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The Birth of the Modern Stock Market and the End of the Ford Era
On this day in economic and business history ...
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first hundred days in office were a whirlwind of legislative activity focused on ending the nation's woes. Those woes were easy to trace -- things had never been the same since the great Crash of 1929. With rancor running high against bankers, financiers, and stock market hucksters, Roosevelt's administration had strong public support as it went after these disgraced masters of the universe, and one of his greatest early accomplishments was signing the Securities Act (then known as the Rayburn-Fletcher Securities Bill) on May 27, 1933.
Before the Securities Act, most stock issues and sales were governed by state laws, which were based on principles of merit. The merit-based state laws had been largely ineffective in preventing securities fraud, as enforcement, prosecution, and oversight were all generally ineffective because of weak provisions, inadequate funding, or deliberate efforts by state governments to look the other way. The act superseded state laws through the Interstate Commerce Clause, which applied to so many possible stock sale methods (telephones, mailings, and electronic transfers are all considered aspects of interstate commerce) that it effectively took over all regulation of large stock issues. This was particularly important in light of the vastly increased breadth of stock ownership preceding the Great Depression -- the number of stockholders increased more than fourfold from 1900 to 1928, to 18 million people, or roughly 10% of the population.
You can thank the Securities Act for the modern practice of mandatory registrations, which allows shareholders and prospective shareholders access to a company's S-1 (filed when going public) as well as its quarterly and annual reports, which must all be independently audited. The veracity of these filings was enforced by the Federal Trade Commission for a year before the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission, which has overseen stock market regulation ever since.
Roosevelt's statement on the day he signed the Securities Act into law offers some further explanation of its value and importance:
Events have made it abundantly clear that the merchandising of securities is really traffic in the economic and social welfare of our people. Such traffic demands the utmost good faith and fair dealing on the part of those engaged in it. If the country is to flourish, capital must be invested in enterprise. But those who seek to draw upon other people's money must be wholly candid regarding the facts on which the investor's judgment is asked.
To that end this Bill requires the publicity necessary for sound investment. It is, of course, no insurance against errors of judgment. That is the function of no Government. It does give assurance, however, that, within the limit of its powers, the Federal Government will insist upon knowledge of the facts on which alone judgment can be based.
The new law will also safeguard against the abuses of high-pressure salesmanship in security flotations. It will require full disclosure of all the private interests on the part of those who seek to sell securities to the public.
The Act is thus intended to correct some of the evils which have been so glaringly revealed in the private exploitation of the public's money. This law and its effective administration are steps in a program to restore some old-fashioned standards of rectitude. Without such an ethical foundation, economic well-being cannot be achieved.
The act had a notable impact on market results, particularly for stocks traded on smaller exchanges. A study done by Carol J. Simon of the University of California's economics department found that IPOs on the smaller exchanges were frequently and significantly overpriced before the act's implementation of mandatory disclosure rules. After implementation, this persistent overpricing was virtually eliminated. And even if investors stuck to the liquid and well-known issues of the New York Stock Exchange -- now part of NYSE Euronext -- they would often encounter abnormal returns based on incorrect forecasting because of inadequate information before 1933. These abnormal results were significantly reduced across the entire securities industry following the act's implementation.
Relief at last
The Dow Jones Industrial Average , shot 5.1% higher on May 27, 1970, one day after bottoming out at the beginning of the postwar era's long secular bear market. The rise of 32.04 points that day set an all-time record for point gains, edging out the bounce following President John F. Kennedy's funeral by a single hundredth of a point. However, the gains were bittersweet, as The New York Times wrote that "the 32.04-point advance just managed to recover the 31.01-point loss registered on the index during the first two days of this week."
Few investors understood the reasons behind the rally. Various hypotheses were put forward: President Richard Nixon's meeting with business leaders the previous evening would produce solutions to the nation's economic woes, too many shorts lost their shirts, or the market was otherwise too cheap for its own good and buyers could no longer resist the bargains. The market was undeniably cheap -- its cyclically adjusted P/E had fallen into the single digits by then -- and beleaguered investors, having lost an estimated $250 billion since the start of the market slide, didn't need much encouragement to seek a way out. The rally continued until 1973, but its gains proved fleeting, as much of the market's growth would be built on valuation expansion. The Dow would ultimately remain mired in a long-term stagflationary decline until the 1980s.
The end of an automotive era
The last FordModel T rolled off the assembly line on May 27, 1927. That day also marked the construction of the 15 millionth Model T, which made it all the more memorable a day to end the era that brought motor vehicle ownership to the American masses. To commemorate the occasion, a recovering Henry Ford (he'd recently been injured in, of all things, a car accident) and his son Edsel drove out to the factory in the very first Ford car, already a museum piece roughly a quarter century after the company's founding. The old tinkerer showed that his skills had not been lost to time when this "buggy seat attached to bicycle wheels" couldn't start with the coaxing of skilled mechanics -- after a bit of work from Henry Ford's hands, the antique car sputtered right to life.
The end of the Model T had become a necessity by 1927. The model had been released in 1908 and had undergone minimal changes for nearly two decades, even as stiff competition from General Motors began to sway the public toward more modern and less sparse alternatives. The Model T was for years America's default choice of car -- Ford claimed 61% of the American market, even in 1921, to a meager 12% for GM -- but low prices alone couldn't sustain its advantage against clearly superior vehicles. Another recent development undermining Ford's sales was the creation of a functional used-car market, which could finally offer much better cars (three or four years after their initial introduction) at comparable prices to the Model T. GM's Chevrolet brand finally surpassed, and eventually doubled, Ford's sales totals in 1927, helped in part by an extended factory shutdown while Ford retooled for its next model. Ford soon regained the lead and held it until 1931 with the launch of the Model A, but that would be its last year atop the sales charts.
Worried about Ford?
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The article The Birth of the Modern Stock Market and the End of the Ford Era originally appeared on Fool.com.Fool contributor Alex Planes holds no financial position in any company mentioned here. Add him on Google+ or follow him on Twitter, @TMFBiggles, for more insight into markets, history, and technology.The Motley Fool recommends Ford, General Motors, and NYSE Euronext and owns shares of Ford. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools don't all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
Copyright © 1995 - 2013 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.


