text:
Sylvester II, also spelled Silvester, original name Gerbert Of Aurillac, (born c. 945, near Aurillac, Auvergne, Fr.—died May 12, 1003, Rome), French head of the Roman Catholic church (999–1003), renowned for his scholarly achievements, his advances in education, and his shrewd political judgment. He was the first Frenchman to become pope.
Early life and clerical career
Gerbert was born of humble parentage near Aurillac in the ancient French province of Auvergne. He was trained at Saint-Gerald in grammar, arithmetic, and music under the tutelage of Raymond Lavaur, who later became abbot of Aurillac, where Gerbert probably became a monk.
Gerbert was taken to Spain in 967 by Count Borrell of Barcelona and remained there three years. At the monastery of Santa María de Ripoll, which was noted for its fine library, he studied the quadrivium (the higher division of the liberal arts, which includes music, arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy) under Bishop Atto of Vich.
In 970 Gerbert accompanied Borrell to Rome, where his mathematical knowledge delighted the schismatic pope John XIII, who presented him to the Holy Roman emperor Otto I. Gerbert was then entrusted with his first royal pupil, Otto II. Lively Socratic discussions, however, convinced Gerbert that he lacked training in logic, and, when a skilled logician, Archdeacon Gerann of Reims, visited Rome, Gerbert gained permission to study in Reims under Gerann's tutelage.
Logic and dialectic so captivated Gerbert that, after being invited by Adalbero (who later ordained him) to teach at the cathedral school, he became famous for reorganizing logical and dialectical studies. Gradually, he eliminated simpler logical works and added monographs on logic by Boethius, an early 6th-century Roman philosopher.
Gerbert's fame aroused the jealousy of Otric, master of the cathedral school at Magdeburg in Saxony (presently in Germany), who denounced Gerbert to Emperor Otto II. In December 980 Otto provoked a debate in Ravenna between Gerbert and Otric on the subject of classifying knowledge. The vehement argument that resulted was terminated only when the Emperor intervened.
Otto subsequently gave Gerbert the headship of the wealthy monastery of St. Columban of Bobbio (southwest of Piacenza, Italy), and Benedict VII consecrated him abbot of the monastery. Gerbert, however, was inexperienced in administration and unfamiliar with the land law in the region of Lombardy. As a result he encountered violent hostility from monks, clerics, and nobles, who possessed much of Bobbio's extensive property through long-term civil-law land leases and refused to make contractual payments or supply troops demanded by Otto. Some even stole the abbey's agricultural products. Within Otto's palace in Pavia (west of Piacenza), nobles plotted against Gerbert and even against Otto himself.
Rebellion followed Otto's death (December 983), forcing Gerbert to flee from Bobbio and hasten to Reims. He travelled and wrote urgent letters to arouse Germans, Belgians, and Lorrainers against Henry II the Quarrelsome, duke of Bavaria, who was plotting to become king by seizing the three-year-old king Otto III. Gerbert resumed teaching at Reims but he really longed to be summoned to the imperial court.
After the deaths of the last Carolingian kings (Lothar in 986 and Louis V in 987), Adalbero and Gerbert influenced the nobles to elect Duke Hugh Capet king against the claims of the remaining Carolingian, Duke Charles of Lorraine. As Hugh's secretary and adviser, Gerbert became involved in Hugh's resistance to Charles's attempt to dethrone him. Before Adalbero died, in January 989, he indicated Gerbert as his successor, but Hugh unwisely chose Arnulf, an illegitimate son of King Lothar. In September Arnulf betrayed Reims to Charles, his uncle, who forced Gerbert to remain in the city. After eight months Gerbert managed to escape to Hugh's court, where he was falsely accused of having been the leader in "enormous crimes" of collaboration with Duke Charles.
In June 990 the bishops and Hugh appealed to Pope John XV to condemn and depose Arnulf and to approve their consecration of a new archbishop. After Hugh captured Charles and Arnulf in March 991, a council at Saint-Basle de Verzy, near Reims, degraded Arnulf. Gerbert was elected archbishop and soon became embroiled in controversies with the papacy. He administered his ecclesiastical duties capably, but the clergy's confidence in the legality of his election decreased. When a newly appointed bishop refused to be consecrated by him and instead travelled to distant Rome for consecration by the Pope, Gerbert hastened to Rome to defend the legitimacy of his election. In the meantime, however, Pope John had died, and Gerbert was heard by John's successor, Gregory V, who rejected Gerbert's plea for support.
Returning north through Pavia, he met Otto III, then 16 and recently crowned emperor. Gerbert's witty intelligence charmed Otto, who immediately made use of his talents for writing letters. They parted reluctantly after Aug. 5, 996. In January 997 a council declared that all bishops involved in Arnulf 's deposition were removed from office. By April Gerbert, no longer tolerating the clergy's acceptance of these decrees, left Reims for Otto's court in Aachen (in modern Germany), never to return to France.
He became a teacher again and a musician in Otto's chapel; he also travelled with Otto to Magdeburg, where he displayed his inventiveness by constructing a timepiece (horologium). In October he followed Otto to Italy, where Otto had him appointed (c. April 998) archbishop of Ravenna, an important city for Otto's control over Italy. Gerbert instigated a new agricultural policy in Italy by having Bobbio's frustrating long-term leases quashed and restricting future leases to the lifetime of the grantor abbot or bishop; this was, perhaps, the most important legislation enacted for Italy during the reign of Otto.
Within a year after Gerbert took over the see of Ravenna, Gregory V died, and Otto was able to choose Gerbert as Gregory's successor. He was consecrated—the first Frenchman to be elevated to the throne of Peter—on April 9, 999, and took the name Sylvester II, declaring his cooperation with Otto's ideal of a renewed Christian Roman Empire.
Their unanimity is shown by numerous documents issued by papal and imperial chanceries that use similar terms. Each appeared as intercessor for a petitioner in documents of the other and also participated in councils of the other. The two men disagreed on only one important political decision, the crowning of Duke Bolesław as king of Poland. Sylvester permitted establishment of Gniezno as an archbishopric independent of the German hierarchy but refused Otto III's desire to elevate Bolesław to kingship. Sylvester did agree, however, to create Stephen king of Hungary and to erect an independent archbishopric there. Otto's sudden death, on Jan. 23, 1002, terminated their close cooperation.
To extend papal influence, Sylvester communicated with Vladimir I, the grand prince of Kiev and first Christian ruler of what became Russia; demanded that King Olaf I Tryggvason of Norway, who made Christianity the official religion of the country, abandon the use of runic writing; sent ambassadors to Dalmatia (on the Adriatic coast of the Balkans); reprimanded the Doge of Venice and the Patriarch of Grado (on the northeastern coast of Italy) for the Venetian clergy's loose morals; held semi-annual general councils; and restored Arnulf to the Reims archbishopric, ending the divisive Reims controversy. He granted Poland its first archbishop (in 1000), and he denounced simony (the buying and selling of ecclesiastical offices) and nepotism and demanded celibacy. Bishops and nobles often exerted authority over wealthy abbeys; the abbeys thus petitioned Sylvester to free them from all exterior control except that of the papacy. Included in their request was the important right to elect their own abbots. Sylvester's acquiescence reduced the power of the bishops and increased that of the pope. To strengthen the papacy still further, Sylvester began its feudalization by enfeoffing Count Daiferio of Terracina in return for military service.
Sylvester died in 1003, and immediately legends about his great learning surfaced, revealing the impression he made on contemporaries. Some attributed his learning to magical arts learned in Spain, some to the devil's coaching, some to an artificial head that answered his questions.
Gerbert was a great scholar, and he was also a good teacher and devised several practical means for learning: a chart for learning rhetoric; his writing about the abacus, which became the basic work on the subject and included the use of Hindu-Arabic numerals, which he had learned in Spain; celestial globes; a hemisphere for learning the imaginary celestial circles; and auxiliary spheres, one for identifying constellations and another with planetary orbits. He acquired an astrolabe and wrote about its uses. He prepared a work on geometry that attempted to fill the gap caused by the existence of a fragmentary Euclid and that included writings by the Roman surveyors. He had an extraordinary knowledge of music and seems to have constructed several organs and also a monochord for studying music theory. His philosophical tract De rationali et de ratione uti ("Concerning the Rational and the Use of Reason") emphasized problems of definition and classification of knowledge.
Gerbert was an avid collector of manuscripts, which he kept locked in four or five chests; only three of these manuscripts have been identified. He also kept copies of his letters, which were written in good Latin; his original collection has disappeared, but two copies have survived. Only one contemporary biography exists: a work written by Richer of Saint-Rémy, who believed that Gerbert was sent to Reims "by the Divinity Itself." (This account was discovered only in modern times, in the cathedral library in Bamberg, Ger.) Thus for a long time even learned men relied on legends for knowledge of Gerbert.
Eventually, however, scholars discovered and published critical editions of his writings that dispelled many of the fables that had accumulated around him.
Gerbert remains the dominating figure of the late 10th century for modern scholars, who are concerned especially with more precise dating of his letters and a more detailed understanding of his political roles, his teaching (especially in logic, dialectic, mathematics, and astronomy), his transmission of Arabic learning, his relations with Otto III, his papacy, and his influence on later ages.Harriet Pratt Lattin
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
Germany: The Ottonian conquest of Italy and the imperial crown…pope, who took the name Sylvester II in imitation of Constantine's pope; in Otto's efforts to expand the empire (
seeResearcher's Note: Holy Roman Empire) and Christendom to the east; and in his discovery, with its apocalyptic overtones, of the tomb of Charlemagne in the year 1000. His premature death…
education: Influences of the Carolingian renaissance abroad…his later election as Pope Sylvester II. The first half of the 11th century contained the first glimmerings of a rediscovered dialectic. A new stage in the history of teaching was beginning.…
Italy: The Ottonian system…of Bobbio and later Pope Sylvester II (999–1003), served as principal adviser and tutor of the young king, whose mother, Theophano, controlled the regency until her death in 991. Otto's grandmother, Adelaide, still an indomitable figure, then served as regent until he assumed power in 994. Despite his youth, Otto…
mathematics: European mathematics during the Middle Ages and Renaissance…Gerbert of Aurillac, later Pope Sylvester II, introduced a type of abacus in which numbers were represented by stones bearing Arabic numerals. Such novelties were known to very few.…
FranceFrance, country of northwestern Europe. Historically and culturally among the most important nations in the Western world, France has also played a highly significant role in international affairs, with former colonies in every corner of the globe. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean and the…
More About Sylvester II6 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- European mathematics
- Roman Catholic history
- teaching
history of
- Germany
- Hungary
- Italy


