text:
Makers' Row wants to make it easier for businesses to produce their goods in the United States. The New York City-based startup has launched an online database that seeks to provide "unparalleled access" to industry-specific factories and suppliers across the country. Its first offering, which targets apparel and accessory manufacturers, couldn't have come at a better time. From automobiles to Apple computers, a "made in the U.S.A." renaissance is sweeping the nation for the first time in decades. We caught up with founders Matthew Burnett and Tanya Menendez to learn about the impetus for their project, their plans to demystify domestic manufacturing, and the company's mission to get long-shuttered assembly lines humming once more.
PREVIOUSLY ON ECOUTERRE: 14 American Designers Tell Us What "Made in the U.S.A." Means to Them
Let's talk about the financial liability of manufacturing outside the United States.
Manufacturing internationally has always been a gamble for American businesses. The production-price difference of goods overseas had been so profitable that businesses were willing to tolerate the inherent obstacles of shipping manufacturing overseas. Big businesses would hire contracted translators, foreign production inspectors, and even send employees overseas for months at a time during the production seasons to oversee the quality of goods made, but none of these cautionary practices could totally eliminate the fraud or production problems that occur.
China is responsible for about 60 percent of all product recalls today, compared with 36 percent in 2000.
China is responsible for about 60 percent of all product recalls today, compared with 36 percent in 2000.
Over the past 15 to 20 years, we've heard of reports of lead found in toys, but there are many more instances that trail back to cheap outsourced production as the main culprit. China is responsible for about 60 percent of all product recalls today, compared with 36 percent in 2000. These types of scenarios are a lose-lose for both American businesses and consumers.
Why are more companies turning towards domestic manufacturing?
Businesses are seeing the advantages of keeping manufacturing local and its effect on innovation. The demand for American-made is also increasing, and the cost of American manufacturing is becoming more competitive.
The cost of American manufacturing is becoming more competitive.
The cost of American manufacturing is becoming more competitive.
Our team either visits factories or speaks with factory owners every week to discuss how the service is affecting their business and client traffic. We've been seeing a sizable increase in the amount of clients bringing in new production orders that might have, at one point, been shipped overseas.
Factory owners say that the new clients value the faster turnaround time and quality control advantages of domestic manufacturing. These advantages to domestic manufacturing are compounded by the fact that the price of labor in China has been escalating dramatically within recent years.
Considering the issues with fit, size, color, or quality that frequently arise, does it really save money to manufacture outside the United States?
When the hidden costs are taken into account, [manufacturing overseas] may end up costing much more overall: shipping, import tax, excess inventory costs due to high minimums, and production errors. Labor isnt the only variable that should be taken into account when calculating costs. Not only does [producing domestically] end up saving money, it also reduces the cost. Plus, with lower minimums, businesses end up reducing the risk associated with creating a new product.
Do you have something in place that rates ethical and environmental compliance of each factory?
Within Makers' Row you will be able to find organic and eco-friendly manufacturers, and we hope to promote more local manufacturing, where we can reduce the carbon footprint of many product-based businesses. Additionally, since the U.S. has higher environmental standards than many of the overseas manufacturing facilities, we're happy to provide a resource where businesses can focus on finding American factories, contractors, and materials for their production.
We've incorporated a factory ratings and reviews section that will allow the design community to share their experiences.
We've incorporated a factory ratings and reviews section that will allow the design community to share their experiences.
In terms of the homework we do on each factory, we try to grow our community of factories at a steady pace that allows us to go through each profile to email, or call each factory to verify [that] they are who they say they are. We've also recently incorporated a factory ratings and reviews section that will allow the design community to share their experiences with factories they do business with.
We'll be allowing factories to share more details and verification regarding their facilities in our database very soon.
What are some other industries you hope to tap into in the future?
Makers' Row will definitely be expanding into new industries in the very near future but would rather not ruin the surprise for our users. We're listening to our design community's feedback in order to help us select the industries we include, so please vote and let us know what you would like to see next!
Will it ultimately depend on consumer choice when it comes to increasing more U.S. manufacturing?
Consumers and companies both share responsibility to the state of American manufacturing. The solution to outsourcing is in the united efforts of consumers demanding American-made goods and businesses choosing domestic manufacturing over international.
Today, we are seeing that both sides are taking part in re-shoring product manufacturing. We are creating Makers' Row to support this manufacturing resurgence by providing more domestic production solutions for small businesses and aspiring entrepreneurs.


text:
Martyr Gorgonius of Nicomedia
Saint Gorgonius and those with him suffered with Saint Anthimus during the persecution against Christians under the emperors Diocletian (284-305) and Maximian (305-311). The persecution became particularly intense after a fire at the imperial court at Nicomedia. The pagans accused the Christians of setting the fire and reacted against them with terrible ferocity.
In Nicomedia alone, on the day of the Nativity of Christ, as many as twenty thousand Christians were burned inside a church. However, this monstrous inhumanity did not frighten the Christians, who firmly confessed their faith and endured martyrdom for Christ.
Sts Dorotheus, Mardonius, Migdonius, Peter, Indes and Gorgonius died during this period. One of them was beheaded by the sword, others perished by burning, or being buried alive, or by drowning in the sea.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Rhodes '07 Top Moot Court Oratorby Howard W. Hewitt • October 26, 2004 Share:
Wabash College sophomore Steven Rhodes saved his best for last.
Rhodes, a West Lafayette High School graduate, was named top orator during the College's annual Moot Court competition Oct. 26 in Salter Hall.
Rhodes and freshman Matt Olivarez were advocates to junior Jacob Straub and senior Charles Lopez respondent position arguing a case involving federal sentencing guidelines.
"I felt like this was my strongest performance," said Rhodes, a Wabash chemistry major. "I was really, really surprised and thrilled. I think the questions from knowledgeable lawyers and judges who have been advocating all their life really provides a learning experience that's just so valuable. It's so much beyond what you could get - maybe even in the classroom setting."
The quality of the four finalists' arguments impressed the judges' panel chief justice. The Honorable John G. Baker, Indiana Court of Appeals, said afterwards he wanted first pick of any of the four participants as future law clerks.
"This is the first time I've had an occasion to judge undergraduates," the judge said. "I was particularly impressed with their grasp of the issues and their ability to handle themselves. I wasn't being just ingratiating that I would have no trouble having these people make presentations on a daily basis. They were very accomplished.
"I've had occasion to do this with law students and new lawyers, but this is the first time with college students. I thought they acquitted themselves very well."
Wabash is one of the few undergraduate schools in the country to offer a Moot Court competition.
Baker was quick to challenge the students' arguments and watch them think on their feet.
"The questions posed by the judges are really what make the process neat," said Rhodes (in photo with Baker, at left). "You almost get in sort of a discussion type setting that really helps you examine an issue. I think you come to a much better understanding of an issue by discussing it rather than simply having two opposing sides stand up and give a speech."
Wabash graduate Michael D. Keele '78, Marion Superior Court, was also generous in his praise of the finalists and the Moot Court program.
"It's only been here 11 years and I'm amazed it hasn't been here longer," Keele said. "What a great opportunity for college students to participate in a format like this before real judges.
"Even though we were unanimous in our selection of Mr. Rhodes, it wasn't an easy decision and we all concurred they all were very well prepared. As Judge Baker indicated, if we had lawyers that well prepared and with that appropriate demeanor appear in front of us regularly we'd be a lot happier and our job would be a lot easier."
The other two judges on the panel were Magistrate Judge Tim A. Baker, United States District Court, and Wabash College English Professor Warren Rosenberg.
For the winner, the Moot Court experience further validated his college choice.
"For me it came down to Purdue and Wabash," Rhodes said. "I felt I could become a more well-rounded individual by attending Wabash. Being able to participate in a competition like Moot Court, and parliamentary debate, and then doing some research in the chemistry department over the summer … a varied experience was what I was looking for. It's been more than I could ever have imagined."
More than 75 Lawrence North High School students were part of the audience. The students are involved in a Constitutional Law class. They will stage their own Moot Court competition later in the school year and return to campus for the finals. The four Wabash finalists will act as judges for the LN competition.
Two of the high school students presented a plaque to Wabash College Associate Professor of Speech David Timmerman for his assistance to the their school's Moot Court program.


