text:
Strasburg, North
Dakota – Religion, Farming and Education Issues
Germans from Russia Heritage Society
Cassette Tape Collection (Date Unknown)
Number Two in a Series
Transcription by Joy Hass Stefan
Editing by Janel Wald and Linda Haag
I was born in 1885, in a little sod shack. It didn't even have a floor in it or a door in it yet, in Campbell County, South Dakota.
Strasburg, North Dakota. Population: 643. Our hometown. One in a series of sound portraits exploring the values, history, and character of life in small towns. Produced by Minnesota Public Radio Station KCCM, with funds provided by the North Dakota Committee for the Humanities and Public Issues. On today's program, Adriana Nieuwsma tells her personal history of the town, from the perspective of the Dutch settlers, and Strasburgers tell of their attitudes about religion. The interviewer is John Ydstie. Now, Adriana Nieuwsma.
I guess I was the first baby in that county. There were a few settlers
there, and they built a sod church, a Reformed Church, there about
three miles away from my folks, the few settlers that were there.
There were mostly Dutchmen. My folks lived there for two years,
and then these homestead rights came out and he went further into
North Dakota to look for a homestead. And he found a place that's
about seven miles southeast of here, between here and Hague, and
he filed on that as a homestead. That's where I was really
raised. I lived on that place for over 50 years. I spent most of
my life there. In the first years that my folks farmed there, they
had to bring their grain, their wheat to Eureka by wagon and oxen
at first; later, by horses, as time went on and the country progressed.
They bought their horses from Indians by the river. They called them broncos. Have you ever heard of bronco horses? They call them broncos. They're awfully wild, but the Indians usually tamed them, and they'd come through the country and sell them to the settlers here. They were tough.
That's how we had our first horses, I know. I remember my dad plowing with the ox team, yet. It sure took determination to come here, and they made good. They had their good times and hard times, but I think they were wise they came. It was too, because of the military rules that they had there, of being drafted. Every boy had to become a soldier if his health was fit. He had to serve a term in the service, whether there was war or not. They weren't satisfied with the government. Then, when the United States, of course… they got such good reports from the United States that these things were all so different and everybody was his own boss, you might say, and that interested them, I guess. They were just eking out a living in the Old Country, and I guess they had just enough money to come across. Then my dad worked in Chicago in the Pullman car factory for awhile, until, I think he had about $100, and he had to start farming on that.
What was it like to grow up out here in those days?
I think the people were happier then than then are now. We never knew any better. We didn't have any shoes to wear; we walked barefoot during the summer, and in the wintertime, well we little kids just stayed inside. My folks had a sod house, and it was built like this. They had a T to it with a barn for their horses and cows, and then there was a kind of a little hallway in between, and we had our toilet, or you might say our backhouse in that hall. We didn't have to go outside for that. And the hay, my folks would get that in from the back, and they fixed a roof over the haystacks, and hauled that full of hay, and right from the inside they could get the hay to the cows and to the horses. We lived indoors most of the time. My dad would go to Eureka maybe once a month and he'd get a few groceries.
We didn't have school in the winter then, because we didn't have the fuel… just three months in the summertime. I think as far as being satisfied and happy, people were more satisfied then than they are now. We didn't have all kinds of toys that we could lay our hands on. In the wintertime, we'd usually sit around in that sod house; I remember that. People around here had burners made. It was something like an old fashioned wash boiler. Do you know the old fashioned wash boilers that they used to heat water on for washing? Well, they'd get an outfit like that made. They could get that made in Eureka by the blacksmith, and they would fill that full of flax straw. My folks usually had some flax straw, and they'd stock it as full as they could, and they would set that on a cook stove. They took those two lids off, set that upside down, and that straw would burn slowly, and pretty soon we had a red hot stove. It was just like a stove; it was red hot. Oh, it was cozy and all, and my dad spent most of his time in the winter reading stories. We had story books; we kids could sit there, only it was Dutch.
We could sit there all evening and he would read such an interesting story, and we didn't want to go to bed. "Read some more, Dad. Read some more, Dad." Of course it was all in Dutch. Uncle Tom's Cabin was one of my favorite stories, that is the (66; neighborhood) the Dutch call it, the (66; neighborhood). We would have him read that over more than once to get the full drift of it, and then there was another one, (67), Gertrude, the Lamplighter. That was a book about a little girl that lived with her father in one of the lighthouses on the shore of the ocean. That was one of my favorite ones. And I would play checkers or something like that. When I was a child, time never lay heavy on my hands that I can remember. I got married when I was going on 20, and we raised a big family. We had 11 children. They say women don't work now days when they are housewives, but I was a housewife and I worked.
The Germans and the Hollanders get along fine?
Oh yes, we had all German neighbors for so long, all our life.
Never had any problems?
We never had any trouble. No, we always got along fine. We'd help each other out. But when our children were growing up, and we children, at home, we just wouldn't think of our youngsters dating with the Catholics, and they didn't want their kids to date ours either. We kept that kind of separate, but now in high school, they marry right and left, together. Just so they stay together, and that's the main thing.
[85-91 - The Old Rugged Cross hymn]
Is religion important in this community?
Oh yes. Yes, very much important, yes. Even the Catholics… they are good, solid, good Catholics, I'll tell you. They attend their church. If everybody would be as faithful, attending their worship services, they would be alright. We can live our religion in our everyday life. We have to. If we don't show our religion in everyday life, it's no use to go to church on Sunday, and this pleases the Lord on other days in itself.
Do the people here do that, in this town, do you think?
That's quite a deep question, you know. I think, as a whole,
I think they do. They do live a religious life, yes. It's
a Christian community.
I would say our whole life here in Strasburg each stems out from our church. The church is the center and our weekly things are all centered from the church, as to the activities and everything that we do. Everything is connected with the church, almost.
What kind of activities would they be?
Well, like the Guild, that's our women's group, and
if they have anything going on in town, it's usually one of
the church groups that are doing it. Like having a bake sale, or
getting in a quilt party group. They all stem out from the church.
You know, Sunday is the day you go to church, and that's it. Everybody just does.
What does religion do for you, or mean to you?
Well, I don't know. It's hard to explain. If you didn't believe in God or anything, then you could just go rob and steal and cheat anybody and not even bat an eye, right? The only thing you'd think is maybe I won't get caught by the law. If you have religion, you don't consider that, you think well, maybe there's somebody up above that you're cheating. It's a right and wrong, that's all there is to it. I think, in my opinion, if you rise your children without any religion, you almost raise them like an animal.
Are the young people in town carrying on that religious tradition, do you think?
They are definitely not carrying on those religious traditions as strongly as the older ones are. But I think the trend might be coming back, that they probably will.
Why do you think it fell off, then?
I don't know. Well, I think maybe in the Catholic Church,
maybe they got too lenient with their religion. They thought by
changing the rules and being more lenient, you'd have more
coming to church. It seems like now more of them are dropping away
from it, because, even at my age now, you don't really know.
You go to one Catholic Church… well, they don't have
to go to confession, or they can have church on Saturday night and
it'll count for Sunday. The next church you go to, it's
visa versa. And that's kind of hard to swallow because you
don't really know what's right and wrong. If they'd
have kept it the way it was, then there's no doubt in anybody's
mind, that's the way it is and that's they way it stays.
It gets to the point where I can see where these young people would
really be confused. Now we're a little more (130) right here
in Strasburg, and when they get out, these kids have to be completely
confused. Because they go to the colleges, and it's completely
lenient, so they don't know if it's right from home,
or right up there, or what. I can see why a lot of them are dropping
Religion is a big thing, like you have to go to church and everything, because religion is just a really big part of everything… especially older people. The other generation, I think it's just a really big thing in their lives.
How about for the young people?
Well, some people will get into religion a lot; then again some of the other people will be against religion because their parents are shoving it down their throat, kind of. So religion is a big thing to some people, and not quite so big to others.
How could you tell that Strasburg is a religious community if you just came in and hung around for awhile?
Well, they have a lot of church groups, and most of the postcards are of the inside of the Catholic Church, and they have these plates showing the outside of the Catholic Church and stuff. Mostly, everyone is really proud of the church, because it is a beautiful church, and there would be a lot of people going to church all the time. The church is just a big thing.
Do you think it's more important than in most small towns?
I don't think so; not around here anyway. I think church is big in most small towns that I've been in. It's just amazing how the parents and the people might think that, like somebody might not go to church on a Sunday. That's really a horrible thing to do here. It's so big. They're brought up strictly on the Bible, and if you drift a little bit from that, you're a horrible sinner. It's kind of ridiculous, I feel.
Does it put a lot of pressure on you?
