock music, Frank Zappa probably, nothing that the dusty old study with its walls of books had ever been treated to before. (Andrew had had his own hi-fi, which he had taken away with him.) Hilary couldn't help bursting out with a snort of laughter.
"I'm sorry, Shuggs, but he does look funny."
"It's all right," Sheila said. "I know he does."
She was taken aback by this stranger of hers, ensconced so outrageously in the innermost sanctum of her family home. The shock of it was voluptuous; she felt with a shudder that the closer Neil came to her, the less familiar he was. She would have liked to see her life as he saw it, stripped of its ordinariness; she wished that she could possess him as he only was when he was alone. She heard a soft thud and a rattle of glass; Neil heard it, too, from inside the room and turned his head. Hilary had picked out one of the tiny half-rotten apples from the bucket and pitched it at the study windows, dropping to hide herself behind a stretch of overgrown wall where there had once been a greenhouse. When Neil looked away again, she stood up to pitch another one; Sheila joined in. Neil got to his feet. It must have been difficult, with the light on, for him to see them in the murky day outside. He came over and peered through the French windows and they threw apples at him, not bothering in the end to hide, standing out in the gray daylight as he watched them, hurling all the apples at him, one after another, until they reached a layer of impossibly mushy ones at the very bottom of the bucket. ♦


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Travel with Babies & Toddlers Made Easy
Our son is only three years old, but he's already traveled with us quite a bit, even traveling continuously on an extended trip from the time he was 5 months old until he was 10 months old. I've discovered a number of products that have made my life easier as a parent juggling a squirmy child from airport security to restaurants, but it took some trial and error to find my favorites.
I love that we can presently travel much lighter (pretty much just 2 suitcases + carseat for the three of us), but in a few months we will have another little one joining our family and I will definitely be bringing along several of my previously purchased favorites on our first trip as a family of four.
The great thing about most of these products is that they're handy to have at home as well as for travel, like a travel cot or a table-mount high chair that is well-designed, lightweight, and easy to assemble/take-down.
1. Traveling Toddler Car Seat Travel Accessory ($14)
A bungee cord just did not hack it — this webbing with rings made car-seat attachment quick, and it's easy to stash when not needed.
2. Maya Wrap Ring Sling ($75)
I have used my Maya wrap sling from newborn to toddler — it is easily the most utilized baby item I own. It is handy for cuddling, needing to be hands-free, and even nursing discreetly in public. With a lap-baby on the airplane I could sleep at the same time the baby was, knowing he was securely snuggled in.
3. Beco Gemini 4-in-1 Baby Carrier ($129)
This carrier is great because not only does it distribute the weight of baby on your body in an anatomically accurate way, but you can use it with your baby/toddler in 4 different positions, including forward-facing and on your back. I still use this carrier (while very pregnant) with my 3-year-old son on my back.
4. My Little Seat Infant Travel Chair ($30)
I have used this mostly when we visit friends and relatives, and it has been so handy for feeding baby stress-free and not in my lap (which I've never mastered very well).
5. Inglesina Fast Table Chair ($49)
This model of table-mount chair was used at our home table and for traveling since it folds flat and fits in a suitcase. This was one product that I experienced some trial and error with, before settling on this brand as my favorite. It was the only model I found that fit almost every table I used it on (including ones with aprons on the edge). and it's machine washable.
6. OXO 4-piece Feeding Set ($20)
I am a big fan of the OXO children's feeding line and use several of their products. I keep this set in my car for restaurants locally and throw it in the carry-on for travel out of town.
7. Phil & Teds Traveller Bed ($179)
I personally like this bed so much more than the pack-n-play styles we borrowed, for the mere fact that it is easy to set-up and has a zippered access on the side to place a sleeping baby into the cot, rather than lowering them into it from the top (with pack-n-plays, this lowering maneuver woke my son up without fail). I've also used it at the beach for shade and for a place to play or nap while camping.
8. The Shrunks Toddler Travel Bed ($79)
The side panels keep your older infant or toddler from rolling off. We've used this for visiting friends at our house and have brought it to hotel rooms and grandparents' houses for sleepovers.
9. Supershell: iPad/iPod/Kindle Fire Protective Case ($35)
We utilize our foam iPad cover every time our toddler uses it and even I have dropped it by accident, delighted and relieved to see it literally bounce to a rest uninjured.
10. Skip Hop Zoo Luggage ($30)
This luggage piece is small enough for toddlers to roll themselves and fits under an airplane seat, but is large enough to fit toys, coloring books, snacks, and a change of clothes. The independence of rolling his own suitcase thrills my son and helps me out now that he wants to walk through the airport anyway — he can at least carry his own stuff!
• Parenting Blog Roundup: Traveling with Kids
• Best Apps for Traveling with Kids
• Tips on Packing Light When Traveling Overseas with Kids
(Images: as credited above. Airport image and Maya wrap image by Jena Murray)


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Distracted Driving
During the past several years, there has been an explosion in the use of cellular technology, primarily in the form of the smart phone. While the technology has many benefits for society, there are negative impacts as well. Traffic safety has been negatively impacted as a result of the distraction created by the use of this relatively new technology. Even though there are many forms of distractions in motor vehicles, the use of cellular technology in the motor vehicle by operators is recognized as being particularly problematic.
In New York State, the "Driver Inattention/Distraction" category is not the lead cause for fatalities, but it is by far, the leading category in both property damage and personal injury crashes. In addition, the number of "Driver Inattention/Distraction" related crashes have been steadily increasing, going from 35,546 crashes in 2006 to 49,833 in 2010.