text:
Coulter peddled Katrina falsehoods on Fox, but the truth sneaked in -- "I don't know what the details are"
Research ››› ››› JOSH KALVEN
As a guest on the September 8 edition of Fox News' Hannity & Colmes, right-wing pundit Ann Coulter made several false statements pertaining to Hurricane Katrina and the relief efforts taking place in its aftermath.
Coulter claimed it is "manifestly true" that no one anticipated the levee breeches, then admitted she doesn't know the "details"
When co-host Alan Colmes cited President Bush's claim, made during a September 1 interview with ABC's Diane Sawyer, that he "didn't think anyone anticipated the breach of the levees," Coulter interjected: "That's manifestly true." But after Colmes objected to her assertion, Coulter admitted she actually did not know "what the details are about this."
In fact, Bush's claim that no one "anticipated the breach of the levees" is categorically false. The St. Petersburg Times reported on August 30 that National Hurricane Center director Max Mayfield "talked about the force of Katrina during a video conference call to President Bush at his ranch in Crawford, Texas" on August 28. The Washington Post quoted Mayfield on September 6: "They knew that this one was different. ... I don't think [Federal Emergency Management Agency director] Mike Brown or anyone else in FEMA could have any reason to have any problem with our calls. ... They were told ... We said the levees could be topped." Moreover, just hours after the storm passed on Monday, August 29, Brown confirmed that the potential for catastrophic flooding remained. In an interview with Brown, NBC Today co-host Matt Lauer noted, "In New Orleans, in particular, they're worried about the levees giving way or the canals not holding, and they're worried about toxic runoff." Brown responded that even though the storm had weakened, there was still a 15- to 20-foot storm surge causing "the water out of Lake Pontchartrain and the Gulf and the Mississippi [to] continue to converge upon Louisiana." Brown added, "So we're still ready for a major disaster."
Coulter demanded that MoveOn.org "actually help out" with the Katrina disaster, overlooking the group's national evacuee housing program
In response to co-host Sean Hannity's claim that "prominent Democrats" had "politicized" the disaster in New Orleans and the Gulf Coast, Coulter complained: "MoveOn.com [sic: MoveOn.org] is down protesting outside the White House today. How about putting together some evacuee bags? How about actually helping out?"
In fact, MoveOn.org has done more than simply protest the Bush administration's response to Hurricane Katrina. In the wake of the disaster, the organization mounted a national emergency housing drive that, the group reports, has volunteered to provide more than 250,000 beds to those left homeless by the storm and flood, as the weblog Think Progress noted in response to Coulter.
Coulter falsely suggested that Barry Lynn has no church
To further argue that liberal groups have not sufficiently aided in relief efforts in Louisiana and Mississippi, Coulter stated she would like to see a "breakdown" of "how much churches are contributing versus, say, Barry Lynn's church." When Hannity asked her what church she was talking about, Coulter explained that it was a "joke," suggesting that Lynn, the executive director of Americans United for Separation of Church and State, was not associated with an actual church.
In fact, Lynn is an ordained minister in the United Church of Christ (UCC). Moreover, the UCC created the "Hope Shall Bloom" Hurricane Katrina Fund in the immediate aftermath of the catastrophe. The church recently increased its fundraising goal for disaster relief to $3 million.
From the September 8 edition of Fox News' Hannity & Colmes:
COLMES: Well, no one is blaming the hurricane on him. I think it's the response. And there's enough blame to go around, but you know when he says, "I didn't think anyone anticipated the breach of the levees," And then Brown gets on --
COULTER: That's manifestly true.
COLMES: Thursday -- well not when he said it -- and says that he didn't know the evacuees were stranded at the Superdome until earlier that day.
COULTER: Look, I don't know what the details are about this.
HANNITY: Every prominent Democrat has politicized this before we even searched every home for dead bodies.
COULTER: Oh, yeah, and they're down -- Moveon.com is down protesting outside the White House today. How about putting together some evacuee bags? How about actually helping out? And you know, speaking of that, I think, you know, I'd like to see a breakdown at the end of this -- how much churches are contributing versus, say, Barry Lynn's church.
HANNITY: What church?
COULTER: Right, that was a joke.
HANNITY: Did he actually have one?
COULTER: Versus, you know, MoveOn.com [sic] with their putting their protest signs together. How much has George Soros given? How much has Sean Penn given?
- Posted In
- Environment & Science
- Stories/Interests
- Hurricane Katrina
Instructions for signing up and claiming your comment history are located here.
Updated rules for commenting are here.


text:
When your mom is model/actress Jerry Hall and your dad is Mick Jagger, you're born cool. Yes, Georgia May Jagger may be rock royalty, but she and her mom do girl talk and trade beauty secrets just like you and yours! With Mother's Day on the brain, we sat down with Jerry and Sunglass Hut brand ambassador Georgia May to talk about all things mother-daughter.
Cosmo: What are the best beauty tips you've learned from your mom?
Georgia May Jagger: "She always says to not get sunburned, drink lots of water, sleep lots, wear red lipstick because it will always be classic, and smile and be happy because you look beautiful when you're happy."
Cosmo: What's the best style advice you've received from her?
GMJ: "That black oversized sunglasses can glam up any outfit."
Cosmo: How was your mom influenced your style?
GMJ: "My mum taught me a lot about fashion in terms of knowing what looks good on you and developing my own sense of style. Even when we were shooting the Sunglass Hut campaign, we went through racks of clothing together and ultimately I decided on a short more fitted peplum dress, while mum opted for a sexy blazer and black leggings."
Cosmo: Have you learned any beauty tips from Georgia—especially since she's become the face of Rimmel?
Jerry Hall: "She has me drinking all of these juices to stay healthy [inside and out]. Today we had a blend of spinach, apple, aloe vera, carrots—and she's also introduced me to the new Rimmel red lipstick—it's my favorite!"
Cosmo: What's the one beauty product or tool both of you can't leave the house without using?
JH: "An eyebrow brush."
GMJ: "My eyelash curler."
Cosmo: Describe each other's beauty look in one word.
GMJ: "Mum's glamorous."
JH: "Georgia is beautiful."
Cosmo: What are your most favorite fashion moments?
JH: "I actually loved what I wore on the Sunglass Hut job, and it was special to me because I got to model with Georgia."
GMJ: "Mine was the first time I went to a movie premiere, King Kong. I was only 13 and got to wear a Vivienne Westwood dress and it was amazing."
Cosmo: What won't you get rid of in your closets?
JH: "I've got some of my mom's pencil skirts that I absolutely won't get rid of."
GMJ: "I have a hard time getting rid of things, but I'd probably have to say my collection of t-shirts [that I've acquired].
JH: "She's also got a lot of my old Thierry Mugler clothes, too, that aren't going anywhere."
Cosmo: Do you borrow clothes/accessories from your mom a lot?
GMJ: "We borrow stuff from each other all of the time. While I raid her closet for vintage pieces from the '70s, she's always stealing my sunglasses."
Cosmo: Jerry, since Georgia is following in your footsteps when it comes to modeling, what have you taught her about the business?
JH: "To be on time and be nice to everybody."
GMJ: "I would say in addition to that, to do many things that you love because in modeling, not everyone's career lasts as long as mum's."
JH: "Exactly. Georgia is also a photographer."
Cosmo: What's the best life advice you'd give one another?
GMJ: "It's hard for me to give her advice because she gives me all of the advice."
JH: "Awwww. I think to do a job that you love because it won't be like you're going to work. You'll always have fun."
Cosmo: Since we're here with Sunglass Hut at the unveiling of your joint Mother's Day campaign, what are each of your go-to shades of choice?
JH: "Aviators and cat-eye shades are my favorite, but I like big frames, too."
GMJ: "Round, cat-eye frames, wayfarers, and aviators are my go-tos."
Cosmo: So...what are you getting your mom for Mother's Day?
GMJ: "When we were in Los Angeles shooting the Sunglass Hut Mother's Day campaign, she loved the black cat eye sunglasses by Vogue Eyewear. I will definitely be getting her those."
Stumped on what to get your mom this Sunday for Mother's Day? Take a cue from Georgia May and pick her up a pair of shades. Find out what sunnies will suit your mom's face shape here!
Photo: Matt Irwin courtesy of Sunglass Hut


text:
Go straight to the full list of Flower Names for Girls.
Flower names for girls are one of the trendiest categories of baby names today.
First came Lily, one of the trendiest girls' names of the nineties. Then Daisy began showing up on the chicest babies. Rose became the middle name du jour. And flower names for girls, last a craze a hundred years ago, became the most fashionable group around.
Nameberry includes a wide range of flower names for girls, from garden variety to hothouse blooms. Here, a rundown of the choicest:
Daisy — Charming and simple, Daisy started off as a nickname for Margaret, now more popular than the original.
Iris — Former dowdy old lady name revived when Jude Law and Sadie Frost chose it for their daughter.
Jasmine — The most exotic of the popular flower names, with many spelling variations: Jazmin, Jazzmyn et al. Related: Yasmine and cousins, along with the lovely British favorite Jessamine or Jessamyn, actually French for jasmine.
Lily — Also stylish as Liliana, Lilia, and in France, Lilou.
Rose — The middle name of the moment, with many variations — from Rosa to Rosalia to Rosemary — that would make lovely first names.
Violet — The adorable daughter of celebrities Jennifer Garner and Ben Affleck has brought this lush flower choice before the public eye. In France, Violette is chic, while in Italian it's Violetta.
The British are famous gardeners and have long been more hospitable to flower names than Americans. Here, some heard most often in the British Isles.
Bryony — Name of a vine with green flowers, also spelled Briony, popular in England and rarely heard elsewhere.
Flora — Vintage name with considerable charm.
Ivy — Taking off in a big way in the U.S. thanks to its use as a middle name for baby Blue, daughter of Beyonce and Jay-Z.
Marigold — Posh British choice rarely heard elsewhere.
Petunia — Outside of the U.K., heard only in cow fields.
Pansy — Adorable yet the teasing possibilities render this one an unlikely choice.
Poppy — Popular in Britain and beginning to be heard elsewhere too; a perfect companion for Daisy.
Primrose — Prim and dainty yet offbeat, the quintessential British name.
Amaryllis — The flower may be similar to a lily, but the name is considerably more offbeat.
Aster — The little girl on TV's "Dexter" has this name, which could become more popular with the rise of the whole flower genre.
Azalea — The z will definitely keep it exotic.
Calla — Another lily relative, also similar to the trendy Callie/Kaylee family of names.
Dahlia — This one seems to be percolating and we expect to hear more.
Lilac — The two l's, the similarity to Lily, and the beautiful color and scent of the original flower make this choice a winner.
Lotus — Only for the seriously exotic.
Orchid — Another hothouse bloom not for the shy.
Tulip — Rebecca Romijn and Jerry O'Connell used this as a middle name for one of their twins, and singer Tiny Tim picked it as a first several decades ago. An everyday flower that makes a less-than-ordinary name.
Zinnia — Any z name is off the beaten track.
Azami — Japanese for "thistle flower."
Fleur — International words for "flower," which also include Flor and Fiorello/Fiorella, make inventive flower choices.
Gelsey — Persian for "flower," a balletic choice.
Iolanthe — Greek for "violet flower" — for those who want to make Violet a lot more exotic.
Jacinta — Spanish for hyacinth and more suited to use as a name.
Leilani — Hawaiian name that means 'heavenly flower" and also has stylish double L sound.
Linnea — Swedish botanist Carl Linneaus named this small white flower, also called the twin flower, after himself.
Marguerite — The French for daisy is newly chic there, as is Capucine, which means nasturtium in France.
Zahara — A Hebrew name meaning flower popularized when Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt chose it for their daughter.
Love this gorgeous flower headband? Buy it here, on Etsy.


