text:
Non-compete clause
|Contract law
|Part of the common law series
|Contract formation
|Defenses against formation
|Contract interpretation
|Excuses for non-performance
|Rights of third parties
|Breach of contract
|Quasi-contractual obligations
|Related areas of law
|Other common law areas
In contract law, a non-compete clause (often NCC), or covenant not to compete (CNC), is a clause under which one party (usually an employee) agrees not to enter into or start a similar profession or trade in competition against another party (usually the employer). Some courts refer to these as "restrictive covenants." As a contract provision, a CNC is bound by traditional contract requirements including the consideration doctrine. The use of such clauses is premised on the possibility that upon their termination or resignation, an employee might begin working for a competitor or starting a business, and gain competitive advantage by exploiting confidential information about their former employer's operations or trade secrets, or sensitive information such as customer/client lists, business practices, upcoming products, and marketing plans.
However, an over-broad CNC may prevent an employee from working elsewhere at all. English common law originally held any such constraint to be unenforceable under the public policy doctrine.[1] Contemporary case law permits exceptions, but generally will only enforce CNCs to the extent necessary to protect the employer. Most jurisdictions in which such contracts have been examined by the courts have deemed CNCs to be legally binding so long as the clause contains reasonable limitations as to the geographical area and time period in which an employee of a company may not compete.[2]
The extent to which non-compete clauses are legally allowed varies per jurisdiction. Some jurisdictions, such as the state of California in the US, invalidate non-compete-clauses for all but equity stakeholders in businesses.[3]
As far back as Dyer's Case in 1414, English common law had already been "old and settled" that restraints on trade were unenforceable.[1] That ban remained unchanged until 1621, when a restriction that was limited to a specific geographic location was found to be an enforceable exception to the previously absolute rule.[4] Almost a hundred years later, the exception became the rule with the 1711 watershed case of Mitchel v. Reynolds[5] which established the modern framework for the analysis of the enforceability of non-compete agreements.[6]
United States
The majority of U.S. states recognize and enforce various forms of non-compete agreements. A few states, such as California, totally ban or prohibit non-compete agreements except in limited circumstances. For this reason, non-compete agreements have been popular among companies with employees working in states where they are allowed. They are very common among commercial radio stations and television stations, especially for radio personalities and television personalities working for media conglomerates. For example, if a radio or television personality quits, is laid off or fired from one station in the media market they work in, they cannot work for another competing station in the same market until their contract expires with their former employing station.
Non-compete agreements are automatically void as a matter of law in California, except for a small set of specific situations expressly authorized by statute.[7] They were outlawed by the original California Civil Code in 1872 (Civ. Code, former § 1673).[8]
Out of state agreements are not enforceable
The preeminent court decision discussing the conflict between California law and the laws of other states is the 1998 decision Application Group, Inc. v. Hunter Group, Inc. [9] In Hunter, a Maryland company required that its Maryland–based employee agree to a one-year non-compete agreement. The contract stated that it was governed by and to be construed according to Maryland law. A Maryland employee then left to work for a competitor in California. When the new California employer sued in California state court to invalidate the covenant not to compete, the California court agreed and ruled that the non-compete provision was invalid and not enforceable in California. Business and Professions Code Section 16600 reflects a "strong public policy of the State of California" and the state has a strong interest in applying its law and protecting its businesses so that they can hire the employees of their choosing. California law is thus applicable to non-California employees seeking employment in California.
Whether California courts are required by the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the United States Constitution to enforce equitable judgments from courts of other states, having personal jurisdiction over the defendant, that enjoin competition or are contrary to important public interests in California is an issue that has not yet been decided.[10]
Exceptions - valid non-compete agreements in California
There are limited situations where a reasonable non-compete agreement may be valid in California.
- Where the owner of a business is selling the entire business, or is selling the goodwill in the business, the seller may be bound by a non-compete clause.[11]
- When there is a dissolution or disassociation of a partnership.[12]
- Where there is a dissolution of a limited liability company.[13]
The enforceability of non-compete agreements in the state of Florida is quite common. Some law firms build their law practice around these agreements and represent employees, employers and potential new employers of an employee currently bound by a non-compete agreement. The agreement is not allowed to be overly broad and generally difficult to enforce if it is for more than two years.[14] However, Florida courts will rarely refuse to enforce a non-compete agreement due to its length or geographic scope. Instead, under Florida law, courts are required to "blue pencil" an impermissibly broad or lengthy non-compete agreement to make it reasonable within the limits of Fla. Stat. § 542.335.[15] Also if the agreement is part of a general employment contract then there is the possibility of a prior breach by an employer. This may cause the non-compete clause of the contract to become unenforceable. However, recent case law from Florida's appellate courts has eroded the utility of the prior breach defense.[16]
A new law bars high-tech companies in Hawaii from requiring their employees to enter into "non-compete" and "non-solicit" agreements as a condition of employment. The new law, Act 158, went into effect on July 1, 2015.[17]
Noncompete agreements will be enforced in Illinois if the agreement is ancillary to a valid relationship (employment, sale of a business, etc.) and 1) must be no greater in scope than is required to protect a legitimate business interest of the employer, 2) must not impose an undue hardship on the employee, and 3) cannot be injurious to the public.[18] While reasonable geographic and temporal limitations on the noncompete agreement are not expressly required by governing law, they tend to be examined as a measure of whether the scope of the noncompete is greater than is required to protect a legitimate business interest of the employer.[19]
Unlike other jurisdictions, which follow the general rule that consideration is only important as to whether it exists and not as to whether it is adequate, Illinois will inquire into the adequacy of consideration.[20] The majority of courts will require at least two years of continued at-will employment to support a noncompete agreement (or any other type of restrictive covenant). However, in certain cases involving particularly sharp conduct by an employee, courts have required less.
While Illinois courts state the rule above, logically the analytical steps should be in reverse order—because inadequate consideration is fatal to the claim. Thus, under McInnis v OAG [21] there are three requirements in order for a post employment restrictive covenant limiting a former employee's right to work for a competitor to be enforceable under Illinois law: (1) it must be ancillary to a valid contract; (2) it must be supported by adequate consideration; (3) it must be reasonable, considering whether it: (a) is no greater than is required for the protection of a legitimate business interest of the employer, (b) does not impose undue hardship on the employee, and c) is not injurious to the public. The McInnis decision interpreted the Fifield decision, above, to mandate two years' employment in order for consideration to be adequate.
Noncompete agreements will be enforced in Massachusetts in appropriate circumstances.[22]
Historical context
By 1837, Massachusetts had indisputably adopted the analysis established in Mitchel.[4] In 1922, the Supreme Judicial Court eliminated any doubt that restrictive covenants in the employment context would be enforced when reasonable.[23]
Current law
The basic proposition enunciated long ago continues to apply: "A covenant not to compete is enforceable only if it is necessary to protect a legitimate business interest, reasonably limited in time and space, and consonant with the public interest." [24]
Reasonableness is the touchstone of the analysis and is highly fact-dependent.[25] The context in which the CNC arises (such as employment relationship, contractual relationship) is a critical factor in the analysis.[26] A CNC that is unreasonable because it is too broad, will be scaled back if it is in fact capable of being narrowed.[27]
Even when a CNC is limited in duration, geographic reach, and scope, it will be enforced "only to the extent . . . necessary to protect the legitimate business interests of the employer." [28] Recognized legitimate business interests are generally identified as the protection of trade secrets, confidential information, and goodwill.[29]
An otherwise valid CNC must still, like other contracts, be supported by consideration. Accordingly, the Supreme Judicial Court has held that a CNC must be "ancillary . . . to an existing employment or contract of employment" or some other "permissible transaction . . . ." [30] However, consideration can exist regardless of whether the CNC is entered into at the beginning of the employment relationship, during the term of employment, or even at the end of an employment relationship.[31]
Under Texas law "a covenant not to compete is enforceable if it is ancillary to or part of an otherwise enforceable agreement at the time the agreement is made to the extent that it contains limitations as to time, geographical area, and scope of activity to be restrained that are reasonable and do not impose a greater restraint than is necessary to protect the goodwill or other business interest of the promisee."[32] Specific rules apply to physicians, notably that a physician cannot be prohibited "from providing continuing care and treatment to a specific patient or patients during the course of an acute illness even after the contract or employment has been terminated."[33]
However, Texas courts will not enforce a covenant not to compete if the court determines that such a covenant "is against public policy and therefore substantively unconscionable."[34]
In Virginia, the enforceability of covenants not to compete is governed by common law principles. As restrictions on trade, CNCs are not favored by Virginia courts, which will enforce only narrowly drafted CNCs that do not offend public policy.
In Virginia, a plaintiff must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the covenant is reasonable in the sense that it is: (1) no greater than necessary to protect its legitimate business interests, such as a trade secret; (2) not unduly harsh or oppressive in restricting the employee's ability to earn a living; and (3) not against public policy. Paramount Termite Control Co., Inc v. Rector, 380 S.E.2d 922, 924 (Va. 1989).
Legitimate business interest
In Virginia, courts weigh the (1) function, (2) geographic scope and (3) duration of the CNC against the employer's legitimate business interests to determine their reasonableness.[35] Additionally, CNCs are only reasonable if they prevent the employee from entering into direct competition with the employer and must not encompass any activity in which the employer is not engaged.[36] Virginia courts will not generally attempt to revise or enforce a narrower restriction in a non-compete agreement. As a result, a drafting error or unenforceable restriction may render the entire agreement unenforceable in Virginia.[37]
Reasonable restriction on employee's ability to earn a living
Second, to enforce the CNC, a Plaintiff must show that it is not unduly harsh or oppressive in restricting the employee's ability to earn a living. In Virginia, a CNC is not unduly harsh or oppressive if balancing its function, geographic scope and duration the employee is not precluded from (1) working in a capacity not in competition with the employer within the restricted area or (2) providing similar services outside the restricted area.[38]
Public policy
Third, to enforce a CNC, a Plaintiff must show the CNC is reasonable from the standpoint of a sound public policy. Virginia does not favor restrictions on employment and therefore CNCs are generally held against public policy unless they are narrowly drafted as enumerated above. In Virginia, a CNC does not violate public policy if the restrictions it imposes do not create a monopoly for the services offered by the employer or create a shortage of the skills provided by the employee.[39]
According to Racine v. Bender, CNCs will be enforced by courts if they are validly formed and reasonable.[40] There are exceptions, like in Labriola v. Pollard Group, Inc., where the Washington Supreme Court invalidated a CNC not supported by independent consideration by strictly enforcing the pre-existing duty rule.[41]
Canadian courts will enforce non-competition and non-solicitation agreements, however, the agreement must be limited in time frame, business scope, and geographic scope to what is reasonably required to protect the company's proprietary rights, such as confidential marketing information or client relations[42] and the scope of the agreement must be unambiguously defined. The 2009 Supreme Court of Canada case Shafron v. KRG Insurance Brokers (Western) Inc. held a non-compete agreement to be invalid due to the term "Metropolitan City of Vancouver" not being legally defined.[43]
The 2000 Ontario Court of Appeals case Lyons v. Multary established a general preference towards non-solicitation over non-competition agreements, regarding the latter as "much more drastic weapons" and held a non-competition agreement to be invalid when a non-solicitation agreement would have been sufficient to protect the company's interests.
Generally, CNCs are allowable in Europe only if the employer can show a reasonable business interest in having a CNC.