New York State has been on the forefront of the distracted driving issue since enacting the nation's first statewide hand held phone law, which took effect in November 2001. Recognizing the potential threat posed by texting and other messaging technologies, a secondary enforcement texting law was enacted in 2009, and then changed to a primary offense in 2011. Despite the efforts of law enforcement and the recent Commissioners Regulation adding three points to each cell phone and electronic device usage while driving, use of mobile electronics devices continues to proliferate.
The New York State Police has taken a proactive approach to reducing distracted driving through a combined enforcement and education effort in concert with other agencies. Enforcement initiatives such as "Operation Hang-Up" as well as educational awareness campaigns conducted at key events, such as the State Fair and county fairs throughout the state have helped raise public awareness.
New York prohibits all drivers from using portable electronic devices.
Illegal activity includes holding an electronic device and:
- Composing, sending, reading, accessing, browsing, transmitting, saving, or retrieving electronic data such as e-mail, text messages, or webpages
- Viewing, taking, or transmitting images
- Playing games
The penalty for a violation of this law shall be a fine of up to $150 and 3 driver penalty points. It is a primary law, which means an officer may stop you if you are observed using a hand held device. The law does not penalize drivers using a handheld electronic device that is affixed to a vehicle surface or using a GPS device that is attached to the vehicle, or if drivers are using a handheld device to report an emergency to the authorities. The law defines the following terms as:
- "Portable electronic device" shall mean any hand-held mobile telephone, as defined by subdivision one of section twelve hundred twenty-five-c of this article, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld device with mobile data access, laptop computer, pager, broadband personal communication device, two-way messaging device, electronic game, or portable computing device.
- "Using" shall mean holding a portable electronic device while viewing, taking or transmitting images, playing games, or composing, sending, reading, viewing, accessing, browsing, transmitting, saving or retrieving e-mail, text messages, or other electronic data.
New Yorks Cellular Phone Law
Use of a hand-held cellular telephone to engage in a call while driving is prohibited in New York State, pursuant to Vehicle and Traffic Law Section 1225c. This law became effective December 1, 2001 violators may be issued a ticket for a traffic infraction, resulting in a fine of up to $150.
- When the driver uses a hands-free mobile telephone, which allows the user to communicate without the use of either hand.
- When the purpose of the phone call is to communicate an emergency to a police or fire department, a hospital or physician's office, or an ambulance corps.
- When operating an authorized emergency vehicle in the performance of official duties.
Please remember that 911 is for emergencies only.
Dialing 911 is a free call for cellular subscribers. Police and EMS officials say that in many cases response times have been cut, criminals have been apprehended and lives have been saved due to calls from cellular phone users.
For more information, visit www.safeny.ny.gov


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Israel News - Stay Informed, Pray Informed
Many world leaders have plans for the formation of a Palestinian state in the Holy Land. Unbeknownst to most, the future state of Palestine and its terror-controlled neighborhoods has already been declared in Scripture.
In a major step towards statehood, Palestinian leaders, with help from the United Nations, have designs to divvy up Israel's sovereign land. Their plan is to introduce a resolution at the UN on November 29 recognizing the Palestinian-controlled areas of Israel as an "observer state", with the ultimate goal of seizing Israel's sovereign land as their own state and making Jerusalem the capital of a newly-formed Palestine.
However, the supreme guide of the Muslim Brotherhood, from whom Egypt's President Mohamed Morsi takes his orders, declared that a Palestinian state will not happen by U.N. efforts. Claiming that Jihad (war) on Jerusalem is the only way to seize control, Sheikh Mohammed Badie declared, "Jerusalem is Islamic ... and nobody is entitled to make concessions" on the Holy City.
President Obama does not make it clear whether he intends to back U.N. efforts to give Israel's sovereign land to the Palestinians, or to privately support the Muslims as they wage Jihad on Israel's soil. A quick check of President Obama's foreign policies at WhiteHouse.gov reveals that he does intend to help create a "State of Palestine": "two states for two peoples – Israel as a Jewish state and the homeland for the Jewish people and the State of Palestine as the homeland for the Palestinian people."
Currently obscured by man's plans to create a "State of Palestine" on the land of Israel, stands the word of the Lord regarding His plans for Palestine.
The Bible declares, "As for all my wicked neighbors who seize the inheritance I gave my people Israel, I will uproot them from their lands …if they learn well the ways of my people and swear by my name, saying, 'As surely as the LORD lives'…then they will be established among my people. But if any nation does not listen, I will completely uproot and destroy it, declares the LORD." (Jeremiah 12:14-17)
So, we see that the Lord has plans to uproot and destroy any nation that seizes the land He gave to the Jews as an inheritance. The question now remains, when?
The words of Yeshua ha'Mashiach (Jesus) provide a major clue to the end of Palestine. Yeshua told Judah (the Jews) that He had other sheep not of their fold. He told the Jews He came for the lost sheep of the House of Israel, also called Ephraim or Joseph. (John 10:16)
Yeshua further identify the lost sheep of the House of Israel in John 10:27, where He stated, "my sheep hear my voice." In essence, Yeshua claims that His followers are the House of Israel, otherwise known as Ephraim or Joseph.
Isaiah 11:13-14: "Ephraim (House of Israel/fullness of gentile nations who follow Jesus) will not be jealous of Judah (the Jews), nor Judah hostile toward Ephraim. They will swoop down on the slopes of Philistia (modern day Gaza) to the west; together they will plunder the people to the east. They will subdue Edom and Moab, and the Ammonites (modern day Jordan) will be subject to them."
Therefore, when followers of Yeshua and the Jews unite as one nation, then you will see the end of the Palestinian threat in Israel, and Jordan will be in submission.