text:
et an Estimate.
What Great Branding Will Do for Your Spa or Salon
Julie Miller
17 Jan, 2016
After graduating from Northern Michigan University I began my career as a graphic designer full time at a marketing/printing company. After ten years I decided to open my own business, Julie's Graphic Design. Here I design for my niche and help other entrepreneurs build their brand and promote their services.
My husband and I have a young daughter and together we enjoy camping, hiking, and painting in our home place Michigan.
More great reads...
My Top 4 Things to Consider When Email Marketing
Email is still the number one tool for business communication that is used on a daily basis — and it works. So, if you don't have an email newsletter yet, it's time to get started. To help you out here is a list of my top 4 things I consider when working on an email marketing piece. Subject line: Focus on the benefit. Why should your reader care? Don't make them guess. Keep it action-oriented. Start with an action word like "save," "get," "watch," or "join." Keep subject lines short.
Successfully Promote Your Spa's Events, Services and Products
Successfully promote your spa and increase your sales and public awareness. A well-executed advertising campaign is a blend of excellent marketing, graphic design and copy writing. If done successfully, it will build a favorable image of your spa's brand to the public. Here are a few elements of an effective promotional piece used to inform and attract the public of your special events, services or products. It Grabs Your Attention It catches the eye or ear and stands out from the clutter of
Must Know Tips for Your Spa's eNewsletter
Your Spa's eNewsletter should have one common topic that holds it together. Instead of communicating about your spa in general, try keeping each newsletter dedicated to one specific category. After all, we don't want to overwhelm the viewers with content overload by going in ten different directions. Here are some tips when sharing information in your email. Share educational information. A good balance for your enewsletter content is 90% educational and 10% promotional. It's great to talk
Are you branding your spa effectively?
Branding is something not to take lightly. It's your spa's face to the outside world. It's crucial your brand accurately represents your spa and you're correctly displaying your brand. Here are a few things to consider when branding. Consistency. When a potential client looks at your website and then visits your spa in person they should immediately know they are at the right place. The color you use in your building decor should match your website, which should match your Facebook cover image.


text:
Product 13/14
The metal wind spinner is constructed of 18 gauge metal (Very Strong and Durable!!) and is painted with a powder coat Baked on Paint paint finish. The paint finish is a high gloss paint, and will look totally different depending on the su
For more information, please visit this product's webpage.


text:
Looks like you're visiting us from !
Want your goodies delivered to ? Shop our Australian site.Start Shopping
Sending goodies to UK or Europe?
Sending goodies to the Rest of the world?
We use cookies to make this website better and give you the best experience possible when shopping with us. Continue browsing if you're ok to receive cookies in accordance with our privacy and cookies policy.
Off somewhere else? We can email your shopping bag to you, so you can shop these goodies later!


text:
2016 Illinois Solar Tour West
Oak Park | Website
This event occurred in the past.
Map | Find Parking
Visit over 130 homes and businesses throughout Illinois, who are enjoying the benefits of being powered by the sun. Learn how affordable and practical solar energy is in your neighborhood! Visit www.illinoissolartour.org to find Solar Tour sites near you.


text:
WJCC 2011: Women's Medal Games
Perth, Scotland
March 13, 2011
Scotland's Eve Muirhead claimed a record fourth world junior title when she led her team of Anna Sloan, Vicky Adams and Rhiann Macleod to a 10-3 victory over Canada's Trish Paulsen, Kari Kennedy, Kari Paulsen and Natalie Yanko in Sunday's women's final of the World Junior Curling Championships 2011 in Perth, Scotland.
Muirhead's team attacked from the start, scoring a two in the first end which could have been three if Muirhead's final stone had not rolled out of the house.
The teams swapped single points in the next two ends and, in the fourth, when she faced four Scottish counters, Paulsen was light with her draw and gave up a steal of three to go 1-6 down.
After this, Canada had a mountain to climb, and the result was put beyond any lingering doubt when Scotland stole a further two points in the seventh when Paulsen's final draw sailed on past two Scottish counters, for a 10-2 lead to Scotland.
Canada scored one in the eighth end, and then conceded.
After the game, Muirhead said, "that was a great game for us, we all played well and made no mistakes out there and gave them no chance. That's what happens when you do that, you can put the pressure on".
She added, "we knew we had to come out strong, Canada are a great team. We knew we had to do that to get the win. We gave them nothing and that's the way we wanted to play. We didn't miss anything, we placed the stones exactly where we wanted them".
About her fourth title, she said, "to win it four times feels pretty good, each time feels just as good as every other time, but this is special. I'm finished with juniors now, but I don't think I could have achieved any more in my junior career than to win the world title four times".
A tearful Paulsen said, "We just didn't play our greatest game, Scotland came out and played very well. I missed a few key shots and it just didn't go our way. But I've felt proud of every game we won".
Russia's Anna Sidorova and her team of Galina Arsenkina, Viktoria Moiseeva and Ekaterina Antonova beat Sweden's defending champions Sofia Mabergs, Anna Huhta and sisters Jonna and Sara McManus, by 9-3 to claim bronze.
Sidorova said, "this is good but we can still do better, and I hope next year we will show that we can. That was a bit better than the semi-final. It's good to win bronze because it's my first medal, but next year I'll do better, I hope".
The World Junior Curling Championships 2012 will take place in Östersund, Sweden from 3-11 March. Scotland, Canada, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Norway and the Czech Republic have all qualified for next year's event. USA, Japan and France face challenges and regional qualification events to make it to Sweden.
Junior Women's Final Ranking
1. Scotland 9-2 GOLD
2. Canada 8-5 SILVER
3. Russia 8-4 BRONZE
4. Sweden 6-6
6. Switzerland 5-5
7. Norway 4-5
8. Japan 3-6
9. Czech Republic 3-6
10. France 1-8
Women, Final / Gold: Scotland 10, Canada 3.
Women, Bronze: Russia 9, Sweden 3.
Women's Final: Scotland v Canada


text:
Austin natives gave NativX the inside scoop on what to do this weekend. These events are seriously awesome!
Subscribe and we will send the Native Pass directly to your inbox. Every Single Week.
Know About Events Earlier
Get More Info Like Pictures, Tickets, and Times
Friday 2/2
Get the Austin Native Pass events sent directly to you every week!
Saturday 2/3
Sunday 2/4
Plan Ahead
Like The Native Pass? Download NativX to get suggestions based on your personality!


text:
I've decided to put my deer hunting stuff up for sale. I lost our hunting spot behind the house a few years back and haven't been out since. To be honest by the time October rolls around I'm busy enough gearing up for waterfowl season that deer hunting is the last thing on my mind.
I've got a 2012 PSE Stinger that I got new from Presleys with a Trophy Ridge oversized sight. Comes with quiver, couple of arrows, quick release, hard case, soft case and whatever else is still in my deer hunting bag. $200 OBO
I also got a Feild and Stream climber. - $50 OBO
Would trade for goose decoys, maybe duck decoys depending on what ya got. PM me if interested.