- In the Netherlands, non-compete clauses (non-concurrentiebeding or concurrentiebeding) are allowed regarding issues such as moving to a new employer and approaching customers of the old company. Unreasonable clauses can be invalidated in court.[44]
- In the United Kingdom, CNCs are called Restraint of Trade clauses and may be used only if the employer can prove a legitimate business interest to protect in entering the clause into the contract. Mere competition will not amount to a legitimate business interest.[45]
- In Germany, CNCs are allowed for a term up to two years. The employer must provide financial compensation for the duration of the CNC amounting to at least half the gross salary.[46] Unreasonable clauses - for example, excluding similar jobs throughout the whole of Germany - can be invalidated.
- In Belgium, CNCs are restricted to new employments within Belgium and for no more than one year. The employer must pay financial compensation for the duration of the CNC, amounting at least half of the gross salary for the corresponding period.[47]
- In Spain, CNCs are regulated by article 21 of the labor law. CNCs are allowed up to two years for technical professions and six months for other professions.
- In France, CNCs must be limited in time to a maximum of two years and to a region where there the employee's new work can reasonably be seen as competitive. The region can be a city or the whole country, depending on the circumstances. The employer can be forced to pay financial compensation, typically 30 percent of the last salary, depending on the circumstances surrounding the termination of the employment. A CNC may not unreasonably limit the possibilities of the employee to find a new employment.
- In Romania, CNCs are regulated by article 20-4 of the labor code and restricted to two years for managing positions and six months for other positions. The employer must pay financial compensation for the duration of the CNC, amounting to at least 25 percent of the last salary. ACI Worldwide has been known to block employees even after changing their job several times.
- In Portugal, CNCs are regulated by article 136 of the labor code and restricted to two years extendible to three years in cases of access to particularly sensitive information. The employer must pay financial compensation for the duration of the CNC but the law doesn't specify anything regarding the amount of the compensation.[48]
- in Italy CNCs are regulated by articles 2125, 2596 and 1751 bis of the civil code.
Section 27 of Indian Contract Act has a general bar on any agreement that puts a restriction on trade.[49] On this basis, it would appear that all non-compete clauses in India are invalid. However, the Supreme Court of India has clarified that some non-compete clauses may be in interest of trade and commerce, and such clauses are not barred by Section 27 of the Contract Act, and therefore valid in India.[50] Notably, only those clauses backed by a clear objective that is considered to be in advantage of trade and commerce survives this test. For instance, a co-founder of a startup who signed a non-compete clause can be held to it,[51] but if a junior software developer or a call center employee signs a non-compete clause with the employer the same may not be enforceable.[52]
According to Section 27 of Contract Act, 1872, any agreement that restrains a person from exercising a lawful profession, trade or business is void.[53] However, courts of Pakistan have made decisions in the past in favour of such restrictive clauses given that the restrictions are "reasonable".[54] The definition of "reasonable" depends on the time-period, geographical location and the designation of employee. The High Court of Sindh in Exide Pakistan Limited vs. Abdul Wadood, 2008 CLD 1258 (Karachi) stated that reasonableness of the clause will vary from case to case and depends mainly on duration and extent of geographical territory [55]
Related restrictive covenants
While CNCs are one of the most common types of restrictive covenants, there are many others. Each serves a specific purpose and provides specific rights and remedies. The most common types of restrictive covenants are as follows:
- Garden-leave clause: a type of CNC by which an employee is compensated during the period that the employee is restricted.
- Forfeiture-for-Competition Agreement and Compensation-for-Competition Agreement: an agreement by which an employee either forfeits certain benefits or pays some amount of money to engage in activities that are competitive with his former employer.
- Forfeiture agreement: an agreement by which an employee forfeits benefits when his employment terminates, regardless of whether he engages in competitive activities.
- Nondisclosure/confidentiality agreement: an agreement by which a party agrees not to use or disclose the other party's confidential information.
- Nonsolicitation agreement: an agreement by which an employee agrees not to solicit and/or not to accept business from the employer's customers.
- Antipiracy agreement: an agreement by which an employee agrees not to solicit and/or not to hire the employer's employees.
- Invention assignment agreement: an agreement by which an employee assigns to the employer any potential inventions conceived of during employment.
The enforceability of these agreements depends on the law of the particular state. As a general rule, however, with the exception of invention assignment agreements, they are subject to the same analysis as other CNCs.[56]
- In 2005, Microsoft and Google litigated the enforceability of a non-compete clause in Kai-Fu Lee's employment contract with Microsoft. Difference in state laws were highlighted as Google attempted to maneuver the case to California courts, where California law would be more likely to hold the clause unenforceable.[8]
- IBM v. Papermaster (No. 08-9078, 2008 U.S. Dist): Mark Papermaster moving from IBM to Apple computer in 2008.[57]
- In April 2010, after a year of non-compete clause stipulated on the contract, Paul Teutul Jr., formerly from Orange County Choppers, was able to start his own new non-motorcycle design company.[58]
- On 2 September 2013 Microsoft litigated the enforceability of a non-compete clause on Nokia preventing it from producing any mobile devices under the Nokia name through 31 December 2015.
- 1 2 Alger, 36 Mass. at 52 (1837).
- ↑ Oblon, David. "Maryland Federal Court Voids Non-Compete Even After "Blue Penciling" It. (2012)". albo-oblon.com. Albo-Oblon L.L.P. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ↑ Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §§ 16600, 16601
- 1 2 Alger, 36 Mass. at 53 (1837).
- ↑ Mitchel v. Reynolds, 24 Eng. Rep. 347 (Q.B. 1711)
- ↑ C. L. Fisk, Working Knowledge: Trade Secrets, Restrictive Covenants in Employment, and the Rise of Corporate Intellectual Property, 1800-1920, 52 Hastings Law Journal no. 2, 453-54 (2001); see also Alger, 36 Mass. at 53.
- ↑ Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 16600; see e.g. Edwards v. Arthur Andersen LLP, 44 Cal. 4th 937 (2008).
- 1 2 "Calif. Supreme Court finds noncompete clauses invalid". CNET. November 8, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
Microsoft and Google battled over a noncompete clause in 2005, when Google hired Kai-Fu Lee, an expert in speech recognition technology, even though he had signed a noncompete agreement at Microsoft. Google unsuccessfully worked to move the case from Washington to California, in hopes that the noncompete clause would be ruled invalid. The case was eventually settled outside of court.
- ↑ 61 Cal. App. 4th 881 (1998).
- ↑ See EMC Corp. v. Donatelli, Suffolk Superior Court, Civil Action 09-1727-BLS2 (2009).
- ↑ Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 16601.
- ↑ Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 16602.
- ↑ Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 16602.5.
- ↑ State of Florida. "542.335 - Valid Restraints of Trade". Online Sunshine. State of Florida. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
- ↑ Vanko, Kenneth. "A Quick State-By-State Guide on the Blue-Pencil Rule". Legal Developments In Non-Competition Agreements. Kenneth Vanko. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
- ↑ Pollard, Jonathan. "Recent Florida Non-Compete Cases: A Decision from the 3rd DCA on Independent Clauses". Jonathan Pollard LLC. Jonathan Pollard LLC. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
- ↑ Hawaii Bans Non-Compete and Non-Solicit Clauses in High-Tech Employment
- ↑ Reliable Fire Equipment Co. v. Arredondo, 2011 IL 111871 (2011).
- ↑ Bires v. Waltom, Case No. 8-4680 (2009).
- ↑ Fifield v. Premier Dealer Services, 993 N.E.2d 938, 942 (Ill. App. Ct. 1st Dist. 2013) (2013).
- ↑ McInnis v OAG 2015 IL App (1st) 130097 (June 25, 2015)
- ↑ See e.g., Novelty Bias Binding Co. v. Shevrin, 342 Mass. 714, 716 (1961); Marine Contractors Co., Inc. v. Hurley, 365 Mass. 280, 287 (1974); Edwards v. Athena Capital Advisors, Inc., C.A. No. 07-2418-E, 2007 Mass. Super. LEXIS 378, 4-5 (Super. Ct. Aug. 7, 2007). See also Noncompete Agreements That Don't Mean What They Say; Negotiating, Drafting and Enforcing Noncompetition Agreements & Related Restrictive Covenants (MCLE 5th Ed. 2015).
- ↑ See Sherman v. Pfefferkorn, 241 Mass. 468 (1922).
- ↑ Lunt v. Campbell, No. 07-3845-BLS, *5 (Super. Ct Sept. 2007), quoting Boulanger v. Dunkin' Donuts Inc., 442 Mass. 635, 639 (2004), citing Marine Contrs. Co. v. Hurley, 365 Mass. 280, 287-88, 289 (1974) and All Stainless, Inc. v. Colby, 364 Mass. 773, 778 (1974).
- ↑ Edwards v. Athena Capital Advisors, Civil Action No. 07-2418-E (Super. Ct. Aug. 7, 2007) ("Covenants not to compete are valid if they are reasonable in view of all the facts in a particular case."), citing Marine Contractors. Co. v. Hurley, 365 Mass. 280, 287-288 (1974); All Stainless, Inc. v. Colby, 364 Mass. 773, 778 (1974).
- ↑ Sentry Ins. v. Firnstein, 14 Mass. App. Ct. 706, 707 (1982) (quoting Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 188 comment g (1981)); Zabota Community Center, Inc. v. Frolova, No. 061909BLS1, *2 (May 18, 2006).
- ↑ See Edwards v. Athena Capital Advisors, Inc., C.A. No. 07-2418-E, 2007 Mass. Super. LEXIS 378 (Super. Ct., Aug. 7, 2007), quoting All Stainless, Inc. v. Colby, 364 Mass. 773, 778 (1974).
- ↑ EMC Corp. v. Gresham, No. 01-2084-BLS (Super. Ct. Nov. 2001), citing Novelty Bias Binding Co. v. Shevrin, 342 Mass. 714, 716 (1961); Marine Contractors Co., Inc. v. Hurley, 365 Mass. 280, 287 (1974).
- ↑ Marine Contractors Co., Inc. v. Hurley, 365 Mass. 280, 287 (1974), citing All Stainless, Inc. v. Colby, 364 Mass. 773, 779-80 (1974); Sentry Insurance v. Firnstein, 14 Mass. App. Ct. 706, 708 (1982); Lunt v. Campbell, No. 07-3845-BLS, *5 (Super. Ct. Sept. 2007), citing Boulanger v. Dunkin' Donuts Inc., 442 Mass. 635, 641 (2004); EMC Corp. v. Gresham, No. 01-2084-BLS (Super. Ct. Nov. 2001), citing Kroeger v. Stop & Shop Co. Inc., 13 Mass. App. Ct. 310, 316 (1982).
- ↑ Novelty Bias Binding Co., v. Shevrin, 342 Mass. 714, 716-17 (1961).
- ↑ See Marine Contractors Co., Inc. v. Hurley, 365 Mass. 280, 288 (1974) ("Marine's interest in protecting its accrued good will from possible incursions by Hurley is not weakened by the fact that it negotiated the agreement not to compete at the end of Hurley's employment rather than at some earlier time."); Novelty Bias Binding Co., v. Shevrin, 342 Mass. 714 (1961); Richmond Bros. Inc. v. Westinghouse Bdcst. Co. Inc., 357 Mass. 106 (1970). But see Zabota Community Center, Inc. v. Frolova, No. 061909BLS1, *2 n.3 (Super. Ct. May 2006) (Although the plaintiff cited its mid-employment threat of termination as proof of consideration for the CNC, the court "exercising its equitable powers, sees it rather differently.").
- ↑ Texas Business and Commerce Code, Section 15.50a.
- ↑ Texas Business and Commerce Code, Section 15.50b.
- ↑ Sec. Serv. Fed. Credit Union v. Sanders, 264 S.W.3d 292, 297 (Tex. App.–San Antonio 2008, orig. proceeding)
- ↑ See Advanced Marine Enters., Inc. v. PRC Inc., 501 S.E.2d 148, 155 (Va. 1998); Simmons v. Miller, 544 S.E.2d 666, 678 (Va. 2001) (stating that the function, geographic scope and duration of the CNC must be considered together to determine the reasonableness of the restriction).
- ↑ See e.g. Omniplex World Servs. Corp. v. US Investigations Servs., Inc., 618 S.E.2d 340, 342 (Va. 2005) ("covenants not to compete have only been upheld when employees are prohibited from competing directly with the former employer or through employment with a direct competitor."); see also Motion Control Sys. v. East, 546 S.E.2d 424 (Va. 2001).
- ↑ Non-Competition Law Trends in Virginia, Virginia Employment Lawyers Blog, June 5, 2015
- ↑ See Paramount, 380 S.E.2d at 925.
- ↑ See Blue Ridge Anesthesia & Critical Care, Inc. v. Gidick, 389 S.E.2d 467, 470 (Va. 1990); Paramount, 380 S.E.2d at 925.
- ↑ Racine v. Bender, 141 Wash. 606, 615, 252 P. 115 (1927)
- ↑ Ayres, I., and Speidel, R.E. Studies in Contract Law, Seventh Edition. Foundation Press, New York, NY: 2008, p. 81
- ↑ http://www.cba.org/abc/nouvelles/pdf/ADD-enforceability.pdf
- ↑ http://www.canadianlawyermag.com/Ambiguity-makes-non-compete-clause-invalid-SCC.html
- ↑ "Gebonden aan concurrentiebeding?". Intermediair. 2004. Archived from the original on 2006-06-14.
- ↑
- ↑ German law, §74 HBS, abs. 2
- ↑ Clause de non-concurrence – conditions de validité. DroitBelge.net.
- ↑ Portuguese labour code, Article 136
- ↑
- ↑ Non-compete clauses in Employment Agreements: Are they enforceable in India?, iPleaders.in, 29 May 2014, retrieved 31 October 2014
- ↑ CO-FOUNDER'S AGREEMENT: Things you should look out for while entering into a co-founders agreement, iPleaders.in, 9 June 2014, retrieved 31 October 2014
- ↑ Is a non compete contract valid in India? If yes, to what level?, quora.com, 18 August 2012, retrieved 31 October 2014
- ↑ Labor and Employment Practice Group Non-Competition, LexMundi Puplications Ltd., 2010, retrieved 24 May 2016
- ↑ Can I be stopped from undertaking competitive work after resignation from a company?, 13 March 2014, retrieved 24 May 2016
- ↑ Counsel Pakistan - Corporate Decisions See Exide Pakistan Ltd. vs. Malik Abdul Wadood 2009 CLD 716 (Division Bench – Karachi)
- ↑ For more detailed information, see Beyond the noncompete
- ↑ "Apple Exec Hired From IBM Ordered to Stop Work". PC World. November 8, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
In June 2006, Papermaster signed a non-compete agreement in which he agreed not to work for an IBM competitor for at least a year if he ever left IBM, according to court documents. He informed IBM of the Apple job offer last month. On October 20, IBM offered him a pay raise as well as the option to accept one year's salary if he promised not to go to a competitor, but Papermaster submitted his resignation the next day. On October 22, IBM filed suit.
- ↑ "Paul Teutul Jr Designs, A New Orange county Chopper versus Paul Teutul Sr?". TrendyPress. August 13, 2010. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
Alger v. Thacher, 36 Mass. 51, 52 (1837).
California Business and Professions Code