Of course, the Lord of the Bible not only has plans to deal with Gaza and the Palestinian attackers of Israel, according to Zechariah 12:9, He will deal harshly and severely with all nations who attack Jerusalem, "On that day I will set out to destroy all the nations that attack Jerusalem."
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Tour de France 1949 vintage poster features a special cover of the weekly French sports magazine But et Club for the 1949 edition of the Tour de France.
These three famous riders all finished on the podium in 1949, and all wore the maillot jaune at different stages during the race. Left to right: Fausto Coppi (1st in the GC), Frenchman Jacques Marinelli (3rd) and Italian Gino Bartali (2nd).
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ONLY PHOTOS OF PROVINCE OF TERAMO until differently specified.
The Province of Teramo is located in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Teramo. The landscape of the Province of Teramo is somewhat peculiar in that it is dominated almost entirely on the east by a large body of water and on the west by the Apennine Mountains. The province is divided latitudinally by the hills and valleys that begin in the Apennines and run almost to the coast.
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text: I first saw Allison Krumwiede's art at the LA Zine Fest and still can't believe she isn't like the biggest most important artist ever. Her pop culture work is incredible and her talent literally spans across every medium – from digital rendering to needlepoint. Whereas most artists spend their entire lives trying to perfect one thing like pen and ink drawings, she can easily switch between a brush and a needle like a civilian trades forks for knives at a dinner table. So, it's rare that someone like Allison comes around, extremely freaking rare! She is definitely a talent to watch out for, especially considering she's already done commercial work for some of the country's media bigwigs like The New York Times and The Village Voice within a year of graduating from Art Center.


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American Samoa, officially Territory of American Samoa, unincorporated territory of the United States consisting of the eastern part of the Samoan archipelago, located in the south-central Pacific Ocean. It lies about 1,600 miles (2,600 km) northeast of New Zealand and 2,200 miles (3,500 km) southwest of the U.S. state of Hawaii.
The territory, which is part of Polynesia, includes the six Samoan islands east of the 171° W meridian. Samoa (formerly Western Samoa), its closest neighbour and a self-governing country, consists of the nine Samoan islands west of the meridian. American Samoa includes the inhabited islands of Tutuila, Tau, Olosega, Ofu, and Aunuu, along with an uninhabited coral atoll named Rose Atoll. Swains Island, an inhabited coral atoll, about 280 miles (450 km) northwest of Tutuila and physiographically separate from the archipelago, was made a part of American Samoa in 1925. The capital of American Samoa is Pago Pago, on Tutuila.
Except for the coral atolls, the islands of American Samoa were formed within the past seven million years by volcanic activity; their interiors are high and rugged. The main island of Tutuila, with an area of 52 square miles (135 square km), rises steeply above deep inlets. The most notable of these inlets is Pago Pago Harbor, which divides the island nearly in two. Tutuila's highest point is Matafao Peak (2,142 feet [653 metres]). The Manua island group (Tau, Olosega, and Ofu islands), situated about 60 miles (100 km) east of Tutuila, constitutes the second largest island area. Coral reefs are common at the extremities of the islands, particularly Tutuila; some of the reefs form barriers that enclose lagoons.
American Samoa's climate is tropical, and precipitation is ample. Pago Pago receives about 200 inches (5,000 mm) annually. Most streams carry greater volumes of water in the highlands than near the sea and do not reach the ocean; rather, they filter into the porous basalt rocks. Hence, coastal wells provide much of the water supply. Temperatures are unusually constant; average temperatures range from the high 60s to the low 90s F (about 21 to 32 °C). Average humidity is 80 percent. The moderate southeast trade winds prevail, but severe storms can occur during the wet season, from November to March.
Plant and animal life
Rainforests with tall ferns and trees cover the mountainous interiors of the islands. Plantations of taro, coconut, and other food crops are located on the coasts. Although the islands are not rich in animal life, some of their bird species—such as the rare tooth-billed pigeon—are unique. Wildlife includes flying foxes (a type of bat), lizards, rats, snakes, and pigs. The islands also have myriad and ubiquitous flying and crawling insects.
The great majority of the population (more than nine-tenths) is ethnically Samoan; there are tiny minorities of Tongan and Filipino origin and of people of mixed ethnicity. The Samoans are a Polynesian people closely related to the native peoples of New Zealand, French Polynesia, Hawaii, and Tonga. The Samoan way of life, or fa'a Samoa, is communal. The basic unit of social organization is the extended family (aiga). Even after decades of foreign influence, most Samoans are fluent in the Samoan language. Most American Samoans nonetheless also speak English. About half of the population belongs to one of several Protestant denominations, among which the Congregational Christian Church has the largest following. More than one-sixth of the population is Roman Catholic, and slightly less than one-sixth is Mormon.
Pago Pago is the main port and administrative and commercial centre. There is a large proportion of foreign-born residents in American Samoa; more than two-fifths of the people were born outside the territory, largely in Samoa, with smaller proportions from the United States, Tonga, various Asian countries, and other Pacific islands. Additionally, since the mid-20th century many American Samoans have migrated to the United States, with the result that there are more American Samoans abroad than on the islands. The rate of population growth has increased rapidly since the late 20th century, however, mainly because of high birth rates and low death rates.
The economy is based on services and manufacturing. The government is the main employer. A large part of the national income comes in the form of grants from the U.S. federal government. Tuna canning (by American-owned canneries) and tourism are major industries. Agriculture is organized on a semicommercial basis for the production of taro, bananas, tropical fruits, and vegetables. Traditional family gardens produce coconuts, breadfruit, and yams. Production nearly meets domestic needs, and the U.S. government has implemented programs to increase production to self-sufficiency levels. The United States and Singapore are the main sources of imports (which include fish destined for the canneries, consumer goods, food, and mineral fuels), although Fiji and New Zealand are also notable exporters of goods to American Samoa. The United States is the primary destination for exports, which consist mostly of canned tuna, along with a small amount of pet food.