text:
The Immune Power Personality: 7 Traits You Can Develop to Stay Healthy
"Before long, medical researchers may discover that the human brain has a natural drive to sustain the life process and to potentiate the entire body in the fight against pain and disease. When that knowledge is developed, the art and practice of medicine will ascend to a new and higher plateau."
-- Norman Cousins
The 1990's have seen the dawning of a new model for promoting health and preventing disease. This model accepts that genes, environmental pollutants, disease agents, and diet are all factors in the genesis of illness. But it also accepts the role of the mind, both in illness and in health. As the mind-body field blossoms, we are learning that psychological factors influence the immune system, the body's network of defense and healing. Thus, the mind can contribute to our risk and our recovery from almost any disease.
Discoveries by today's mind-body scientists are compelling us to replace outmoded ideas about stress and health. Stress has been a buzzword since the 1960's, when our culture began disseminating the notion that external pressures and upsetting events are key psychological factors in illness. Recent investigations have altered that view. They reveal that stress is an inevitable and sometimes even positive force in our lives. The pivotal psychological factor in illness is not stress, but rather how we cope with stress. And how we cope depends, in large part, on our personalities.
A small band of scientists on the cutting edge of mind-body research has identified personality traits that enable us to cope effectively with the emotional wear and tear of daily existence. These traits represent facets of our psychological makeup that protect us from internal distress caused by external stress. By buffering us from the harmful effects of stress, healthy traits keep us strong in mind and body. Over the past ten years, I have written exclusively about the burgeoning fields of mind-body science and medicine. In the course of my investigations, I have identified a group of seven researchers, each of whom has uncovered a particular personality trait associated with psychological and physical well-being. Since each trait has been directly or indirectly linked to a vigorous immune system, I call them Immune Power traits. This book is about Immune Power traits, the research that has uncovered them, and the strategies each one of us can employ to become an Immune Power Personality. These strategies offer new hope that our own psychological resources can be activated to prevent and to heal diseases affecting every organ and system of the body.
What is an Immune Power Personality? The research I have explored suggests an individual who is able to find joy and meaning, even health, when life offers up its most difficult challenges. The Immune Power Personality handles stressful events not with denial, but with acceptance, flexibility, and a willingness to learn and grow. These characteristics prevent the Immune Power Personality from breaking down emotionally and physically in the midst of life crises. Psychologists have long documented the role of healthy traits in maintaining a healthy state of mind. Now mind-body scientists are demonstrating the role of healthy traits in maintaining a healthy state of body.
In each chapter of The Immune Power Personality, I follow the searches of one investigator who has defined and studied one Immune Power trait. Here are the traits and the researchers who identified them:
1. The ACE Factor: Attention, Connection, Expression: University of Arizona psychologist Gary E. Schwartz, Ph.D. has shown that people who are tuned to mind- body signals of discomfort, pain, fatigue, distress, sadness, anger, and pleasure cope better psychologically, have a better immune profile, and a healthier cardiovascular system.
2. The Capacity to Confide: James W. Pennebaker, Ph.D., a psychologist at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas, has demonstrated that individuals who confide their secrets, traumas, and feelings to themselves and others, have livelier immune responses, healthier psychological profiles, and far fewer incidences of illness.
3. Hardiness: Commitment, Control, and Challenge: Suzanne Ouellette, Ph.D. a psychologist at the City University of New York, originated the concept of personality hardiness. Hardiness includes the "three C's": A sense of control over one's quality-of- life, health, and social conditions; a strong commitment to one's work, creative activities, or relationships; and a view of stress as a challenge rather than a threat. People who exhibit the three C's suffer far fewer chronic illnesses and symptoms that those who don't. Other investigators have found that hardy individuals have stronger immune systems.
4. Assertiveness: George F. Solomon, M.D., an early pioneer of psychoneuroimmunology, conducted the earliest studies on personality and immunity. He has shown that people who assert their needs and feelings have stronger, more balanced immune responses. They more readily resist and overcome a range of diseases associated with dysfunctional immunity--from rheumatoid arthritis to AIDS. Solomon has found immune-power connections to other traits as well, including the ability to find meaning in stressful life circumstances.
5. Affiliative Trust: The Motive of Unconditional Love: A world-renowed motivational psychologist, David McClelland, Ph.D. of Boston University, has discovered that individuals who are strongly motivated to form relationships with others based on unconditional love--rather than frustrated power--have more vigorous immune systems and reduced incidence of illness.
6. Healthy Helping: While heading the Institute for the Advancement of Health, investigator Alan Luks conducted a large survey showing that people committed to helping others get a "helper's high" that is not only mental and spiritual, it is physical as well. These individuals, displaying the personality trait of altruism, suffer fewer illnesses than others who are not similarly motivated or engaged. Luks has become a one-man clearinghouse for the research of scientists and psychologists who have verified findings from his own survey.
7. Self-Complexity: The Healthy Hydra: Patricia Linville, a psychologist at Duke University, has demonstrated that people who explore many facets of their personalities- -called "self-aspects"--can better withstand stressful life circumstances. In her research, people with many "self-aspects" were less prone to stress, depression, physical symptoms, and bouts of flu and other illnesses in the wake of stressful life events. They also had higher self-esteem. Linville found that individuals high in "self-complexity" have strenghts to fall back on when one part of themselves is lost or wounded.
I have interviewed these investigators, studied their data, and spoken with many of their patients. In each case, there is a story to tell. They are stories of scientists on a path of discovery who overcame the biases of both traditional and alternative medical communities. They are also stories of new and penetrating visions of human functioning, and advances in the mind-body field that will change the face of medicine. Other scientists have investigated health-promoting personality traits, but these seven have emerged with the most sophisticated theories, substantial research findings, and practical approaches for self-development. With one exception, they are psychologists or psychiatrists who have conducted original studies published in leading scientific journals. (The only exception is Alan Luks, a non-scientist whose vision propelled him to conduct a large survey on the role of helping and altruism in health. Luks has collected hard data from other scientists confirming conclusions of his survey-- that people motivated by altruism experience better health.) Despite the fact that their findings have challenged the conventional wisdom of established medicine, the rigour of their scientific methods has been recognized. Indeed, many are viewed as pioneers in their respective fields.
Interestingly, the researchers themselves exhibited Immune Power traits, often the very ones they studied. They had to be assertive to survive professionally in an academic community that is skeptical about psychological factors in health. Their sense of commitment, control, and challenge in confronting academic and scientific roadblocks was unerring. They designed and advocated methods that empower people to benefit from their discoveries. Every one of them had a flinty sense of humor.
Why isn't stress reduction enough? Why do Immune Power traits represent a leap forward in mind-body medicine? The current--but increasingly outdated--model of mind and body teaches us that stress is bad, plain and simple. The public continues to be fed this old dogma in trivialized form: "Avoid stress in your life, stay positive, and you'll remain healthy." At times, it seems as though prescriptions for mind-body health can be reduced to Bobby McFerrin's made famous lyric: "Don't worry, be happy!"
The mind-body researchers whose work forms the heart of this book have abandoned this overly simple model. From both a scientific and practical perspective, they have concluded that mere stress reduction and having a "positive attitude" are insufficient guides to mind-body wellness. One of these scientists, Suzanne Ouellette, who originated of the concept of hardiness, scoured the literature on stress and turned up this finding: If you were to predict illness from a knowledge of stressful life events, you would only be right less than 15 percent of the time. Her work, and the work of the other scientists, demonstrates that how we respond to stress--emotionally, cognitively, and behaviorally--is critical in determining whether stress will make us sick.
For instance, during hard economic times, it's unrealistic to think that we can remain hermetically sealed off from the uncertainties, the job insecurity, or the financial difficulties that have become part of our lives. Moreover, we weren't built to avoid stress. Could our prehistoric ancestors, whose survival depended on dangerous hunting forays into the wilderness, have stayed cloistered in their caves in the name of stress management? Certainly not. In the modern era we cannot sidestep the stress that accompanies our pursuit of financial stability and creative enrichment in our work; our quest for more gratifying relationships; and our search for meaning as we confront everyday problems and inevitable losses. Consider the Chinese symbol for "crisis," which combines two words: danger and opportunity. When confronted with personal upheaval, we face the danger of regression or collapse, but we are also presented with opportunities for growth. Immune Power trait research is defining forms of personal growth that promote mind-body health.
Henry Dreher is a health and medical writer specializing in complementary and mind-body medicine. He is the author of Your Defense Against Cancer and The Immune Power Personality, and coauthor of The Type C Connection: The Mind-Body Link to Cancer and Your Health; and Healing Mind, Healthy Woman. Mr. Dreher is a regular contributor to Advances: The Journal of Mind-Body Health, Natural Health, and numerous other periodicals.
From THE IMMUNE POWER PERSONALITY by Henry Dreher. Copyright @ Henry Dreher, 1995. Reprinted by arrangement with Dutton Signet, a division of Penguin Books USA, Inc.
To order the book please call 1-800-253-6476.


text:
Cameroon legend Rigobert Song has confirmed his retirement from international football.
Song is Cameroon's most capped player and the emblematic former captain made 137 appearances for the Indomitable Lions since making his debut in 1993.
He has appeared in four World Cups and eight African Nations Cup tournaments - including a record five as captain - but at the age of 34 has decided to hand over the mantle to younger players.
"Men pass, the country remains," Song said at a specially-convened press conference.
"You have to quit things when you have to.
"I leave this team with pride and I think I have accomplished a duty."
Song had seen his influence dwindle in the Cameroon team and made only one appearance at the World Cup in South Africa, coming on as a substitute in their final match.
The former Metz, Liverpool, West Ham and Lens defender is the youngest player to have been sent off at the World Cup - accomplishing the feat aged 17 in 1994 - and, alongside Zinedine Zidane, is the only player to have been sent off in two World Cups.
Song currently plies his trade in Turkey after joining Galatasaray in 2004 and Trabzonspor four years later.
Copyright (c) PA Sport 2009, All Rights Reserved.


text:
Description:IBM Intel Xeon E7-8870(2.40GHz/10-core/30MB/130W)Full Processor Option Kit w/VRM and HeatsinkPart Number(s)IBM Part# 69Y1899
HP Processor Kits:
Manufacturer Part# 69Y1899
This is the full processor option kit. It includes the
Processor(s), Heat-Sink(s), Fan(s), Thermal paste
Overview:The Intel Xeon processor, E7 family based server has improved scalability and increased memory and I/O capacity for your most demanding workloads. These processors have advanced reliability and security features to maintain data integrity, accelerate encrypted transactions, and maximize the availability of mission-critical applications.
The Intel Xeon processor is the solution for specific communication applications that require the highest levels of processing performance - such as web-serving, storage (NAS, SAN), search engines, telecommunications servers, network management, security, voice, and load balancing.


text:
Pupp Golf Cup becomes slowly a tradition. The fifth tournament took place on the golf course of Golf Resort Karlovy Vary Olsova Vrata on a sunny Saturday, September 18, 2010. The proceeds from entry fees in the amount of 40.000 CZK were transferred to the account of project Pink Ribbon Golf, which in the Czech Republic supports the Alliance of women with breast cancer. It is an important expression of solidarity golf players with the patients with breast cancer.
The golf tournament started at 10 am and the golfers battled in three categories: HCP 0-18, HCP 18,1-36 and HCP 36,1-54 and also in competition Hole in One, Longest Drive and Nearest to the Pin until late afternoon. During the tournament, golfers enjoyed an excellent gastronomic delights within the project GASTRO TOUR / Czech Specials. They tasted the specialties of the West Bohemian spa region - chocolate soup of Goethe´s mum or roasted chicken with apple, mild juniper sauce and baked potatoes.
The programme for non-golfers was divided into two parts. In the morning they were in the Grandhotel Pupp and enjoyed spa treatments at Pupp Royal Spa. The golf academy with a coach and finally putting competition were prepared for non-golfers in the afternoon. Throughout the tournament everybody could relax in the Golf Club by Thai massage or in a whirlpool or steam bath in the Pupp Relax Centre.
General Manager of the Grandhotel Pupp Ms. Andrea Pfeffer-Ferklova and speaker Petr Cimpera took charge of award ceremony. Mr. Oldrich Orel won in the putting competition for non-golfers. However nobody could enjoy the trophy for Hole in One which was a luxury car BMW 3 Series Touring in 320xDrive. Mr. Josef Heyduk jr. won the prize for Longest Drive Men and Ms. Eva Stumpfova for Longest Drive Women. Ms. Ruzena Polanska won the competition Nearest to the Pin. Mr. Filip Kohl became a jumper of this year's golf tournament and improved his handicap 54 to handicap 37. Winners in the HCP category 36,1-54: 3. Ms. Jana Abdallova, 2. Victor Nicolas and 1. Filip Kohl; in the category 18,1-36: 3. Ms. Zdenka Vankova, 2. Mr. Norbert Fitze and the winner was Josef Hegenbart; in the category 0-18 Mr. Jindrich Maly ranked 3rd place, 2. Mr. David Grund and Mr. Ludek Vanek was an absolute winner of this category. Partners of the Pupp Golf Cup 2010 - Hotel Monti Spa Frantiskovy Lazne, Golf Resort Karlovy Vary, a. s., UniCredit Bank, Tawan - Thai Massage Centre, BMW DyCom Group Karlovy Vary, Moët & Chandon, Pink Ribbon Golf, Pfanner, Franck Provost and Statuss magazine.