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Is this leadership or a major lack thereof? The Boy Scouts of America is considering lifting its national ban on gay members and leaders, leaving that choice to local troops. Yet the decision from headquarters, which was expected Wednesday, has now been delayed until the organization's annual meeting in May.
Whether you support the ban or oppose it, this is not an effective way to implement change.
In their forthcoming book "Decisive," authors Chip and Dan Heath write that, while organizations benefit from gaining distance on big decisions, "getting distance doesn't require delay." Instead what it requires is a willingness to strip away all but your core values, deciding essentially from the gut of the organization.
But it seems the BSA has confused delay and distance. Why? Perhaps because the very question up for debate is, "What are our core values?" If you no longer know what you believe, ethics can't guide your decision-making.
That is why the leadership problem here isn't just the delay, it's the debate itself.
In 2000, the BSA won a Supreme Court case upholding its national ban on gays, the organization's reason for exclusion being that "homosexual conduct is inconsistent with the values it seeks to instill." And instilling values, the court confirmed, is the BSA's main mission. That is what binds a troop in Indiana with a troop in Hawaii. That is what it means to be a Boy Scout.
By decentralizing the decision about gays, the BSA would dismantle the idea that values—whether of inclusion or exclusion—are a central and unifying part of the organization. If the BSA wishes to hold onto its core mission, which is precisely to instill common values, then it needs to decide on those values at a national level. Right now, what it is actually debating is whether to abdicate that responsibility.
As Michael Useem, the head of leadership studies at the Wharton School of Business, put it to me, "In the context of an organization that has put a huge emphasis on what it means to be a responsible young person, this can look like a very weak measure at most."
What's driving the consideration to decentralize, it seems, is the BSA's desire to retain the most money possible and the most people possible. Between 2000 and 2011, the BSA saw the number of traditional scouts drop from 3.3 million to 2.7 million. The organization has also seen several high-profile companies—including Intel, Verizon, UPS and some local United Way chapters—step back their donations in the past year because of the controversy.
Now the BSA finds itself doing triage to stop those numbers from bleeding further. Rather than take a stand on one of the most important values questions in America today, the organization appears to be orchestrating "a complex compromise to all the conflicting demands and pressures," as Useem says. That is, the conflicting demands of religious conservatives, liberal activists, corporate donors and troops themselves.
The BSA is using a logic that wouldn't hold around a campfire—keeping up numbers for the sake of keeping up numbers. Is that the core Boy Scout value? Bigger? More? The organization has fallen prey to the tyranny of spreadsheets.
It is forgetting a key point: In the long run, no one will want to invest in or be part of a values-based organization that won't take a stand on values.
There is a common adage that you can't have leadership without followers. Unfortunately this has too often prompted leaders to ask, "So then how do we make a change while keeping our followers marching in line behind us?"
But the better question is not "How do we keep those followers?" It's "Do we still want those followers?"
The BSA has focused too much on its followers of the moment, not its followers of the future. This holds whether you believe they should keep or lift the ban on gays. Do you want followers who are anti-gay? Then keep the national ban, and be willing to give up money from companies that don't share your view. But do you want followers who are inclusive? Then you need to have a national policy of tolerance and be brave enough to let those people and organizations walk away who don't want the future you want.
In the short term, the BSA may have found a way to duck out of a complicated situation, but at what cost? This lack of leadership, whether by delaying the decision or pushing the decision down the organization, says the BSA is willing to cut out its own heart.
And what is that heart? It's the belief that we should teach America's youth that there are, indeed, some common values that define good citizens, good leaders and good human beings.
Lillian Cunningham is the editor of On Leadership at the Washington Post.
Twitter: @lily_cunningham

subset: commoncrawl


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Staged on the runways and taxiways of NAS North Island with Navy aircraft and ships in the background, the Coronado Classic Speed Festival featured over 200 of the world's top racing machines from years gone by competing on a spectator-friendly 1.6 mile course. These vintage racecars are chosen to compete on the basis of their historical significance and certified authenticity.
Alfa Romeo TZ1


text: Hi, Currently using ISPconfig 3 on CentOS 6.3. PHP is 5.3 using REMI repository. Recently while doing a yum update, yum is showing php to be upgraded to 5.4. I am afraid php 5.4 might break my clients websites. Should I update to php 5.4? Is there a way to configure yum's remi repository to only update php 5.3 and not upgrade to php 5.4? Really need the advice. Please share your thoughts. P.V.Anthony