text:
Sushi Fuji
Asian Chao and Sushi Fuji are both part of Food Systems Unlimited, which was founded in 1991. Offering a distinct variety of tasty Asian dishes, Asian Chao/Sushi Fuji's goal is NOT to serve "fast food" but to serve delicious food quickly. Both Asian Chao and Sushi Fuji place a high priority on customer service to ensure a positive dining experience each and every time.
STORE HOURSMonday to Saturday 10AM–9:30PM |
Sunday 11AM–7PM |
SPECIAL HOURS05/27/2019: 10AM–9:30PM (Memorial Day)
Use mall entrance on the upper level of the Bloomingdale's and Dick's Sporting Goods parking deck
Located on the upper level in the Dining District, between Bloomingdale's and Dick's Sporting Goods

subset: commoncrawl


text: Guys that do this song:Common Rider Song:Signal Signal this be me first tab. I tried not to screw it up, but I probably did. I am prone to screwing things up. Use ska up strokes for the chords. Tis a good song so dont butcher it by playing it wrong(just kidding). And if I screwed it up, stop using this tab. [intro] [Verse] Dm C A# Seems like he had to wait a long time Fill#1 before he gathered any answers Dm C A# And by the time they came, he was just about down Dm C Saw him looking in the schoolyard A# A in the churches and the poolhall Dm C A# Trying to find an exit from desolation town [Chorus] Dm C A# A Halcyon nights and radio waves Dm C Signal Signal Signal A# A Never fade away [Verse] Dm C A# Fill#1 The day that he heard it he was looking in the mirror Dm C A# A There were no more threads, there was no more help Dm And he knew without doubt C A# A that the Classics of Love would not come from some bright star above Dm C A# but would only be delivered through his own self [Chorus] Break(same as intro) Sax Solo (if you just keep playing the same rythim then the chords are the same) [Chorus] [Outro] same as intro END Chords used Dm C A# A e-5--8--6--5--| B-6--8--6--5--| G-7--9--7--6--| D-7--10-8--7--| A-x--x--x--x--| E-x--x--x--x--| [intro] Palm muted (if you dont know what that is. It means with the hand you are strumming with, lay your palm on the srings lightly, kind of close to the bridge as you play and it will give a muffled the amount pressure you put on the strings determines how it will sound) A-5--5-8-7-5--------------------| x4 on the 4th time you only play the notes on the A string then the starts E-------------5-55-3-5----------| Fill#1 A# A e-66666-5--| B-66666-5--| G-77777-6--| D-88888-7--| A-88888-7--| E-66666-5--| Fill#2 A----8-7-5-----------| E----------8-5-------| On the last chorus you can add this fill it will go like this Dm C A# A Halcyon nights and radio waves Dm C Signal Signal Signal A# A FILL#2 Never Fade Away Sax solo for guitar e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| B-----------------------------------------------------------------8-6-5---8-6-5-------------------6-5-------8----5-----| G--------------------------------------------------5-7-5----5---------------------7-5--5-7---5--7-----7-5--------------| D----------5-7---8-7--5-----------------------5--7--------7------------------------------------------------------------| A--5----7-----------------8-7--8-7-5-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| E-------------------------------------8--5-----------------------------------------------------------------------------| tabbed by matt m. If you have any questions, feel free to ask some one who can help you. Cause I can't.


text: Every year, the Sundance Film Festival hosts an impressive number of independent films, documentaries, and short films from all around the world. Titles like The Usual Suspects, Memento, Reservoir Dogs, Clerks, Napoleon Dynamite, Super-Size Me, Saw, and Little Miss Sunshine have all found success at the world-renowned festival. So it's no surprise that this years line-up is definitely keeping with that reputation. A number of documentaries, including the Amir Bar-Lev's Grateful Dead tribute Long Strange Trip and Jeff Orlowski's follow-up to his 2012 Chasing Ice feature, Chasing Coral, have already premiered to great praise from festival attendees and critics alike. At the same time, a number of films have already been purchased for distribution, including Patti Cake$ by former doorman-turned-filmmaker Wass Stevens, which sold to Fox Searchlight for $10.5 million! Here are a few of the festival entries that have caught our eye for expanded release. We'll post more information about domestic releases as we get further into the year. Continue reading


text:
The Hole-in-One-Cutter hole-drilling system consists of two types of continuously adjusting radius blades, a drill guide, and a dust cover that collects falling debris. A high-speed steel blade cuts sheetrock, plywood, wood, and acrylic sheet up to 1 in. thick, and a tungsten carbide-tipped blade cuts aluminum and brass sheets as thick as 0.0625 in. thick. The system also includes a set of counter weights to minimize gyration during use.
New Tools International
For more information, visit www.newtoolsinternational.com.
Hide comments


text:
Unless we take drastic action about a quarter of the earth's species (more than a quarter of the large predators) will disappear by the year 2020. Stichting The Wasmoeth Wildlife Foundation (TWWF) has been established to help save some of these animal species that are threatened with extinction.
We are glad you have chosen to visit our site and now invite you to click on one of the threatened species illustrated on the left. Perhaps you'd like to know more about us (General) or about the sort of organizations and individuals we work with (Partners). We are involved in all sorts of wildlife conservation programs (Projects), and hope you might be able to help us with money or energy. Perhaps we could help your own wildlife project along (Grants). If you'd like to give us your ideas or views, please send us an email (Contact us). TWWF is a new foundation (established in 2001) and needs all the assistance you can give us to help save some of the world's most splendid creatures.