text:
Max and Jake Caliger were in for a treat at the Newport Beach Film Festival opening Thursday.
The Newport Beach residents, who are 12 and 13 years old, respectively, arrived early at the Edwards Big Newport 6 to see their favorite band, Green Day.
As it turned out, they got what they wanted — and then some. The Caligers positioned themselves at the end of the red carpet where the night's stars were arriving, and as Billie Joe Armstrong, Tré Cool and Mike Dirnt passed by, they stopped for a photo with the brothers.
"We're so excited — I was, like, crying when I saw them," said Max, who had the unique pleasure of seeing Armstrong laughing and pretending to choke him.
Clad in T-shirts with the band members' faces printed on them, the brothers carried a guitar and even their favorite Green Day album to express their love of the Grammy-winning punk-rock band. The boys' mother, Angela, added that her sons had been hardcore fans for years and were part of the mosh pit at the band's April 18 concert in Los Angeles.
"They have so much stage presence, put on a great show and write awesome music," Jake said.
The Caligers were particularly lucky in retrospect. While they scored a photo and personal interaction, the band, which was greeted with loud cheers (from mostly female admirers), left a moment later and refrained from giving media interviews.
The eight-day film festival, one of the most prominent in the region, debuted with the West Coast premiere of "Broadway Idiot" — a documentary woven around Green Day and its Broadway precursor "American Idiot." Before last night's show, the 80-minute film had been screened only at the South by Southwest Conferences & Festivals in Austin, Texas, in March.
This year, reviewers and programmers sifted through 2,700 films and handpicked the best 380. Over the next week, a music video program and action sports series will be rolled out, as will showcases of films from around the globe.
Filipino actor Jericho Rosales and filmmaker Ian Loreños took a 13-hour flight to be part of the festivities and celebrate the upcoming premiere of "Breakaway (Alagwa)," which centers on human trafficking in the Philippines. It's scheduled to play Sunday.
"I'm just really honored to be here," Rosales said of his second time at the festival. "I don't know what to say — I'm just very excited for our film to be seen by many other directors, actors and, of course, the locals here."
Usually seen in romantic movies, the Manila-based star revealed that he was drawn to his latest project since it was "dark" and gritty and contained an element of advocacy. The team filmed for 11 days, he said, which made for long days and hard work.
"Normally when I receive scripts, it's the opening that gets me, but with this one, after reading 10 pages of it, I immediately said, 'Yes,'" he said about "Breakaway," for which he is listed as co-producer. "It was so real and true, and as an actor it challenged me."
Big Newport attracted a large turnout more than an hour before the lights were dimmed for the film. Newport Beach's first couple, Mayor Keith Curry and his wife, Pamela, were part of the early arrivals and revealed that they have created a schedule and plan to be at an event every day of the festival.
"This festival brings people from all over the world into Newport Beach to enjoy our community and all that we have to offer, but also to see some wonderful films," the mayor said.
Some filmmakers, who are counting down to their own screenings, were motivated to be part of the festival kick-off because it afforded an opportunity to network.
Eagerly anticipating the audience's reaction to his submission, "Wiener Dog Nationals," director Kevan Peterson was looking forward to potential conversations with fellow directors.
Meanwhile, Austin Anderson, one of the actors in the film, said, "I'm just looking forward to seeing what people think of the movie, to be honest. I saw it once and was impressed."
Viewers must be impressed, too, since both screenings of the film are sold out — the first one in under five hours, a festival record.
Others, like longtime Disney lyricist Richard Sherman, of "Mary Poppins," "Jungle Book," "It's a Small World (After All)" and "Winnie the Pooh" fame, traveled from Chicago to have some fun.
"I'm going to enjoy myself watching new films and talent, and I'm looking forward to being surprised and happily gratified," he said.
Michael Gladis, popular for his role of Paul Kinsey on the TV series "Mad Men," echoed the sentiment.
"I'm looking forward to seeing the show and the after-party tonight," he said with a chuckle. "That'll be fun."
At the festival for the first time, Gladis will be at Via Lido Plaza on Friday in support of his latest venture, "In Security," which also stars Ethan Embry, Ving Rhames and Adam and Alan Arkin.
"It was the most fun movie I've shot in my life," he said. "We just laughed and laughed and laughed."
Gretchen Rossi, one of the "Real Housewives of Orange County," who was flanked by her new fiance, Slade Smiley, attended to show her support of the arts. Lydia and Doug McLaughlin, newcomers to the reality show, the first of the now-vast "Housewives" franchise, also made an appearance.
A soiree was scheduled after the screening with a performance by Taylor Hicks in the Fashion Island courtyard.
"I was requested to come over and perform, and I knew that this film festival had grown legs in the last few years, and I jumped at the chance to perform at the after party and, obviously, see the film," Hicks said.
According to the singer, winning the fifth season of "American Idol" — which he called the "only game in town" — was a blessing and came with opportunities like his debut at the Newport Beach Film Festival.
When asked about his set list, he joked, "I guess how many songs [I perform] depends on how many glasses of wine I have."


text:
Degree Audit Reporting System (DARS)
Running and Viewing Your Degree Audit on the Web
- Click on 'MyFAU Login'
- Type your FAUNet ID and Password, click Login.
For enhanced security, you will be required to enter a security question and change your Password the first time that you use MyFAU.
- Choose FAU Self-Service from the left-hand column.
- Choose Student Services, then Student Records, then View Degree Audit (DARS).
To watch a presentation on how to use DARS play the video below:
Note: You have to submit an audit before you can view it. Click on Submit an Audit to request a degree audit for your current major, then Run Audit on the next screen. Finally, click View Audits to see the list of audits you ran.
Audits are listed in the order in which you requested them, with the most recent one on top. If you don't see the one you just processed, click Refresh the List. It can take a few moments for an audit to process. Click on most recent audit under the View Link column to access your degree audit.
If you have more than one major, a separate audit will be processed for each major. However, if the majors are under different degree types, i.e., a B.A. in one and a B.S. in the other, only your primary major will produce an audit. The other major must be run as a "What-If" audit (see below).


text:
Zac Brown Band Joined by Gregg Allman for 2011 CMA Awards Performance
Zac Brown Band were joined on the 2011 CMA Awards by the legendary Gregg Allman on keyboards for a rendition of 'Georgia on My Mind.'
The emotional performance by the Georgia natives resulted in a standing ovation by the all-star crowd.
The Zac Brown Band are nominated for a host of honors at the 2011 CMA Awards, including Vocal Event of the Year for 'As She's Walking Away' (which features Alan Jackson),Vocal Group of the Year, Album of the Year for 'You Get What You Give' and Single of the Year for 'Colder Weather.'
Allman, a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and one of the "100 Greatest Singers of All Time" as honored by Rolling Stone, has struggled with a host of health issues in recent years. Although he's been sober since the '90s, his addiction to a variety of substances severely impacted his health. He had a liver transplant in 2010.
The founding member of the Allman Brothers Band still tours with the band and as a solo performer.


text:
- Reviews
- Ingredients
- Usage Faqs
Usage & FaqsDilute ¼ cup of this concentrated cleaner with 1 gallon warm water. Then you're ready to tackle dirty floors, cupboards, countertops, sealed stone & granite.COMMON QUESTIONSQ. Can I use your Multi-Surface Concentrate on my hardwood floors?A. Our Multi-Surface Concentrate is safe for use on hardwood floors, provided that your hardwood floors have been sealed and the product is diluted per the instructions on the bottle. We would not recommend using this product on unsealed wood flooring or unsealed natural stone.Q. Since the product is called Multi-Surface Concentrate can I use this product to wash my clothes, carpeting, dishes, or pets?A. Our Multi-Surface Concentrate is formulated for cleaning sealed, hard surfaces only. We do not recommend using this product on fabric, or for washing one's skin or pets.Q. Is your Multi-Surface Concentrate pH neutral?A. No. Our Multi-Surface Concentrate has an alkaline pH of between 9.0 and 9.5, but when diluted as per the directions, the solution is essentially neutral for cleaning.