text:
It's a "Life of Pi"-style story of survival: After going adrift during a fishing trip, a bedraggled man clambered ashore on the Marshall Islands last week, having traveled the Pacific Ocean for 13 months and 5,500 miles. The castaway -- bloated, in torn underwear and barely able to remember his name -- told rescuers he ate raw fish, seabirds and turtles to keep himself alive.
That's the tale given by Jose Salvador Alvarenga after he washed up on the remote Ebon atoll on Thursday. The El Salvador native told officials he and another fisherman left Mexico in December 2012, but their 24-foot boat lost power and a storm swept it out into the Pacific. His teenaged companion died four months later, leaving him alone to face the ordeal, the 37-year-old said.
"I only knew the sun and the night," Alvarenga told the Telegraph in an interview. "I never saw land. Pure ocean, pure ocean. It was very placid -- only two days with big waves."
The castaway is in hospital right now, but is reportedly in remarkable condition, given his diet and reliance on turtle blood and rainwater to drink.
"Other than some swollen ankles, his overall condition is OK," a local official said. "According to doctors, his immune system is weak, but not as weak as we expected."
Is it too good a story to be true? Giving his account, the castaway contradicted himself – at first, he said his name was Jose Ivan, for instance. That, and the sheer incredibility of staying alive against such odds, led some to skepticism.
"It does sound like an incredible story, and I'm not sure if I believe it," said Gee Bing, the Marshall Islands acting secretary of foreign affairs, the Independent reported. "When we saw him, he was not really thin compared to other survivors in the past. I may have some doubts."
"It's hard to buy," the islands' police chief, George Lanwi, said more succinctly to NBC News.
But there's evidence to back Alvarenga's claim. Officials in Chiapas have confirmed a boat and two fishermen were reported missing out of Costa Azul -- the port mentioned by the castaway -- at around the right time, according to the Guardian. The companion in the filing is called Ezequiel, the name given by Alvarenga.
Plus, Pacific currents could feasibly carry a sea craft from Mexico to the Marshalls in a year or so, according to oceanographers. In 2006, rescuers found three Mexican fisherman off the archipelago, who'd been at sea for nine months.
"It's hard to imagine how someone might arrive on Ebon out of the blue," Tom Armbruster, U.S. ambassador to the islands, told reporters.
Now, though, all Alvarenga wants to do is go home -- but not in El Salvador, where his family already believed him dead, after not hearing from him for eight years. "I want to get back to Mexico," he said.
-- Karen Friar
Follow Karen on @Karen_Friar
More must-reads from MarketWatch:
Microsoft picks Nadella to be chief executive
Apple quietly builds out networks for online future

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Available Feeds
APC RSS Feeds
Really Simple Syndication (RSS) is a XML format designed for sharing news and information.
In order to read the feeds, you will need a program called an aggregator (or feed reader). To subscribe to a feed, simply right-click the related RSS graphic and click "Copy Link Location" or "Copy Shortcut." Then, paste the URL into your RSS reader.
Latest News
Product Information
View All White Papers
White Papers by ApplicationDatacenters/Facilities
Access Provider Networks
Business Networks
Home/Home Networks
We use cookies to provide you with a better onsite experience. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies in accordance with our Cookie Policy.OK


text:
Showing the single result
Square scarf "Cherry blossom"
Still have questions? Email:email@example.com
Call center operation mode:Mon-Sat.. 08:00 - 22:00
Магазины Киев:
Магазин Львов:
Магазин Ивано-Франковск:
ONLINE STORES DEVELOPMENT КОМПАНИЯ TemposWEB
Order number №#
Our manager will contact you.
The cost of delivery to your region can be seen and selected when placing an order in the basket. If the item does not fit you, you can make a refund or exchange.
You can use the service
We are ready to help you with urgent delivery within 1-2 hours in Kiev and its suburbs. The recipient pays the cost of a taxi.
If you didn't fit or didn't like the item, we'll be happy to replace the size or color of the item you chose, or get your money back promptly.
When buying online, the refund is made to the number of your Visa or Mastercard card within 5 working days from the moment the product is received at the OLIZ office, provided that it remains in its original presentation.
When buying offline in our stores, a refund takes place at the place of purchase.
You can book your desired model and pick up in our stores at the following addresses:
Kreschatik 13/2, st. Bolshaya Vasilkovskaya 6 (Folkmart store)
Mikhailovskaya str. 21a (boutique "Otaman")
21/13 Reitarskaya St. (Styleinsider store)
Drahomirov St. 16 (Mirroom showroom).
Our courier service will adapt to your schedule and bring the order for fitting at the desired time. If the item doesn't fit, just give it to the courier and wish a good day.
Delivery and Fitting in Ukraine for FREE!


text:
- We take care of the customer
- Top-quality Services
- Special Offers
- Top-notch Services!
We make sure you recognize just what can be expected
With regards to Glass Shower Enclosures in Clifton Park, NY, you should be kept informed to make the best judgments. We will make sure that you know what should be expected. That's the reason we make every effort to ensure that you are aware of the project and aren't facing any unexpected situations. Step one will be to contact us by dialing 888-664-6567 to begin your work. In this call, you're going to get all your questions resolved, and we will arrange a time to get started with services. We always get there at the arranged hour, all set to work closely with you.
Whenever you need Glass Shower Enclosures in Clifton Park, Wyoming, call Glass Shower Enclosure Guys
Whenever you are thinking about a process regarding Glass Shower Enclosures in Clifton Park, NY, you will find reasons to work with Glass Shower Enclosure Guys. We are your best option when you really need the best cash saving options, the finest materials, and the greatest rate of customer care. We understand your requirements and ambitions, and we're here to serve you with our practical experience. Contact 888-664-6567 to reach Glass Shower Enclosure Guys and review all your needs about Glass Shower Enclosures in Clifton Park.


text: QIAGEN technologies for NGS of DNA take the workflow all the way from sample collection, through target enrichment and library construction, to sequencing, annotation, and interpretation of data. NGS tools have the flexibility to integrate with any sequencing platform. Alzheimer's disease gene and mutation discovery will lead the way to a new era of disease screening, and add to the knowledge on the causes of neurodegeneration.


text:
Israel News - Stay Informed, Pray Informed
A number of European Union parliamentarians and at least one head of a leading European trade union have openly rejected the continent's recent decision to boycott Israeli "settler goods" and ban deals with Jewish businesses with a presence in Judea and Samaria (the so-called "West Bank").
In July, EU foreign policy chief Catheron Ashton announced new policy guidelines to go into effect on January 1, 2014 that would effectively end all business dealings with Israeli companies that maintained any kind of presence in what are often referred to as the "Jewish settlements."
On Wednesday, a group of 27 EU parliament members sent a letter to Ashton urging her and the European Commission to rethink that decision.
The lawmakers said Ashton must "take all the necessary steps to withdraw the commission guidelines or, at the very least, to come to terms with the government of Israel to ensure that their implementation will reflect the deep bilateral relations between the European Union and Israel and would by no means harm them."
Israel responded angrily to the new EU guidelines, accusing Europe of trying to prejudge the outcome of the peace process. Ostensibly, the Israeli-Palestinian peace process is supposed to decide the future of Judea and Samaria via bilateral negotiations. But, the Palestinians, Europe and America already refer to the entire area as "Palestinian territories," nullifying legal and historical Jewish claims to the biblical heartland.
In addition to the brave showing by the above parliamentarians, German trade union leader Michael Sommer on Sunday said he would take on anyone who tried to boycott Israeli goods, regardless of their origin.
"As long as I am head of this organization, there will never be a resolution that says 'Don't buy from Jews,'" Sommer declared during the third annual German-Israel Congress in Berlin.
Despite the backlash, an informal boycott is already being practiced by many in Europe. You can help fight back, to turn the boycott into a BUY-COTT! Visit our anti-boycott page now >>
Want more news from Israel?
Click Here to sign up for our FREE daily email updates
For Information & Reservations:
E-Mail: email@example.com
Israel Today
Free to Your Inbox


text:
Letter to the House of Representatives on Employee Free Choice Act
February 28, 2007
Dear Representative:
On behalf of the National Education Association's (NEA) 3.2 million members, we urge your support for the Employee Free Choice Act, scheduled for floor consideration this week. Votes associated with this issue may be included in the NEA Legislative Report Card for the 110th Congress.
America' s labor unions have led the fight for working families, winning protections such as the 8-hour day and the 40-hour week, overtime rights, and access to health care and retirement security. Today, the fight continues both to retain these vital rights and to ensure a fair minimum wage, and a safe and healthy workplace.
Unfortunately, anti-union forces continue to thwart workers' rights to organize by using strong-arm tactics such as threats and intimidation. Every year, over 20,000 workers are illegally fired or discriminated against for exercising their labor rights. In at least one-quarter of all organizing efforts, an employer illegally fires a worker for supporting the union.
The Employee Free Choice Act recognizes that our nation's workers deserve better. By protecting the right of workers to choose a union, the Employee Free Choice Act would help level the playing field for employees and would help ensure every worker the ability to succeed in today's economy.
We urge your support for this important legislation.
Reg Weaver, President
National Education Association