A major public works program on American Samoa from the 1970s to the '90s increased the number of miles of paved roads, mostly on the island of Tutuila. Pago Pago is the only major port. An international airport is located on Tutuila, and smaller airstrips operate on other islands.
Government and society
Constitutional framework
Because American Samoa is an unincorporated, unorganized territory of the United States, not all provisions of the U.S. Constitution apply. Moreover, the United States has not provided an organic (charter) act setting forth a system of government. Instead, the U.S. secretary of the interior, who has had jurisdiction over the territory since 1951, gave American Samoa the authority to draft its own constitution (1967). The people are U.S. nationals (with the right to enter and reside in the United States) but not citizens. The territory's chief executive, according to the constitution of 1967, is the governor. In 1976 American Samoans approved a referendum that provided for the popular election of the governor and lieutenant governor for four-year terms; prior to that time, the governor was appointed by the U.S. government. The minimum voting age is 18.
American Samoa has a bicameral legislature, called the Fono, which meets for two sessions each year. It is autonomous in its disposition of local revenues and is the sole lawmaking body, although the governor has the power to veto legislation. The members of American Samoa's House of Representatives (lower house) are elected by universal suffrage to two-year terms; one member is a nonvoting delegate elected from Swains Island. Members of the Senate (upper house) are chosen by councils of chiefs, in accordance with Samoan custom, to serve four-year terms. In 1981 the first official nonvoting delegate from American Samoa to the U.S. House of Representatives was elected. The United States is responsible for defense.
Local government
Apart from Swains Island, the islands are divided into several administrative districts (each with an appointed district governor), which are subdivided into counties. The influence of the extended families (aiga) reaches to the district level. The aiga are headed by chiefs (matai), who are selected by their extended families on the basis of consensus. Most chiefs' titles are very old. The matai together make up village and district councils (fono), which control and run local affairs. This autonomous village control is linked with the central government through the district governors, who are appointed by the governor.
The highest legal authority is the High Court, which is headed by a chief justice and associate justices, all appointed by the U.S. secretary of the interior. The High Court has appellate, trial, and land and titles divisions. Each village has a village court with authority to adjudicate matters pertaining to village rules and local customs. District courts hear preliminary felony proceedings, certain cases arising from the village courts, and civil and small claims.
Health and welfare
Health conditions are generally good. The leading causes of death include heart diseases, cancers, and diseases of the respiratory system. Life expectancy is in the low 70s for men and low 80s for women, somewhat higher than the averages for the region.
Education is compulsory between ages 6 and 18 and is provided by public elementary and secondary schools as well as a small number of private schools. The Office of Public Information provides educational television programming to supplement the curriculum of local schools. American Samoa Community College, on Tutuila, offers programs in liberal arts and sciences, vocational and technical training, and nursing school. University education is available from universities in Hawaii or on the U.S. mainland.
Cultural life
The people of American Samoa are heavily influenced by U.S. culture—including television programs, music, and foods—although the traditional fa'a Samoa is preserved. Songs and dances in particular show the islanders' Polynesian heritage. The National Park of American Samoa, which includes parts of Tutuila, Tau, and Ofu islands, encompasses rugged shorelines, reefs, and rainforests. Further information on the culture of the Samoan people may be found in the article Polynesian culture.
The Samoan islands were settled by Polynesians (probably from Tonga) about 1000 bce. Many scholars believe that by about 500 ce Samoa had become the point of origin for voyagers who settled much of eastern Polynesia.
The Dutch navigator Jacob Roggeveen sighted Samoa in 1722, and other European explorers, beachcombers, and traders followed. The London Missionary Society sent its first representatives to the islands in the 1830s. More missionaries traveled to the islands as missionary influence spread to Tutuila and later the Manua Islands.
In 1878 the United States signed a treaty for the establishment of a naval station in Pago Pago Harbor. An 1899 agreement between colonial powers divided Samoa into spheres of influence: Germany gained control of the western islands, and the United States took the eastern islands. Formal cession by the local chiefs came later. By 1904 the eastern islands had all been ceded to the United States, although the U.S. Congress did not formally accept the deeds of cession until Feb. 20, 1929. Under the administration of the U.S. Navy (1900–51), American Samoa became a strategic naval base, but the Samoan leaders had little administrative power. In 1951 control of the territory was transferred to the U.S. Department of the Interior. The U.S. government appointed a governor who had full powers to administer the territory. The governor appointed political advisers and senior civil servants from the United States to help him.
The Samoans agitated for control of their country's affairs, and in 1977 Peter Coleman, a Samoan, became the territory's first elected governor. Since then all members of the territory's Fono have been elected by the citizens. In 1981 American Samoans for the first time elected a nonvoting delegate to serve a two-year term in the U.S. House of Representatives. Congressman Eni F.H. Faleomavaega was elected to that office in 1988 and repeatedly won reelection.