text:
This is an excerpt from Sport in America: From Colonial Leisure to Celebrity Figures and Globalization, Volume II, edited by David K. Wiggins.
With the overwhelming dominance of U.S. entertainment content—especially films, television, and music—around the globe, it is no surprise that the National Football League has worked to build a worldwide audience for American football and its premier television event. From the NFL's perspective, it is expanding the market for its product. Don Garber, then senior Vice President of NFL International, explained in 1999: 'We invest in a long-term plan to help the sport grow around the world. The vision is to be a leading global sport. We need to create awareness and encourage involvement.'
But the desire for global dominance of American football extends beyond just the NFL's profit-oriented interests. As an American cultural ritual, it is increasingly relevant (and increasingly common) that the Super Bowl is represented as the greatest and most watched sporting event on the planet. The enormous, estimated Super Bowl audience of between 800 million and a billion represents at least two competing ideals. On one hand, the Super Bowl's portrayal in mainstream U.S. news media as the leading international sporting event seems to combat post-cold war fragmentation by emphasizing increasing global unity, via a world-wide, shared Super Bowl experience. On the other, it is significant that this international unity is a unity not focused around World Cup soccer (which is football to the majority of the planet), but around American football, a U.S.-controlled export. Herein lies the great solipsism of the Super Bowl. To a large extent, Americans (and their mass media) cannot imagine—or do not wish to—the Super Bowl as being anything less than the biggest, 'baddest', and best sporting event in the world.
To imagine the Super Bowl as being this top sporting event is to ignore the counter-evidence of several other major sporting events:
For more empirical evidence of the relative global insignificance of American football in general and of the Super Bowl in particular we turn to another manifestation of the post-modern spirit that has transformed the Super Bowl into a carnival of consumption: the CNN World Report (CNNWR). According to corporate legend, CNNWR is Ted Turner's maverick attempt to correct the distortions of American television news coverage of the global scene. Launched on 25 October 1987, CNNWR was designed to provide an alternative vision of global journalism, a vision that transcends the nationalistic framing that contaminates conventional international reporting by the U.S. broadcasting networks. As the program's founding executive producer, Stuart Looring, describes it, Turner's 'Big Idea' for CNNWR was deceptively simple: 'Our basic role is to be a huge bulletin board in space on which the world's news organizations can tack up their notices, unedited and uncensored.' But while CNN does not edit nor censor the content of the stories submitted to CNNWR, a few ground rules still apply:
According to Ralph M. Wenge, current executive producer of CNNWR, 'the only time we ever work with any of those reports is if somebody has such a strong accent that we can't understand it; then we retrack it in Atlanta.' Furthermore, in providing this unique 'horizontal news channel', CNN still reserves the right to 'arrange the individual contributor segment packages into the most appealing sequences for maximum viewer interest.'
Our own sampling of World Report programs suggests that the CNNWR has remained just as ungovernable and diversified and refreshingly deviant as when it was launched. A collection of conventional hard news stories, thinly-veiled propaganda, unpaid advertising for tourist industries, funny animal videos, environmental activism, and insightful cultural features, the metaphor that seem most able to capture the meaning and significance of CNNWR is not a carnival, but a circus. With wild animals, clowns, ring masters, and death defying heroics, the CNNWR is an example of post-modern culture in which all truth is a matter of point-of-view—and the distinctions between high and low, strong and weak, professional and amateur, information and entertainment, First World and Third World, friend and foe, no longer matter.
Using the several key-word searches of the CNNWR Archive, we determined that, if coverage in this post-modern, transnational, news venue is any indication, the Super Bowl is a relatively minor blip on the global sports scene. Here are the results:
Of the eight American football stories:
By way of comparison, consider the preceding results in relation to key-word searches linked to other sports and sporting events:
Clearly, American football occupies a marginal position in the world of sports reported by CNNWR—a position that puts it in roughly the same place on the hierarchy of world sports as cricket (which produced 11 results in the key-word search of the CNNWR Archive).
Although the Super Bowl holds second-level status among world sporting events, the National Football League and other organizations have actively promoted American football to an international audience at least since the early 1980s. In England in 1982 the then-new Channel 4 joined with the NFL and the U.S. brewing giant Anheuser-Busch to show a weekly edited highlight program of American football. This program (edited versions of a featured game's highlights with flashy graphics and rock and roll music) offered novel programming for Channel 4 and strategic marketing opportunities to develop a British taste for American football and Budweiser beer. (Anheuser-Busch later even established the Budweiser League that organized a competition of local, American-style, football clubs.) Although the size of the television audience for American football in the United Kingdom grew between 1982 and 1990, its popularity peaked in the mid 1980s and leveled off to a little over two millions for the average game audience by 1990, leading the British sport researcher Joe Maguire to conclude that, 'while American football may be an emergent sport in English society, it certainly has not achieved dominance.'
The first instance of an international audience for the Super Bowl mentioned in the NFL Record and Fact Book on-line is for the year 1985. That Super Bowl, notable for President Reagan doing the game's coin toss shortly after he took his second term oath of office, attracted nearly 116 million viewers in the U.S. The Record and Fact Book also notes that, in addition, 'six million people watched the Super Bowl in the United Kingdom and a similar number in Italy.' In that same year the NFL adopted a resolution to begin its series of preseason, international, exhibition games, which would field NFL teams in foreign countries to build interest in American football.
In 1986 the Record and Fact Book noted, 'Super Bowl XX was televised to 59 foreign countries and beamed via satellite to the QE II. An estimated 300 million Chinese viewed a tape delay of the game in March' (more than a month later). The international broadcast remained at about 60 countries for the next several years; but by the end of the cold war the NFL greatly expanded the Super Bowl's reach. In 1993, according to the Record and Fact Book, the game was shown live or taped in 101 countries. However, the data for the numbers of countries and viewers are often wildly reported. For the same 1993 Super Bowl (this one was notable for Michael Jackson's 'Heal the World' halftime performance), the Los Angeles Times reported that the NFL estimated 'an audience of more than one billion people in the United States and 86 other countries', USA Weekend noted 'an estimated one billion viewers in more than 70 countries', and Amusement Business (an industry journal concerned with the halftime program) explained the 'television audience is estimated at 1.3 billion in 86 countries, which is one reason Jackson agreed to participate.'
By 1999 the estimates of audience size were smaller, but the scope of the international coverage had expanded to include more nations and more languages. The NFL reported that:
Nearly 800 million NFL fans around the world are expected to tune in to watch. International broadcasters will televise the game to at least 180 countries and territories in 24 different languages from Pro Player Stadium: Chinese (Mandarin), Danish, Catalan, Dutch, Norwegian, English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Russian, and Spanish.
In addition, the game will be broadcast in Arabic, Bulgarian, Cantonese, Flemish, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Icelandic, Korean, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Thai, and Turkish. Approximately 90 per cent of the international coverage will be through live telecast of Super Bowl XXXIII.
ERA in Taiwan, RDS (Canada), SAT 1 (Austria, Germany, and Switzerland), Sky (United Kingdom), TV-2 (Norway), and TV-2 (Denmark) will be broadcasting on-site for the first time.
On Sunday, 30 January 2000 the Los Angeles Times noted that 'the game will be broadcast on 225 television stations, 450 radio stations, and in 180 countries. The cliché about a billion people in China not caring is no longer applicable.' Yet the notion that the entire world pauses to pay homage to the Super Bowl is national mythology, continuously constructed via the NFL and the U.S. mass media. As we shall argue below, it is likely that more than a billion people in China do not even have the opportunity to care about the Super Bowl.
The most interesting element of the international audience claims is that the trend (with the exception of 1993—perhaps a top talent like Michael Jackson was expected to draw a larger audience and thus generate record audience estimates) is always upward. This climbing trajectory, of course, is the trend expected of everything connected to the Super Bowl. Yet the growing number of countries receiving the broadcast and the enormous numbers of the estimated or potential audience seem to us to be more of a technical achievement than an indication of popularity. In fact, the record of the NFL's appeal beyond the borders of the United States is mixed. The League's exhibition games overseas have often gone well. For example, the first of the so-called 'American Bowls' on 3 August 1986 at Wembley Stadium in London (and co-sponsored by the American football booster, Budweiser beer) drew a sell-out crowd of 82,699. The NFL did not take any chances, and scheduled the Super Bowl champions, the Chicago Bears, to play the high-profile Dallas Cowboys in the game (which the Bears won). In August 1994 a record crowd of 112,376 attended an American Bowl game in Mexico City between Dallas and Houston. By 2000, 34 American Bowls had been played in 11 cities outside the U.S., with an average attendance of 58,474.
Although the one-day American Bowl events do well in local attendance, as the fans watch the very best NFL talent, the NFL's attempts to establish international American football leagues have been mediocre at best. In 1991 the NFL created the World League of American Football, which would be the first sports league to operate with teams in North America and Europe, playing on a weekly basis. In 1995, after a two-year hiatus, the WLAF (an acronym with potentially annoying puns for a struggling league) returned to action with just six teams in Europe. On 23 June of that same year the Frankfurt Galaxy defeated the Amsterdam Admirals 26-22, and won the 1995 World Bowl before a crowd of 23,847 in Amsterdam's Olympic Stadium. There were plenty of empty seats there, and the NFL made no claims to a huge world audience for the World Bowl. By the 1998 season the WLAF was renamed the NFL Europe League, which continues to play with six teams. The NFL's international division—formerly founded as NFL International in 1996—continues its efforts to build grass-roots interest in American football through activities such as sponsored flag football leagues in every NFL Europe city and in Japan, Canada, and Mexico. By 2000 NFL International boasted that more than one million children around the world played NFL Flag Football, and counted Canada, Mexico, Australia, and Japan among its 'priority markets'.
Related Excerpts
Get the latest news, special offers, and updates on authors and products. SIGN UP NOW!
About Our Products
Book Excerpts
News and Articles
About Us
Career Opportunities
Business to Business
Author Center
HK Today Newsletter
Exam/Desk Copies
Language rights translation
Associate Program
Rights and Permissions
Certifying Organizations
Continuing Education Policies
Connect with Us
Terms & Conditions
Privacy Policy
Safe Harbor