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Our M-Steel treatment can be applied to any steel grade. The basis for the concept is that non-metallic inclusions are modified and controlled with calcium treatment. These inclusions are modified in a way to maximize machinability and to improve transverse fatigue strength. In this way, a protective layer is formed on the cutting tool during machining that very significantly reduces the wear on the tool and increases tool life. At every stage of the M-Steel production process the material is optimized to improve machinability, from raw material through melt, to casting, hot rolling and the final heat treatment. Individual delivery requirements can be met to supply your material in the best form for your machines in compliance with tight straightness and dimensional tolerances. M-steel has a consistent machinability from cast to cast, meaning that machines can be run with fixed high cutting rates and predictable tool change intervals from one production run to another.
By replacing conventional steel with M-Steel it is possible to lower machining costs by 30-40%, boosting both your productivity and profitability. This is down to M-Steel's ability to facilitate faster run times through higher cutting speeds, more predictable and longer tool lives, and easier chip formation. More than 400 customers have already proven the manufacturing advantages of M-Steel, achieving significant reductions in machining costs for component manufacture.
The effect of using M-Steel is particularly pronounced in turning in very hard conditions using Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) inserts. Replacing traditional grinding of case- or induction-hardened surfaces with Hard Part Turning can mean very large cost savings, together with production lead time and quality improvements.
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Since Ghost 0.42
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Color schemes
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The acquisition of the projects in Bougainville and Saint André, Picardy, with a combined production capacity of 23MW, brings Kallista's total capacity to 321MW. The wind farms use Enercon turbines.
Funds for the projects' acquisition were provided by AXA PE's third pan-European infrastructure fund, called AXA Infrastructure III. The fund is valued at €1.75 billion, of which €700 million has been invested so far.
Neither AXA PE or HG Capital revealed the value of yesterday's deal, which was the fifth investment to be made by AXA Infrastructure III.
AXA PE acquired Kallista from Babcock & Brown in 2009. This allowed Kallista to make numerous acquisitions, such as the Neoelectra Group in 2010 and Power ENR in 2011. In four years, Kallista's wind power has almost doubled.
AXA PE head of infrastructure Mathias Burghardt said: "This is the fifth operation made through AXA Infrastructure Fund III, our fund which reached €1.75 million when it closed in March. It is a perfect fit to our strategy of investing in core infrastructure assets in Europe.
"Europe provides very attractive deal flow opportunities to build a core infrastructure portfolio, which offers protection against inflation and low volatility."


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A divided Costa Mesa City Council on Tuesday made three appointments to the Planning Commission during a meeting that echoed the sharp political differences seen in the November election.
The council voted 5 to 0 to reappoint Planning Commissioner Colin McCarthy, but split 3-2 on returning former Planning Commissioner Jim Fitzpatrick and appointing newcomer Timothy Sesler. Mayor Jim Righeimer, Mayor Pro Tem Steve Mensinger and Councilman Gary Monahan voted in favor of the appointments; Councilwomen Wendy Leece and Sandra Genis dissented.
Genis and Leece supported giving Commissioner Sam Clark another term but failed to find a necessary third vote.
One of the three terms approved is for two years, and the other two are for four each. Fitzpatrick and Sesler each received the four-year terms.
McCarthy was chosen for the remaining two years of Commissioner Edward Salcedo's term. Salcedo resigned his seat Monday night, citing unspecified personal and business reasons.
Regarding the vacancy opened by Salcedo's departure, Genis asked if, given the staff report asking for only two appointments, the council was even allowed to appoint a third member. City Attorney Tom Duarte replied that the council could, after which members approved a motion — with Leece dissenting — to waive policy and proceed with the appointments.
Monahan nominated McCarthy, who then received the unanimous vote in his favor. Monahan and McCarthy, as well as Mensinger, campaigned in the past general election as the "3Ms" slate. Genis ran on an opposing slate supported by a grass-roots group, Costa Mesans for Responsible Government (CM4RG), but said her political differences with McCarthy last year did not influence her decision vote in his favor Tuesday.
Righeimer nominated Fitzpatrick. Genis, however, said she could not support Fitzpatrick, citing what she called his bad judgment becoming "embroiled through the various agencies. First he wants one job, then he wants the other job, then he wants the first job," she said.
She was alluding to his initial appointment on the Planning Commission, then his election by voters to the Costa Mesa Sanitary District's board in November 2010. His concurrent service, however, was problematic to his Sanitary District colleagues, who filed a lawsuit contending that service to both boards was a conflict of interest.
Fitzpatrick, who argued there was no conflict, resigned his planning seat in May in an effort to end the Sanitary District's lawsuit. The litigation continued, however, and Fitzpatrick resigned from the Sanitary District on Monday.
During the meeting, Genis accused Fitzpatrick of posting material regarding "female biological cycles" — an accusation that Fitzpatrick told the Daily Pilot after the vote he was "unaware of."
From the dais, Monahan defended Fitzpatrick, calling him a "tireless worker" who did a "very wonderful job" on the Planning Commission.
"I am very happy to support Mr. Fitzpatrick," Monahan said, "and as a far as his judgment, I have no problem with his judgment."
Mensinger said he felt it was wrong to "make accusations that are not founded … without the ability for that person to speak to those items."
Leece was critical of Fitzpatrick holding a small press conference at City Hall at the same time as a retirement party for a Costa Mesa police officer.
"I have a problem with Mr. Fitzpatrick's character as well," Leece said, "as far as poor judgment representing the city, and saying and doing things that are better left unsaid and left undone."
Fitzpatrick said when he called his conference, which decried campaign sign vandalism, he "had no idea" that the officer's party was happening; he didn't schedule the conference on purpose to conflict, he contended.
Fitzpatrick said Genis did not reach out to him in the appointment process, and that Righeimer, Mensinger and Monahan are "bending over backward to change, and I'm not seeing that from Leece and Genis. And I think they need to be held accountable for that."
"Their comments were pretty disappointing that they chose that stage to disparage an individual without any proof or sources," Fitzpatrick added, saying that some online comments are incorrectly attributed to him.
Before the appointments were made, Robin Leffler, CM4RG president, said of the situation, "This is a very interesting turn of events to suddenly have three seats open."
She referred to Righeimer's past statements calling for a collaborative and inclusive governing of the city and its council.
"If you do give the appointments only to people who were outspoken in their support for the three men on the council, then we'll know that's the only qualification for the Planning Commission," she said. "That's the most important one to you."
She said the other qualified applicants who weren't as vocal in the November election "had an equal amount to offer."
The planned appointments for the Parks and Recreation Commission, which has four openings, were pushed to the Feb. 5 regularly scheduled council meeting.
"That would give us a chance to meet a lot of what looks like some pretty impressive applicants," Righeimer said.
Twitter: @bradleyzint