Well, not really, because you just have to live with it. I've set myself to live with it, but a lot of the things I don't agree with.
Is it a pretty conservative style of religion, do you think?
It's strictly straight. It's really what the Bible
says is what goes.
Life centers on the churches. As you drive into any of these towns, you see the high church steeples. The church is the most prominent building in the town. I think life pretty well revolved around religion.
Are there any other signs of religion, besides the church? If someone would come into town and stay for a couple of weeks and pick up, do you think?
When we speak of the next town down the road, Hague, I find these people are very charitable to each other. They'll say good things about the next person, but never anything bad. Even when I've kind of slipped, and said something a bit uncharitable, they'd correct me. So I see religion really in practice or charity, Christian charity in practice, and it's really delightful. Some people that I knew, they didn't like, that if their name was mentioned, they would defend that person. So I've seen more religion practiced in this area than I have anywhere else I've been.
I've talked to a couple of people who have said it's a rather conservative brand of religion. Why is it conservative?
We're well versed on the developments in scripture. They
take a lot of the things in scripture which were literary devices
that the writers used to bring plans across. These people aren't
aware of this, so they still interpret it literally, and there's
really nothing wrong with that. And unless we have something better
to offer, I don't feel them setting these traditional values.
They'll be on sale after this mass; they'll be on sale
all afternoon and evening in the basement of the church and so on.
This is our annual fair day and the workers are asked to check where
they're supposed to be at a certain time.
We're having our annual church fair, and in the afternoon we set up all these games for the children, and the young adults.
What kind of things are they?
Oh, we've got a fish pond, and a dart game, a cake walk,
a roulette wheel… it's just for penny stuff, though.
A marble game.
Why do you do this?
To raise money for the church. My little boy could hardly sleep
last night, waiting for the carnival. He said, "one more night
and when we wake up tomorrow, is it the carnival?" And the
first thing he said this morning was, "Is it tomorrow?"
He really did, yes. He couldn't wait for the carnival. Of
course he's only three, so he's quite young.
[267 – 290 crowd noise from the church carnival –
roulette wheel, bingo]
We have jackpot every six weeks during the school year, and this is, I would say between the church and school and PTA, kind of all in one thing, that we have this annual church fair. We have the KC's and the St. Mary's Society, which is more or less part of the church.
Is the church an important part in a small community like this?
I would say so.
Why would you say so? Why is it so important?
There are a lot of things that wouldn't be started if it weren't because of the church, like this gathering here tonight wouldn't be if it weren't started by the church societies. The only reason you can feed for $2 the way we fed here tonight is because most of the things are donated. The farmers are asked to bring three spring chickens, cut up, and city ladies are asked to bring a dollar, a cake and three dollars. And most people do it quite freely. They don't ask any questions. It's just part of the festivities.
I see some of these have signs "chances" on them. Are you selling a chance on some of them?
Yes, we do. Some of the articles are made by different members
of the societies, and they donate them, and we sell chances on them,
and they're raffled off at the end of the evening. Dish towels,
a rug, Afghans, and we have raffled off a baby quilt, and eventually,
during the course of the evening, between the bingo rounds we'll
be raffling off the rest of these articles that we sold chances
It's too doggone much work for the few people who participate
in all of this. We have maybe 500 – 600 people here, and about
12 ladies have to take care of all the gosh darn food. Like my wife
came over here yesterday from about 2 o'clock, and she was
standing here until about 9 or 9:30 last night washing dishes. Well,
there's no need for that, for four or five women out of 250
women. I'm supposed to be working, but I can't. I'm
not even going to look for an alibi, but if I was able, I'd
always take my shift too.
Do you think this is kind of a traditional kind of festival to have?
I'd hate to see it go. It is. This has been with this church
for, I wouldn't say how many years, and it's been not
so much just in our people, but people coming here. Now tonight,
I couldn't help, but notice all the people from Westfield,
Strasburg, Hague… good people from Napoleon, Kintyre, Hazelton,
it's terrific.
Strasburg is a lot more Catholic than I've seen any other place. And the people take their religion really seriously, more than I've seen in most places. It's often been said that Strasburg shouldn't have two schools, and my belief is that they shouldn't because our community isn't large enough. But I think that the trend towards the… the reason they have two schools here is because of the strict religion in having a Catholic high school and grade school. Some of the people feel that a religious type of education is better, but it's up to them. People should send their kids where they want, and so forth. I know that they all want them to be educated, because the older people realize that without education now days, their kids will amount to nothing.
Is there an antagonism between the two schools?
It's more with the parents than with the children. They've had a big school bussing problem here that they're trying to get resolved. I wish they would resolve it. Through the gossip channels we've lost people at the bank that used to be good customers here, different things. It hurts a small town. If everyone would get along regarding these schools, we wouldn't have a bit of problems here.
Do you have Catholics fighting Catholics?
As a matter of fact, it isn't through religion that they're split, but because of ideas, and it all comes down to the everlasting dollar. The people on one side of the street say, "I'm not sending my kids to the parochial school because it costs too much and I'm already getting state aid to send my child to public school." The parochial people say, "We want funds from the US and state government because we are tax payers." Well, take away the dollar and you wouldn't have either one of the schools. That's exactly what it amounts to, money. That is one thing that is really hurting this town.
Do you think it will be resolved?
I don't know. I stay very clear from things like that. Being
in business on Main Street, you just don't open your mouth.
I don't make a comment as to which one of the schools is the
best. I don't care, really. I know that it's hurting
the towns to a point now where if people want to move to Strasburg,
they have to consider this… which side of the fence are you
going to be on? That's why I just keep my mouth shut and if
I want to send my children to the parochial school, if I'm
paying for it, it's no one else's business. If I send
them to the public school, it's nobody's business.
I think there always be a little bit of friction among the different schools, but I think they'll still be able to survive. Because the Lord provides, and we couldn't get along with just one, I'm sure.
You couldn't get along with just one school?
No, definitely not. We couldn't get along with one.
Why not?
Because the one would be too small and the funds aren't available
to build a bigger public school. It would be higher taxes, and the
people really can't carry higher taxes, because of the small
Catholic education has been around this area for a long time. If
we ever let it go, we'll never get it back. As long as the
people are willing to support it on a county-wide basis, I don't
see any reason why we shouldn't continue.
I believe that one big school would make our town happy, and I think we'd have friendship again.
Will you see that time, do you think?
I'm looking forward. I imagine in about four years, I think it's going to change, because the tax dollar is hitting our private, I mean going to the public school, and they won't get refunds for the private school anymore, and I think they're going to fold up. It has to, because this can't continue with two schools in a little town like ours.
It's hard on the town in terms of the people being mad at each other.
You bet your life it's hard. It ruins our business. I have
people driving away to different towns to shop, just through that,
because they get mad at me or mad at the other guy for saying something.
And you can't favor both sides, you know how that works. We've
got big friction.
If it wasn't the schools, they'd be grumbling about something else. Just people that are hard to get along with, hard to please, no matter what you talk about, they're always against something or everything. There's probably some friction, and there's some good also. We have people coming from Linton, Kintyre, out here; I mean from a big territory, they come here. They go to school here, and then, you take like Sunday night with the church supper and all these people were here for this church supper. So you gain by that, and you lose on the next thing. You've got your ups and downs.
Strasburg, North Dakota. Our hometown. One in a series of sound self-portraits illustrating the attitudes and character of life in small towns. Produced by Minnesota Public Radio Station KCCM, with funds provided by the North Dakota Committee for the Humanities and Public Issues. Producers of the series are John Ydstie, Dennis Hamilton and Bill Siemering. You may purchase a cassette copy of this program by contacting KCCM, Concordia College, Morehead, Minnesota 56560.
[466 – 484 - The Old Rugged Cross hymn]
[end of recording on side A]
[begin tape side B]
(Farmers talk back and forth about selling calves)
Some farmers talking at Strasburg, North Dakota. Population: 643. Our hometown. One in a series of programs exploring the values, concerns, and character of life in small towns. Produced by Minnesota Public Radio Station KCCM, with funds provided by the North Dakota Committee for the Humanities and Public Issues. Farming is essential to the economy of Strasburg. And on today's program, you'll hear conversations about farming recorded in the farmers' co-op elevator, in the Pin Palace Café, and at a Junior Chamber of Commerce banquet. Later in the program, you'll also hear of the interests and attitudes of high school students. The interviewer is John Ydstie. We begin with the farmers' co-op elevator and the manager, Vic Daringer
How are the farmers doing?