text:
Telecommunication, science and practice of transmitting information by electromagnetic means. Modern telecommunication centres on the problems involved in transmitting large volumes of information over long distances without damaging loss due to noise and interference. The basic components of a modern digital telecommunications system must be capable of transmitting voice, data, radio, and television signals. Digital transmission is employed in order to achieve high reliability and because the cost of digital switching systems is much lower than the cost of analog systems. In order to use digital transmission, however, the analog signals that make up most voice, radio, and television communication must be subjected to a process of analog-to-digital conversion. (In data transmission this step is bypassed because the signals are already in digital form; most television, radio, and voice communication, however, use the analog system and must be digitized.) In many cases, the digitized signal is passed through a source encoder, which employs a number of formulas to reduce redundant binary information. After source encoding, the digitized signal is processed in a channel encoder, which introduces redundant information that allows errors to be detected and corrected. The encoded signal is made suitable for transmission by modulation onto a carrier wave and may be made part of a larger signal in a process known as multiplexing. The multiplexed signal is then sent into a multiple-access transmission channel. After transmission, the above process is reversed at the receiving end, and the information is extracted.
This article describes the components of a digital telecommunications system as outlined above. For details on specific applications that utilize telecommunications systems, see the articles telephone, telegraph, fax, radio, and television. Transmission over electric wire, radio wave, and optical fibre is discussed in telecommunications media. For an overview of the types of networks used in information transmission, see telecommunications network.
Analog-to-digital conversion
In transmission of speech, audio, or video information, the object is high fidelity—that is, the best possible reproduction of the original message without the degradations imposed by signal distortion and noise. The basis of relatively noise-free and distortion-free telecommunication is the binary signal. The simplest possible signal of any kind that can be employed to transmit messages, the binary signal consists of only two possible values. These values are represented by the binary digits, or bits, 1 and 0. Unless the noise and distortion picked up during transmission are great enough to change the binary signal from one value to another, the correct value can be determined by the receiver so that perfect reception can occur.
If the information to be transmitted is already in binary form (as in data communication), there is no need for the signal to be digitally encoded. But ordinary voice communications taking place by way of a telephone are not in binary form; neither is much of the information gathered for transmission from a space probe, nor are the television or radio signals gathered for transmission through a satellite link. Such signals, which continually vary among a range of values, are said to be analog, and in digital communications systems analog signals must be converted to digital form. The process of making this signal conversion is called analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion.
Analog-to-digital conversion begins with sampling, or measuring the amplitude of the analog waveform at equally spaced discrete instants of time. The fact that samples of a continually varying wave may be used to represent that wave relies on the assumption that the wave is constrained in its rate of variation. Because a communications signal is actually a complex wave—essentially the sum of a number of component sine waves, all of which have their own precise amplitudes and phases—the rate of variation of the complex wave can be measured by the frequencies of oscillation of all its components. The difference between the maximum rate of oscillation (or highest frequency) and the minimum rate of oscillation (or lowest frequency) of the sine waves making up the signal is known as the bandwidth (B) of the signal. Bandwidth thus represents the maximum frequency range occupied by a signal. In the case of a voice signal having a minimum frequency of 300 hertz and a maximum frequency of 3,300 hertz, the bandwidth is 3,000 hertz, or 3 kilohertz. Audio signals generally occupy about 20 kilohertz of bandwidth, and standard video signals occupy approximately 6 million hertz, or 6 megahertz.
The concept of bandwidth is central to all telecommunication. In analog-to-digital conversion, there is a fundamental theorem that the analog signal may be uniquely represented by discrete samples spaced no more than one over twice the bandwidth (1/2B) apart. This theorem is commonly referred to as the sampling theorem, and the sampling interval (1/2B seconds) is referred to as the Nyquist interval (after the Swedish-born American electrical engineer Harry Nyquist). As an example of the Nyquist interval, in past telephone practice the bandwidth, commonly fixed at 3,000 hertz, was sampled at least every 1/6,000 second. In current practice 8,000 samples are taken per second, in order to increase the frequency range and the fidelity of the speech representation.
In order for a sampled signal to be stored or transmitted in digital form, each sampled amplitude must be converted to one of a finite number of possible values, or levels. For ease in conversion to binary form, the number of levels is usually a power of 2—that is, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, and so on, depending on the degree of precision required. In digital transmission of voice, 256 levels are commonly used because tests have shown that this provides adequate fidelity for the average telephone listener.
The input to the quantizer is a sequence of sampled amplitudes for which there are an infinite number of possible values. The output of the quantizer, on the other hand, must be restricted to a finite number of levels. Assigning infinitely variable amplitudes to a limited number of levels inevitably introduces inaccuracy, and inaccuracy results in a corresponding amount of signal distortion. (For this reason quantization is often called a "lossy" system.) The degree of inaccuracy depends on the number of output levels used by the quantizer. More quantization levels increase the accuracy of the representation, but they also increase the storage capacity or transmission speed required. Better performance with the same number of output levels can be achieved by judicious placement of the output levels and the amplitude thresholds needed for assigning those levels. This placement in turn depends on the nature of the waveform that is being quantized. Generally, an optimal quantizer places more levels in amplitude ranges where the signal is more likely to occur and fewer levels where the signal is less likely. This technique is known as nonlinear quantization. Nonlinear quantization can also be accomplished by passing the signal through a compressor circuit, which amplifies the signal's weak components and attenuates its strong components. The compressed signal, now occupying a narrower dynamic range, can be quantized with a uniform, or linear, spacing of thresholds and output levels. In the case of the telephone signal, the compressed signal is uniformly quantized at 256 levels, each level being represented by a sequence of eight bits. At the receiving end, the reconstituted signal is expanded to its original range of amplitudes. This sequence of compression and expansion, known as companding, can yield an effective dynamic range equivalent to 13 bits.
Bit mapping
In the next step in the digitization process, the output of the quantizer is mapped into a binary sequence. An encoding table that might be used to generate the binary sequence is shown below: It is apparent that 8 levels require three binary digits, or bits; 16 levels require four bits; and 256 levels require eight bits. In general 2n levels require n bits.
In the case of 256-level voice quantization, where each level is represented by a sequence of 8 bits, the overall rate of transmission is 8,000 samples per second times 8 bits per sample, or 64,000 bits per second. All 8 bits must be transmitted before the next sample appears. In order to use more levels, more binary samples would have to be squeezed into the allotted time slot between successive signal samples. The circuitry would become more costly, and the bandwidth of the system would become correspondingly greater. Some transmission channels (telephone wires are one example) may not have the bandwidth capability required for the increased number of binary samples and would distort the digital signals. Thus, although the accuracy required determines the number of quantization levels used, the resultant binary sequence must still be transmitted within the bandwidth tolerance allowed.
Source encoding
As is pointed out in analog-to-digital conversion, any available telecommunications medium has a limited capacity for data transmission. This capacity is commonly measured by the parameter called bandwidth. Since the bandwidth of a signal increases with the number of bits to be transmitted each second, an important function of a digital communications system is to represent the digitized signal by as few bits as possible—that is, to reduce redundancy. Redundancy reduction is accomplished by a source encoder, which often operates in conjunction with the analog-to-digital converter.
Huffman codes
In general, fewer bits on the average will be needed if the source encoder takes into account the probabilities at which different quantization levels are likely to occur. A simple example will illustrate this concept. Assume a quantizing scale of only four levels: 1, 2, 3, and 4. Following the usual standard of binary encoding, each of the four levels would be mapped by a two-bit code word. But also assume that level 1 occurs 50 percent of the time, that level 2 occurs 25 percent of the time, and that levels 3 and 4 each occur 12.5 percent of the time. Using variable-bit code words might cause more efficient mapping of these levels to be achieved. The variable-bit encoding rule would use only one bit 50 percent of the time, two bits 25 percent of the time, and three bits 25 percent of the time. On average it would use 1.75 bits per sample rather than the 2 bits per sample used in the standard code.
Thus, for any given set of levels and associated probabilities, there is an optimal encoding rule that minimizes the number of bits needed to represent the source. This encoding rule is known as the Huffman code, after the American D.A. Huffman, who created it in 1952. Even more efficient encoding is possible by grouping sequences of levels together and applying the Huffman code to these sequences.
The Lempel-Ziv algorithm
The design and performance of the Huffman code depends on the designers' knowing the probabilities of different levels and sequences of levels. In many cases, however, it is desirable to have an encoding system that can adapt to the unknown probabilities of a source. A very efficient technique for encoding sources without needing to know their probable occurrence was developed in the 1970s by the Israelis Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv. The Lempel-Ziv algorithm works by constructing a codebook out of sequences encountered previously. For example, the codebook might begin with a set of four 12-bit code words representing four possible signal levels. If two of those levels arrived in sequence, the encoder, rather than transmitting two full code words (of length 24), would transmit the code word for the first level (12 bits) and then an extra two bits to indicate the second level. The encoder would then construct a new code word of 12 bits for the sequence of two levels, so that even fewer bits would be used thereafter to represent that particular combination of levels. The encoder would continue to read quantization levels until another sequence arrived for which there was no code word. In this case the sequence without the last level would be in the codebook, but not the whole sequence of levels. Again, the encoder would transmit the code word for the initial sequence of levels and then an extra two bits for the last level. The process would continue until all 4,096 possible 12-bit combinations had been assigned as code words.
In practice, standard algorithms for compressing binary files use code words of 12 bits and transmit 1 extra bit to indicate a new sequence. Using such a code, the Lempel-Ziv algorithm can compress transmissions of English text by about 55 percent, whereas the Huffman code compresses the transmission by only 43 percent.
Run-length codes
Certain signal sources are known to produce "runs," or long sequences of only 1s or 0s. In these cases it is more efficient to transmit a code for the length of the run rather than all the bits that represent the run itself. One source of long runs is the fax machine. A fax machine works by scanning a document and mapping very small areas of the document into either a black pixel (picture element) or a white pixel. The document is divided into a number of lines (approximately 100 per inch), with 1,728 pixels in each line (at standard resolution). If all black pixels were mapped into 1s and all white pixels into 0s, then the scanned document would be represented by 1,857,600 bits (for a standard American 11-inch page). At older modem transmission speeds of 4,800 bits per second, it would take 6 minutes 27 seconds to send a single page. If, however, the sequence of 0s and 1s were compressed using a run-length code, significant reductions in transmission time would be made.
The code for fax machines is actually a combination of a run-length code and a Huffman code; it can be explained as follows: A run-length code maps run lengths into code words, and the codebook is partitioned into two parts. The first part contains symbols for runs of lengths that are a multiple of 64; the second part is made up of runs from 0 to 63 pixels. Any run length would then be represented as a multiple of 64 plus some remainder. For example, a run of 205 pixels would be sent using the code word for a run of length 192 (3 × 64) plus the code word for a run of length 13. In this way the number of bits needed to represent the run is decreased significantly. In addition, certain runs that are known to have a higher probability of occurrence are encoded into code words of short length, further reducing the number of bits that need to be transmitted. Using this type of encoding, typical compressions for facsimile transmission range between 4 to 1 and 8 to 1. Coupled to higher modem speeds, these compressions reduce the transmission time of a single page to between 48 seconds and 1 minute 37 seconds.
Channel encoding
As described in Source encoding, one purpose of the source encoder is to eliminate redundant binary digits from the digitized signal. The strategy of the channel encoder, on the other hand, is to add redundancy to the transmitted signal—in this case so that errors caused by noise during transmission can be corrected at the receiver. The process of encoding for protection against channel errors is called error-control coding. Error-control codes are used in a variety of applications, including satellite communication, deep-space communication, mobile radio communication, and computer networking.
There are two commonly employed methods for protecting electronically transmitted information from errors. One method is called forward error control (FEC). In this method information bits are protected against errors by the transmitting of extra redundant bits, so that if errors occur during transmission the redundant bits can be used by the decoder to determine where the errors have occurred and how to correct them. The second method of error control is called automatic repeat request (ARQ). In this method redundant bits are added to the transmitted information and are used by the receiver to detect errors. The receiver then signals a request for a repeat transmission. Generally, the number of extra bits needed simply to detect an error, as in the ARQ system, is much smaller than the number of redundant bits needed both to detect and to correct an error, as in the FEC system.
Repetition codes
One simple, but not usually implemented, FEC method is to send each data bit three times. The receiver examines the three transmissions and decides by majority vote whether a 0 or 1 represents a sample of the original signal. In this coded system, called a repetition code of block-length three and rate one-third, three times as many bits per second are used to transmit the same signal as are used by an uncoded system; hence, for a fixed available bandwidth only one-third as many signals can be conveyed with the coded system as compared with the uncoded system. The gain is that now at least two of the three coded bits must be in error before a reception error occurs.
The Hamming code
Another simple example of an FEC code is known as the Hamming code. This code is able to protect a four-bit information signal from a single error on the channel by adding three redundant bits to the signal. Each sequence of seven bits (four information bits plus three redundant bits) is called a code word. The first redundant bit is chosen so that the sum of ones in the first three information bits plus the first redundant bit amounts to an even number. (This calculation is called a parity check, and the redundant bit is called a parity bit.) The second parity bit is chosen so that the sum of the ones in the last three information bits plus the second parity bit is even, and the third parity bit is chosen so that the sum of ones in the first, second, and fourth information bits and the last parity bit is even. This code can correct a single channel error by recomputing the parity checks. A parity check that fails indicates an error in one of the positions checked, and the two subsequent parity checks, by process of elimination, determine the precise location of the error. The Hamming code thus can correct any single error that occurs in any of the seven positions. If a double error occurs, however, the decoder will choose the wrong code word.
Convolutional encoding
The Hamming code is called a block code because information is blocked into bit sequences of finite length to which a number of redundant bits are added. When k information bits are provided to a block encoder, n − k redundancy bits are appended to the information bits to form a transmitted code word of n bits. The entire code word of length n is thus completely determined by one block of k information bits. In another channel-encoding scheme, known as convolutional encoding, the encoder output is not naturally segmented into blocks but is instead an unending stream of bits. In convolutional encoding, memory is incorporated into the encoding process, so that the preceding M blocks of k information bits, together with the current block of k information bits, determine the encoder output. The encoder accomplishes this by shifting among a finite number of "states," or "nodes." There are several variations of convolutional encoding, but the simplest example may be seen in what is known as the (n,1) encoder, in which the current block of k information bits consists of only one bit. At each given state of the (n,1) encoder, when the information bit (a 0 or a 1) is received, the encoder transmits a sequence of n bits assigned to represent that bit when the encoder is at that current state. At the same time, the encoder shifts to one of only two possible successor states, depending on whether the information bit was a 0 or a 1. At this successor state, in turn, the next information bit is represented by a specific sequence of n bits, and the encoder is again shifted to one of two possible successor states. In this way, the sequence of information bits stored in the encoder's memory determines both the state of the encoder and its output, which is modulated and transmitted across the channel. At the receiver, the demodulated bit sequence is compared to the possible bit sequences that can be produced by the encoder. The receiver determines the bit sequence that is most likely to have been transmitted, often by using an efficient decoding algorithm called Viterbi decoding (after its inventor, A.J. Viterbi). In general, the greater the memory (i.e., the more states) used by the encoder, the better the error-correcting performance of the code—but only at the cost of a more complex decoding algorithm. In addition, the larger the number of bits (n) used to transmit information, the better the performance—at the cost of a decreased data rate or larger bandwidth.
Coding and decoding processes similar to those described above are employed in trellis coding, a coding scheme used in high-speed modems. However, instead of the sequence of bits that is produced by a convolutional encoder, a trellis encoder produces a sequence of modulation symbols. At the transmitter, the channel-encoding process is coupled with the modulation process, producing a system known as trellis-coded modulation. At the receiver, decoding and demodulating are performed jointly in order to optimize the performance of the error-correcting algorithm.