On Sept. 29, 2009, the Samoan archipelago was shaken by an undersea earthquake of magnitude 8.3, centred some 120 miles (190 km) to the south in the Pacific Ocean. The quake generated a tsunami that flooded the islands of American Samoa in several waves and caused extensive damage to Tutuila; Pago Pago was inundated, and villages throughout the islands were flattened, killing scores of people.Albert Wendt Sophie Foster
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
Pacific Islands: Patterns of colonial administrationOne year after eastern Samoa was given to the United States under the convention of 1899, Pres. William McKinley placed it under the authority of the Department of the Navy; the commanding officer of the station also became governor and administered the islands with the help of his technical…
flag of American Samoaflag was officially hoisted over American Samoa on April 17, 1900, and remained the sole official flag for the next 60 years. Local government gradually developed and expanded to involve an increasing proportion of the Samoan population. As a result, the idea of a local flag was first discussed in…
United States
United States, country in North America, a federal republic of 50 states. Besides the 48 conterminous states that occupy the middle latitudes of the continent, the United States includes the state of Alaska, at the northwestern extreme of North…
Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean, body of salt water extending from the Antarctic region in the south to the Arctic in the north and lying between the continents of Asia and Australia on the west and North and South America on the east. Of…
New Zealand
New Zealand, island country in the South Pacific Ocean, the southwesternmost part of Polynesia. New Zealand is a remote land—one of the last sizable territories suitable for habitation to be populated and settled—and lies more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Australia, its nearest neighbour. The country…
More About American Samoa5 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- administration
- flag history
- history
- physical geography
- population and demography


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Facebook and Privacy
Facebook has announced major changes in the way it allows you to handle privacy decisions—and the changes are good. It's easier to make sure you control who sees your private information, not Facebook.
But, is your privacy now better protected on Facebook?
Yes, but here's the rub: despite Facebook's actions to make it easier for you to set your privacy settings, it's still easy for you to give away more information than you mean to. Why? Despite what Facebook says about honoring your privacy rights, it hasn't made the one simple change that would really protect you: it hasn't made the default setting on every item "maximum privacy."
Maximum privacy: the least amount of your information is shared. Unless you tell Facebook to change your settings, they would always be set on the most restrictive setting.
Right now, many of Facebook's settings still give you minimum privacy. Facebook assumes the opposite: unless you make a real effort to tell them "no", Facebook shares as much about you as they can to as many people and companies as possible.
What to do now:
- If you've been to our website earlier and have already followed the steps to "Lock Down" your account, you're set. You don't need to do anything. (We thank the Business Insider for this excellent plan.)
- If you haven't "locked down" your account, read this column from Newsweek that explains why many groups—including FoolProof—think you should be concerned about your privacy on Facebook.
- Then check out this analysis of Facebook's latest privacy changes.
- Then decide how much privacy you want.
- Then work through your privacy settings. You can use this simple plan.
Want to know more about social networks and privacy issues?
Here's a sampling of good commentaries:
- A simple video on what happens to your information when you go online from Demand Your dotRights.
- 10 Things You Need To Know About Today's Facebook Privacy Changes from All Facebook.
- Facebook Gives the Scoop on New Privacy Controlsfrom Time Magazine.
- Facebook Gets The Message On Privacy from National Public Radio.
- Facebook overhaul simplifies privacy controls from the San Jose Mercury News.
- Facebook privacy must be watched from The Financial Times. (To read this article, you'll need to register.)


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Information Security
- FeatureFinding the best security testing tools for product evaluation
- FeatureSecurity Products Latest Version Releases: CipherTrust, Infoblox
- FeatureRisk Management: Skybox Security's Skybox View 3.0
- FeatureSecure Reads: Multimedia Fingerprinting Forensics for Traitor Tracing
- FeatureHost-Based IPS
- FeatureAutomated data classification drives security, storage convergence
- FeatureIntrusion Detection: Lancope StealthWatch 5.5
- FeatureAntimalware: Prevx's Prevx1
- FeatureProtect What's Precious
- FeatureAvoiding Audit Failure: Getting Advice on PCI Compliance Mistakes
- FeatureAt Your Service: December 2006 managed services security news
- FeatureSecurity 7, 'Best In Show' Shine
- FeatureReconnex's iGuard v5 security tool review
- FeatureEditor's Desk: More threats and more dollars
- FeaturePING: Bernard Donnelly
- FeaturePerspectives: Lack of enforcement undercuts HIPAA
- FeatureLayer 8: Security managers come into their own
iSTOCK/GETTY IMAGES
Protect What's Precious
We asked and you answered: Insiders, information leaks, compliance and the bottom line are your front-and-center priorities for 2007.
We asked and you answered: Insiders, Information leaks, compliance and the bottom lIne are your front-and-center priorities for 2007.
As IT director at a small manufacturer of specialized yacht equipment, Michael Bartlett worries about protecting the firm's intellectual property from outsiders. But increasingly, he's anxious about the threat posed by trusted insiders.
His agenda for 2007 is straightforward: beef up internal security.
"So far, we've been concentrating on the perimeter and the firewall, and protecting ourselves from the outside world," says Bartlett of Quantum Marine Engineering of Florida. "As the company is growing, we need to take better steps to protect our data inside."
Bartlett voices a common concern for many readers who participated in Information Security's 2007 Priorities Survey. For years, organizations' security efforts focused on shoring up network perimeters. These days, the focus has expanded to protecting sensitive corporate data from insiders--trusted employees and business partners--who might either maliciously steal or inadvertently leak information.
Nearly 40 percent of the 453 security professionals surveyed rate detecting internal attacks as either a very or somewhat important challenge for next year. To that end, many place a priority on identity and access management issues in 2007. About 32 percent say improving employee access to information will be very important for their organizations, and almost 30 percent say deploying stronger authentication is key for next year. Brian Joyce, IT director at CPA firm Joseph Decosimo and Co., says his firm plans to implement some type of strong authentication, probably RSA Security's RSA SecurID.
"One of our biggest vulnerabilities is our end-user community, even though we force strong passwords and short retention times," he says. "[If] a user maliciously or accidentally gives out a password, that makes us more vulnerable."