Well, I was just out… I was out on leasing sales and leasing land for the state of North Dakota, and they talk about the cattlemen, the cattle prices are bad, and the cattlemen don't have any money, and that the farmers haven't got any money, and inflation is eating up all the profit, but they're sure paying an awful price for that land. I ran into, I think it was in Sargent County, I rented 80 acres of land for $2525 for one year's lease, 60 acres of cultivation and 20 acres of prairie. Of course, a lot of this probably is grudge. They get mad at one another, but they sure pay an awful price for that land. They sure ain't slowed up on the land. They're renting it… there's none of it. This is my first experience, and I'm in my seventh year, I was out selling land that I didn't have any that wasn't sold.
According to parity, it doesn't make sense.
I suppose some of this is probably a couple of neighbors getting into an argument over it. But I just came from McIntosh County, and a fellow came in there and he was renting. He was bidding on all the land all over the county, you know, just anything, just bidding on it. And he got some of it; he got some in that corner, he's got some in this corner, he got some in that corner and he's got some in the middle, and he paid a good price for it. I don't know what he plans on doing with it. I don't know what his thoughts are.
Well how come I always hear the farmers complaining that they can't make enough money?
Well, if you were a framer, you'd complain too, for the simple reason because they've been used to high cattle prices. They'd take these calves in, and last year they got $300 apiece for them. Now they get less than $100 for the same calf. And they go in and get the same thing they have to buy, like a sack of oats or repairs, and that's probably up 50% or better. Their fuel is up 25% or 30%. There's a fuel man right there, he can tell you. And he could do something about it by bringing the price down, but he doesn't.
Well, how about the grain market now? Two years ago, they were getting, what, a buck 85 for wheat?
And now it's $7.35 or forty.
That's about four times as much now.
The grain market is real good, and I don't think the grain farmer can complain. The only thing he could complain about now is drought and grasshoppers. A lot of fellows don't have anything to sell right now. This is what they're complaining about.
You take the average farmer that, like say, I've been here 22 years now, and you take what I'm worth. And you take a farmer, oh, I could name some guys that started farming when I started here, and let them sell off today, they're worth probably $200,000 or $300,000, if they sold out today. Look what I'd be worth.
Yet the average guy, when you took this job here, they kind of average you, because they thought you had one heck of a good job, and they were out here on the farm milking cows, and didn't have the money to spend…
They didn't count the two days a week where I had to be here.
I don't know about that, but they didn't have any money to spend, and you had your monthly salary check, and you were living high on the hog.
They'd been living higher than I had, I'll tell you.
Look at the last ten years, and you'll notice the difference. Prior to that time, money was a little tight.
Yes, but I worked for it too, $250 a month or $200 a month.
That was one hell of a good wages, at the time you started here. $250 a month was good money.
When I started, I was probably working five years already when I made that. But you take these farmers, even in their bad income; they had more convenience than I did. I had to be here six days a week, where they probably… sure they milked and had to be there in the morning and evening, but they…
I think what the farmer mostly complains about, he probably has a few dollars at the end of the year, but then he has to have a new tractor, and he has to go in debt maybe $5 or $6,000, and then maybe the next year he's got to buy a new… now you go in debt more than that if you're going to buy a new combine. If your combine's ruined, it's $18,000 - $20,000, and of course, he can afford to pay more for it because, look what he's getting for grain. But they always have big debts hanging over their head, and this is what they complain about.
But they spend it before they've got it. How many farmers drive a ten-year-old car like I do?
I've got a lot of them who'll buy more… like the last few years they made good money and they spend it all. They've got everything new.
Sometimes they get a truck here, and then they're broke. Then they're hurting. They don't look for a loan. I'm putting in a crop, I've got a good crop, well, and this crop looks like I'll be able to harvest it. I got it on swats now, and then they already go and go buy a new car or tractor, or swather or combine, or whatever, you know. Well, I'd like to drive a brand new car too.
You're just conservative.
Why sure. If I get a tough year, I wouldn't be hurting. A
guy should look ahead. I feel that way. You don't hear me
complain, that's the thing. I'm satisfied.
Alrighty, we have a rug, and a rug, and a rug. Look at that! [goes into an auctioneer's call 091 – 096]
All of the reports that have come through the last couple of days show that we might have little higher prices. How do you evaluate this?
There's not much grain.
No, and I can see it, in the dry weather. Wheat, spring wheat, we've got to get this cut, there's a shortage.
It's because of this corn and wheat that Russia bought, and then everything went down.
Flax had nothing to do with that. Why would that make flax go down?
It follows.
[ 106 – 110 Farmers keep talking back and forth]
I was trying to think where in the heck I was this last week or so that there was just load after load of grain sitting in the elevators. I think it was in McClusky.
There's been a lot of grain hauling in the last ten days, just the week before this.
This was all Durham. And they said to hang on to it for $7, $7.25…
They were just about bankrupt; there were $10 million dollars…
And still he says hang on.
They have guts enough to say hang on. They have to [122] all their back dues, or they're bankrupt everywhere.
Did you hear that guy the other night at Jaycees?
I think I heard the whole speech again over the telephone Monday. It was an hour and 45 minutes. I was there, I heard it.
Were you there?
I didn't know anybody could talk that long.
This is what I can't figure out. The young farmers are worried,
and then they get a guy in like that to talk for hours. Why didn't
they get somebody in here, like from the Jaycees? To talk about
what they've done, what they're doing or what they're
going to do.
I'd like to give a little prayer right now that the Jaycees made up. So if we'd all pay attention: Heavenly Father, we ask your blessing, not only for the meal that we have eaten, but also for the many friends gathered to partake of the meal. We ask your special blessing so that the outstanding young farmer chosen here may be successful as the Emmons County representative at future competitions. We ask through Christ our Lord. Amen.
Well, to get started with our banquet this evening, the first thing I'm going to do, I'm going to tell you I've got some good news and I've got some bad news. First of all, I'm going to tell you the good news. Now the good news is that President Ford is working on a tax cut for all the people in the low income bracket. Now that's the good news. Now the bad news is that he hasn't figured out how to get them an income. See? That one's supposed to be funny.
By the way, I forgot one thing. I forgot to introduce myself. Most
of you people probably know me. I'm Kelly Fischer. I live
ten miles east of town, and I got stuck with emceeing this program
tonight. I don't know how it happened, but at this time, ladies
and gentlemen, I'd like to introduce to you a person I'm
sure you've all heard of before. I'm sure you've
probably met him before. I'd like to introduce a man who was
formerly national vice president of the National Farmers'
Organization… he was born in 1911, he was raised on a farm;
he farmed in Woodbury County, Iowa. He has been an inner pool member
since the beginning, was elected to the board of directors in 1960.
Ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to introduce to you Mr. Erhardt
I'm grateful to have the opportunity to talk to a rural audience. I believe that we are tonight, in probably the most precarious condition economically since perhaps 1932. I believe we are at a point where the entire rural community could very well fold. All the guns are trained on farm prices. And if you heard the farm report in the last few days, in the last 30 days farm prices fell another two percent. And on the ratio given here, that would have to be the equivalent, if we were still at 78 percent of parity, of being down now to 75 percent. And yet everyone in the nation is screaming that farm prices have to come down. I think we're in a real problem, and I don't think that most of us understand it. Because of higher prices, we expect they're here to stay in some commodities, and I've gotten a feeling of indifference. Farmers have always been that way. Optimistic people, and I guess they'd have to be if they were going to stay in business. But in about the 15 to 20 years that I've been working with the farmers, I've heard them talk about two good years, about 20 years ago, and next year. Always next year… gonna be the big one. And the farmers do have the opportunity to save all of rural America, and to save their prices. And I believe that if they fail, it's the end of the rural community as we know it. Corporate agriculture will move in. It already is. Standard Oil Company announced last week that they're making a study on the feasibility of their moving into agriculture. It's coming unless we can get the prices that we need to stay there. A man that's making money, they're not going to get his land. But when he gets to where he can't pay his bills, he has no choice and it will move over. And you and I, as it cannot exist as individuals, once the corporations get control of enough of it, they're going to bust us like they did the broiler producers in vertical integration.
And with it goes every rural town, because these corporations are
not going to buy their fertilizer from the businessman here in Strasburg.
It is yours and my personal forefathers that came from the east,
came across from other countries that cleared the wilderness and
made it possible for us to have what we have today. And now it is
our turn. We have to protect it economically, and we can do it by
working together, by blocking our production, by establishing our
own price the way every sound business and industry in this nation
has always done it. We can do it. Thank you.
Thank you Mr. (219; Pinkton)
We have got a double electric blanket with two controls. Look at there, and I'll tell you what, if you get a better one downtown… you couldn't get a better one downtown, you could just get one down there that costs more, that's all, in perfect condition. And who's going to give the first $25? I'll tell you what, if you didn't close the windows the last couple of nights, you might wish you had it already. Well, give five, seven and a half or ten dollars… let's go!