text:
I was one credit away from graduating college when I first learned what a drone was. It's not just something for the military, and it's not something far off in the future.
It's actually something you can buy for a few hundred dollars at Brookstone or B&H Photo, and it's something that college campuses are turning into curriculum.
To graduate, I audited a course for one credit on drone journalism. That's a course where they teach how newsrooms will one day all have drones to take pictures or gather news information from the air.
Media often portrays this new wave of drones as a mechanism of tracking endangered rhinos or shooting Hollywood films. But when I moved from rural Missouri to San Francisco, I found that drones weren't actually that uncommon. For a growing number of people, they're a way of life.
They fly over outdoor concerts. Two friends texted me that they saw a drone flying over this year's commencement ceremony at UC Berkeley. I've spotted one outside my apartment complex. Drones are becoming more ubiquitous and easy to spot; the key is finding the operator behind it.
So who is flying them? Like most areas of tech, the drone industry is overwhelmingly male. And many people have different reasons for using a drone. If there was a Breakfast Club sequel solely for drones, this would be the cast.
The tinkerer. He's an avid participator on a forum for RC enthusiasts. He built his drone himself in a garage using some PVC pipes and an Arduino. He probably belongs to a model RC club and flies it above the high school track on weekends to test out his latest build.
That guy with too much money. He wants a Tesla. He camped out in front of the Apple Store for an iPhone. Now he flies a drone. He's the guy who foregoes the camera-with-a-timer-on-a-tripod trick to take family photos. His Christmas card picture was taken with a drone. After he finishes his sand volleyball tournament, he goes to take some pictures of the beach, using a drone of course.
The entrepreneur. He has a million ideas for a new startup that involves a drone. Beer delivery? Dry cleaning delivery? Taco delivery? His investment cost was no more than the $1000 price tag on a drone. Perhaps one day his business will be worth as much as Snapchat.
The gamer. Super Mario Bros is so 1985. This guy played video games a lot as a kid, but now the video game has become a reality. He uses his drone to fly in the park, weaving between trees at full speed. Flying is not only fun for this guy, it's a game.
Oh yeah, and then there's me. If you want to follow my side project, @TheDroneGirl, which was started in an effort to be on the cutting edge of how drones can make journalism more efficient. Check out my website, The Drone Girl, for the latest news on drones and journalism.
-Sally French
Follow Sally on Twitter Follow @SAFmedia
More on drones at MarketWatch:
Attack of the drones: Invest or run screaming?
A field guide to drones (interactive)
Cody Willard's 3 best stock picks for the drone revolution


text:
(CNN) -- The United Nations Security Council has condemned political violence in Guinea that reportedly killed nearly 160 people.
Police arrest a protester on Monday near a stadium in Guinea's capital Conakry during a protest.
The council Wednesday expressed its "utmost concern" about reports that government troops fired on people attending a political rally and that rapes occurred "on public streets" in broad daylight, said Susan Rice, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations.
The council urged authorities in Guinea to end the violence, bring to justice those responsible, release political prisoners and allow a return to democratic rule with elections scheduled to be held next year, Rice said.
Violence erupted Monday in the West African nation at a stadium full of people attending a political rally.
Western governments and human rights groups say the Guinean military opened fire on civilians.
The Guinean government has said most of the victims were crushed as the crowd stormed the stadium doors. "According to preliminary investigations, most of the innocent victims died as a result of being crushed in the crowd," a statement on the government's Web site said.
Reports put the death toll at 157, with more than 1,200 people injured, U.S. State Department Spokesman Ian Kelly said in a statement Tuesday.
"The United States condemns the Guinean military's brazen and inappropriate use of force against civilians," Kelly said. "The military also stands accused of carrying out brutal rapes and sexual assaults on women demonstrators and bystanders during its rampage."
On Tuesday, the African Union expressed its "grave concern" about the situation. "The (AU) Commission strongly condemns the indiscriminate firing on unarmed civilians, which left dozens dead and many others injured, while serious other violations of human rights were committed," the AU stated.
Tens of thousands of people were protesting the rule of Capt. Moussa Dadis Camara, who seized power in a bloodless coup in December, according to U.S.-based Human Rights Watch.
The United States demanded the immediate release of opposition leaders and a return to civilian rule, the State Department statement said.
Human Rights Watch also condemned the violence against "generally peaceful demonstrators" and urged the government "to hold accountable the security forces." It quoted victims and witnesses who said security forces sexually assaulted women at the demonstration and also attacked demonstrators with knives and bayonets.
"Women were raped by soldiers in the stadium. I saw them," former Guinean prime minister Sidya Touré told the French newspaper Le Monde. Touré led the country from 1996-1999 and was participating in the peaceful demonstration.
Christine Jamet, of Doctors Without Borders, was in Conakry and said that her organization saw victims both with injuries resulting from being crushed, and others with gunshot wounds.
The people who came seeking aid were in shock over the incident, Jamet told CNN.
The government blamed "certain political leaders" for staging the demonstration despite being asked not to do so and warned that security could not be guaranteed for the gathering.
The leaders stormed the stadium, "breaking down doors and the main entryways, causing much violence that left dozens of victims, including 53 who died by suffocation and four killed by ricocheting bullets, which were recorded that day by authorities working with the Guinean Red Cross and verified by hospital officials," the government said.
It accused the leaders of looting two police commissaries before the demonstrations, letting prisoners out of jail and stealing weapons.
The government said it condemns "these deliberate acts in violation of the law, and are working to find and bring to justice those responsible for these reprehensible acts."
The capital was mostly quiet after the incident, Jamet said, but later in the day people started opening up shops and resuming their regular activities.
The AU noted that the violence comes amid serious uncertainties and setbacks in the effort to restore constitutional order to Guinea after the December coup. The AU urged the coup leaders to stick to their vow not to run for office in the January presidential election.
The European Union's foreign policy chief Javier Solana, also condemned the actions of security forces in Conakry on Monday.
Solana called "for the immediate release of the arrested political leaders and call(ed) on the authorities to exercise maximum restraint and ensure a peaceful and democratic transition."
Guinea was thrown into turmoil in December after the death of President Lansana Conte. He was one of only two presidents to rule Guinea, after it gained independence from France in 1958.
Conte came to power in 1984, when the military seized control of the government after the death of the first president, Sekou Touré.
Following his death, Camara seized control in a bloodless military coup and declared himself president of the National Council for Democracy, which he called a transitional body that would oversee the country's return to democracy.
All About Guinea • African Union • U.S. Department of State • United Nations • Human Rights Watch


text:
Input My Coach Profile Information
Welcome to the CompuSport learning program. If you haven't taken a look at your most recent Session information, please visit your "My Performance" page. There you will be able to review the Session videos (USOC Tier 1 Athletes), the errors we discussed during the Session, as well as a detailed list of all of the Performance Variables that we use to determine the quality of your performance. If you'd like to ask questions about your Session, click on the Email My Coach link and send me your questions.
Smith Gilbert succeeds Ron Allice, who retired earlier this month after guiding the Trojans the past 19 years. Allice led the USC men's and women's programs to a combined 25 NCAA Top 10 finishes, including the 2001 NCAA women's team title, as well as 32 individual NCAA titles.
"We are thrilled to have Caryl join the Trojan Family as our Director of Track and Field for our men's and women's programs," said Haden. "USC has a glorious track and field tradition and Caryl is the right person to build on that tradition. She is more than ready to take on this position.
"She has a superb history of success in her career. She knows how to develop athletes, as evidenced by the steady improvement of her UCF program and the number of records her athletes set. She has recruited very well and knows the recruiting landscape in California. And her athletes have performed incredibly well academically."
Said Smith Gilbert, who has produced 4 NCAA individual champions and more than 50 conference titlists in her career: "This is a tremendous opportunity, a huge opportunity. While it is difficult to leave the program we built at UCF and I will forever be thankful for the support I received there, I am very excited about becoming a USC Trojan. I would like to thank Pat Haden and Dr. Magdi El Shahawy for considering me, talking to me and helping me through the process.
"I know we can win championships at USC and we will be a powerhouse program for both men and women. I am from the West Coast and I look forward to getting back there. The academic and athletic tradition at USC is unparalleled and I plan to continue the tradition of winning and add to the numerous national championships USC has already won."
Smith Gilbert, 44, spent the past six seasons (2008-13) at UCF overseeing the women's track and field and cross country programs after serving as an assistant at Tennessee, Alabama and Penn State.
During her UCF tenure, the Knights won six Conference USA track and field outdoor and indoor crowns. Her athletes were named All-Americans more than 100 times and set more than 100 school records. Academically, her team's GPA exceeded 3.0 nearly every term. She also oversaw the building of the on-campus UCF Cross Country Complex.
In 2013, UCF's fifth place showing at the NCAA outdoor meet was the best finish by a non-BCS team since 2000 and its 35 points more than doubled the previous program best. She was named the U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association South Region Coach of the Year for a fifth time in 2013 as she guided UCF to its first-ever outdoor national Top 10 ranking in the USTFCCCA poll. She was the only coach to have three 100 meter runners ranked among the Top 10-seeded qualifiers at the NCAA meet. Twelve school records were broken in the 2013 outdoor season while the team won its fourth-straight C-USA title, a feat unmatched by any other women's track and field program in conference history. Octavious Freeman was the C-USA Outdoor Track Athlete of the Year for the second consecutive year.
UCF also finished fifth at the 2013 NCAA indoor meet, as C-USA Indoor Track Athlete of the Year Aurieyall Scott won the 60-meter dash to become the school's first NCAA champion in any sport.
UCF's eight place finish at the 2012 NCAA indoor meet was the program's best at the time. UCF won the C-USA outdoor title and capped the season by sending four Knights to compete at the USA Olympic Trials (Scott was one of two collegiate athletes who advanced to the finals of the 200 meters). At the 2012 London Olympics, Smith Gilbert trained U.S. Olympian DeeDee Trotter to her third appearance in the Summer Games and her first individual Olympic medal (a bronze), as well as a second gold medal on the 4X400 relay.
In 2011, UCF swept the indoor and outdoor C-USA titles as Jackie Coward was named C-USA Track Athlete of the Year and UCF's first two-time All-America first teamer. Smith Gilbert was C-USA's outdoor and indoor Coach of the Year.
She led the 2010 Knights to the C-USA Outdoor championship. Coward became UCF's first NCAA Outdoor All-American (she was fourth in the 100-meter hurdles).
In Smith Gilbert's first two seasons at UCF, 2008 and 2009, her athletes broke 30 of the school's indoor and outdoor school records. She also served as the jumps and multi events coach of Team USA at the 2009 IAAF World Outdoor Championships in Berlin.
Smith Gilbert came to UCF after five seasons (2003-07) as an assistant coach at Tennessee, where she was responsible for coaching sprints, hurdles and jumps. Her Lady Vol athletes won three NCAA titles and seven Southeastern Conference championships and earned 53 NCAA Division I All-America honors. They also established 19 school records.
The 2005 Lady Vols won the school's first NCAA Indoor Championship as her group combined for 24 All-America honors and seven school records. She was named U.S. Track Coaches Association National and Mideast Region Assistant Coach of the Year for sprints and hurdles. She was responsible for the development of Trotter, the 2007 USA Indoor and Outdoor Champion and a 2004 gold medalist in the 4x400-meter relay. She also coached Tianna Madison, who won the 2005 world championship in the long jump, Cleo Tyson, who won the 100-meter dash and helped the U.S. 4x100 relay team earn gold at the North America, Central America and Caribbean Athletic Association (NACAC) Championships, and Toyin Olupona, the 2005 Canadian National Champion in the 100-meter dash and the two-time NCAA runner-up in the 60-meter dash.
Smith Gilbert also helped the Lady Vols win SEC Indoor Championships in 2005 and 2007 and an NCAA Mideast Regional outdoor crown in 2005. The Lady Vols finished in the top four at the 2004, 2005 and 2007 NCAA Indoor Championships.
Smith Gilbert was an assistant coach at Alabama for three years (2000-02), guiding athletes in the sprints, hurdles and jumps. During her tenure with the Crimson Tide, she produced seven NCAA Division I All-Americans and four USA Olympic Trials qualifiers.
She held similar responsibilities as an assistant at Penn State for two seasons (1998-99). Her Nittany Lion athletes accumulated four All-America honors and nine school records, and made the finals at the Big Ten Championships on 10 occasions. She also served the school as an instructor for the exercise science department.
Prior to becoming a collegiate coach, Smith Gilbert was the head coach for four seasons (1994-97) at her prep alma mater, George Washington High in Denver. Her program produced two state titles, three All-America selections and five athletes who accepted full scholarships to NCAA Division I schools.
In addition to her experience at the high school and collegiate levels, Smith Gilbert was an assistant with Team USA during the NACAC Championships and was invited to coach the sprints at the 2005 Pan Am Junior Championships. She also was selected as an assistant coach for the 2007 World Championships in Osaka, Japan.
A former indoor national record holder in the 55- and 60-meter dashes, Smith Gilbert was a two-time Colorado state champion in the 200-meter dash and long jump and a three-time state champion in the 100-meter dash as a prep standout. She set state records in each of those three events.
She went on to become a three-time All-American at UCLA, where she was a Pacific-10 champion in the 100-meter dash, 4x100-meter relay and 4x400-meter relay. She was part of an NCAA Championship runner-up 4x400-meter squad and was an All-American in the 4x100-meter relay in 1988 and 1989.
A 1991 graduate of UCLA, Smith Gilbert holds a bachelor's degree in film and television production. She also holds master's degrees in sport management and sport psychology from Tennessee. She is a 2006 USATF Level III Coaches Education Clinician.