text:
Morocco: Before the Protectorate, Under the Protectorate, Failure of the Protectorate
Office of Documents and Information, World Muslim Conference, 1951 - Morocco - 152 pages
From inside the book
25 pages matching Article in this book
Where's the rest of this book?
Results 1-3 of 25
What people are saying - Write a review
We haven't found any reviews in the usual places.
Moroccos Special Contribution to Civilisation
Organisation of the Moroccan Empire
6 other sections not shown
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
according affairs agreement agricultural Allal Al-Fassi Almohades Almoravids Andalusia Arab Article Berber Budget Caids capital equipment Casablanca century civilisation colonial concerned Convention Dahir declared diplomatic Directorate dynasty economic established European fact force foreign France freedom French Administration French authorities French Government French Republic Government Council Grand Vizier hectares history of Morocco Imperial imprisoned independence industrial influence institutions Islam Istiqlal judicial Juin Justice legislation Lyautey Majesty the Sultan Makhzen Marrakesh Meknes ment military million Minister Moroccan franc Moroccan Government Moroccan National Moroccan population Moroccan workers Morocco Moslem Mulay Ismail native officials organisation Palace Party Pashas and Caids political present principle protected Protectorate Protectorate regime Protectorate Treaty pupils Rabat reforms region representatives Resident-General Saydian schools Sherifian Empire Sherifian Government Sherifian Majesty social Sovereign sovereignty Spain Tangier territory tertib tion trade Treaty of Fez tribes Ulemas


text:
Or Login using BecomeGorgeous
Please fill the form below and follow the further instructions.
You are about to receive a email from us please make sure to check your spam or junk folder and add our email [email protected] to your contact list.
Thank you!
Katy Perry looks gorgeously blue on Teen Vogue's May 2012 cover in a Zac Posen gown and her fab cobalt locks. The famous 27-year-old songstress chats with the magazine about fame, friendship, fashion, future, and 'Katy Perry: Part of Me,' a documentary that reveals the incredible performances and behind-the-scenes drama of her California Dreams tour. "One of my main reasons for doing this is that people think of me as though I'm Dorothy in the ruby slippers," she says. "I want them to see everything else that's involved. Yes, I am he... Read More


text:
Supporting Mediterranean culture
The Marc de Montalembert Foundation aims to promote cultural understanding among the young generations and encourage intercultural dialogue in the Mediterranean world. Every year, the Foundation gives out a grant to young people from the Mediterranean region to implement intercultural projects.
Can you apply?
Yes, if you are under 30 years old, from a Mediterranean country and want to implement an original intercultural project that is in line with your vocational choices. To apply, you should propose a study project in the cultural field of your choice.
How to apply?
The call for applications opens every year on the 1st of October and you should apply by the 31st of December. Keep in mind that application forms must be requested by the 15th of December. If you are awarded the grant, you will be invited to receive it in Rhodes on the 25th of April.
You will have one year to report on the knowledge and experience you acquired during the entirety of your project. This can be written or expressed in any publishable and distributable form. You can even stay up to six months in the Foundation's base in Rhodes to prepare this work.
Background information
From 1994 to 2012 twenty-one projects from different fields have been awarded the grant, related to writing, architecture, singing, photography, music, ethnography and art history.
In 2010, the Foundation began awarding the Marc de Montalembert Prize, in association with the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art in Paris. Every year, this prize is awarded to a young Mediterranean scholar for research on the history of art in the region.
Published: Wed, 13/03/2013 - 15:11
Related links
Info for young people in the western balkans


text:
The Angry Birds addiction is now overflowing towards the Angry Birds merchandise. There is a variety of merchandise up for grabs at the Angry Bird store and elsewhere. Here is a list of some cool and great Angry Bird merchandise available at the online store.
Laptop and iPhone Skin
Plush Toys
Shoulder Bags
Green Shoulder Bag and Black Shoulder Bag
Key chain
Blue Key chain Collection and 3D Key chain
Red Flip-flops and Green Flip-flops
iPod Case and iPhone Case


text:
2015 Gilroy Garlic Festival
Gilroy Garlic Festival Association, Inc.
Friday, July 24, 2015 at 10:00 AM - Sunday, July 26, 2015 at 7:00 PM (PDT)
For more information please visit:
July 24, 25 & 26, 2015
Festival open from 10:00am to 7:00pm (gates close at 6:00pm)
Watch for the electronic signs on Hwy 101 or 152, as you enter Gilroy. Follow the signs and watch for traffic control officers on roadways. As you approach Gilroy DO NOT use your GPS to navigate to the Festival grounds as nearby streets are blocked off. All traffic is directed to festival parking lot.
Discount online tickets available June 1st, 2015 until July 26, 2015 at noon.
Regular ticket prices at the gate:
• Adults (ages 13-59) - $20.00
• Child/Senior (ages 6-12 and 60+) - $10.00
• Children under 6 admitted free with an adult
• Gourmet Alley Combo Plate - $15.00.
Gourmet Alley Combo Plate 1: ½ Peppersteak Sandwich, Calamari, Pasta con Pesto, Garlic Bread.
Gourmet Alley Combo Plate 2: ½ Sausage Sandwich, Scampi, Mushrooms, Garlic Bread.
Combo Plate choice is made at the Festival.
The admission price includes parking, musical entertainment, cooking demonstrations, and a children's area. Food and beverages may be purchased from Gourmet Alley or the vendors. Prices range from $2 to $15 or more depending on the item, which is typically a full-size serving, not a sample.
There are no refunds or exchanges for Gilroy Garlic Festival tickets purchased online. All sales are final.
The Festival is held in a park. It is all outdoors with mostly turf and some compact dirt and asphalt walkways. There are natural shade trees, and many shade tents with tables and benches.
Shirt and shoes are required.
Christmas Hill Park rules prohibit bringing the following items on Festival grounds:
Please be advised that the City of Gilroy park rules prohibit dogs and other animals from being brought into the park, except Service Dogs.
The Gilroy Garlic Festival is a celebration of food, fun and family. It is the Garlic Festival's policy to provide a safe, family-friendly atmosphere for all Festival patrons and volunteers. Therefore, the Garlic Festival refuses entry or admission to anyone wearing clothing or paraphernalia indicating or signifying membership in a gang, including a motorcycle club. This policy is applied equally to all persons, regardless of their sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, disability or medical condition.
Ticketing FAQs:
I ordered my ticket online, how will I RECEIVE my ticket?
Tickets ordered online are e-tickets. Check your email inbox for your Order Confirmation from Eventbrite. Your e-tickets will be attached to your order confirmation email. Make sure to print them out and bring them to the event. IMPORTANT: if you do not see your order confirmation in your inbox, make sure to check your junk/spam folder.
Do I need to PRINT out my tickets?
Please print and bring your ticket(s), sent to you as an e-mail attachment, to the event entrance, or be prepared to display your barcoded e-ticket on your smartphone or tablet.
I still don't see my order confirmation, what should I do?
I am having trouble printing my PDF ticket, what should I do?
Please click here for more information on finding your order confirmation or printing your ticket(s). For non-technical ticketing questions or other information about the event click here or call: (408) 842-1625 M-F, 9:00am-5:00pm.
I bought two tickets and they both have my name on them. Will this be a problem?
No. Tickets are transferrable. The name on your ticket only signifies who purchased the tickets. Just make sure the bar code on your ticket(s) are not damaged when you print them out. If you would like to update the name or email address on your order, click here.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


text:
East. King Organic Cotton Mattress Pad Deluxe Flat
Organic Cotton Quilted Mattress Pads feature an organic cotton inside and organic cotton outer needle punched for longevity and to prevent the balling common with other mattress pads. Protect your mattress from the moisture your body gives off at night by using a pad that you can machine wash and dry. Perfect to use alone to protect from sweat and moisture or on top of a wool moisture pad for protection from spills and larger wetnesses.


text:
Call today » 24hr Customer Service » 020 3404 5385
Cleaning Services from Getacleaner.com Home cleaning in London custom-tailored for busy mums and dads, young professionals and hectic schedules. Get the best results with Get a Cleaner.
Can you easily see the preferred routes of your family around the house on your carpets? Can you still recognise the spot where you spilt a cup of coffee even after you tried blotting and scrubbing? These are all too familiar situations every household faces. With the help of carpet cleaners in Whitechapel, all spots and stains will be gone in just a few hours. We use professional equipment and eco-friendly detergents, we extract resilient stains and bring back the vibrant fresh look of all carpets and rugs. Let us deal with the spots and dust while you enjoy your free time any way you want to.
Each Whitechapel carpet cleaning service we carry out includes an inspection of the fabrics that lets us decide which method would work best. For delicate fabrics, we carry out dry cleaning, while wool, cotton, and synthetic carpets are left stain-free and freshened up with our hot water extraction procedure. For both methods, we use only professional equipment to achieve the best results possible. You can also benefit from these procedures and have your curtains, upholstered furniture, and mattresses sanitised and brought back to pristine condition.
To help you manage all chores and tasks around your home, we have taken care to offer you:
To ensure that each service is carried out to the highest standard, we send to your address only background-checked professionals who have undergone extensive trainings and are certified to operate professional equipment. All cleaners, gardeners, and handymen will come to the job smartly-uniformed and carrying IDs. They have years of experience in the industry and have been certified by various associations so you can expect nothing less than professionalism and outstanding results. Give our friendly company representatives a call now and arrange your tailored service at a time that suits you best.
You can also count on us for domestic cleaning, waste removal, and even gardening. All these service at special rates. Count on us for professional cleaning machines from the leading brands on the market and eco-friendly detergents, safe for children and pets. Book us 24/7 Monday to Sunday, even on short notice!
Cleaning Services Bethnal Green
Cleaning Services Commercial Road
Cleaning Services Mile End Road
Cleaning Services Stepney Green
Cleaning Services Aldgate East
Cleaning Services Surrey Quays
We were too busy packing and moving, and had no time to deal with the mess left behind. Your team came on time, and cleaned the apartment top to bottom. Even the landlord was amazed. We did get our security deposit back, and are very grateful.
Apr 9, 2016
If there was cleaning perfection, it would be Get a Cleaner! Thank you so much for making my home clean as a hospital, without the smell of disinfectants! Highly recommended home cleaning service!
Aug 7, 2016
If you have questions, please call us on 020 3404 5385.
We would like to book your cleaning today. You can also contact one of our friendly cleaning support staff using our online booking form. Making an appointment is easy and takes about 5 minutes. You will enjoy the results for a lot longer than that, we promise.