[228 – 254 auctioneer]
Are you retired?
No, not really, but I should be.
Oh, I guess I'll farm another year, try it anyways.
It didn't go so good this year. We didn't have much down there, you know.
If I would've gone two years, before I retired, I'd sit prettier than I did.
Than you do now.
Yes. I had four years. Two years hail and two years drought, and you know what it costs a year to farm.
I don't like it in town myself.
What we are going to do this winter, she said. We used to have so much fun on the farm. Out there we used to climb on the haystacks and slide down the hills. I said, oh, you'll find something to do. It's true that farm kids have so much more fun than kids in town. There's just no comparison.
I suppose the big cities are the same way.
[277 – 283 cheerleader squad cheering for Strasburg]
Is this a good place to grow up?
In some ways, I think, and some ways it isn't. It seems kind
of far out here from the other world and you learn a lot more here,
like everybody knows everybody, and everybody else's business.
In big cities it wouldn't be that way.
I'd say you get out and me being a farm boy you learn how
to, and you see more town boys learning how to run tractors and
everything, where as in the city, you don't really know how
to do nothing. You go to a factory and get a job and you do one
thing all… you know, all day.
I like to hunt. You can drive right out of town and hunt.
The people are really nice, mostly. Everybody gets along with everybody,
usually, except for the one bad problem that is gossip. In a small
town if anybody says anything, everybody knows about it. Well I
got out this summer and I went to Aberdeen, South Dakota, and I
really liked it. I was glad that I left. I think more kids should
do it and then come back and go to school and stuff. It's
really something.
You're using rather innovative methods of education at Emmons Central. How have the people reacted to those innovative methods?
I think people are open. I think they've come to realize that you can't do things by force all the time. You walk into a classroom with 30 people, and it's pretty easy for some people to go in there and make these people behave. Sit them in the corner or else, this sort of thing. But I think we've gotten away from this and I think parents have too in their own homes, and they realize that youngsters are more open and they get around more, and they just have to be treated a little bit differently than they were treated in the past.
[320 – 336 football coach instructions to his team]
I do believe there are many disadvantages in a small school system.
However, there are many things that are hard to measure. I do believe
there is more unity in a smaller school; you feel more… I
do think the teachers can spend more on a person to person basis
with the individual students. For instance, here at Strasburg Public,
I know all the students. I know their backgrounds, somewhat, I know
the parents' background, and many times, you can see the difficulties
that result are because of some of these problems at home and so
on. I feel in the larger city you have more broken homes, you have
more people that are just part of the institution. Overall, I think
if we could probably have a little more financing… I think
the state… equalization of funds would be a little more equally
distributed, I think we could do a much better job than we're
doing now. We are lacking in many areas that it's impossible
to implement these programs. But I've seen students from Strasburg
Public leave here and they've done very well in both private
colleges and the universities. So we can't say that it's
a detriment to go to a smaller school. I think there are a lot of
things to be desired, but at the same time there are a lot of things
that we have that a larger institution does not or will not offer,
or can't because of the very size of it.
I've worked with high school students in Valley City and
Tower City, which is a small town just east of Valley City. And
I notice a difference here, between both of those places. I think
the kids here are more open and they're not quite so…
they're a little less sophisticated from where I stand. They're
not quite so worldly, but really, when you come right down to it,
I think they're just nicer kids than the people I worked with.
Now, of course, there are exceptions to every rule, but I think,
as a whole, the kids are just more good natured and more friendly
here than the other two places. And they're not, I don't
know if this is quite the right word, but it seems to me they're
a little bit less cynical too.
Do you think you're getting an education that will serve you well when you get out of town?
I don't because I don't think I'm learning as
much here as I would back in Bismarck or someplace like that. That's
just my opinion. I think when you get out of here you don't
know too much, usually.
I think the only thing you know is not what you pick up in school, but what you pick up along the line growing up. You get out and learn different things, and you go back to school and before you know it you're out. I think it's what you learn out of school, not what you learn from your books in school.
[405 – 414 more of Strasburg cheerleading squad]
Strasburg, North Dakota. Our hometown. One in a series of sound self-portraits illustrating the attitudes and character of life in small towns. Produced by Minnesota Public Radio Station KCCM, with funds provided by the North Dakota Committee for the Humanities and Public Issues. Producers of the series are John Ydstie,Dennis Hamilton and Bill Seimering. You may purchase a cassette copy of this program by contacting KCCM, Concordia College, Moorhead, Minnesota 56560
[426 – 450 accordion music]
[End of Side B recording]


text:
Surge in Oil Supply Sends Crude Futures Plunging
Oil futures plunge after a closely watched report shows U.S. oil inventories rose to their highest level in more than three decades last week. Dan Strumpf reports on the News Hub. Photo: Associated Press.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the the ... all all you just love ... the energy industry's ballooned to think that is his was strong on this site discusses Thanksgiving itself this time ... so this was such a huge mom bought him on YouTube some Telenor as of this the number that that the interest shown was just next to the idea was it was up almost a seven million barrel increase in oil inventories which to put in perspective ... now said oil inventories in the US ... to the highest level ... are measured on a weekly bases ... in thirty one years while so we are basically swimming in oil right now he ... and assistant that and something over its finalists was legal to sell and after this that I'm the dumbest and most of all of us can use with prices look precisely a symptom of a weak economy isn't what it too partisan to move a weak economy and ... will no doubt about it a big factor here ... is the fact that ... I'm that ... that Becca economy and U S and all over the world this is week which translates directly to lower demand for oil and gasoline ... on high unemployment ... numbers is no sin so secret that that means fewer people on the Road traffic to work CNS Kesling unit ... at the same time ... another big factor here is the U S oil production has just been ... booming in the last couple of years ... there were worried near record levels and released more malt I hear record levels in the production right now in the U S a and a lot of its coming from from the midcontinent from all of these ... resources as Colorado's the coda on the West Texas in all all really in a number of places ... and and that's also ... helped to help bring down prices and hopes and even toys are and it is money investing I'm at the thing is yet to set out with union us to get quite soon in the pics and things began is independent of what a laugh cry or equivocal dislike the trades who write write exactly and and now people are actually started to talk seriously about it but it wasn't long ago when you had a number of people you know sort of sorts for people reason is the idea of of of people people people up ... we were soo lucky me my last ... carry on to the recoil yet we're going to lose I've read a peak to peak oil production is quick to hit its peak ... you know ... in that in the foreseeable future now we're seeing is basically the APUs it ... conserving voiced by by analysts which is that it actually ... is a possibility that world demand will before before production peaks ... ahh and some folks are saying that can happen within ... the state ... while ... great stuff as always tensed top ... of that is designed to increase eighty cents or one ... penny fuel more D tells all night you should read Dan's ... column on the vs day don't call

subset: commoncrawl


text:
In a recent article we saw how to import an XML file in to an MS Access Application to create a table. Similarly another article discussed the exporting of an MS Access table to an XML file. Of the two processes, while the exporting is handled very easily by most programs, the importing appears to be not such a straightforward process. In SQL 2000 server, while the exporting of data to an XML file was handled by TSQL extensions easily, the importing of an XML file to a table was not just as easy. In Oracle 10G XE, a similar situation exists: the exporting is done quite easily, whereas importing requires a few more considerations. This article considers, both loading and unloading an XML file into the database using Oracle 10G XE.
Exporting a table to an XML file in Oracle 10G XE
From Start–>All Programs–>Oracle database 10G Express edition–>Go to database home page… you can get to the login page for the HR database as shown in the next picture.
This opens up the HOME of the HR database as shown in the next picture.
Now click on the Utilities icon to open the next window as shown.
Now click on the Data Load/Unload icon to take us to the next step as shown.
Now click on TO XML to open the following wizard as shown.
{mospagebreak title=From Table to XML}
Here you choose a Schema HR and from the HR database choose a table, and then export it. You can save it to an XML file. It is as simple as that. There is no need to script any SQL statement. If you need to export a smaller number of columns in the table, the wizard allows you to do this as well. Now click on the Next button to open the next window. Click on the drop-down related to Table and from the drop-down list choose the Departments table as shown.
Click on the Next button to open the next window where you may choose the columns. We choose all the columns and also click on the Export as file check box.
Now click on Unload Data. This opens up the following message.
If you choose to save the file, it gives you the file name by which it is saved. The Desktop directory was chosen to save the file; it gets saved there.
Voila, you have an XML file which may be opened from the browser as shown. Nothing can be simpler than this.