text:
Members of one of the nation's largest white supremacist organizations, the National Socialist Movement, will descend upon the 24-person town of Leith, N.D., this Sunday in support of one man's efforts to turn it into an all-white hub for neo-Nazis.
Paul Craig Cobb, 61, starting buying up property in the Grant County town two years ago, in the hopes of starting a whites-only takeover of its local government.
"I don't understand why all the different other people don't say 'whitey' is pretty darn nice and clever," Cobb, a well-known white supremacist, told CNN. "There are many organizations [in] which whites have to support other cultures... Where is the organization of people from around the world that says let's keep these white people?... They're pretty darn good, all in all."
"It would be extraordinarily beautiful when people enter the town, particularly at night," he told NPR of this weekend's gathering. "We will probably have the National Socialist hunting flag with stag horns and a very small swastika in the center -- very discreet."
With failing businesses and empty buildings lining its streets, Leith has been on the decline for years. But some town residents and members of surrounding communities are pushing back against Cobb's racist initiatives.
Leith City Council member Lee Cook told the Bismarck Tribune that his tiny town needed outside help.
"We need people from across the state to come alongside of us and show support that they don't believe in what this guy is doing," he said. "There are a lot of people who could speak up. It's not tricky. Silence, to me, means that whatever he's doing is OK," he said.
Organizers of the group, UnityND, have formed in the hopes of fighting Cobb's planned takeover. They'll gather in Leith to counter-protest the white supremacists' meeting this weekend.
"We cannot accept this racist hatred they are bringing here. Leith is in a crisis and is crying out for help," Bismarck's Jeremy Kelly said. "We need to show the Nazis that they are absolutely not wanted there."
Town members also said up the website, http://www.leithnd.com, in order to give Leith "a more peaceful makeup than what it has been getting in the national news media."
The website also asks for donations to the City of Leith Legal Defense Fund "to help fight off being overtaken by white supremacists."
Mayor Ryan Schock called Cobb's efforts "shocking," and said that the town's government would consider dissolving itself to transfer power to the county.
Cobb has already bought 12 plots of land in the hope that white-supremacist families would consider moving there.


text:
We're promoting tonight's Blowin' Smoke screening as a mixer of sorts, where students from SCAD-Atlanta, Westwood, etc. can come and rub elbows with true bonafide animation pros who are doing stuff that's being shown on TV. Bring business cards! Network! It's going to be a relaxed atmosphere with actual tables this time. Word of advice: approach professional animators with care. They can be a skittish bunch, I'm afraid.
The details:
7:30PM at The Five Spot
1123 Euclid Ave NE
Atlanta, GA 30307
(404) 223-1100
FREE and for ALL AGES!
Just to reiterate: The Five Spot is a restaurant, so there's no age limit. All students are welcome! Come and check out what Atlanta animation studios have to offer!
Please check out ASIFA-Atlanta's site for more details about our organization. Hope to see you there.


text:
Wabash Streaks to 7-0 with Win Over Wittenbergby Jim Amidon • October 22, 2005 Share:
Russ Harbaugh threw for 271 yards and two touchdowns, leading the Wabash College football team (7-0; 5-0 NCAC) to a 26-20 come-from-behind victory over Wittenberg University (3-4; 3-1). Wabash's win, coupled with Kenyon's loss to Ohio Wesleyan, leaves Wabash in sole possession of first place in the North Coast Athletic Conference.
Click here for photographs from the game.
"We control our own destiny with three games left," said Harbaugh, who connected with receivers Ray Green and Eric Summers on scoring strikes. "It's up to us at this point."
Wabash coach Chris Creighton predicted the game would be a war and it was. After Wittenberg jumped out to a 10-0 first-quarter lead, the two teams went back and forth until Brandon Roop gave Wabash its final go ahead touchdown on a two-yard dive with 4:59 to play in the in the third quarter. The winning drive was set up when linebacker Tim Parker pressured Tiger quarterback Ryan Holmes, whose pass was intercepted by Josh Foster, who went 22 yards with the return.
"They sent their tailback, Murray, out on what we call a running back wheel," said Foster. "Somebody (Parker) got some pressure on the quarterback and he sort of just threw it up there and I went and got it."
Fellow linebacker Aaron Selby made 10 tackles in his return to starting form after breaking his foot earlier in the year. Selby thought the interception was clearly the turning point in the game.
"That's huge in a game where not many turnovers are made," said Selby. "We get one interception, and it changes the total outlook of the game. We were tied at that point and then we go ahead and we don't look back."
Wabash's defense had been shredded throughout the first half and well into the third quarter prior to the interception. Holmes was routinely finding running back Tristan Murray out of the backfield on screen passes. Murray finished with four catches for 61 yards, including a 50-yard screen pass that set up Wittenberg's first touchdown. He also added 101 yards on 27 carries.
Holmes staked the guests to a 10-0 lead when he handed off to Jered Glover on a wide receiver reverse. Glover plunged over from eight yards out and Wabash had its back to the wall. But Wabash was able to get back in the game on a pair of 67-yard scoring drives, while the Little Giant defense twice allowed only field goals on long Wittenberg drives.
Brandon Roop's two-yard touchdown run 16 seconds before halftime gave Wabash its first lead of the game, 14-13.
The lead, however, was short lived. Wittenberg made it 20-14 when Glover took a short screen pass 65 yards for pay dirt.
But on its next possession, Harbaugh marched Wabash 68 yards on seven plays, hitting his roommate, wide receiver Eric Summers, on a 37-yard bomb that tied the score when Wabash missed its extra point.
After Foster's interception, Wabash's defense tightened significantly. The Tigers managed only 53 yards on 19 plays after Wabash took the lead on Roop's touchdown run.
"When Wabash and Wittenberg play, it's a war every year," said Coach Creighton after the game. "They have so much pride and tradition and they are always well coached. I was proud of the way we bucked up and got it done."
Even with significant pressure, Harbaugh had another excellent performance, hitting 22-of-33 passes for 271 yards without throwing an interception. He hit seven different receivers, but Summers was easily his favorite target. Summers, who had 17 career catches against Wittenberg, added eight more for 118 yards. Mike Russell had four catches for 44 yards, while Green had 49 yards on three catches, including his nifty 23-yard touchdown grab.
Roop had a solid day rushing the ball, finishing with 60 yards and two touchdowns on 17 workmanlike carries. Chris Ogden added 23 yards and Don Juan Brown chipped in nine to provide balance to Wabash's offense.
Wabash's linebackers, beaten early in the game, played like monsters in the second half. After Wittenberg scored on Glover's 65-yard screen pass, the Tigers netted only 79 yards over the last 23 minutes of play.
Sophomore Adrian Pynenberg led the way with 12 tackles, while Selby had 10, including one for a loss and a pass breakup. Parker had nine tackles and two quarterback hurries, one of which led to Foster's interception.
Wabash travels to Allegheny next weekend for a 12 noon (Crawfordsville time) matchup. The Little Giants final home conference game is November 5 when Denison comes to town on Senior Day.
Photographs by Jim Amidon:
Top right: Josh Foster returns an interception 22 yards to set up Wabash's go-ahead touchdown.
Middle left: Thomas Bell (28), Aaron Selby (38), and Tim Parker (41) combine for a big hit.
Bottom right: Russ Harbaugh celebrates the victory, his second in three games vs. Wittenberg.