text:
"Detournement" at Jonathan LeVine Gallery
Photos by G. Various Artists.
Art is making a slow return to New York after being very slow this summer. In that vein, Jonathan LeVine Gallery has a fresh new group exhibit which is a sign of the times (pun definitely intended) called "Detourement."
The artists featured in the show, which is curated by Carlo McCormack, are AIKO, Dan Witz, David Wojnarowicz (estate), Dylan Egon, EINE, Ilona Granet, Jack Pierson, John Law (Jack Napier), Leo Fitzpatrick, Mark Flood, Martin Wong (estate), Max Rippon (RIPO), Mike Osterhout, Posterboy, Ron English, Shepard Fairey, Steve Powers (aka ESPO), TrustoCorp, Will Boone and Zevs.
"Detournement: Signs of the Times" will be on exhibit through August 25, 2012 at Jonathan LeVine Gallery, Located at 529 West 20th Street, 9th Floor in Chelsea, NYC.
You can see a bunch more photos on The Worley Gig!


text:
Hello everyone...
Tuesday, July 19, 2011
Farewell Sale...
Hello everyone...
8 comments:
- Andrea~CrowNology~ said...
ugh this makes me sad...
Yet, I do know it's best for you and I do wish you the best of luck with your new ventures!
- 6:09 am
- Windshield Repair Kit said...
Your jewelry is beautiful. Good luck with the homewares business.
- 10:19 pm
- Attorney said...
Farewell, Abigail! We'll miss your jewelry!
- New Jersey Securities Fraud Attorney
- 12:23 am
- Table Cover said...
I just hate saying goodbye!
(PS - that's a nice fitted table cover you have right there!!)
- 11:55 pm
- Unknown said...
We'll miss you, Abigail! Good luck on your new endeavors.
Micro Cap and Small Cap Trading
- 7:20 pm
- Unknown said...
You and Ryan will do well, I am sure of it. Keep up the quality you had with the jewelry, and you're sure to go far with your housewares!
- Personal Injury Lawyer Bend Oregon
- 7:39 pm
- gastrosurgery. said...
Hi, probably our entry may be off topic but anyways, I have been surfing around your blog and it looks very professional. It's obvious you know your topic and you appear fervent about it. I'm developing a fresh blog plus I'm struggling to make it look good, as well as offer the best quality content. I have learned much at your web site and also I anticipate alot more articles and will be coming back soon. Thank you...
- 12:15 pm
- Tante Siska said...
I like your article. I think the story you write is very interesting and inspiring.
please visit also my article.
- 10:15 pm


text:
Gypsy Sally's, a two-week-old bar and live music venue in Georgetown, says it's trying to resurrect the spirit of the Bayou, the legendary nightclub once located three blocks east on K Street NW. Karen Ensor, who owns the 300-capacity club with her husband David, says the focus will be more on Americana acts – bluegrass, country, folk and blues. A look at the calendar includes a solo show by BR549 frontman Chuck Mead (Oct. 2), reigning International Bluegrass Music Association entertainers of the year the Gibson Brothers (Oct. 12), the Hackensaw Boys (Oct. 18), and '70s psychedelic country band New Riders of the Purple Sage (Oct. 19).
The venue is on the second floor of the building that houses the French restaurant/nightclub/event space Malmaison, but the view from outside belies how large the space is. It's a high-ceilinged room with two bars and a large dance floor in front of the stage. Multiple tiers facing the band offer tables for dining as well as regular seating. Whether you sit at the bar that runs down the side of the room or the top row of seats against the back wall, the sight lines are clear and unobstructed. "We looked for a long time to find a building with no support columns [in the middle of the room]," Ensor says, and anyone who's been stuck behind a pillar at the Hamilton, for example, knows what a pain that can be.
Sound is crisp and clear, too, thanks to a top-of-the-line audio system, which Ensor says was set up by the engineer behind the Rams Head's system.
While the concert hall is the main attraction, it's not the only draw: A second room, which has its own entrance, bar and audio system, has been dubbed the Vinyl Lounge. Ensor says it doesn't have a cover charge, which is appropriate given the '60s theme. ("We're old hippies," Ensor says of herself and her husband.) You don't say: A full-sized VW bus with the engine removed is parked near the front doors, with an American flag flying from its roof. Doors and Who records are under lacquer on the bar top, Jimi Hendrix and Grateful Dead posters hang on the wall, and the all-vinyl DJ setup plays records by the Beatles and the Band. I'm surprised there aren't lava lamps somewhere. Ensor says the bar is targeted more at a younger crowd than the concert hall; there have already been lines to get in on weekends.


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|"Hairong Kuang (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] [Updated] (HDFS-1070) Speedup NameNode image loading and saving by storing local file names
|Thu, 14 Apr 2011 03:42:07 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HDFS-1070?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ] Hairong Kuang updated HDFS-1070: -------------------------------- Fix Version/s: 0.23.0 Status: Open (was: Patch Available) > Speedup NameNode image loading and saving by storing local file names > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Key: HDFS-1070 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HDFS-1070 > Project: Hadoop HDFS > Issue Type: Improvement > Components: name-node > Reporter: Hairong Kuang > Assignee: Hairong Kuang > Fix For: 0.23.0 > > Attachments: trunkLocalNameImage.patch, trunkLocalNameImage1.patch, trunkLocalNameImage3.patch, trunkLocalNameImage4.patch, trunkLocalNameImage5.patch, trunkLocalNameImage6.patch, trunkLocalNameImage7.patch, trunkLocalNameImage8.patch, trunkLocalNameImage9.patch > > > Currently each inode stores its full path in the fsimage. I'd propose to store the local name instead. In order for each inode to identify its parent, all inodes in a directory tree are stored in the image in in-order. This proposal also requires each directory stores the number of its children in image. > This proposal would bring a few benefits as pointed below and therefore speedup the image loading and saving. > # Remove the overhead of converting java-UTF8 encoded local name to string-represented full path then to UTF8 encoded full path when saving to an image and vice versa when loading the image. > # Remove the overhead of traversing the full path when inserting the inode to its parent inode. > # Reduce the number of temporary java objects during the process of image loading or saving and therefore reduce the GC overhead. > # Reduce the size of an image. -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. For more information on JIRA, see: http://www.atlassian.com/software/jira
|View raw message


text:
I've always organized my life in notebooks. I keep all of these things simultaneously: a few sketchbooks, a planner, a personal dream book, and separate notepads for things like to-do lists, overheard conversations, and meaningful quotations.
I've found that all those notebooks express more of myself than the regular diary I kept until high school. My diary was random, depressing, extremely dramatic, and rather boring. It was a great way to vent frustration, but my writing in it didn't feel constructive. I gave up on it and, under the huge influence of Ghost World, switched to a visual diary. Finally, I could express feelings too complicated or too intimidating for me to put into words. I discovered that I'm just better at drawing than I am at writing—my sketchbook was actually helping me figure things out!
I believe keeping a record, visual or written, is good for you. It helps you to clear your mind, develop your ideas, and know yourself better. It allows you to be emotional and honest as well as grumpy and pathetic. But if you feel thwarted in this process, like I did, or if you're just looking for new ways to express yourself, let me share with you a couple of ideas and technical tricks that will help make your journal fun to create and to look at.
First, you need to find the medium that suits you. You have a few options.
Pick the perfect notebook.
Indulge yourself! Buy a fancy notebook. A good-looking book reminds you that you keep it for your pleasure. Also, it's inviting, so it might motivate you not to give up on journaling. You can find a variety of great, unique designs and high-quality materials on independent online shops like Poketo and Little Otsu.
Or: turn an ordinary notebook into the perfect one.
The truth is, pretty and expensive notebooks never work for me. I'm so scared of ruining their pristine sheets with my shaky handwriting and messy drawings that I literally can't put pen to paper! I always end up buying a cheap notebook and customizing the cover with some stickers or collages made from cut-out pictures or old maps or whatever, just to break the ice. With some loose sheets you can even sew/glue a notebook on your own, or turn a planner or an empty photo album into one.
Easy as it seems, making a durable journal from scratch is not a piece of cake. A customized notebook, like the ones from Scout Books, can be a good solution for those with two left hands. If a white sheet of paper still triggers nothing but writer's block for you, try boosting your artistic spirit with a "creative workbook" like Wreck This Journal or The Scribble Diary. They're like coloring books for teenagers—in a good way.
If you don't like writing/drawing on paper, just stick to your screen.
I won't be talking about blogs, Twitter, Pinterest, etc., because, despite their many similarities to personal journals, speaking to the public usually brings a different quality to your work. Still, there are lots of apps and sites devoted to journaling, list-making, mind-mapping, and all kinds of thought organizers that can be an inspiration for your journaling routine.
Next, consider your approach. A few things to remember:
You don't have to be a perfectionist.
Don't judge yourself for poor handwriting or clumsy drawings—your diary is a space for trial and error, a secret place where pretentious poems and anatomically incorrect portraits of Harry Potter are equally welcome.
You don't have to be organized.
Sometimes there's just too much going on to keep your journal consistent, and that's OK. You don't have to write or draw in it every single day, nor do you have to stick to certain lengths or just one method of expression—I highly recommend trying different literary or drawing styles according to your mood and the amount of time you have for journaling. However, if you need order in order to express your thoughts, divide your journal into sections or keep a couple of notebooks for different things.
Find a good hiding place…
…unless you live alone and have absolutely no secrets. I was raised with respect for privacy, but I'm a middle child, so I know the reality of siblings' curiosity. Sometimes it's best if your family doesn't know you keep a journal at all—this eliminates their temptation to find it. You can wrap your journal with a dust jacket of a normal book and keep it on the second row of a bookshelf. (I tried hiding my journal between folded T-shirts in my wardrobe, but nosy siblings also have a habit of borrowing clothes without asking.) If "privacy" is a flexible concept in your home, be clever. Maybe invest in a padlock.
Now it's time to actually start filling your journal with your thoughts and ideas and emotions. Of course, there are standard diary entries, poetry, and creative writing, but the following ideas, a cocktail of drawing, writing, and mind-mapping concepts, should help anyone who feels unsure about what exactly you want your journal to be. I've tried all of these and adjusted them to my needs. Some have become a part of my routine for good.
Let's begin with something easy and probably closest to the common idea of journaling. Try describing events as non-existent photos, like Michael Murphy of Unphotographable does, or writing down overheard conversations, like the illustrator Mark Smith does on his blog You Look Like the Right Type. These exercises in observation and description can be a good start to a more experimental approach.
This is time-consuming, but I find it really rewarding. Don't get scared, I'm not talking about elaborate, marvelous graphics or complex autobiography in the spirit of Persepolis or Fun Home. My favorite comic diaries are simple in style and content. Gemma Correll, in her Daily Diaries, depicts ordinary objects and everyday events. Taylor-Ruth of Hanging Rock Comics focuses on thoughts and conversations. These entries don't need to have speech bubbles or picture frames. Illustrator Giada Ganassin makes beautiful, mostly wordless calendars, and Rookie's Marjainez has sketchbooks filled with clouds of song lyrics and doodles:
If comics seem too complex, try another kind of sketching diary. It doesn't have to be narrative at all. You can think of your sketchbook as a collage, letting concert tickets, Post-it notes, and postcards fill your personal mini-museum. Abstract compositions, like Minna's Dear Diary entries, carry as much emotion.
Sketchbooks are not always messy and chaotic. Have a look at Leanne Shapton's project A Month of…, which is divided into specific categories. And how clean are the travel diaries of Carla Fuentes and Lehel Kovács?
Daily activities
The simple practice of drawing (or photographing) everyday activities—what you ate/wore/bought/etc.–has caught fire on the internet over the past couple of years, for good reason. You won't know why something like this is addictive until you try it yourself.
Graphs, lists, mind maps
There's a chapter in Jennifer Egan's book A Visit From the Goon Squad that's meant to be a 12-year-old girl's diary—and it's written entirely in PowerPoint. The character used seemingly impersonal and corporate graphs and charts to depict the changing relationships between members of her family in few words but with great accuracy. Creating hand-drawn infographics, like the ones from Indexed, about your life can be more entertaining than solving a Sudoku. Not to mention lists. There can be a list for everything (as demonstrated in Nick Hornby's novel High Fidelity), and lists can be funny.
Everything else
Here you can find ideas for more than three months' worth of intense journaling. After that you'll probably have heaps of your own ideas. A diary told through playlists? Moodboards? Agent Cooper–style voice recordings? Since journaling is all about expressing yourself, there are as many possibilities as you have moods. So add, multiply, experiment, and have fun! ♦