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Tuesday May 21, 2019; 11:38 am EDT
The cocktail party conversation turned to local seafood snobbery. Several big-name restaurants highlighting seafood had opened and closed rather swiftly. McCormick & Schmick's and Real Seafood (both in Annapolis) failed, it was decided, because they thought they could do seafood better than we can.
I'm not sure if that explanation works, but I am sure that in Chesapeake Country we take our seafood seriously. For many specialties we can, and should, shop locally. With waterman part of our vernacular, it just makes sense. Of course, any restaurateur will tell you that availability is one thing, but cost drives the bus.
A good example, and one of my go-to lunch choices, is fish tacos. The fish taco can take many shapes, sizes and directions: corn tortilla vs. flour, hard vs. soft, cheese vs. slaw. The star of the show also takes on many forms.
Tilapia, a farm-raised fish, imported primarily from South America and Asia is a popular choice based on availability, low cost and ability to assume flavor based on seasoning. As a rather bland fish, it is best served seasoned or blackened.
California Tortilla makes its tacos of blackened tilapia with cabbage slaw, lime, cilantro and chipotle sour cream ($8.09 for two with chips, salsa and a drink).
Jalapenos in Annapolis offers herb-marinated tilapia with flour tortillas and a cilantro-mayo side.
Using local sources, Bayfish Seafood Market in Dunkirk makes great use of fresh catch with a delicious fried flounder taco ($5.99) with slaw, pico de gallo and chipotle sauce. Skipper's Pier in Deale offers a fried or sautéed flounder taco lunch entree ($11.50).
Not often offered, but available aplenty, is the invasive blue catfish. Promoted by Maryland Seafood, a division of Maryland Department of Natural Resources, as an excellent substitute for imported fish, the blue catfish is similar in flavor and price to tilapia. Since it's local and prolific, we're encouraged to eat it and thin the herd. Try the recipe yourself (www.cookingchanneltv.com/recipes/frankenfish-tacos-recipe/index.html), or eat-in at Alewife in Baltimore.
Gotta tasty tip for next week's Dish? Email Lisa Knoll at [email protected]


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Deputy CIA director Morell retires
Deputy CIA Director Michael Morell, who took the blame for editing the Obama administration's Benghazi talking points, announced his retirement Wednesday.
Morell, a 33-year CIA veteran, leaves a month after the White House released emails showing he was the one who removed al-Qaeda references from the much-debated talking points, which United Nations Ambassador Susan Rice later delivered on the Sunday talk shows.
Story Continued Below
CIA Director John Brennan said the exit was so Morell could "retire to spend more time with his family and to pursue other professional opportunities."
( PHOTOS: John Brennan's career)
Morell explicitly tried to tamp down on speculation about the cause.
"Whenever someone involved in the rough and tumble of Washington decides to move on, there is speculation in various quarters about the 'real reason,'" he said in a statement. "But when I say that it is time for my family, nothing could be more real than that."
Brennan announced that Morell will be replaced by Avril Haines, currently deputy assistant to the president and legal adviser to the National Security Council, who will become the highest-ranking woman ever to serve at the agency.
Morell, 54, ran the day-to-day operations of the CIA under the agency's high-profile former director, former Army Gen. David Petraeus. While Morell rankled some in the Obama administration for his role in crafting the early talking points about the Benghazi attack, it was him and not Petraeus who was involved in negotiating what Rice said.
Delivering those talking points would eventually derail Rice's chances to succeed Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.
The White House later released e-mail traffic showing the inter-agency editing of the talking points that showed it was Morell — responding to concerns from the State Department — who eliminated references to al-Qaeda from the talking points.
During the Benghazi talking points discussion, Morell first changed language that assigned blame to al-Qaeda to say that outside the diplomatic post, the "crowd almost certainly was a mix of individuals from across many sectors of Libyan society."
Later, according to documents released by the White House, Morell crossed out by hand entire sections of the talking points that speculated on who was responsible for the attack, the availability of weapons in Libya and previous attacks and threats in the country. He also eliminated language that referred to prior social media notifications taking place in Egypt.
Morell twice has served as interim CIA director and twice was passed over for the agency's top job. He delivered the president's daily brief to George W. Bush in 2001 before and after the Sept. 11 attacks. A decade later, he played an integral role in the 2011 killing of Osama bin Laden.


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MINNEAPOLIS — A federal prosecutor who worked to get the most violent criminals off the streets is expected to be named director of the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.
President Barack Obama says he intends to nominate B. Todd Jones to lead the ATF, which hasn't had a permanent director since 2006.
Jones is U.S. Attorney for Minnesota and has been ATF's acting director since late 2011. He took over amid controversy over an anti-gun smuggling operation. In his first weeks on the job, he, quote, "hit the reset button," assembling a law enforcement team to get the ATF back to fighting violent crime.
Jones' nomination must be confirmed by the Senate.
Republican Sen. Charles Grassley of Iowa says the Judiciary Committee will give Jones a hard look.