text:
This is a post from a while back when I had answered a question for a lady on a BIG WAHM board. The same thing happened as always. My thoughts on Natural health were bashed by the closed minds of a few.
Every time I post that I have read the Kevin Trudeau book Natural Cures They, don't want you to Know About. I have some idiot tell me I am stupid. Kevin Trudeau's book tells about the FDA, Big Pharmaceutical companies, and government filling their pockets at our expense.
Kevin Trudeau Always Gets Me in Trouble
You can see my response that I had to post on my blog as it would likely have been deleted on the forum.
I really think I stayed much calmer in the post compared to what I would say today.
Sheryl Loch


text:
[Intro][XV talking]:
Yeah. Yeah, I don't think I'm going out tonight. No, I don't think I'm going out ever in 2008
[Verse One]
Switch up, so I pick up the phone
Bling on the other end telling me to ease up
King of the city, I'll never leave the throne
Nigga, put it on my caesar, ya get it?
Even all over, tell 'em TJ did it
Fine chickick on my arm, they like, "He ain't hit it."
And I'mma be honest dawg, I probably didn't
But tell Bossip I did, and let him just print it
Video games and that's pretty much is it
Do a couple shows in a couple new cities
Get a couple numbers from a couple new pretties
Come home, no problem, that's how I do business
Fitted fitted tight like a gymnast
Seen 'round town about as much as the Olympics
XV or 15, tell me which is it
It's XV baby and that's pretty much is it!
Play games and read comics and that's pretty much it
Watch porn, checks blogs and that's pretty much it
I'll record a few songs but that's pretty much it
(That's pretty much it?)
Yeah that's pretty much it
I mean I kill a few shows but that's pretty much it
Been all over the globe but that's pretty much it
I be at my place writing blogs on Myspace telling cats in outer space
But that's pretty much it
[Verse Two]:
Nah, that ain't it, I'mma still do my thang
Cause I'm about to pop like my ears on a plane
So hang on like you on a pier or a train
Thangs ain't the same, I got tears for the game
I guess it's a battlefield so I'mma get mine
The cast even wanna know when I'mma get signed
But till then I'mma drink my drink with a lime
Wink at a dime, that probably think that she fine
But that's it cause I don't speak to the haters
Real talk, I'm doing y'all peeps a favor
Cause if I come out I'mma leave with a caper
I want my cut, this is always week's paper
Make your bed, y'all slept on me
That's ahead, I'm set homie
Cause the new albums done and it's kinda the shit
So I'mma drop a tour and chill and that's pretty much it


text:
In ChargeFavorites [+]
Pay-Per-Minute Viewing
This premium movie consumes minutes at 2.0 times the normal rate. Why?
In an effort to encourage studios to send us their newest and best movies as close to their street release dates as possible, we must offer certain titles at a premium rate. Other content is placed at a premium rate because studios consider those videos to be rare, hard to find or special in some other way. While many premium titles revert to the regular price over time, some studios with rare content, require us to keep their content at premium prices for even longer. Movies at less than 1.0x rate are a limited time special discount streaming rate.
If you have any questions about pricing, please contact Customer Support.
If you have any questions about pricing, please contact Customer Support.
You can now enjoy this movie on your iPhone®, iPad®, or compatible Smart TV & Android devices.
Purchase Options
Pay-Per-MinutePurchase Minutes
Streaming Rentals
Available MP4 sizes:SD 480p (0.2 GB)
HD 720p (0.39 GB)
HD 1080p (0.58 GB)
DRM-free downloads offer content that is not limited by standard Digital Rights Management (DRM) access technologies. These technologies allow hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals to limit the usage of digital content.
When you purchase DRM-free downloadable content, that content is available for you to download on any computer and save to a disk whenever you like. You can also download to multiple computers. There is no timeframe associated with your purchase and the content will not expire.
Running Time: 14 minutes
Released: 10/2013
Studio Name: X-Art
Categories: New Release Euro Small Tits All Girl High Definition Exclusive
Description: On a gorgeous sunny afternoon Carrie and Jake play a game. Today, she is the one in charge. Watch as she shows him what she wants by taking his huge cock in her tiny mouth and pussy and riding him until the sun sets. She teases and pleases and uses her amazing personality and adorable body to drive him wild! Then it is his turn to take her from behind until he bursts with pleasure.
1 Scenes from In Charge
In Charge: Scene 1 Free Preview
Starring: Alexis Crystal Young James ... More Details
Stars: Alexis Crystal, Young James
Sex Acts: Oral Sex, Vaginal Sex
Positions: Crouching/Squatting, Cowgirl, Doggy Style, Laying, Missionary, Side Saddle
Settings: Bedroom
Studio: X-Art
Recommended Movies
AEBN Cams


text:
Although you'll hear lots of people say that the online dating markets are too saturated to really make any money these days, starting an online dating site is actually an excellent way to start making money online! While you may never become the next eHarmony or Date.com, there's always room for another great dating site, especially if you choose to start a carefully selected niche membership site.
What's a niche membership site? Niche membership (dating) sites are more targeted toward matching people with very targeted interests. For example, if you're a golf fanatic, you may choose to join a site that is specifically for people who love to play golf. Therefore, you would likely meet other singles who would share your passion for golf, and hypothetically, be more compatible. Here are some examples of niche dating sites:
- Religious Sites (Christian, Jewish, Muslim, etc.)
- Ethnic Sites (Black Singles, Interracial Singles, Hispanic Singles)
- Professions (Military, Medical, Attorneys, etc.)
- Shared Interest (Golf, Equestrian, Beach Lovers, etc.)
Still other sites are based on sexual preferences, financial status, age groups… the list literally goes on and on! Basically, if you've got a special interest, or even a medical condition, chances are, there's a dating site devoted to it. And, if you're interested in starting your own site, finding the right niche could mean the difference between success and failure in an online dating business!
In addition to building your own membership site, there are quite a few "white label" affiliate programs available online, too, white label meaning the ability to brand your site, but share in the membership base of the main site. So, instead of having one or two members initially, your brand new dating site would start with thousands, even millions of members, for your new members to mingle with online. Of course, like any affiliate program, you would receive a commission instead of the entire membership fee, but generally speaking, it's much easier to build a branded site through an affiliate program when you're just starting out.
Your other option, of course, is to build your own membership site, completely from scratch, with zero members to start. While it would take a bit longer to get the site up and running, and even longer to generate income, the income from this type of site would likely far outpace the income from several white label dating sites… assuming that is that you choose the right niche, build an attractive site, and promote it like crazy!
As you can see, there are still excellent opportunities in the business of online dating, and if this is a field that interests you, or where you have a level of expertise, it can turn into a great home based business, as well. So, what are you waiting for? Choose a niche and get started!


text:
In the land of El Dorado, clean water has become blue gold
11 Apr 19 - In the land where the legend of El Dorado began, the race is on to solve the mystery of a vital 21st century treasure the water that tens of millions of people rely upon across northern South America.
Climate change drives migrants to the US
9 Apr 19 - The northern triangle of Central America, the largest source of asylum seekers crossing the US border, is deeply affected by environmental degradation.
Costa Rica aims to show world the way
28 Feb 19 - Costa Rica has launched an economy-wide plan to decarbonize the country by 2050, as the Central American nation aims to show other nations what is possible to address climate change.
UN calls Brazil dam burst a crime
5 Feb 19 - The Brazil dam burst last week happened less than a month after the countrys new climate-sceptic government came to office promising a relaxation of environmental laws and inspections to take the yoke off producers.
Brazil's resources open for business, says Bolsonaro
25 Jan 19 - Brazil will strike a balance between environment and much-needed economic development, Brazilian president Joao Bolsonaro has said in his first overseas speech.
Bolsonaro appoints 'beef caucus' minister
11 Dec 18 - Brazils far right president-elect Jair Bolsonaro has named Ricardo de Aquino Salles, a 43-year-old lawyer and a staunch beef caucus ally to lead his environment department.
Bolsonaro names climate denier as key minister
19 Nov 18 - Brazils president-elect Jair Bolsonaro has named an anti-globalist diplomat to lead on foreign affairs and his countrys relationship to the Paris Agreement.
Bolsonaro already at work in the Amazon
15 Nov 18 - Deforestation in Brazils Amazon jumped almost 50 per cent during the three-month electoral season that brought Jair Bolsonaro to power, according to preliminary official figures.
Amazon is adapting, but not fast enough
13 Nov 18 - A 30-year analysis of Amazonian trees finds the worlds largest rainforest is already adapting to climate change, but probably not fast enough.
How fund managers could help save Amazon
12 Nov 18 - Large asset managers could play a pivotal role in safeguarding the Amazon forest, a new report shows, amid concerns Brazils president-elect Jair Bolsonaro could strip the planet of its lungs.
Bolsonaro to merge environment and agriculture
2 Nov 18 - Brazil President-elect Jair Bolsonaro will merge the environment and agriculture ministries, a move activists have warned could imperil the Amazon rainforest.
Will Trump of the Tropics wreck Amazon rainforest?
30 Oct 18 - Will Jair Bolsonaro dedicate himself to the meticulous destruction of the Amazon now he has won Brazil's presidential election?
We cant take many more populists like Bolsonaro
26 Oct 18 - Just when Earth badly needs pro-environment leaders, we get big-business strongmen. Theres a reason for this grim irony.
Likely Brazil leader is full of climate threats
11 Oct 18 - No more Paris Agreement. No more ministry of environment. A paved highway cutting through the Amazon. That's what Jair Bolsonaro will bring to the presidency of Brazil.
Amazon floods have increased fivefold
24 Sep 18 - New data suggest that flooding in the Amazon River has dramatically increased by as much as five times in both intensity and frequency in the last 100 years.
Brazil court overturns glyphosate ruling
6 Sep 18 - Brazilian farmers will continue to have access to the worlds most-used weed killer after a court reversed a ruling which had suspended the existing and new registration of glyphosate-based products.
Deforestation claims movie-star macaw
6 Sep 18 - Spixs macaw, a brilliant blue species of Brazilian parrot that starred in the childrens animation Rio, has become extinct this century, according to a new assessment of endangered birds.
Brazil could restore a huge swathe of the Amazon
30 Aug 18 - Although almost 40 per cent of the Brazilian Amazon is conserved by protected areas and indigenous lands, some 428,721 sq km has been deforested over the past three decades.
Brazil candidate threatens to quit Paris pact
16 Aug 18 - Presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro is threatening to take Brazil out of the Paris Agreement if he wins the October election.
More in the South America Archive
Carbon News RSS Feed
Click to get an RSS feed for the latest stories from all sections of the site.
South America RSS Feed
Click to get an RSS feed of stories this section only.


text:
Hot Muscle Dudes
Watch as these Muscle Men strut their sweaty bodies and maybe show you a few rump ranger...
Watch as these Muscle Men strut their sweaty bodies and maybe show you a few rump ranger...
Home | Members Area | Customer Customer Support | Terms | Privacy Policy | Anti-Piracy | Responsible Porn Policy | Take a Video Speed Test
18 USC 2257 Record-Keeping Requirements Compliance Statements
© Net Transactions Limited - All Rights Reserved.
Twinks for Cash - Twink Porn fantasies fulfilled when gay teens take cash to have gay sex in this gay porn. Featuring gay teen sex that involves amateur twinks getting paid to fuck other gay teen guys. Twinksforcash features gay sex videos, and hot gay pics filled with twinks having gay teen sex for cash from TwinksForCash.com
Use Of This Site And All Of Its Contents Are Expressly Forbidden To Minors. You Must Be 18 Years Of Age And/Or The Age Of Legal Consent For Your Domain. In Addition, It Must Be Legal In Your Domain To View Nudity, Sexual Situations, Adult Content And/Or Material Intended For Adult Consumption For Entertainment Purposes. If You Do Not Meet These Requirements, Please Click Here To Exit. All Models Are Over 18 Years Of Age. Click here for all website disclosures.
Proud Sponsor of ASACP
All content on this site is copyrighted by Pink Visual, LLC. Domain and Billing provided by Net Transactions Limited.
Vendo is our authorized reseller.