text:
Flight might refer to:
- Flight (L&O), the Law & Order season 9 episode.
- Flight (SVU), the Law & Order: Special Victims Unit season 12 episode.
|This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that points to other pages that have the same or a similar name. If you followed a link here, you might want to go back and fix that link to point to the appropriate specific page.


text:
You Take a time to browse by occasion and you will find a range of fashionable outfits along with traditional Indian bridal wear suited for different occasions. Find the perfect outfit for your Mehndi/Sangeet such as churidar suits lehenga,cholli, sharara,gharara or concept sarees that will make you feel like royalty, adorned with lavish embroidery and use of luxury fabrics you deserve in the exhilarating days ahead while you are preparing yourself to embark on the start of your new life.you can choose from our wide collection of Indian bridal,brides,wedding outfits for the wedding ceremony, featuring elegant traditional sarees, lenghas,
We are dedicated to staying at the forefront of the Asian Industry, announcing a new Asian bridal wear collection every season. We are confident, when you buy Indian bridal wear from us, that you will be able to find the bridal outfit for your dream wedding, enjoying the wedding ceremony dressed in the very height of contemporary fashion with our exquisite Indian wedding outfits.
Tags:-lehenga,choli,sharara,gharara,frocks,gown,bridesmaid dress,bridal,wedding,mehndi,evening,night,formal party wear,casual dress,south asian dress patterns,womens,ladies,girls,female dresses,indian,pakistani dulhan bridal dress,suits,clothes,silk-thread embroidered,embroidery,outfit-
Home » Bridal Dress » Indian Bridal,Wedding Wear Brides Outfits 2013-2014 Dress Collection-Latest Fashionable Suits
Indian Bridal,Wedding Wear Brides Outfits 2013-2014 Dress Collection-Latest Fashionable Suits
03:26 Unknown Labels: Bridal Dress


text:
video calling tag
6 result(s) displayed for video calling (1 - 6 of 6):
Niche Apps Driving Video Calling Adoption?
Garrett Smith, one of the smartest people writing about VoIP out there, had an interesting post a few weeks ago, about the use of video calling: "Propelled by the "seeing is believing" phenomena video phone calling is continuing to increase in popularity and usage. It's growing adoption, however, is not being driven by traditional consumer calling (as one would think), but by niche applications." Garrett also provides several examples of such niche applications - some of which I haven't known about until I read his post. While I don't refute the fact that video calling is used for a wide variety of niche applications, I think the analysis is a bit misleading. Full Story
Posted on July 1, 2009 1:23 PM
Logitech Vid: Not Your Typical Video Calling Service
Logitech just launched a new service called Vid. Essentially, it's an application Logitech is supplying along with the webcams they usually sell. Why? To sell more webcams, of course. Their selling point for the service is all about simplifying the complex offering out there, that requires installing applications and managing user accounts (think Skype, ooVoo, etc.). Full Story
Posted on June 25, 2009 3:38 PM
Susan Boyle Effect on Video Calling
I've promised myself not to talk (or tweet) about Susan Boyle, but then came Robert X. Cringely and decided to do the math on her YouTube video. As a video person, the first thing that came to my mind was how does that fit with visual communication? We're all hearing about HD these days, and how it will bring video telephony/conferencing/communication to the masses. But what will happen if that REALLY do happen? Full Story
Posted on May 7, 2009 1:42 PM
Video Calling - Can It Be Done Using a Downloadable Client ?
I've meant to write about downloadable VoIP Clients for a long time now, but didn't quite know how to tackle the issue. I finally wrote about it on my VoIP Survivor blog, stating "I don't see the value of having Downloadable VoIP Clients on mobile devices in application stores". There's an additional aspect that needs to be tackled, and this has to do with video. Video is way harder than voice. It requires more processing power and is usually require optimizations on the target platform to be able to run smoothly. This makes it quite impossible to make it downloadable. Full Story
Posted on February 11, 2009 12:23 PM
Apple is Patenting iContact
If there's anything I like about Sagee it's the amount of interesting links he sends out on twitter (and via email). Last week he sent this one out: apparently Apple has filed a patent on a camera that is "hidden" behind a display screen. If there's anything that makes video calling weird it's the fact that you simply can't keep eye contact. Full Story
Posted on February 3, 2009 9:34 AM
Video Calling to Grow Because of Mobile? Give Me a Break
There are those who believe that Mobile VoIP is the next best thing, or is the current big thing. Some even take it to the extreme, thinking mobile video chat is going to hit next and will cause the usage of video calling to increase. I am not one of them. Mobile video calling has so many problems that need to be fixed and it's going to take more than this year to overcome them. My belief is that we will see video calling rising, but not on mobile. Full Story
Posted on January 8, 2009 1:51 PM


text:
We are happy to be back with you with our new challenge. This month we want you to ADD A SENTIMENT. Challenge will run until Sunday, April 5, 2015 at noon EST. Prize will be a Whoopsi Daisy CD!! (winner pays shipping if any)
The winner of last time's challenge, chosen at random is:
We also hope you will come visit us on the Whoopsi Daisy Fan Group on Facebook. You can share projects, chat about all things Whoopsi Daisy as well as learn about new products being released! Hope you will check it out today:)
We are thrilled to welcome back ANNIE to the DT!! Annie took a break for a few months, but she is now back with us and we know you will all love seeing her wonderful creations again.
We have members of our fabulous DT providing the inspiration for you this week and as always,
their creations are stunning. If you would like to take a closer look at the DT's beautiful work or leave them comment, click on the name above their card and it will take you straight to their personal blogs.
using Hip Hooray It's Daisy May CD
Coming Soon
Using Hip Hooray It's Daisy May CD
Using Hip Hooray It's Daisy May CD
Using Tots n Teens & Inbetweens CD
Using Sentimentally Yours CD
Using Step Into Spring CD
using Daisy Just Wants to Have Fun CD
Using Hip Hooray! It's Daisy May CD