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NEW YORK, March 29, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- CEO Michael Zimmerman of hedge fundPrentice Capital and Chairman of retailer dELiA*s notes that it's not all plain sailing for online-only retailers: without a physical store, shops are reliant on couriers or the postal system to deliver purchases, and failed package delivery has long bedeviled online retailers.
Online retail giant Amazon is borrowing a tactic from traditional retailers, quietly installing large metal cabinets "Amazon Lockers" in grocery, convenience and drugstore outlets accepting packages for customers for later pickup. And Amazon is trying another method of selling its items: via vending machines in airports and some malls around the country.
Could this signal a convergence between online and offline retailing?
Zimmerman firmly believes customers want to combine pure online with visiting shops. Stores have a big role to play; typically more than two-thirds of sales combine stores with online elements, such as collecting Internet orders in-store, researching online or scanning items with smart phones to read reviews.
Retailers need strong branding and well-planned online & mobile shopping platforms, says Zimmerman, who has long held the view that the online-offline consumer convergence will put even more pressure on offline retailers to build a strong online retail presence.
Despite fewer shoppers in store, Zimmerman believes sales are increasingly driven by sofa shoppers wielding tablet computers. Considering that an estimated 64 million new iPhones and iPads are already in consumers hands during the last quarter of 2013, the new year could be a breakthrough year for mobile shoppers.
With parabolic mCommerce sales trends, retailers that do not provide consumers with a seamless shopping experience are leaving a significant amount of money on the table. A recent Deloitte study(1) that found customers who shop across channels spend three times more than store-only customers, and a small but growing percentage of revenue comes from online customers who only shop on mobile devices.
Michael Zimmerman's Prentice Capital is a financial investment advisory firm specializing in investments in the U.S. consumer retail sector. Prentice Capital Management LP is headquartered in Greenwich, and was founded in 2005 by Zimmerman.
Citations:(1) "The changing face of retail" Deloittes, 2013
SOURCE Prentice Capital Management LP
Copyright (C) 2014 PR Newswire. All rights reserved


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This year will be my second November, December & January trading. Until the ski season got going, the bookings fell off a cliff from the very end of October through to the end of January, aside from Christmas & Hogmanay. I have promotions and Secret Deals but at the present, booking remain sparse for these months.
Can anyone in a similar position who has an apartment business offer any suggestions? Have you had much luck searching for contractor contracts to see you through the lean months? I am 100% full from April to late October but then nowt so there isn't even a tailing off; it is feast and then famine!
Any words or advice would immediately put you on my Christmas Card list. Thank you ever so much,


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Cambodia inaugurates two protected areas
Posted on 14 December 2005
The Cambodian government has inaugurated the opening of two protected areas, highlighting the global significance of the country's unique dry forest habitats.Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia – The Cambodian government has inaugurated two protected areas, highlighting the global significance of the country's unique dry forest habitats.
The two protected areas — Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary and Mondulkiri Protected Forest — form part of one of the largest complexes of connected protected areas in Southeast Asia, covering more than one million hectares in a region referred to as the Eastern Plains.
"Despite the massive toll that Cambodia's recent history has taken on the dry forests, there is still hope for the incredible and globally significant biodiversity found here," said Dr Chris Hails, WWF International's Conservation Programme Director. "Taking action to protect this area now, will allow wildlife populations to recover and return the Eastern Plains Landscape to its former glory."
The Eastern Plains Landscape of Cambodia is home to many rare and endangered animal species, and is considered one of the last refuges for populations of several large mammal species in the Dry Forests of Southeast Asia, such as tiger, Asian elephant, wild water buffalo, banteng, gaur, Eld's deer, and endangered large birds including the sarus crane, and white-shouldered and giant ibises. All these species require large amounts of space and migrate freely throughout the landscape, and often cross into Vietnam, where hunting and trade threats are considered to be more serious.
The Eastern Plains has high potential for sustainable wildlife tourism. Due to the intact nature of the Dry Forest habitat, WWF, in partnership with Cambodia's Forestry Administration, has recently initiated a pilot project that aims to develop wildlife tourism similar to the safari-style tourism in parts of Africa. Income generated from the project will pay for ongoing conservation initiatives, as well as provide income for local communities and the government.
"Effective protection and conservation of wildlife species will help to make this area become a major tourist destination, second only to Angkor," said Cambodian Environment Minister Dr Mok Moreth. "Such ecotourism can help to reduce poverty within local communities."
WWF believes that sustainable tourism development, as one component of effective management of the protected area complex in the Dry Forests, is one of the most viable options for the Eastern Plains, as there is limited potential for other development activities such as agricultural development, for example, because of poor soil fertility and limited water resources.
WWF hopes that the declaration of the two protected areas will help usher in even greater commitment from the government in addressing key threats to the country's biodiversity and greater cooperation between key environmental ministries.
• The term Dry Forests refers to a habitat characterized by open deciduous forest, and the associated mosaic of mixed, denser deciduous forest, and semi-evergreen forest.
• WWF has worked in Cambodia since the mid 1990s and is part of the WWF Greater Mekong Programme. The WWF Cambodia programme runs projects mainly in Mondulkiri province through the Srepok Wilderness Area Project (SWAP), Species project in Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, and MOSAIC (Management of Strategic Areas for Integrated Conservation), and has a staff of more than 75 including field rangers.
• WWF is calling for concerted efforts in raising funds and developing partnerships with a wide range of stakeholders in order to secure biodiversity conservation on a large scale and over the long term. In the short-term, a key goal of WWF is to achieve protection and effective management of an entire landscape within the Lower Mekong Dry Forests Ecoregion; the Eastern Plains. This will contribute considerably to conserving globally significant biodiversity and essential natural resources that support the livelihoods of local communities.
For further information:
Nick Cox, Coordinator
WWF Dry Forests Ecoregion Programme
Tel : +855 23 218 034
E-mail: email@example.com