Concern about the risk posed by insiders spans private and public sectors alike. This fall, the Edmonton Police Service in Canada was in the process of installing a tool from Consul Risk Management to track what privileged users are doing on the network and hosts. The agency, which has about 1,400 police officers and 400 civilian staffers, is also looking at ways it could develop additional policies to manage end-user risk, says Peter Clissold, head of security. With some officers working covertly on drug or gang-related cases, he says data security is critical for the department: "If our information is mishandled, it can be life or death."
In an academic environment, controlling user access is difficult, but just as important as in the corporate world, says Jon Oliver, assistant dean and IT director at Rutgers University's School of Communication, Information and Library Studies.
"Staff turnover is higher not because of dissatisfaction, but because we use a lot of hourly student staff," he says. "The issues of access control and identity management are critical for us specifically for that reason. I don't think we've done enough in terms of coordinating that among the entire university establishment."
His school is taking steps to strengthen authentication and get away from simple passwords, which Oliver describes as problematic. Plans for a new research facility include using smart cards to log onto thin clients.
But for Quantum's Bartlett, trying to implement internal controls at the company, which has about 50 employees, is easier said than done. Anything that slows down access is a hard sell.
"Because of the friendly environment, it's sometimes hard to get people to willingly put a block between [them] and the information, even if it's in the best interest in the long run," he says.
Plus, while protective measures help, they won't necessarily stop a determined malicious employee, notes Jay Martin, security manager at D&E Communications, a provider of phone, Internet and other services in Pennsylvania. The proliferation of devices like USB keys among a staff of about 500 makes the job of data protection even harder.
"In the end, if you have a trusted user who is planning to leave the company or is disgruntled, you can authenticate all day but it's still hard to prevent them from taking the data from their screen and putting it to some use that wasn't intended," he says.
User Education
Many organizations are looking beyond technical fixes to tackle insider abuse. Glen Carson, information security officer for California's Victim Compensation and Govern-ment Claims Board, says the problem stems more from a lack of user education than poor authentication.
His priority is education: explaining to the 350 users in his agency why data security is important and how it will help them in the long run.
"We recently completed a third-party security assessment and got a good test of our exterior shell, but internally our controls were lacking," he says. "Sticky notes with passwords were found on monitors and in desk areas, in scripts and unprotected source code. People just need help knowing what needs to be done and why."
Carson, who joined the board earlier this year, is building its first formal information security program from the ground up. As the entire infosecurity department, Carson says he needs all the help he can get.
"The best way I know that I can get everybody to help is through education," he says.
Educating end users--which more than 43 percent of survey respondents say will be very important for their organizations next year--is a big part of the security process at USG, a Fortune 500 building products company.
"We believe if we increase our [user] awareness, we could be able to minimize the insider threat," says Ken Watson, USG director of IT risk management and end-user services.
Decosimo's Joyce says keeping clients' data private and secure is especially challenging because a mobile workforce has made network boundaries nearly disappear. The firm uses a wide range of security policies and technologies, with an emphasis on user policy compliance and education.
"We are increasingly finding that, regardless of the amount of money we spend on security technology, an educated end-user community is a first and critical line of defense," he says.
Compliance Headaches
While organizations work to educate end users, regulatory compliance remains a chore for many.
|Ignore at your own risk
|Click here for an overview showing that preventing virus and worm infections is still a priority (PDF).
Nearly 34 percent of survey respondents say auditing user access and reviewing privileges will be their top compliance challenges in 2007. Readers also rank defining and enforcing security policies and encrypting the transmission of sensitive data as big regulatory issues for next year.
D&E's Martin, who estimates that roughly 20 percent of his time is spent on Sarbanes-Oxley and HIPAA compliance issues, says that database encryption is a challenge for his firm, and that external auditors don't provide much guidance on that front: "They ask for things that would be detrimental to our systems."
Having a good plan for notifying customers in the event of a breach that exposes their confidential data is another compliance-related task his firm is tackling. California's security breach law SB 1386 paved the way for similar requirements in other states. "We keep hearing there might be a federal law. Now there are 30 different state laws to comply with," Martin says. "It's just a mess."
The company also is looking into laptop encryption. Lost or stolen laptops containing private customer data can run a company into all sorts of regulatory trouble, not to mention reputational harm.
For USG, the segregation of duties required by Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404--for example, making sure an accounts-payable employee doesn't also have access to the general ledger--is a top compliance challenge, but one that the company has a grip on, Watson says.
Chad Bartosh, IT director at North Dakota Credit Union League--a statewide association of credit unions--says the small firm has limited resources and is working to identify a vendor that will help it meet Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) rules and other regulations.
"We're trying to get everything done through one shop so we don't have to work with multiple vendors," he says.
While businesses wrestle with regulations like Sarbanes-Oxley, the Edmonton Police Service has other rules it must follow. "We're in the same boat, really," Clissold says.
In order to access federal police systems, the service must use two-factor authentication and has deployed RSA SecurID to meet that requirement. Also, the service must meet the standards of the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies.
Some regulations, such as HIPAA, aren't particularly challenging because they're just common sense, says Andy Sutton, network services manager at Texas Health Resources, a nonprofit healthcare system with about 25,000 users.
"Most of [the requirements] are things that a good organization would be doing any way, such as protection of information and preventing unauthorized access to information," he says.
Moreover, vendors are building in accommodations for HIPAA requirements for authorized access to patient information and logging access to that data, he says.
The Bottom Line
Of course, complying with regulations and implementing security technology takes money, but 27 percent of the security professionals surveyed don't expect their overall security budget to increase from this year.
"Ours is pretty flat," Sutton says. "Our budgets are being used primarily for business-related activities. They're going up, but not for security."
Another executive at a large firm also says his security budget won't increase: "It's just hard to make the business case. We try, but it's hard."
For some organizations, budgets aren't just staying the same, they're shrinking. For example, Rutgers is feeling the fallout of a significant statewide shortfall. "We're working under some pretty severe budget constraints," says Oliver.