text:
Welcome to NOVA! Our faculty are qualified experts in an array of fields and our administrative staff are proficient at ensuring the smooth functioning of our multicampus support systems.
Log In to Access
- Webmail
- myNOVA
- Payline
- Working Calendar
- Sharepoint Intranet
Only accessible on NOVA networks


text:
Sunday, February 12, 2012
Viviani: 1390 Watts, 250m, Sprint
I took note that Elia Viviani (Liquigas-Cannondale) said he peaked at 1390 watts in the 250m bunch sprint to win the 1st stage yesterday at Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabria. The stage, from Melito Porto Salvo to Chiaravalle Centrale was 170.2km in length. Finishing 2nd and 3rd in the stage were Daniele Colli (Team Type 1-Sanofi) and Elia Favilli (Farnese Vini-Selle Italia).
That's a lot of watts. Anyone with more watts stats for pro cyclists?
Follow on Twitter: ITALIANCYCJOURN
Stories for the Italian Cycling Journal about rides, granfondos, touring, having a good time cycling in Italy, Italian cycling history, etc. are always welcome. Contact me at email@example.com. There are more than 2,300 stories in this blog. The search feature to the right works best for finding subjects in the blog. There is also a translate button at the bottom so you can translate each page.
5 comments:
it's nice. peaking 1400watts is easy enough.(really, we are about cat2 but i have people in the local team who can peak 1300w while sprinting uphill)ReplyDelete
what's amazing is these guys can do it in a 170km stage finish, and sustain it for half a minute between 1100-1400w.
track sprinters can do more. Petacchi allegedly does around 1600watts in a sprint. track racers can do the better part of 2000. these are all amazing numbers.
consider, that even a on a long stage like this, only about a 170-230watts is needed for idling at the pace of the peloton.
sources: 3years racing/training experience with wattage.
Larry says watts..schmatts...if that's all that counts the race organizers could save a lot of time and trouble by just setting up trainers in the town square and seeing who can crank the watt-meter up the highest. All that counts is who is first across the finish line. Looks cold there, we were lucky with sun and 10+C temps here in Sicily today.ReplyDelete
Like your style Larry - totally agree that bike riding is about so much more than just science: it's skill combined with passion, guile, cunning, knowing when to bluff, and when to dig deeper and go harder than your pulsemeter/powermeter tells you. It's about wanting to win a bike race, not stats and numbers. La grinta, as our Italian friends would say.ReplyDelete
Greipel hit 1940 watts in training...(http://inrng.com/2012/01/tour-down-under-shorts/) Renshaw also hit around 1700 watts in TDU this year and you know Greipel beat him. Power is just one of the barometers of great cyclists,though.ReplyDelete
@all: thanks. I'm curios about watts, mainly because I lack in them! Some searching yielded these peak watt numbers:ReplyDelete
Chris Hoy: 2300 watts
Marty Nothstein: 2200 watts
Cipollini: 1900 watts
Petacchi: 1700 watts
Boardman: 1000 watts


text:
SEATTLE — Six climbers on Mount Rainier likely perished in a fall after helicopters detected pings from avalanche beacons and spotted climbing gear thousands of feet below the group's last known location, national park officials said Saturday.
Searchers believe the group fell 3,300 feet from their last known whereabouts of 12,800 feet on Wednesday, park spokeswoman Patricia Wold said in a statement. The helicopter crew spotted camping and climbing gear in the avalanche-prone area, park Ranger Fawn Bauer told The Associated Press.
"There's not a viable chance of survival," Bauer said.
Air and ground searches were suspended late Saturday afternoon. The danger of falling rock and ice in the area where searchers picked up the pings prevents a ground recovery effort, Wold said.
"It would expose our rangers to pretty extreme conditions," Bauer said. "And, in all honesty, we may never be able to get on the ground there."
Aircraft will survey the area periodically in the coming weeks and months, Wold said, but the possibility of recovering the six is uncertain.
The missing group includes four clients of Seattle-based Alpine Ascents International and two guides. They were due to return from the mountain on Friday. When they did not return, the climbing company notified park officials, Bauer said.
Officials have yet to finish family notifications, so the names of the climbers are unlikely to be released until Sunday.
"The climbing community is a small one and a close one and a loss of this magnitude touches many," Superintendent Randy King said in the statement.
Mount Rainier, southeast of Seattle, stands at 14,410 feet and attracts thousands of climbers trying to reach its summit every year.
The search for the missing climbers focused on the northwest shoulder of the mountain at the Liberty Ridge area, near where they were last heard from, Bauer said. Saturday's search included a team of three climbing rangers on the ground and flyovers with a Hughes helicopter. An Army Chinook helicopter then joined the search from Joint Base Lewis-McChord.
The group was scheduled to reach the summit of Mount Rainier on Thursday, with a day to climb down.
Snow flurries and hail hit the mountain Wednesday, Bauer said, but the weather has been clear since then.
Bauer said ground crews on Saturday checked "every possible area" where someone could have sought refuge in the storm.
Alpine Ascents' director of programs, Gordon Janow, said he wasn't ready to release information about the climbers. Details — such as ages, gender or hometowns — for the climbers were not immediately available, Bauer said.
In a statement from the park, the guides were described as skilled.
In a blog post on the Alpine Ascents website Thursday, the post said the team had turned around at 13,000 feet during their attempt to reach the summit because of weather conditions. The blog post said all team members were well.
DuBois reported from Portland, Oregon.


text:
An unfamiliar driver, an American no less, ushered in a new era at Indianapolis Motor Speedway by outlasting his faster rivals — and his fuel tank.
Alexander Rossi was the stunning winner of the historic 100th running of "The Greatest Spectacle In Racing" on Sunday in a victory that allowed the long-suffering Andretti family to celebrate in the biggest race of their famed careers.
Rossi was a 66-to-1 long shot and certainly not the driver anyone would have picked to win. But the 24-year-old Californian used fuel strategy to outsmart a handful of drivers who had the most dominant cars in the race.
Rossi stretched his final tank of gas 90 miles to cycle into...


text:
|La Jolla, Calif.
|High School:
|La Jolla HS
2012-13: Placed second in the 400 Individual Medley (4:18.79), third in the 1650 freestyle (16:50.99), fourth in the 500 freestyle (4:52.80) and contributed to a third place finish in the 800 free relay (7:21.76) at the MPSF Championships…Finished first place in the 1000 freestyle four times coming against UC San Diego, UC Davis and Cal Poly twice…Placed first in the 400 Individual Medley with a time of 4:29.41 against Cal Poly on Feb. 9…Finished in first in the 500 freestyle with a time of 5:02.36 coming against UNLV on Jan. 19…Placed second in the 200 Individual Medley (2:09.44) against Pacific and LMU on Feb. 2.
2011-12: Placed eighth in the 500-yard freestyle – and set a personal record in the prelims of that event (4:52.05) – seventh in the 400-yard individual medley (4:22.02) and fourth in the 1650-yard freestyle (16:50.48) at the 2012 MPSF Championships…Also swam the second leg as a part of the 800-yard freestyle relay, which placed first and set a new UCSB school record with a time of 7:17.82 at the MPSF Championships.
Attended La Jolla High School…Swam for coach Tom Atwell…Was a four-year All-American…Won the 2010 Coach's Award and was named the team's MVP in 2011…Set school records in the 100 freestyle, 100 breaststroke, 200 medley relay and 400 free relay…Set a CIF Division II record in the 100 free…Also swam for North Coast Aquatics where she was coached by Jeff Pease…Earned several academic awards, including the 2009 UC Irvine Academic Merit Award, 2010 National Hispanic Recognition and 2011 AP Scholar With Honor.
Herendira Clare Alanis was born on Jan. 7, 1994 in Park Ridge, Ill.…Parents are Jose and Rita Alanis…Has two older sisters, Valerie and Maddie…Is majoring in psychology…Enjoys reading, listening to music, traveling, going to the beach, watching movies and eating…Favorite movies are "Crazy, Stupid, Love" and "You've Got Mail"…Enjoys the music of Mumford and Sons, as well as Third Eye Blind…Her favorite reads include "The Time Traveler's Wife" and "Harry Potter"…Achieving Nationals cuts in the 200 and 400 IM are her most memorable athletics moments to date…Stephen Colbert is her hero…Favorite aspects of college swimming are meeting new people and being a part of a close-knit team.