If you did not choose to export and left the check box unchecked, it will unload the XML file to the browser right away as shown. The returned XML is a well formed XML document with a root element of ROWSET enclosing the ROW Elements. Each ROW element corresponds to a row in the table. The table name is not displayed except for its structure as found on the table.
At this point you may be interested in looking at the table structure to verify the XML against it as shown in the next picture.
{mospagebreak title=Importing an XML File into Oracle 10G XE}
Let us say we want to import an XML file as shown in the next picture. This XML file was generated by exporting a table from an MS Access application.
Simplifying the test further
The MS Access created file has Microsoft Namespace references, details of columns, and so forth. In this format the Load into Oracle will fail. From experience the XML document loading error messages in Oracle 10G XE do not give much help to the user. This help would have been very useful as the user does not know what to do next. Hence for this tutorial the following simplified procedure was used.
The idea is to create a table, export it as an XML document and try to load it to the same table with different data. The rest of the steps do show that this at least succeeds.
{mospagebreak title=Importing a simplified, contrived XML file}
The steps involved in importing are very similar to exporting, so we will pick up at the point where you are ready to import an XML as shown in the next picture.
Here we need to take a break, because we do not have a table into which this XML file can be imported. For XML data such as that shown above, how do we construct a table? We attempt to create a table named 'ARGENTINA' in Oracle 10G XE using the following script. We can test and verify in the SQL utility available.
When you try to export this table to an XML file you will see that, unless the table is populated, you cannot export the table.
The next picture shows an exported file after creating a row in the table.
Now we want to create an XML file and then load it into the ARGENTINA table in the HR database.
Here is the XML file used for this purpose. Only the CustomerID and KeyVal have been altered.
Now when you click on the Load button you will get the following message stating that the load succeeded.
Now you can see in the object Browser the contents of the ARGENTINA table as shown in the next picture.
Importing XML data into Oracle 10G XE is not as easy as exporting a table to XML formatted data. This same type of difficulty was experienced while importing XML into MS Access 2003. The error messages when importing fails provided by Oracle 10G XE are not very useful as they do not provide any clue. The reason for this difficulty in the case of Oracle appears to be related to the non-standard way XML data may be authored. When one follows the rules to produce Canonical XML the import is easy.


text:
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Ingredient Glossary
Table of Contents
Alternative Modalities
> Psychotherapy
Related terms
Related Terms
Acceptance and commitment therapy, art therapy, behavior therapy, behavioral medicine, biofeedback, body psychotherapy, brief therapy, CBT, client-centered therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive bibliotherapy, cognitive restructuring, cognitive therapy, common factors therapy, compliance therapy, counseling, CT, DBT, dialectical behavior therapy, existential psychotherapy, family therapy, forensic psychotherapy, gestalt therapy, group therapy, guided imagery, humanistic psychotherapy, hypnosis, hypnotherapy, internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, Jacobson's progressive relaxation therapy, Jungian analysis, Jungian therapy, marital therapy, mind/body medicine, MST, multi-systemic therapy, music therapy, narrative therapy, nondirective psychotherapy, personal therapy, play therapy, projective identification, psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic psychotherapy, psychodrama, psychodramatic psychotherapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy, psychoeducation, psychosynthesis, rational emotive behavior therapy, rational emotive therapy, relaxation therapy, sand tray therapy, schema-focused therapy, Schultz' autogenic training, sex therapy, solution-focused therapy, somatic psychotherapy, spirituality-focused psychotherapy, supportive-expressive group therapy, supportive psychotherapy, talk therapy, talking cure, telephone-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy, transcendental mediation, transference-focused psychotherapy, unconscious psychotherapy, visualization.
: Psychotherapy is sometimes used in combination with drugs or herbal medicine to help alleviate psychological symptoms. This monograph pertains primarily to psychotherapy as a modality in itself and does not evaluate related drugs or herbs. We do, however, note some circumstances where combined therapy is recommended or where psychotherapy should not be relied upon alone.
Psychotherapy is an interactive process between a person and a qualified mental health professional (psychiatrist, psychologist, clinical social worker, licensed counselor, or other trained practitioner). Its purpose is the exploration of thoughts, feelings, and behavior for the purpose problem solving or achieving higher levels of functioning.
Psychotherapists are bound by professional and legal standards of ethics, such as protecting the confidentiality of information provided by clients or patients, not engaging in inappropriate behavior with a client or patient, and protecting the safety of children by reporting suspected child abuse to legal authorities.
The generally acknowledged father of modern psychotherapy was Sigmund Freud, a neurologist in 1880s Vienna, Austria, who noted that some of his patients did not seem to have a physical cause for their symptoms. Freud became intrigued with the relationship between the mind and physical symptoms. In 1886, he opened an office for the practice of what he named "psychoanalysis," which incorporated dream interpretation, free association, and the three levels of consciousness: the
(primitive drives and impulses), the
(normal waking mental functioning), and the
(conscience, self-regulation of right and wrong).
Psychoanalytic theory is one of four major approaches to psychotherapy. The others are behavioral (primarily concerned with behavioral processes and outcomes), humanistic (focused on existential issues, meaning, and self-actualization), and transpersonal (focused on transcendent awareness and the spiritual dimensions of life). These four main approaches are blended in many different varieties of psychotherapy.
To define diagnoses and symptoms of mental disorders, the American Psychiatric Association published the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1952 with around 60 disorders. The DSM was last revised in 2000, creating the DSM-IV-TR. This is the standard reference used by psychotherapists and the healthcare system for defining and describing mental disorders and symptoms. The next revision of the DSM is scheduled for 2011 or later.
Psychotherapy is conducted in private individual, couple, group, or family sessions. Generally, sessions range from 50 minutes for individuals to 90 or 120 minutes for groups. The number of sessions varies widely depending on the problems being addressed and the context (outpatient, inpatient, payment source). "Brief therapy," the approach preferred by health insurance companies that cover mental health services, is generally defined as up to eight sessions. The opposite extreme, psychoanalysis, may be multiple times per week over several years.
The cost of a psychotherapy session depends on several factors, including the type of therapy, the education and experience of the therapist, and the geographical location. An hour of therapy may range from $5 or $10 an hour at a community or non-profit mental health center to over $200 an hour for a doctoral level practitioner in private practice.
People who have received professional training in psychotherapy include psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, clinical social workers, marriage and family counselors, and some pastoral counselors. A psychiatrist is a board-certified physician (M.D. or D.O.) with a four-year residency in psychiatry. Unlike other therapists, psychiatrists can prescribe medications. Clinical psychologists have at least a master's degree and usually a doctoral degree and are licensed by the state. Clinical social workers as well as marriage and family therapists/counselors have at least a master's degree and are licensed by the state. Some states have other designations for licensing purposes (e.g., mental health counselor or clinical professional counselor). In all cases, a license requires a number of hours of supervised experience beyond the professional degree, the passing of an exam, and periodic continuing education courses.
Pastoral counselors may have minimal to extensive training in psychotherapy. They may or may not be licensed by the state and practice under the auspices of being clergy.
Psychotherapists may have extensive training in a specific type of psychotherapy or multiple types. They may also specialize in working with a certain age group (children, adults, elderly) or with people with a certain type of problem (e.g., mental illness, coping with medical illness, marital and family relations, domestic violence or abuse, educational functioning, substance abuse).
Evidence Table
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider.
Psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapy may reduce depression associated with adjustment disorder.
Psychodynamic group therapy and cognitive-behavior group therapy may reduce aggression in male veterans with a history of committing assault.
Individual, group, and family therapy may help aggressive youth reduce the severity of anger problems.
Psychotherapy may improve outcome, prevent relapse, improve sexual and social adjustment, and encourage weight gain in patients with anorexia nervosa.
Family psychotherapy may slightly improve wheezing and thoracic gas volume for children with asthma.
Child-parent psychotherapy may improve quality of attachment (ability of young children to bond or interact appropriately) and social-emotional functioning of anxiously attached infants and toddlers of depressed mothers. Preventative psychotherapy for parents might reduce occurrence of impaired neurological development of very low birth weight, premature infants.
Psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, may help bulimics reduce binge eating, purging and relapse, and improve dietary restraint and attitudes towards body shape and weight. Prescription medication may be used with psychotherapy, but may not be as successful alone.
There is good evidence that psychotherapy can enhance cancer patients' quality of life by reducing emotional distress and aiding in coping with the stresses and challenges of cancer. Therapy may be supportive-expressive therapy, cognitive therapy, or group therapy. Studies conflict on whether therapy improves self-esteem, death anxiety, self-satisfaction, etc. While some patients seek psychotherapy in hopes of extending survival, there is no conclusive evidence on its effects on medical prognosis.