text:
Mother-in-law A&N moved to Wales a few years back. The lure of endless fresh air, a vegetable garden the size of most London flats, and plenty of large hills up which to hike and jog during dangerously inclement weather proved too much for her. She and her husband now live in a beautiful valley with their 4 ducks and the cows and sheep in the next field over singing them off to sleep.
The biggest shame about Wales (and the biggest factor in preserving its beauty) is that it can be mighty difficult to get to. A 60 mile as-the-crow-flies stretch of road can take two stomach churning hours of dipping up and down hills and rocking to and fro around endless bends in the road, often stopping or reversing since the road isn't wide enough to hold two cars at once. We haven't visited them in two years since the thought of taking the 5 hour trip when pregnant made me immediately queasy. Mr A&N last week found himself with a few days off between his freelance projects, so we packed up the car and set off for a week's holiday at his mum's.
Being with baby doesn't make the traditional early morning hikes easy to negotiate, and Mr A&N was glad for the excuse to take it easy. We instead had gentle walks around ruined castles and several tours of the vegetable patch with Baby A&N taking delight in the ducks and the butterflies that stopped by the say hello. I came away from our castle trips with a build-your-own castle book that I'm trying my best not to rip into until Baby A&N is old enough to do it with me, even though I so desperately want to build a while medieval city on our dining table.
Our dining in Wales always takes place at home, with Mr A&N's mother picking things from the garden that are fresh and balancing them with meat or fish from her local farm shop. Ambling about in the same fields as your sheep and seeing them wandering in your church yards brings me closer to the reality of what I'm eating, so I appreciated the chance to buy some well reared meat from the source. Eating lamb these days does give me pangs, thinking that I'm tucking into some sheep's own Baby A&N. Thank goodness it's delicious enough to help me swallow down that guilt with a slight garlic aftertaste.
At the farm shop, the farmer explained (first in Welsh, then in English as I gave him polite but empty smiles) how he had some goat meat going cheap. He was given two goats, and while letting himself have a day to decide what to do with them (cheese? milk? sell them on? grow a herd?) they managed to eat through two water butts and some important wiring. And so goat was now being served up at the shop. Mr A&N's mother and I happily offered a home to the bargain meat, only scratching our heads on the way out over what to do with 2 racks of goat rib each. Eat them, is the short conclusion, but anything more than that and we're both stumped. Any suggestions, anyone?
Friday, 29 May 2009
A Trip to Wales
Mother-in-law A&N moved to Wales a few years back. The lure of endless fresh air, a vegetable garden the size of most London flats, and plenty of large hills up which to hike and jog during dangerously inclement weather proved too much for her. She and her husband now live in a beautiful valley with their 4 ducks and the cows and sheep in the next field over singing them off to sleep.
8 comments:
- Wendy said...
I was going to say curry but would ribs work in a curry?
What about rubbing & marinating the ribs in curry spices and roasting them? Know that goat is pretty tough so maybe boil them for a little before marinating and roasting them (my local butcher suggested that to me and it's worked a treat with pork rib).
Looking forward to hearing what you do!
- 30 May 2009 at 08:14
- Helen said...
I would be massively tempted to jerk those ribs!
- 30 May 2009 at 10:48
- Elra said...
Oh my, it is my dream to be able to go to Wales one day. I have a friend from Wales, that is why I want to visit. Beautiful place!
- 30 May 2009 at 14:42
- MyKitchenInHalfCups said...
When I've done any ribs, I've slow roasted them covered in the oven and then broiled or grilled them to brown them up. The slow roasting tenderizes the meat and the high heat gives them color.
Sounds like a wonderful trip. Let's hear what happens to those ribs.
- 30 May 2009 at 15:39
I've nothing useful to say. I just wanted to say hi and that I really enjoy your blog. I stumbled across it some months back looking for quail recipes. So Hi from Southeast Alabama! :)
- 31 May 2009 at 18:55
- Annemarie said...
Hi Wendy - Yes, curry was the first thought too but the rib rack would require one ginormous pot. Rubbing and roasting seems along the right lines...
Hi Helen - Jerking is a solution to many problems. :)
Hi Elra- The Welsh are lovely people so it's easy to see how your friend has done a good sales job for the country!
Hi Tanna - Slow roasting is an excellent idea. Have the mother in law on the phone now to say she had to cook the ribs twice over and she's recommending slow cooking.
Hi Pinget - Just saying hi is very useful, especially since you have kind words to say with the hello. Hello to you back!
- 31 May 2009 at 20:11
- jasmine said...
Wales is an absolute favourite place of mine...the people, the grassy fields, stone circle hunting...
- 5 June 2009 at 00:37
- London hotels said...
Well, wales is sure an underrated and almost divine place, but as a tourist who visited London and wales couple of time in (businesses and pleasure) i truly think that London takes the pot! i have to come back :)
- 16 November 2009 at 23:01


text: Hi, I am really lost here. Awstats was working find until the 7th of October 2012. Now it is not updating. After going into the http://www.example.com/stats, I can see the stats page. It states that the page has been updated. But there are no records after the 7th of October 2012. Run the daily cron job and the server cron job and there are no errors. Is there any other place I can check for errors? Checked into the log folder and the log files are there but seems that they have not been processed and tarred. The yesterday_log link is still pointing to 8th October 2012. What can be wrong? What can I do to solve this? P.V.Anthony P.V.Anthony


text:
Remote Data Backups Web SiteTechRepublic has reviewed nearly a half dozen backup management tools, but this is the first time we have collected them all into a single gallery roundup.
IT managers and network administrators needing to ensure critical business data is safely, securely and automatically backed up off site will find Remote Data Backups a reliable solution. The multiplatform backup service, which protects organizations from data loss due to technical and human mistakes, natural disasters and theft, also boasts outstanding reporting, which helps ensure backup routines continue operating properly.
For a full review of Remote Data Backups, check out the TechRepublic Product Spotlight Blog.
Image created by Erik Eckel for TechRepublic.
Full Bio
Mark W. Kaelin has been writing and editing stories about the IT industry, gadgets, finance, accounting, and tech-life for more than 25 years. Most recently, he has been a regular contributor to BreakingModern.com, aNewDomain.net, and TechRepublic.


text:
Mark Wiebe said he loves playing on the West Coast and his performance in the 17th Toshiba Classic at Newport Beach Country Club is proving that statement.
Wiebe, who grew up in Escondido, birdied three of his last five holes to finish with his second straight 65 Saturday and stands two shots behind Nick Price for the tournament lead after two rounds.
Wiebe started the day in a four-way tie for second at five shots behind Price, who led off the tournament with an 11-under-par 60. Price leads at 14-under followed by Wiebe at 12-under. Joe Ozaki (who tied for the low round Saturday with a 64) and Mark O'Meara each stand at 10-under.
Wiebe and Price will be in the same group today. They played together during the final round of the ACE Group Classic in February at The Quarry in Naples, Fla. Wiebe placed ninth while Price finished tied for third.
"I'm excited to play with [Price]," said Wiebe, who has two Champions Tour victories since joining the tour before the 2008 season.
Wiebe received some help after Friday's round from his son, Gunner. Wiebe had his family come out to watch him for the tournament, including his wife, Cathy, and daughters, Taylor and Collier.
Gunner came to watch Friday. He plays for the University of San Diego. And, he also gives his father advice.
"He told me to keep my hands up at address," Mark Wiebe said. "We worked on the turn."
Mark Wiebe said he grew up playing on courses with poa annua greens, which Newport Beach Country Club's course has.
It didn't make putting any easier, Mark Wiebe said.
"There was only one putt I felt comfortable on," Wiebe said. "The rest [of the holes] I was trying to figure out" how to lag the ball to drop in the hole. "The greens are firm and tough. I am ready for a cocktail now."
Wiebe also said Gunner told him to not take too much time on the greens.
The first time Wiebe played Newport was in the 2008 Toshiba Classic. He's steadily improved in each of his first three tournament appearances; he tied for 42nd in 2008 and tied for 17th last year, when he shot a 65 in the first round.
Price said the greens were firmer Saturday.
"If you hit it on the wrong side, it's hard to make par," Price said. "There are so many side-hill putts, so you're cautious."
Ozaki will be the third player in the final group with Price and Wiebe. They tee off on No. 1 at 12:35 p.m.


text:
HIGH schools are inviting ex-prisoners to speak to pupils to deter them from crime and violence.
One East Lancashire school signed up to the scheme this week asked speakers to come in and discuss knife crime in the wake of the death of teacher Ann Maguire who was stabbed in Leeds on Monday.
The scheme which sees youth workers, victims of crime and ex offenders give talks, has visited schools including Blackburn Central High School, Witton Park High School and Marsden Heights Community College in Nelson.
Deputy headteacher at Blackburn Central High School Maj Ditta said the school felt it was important to educate pupils about knife crime following the tragic death of Mrs Maguire.
The school uses the Preston United Youth Development scheme, a community group which works with ex-offenders and visits 12 schools around Lancashire.
The scheme also includes a specific project to deter young people from joining gangs and carrying weapons.
After youth workers from the scheme visited the school to discuss knife crime this week, Mr Ditta said they had also recieved visits from ex gang members and women who had been exploited by gangs for sex.
He said: "We have had a plan to involve speakers, through a scheme in the school in place for some time, but we decided to bring some things forward.
"Because of what was happening in Leeds we spoke to our Preston United partners to access some speakers who could talk about knife crime.
"We want the teachers to see that the leadership team take this threat very seriously. The children said that nothing like that could happen here. It's nice to hear them say that but I told them that you never know."
Project Manager Omar Khan said: "The children at BCHS were terrific and some of them were saying they would even protect their teacher if they were threatened. It is good to talk about this kind of thing and educate the children.
"We have had some ex-offenders, former gang members and victims talk to pupils too and it always gets a really good reaction. Young people listen to real life experiences and they want different perspectives."


text:
Marni Madness
Worn by celebs such as Drew Barrymore and Winona Ryder, Marni appears to be the "it" designer label of the moment. After a strong showing of its fall collection in Milan, the brand has also released a collection in conjunction with H&M. (Sofia Coppola filmed the H&M campaign for the new line.) This week, MyHabit.com, Amazon.com's membership shopping site, has a sale on Marni's high-end collection. Swoon. Find this two-tone Marni dress for $332 at MyHabit.com. Also find Marni at 260 H&M stores worldwide and online at hm.com.
Baltimore Sun
Copyright © 2019, The Baltimore Sun, a Baltimore Sun Media Group publication | Place an Ad