Yet others are enjoying increases. Twenty-one percent of those surveyed expect their budgets to increase between 10 and 25 percent. Decosimo, for example, is likely to increase its security spending between 10 and 20 percent, Joyce says.
At global truck maker Paccar, next year's security budget will depend on which proposed projects win approval, says Shelley Percich, its technology project manager.
But, she adds, "security is a requirement for all projects that are approved, and additional funding for security requirements is allocated for most all of our projects."
Likewise, Edmonton's Clissold says he doesn't lack funding. He's in the process of building a security infrastructure; two years ago, the service had none to speak of.
"I'm in growth [mode] here, and, because of that, my budget is increasing," he says.
At the North Dakota Credit Union League, the tricky part is figuring out how much money to spend on security, Bartosh says, "because you can sure throw a lot of money out the window, but it won't do anything for you."
What's on Tap
Insider threats and regulatory requirements are driving organizations to spend money on strong authentication and encryption, but companies have a variety of security initiatives planned for next year.
In addition to deploying two-factor authentication, Decosimo expects to spend more next year on physical security. Plans also call for upgrading the company's disaster recovery/business continuity process, Joyce says.
A big project for Texas Health Resources will be implementing single sign-on with biometric authentication as an option for certain computers--a project that had been previously budgeted.
"I'd like to say it's to enhance security, but the main reason is that it's what the doctors want. The perception is that it will speed up signing onto the computer," Sutton says.
Meanwhile, patch management is something Edmonton police will be spending more money on in 2007. Until recently, the service didn't have an automated means of deploying patches.
"We've got an interim means now and we will be spending more to improve that," Clissold says. Beyond specific technologies, the service plans to focus on the convergence of physical and IT security, he adds.
For Rutgers' Oliver, better formalizing of his school's data security policies and procedures is one of his main goals for 2007. Information is critical to a university's research, teaching and service missions, he says.
"You can't have faculty research without maintaining secure and confidential data.... You can't have student services without having information safe," Oliver says.


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Jump to navigation Jump to search
| A reader requests expansion of this book to include more material.
You can help by adding new material (learn how) or ask for assistance in the reading room.
Welding is one of the most important trades of the world in which we live. Welding is defined as 'the fusing of two or more pieces of metal or plastic'. It binds the office buildings in which we work, the malls where we hang out, and in every car that we will ever drive.
Welding is a 'skilled trade', which means that not everyone can pick up a welding torch and build something, it must be learned. Because of this, welders are often paid well or above average wages. Interested? It actually doesn't take too long to learn, in some cases a journey person status can be reached in as little as 3 years. The skilled welder has a steady hand, good hand-eye coordination, and good working ethics.


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|July 2, 2013, 01:06 PM
Junior Member
Join Date: July 1, 2013
Posts: 4
Vince Noel Gun??
Hi All,
I recently came across a gun (well actually purchased it) that i am being told is a custom 270 made by "Vince Noel", with a Mauser action i was hoping that someone one this forum would be able to tell me a little about this gun, the barrel (Douglas) appears to be bright and shiny as i had the chance to run a bore scope down the inside, i had purchased this rifle for $400.00 from a estate sale, Is this a good purchase, I really liked the weight and feel of the gun is what made me buy this.
Any input would be greatly appreciated.
|July 2, 2013, 06:57 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: November 2, 2005
Location: Arizona
Posts: 1,936
From the end of WWII until the , what, the late 60's or early seventys? every gun book and magazine had detailed directions on how to convert that cheap, ugly war rifle into a bea-tee-full hunting firearm. This inclued the M1 and M1 carbines. I'm as guilty as anyone else in that era, I spent many a evening building myself custom rifles. There were several companies listed in the American Rifleman selling pre-cut stocks ( of your choice of wood for extra $$ ) and other companies that would install the barrel of your choice. The parts houses had tons of after market parts. There were many custom rifles built that now sell for less than they are really worth. Many of todays custom gunsmiths got their start building these guns. I can't find the name of Vince Noel { he was proud enought to put his name on it } and with out pictures it is difficult to tell you anything valid, but any well built custom rifle built with a Douglas barrel. is worth more than what you paid. JMHO and I have another stack out in the garage.
Ron James
|July 3, 2013, 09:36 AM
Junior Member
Join Date: July 1, 2013
Posts: 4
Thank you for the help, I will try and get some pictures of this thing up in the next couple of days, but I do appreciate your response.
Please see attached image per your request, hope this helps a bit, if you need more detail of the rifle, please let me know.
Last edited by Rager907; July 3, 2013 at 09:44 AM. Reason: Attaching picture
|July 4, 2013, 11:26 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: November 2, 2005
Location: Arizona
Posts: 1,936
Well, I was hoping others would jump in, maybe the water is too cold. Oh well, From what I see you have a very well made hunting rifle that will out last you and your heirs. The real proof is in the shooting. If it puts the bull-lits where you want them, then the rifle and scope is well worth what you paid. It really looks like a well made ( not fancy ) hunting gun.
Ron James
|July 5, 2013, 10:08 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: October 25, 2001
Location: Alabama
Posts: 15,477
I never heard of Vince Noel, but you show a typical post WWII sporter conversion of an Army surplus rifle.
It is not a Mauser, it is a US Model 1917, originally .30-06, therefore a straightforward rebarrel to .270.
It is a very complete and thorough sporterizing job. Look up the 1917 US "Enfield" and you can see all the work ol Vince did. He removed the receiver sight and cut off the protective "ears" to allow a low scope mount. He straightened out or replaced the potbellied trigger guard/magazine well bottom metal to give a smoother profile. He pretty much turned it into a Remington Model 30.