Hypnosis-based psychotherapy may improve the behavioral symptoms of patients with conversion disorder, motor type.
Group therapy may reduce the risk of postpartum depression in high-risk women. Psychotherapy plus standard antenatal care may reduce the occurrence of depression for up to three months. Interpersonal psychotherapy may be an effective method in treating antepartum and postpartum depression, particularly for women who are breastfeeding and cannot use pharmacotherapy.
Psychotherapy may help treat depressed adolescent patients. Cognitive behavior therapy may be more effective for depressed adolescents than other types of therapy.
Psychotherapy may be beneficial for patients with dysthymia (chronic low-grade depression). Group therapy may be as effective as individual therapy. However, in more severe cases, medication is also recommended.
Psychotherapy may help treat seniors with depression. In some cases, prescription anti-depressants with psychotherapy may be helpful.
A broad range of psychotherapies are effective for the treatment of depression, including behavior therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and interpersonal therapy. Brief dynamic therapy, marital therapy, and family therapy may work best, depending on the patient's problems and circumstances. Prescription medication may also be helpful for persistent, recurring depression.
Psychotherapy may be successful in treating mild to moderate depression. In more severe cases, psychotherapy is best accompanied by prescription medication.
Psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, may decrease the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Treatment may also include prescription medication.
Behavioral marital therapy and insight-oriented marital therapy may decrease marital distress. Marital therapy in conjunction with anti-depressants may also be helpful for depressed people.
Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapy used with prescription medications may lead to substantial improvement. However, a patient may still have moderate OCD symptoms, even following adequate treatment.
Psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, may help patients with panic disorder. Prescription medications may also be helpful in some cases.
Various forms of cognitive behavior therapy may be very helpful for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Group therapy may not be as effective as individual therapy.
Although group therapy may somewhat decrease pain in people with rheumatoid arthritis and depression, individual therapy coupled with anti-depressants may be more effective.
Although prescription medication is usually the best way to help patients with schizophrenia, psychotherapy, especially cognitive therapy, may greatly enhance coping, social skills training, social functioning, and quality of life, at the same time reducing psychotic relapse and re-hospitalization.
Women with post-traumatic stress symptoms related to childhood sexual abuse may decrease their symptoms slightly more with cognitive-behavioral therapy than present-centered therapy.
Psychotherapy may be helpful for children who are sexually abused. Group therapy and individual therapy may be equally effective, although individual therapy may address post-traumatic stress symptoms more effectively.
Psychotherapy may be very effective at reducing repeated attempts at suicide, suicidal thoughts, and depression. However, different mental illnesses may respond better or more quickly to a specific type of psychotherapy.
Several studies indicate that people who are overweight or obese may benefit from behavioral and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy in combination with diet and exercise.
Several studies indicate that psychotherapy in the elderly may improve psychological well-being and decrease self-rated depression, especially for those in individual therapy.
Psychotherapy, or a combination of psychotherapy and prescription medication, may help alcohol abuse patients prevent relapse, overcome withdrawal symptoms, and deal with underlying problems, depression, or anxiety.
Alexithymia, or the inability to express one's feelings, may influence the course of coronary heart disease (CHD). Educational sessions and group psychotherapy may decrease alexithymia and reduce cardiac events.
Children ages 8-15 who maintain active involvement in therapy may respond well to cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. More study is needed in this area.
Atopic dermatitis is a skin disease associated with an increased anxiety level. Psychotherapy may be helpful for atopic dermatitis patients with high levels of anxiety.
One small trial showed that psychotherapy may be more effective than either a bed-wetting alarm or rewards in terms of children failing or relapsing. In another study, psychotherapy and a placebo was just as effective as psychotherapy combined with piracetam and diphenylhydantoin, suggesting that psychotherapy may be used before drugs.
Prescription medication is the most effective treatment for bipolar disorder. Psychotherapy may help patients take their medication, prevent relapses, and reduce suicidal behavior.
Psychotherapy may help patients with borderline personality disorders. Both schema-focused therapy and transference-focused psychotherapy may be helpful psychotherapy techniques. These patients usually need one to three years of therapy before they begin to see clinical improvement.
Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy and cognitive remediation appear to lessen psychological distress and improve cognitive functioning among patients with traumatic brain injury. More study is warranted in this area.
Psychotherapy for patients with COPD may decrease anxiety and depression, but it does not seem to improve physical performance.
Child therapy may improve children's language proficiencies, and individual therapy may be more successful than group therapy. Further research in this area is needed.
Psychotherapy may not improve the course of Crohn's disease, although patients undergoing psychotherapy tended to have fewer operations and relapses. More research in this area is needed.
Telephone-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy may help treat depressed multiple sclerosis patients, although more study is needed in this area.
Psychotherapy may help treat substance-dependent depressed patients, but combining psychotherapy and prescription medication may be helpful in patients failing to respond to psychotherapy alone.
Psychotherapy may improve blood sugar control in teens and adults with poorly-controlled type I diabetes, especially if blood sugar problems are related to depression. However, more studies are needed to confirm this.
Cognitive behavior therapy may reduce depression and improve blood sugar level control in patients with type II diabetes. Therapy may be less effective in people with diabetes complications or poorly-controlled blood sugar levels. More studies are needed to make definitive recommendations.
Psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, may help patients stop drug use and reduce relapses. Combination treatment of psychotherapy and certain medications is sometimes more effective than psychotherapy alone. Group therapy may be more effective than individual therapy.
Short-term cognitive psychotherapy may not reduce the long-term recurrence of duodenal ulcers. More research is needed in this area.
Psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy therapy or cognitive psychotherapy may improve dyspepsia symptoms, both short- and long-term, in patients with mild to moderate dyspepsia, but further evaluation is required.
Supportive psychotherapy may reduce psychiatric symptoms of patients with emphysema. More research needs to be done in this area.
Individual, couples, or group psychotherapy may be helpful for men with erectile dysfunction. However, prescription medication may be needed to alleviate symptoms.
Psychotherapy may help patients deal with mourning and mental health issues associated with major grief. In severe cases, prescription medication may also be recommended in combination with psychotherapy with grief-related depression.
Psychotherapy, especially supportive psychotherapy, may reduce depression or coping in HIV-positive patients. It may also help with treating substance abuse when used in combination with prescription medicine. Supportive-expressive group therapy may also have concomitant improvements in CD4 cell count and viral load. More research is needed in this area, especially to determine the best type of psychotherapy.
Psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavior therapy, may improve pain-related functioning in people with HIV-related peripheral neuropathic pain. More research needs to be done in this area.
Group and individual/couple psychotherapy may reduce depression and anxiety associated with infertility. However, psychotherapy may not improve fertility rates. More and better-designed studies are needed in this area.
Psychotherapy may increase IBS patients' tolerance to rectal distension, improve health-related quality of life, and reduce stomach pain and diarrhea. Hypnotherapy may be more successful than other forms of psychotherapy in improving IBS symptoms. Medications for depression may also be helpful for depressed patients with IBS. More studies are needed in this area.
Although individual and group psychotherapy may decrease depression associated with a kidney transplant, individual therapy may be more effective than group therapy. More research needs to be done in this area.
There is conflicting evidence as to whether or not brief supportive-expressive group psychotherapy reduces psychological distress and medical symptoms and improves the quality of life of women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Further studies are needed to draw clear conclusions.
Psychotherapy, including group therapy and individual cognitive-behavioral therapy, may reduce major depression in multiple sclerosis patients and improve their quality of life. More research is needed to verify these preliminary results.
There is insufficient evidence to confirm the efficacy of psychological intervention in NUD.
Psychotherapy may reduce pain, including chronic pain, low back pain, and pain associated with pelvic congestion. In some cases, psychotherapy combined with medication may be more effective. More research needs to be done in this area.
Preliminary studies suggest that psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavior therapy may be more effective treatments of personality disorders than other forms of psychotherapy. Personality disorders are difficult to treat but may respond to psychotherapy with a well-trained clinician who specializes in this area.
Cognitive behavioral therapy involving exposure to phobic stimuli, and focused on changing phobic thinking, benefits many patients, both at the end of treatment and after treatment. Exposure-based therapies are the most successful for phobic disorders. Prescription medication may be used along with therapy. More studies are needed in this area.
Based on one study, cognitively oriented psychotherapy for early psychosis (COPE) showed no beneficial treatment effect over the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC). More study is needed to draw a firm conclusion.
Short-term psychotherapy for psychosomatic conditions may not be as effective as long-term. More research needs to be done to evaluate these approaches.