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text:
Over the course of his career, opposing teams have been the only ones to benefit from dropped passes by Packers tight end Jermichael Finley.
That won't be the case in the 2013 season. Finley has followed in the footsteps of Patriots wide receiver Danny Amendola and pledged donations to a Boston relief fund based on both his on-field successes and failures. Amendola said he'll donate $100 per catch and $200 per drop to relief efforts and Finley took to Twitter on Thursday to announce a similar effort.
I'll b donating $500 4 every dropped pass this season 2 One Fund Boston. Now fans can cheer & boo me @ the same time! Also giving $500/TD!—
Jermichael Finley (@JermichaelF88) April 18, 2013
Stats Inc. lists Finley as having dropped seven passes last season. When you add that to his two touchdowns, that would mean $4500 in contributions to the effort. Packers fans and the fans of other NFC North clubs surely hope that Finley will be handing more money over to those affected by the bombings in Boston, although the two sides won't share the same hope in how the bulk of Finley's donation is made.
We have no dog in that hunt, but applaud Finley for joining the effort and hope his donation provides assistance regardless of why he's writing the checks.


text:
Fix Laravel Website - Error: [an error occurred while processing this directive]
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text:
When they reached a $1.25 billion settlement with the USDA last February, members of the Pigford v. Glickman class action reasonably assumed they'd soon receive promised recompense. Now, claimants are still waiting.
Congress, having missed several deadlines, has yet to fund the settlement despite farm-state legislators' backing.
John Boyd, president of the National Black Farmers Association, spearheaded the settlement effort and has been pushing Congress and the White House to finalize the deal. Boyd spoke with Southeast Farm Pressin mid-August. Among his comments:
On where funding for the settlement stands…
"I was disappointed the (Obama) administration made a deal with Sen. (Blanche) Lincoln for $1.5 billion primarily in disaster payments or subsidy payments to large-scale corporate farmers. … I can promise you there won't be many black farmers taking part in that relief effort.
"I've been after President Obama and the administration to offer the black farmers an administrative remedy to help get us out of this political gridlock. The same kind of offer should've been made to black farmers like it was to Sen. Lincoln when she took her measure out of the small business (bill). We were taken out of the small business (bill) too. But there wasn't any type of deal offered to us. That's pretty much a double standard and I'm hopeful the president will meet with me in the coming weeks so we can discuss where we are in the process.
"You asked where we are? We're stuck in the Senate! We're stuck in political, gridlock politics. It's mid-term election politics."
That was my next question: if this wasn't an election year do you think this would've already gone through?
"I think so. I do think we need the involvement of President Obama to reach out to leadership — Republican and Democrat — to see what can be done to move the bill."
Do you think politicians are looking at the coming (class-action) cases (against the USDA) and the potential for having to fund them … and are frightened of what their constituents are going to say?
"I don't know. I can tell you I haven't spoken to a senator that doesn't support (funding the settlement). That's the bad part.
"I have knocked on every senator's door — Republican and Democrat. And I haven't spoken to a single (politician) or staff member who hasn't … supported (the settlement).
"That's a difficult pill to swallow when you've tried to get something done for 26 years and finally have people saying they want to help. Now, we're caught up in some bigger political fight. Every bill is being filibustered.
"I've met Sen. (Harry) Reid, (Senate majority leader) twice. I've had several buttonhole meetings with (Kentucky) Sen. Mitch McConnell (Senate minority leader) in the hallways. They both said they support (the settlement)…
"We're always tied up in some other, bigger fight.
"We need leadership to take a look at what's going on with black farmers and how long we've been fighting this fight. We've got a judgment (in our favor) in federal court. We have a bill that's law saying 'black farmers should be able to have their cases heard based on merit.' That's the law and it was supposed to be enacted within two years. None of those things have been done.
"We're still out here pushing and everyone has to be held accountable for not getting this done in time. Deadlines have been missed in the settlement agreement — three, so far. Where is the accountability?
"We have President Obama who says he's supportive, Secretary of Agriculture (Vilsack), leaders in the Senate and, bottom line, we still don't have our money. That's bad politics and bad for the American people to see how this is playing out in the media.
Staying course wise action?
I want to ask about the March 31 deadline that was missed. In the settlement there was a contingency that if the funding hadn't been (secured) by that time, you could pull out of the agreement. I'm wondering if, in hindsight, you wish you'd pulled out or if staying the course was the wisest choice?
"I hope eventually everyone will live up to their commitments in the settlement agreement. If they don't it'll be more of how history has treated black farmers — 40 acres and a mule, share-cropping and slavery. These are bad things that happened in American history.
"We have a chance, right now, to take something that's very wrong and turn it right. It could be played as a positive with everyone taking part — Republicans and Democrats. And this isn't a (partisan) issue. It's a right-and-wrong issue. It's a known fact that black farmers were treated wrong. We have a chance to fix that.
"I made the decision (to stay in) the settlement agreement — I'll go on the record with that. I made the decision to take the settlement offer.
"I have a lot on the table, here. That's another reason I want to sit down and talk to President Obama about this. "This is a very important issue right in the middle of race relations in this country. This is a perfect issue to talk about race and see what we can do, find our next step in this country to allow everyone to live together and understand each other's culture. Until that happens we'll continue to have issues that resurface with race."