text:
Image AttributesMay 10, 2005
width and
height values for images.
Paraphrased, from the inbox:
widthattributes no longer apply to images, I suspect. How then do my images render? They seem to automatically size. Is it based strictly on their original size, or should I be defining my attributes in my CSS?
Good question. I still set these particular attributes in my HTML, for both historical and practical reasons.
It used to be, before we were building table-less layouts and offloading all presentation to the CSS, that defining an image included things like turning off the border (darn 2px, blue-bordered linked image default!), specifying ALT text, and defining the width and height values. The latter were important because, as a page loaded, the space for an image needed to be set in advance. Without width and height, the image dimensions weren't known until the image was entirely loaded. Small spaces were left for each image by default, but a page would jump around disconcertingly as it resized to fit the images as they loaded. This was particularly annoying given the image slicing and dicing that table-based layout forced, so specifying the dimensions alleviated the problem nicely.
(Interesting side note — Safari 2 seems to have an entirely new way of loading in larger images. [30k or more? I'm not sure what the threshold is, but it applies even to background images defined in CSS. Clear your cache and hit up Stopdesign for an example, see the header image.] Whether they're interlaced or progressive or not [who interlaces images anymore?] it appears that the image is loaded in progressive chunks, which appears to 'slide' in the image. It looks like a Flash transition of an image, starting out squished up at the top, and expanding to fill the regular image dimension. Hard to describe, a little disorienting at first, but neat to see in action once you get used to this new method.)
Now, that's the historical reason which, while in some contexts may still be relevant, generally isn't a trick we need anymore. So why not offload these presentational
width and
height values to the CSS? I don't believe they belong there.
First of all, there's the practical management issue. If you have a series of images that are all precisely the same dimensions, then defining a single class to control those is easy. If you have a few dozen that come in wildly varying dimensions, setting a unique class for each makes less sense. In many realistic scenarios, you have to account for images you won't know the dimensions of ahead of time. So the CSS route doesn't make sense, given that a) you may have hundreds of images to define separately, and b) you can't define them when they're not known.
Secondly, image dimensions are presentational values, so it might make sense they belong in the CSS… but they're also metadata about the image itself. Very important metadata. I wouldn't go so far as to call them "content", but consider that the size of an image is as important to its final presentation as the colour of the pixels. If you can successfully make an argument for an image being an item of content, surely this metadata is more important than the sometime sacrifice-able presentation CSS affords. (Dimitri Glazkov recently explored the difference between presentational and content images.) So, if the dimensions are specifically bound to the photo, can they peacefully exist in the CSS (which may or may not be present in the final rendering of the page)?
Actually, the question put forth was more direct — why bother specifying attributes at all, whether in HTML or CSS? The image comes with built-in dimensions, the browser will know how to render the image. It seems almost pointless to bother specifying them, since that metadata already exists in another form.
Which seems theoretically true, but for just one little problem — the way the page loads before the image is placed. Since we're talking about content images here, and not the hundreds of tiny GIFs that would previously made up a sliced and diced site, it's a pretty small problem nowadays. Although given the rise of RSS, you may have noticed the same thing I have — the resizing problem is far more obvious when a content image is embedded in a news feed, and the accompanying HTML doesn't include image dimensions. Since RSS aggregators typically display a feed as plain text with minimal decoration, it's more obvious given the sparse surroundings. Specifying image attributes alleviates this, the same as it did in '97.
Ultimately I don't think specifying attributes in CSS is wrong, I just see plenty of reason to continue doing as I've always done on this point.
(Sharp readers will notice that my second argument for keeping image dimensions out of CSS is invalidated by the later conclusion that this data exists elsewhere; however, this still leaves the first, and more relevant point: management is difficult, if not impossible. I'll continue to specify attributes in my HTML unless a really good comment on this article convinces me otherwise.)
Dave sez, "Given the fixed nature of the pixels that make up the images in question, the two are one and the same on today's web." Today's web may be dominated by GIF, JFIF & PNG, but you're ignoring the future of vector formats like SVG.
Ezku sez, "There is no set dpi for computer screens." Yeah. That's my point.
Questionable: "Today's web may be dominated by GIF, JFIF & PNG, but you're ignoring the future of vector formats like SVG."
Sure, it's interesting that Firefox 1.1 is going to support inline SVG, but we've got a *long* way to go before anyone will be using it as a substitution for what you'd do with GIF/JPG/PNG today.
Sizing information is a good bit more important (and a bit trickier to implement correctly) for vector formats like SVG.
Here's my take on sizing SVG:
P.S.: Firefox's SVG support still seems to be pretty broken. Compare how it renders the SVG image here,
with the Adobe Plugin's rendering.
In terms of the page "jumping around," whilst the images load, it seems to me that specifying image sizes only in CSS could (often, moreso for those on slower connections) suffer from the same problem. Assuming the CSS was not inline. That is, the HTML and images begin to load before the external CSS file containing the image size information can be fetched and applied to the page.
"You don't send a high-res image down the pipe and resize it AFTER the fact."
This is exactly what I do… at least for one image on the main page of my website. I have written an article about how to do this right:
As I see it the pixel height and width of an  are information on the same level as the image's URI. They are facts about the physical entity that is about to be rendered. With no CSS applied this information is important to the renderer. This is information about the content.
When we add the CSS layer we can choose to override the way it's displayed; change the dimensions, apply different units (such as mm, in, pt), scale (with em, percentage, etc) and so on. Similarly we might choose to prevent the image from showing altogether. These are all presentational considerations.
Offtopic: Is Operas rendering of the svg okay?
I ask, since I don't have the Adobe SVG-Plugin installed…
Back to topic: I think the width and height attributes of images are nothing that should be overdone with bloated css. Put it in your stylesheet where it is appropriate - but use html attributes all the time if you want because of the page loading thing… ;)
Images are just a representation of symbols that css/html cannot create. Within a page, say, the background image loads first, and is then duplicated according to its width/height. The browser recognizes that.
However, another type of images - photographs or illustrations - that have a larger dimension, should be treated differently. They should start loading, and as the browser downloads more of the file, more of it should appear (and perhaps give a % of the download process of the image).
Just a small code snippet for easier management of the multiple images with different dimensions:
$size = GetImageSize($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/path_to_image.jpg');
echo '';
However, instead of attributes, we can place dimensions in inline styles (if one wants to be a purist).
This one should work with Apache/PHP/GD2.x
>Offtopic: Is Operas rendering of the svg okay?
Nope, though it's much better than Firefox's. Two problems:
1) It's the wrong size. It should be 20em wide; it's clearly much smaller.
2) All of the text is missing.
Here's the fallback GIF image
which gives you a pretty good idea of what it should look like (and is the correct size at the default 1em= 16px).
In response to comment 21, here's an even easier way to dynamically get the image size.
list($width, $height, $type, $attr) = getimagesize($_SERVER[DOCUMENT_ROOT].'/path_to_image.jpg');
echo '';
The $attr variable automatically stores the width and height values in the 'width="x" height="y"' form.
When the height and width attributes are used to describe the actual dimensions of the image, they are metadata and belong in the markup. If, instead, they are used to alter the rendering size of the image, then they are presentational and such changes belong in the CSS.
I use the PHP getimagesize which is useful. I think content images /should/ have height and width attributes. This allows the rendering engine to allow the space needed for the image and stops text (which you might be reading) jumping around when the image finally loads. Not a problem nowadays because of broadband…?…what about content on mobiles…
Also, /should/ you define 'px' in the attribute. height="100px" or leave it out. I think it should be included but Tidy complains about it… What's people's take on this?
>Also, /should/ you define 'px' in the attribute. height="100px" or leave it out. I think it should be included but Tidy complains about it… What's people's take on this?
It's not a matter of opinion.
The Specification
says that the width and height attributes have type "Length". The latter is described as
<!ENTITY % Length "CDATA" — nn for pixels or nn% for percentage length —>
So height="23" or height="50%" are OK. height="23px" is not.
PHP Golf?
vprintf( '', getimagesize($path) );
trovster, the only acceptable values for the width and height attributes in HTML 4 are type Length, which allows bare integers (implying pixels) or an integer followed by % for percentages. There are no other units allowed.
I'm in the dimensions-in-tag camp. I mean, ideally, there'd be a way to send the header of each image down the pipe before its contents, but since that's not under our control, the dimensions should be given in the tag.
This is only broadly related, but I was intrigued Dunstan's gallery (currently offline, unfortunately) was using style-attribute padding to center images of unusual proportions within their square thumbnail boxes. It's using CSS to achieve the centered effect, but where there's more options than simply horizontal and vertical. So those two are defined as classes, and anything else is accomplished with an inline style. (Not sure if any of that makes sense, but I think it's a similar case of CSS<->HTML crossover)
I use the width or height (rarely both together) attribute on IMG in CSS in cases where I want to make sure that the image that is coming from the server doesn't blow the layout apart because its bigger than expected. Setting one of the attributes causes the image to scale to the correct size (setting both will warp the image if the ratio is not what you expect).
Also it means that if you change the template then you don't have to go through the HTML files to change the image sizes. And its a good way of reusing images that are in your CMS that may be slightly larger than what you need.
I don't usually set them on the IMG tag. Not sure why I don't, I just stopped doing it (I think its because I've dealt with one CMS too many that gets the image dimensions wrong and the layout ends up falling apart as a result)
Say I have a photo of a flower,
and I scale the image down to 30%
of its original dimensions. Has the
content changed? Disregarding the
detail lost in pixel resampling, it
is still the same photo of the same
flower. It would still be described
by the same 1000 words.
The height and width attributes describe the size of the content, but in HTML-space units, not image-space units. (Then the whole thing is scaled to device-space units and displayed.)
Of course, you don't notice this normally because on screen by default [1 image pixel = 1 html pixel = 1 screen pixel].
In print you could have [1 image pixel = 0.1 html pixels = 1 print pixel] though, which is why the distinction between image-space pixels and html-space pixels is important.
None of this is presentational, however, because it just describes the image's *preferred* size. The style sheet is still able to change the image's size, if for example a particular style requires images to be smaller than the ideal.
Want proof? These attributes are still around in XHTML 1.1 strict, while all the presentational size attributes (as on table cells and divs) have been deprecated.
BOTTOM LINE: Perfectly OK to declare heights and widths for content images.
If the dimensions were specified in CSS and *not* in the HTML, what about the user who has images turned on, but is using a different stylesheet (or no stylesheet at all)? The rendering would default back to the attributes contained intrinsically in the image, and the benefit of specifying any dimensions anywhere would be lost completely!
And I wonder, too, in many installations where images are content and can change on a daily basis, why would I want to be modifying my CSS all the time, too? Simpler, in this case also, to put that information into the HTML.
Your arguments seem to point to just leaving out all height and width values alltogether.
The metadata is in the image itself and rendering (+ downloading) of the image and the page are generally much faster than they used to be.
I think I've made my mind up about just leaving height and width out.
you have to specify the width and height in the tag if the page uses anchors at all. otherwise, the jumping around actually breaks anchor links. without the width and height specified, the browser (firefox at least, probably others too) loads the html with only minimal space set aside for each image, then it scrolls to the specified anchor, then, as images load, the page is reflowed but it doesn't re-scroll to the right place and the user ends up somewhere on the page other than where the link was supposed to take them to.
It strikes me that this is important meta-data for accessibility concerns also, though I may be wrong. I would imagine that it is not uncommon for even blind people to want to print images, and the height and width would help them determine whether or not to print them. I've never used a screen-reader, though.
The image tag … From an esthetic point of view I really find it annoying that there is this standardised image icon that appears before the totall image has loaded. It still remarkable that the dimensions of DIVs SPANS TABLEs etc. are nowardays defined with CSS… except the IMG tag still keeps its inline height and width attributes.
This article got me thinking about the future of semantic markup for images. It seems like the xhtml2 spec, the object tag
http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml2/mod-object.html#sec_21.2. seems to provide a method to define dimensions in a param element. Being (ostensibly) a layperson, I am left to assume that, though UA's certainly must be able to correctly render an image without this info, it is important enough to leave some wiggle room for the future.
Image dimensions are not metadata. If someone in the W3 had thought about this long enough, they would have realized that *aspect ratios* are metadata for images, and pixel dimensions are purely presentational. Think about an image of a ruler, created at 72dpi, then displayed on a 96dpi monitor.
In Safari & Firefox, at least, image dimensions specified in CSS can be used to override those in the HTML element's attributes. That way, I can say that this 423-pixel wide image should actually be displayed (or printed) accurately at 6 inches wide.
As you have stated, I think the question comes down more to presentational vs. content.
Presentationally, it does make a difference in how the page appears when loading, jumping around and what-not. In my mind, it doesn't matter where they're defined in this context, but they should be defined somewhere.