Psychotherapy may help seasonal affective disorder. Further study is needed to confirm early results.
Brief personal construct psychotherapy may be effective for people who self-harm and merits further exploration.
Several studies suggest that group therapy may be more effective than self-help for quitting smoking. However, there is not enough evidence to show that group therapy is as effective or cost-effective as intensive individual counseling. More research is needed to determine effectiveness.
Studies show mixed results about the efficacy of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy for depression following stroke. More research needs to be done in this area.
Supportive psychotherapy may or may not reduce the motor and vocal tics associated with Tourette's syndrome. More research needs to be done before recommendations can be made.
People with detrusor instability or sensory urgency may benefit from psychotherapy and reduce urgency, incontinence, and nighttime urination, but probably not overall frequency. More research is needed in this area.
Based on one study, brief psychotherapeutic approaches dos not help improve cognitive function and overall well-being in Alzheimer's disease patients. More studies are needed in this area.
Psychotherapy may not improve parenting, enhance academic achievement, or improve emotional adjustment for children ages 7-9 with ADHD. It is unclear whether psychotherapy will reduce the use of stimulants, such as methylphenidate, in these children. More studies are needed in this area.
Several studies suggest that patients with psychotic depression are probably not good candidates for psychotherapy and that medication remains the optimal treatment. More research is needed to determine how psychotherapy might be of benefit in psychotic depression.
* Key to grades
: Strong scientific evidence for this use
: Good scientific evidence for this use
: Unclear scientific evidence for this use
: Fair scientific evidence for this use (it may not work)
: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likley does not work)
Tradition / Theory
The below uses are based on tradition, scientific theories, or limited research. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. There may be other proposed uses that are not listed below.
Abuse/neglect, addiction (gambling, promiscuity, kleptomania), adolescent rebellion, affective disorder, aging, amnesia, anger, antisocial behavior, antisocial personality disorder, autism, cognitive disorders, communication disorder, death and dying, delirium, dementia, depersonalization disorder, dissociative disorder, dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder), dual diagnoses, eating disorders (coprophagia, eating feces), educational problems, empty nest syndrome, encopresis, episodic control disorder, exhibitionism, factitious disorder, fear, fetishism, hypertension (high blood pressure), hysteria, hypochondriasis, identity/self efficacy, impaired self image (body dysmorphic disorder), impulse control disorder, impulse problems, insomnia, malingering, mania, mental retardation, mood disorders, movement disorders (psychogenic), narcissistic personality disorder, narcolepsy, obsession, pain (complex regional pain syndrome), painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea), paranoia, paranoid personality disorder, paraphilias, pedophilia, premature ejaculation, psoriasis, pyromania, relationship problems, sadness, schizophrenia, sexual arousal, sexual disorders, sexual function in women, sleep disorders, somatization disorder, somatoform disorder, stress, substance-induced mood disorder, substance-induced psychotic disorder, substance-induced sexual dysfunction, tantrums, transvestism, trauma, trichotillomania, urogenitary disorders, violent and other antisocial behaviors, voyeurism.
Many complementary techniques are practiced by healthcare professionals with formal training, in accordance with the standards of national organizations. However, this is not universally the case, and adverse effects are possible. Due to limited research, in some cases only limited safety information is available.
Psychotherapy is not always sufficient to resolve mental or emotional conditions. Psychiatric medication is sometimes needed. The reluctance to seek and use appropriate medication may contribute to worsening of symptoms or increased risk for poor outcomes.
In order to be successful, psychotherapy requires considerable personal motivation and investment in the process. This includes consistent attendance and attention to treatment recommendations provided by the practitioner.
Not all therapists are sufficiently qualified to work with all problems. The client or patient should seek referrals from trusted sources and should also inquire of the practitioner's training and background before committing to work with a particular therapist.
Some forms of psychotherapy evoke strong emotional feelings and expression. This can be disturbing for people with serious mental illness or some medical conditions.
Psychotherapy may help with post-partum depression, but is not a substitute for medication, which may be needed in severe cases.
This information is based on a systematic review of scientific literature edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (
Barbato A, D'Avanzo B. Marital therapy for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 Apr 19;(2):CD004188.
Belanoff JK, Sund B, Koopman C, et al. A randomized trial of the efficacy of group therapy in changing viral load and CD4 counts in individuals living with HIV infection. Int J Psychiatry Med 2005;35(4):349-62.
Borkovec TD, Sibrava NJ. Problems with the use of placebo conditions in psychotherapy research, suggested alternatives, and some strategies for the pursuit of the placebo phenomenon. J Clin Psychol 4-12-2005;61(7):805-818.
Costa EM, Antonio R, Soares MB, et al. Psychodramatic psychotherapy combined with pharmacotherapy in major depressive disorder: an open and naturalistic study. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2006 Mar;28(1):40-3.
Cuijpers P, Brännmark JG, van Straten A. Psychological treatment of postpartum depression: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychol 2008 Jan;64(1):103-18.
Frank E, Kupfer DJ, Thase ME, et al. Two-year outcomes for interpersonal and social rhythm therapy in individuals with bipolar I disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005 Sep;62(9):996-1004.
Hunkeler EM, Katon W, Tang L, et al. Long term outcomes from the IMPACT randomised trial for depressed elderly patients in primary care. BMJ 2006 Feb 4;332(7536):259-63.
Jackson H, McGorry P, Edwards J, et al. A controlled trial of cognitively oriented psychotherapy for early psychosis (COPE) with four-year follow-up readmission data. Psychol Med 2005 Sep;35(9):1295-306.
Linehan MM, Comtois KA, Murray AM, et al. Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006 Jul;63(7):757-66.
Lipsitz JD, Gur M, Miller NL, et al. An open pilot study of interpersonal psychotherapy for panic disorder (IPT-PD). J Nerv Ment Dis 2006 Jun;194(6):440-5.
Margolin A, Avants SK, Arnold R. Acupuncture and spirituality-focused group therapy for the treatment of HIV-positive drug users: a preliminary study. J Psychoactive Drugs 2005 Dec;37(4):385-90.
Mohr DC, Hart SL, Julian L, et al. Telephone-administered psychotherapy for depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005 Sep;62(9):1007-14.
Stead LF, Lancaster T. Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation. Cochrane.Database Syst Rev 2005;(2):CD001007.
Wagner B, Knaevelsrud C, Maercker A. Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for complicated grief: a randomized controlled trial. Death Stud 2006 Jun;30(5):429-53.
Weisz JR, McCarty CA, Valeri SM. Effects of psychotherapy for depression in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 2006 Jan;132(1):132-49.
Interactions with Drugs
Psychotherapy is often accompanied by treatment with drugs to help reduce psychological symptoms. This requires supervision by a psychiatrist or physician, as the other mental health disciplines cannot prescribe drugs.
Drugs may reduce the need for psychotherapy. Effective psychotherapy may reduce the need for drugs, or may make lower doses, and hence fewer side effects, possible.
Drugs may interfere with the effectiveness of psychotherapy if mental functioning is impaired as a side effect of the drug. This applies to both psychiatric medications and medications for medical conditions.
Some forms of medication for medical conditions (prescription and over-the-counter) have psychological or emotional side effects such as anxiety, depression, impaired cognitive functioning, or impaired sleep. These problems may be better treated by modification of dosage of the medication rather than psychotherapy. Patients should speak with a doctor about side effects of medications and adjusting dosage to reduce side effects if possible.
Interactions with Herbs and Dietary Supplements
Certain herbs are reputed to be beneficial for mental health conditions (e.g., St. John's wort/hypericum for depression). When used properly, these may reduce the need for psychotherapy. However, herbs and prescription medications can interact and have adverse effects, including exaggerating or interfering with each other's effects. They should not be mixed without consultation with a qualified healthcare professional.
Like drugs, some herbs may also have psychological or emotional side effects. These may be better treated by reducing use of the herb rather than pursuing psychotherapy.
People interested in using herbs with psychotherapy should inform the therapist of this. Depending on the seriousness of the condition, referral to a psychiatrist may be recommended to monitor the use and effects of herbs and determine whether medication may be more appropriate.
Copyright © 2011 Natural Standard (
The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.
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Winnebago County Sheriff's Police
News Media Release
News Release Number
Information: SHOOTING
Date: 1-12-2014
Time: 9:00a.m.
Page of 1
On Saturday January 11, 2014 at approximately 7:30P.M. Winnebago County Sheriff's Deputies were sent to Swedish American Hospital in regards to two shooting victims.
Upon arrival they learned that two men with gunshot wounds had been transported to the hospital by friends.
Eric R. Lowry (20yrs old) was found to have a gunshot wound to the stomach.