text:
Jovan Belcher: Kansas City Chiefs, Carolina Panthers Face Off Day After Murder-Suicide
(NEW YORK) -- The Kansas City Chiefs are facing off against the Carolina Panthers Sunday, one day after linebacker Jovan Belcher killed his girlfriend before turning the gun on himself in front of his coaches.
"This just doesn't seem real...praying for 59 and his family," Kansas City Chiefs offensive tackle David Mims tweeted, referring to the number Belcher wore on the field.
The decision to play the game as scheduled Sunday came "after discussions between the league office, Head Coach Romeo Crennel and Chiefs team captains," the franchise said in a statement.
On Saturday morning, Belcher, 25, shot and killed his girlfriend, Kasandra Perkins, 22, before driving to Arrowhead Stadium, police said.
"We heard that they had been arguing in the past [and] as far as recently, they'd been arguing before the shooting occurred this morning," Kansas City Police spokesman Darin Snapp said.
The couple had lived together and had a 3-month-old daughter.
A woman first alerted police Saturday morning that her daughter had been shot by her boyfriend, who was a Kansas City Chiefs player, Snapp said. Police initially believed the woman was Perkins' mother, but later learned she was Belcher's mother, who lived with the couple to help care for their daughter and according to family members was extremely close to Perkins.
Belcher drove to the stadium where he held a gun to his head in the parking lot and talked to his coaches.
"They said the player was actually thanking them for everything they'd done for him," Snapp said. "They were just talking to him and he was thanking them and everything. That's when he walked away and shot himself."
Belcher appeared to have pulled the trigger when officers arrived at the stadium, Snapp said.
The 6-foot-2, 228-pound linebacker joined the Kansas City Chiefs in 2009, and had spent all four seasons of his career with the team. He has played in every game since joining the team and was considered to be a rising star.
Originally from West Babylon, N.Y., where he was a three-time all-America wrestler in addition to playing on the football team, Belcher went undrafted out of the University of Maine, where he started all 45 games in which he played.
Maine Head Football Coach Jack Cosgrove described Jovan as a "tremendous student-athlete."
"His move to the NFL was in keeping with his dreams," Cosgrove said in a statement released by the university today. "This is an indescribably horrible tragedy. At this difficult time, our thoughts and prayers are with Jovan, Kasandra and their families."
Belcher signed with the Chiefs as a rookie free agent, started 15 of 16 games his second season and last year started all 16 games as left inside linebacker.
Belcher expressed gratitude for his NFL career in an article posted on Nov. 21 on the Chiefs' website that has since been taken down.
"First and foremost, God. Family and friends just keeping me focused, coaches and just everyone," he said.
Copyright 2012 ABC News Radio


text:
My Laptop shuts down itself without any warning or anything. I have toshiba satellite a30 - 514 model of laptop runs with window xp professional though the original operating system was xp home edition and I replaced that with professional - clean installation. Now while running the laptop sometimes it shuts down in 10-15 mins or sometimes even in 1-2 hrs i dont know why its goes off like that as it never shows any message nor any kind of errors or warnings.
Just before 3/4 seconds of shutting down it gives a bit high noise from the cpu fan and goes off like that.
I would be very grateful if someone explains the reasonable cause and solution.
Thanking you!
Edited by ramkharel, 03 May 2005 - 04:12 PM.


text:
Question: If a person in California found himself in an emergency survival situation, and had to take California wildlife in an otherwise illegal manner in order to survive, do the various California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) or other laws specifically describe an exemption for such exigent circumstances? (W.B.)
Answer: No, there are no provisions in the Fish and Game Code or Title 14 to allow for any illegal take of fish and wildlife resources under the circumstances you describe.
Sturgeon fishing report cards
Question: I bought my annual sturgeon report card this last year and was able to get out fishing a few times, but despite my good efforts, I never caught a sturgeon. Now I can't find that report card but I have nothing to report anyway, so do I need to even worry about it? If so, and if I don't end up finding my report card, how do I check in? (Anonymous)
Answer: Whether or not you fished for or caught sturgeon, all sturgeon anglers are required to return their Sturgeon Fishing Report Card or report their card data online. Although the deadline was Jan. 31, CDFW still encourages anglers to return 2013 cards by mail to the address printed on the card, or submit card data online at www.ca.wildlifelicense.com/InternetSales/CustomerSearch/Begin.
Since you have lost your card, you can report it as lost by submitting an affidavit. The affidavit is available at https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=41126&inline=1.
Thank you for asking what you should do because any person who fails to report online or return his or her report card (any type) to CDFW by the deadline may be restricted from obtaining the same card in a subsequent license year. You could also be subject to an additional fee for the issuance of the same card in a subsequent license year.
Sturgeon Fishing Report Card data is a key part of the white sturgeon stock-assessment program and is essential for documenting accidental catch of threatened green sturgeon.
Legal shotgun and rifle stocks?
Question: What kind of shotgun and rifle stocks are legal to hunt with? A friend thought my shotgun stock was illegal because it is a full stock but has a pistol grip. Is it legal to hunt with a pistol-gripped stock or thumb hole stock? (Joe L.)
Answer: CDFW laws do not address nor control this feature in firearms. As long as the firearms you are using are legal to use, these different stocks are also legal to use. Please check the California Penal Code for laws regarding possession and use of firearms. You can also check with the California Bureau of Firearms in the Office of the Attorney General at https://oag.ca.gov/firearms.
Why are commercial fishermen allowed more lobsters than sport fisherman?
Question: Why are a small number of commercial lobster fishermen allowed to use thousands of large enclosed metal traps to catch lobsters to sell for money? This doesn't seem fair when sport fishermen who just want to catch some lobsters to eat are restricted to either open hoop nets or diving for them. It seems like commercial fishermen are allowed to compete unfairly with local sport fishermen? (Rod D.)
Answer: Questions regarding allocation between the commercial and recreational lobster fishing sectors is a common one, and there are reasons why the resource is shared between the two sectors in the manner that it is.
CDFW is mandated by law to allow for the sustainable use of lobster by both the commercial and recreational fishing sectors. While our laws say that recreational fishermen are entitled to harvest for sport (not subsistence), commercial fishermen must make a living off the resource.
Currently, there are less than 195 commercial lobster operator permits in existence and there were approximately 37,000 recreational lobster report cards sold this season, according to the CDFW Marine Invertebrate Project. More than 50 of the commercial lobster operator permits are non-transferable and will cease to exist when these fishermen quit fishing.
Commercial fishermen are required to use traps with strict regulations concerning mesh size and escape ports that allow large numbers of sublegal-sized lobsters to come and go freely from traps. Recent CDFW surveys show that the recreational sector is now dominated by hoop netters, whereas it previously was dominated by divers.
Finally, there are large, productive areas that are closed to commercial lobster fishing but open to recreational lobster fishing, such as Santa Monica Bay, San Pedro Bay, San Diego Bay, the lee side of Catalina Island and many breakwaters and jetties.
# # #
Carrie Wilson is a marine environmental scientist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. While she cannot personally answer everyone's questions, she will select a few to answer each week in this column. Please contact her at email@example.com.


text:
NM Tech Undergrad To Assist with Field Study in Antarctica, Oct. 18, 2005
by Shawna Carter
SOCORRO, N.M., Oct. 18, 2005 — New Mexico Tech undergrad Kyle Jones will soon be packing his luggage with some of his warmest clothes, since he will be assisting Tech geology professors Philip Kyle and Bill McIntosh later this fall semester in a National Science Foundation-sponsored geologic field study of Mount Erebus in Antarctica.
Jones, a junior at the state-supported research university in Socorro, says he has had a fascination with volcanoes and related geological topics ever since Professor Kyle came to speak about volcanoes at the local IMAX Theater in Alamogordo. Jones was in elementary school at the time.
At the end of Kyle's talk, Jones had an opportunity to speak with the Tech volcanologist about his own budding interest in volcanoes. Kyle gave Jones a business card, and they kept in long-distance contact up until Jones graduated high school early and began attending New Mexico Tech.
When he arrived at Tech, Jones was delighted to find out that the Earth and Environmental Science Department had an open position for him as a research assistant.
Since then, Jones has had the opportunity to assist in many aspects of geologic research, including managing the data archives which help organize the massive amount of data that New Mexico Tech researchers have collected from Mt. Erebus.
While in Antarctica, Jones will have further opportunities to attain hands-on research experience, replacing equipment and collecting data. One of the tasks the New Mexico Tech research team plans on accomplishing while on-site at Mount Erebus will be the replacement and expansion of infrasonic microphones around what is the southernmost active volcano in the world and its surrounding areas.
"Infrasonic microphones record the sound waves produced when a volcano erupts," Jones says. "The data from these microphones can be used to triangulate and pin-point an eruption's size and source location."
Another task Jones and his research mentors hope to accomplish while down in Antarctica is updating the existing analog video capture system to an entirely digital video collection system. Some of the equipment stationed at the Mount Erebus site has been used by New Mexico Tech researchers since the 1980s.
"The implementation of digital equipment will allow for more accurate data and better data management," Jones says.
Jones, who will be entering his senior year at Tech at the beginning of the upcoming spring semester, says he enjoys being outdoors. His hobbies include white water rafting, as well as hiking, biking, and other outdoor activities.
"I have always had a fascination with volcanoes and geophysics," he relates.
Jones says he hopes to eventually complete a Ph.D. program and one day return to Tech as a professor. Furthermore, he says he'd like to continue working on the Mount Erebus research program.
"I am very excited about going to the site and getting some hands-on experience in volcanology," he says.
The New Mexico Tech research team is leaving for Antarctica in mid-November. Jones will be joining them on November 28, and will return with the team in early January 2006. Once the New Mexico Tech research team is set to begin its latest "summer research season in Antarctica,".