When it comes to content, I think of a photo album as an example (there are plenty of examples of images as content). A photo album usually contains images as both landscape and as portrait. Thus, the dimensions change. Would I want to define CSS classes for every possible ratio of image size I may use throughout my site? It depends on your site, but I think the typical answer would be "no." Having them defined in CSS would restrict the design/content manager too much (unless you *want* them to be restricted).
So, I think the best place for them, to satisfy both cases, is in the HTML as attributes.
The height and width attributes of an img are *not* presentational; they describe the content in the tag only.
These values cannot always be read from the image, because it's certainly possible to have an image whose height and width do not equal the number of actual pixels in the image.
"*aspect ratios* are metadata for images, and pixel dimensions are purely presentational"
Nice try. Given the fixed nature of the pixels that make up the images in question, the two are one and the same on today's web. You don't send a high-res image down the pipe and resize it AFTER the fact.
There is no set dpi for computer screens. You can prove this for yourself by changing your screen resolution. Notice how the image still fills (or is at least supposed to fill) the whole screen? There we go. Different dpi.
There is no dpi, there are just pixels. These pixels may be LARGE or really, really small - you have no control over it. A 423-pixel wide image will render 423 pixels wide, if not for some tampering by either the client or the web-guy.
I approve of defining width and height attributes for content images. Mostly it doesn't matter, but it can't hurt either, can it?
(I received a "Fatal error: Call to undefined function: encodeit() in /home/mezzoblu/public_html/articles/comments/preview/index.php(20) : regexp code on line 1" when I tried to use backticks in my comment. You aware of this? :)
Joel B. sez, "The height and width attributes of an img are *not* presentational; they describe the content in the tag only." But the content of an image does not depend (necessarily) upon its bounding dimensions. Say I have a photo of a flower, and I scale the image down to 30% of its original dimensions. Has the content changed? Disregarding the detail lost in pixel resampling, it is still the same photo of the same flower. It would still be described by the same 1000 words.
However, as I tried to point out before with my ruler analogy, if an image's content *does* depend upon the dimensions, then specifying those dimensions in pixels results in an inaccurate presentation, due to variance in monitor or printer resolution. CSS is therefore the *only* way to accurately present such images.
Well, my two cents:
Only use "src" and "alt" attributes when juggling with "img" elements. If you really want to specify image dimensions, use CSS rules to address this (e.g. "#gallery img { width: 100px; height: 100px; }") or use a "style" attribute specifiying "width" and "height" for each image (just like you would use the "width" and "height" attributes). And it's no problem if anybody disables CSS (is it?).
Last time the consensus was that they are representing metadata:
That they are implemented to be equivalent (and specified that way) to their CSS counterparts is merely a leftover - although still needed - from the presentational web.
How often does one not replace an image with another?
It's strange for me to hear from the creator of csszengarden - THE project that shows one can redesign websites without touching the markup "that's the power of css" to leave img hight and width's in the markup, thus having to redefine the values everytime an image is replaced. It creates a lot more hassle without final benefit (the end result - when the page is loaded - is the same)
if the width and height are metadata, what is the difference of them to size=3 for fonts or border=2 (they describe the border for the element or the size of the text - so metadata). In my view that's just a way to right a wrong argument.
Therefore on semantic and mainanance reasons (in addition to the arguments voiced in the article) I gues is why I not put them in the markup (or css for that matter).
I am not convinced that the web browser should be used to display images in any other size than what it actually is in. I would say no to resizing in the browser for any normal page.
Using PHP to dynamically spit the dimensions is a great idea (one I've used myself), but scripting can't be the answer to the question of whether or not the attrib's should be in the markup or in the CSS as anon proposed in #31. Scripting is a convenience method… not a universal solution to the problem as not everybody uses it, and those who do use varying implementations. As previously stated (and aside from the question of whether the images we're talking about constitute content or presentation), width and height attrib's are still in XHTML 1.1 for a good reason… they're necessary.
Paul: "A monitor is made up of pixels, it can't represent a unit smaller than that for any resolution so there's no point doing anything other than using pixels."
So, if I'm going to display an image containing some map data, and I want to display a legend, instead of saying, "map scale: 1cm = 1km," I should say, "map scale: 1:100000 pixels?" I believe there is a point in using units other than pixels.
Paul, again: "Pages loading over a slow connection look much better if the UA knows what space to leave."
I recall David Hyatt stating that Safari doesn't even begin to render a page until any external CSS has been downloaded.
Jon: This isn't necessarily resizing — it's just telling the browser what amount of space to leave.
As for comments like #36, I think it's important to make a distinction here between persistent images (that corporate logo in the corner) and one-time content images. In the first case, dimensions in the style sheet are perfectly appropriate.
But in the second? Surely it's ludicrous to declare a unique class in your global stylesheet for every different dimension of image you've ever pasted into your weblog! If it's going to be inline anyways, whether it's inline as height="x" or inline as style="height:x" doesn't really matter much.
But I think using the old-school attributes seems a lot more concise and logical than cracking open a style-attribute for its own sake.
It's not ok to include image dimensions in the tag.
I disagree that managing these properties via css is unmanageable as some of the posters would have you believe.
If manageability is the problem why not address that and build a script that lifts all img dimensions from any xhtml file, assigns (auto or user supplied) classnames, and recasts the html without img dimension attributes, importing the associated css file.
Can you say that the utility provided by such a script makes seperation of presentation workable again? The reality of course being that you've built a button that casts the html in either direction?
The point about having multiple classes to display different sized images is the most telling.
On a relatively small site, CSS for image dimensions maybe a possibility.
When looking at large content sites, however you template at some point someone will want to include a different sized image, allowing for this is almost impossible, let alone unmanageable.
Is it not best to let a CMS handle the image height and width attributes in situations such as this?
I'm in the attributes in the img tag camp also. My site has user galleries made up of thumbnails generated automatically and resized to fit a maximum 100x100 size. Saying that these attributes should be in the CSS would mean everytime someone uploaded an image I'd have to change the CSS automatically. It's far easier and nicer to put them in the img tag. 1) PHP can do this automicatally for each image I show. 2) Pages loading over a slow connection look much better if the UA knows what space to leave.
I also don't understand why using pixels for presenting them is wrong. JPG etc are stored as pixels no matter the DPI, the DPI just controls how many of these pixels should fit into a particular space. A monitor is made up of pixels, it can't represent a unit smaller than that for any resolution so there's no point doing anything other than using pixels.
Just my opinion anyways :)
As an interesting side note… nowhere does it specify that the unit of measurement for images MUST be pixels… which opens up some interesting ideas. As long ago as 2002, I was demonstrating re-sizable icons as an accessibility feature, by declaring the image dimensions in ems. For a complete overview along with samples see: www.wats.ca/resources/relativesizing/20
While not appropriate all of the time, it IS a vote for continuing to declare height and width dimsneions in your source code (as I do).
Just for though…
Maybe we should all be like Jakob Nielson ( http://www.useit.com )
Images are the devil! :D
I think that this topic delves to deeply into the erroneous world of web development.
People who commit to one method or another in any form of web design will be a dissapointed developer. I think the answer is "Both-em"
A good example is www.zeldman.com, who uses an image rotator on the homepage. It is beneficial to leave those width and height callouts in the HTML for that reason. Also any image that is in the html, it would make sense to call it out there…and it seems more sense to me if the image resides in the css as a background image that it would be better to have those callouts there…seems logical.
I think that as a rule of thumb it should be in the css, as you can deploy it to various pages with one css class….If you have an image littered here and there throughout your html documents, you now have to go 1 by 1 to each call out….have fun man. I know y'all are smarter than that though ;D
I leave them out of my site and keep them in the CSS. It's an image based site (so it is pointless to cater for "images-off" browsers) and secondly becuase images come in only two sizes on my site and even then within separate divs on separate pages. So, for example, all images within "#container" have one dimension and all those within "#thumbs" have another.
Makes my life a lot easier.
If you are able to do it due to having standard image sizes then why not?
I'm in the no-attributes camp for a number of reasons (and not just because I work for W3C)
Firstly, many image formats, including most vector formats, don't have a concept of size. It's up to the presentation engine such as CSS to display them in a given area. The size that the presentation engine uses may be different depending on the media/stylesheet (screen, handheld, etc) or the type of machine the browser is running on.
Secondly, in the case where the image content really does have an intrinsic size (such as JPG/GIF/PNG) then there is no point duplicating it in markup. This makes it difficult to dynamically generate images (a server may send a scaled-down image to a mobile phone - why should I change the markup for that? I might not even control the markup… I just serve the images).
Thirdly, following on from the last one, suppose I want to replace the images used a page. If I have to change the markup as well, then it's pretty clear that I have not separated my content from presentation (and I understand that the image is content).
Finally, it's conceivable that with the way display technology is improving that we'll stop thinking in pixels in the near future. OSX Tiger already includes a resolution independent display engine (turned off at the moment), and most engines already do subpixel rendering. Combine this with formats that either don't have pixel dimensions (eg SVG, Flash, PDF) or are raster formats that are designed to be rendered at multiple (or any) resolutions (eg JPEG2000) then specifying width and height on the image element is somewhat limiting.
Of course, practical issues such as having elements on the page move around while the image loads are definitely a concern. That's a tough one, but not much different to having the stylesheet apply after some of the page has been loaded.
IMHO, images fall into two categories - content and design. If an image is part of the content of the page, the height and width attributes are just as relevant as the title attribute in an abbr tag elsewhere in that content, for example, and you wouldn't go putting *that* in a css file.
If the image forms part of the design then its attributes arguably belong in your style sheet.
I thought about something. When you don't specify the size, you aren't taking the risk of typing wrong either. If you specify a wrong number, the image would look ugly in most browsers. If you don't specify at all, it is always the right size.
Will I specify? I guess it depends. If it's content images, I don't see the big need to specify it, it's not like the layout brokes if it doesn't find the images and then doesn't render an empty space at the same size as the image, where the image was supposed to be. But if it was a layout image, I would probably do it.
Crap, how did I manage to miss this article?
There is no doubt in my mind that the width and height attributes are presentational. They just are. It's the pixel smell that gives them away.
The only problem is that currently there is no other mechanism to convey the size of the image prior it being rendered on the page. Anne mentioned it, the metadata.
Which is kind of a showstopper in some situations.
So, If you specify your image dimensions in CSS, you're stuck with inflexbility. If you specify them using width/height attributes, you do sinful things in the structural markup book.
Pick you poison.
The rules of thumb, IMHO, should be:
* If you can get away with fixed image size on the page, don't use width/height attributes.
* If you need flexibility and each image may have its own size (for instance, if part of your page contains server-generated markup with images, where you don't even know what the size of the image will be at any given moment), use them and don't sweat it.
Without height and width set, we saw pages that break in one browser, not in the other, or just in some 'older' versions, only on a slow connection or on a fast one too, depending on the cache settings, if its viewed on a local file or live, and depending on the OS at least. Maintaining a page, tweaking here and there, and the process recycles.
The most designers here are totally aware of it and can easily work around it. Takes seconds for them – when they see it.
The beginner is lost, wondering why only some visitors say that his fine positioned navbar on the right is jumpin up and down (due to an image on the left top, as we know, hidden among other things without any disturbance).
Omitting the metadata in this case leads to problems. As if there wasn't enough. Why not being pragmatic.
Think you hit it on the head:
For layout and presentational images spec the height/width in CSS (in fact try and use a background image since the  should not be viewed without a stylesheet)..
and if your image is content then the height/width are MORE THAN welcome as data.
[that xhtml2 link was intresting]
As I've stated on several occasions before the img element is one of the "replaced elements" using the markup method to define the dimensions with the attributes; width and height does not actually relate to the image itself.
It addresses the override window space you are allowing a specific object to fill in this case the image thus the markup solution is totally divorced from the image hence why the CSS solution is preferable.
Whether in the real-world it is preferable is debatable under some obscure circumstances.
Interesting article, a good read.
I've written up some comments in reply to your post.
The PHP code posted above to determine the image size is BAD. GetImageSize is not a cheap function and has no guarenteed Big-O completion time. Having PHP check the image size during processing is going to put a lot of extra load on your server that isn't necessary. Now, if you have a static cache set up that saves your PHP output as flat HTML, you're fine.
Using PHP to dynamically spit the dimensions is a great idea (one I've used myself), but scripting can't be the answer to the question of whether or not the attrib's should be in the markup or in the CSS as anon proposed in #31. Scripting is a convenience method… not a universal solution to the problem as not everybody uses it, and those who do use varying implementations
Image dimensions are not metadata. If someone in the W3 had thought about this long enough, they would have realized that *aspect ratios* are metadata for images, and pixel dimensions are purely presentational. Think about an image of a ruler, created at 72dpi, then displayed on a 96dpi monitor.