You've mentioned a desire to meet with the president several times. Has the White House been amenable to that?
"I've had one meeting with the staff — the full staff. But I want to meet with the president. This is an issue that should be at his level.
"The way it looks to us, this doesn't have a high priority. But the (Obama) administration says it does have a very high priority. Well, if it does, I'd like to sit down with the president and find out his thinking on this issue. Let's map out a course that'll be victorious for the black farmers, for the administration, Congress and everyone involved.
"Right now, everyone is looking bad. This is bad, bad. It's bad what's happening in the Senate to the black farmers. I don't care how you look at it, it's bad when a bill comes to the Senate floor seven times and they still can't find a way to (fund the settlement) even though everyone is in agreement that the farmers were treated badly and should receive justice. That's bad.
"It doesn't make our political system look good with other countries watching what's transpiring with this issue."
Census and class size
I'm sure you've seen the reports and claims … regarding the census and how the numbers (of black farmers) don't line up with the class size. Have you heard those claims? How do they stack up?
"No. 1, the complaints went back from 1981 to 1997. Now, because it's taken so damned long, there are heirs involved in this. They're going to count. And you have the actual black farmers (who) between 1981 and 1997 filed a lot of complaints.
"Many tens of thousands (of complaints) were found at the USDA in boxes that had never been processed. That's why the definition of the class action went from 1981 to 1997.
"I wanted to go back to 1960 when we saw the biggest drop of land loss for blacks. But that didn't work.
"They (started claims in) 1981 … because that was the year the civil rights office was closed during the Reagan administration. It didn't reopen until the Clinton administration (provided) money to reopen it and they began to look at all the complaints black farmers had been sending to the USDA that were stacked up in boxes…
"Let's face the facts, here: the USDA was the last federal arm to integrate. They filed lawsuits to keep black people from working there. That's the history of the USDA — not something to be proud of.
"But I do think we have a chance to make the USDA a better place by settling this case and paying those farmers who were discriminated against some type of restitution. And that's what this is about."
I spoke with folks who were members of the original class (about) the lawyers who went around trying to pick up clients. Was that atmosphere too carnival-like and did it contribute to delegitimize the legitimate claims that existed?
"There were mistakes made in the first settlement. That's why I'm doing everything I can not to make those mistakes again.
"One was that discovery was waived. I think that was a mistake.
"But the USDA … never sent out a class notification to all the thousands of (farmers who filed discrimination complaints). So, again, the government was not the black farmers' friend.
"That's why so many farmers came in after the (first) filing deadline. They really didn't know about it. You're talking about the deep South. Recently, I was down in a farmer's house who didn't have running water. I'm trying to help him get running water in his house in 2010!
"So, when I hear about the economy and helping depressed areas, this settlement will help the most depressed areas in the South where the black farmers live. Many have never left the county they live in. And they'll spend (settlement) resources in the counties where they live.
"The settlement is a win/win for everyone involved. Prolonging it and not finalizing it by the Senate not giving the final nod makes everyone involved look bad. They've got everybody involved looking bad, including the leadership."
The reaction since the (missed) deadline on March 31? Are claimants still assuming that money is (headed to) them?
"Many of the farmers are involved in conference calls. We have conference calls with farmers that have been leaders in their states. They merely want to know why this can't be done. … They see it as the Senate not wanting to help black farmers. Period.
"It's hard to explain that it's part of a larger political gridlock."
Contrasting tones
When the settlement was announced in February, I listened to you and the folks at the Department of Justice and USDA speak. There was a marked contrast between your tone — and I don't want to say you sounded defeated, but skeptical in the extreme — and their tone, (which was) almost jubilant.
"Now, you can see why.
"I've been fighting this fight for 26 years. I've seen people on the turnip truck and people fall off. This has been a long haul.
"Every time I've been able to get a political victory, all the players were never in sync or in agreement. There was always somebody that didn't agree.
"The piece in the farm bill, President Bush wasn't really for. But it passed in the (last) farm bill anyway."
You're talking about the $100 million?
"Right. That was the piece that allowed the (black farmers) case to move forward to be heard based on its merits. … Now, I'm trying to secure the funding to get to the farmers…
"I'm concerned that if we don't get something on record in September, we'll be caught up in mid-term elections. I've been around politics long enough to know that isn't a good time to be pushing a measure in Congress.
"That's the biggest reason I want to meet with the president. If this doesn't get done in September, what is the administration going to do to live up to its commitment to provide justice to the black farmers? That's where I am because waiting until after November is not an option for the black farmers."
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Jul 12, 1978
Known for tough-chick roles, Michelle Rodriguez is proof that there is a cross between beauty and brawn. She was born Mayte Michelle Rodriguez on July 12, 1978, in Bexar County, Texas, to Carmen Milady Pared Espinal, from the Dominican Republic, and Rafael Rodríguez Santiago, who served in the U.S. Army and was originally from Puerto Rico. Michelle always knew she was destined


text: Nick Knight photographs Lindsey Wixson live for Dasha Zhukova's Garage magazine. Using styling by Katy England and captions by Perez Hilton, Knight reimagines Roy Lichtenstein's comic book inspired Pop art paintings - created as a commentary on popular culture and commercial art of the sixties - for the title's third issue. The final results are shown in editorial shots and unique moving images.