The stock is a generic replacement likely from Bishop or Fajen. The brand name might be on the buttplate.
It is certainly $400 worth of hunting rifle, especially since you say you like the weight.
|July 8, 2013, 07:37 AM
Junior Member
Join Date: July 1, 2013
Posts: 4
Thank you very much for your help and detailed information.
Very much appreciated.
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Reviewed by Rawlin R. (age 8)
I liked this story because it was very funny and it make me feel good.
My favorite part was when the big skeleton grabbed the little skeleton?s foot and he fell down.
I learned that being alone is not much fun, but when you have company you always have much more fun because you have somebody to share your fun.
I recommend this book to beginning readers who are interested in reading a funny and scary story.


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Illinois Woman Convicted of Dismembering Her Husband
A jury has convicted a 24-year-old central Illinois woman of murder for the dismemberment of her husband.
Juatasha Denton-McCaster was convicted Tuesday evening after Sangamon County jurors spent more than seven hours deliberating.
She was accused of killing Norman McCaster in 2012. Authorities say she cut off the 22-year-old's head, hands and feet. They charged her with first-degree murder, dismemberment of a body, concealing a homicidal death and obstruction of justice after McCaster's body was found near Mechanicsburg.
Denton-McCaster was convicted of each charge.
She's set to be sentenced June 25.
Authorities say she faces between 20 and 60 years in prison for murder and six to 30 years for the dismemberment charge.
Sangamon County State's Attorney John Milhiser tells The (Springfield) State Journal-Register the sentences may be consecutive.


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Summer evening cardigan
Added Mar 16, 2013
by byVA
Ljubljana, Slovenia
I just finished cardigan from 03/2012, no. 107. I decided to try really very soft jersey, and … what to say, in the process of making buttonholes I used a lot of "not lady like" words…. luckily buttonholes are not visable. So, on the end, I am sure I will wear it a lot.
Material Notes
very light soft jersey
5 Comments Sign in to add a post
Mar 21, 2013, 03.04 AMby neveenkarnes
hahaha… we all use "not lady like words"… take a deep breath and move on. but we get the job done :) well done I love it.
1 Reply
Mar 22, 2013, 11.16 PMby byVA
thank you. I like even that aspect, ist expressing frustrations over subject which can not be offended. The day I was making my cardigan my bf at one point asked me if I am addressing this frustrations to cardigan on to him… so, I was so frustrated that I just replied: TO BOTH!…. :)
Mar 18, 2013, 12.26 PMby liliv-1
I like this pattern very much but I haven't even traced it yet because of the buttonholes. I' m thinking to cut the placket from a stable material. You were very brave to attempt making buttonholes on jersey, and the result is definetely rewarding. You have a sweet "lady like" catrdigan:)
1 Reply
Mar 22, 2013, 11.12 PMby byVA
its really nice pattern, very very lady like. And I wouldnt call myself brave, just not experienced. Recently I heard one scientist commenting his big invention, and he said: "why I tried?! I dont know, its just that I didnt know its impossible"… so you see, I just did not know its difficult
Mar 17, 2013, 09.45 AMby Anna Aasbjerg
Your cardigan look great and very comfortable! About the placket (I think it's called?? part, where the buttonholes are made), couldn't you just make it in a different fabric?
1 Reply
Mar 17, 2013, 10.26 PMby byVA
Mitmit, your idea about different fabric is great. It would give quite it a different touch. Next time …. and thanks for idea….
Mar 17, 2013, 07.03 AMby camelia db
nice cardigan you`ve made there ! I made it also and I forgot to write on my post here on Burdastyle that I did my buttonholes myself by hand as my sewing machine was completely against my lacy knit ( also a lot of "not so lady like " words :) )
1 Reply
Mar 17, 2013, 10.26 PMby byVA
And, I decided to make my own after I saw your post (and black, my favourite color).I like my result, but next time… I will follow your example and handsew them… or use mitmits idea :)
Mar 17, 2013, 12.09 AMby Mary Athey
Its lovely and i love.your fabric x
1 Reply
Mar 17, 2013, 10.20 PMby byVA
tank you Mary
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Linux flavors are increasingly supporting CLR binaries through "Mono". I've talked to several .NET developers who found porting to Mono pretty easy (and Mono apps run as-is under .NET).
For instance, Ubuntu and Debian now both come with several .NET apps as default apps (e.g. TomBoy).
And the Mono development platform (MonoDevelop) is far better supported under Mac/Linux these days than Eclipse, due to Sun's past restrictive licensing of Java.
Linux variant suggestion
Moderator: SourceGear
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Location: Bedford, TX
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Location: SourceGear
You can find non-Windows SOS clients at http://www.sourcegear.com/sos/downloads2.html. For those clients, the binaries are a GTK based client, so you'll need to make sure you have dependencies (like glib 2.x, etc.) to use it. Also note, ALL SOS 4.2 clients can connect to the SOS 5 server.
In regards to your post, are you suggesting a change in how the SOS client works, or have you not seen the clients yet?
Beth Kieler
SourceGear Technical Support
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DENVER — President Obama is coming to Colorado to highlight the state's gun control push as he tries to convince Congress to tackle the issue.
Obama is scheduled to come Tuesday. The White House says the president will meet with law enforcement and community leaders to discuss the gun control package signed into law by Gov. John Hickenlooper.
Colorado has gone further than any state outside the northeast in passing new gun laws. The state now prohibits the sale of magazines that hold more than 15 bullets and requires background checks for all private gun sales. Democrats passed the laws over strong Republican objections. Democrats said they were reacting to massacres at an Aurora movie theater and a Connecticut elementary school. Obama has been unable to get similar measures through Congress.