text:
Lerner warned against email chatter
Former IRS official Lois Lerner said she warned her colleagues to be careful about what they write in emails amid congressional inquiries, according to new emails released by House Oversight Republicans.
She also asked whether the IRS's internal messaging system could be searched, in the same email to an IRS colleague. It was sent April 9, 2013, less than two weeks after the IRS inspector general that unearthed the tea party targeting practice shared a draft report with the agency.
Story Continued Below
"I was cautioning folks about email and how we have had several occasions where Congress has asked for emails and there has been an electronic search for responsive emails — so we need to be cautious about what we say in emails," she wrote to Maria Hooke, the director of business systems planning for the tax-exempt division. "Someone asked if OCS conversations were also searchable — I don't know. … Do you know?"
( Also on POLITICO: Attorney: Convenient for GOP to demonize Lerner)
The emails are the latest fodder released by Republicans in their case against Lerner, who led the IRS tax-exempt unit that singled out tea party groups for added scrutiny. The practice was blasted by the inspector general last year, leading to a major shakeup at the tax agency.
Lerner's lost emails have revived the year-plus-long controversy, though Democrats say Republicans are on a witch hunt to find an elusive tie to the White House.
OCS, the acronym in the email, is the agency's internal communication system, panel staff said — like instant messaging.
The email did not mention the investigation then being conducted by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration. It was sent a month before Lerner broke the news of the tea party targeting at a law conference, not mentioning what congressional inquiries she was concerned about.
( Also on POLITICO: Lerner broke some laws, Issa charges)
Republicans latched onto the correspondence to accuse Lerner of trying to hide IRS information from investigators and also chided the IRS for only now telling the panel that there is a whole other method in which agents could communicate.
"For her to be worried right on the heels of this draft IG report that Congress may search her instant messages. … That is very troubling," said Rep. Ron DeSantis (R-Fla.)
Lerner's lawyer did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
IRS Commissioner John Koskinen, speaking at the hearing on improper government payments, said he was not there to defend Lerner, who has asserted her Fifth Amendment right not to testify before Congress twice and been held in contempt of Congress by the House since. He also cautioned IRS employees from doing anything that could be portrayed as obstructing congressional investigations, though he would not directly comment on what he thought of the new Lerner email.
"I'm not here to defend Lois Lerner. I've never met her. She doesn't work at the IRS anymore," he said, later adding: "No one should do anything to evade oversight."
For the most part, Democrats defended the IRS. Koskinen noted that he is not aware of any IRS official deliberately destroying emails and said that the agency has submitted nearly 1 million pages of documents to Congress.
( Also on POLITICO: Louie Gohmert: $1M for lost IRS emails)
The latest emails come weeks after the IRS told lawmakers it lost two years worth of Lerner's emails between 2009 and 2011, covering the first year the IRS began pulling "tea party" groups applying for tax exemptions for extra scrutiny.
Hooke in the email chain responded to Lerner and cc'd Nan Downing, the head of exempt organizations examinations: "OSC messages are not set to automatically save as the standard; however the functionality exists within the software. … My general recommendation is to treat the conservation as if it could/is being saved somewhere as it is possible for either party of the conversation to retain the information and have it turn up as part of an electric search."


text:
Now targetting next Sunday, 11th April, sign up below.....
As with all events happy to see people from all areas.
Route here http://tinyurl.com/yz8tzvs
Blondie wrote:No can do I'm afraid - Granite City Rally marshall training.
Please say you're going to get an ice-cream too? Can't go to Cullen and not get an ice-cream!!!
Return to Highland & Moray, Grampian and Tayside
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 2 guests


text:
Vertical Year - 2015 - - Strength and Dignity - Cross Necklace
Imitation Rhodium Plated Vertical Year - 2015 - Strength and Dignity - Cross Necklace. Charm size is approx. 0.73 x 0.38 x 0.07 inches (HxWxD) including loop. 1.3mm Box Chain necklace is 18"+2" Extender. Lobster claw clasp. Stainless Steel Cross is approx. 1.3 inches long. Engraved Bible verse Proverbs 31:25 - She is clothed with strength and dignity, and she laughs without fear of the future. PLEASE NOTE: Our products are lead safe, but are not intended for children 14 years and younger.
Weight (lbs.):0.1
Length (in.):20
Ships To
Additional Item
Continental United States
Alaska & Hawaii
Puerto Rico
This product usually ships in 2 business days and should be delivered in 15 business days.
Returns not accepted. Custom products cannot be returned.