Zackery A. Rouse (19yrs old) was found to have a gunshot wound to the lip.
The wounds do not appear to be life threatening.
The shooting took place at 3402 Azurite Pl.
Preliminary information indicates that the victims were in the residence with at least two other people when several males arrived and entered the house, at least one armed with a handgun.
A confrontation took place and shots were fired. The suspects fled and the victims were transported to the hospital. No arrests have been made.
Winnebago County Sheriff's Detectives are conducting the follow-up investigation.
Anyone with information is asked to call the Winnebago County Sheriff's Police (815/319-6300) or Crimestoppers (815/9637867).


text:
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We support you at every stage of the energy management life cycle. Our comprehensive energy management solutions will allow you to redirect resources back into your core business.
- Leadership in energy management solutions and services.
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- Truly scalable enterprise-wide energy management solutions – from the process level to the corporate level.
- A proven ability to integrate global environmental, economic, and social sustainability initiatives into one program.


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I'm reading through Brad McGehee's How to Be an Exceptional DBA and in chapter 4 he talks about having the right skill set. Brad starts right out of the gate talking about formal education. To be a DBA breaking in may be more difficult without a computer-related four year degree, but it can be done. One of the things Brad talks about is that he knows quite a few DBAs who don't have a traditional computer science or information technology degree. I'm one of those. My degrees are in physics and mathematics. And while that may be considered closer than say anthropology or theology, the fact of the matter is that even a computer science degree doesn't strictly prepare one to be DBA.
However, the facts don't lie. Statistics published by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that the trend is towards more jobs requiring at least a four year college degree. As a junior high youth minister, these types of facts are of interest to me, because one of the things I want to make sure of is that my junior high schoolers know this sort of information so they'll be able to make good choices in high school and hopefully later on in college. If you look at the bottom of page 4, you can see that while the education cluster of "some college" doesn't change in projections from 2006 to 2016, the other two categories do. The number of jobs for high school graduates or less is expected to drop by 1.1% and that number ends up going to bachelor's degree or above. When you consider new jobs as well, though, it swings a bit more in favor of the college degree.
Then I weigh in the experience some of my colleagues without a college degree have had. In a couple of cases, they weren't hired because they missed that "checklist" item. In a couple of other cases, while they were gainfully employed, they were offered a smaller salary because they didn't have the degree. I know of one case where the difference was several thousand dollars a year. So putting these types of situations together with the projections, what can we say? Well, we can't say that you have to have a degree. But what we can say is that if you don't have a degree, it'll be harder, simply because it'll be harder in general. And even if one does get the job, not having the degree may cost one a tangible amount in actual salary.
So if you don't have a four year degree, should you care? I look at a degree much like I do certification: having it can help, but not having it doesn't automatically mean you fail. With that said, I know a couple of friends who, in their thirties, have embarked on the quest to complete their bachelor's degree. While they may be very good at what they do, they want the degree. It may not be for the job. It may be completely for them, to say they accomplished it. And I think that's a better attitude than believing you have to have the degree. If you're doing it for you, the classes mean more to you and you put more into them. When you're just trying to get through them to get the sheepskin, then you do enough to get the grade you want, but the class itself isn't very meaningful. I learned that especially as a dual major once I chose to take coursework outside of my majors. These were classes I wanted to take because I was interested in the subject, not classes I was required to take to complete one of my majors. And I found that I was more willing to put in the time to learn the material. Case in point: I think my favorite class after four years of college was abnormal psychology. Closely on its heels was cognitive psychology. Neither of those were required for graduation. So I lean more towards they why. Why are you doing it? That should be taken into serious consideration before beginning the journey to complete a college degree, whether at the bachelor's level or higher.


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AVG AntiVirus 2013 is the commercial version of the company's malware hunter, which includes everything you'd expect from an antivirus tool, and then throws in plenty of extras for good measure.
The first change you'll see is the new and very Windows 8-like interface. Plain green tiles on a dark background organise its functions into four main categories: "Computer", "Web Browsing", "Identity" and "E-mails". Separate buttons allow you to launch scans or updates with a single click, and an Options menu provides easy access to anything else you might need: it's all very straightforward (and now Windows 8-compatible, too).
And the second change should be an increase in scanning performance, as in our tests the program proved to be very fast indeed. This doesn't apply quite so much to the first optimisation scan, which on our trial PC took 8:20 to scan around 680,000 objects. But subsequent Whole Computer scans then took on average only 1:20, a very acceptable time.
This extra speed doesn't seem to have involved any compromise in accuracy, though. Our tests showed AVG AntiVirus 2013 had a marginally better detection rate than the previous engine. And the program is a little more lightweight, too, although still uses more RAM than we would like (typically 40-60MB, and briefly more when scanning).
Beyond the core antivirus features, the program also installs AVG's toolbar (it's IE, Firefox and Chrome-compatible) to help detect malicious sites while you're browsing. Although if you don't like toolbars, no problem - just choose the Custom Install option when installing AVG AntiVirus and you'll have the option to leave this out.
And elsewhere, an Email module examines incoming messages for threats; Identity Protection monitors program behaviour and blocks actions which could lead to identity theft; and there's easier access to mobile protection in the form of AVG's free Android antivirus app (click "More from AVG" for links to that, and several other AVG apps).
But why choose the commercial version when you could opt for AVG Free? The key advantage is download protection. AVG Antivirus 2013 checks the files you download (or share via instant messaging) against both its own scanning engine and the LinkScanner. You also get priority technical support and more frequent updates, so if you're looking for the maximum protection then AVG Antivirus 2013 could be worth the cost.
AVG AntiVirus 2013 is a quality antivirus tool which shows solid progress on the previous build, being faster, more accurate and lightweight than before.


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Tuesday, February 1, 2011
We moved this last summer and with moving comes new design opportunities (and challenges). I love the excuse of getting to do something new, I guess that's a good part of moving. I am making over my kitchen completely, and so far I love it! Since we're in a rental, changing light fixtures, cabinetry and flooring isn't an option...but I am so happy that our new place is really nice and up to date, that helps a lot.
I've painted my table and chairs. L-O-V-E! I have a problem with aqua, I have it everywhere. I decided to paint the table a really soft blue and the chairs white. I kinda adore it. Only time will tell how it holds up, I hope it does okay though!!
And new window treatments. I've obviously decided to go with aqua and red, and really if I'm going to be bold and cheery, the kitchen is the place to do it! (Right??) I've ended my two and a half year stand-off with the color red and have welcomed it back into my life with open arms! :) I think we'll get along this time.
I've been considering adding a giant piece of red ric-rac along the bottom, what do you think? I'm currently working on a clock for the space and soon a table runner and maybe a quilted wall hanging? So I'm ambitious, but I'm hoping to fit things in here and there and get it all "done" in the next month or so.
And a sneak peek at some new projects:
This is all part of a new baby pattern that I'm finishing up writing and will be available in our shop soon. It's not a quilt which is new for us, but I think it will be really fun and useful. Just looking at all those happy baby fabrics makes me smile :)
Thanks so much for stopping by!
Make sure to check out my linky parties for other fun things, I'll be linking up! And of course, make sure to share your own fabric project at Quilt Story.
9 comments:
- SewSara said...
you were having a stand-off with RED?! i almost feel like i should be insulted. how dare you!? ;)
but wow i loooooooooove the window valance (did i give you those red/aqua dots?) and the table/chair looks awesome.
can't wait to see all the cute baby stuff!!
- February 1, 2011 at 1:52 AM
- Kate said...
Love the all the fabrics, can't wait to see what you're doing with them!
- February 1, 2011 at 6:24 AM
- Quiltstory said...
Love! I haven't ended my stand off with red just yet, but I just might. Your table looks white in the photo, and the chairs look like a soft pink (on my computer at least.) Love the valance, and can't wait for the upcoming projects!
- February 1, 2011 at 9:25 AM
Wow, you've been busy! Loved the sneak peek!
- February 1, 2011 at 9:29 AM
- ~The Bargain Babe said...
Can't wait to see the new stuff. I love those fabrics.
- February 1, 2011 at 5:19 PM
- MessyMissy said...
Love the elephant pattern. Can't wait to see what it's all about!!
- February 2, 2011 at 9:17 AM
Very fun baby projects love the textures you have going on there!
- February 17, 2011 at 8:34 PM
- the Material Girls Quilts said...
You guys are so cute!! Can't wait to see what you come up with for Market!
- March 6, 2011 at 9:49 PM
- Lolly Jane said...
Oh that carseat cover sneak peek looks to-die-for CUTE! :)
- March 31, 2011 at 8:57 AM