text:
This isn't a recent phenomenon.
It is a pattern with a storied history.
Republicans downplay rape to advance their extreme agenda.
This isn't a recent phenomenon.
It is a pattern with a storied history.
Donate or volunteer to support rape victims with RAINN.
Lindsey Graham A woman just told @LindseyGrahamSC she was raped. He said, as he headed into an elevator, "I'm sorry. Tell the cops." September 27, 2018
Kevin Cramer Doctor says he felt "raped" after Trump bodyguard raided office September 25, 2018
Dr. Harold Bornstein North Dakota GOP Senate nominee: I'm not sure trying to rape someone should disqualify you from SCOTUS May 1, 2018
HI Gov. Candidate Hawaii GOP gubernatorial candidate says cyberbullying from conservative activist like "being raped over and over" April 22, 2018
NH State Rep. N.H. lawmaker accused of starting 'Red Pill' forum on Reddit won't resign April 26, 2017
OK State Rep. Oklahoma lawmaker defends anti-abortion bill, says rape and incest are 'will of God' March 23, 2017
NE State Sen. Nebraska State Senator faces more criticism for retweet suggesting women's march demonstrators weren't attactive enough to be sexually assaulted January 23, 2017
Donald Trump Trump recorded having extremely lewd conversation about women in 2005 October 8, 2016
Mike Krawitz New Jersey GOPer Quits Race After He Told Female Reporter He Hopes She Gets 'Raped' September 6, 2016
Donald Trump Trump calls TPP a "rape" of the country three different times in a row. June 28, 2016
MO State Rep. Rape Pregnancies Are a "Silver Lining" from God, Says Missouri Lawmaker May 3, 2016
ID State Rep. Idaho legislator says trauma prevents pregnancy in rape, incest victims February 25, 2016
Michael Cohen Trump Spox on Past Ex-Wife Allegation: Legally, 'You Can't Rape Your Spouse' July 27, 2015
Scott Walker Scott Walker: women only concerned with rape and incest in 'initial months' of pregnancy June 3, 2015
TN House Rep. GOP Lawmaker Says Rape And Incest Are Too Hard To Verify, Shooting Down Abortion Exemptions April 22, 2015
Katie Pavlich Pavlich: feminists, colleges permit sexual assaults to aid "feminist anti-gun agenda" March 10, 2015
NV State Asm. Fiore takes heat over 'hot little girls' gun comment February 19, 2015
Star Parker Fox News Guest Calls Obama's Christianity Comments 'Verbal Rape' February 10, 2015
WV Del. GOP Lawmaker: Pregnancy From Rape 'Is The Silver Lining' February 5, 2015
UT State Rep. Utah lawmakers question if sex with an unconscious person is rape February 4, 2015
Lindsay Graham Lindsey Graham Tells Anti-Choice Activists: Need To Find 'Way Out Of This Definitional Problem With Rape' January 22, 2015
MO State Rep. This GOP Lawmaker Wants a Woman to Get Permission From the Father Before Having an Abortion December 17, 2014
George Will George Will Tells Miami University Students He Supports Help For 'Real Rape' Victims October 23, 2014
Matt Mackowiak GOP Strategist Says Rape And Incest Victims Are 'Minor Issues' September 24, 2014
Todd Akin Akin: abortion "easily trumps slavery as the greatest moral evil in American history" July 10, 2014
George Will George Will Stands By His Incendiary Sexual Assault Column June 20, 2014
George Will Wash. Post's George Will: Sexual Assault Victim Is Now A "Coveted Status" June 8, 2014
MO State Sen. Sater doubles down on comments that rape victims agree to pregnancy if Plan B turned down March 8, 2014
MO State Sen. Senior lawmaker: women make conscious decision "not to get the 'Plan B'" March 7, 2014
ME State Rep. GOP state rep. suggests a man can force himself on women if women can get abortions February 27, 2014
Lila Rose Pro-lifer on Crossfire: abortion doesn't "unrape" a woman January 22, 2014
VA State Sen. GOP Congressional Candidate: Spousal Rape Shouldn't Be a Crime January 15, 2014
Right to Life of Michigan Michigan Lawmakers Considering Abortion Bill That Would Force Women To Buy 'Rape Insurance' December 4, 2013
County (PA) GOP Chair Top State GOP Official Accused of Drugging, Raping Coworker November 27, 2013
Rush Limbaugh Limbaugh: Changing Filibuster Like Changing Men-Can't-Rape Rule November 22, 2013
NE State Sen. Nebraska Gubernatorial Candidate Blames Rape Of 93-Year-Old Woman On Undocumented Immigration August 2, 2013
MO State Sen. Brian Nieves, GOP State Senator: Abortions To Save Mother's Life Are 'A Matter Of Convenience' July 20, 2013
TX State Sen. GOP on blocking exemption for rape, incest: testimony amounted to people "making bad choices" and then "walk away from bad choices" July 11, 2013
TX State Rep. Laubenberg: "In the emergency room they have what's called rape kits where a woman can get cleaned out." June 24, 2013
Paul LePage Maine Governor Denounces Democratic Budget Using Anal Rape Joke June 20, 2013
Trent Franks GOP congressman: Rate of pregnancies from rape is 'very low' June 12, 2013
Saxby Chambliss Gee Whiz, Saxby Chambliss Actually Said 'Hormones' Turn Troops into Rapists June 4, 2013
John McCain John McCain: Women should avoid military service until sexual misconduct crisis solved June 4, 2013
Barbara Listing Anti-Choice Leader: Rape Is Like A Car Accident, So Women Should Buy 'Extra Insurance' For Abortion May 22, 2013
Brad Blakeman Fox News guest: Obama 'encouraging' statutory rape by supporting birth control May 3, 2013
TN State Rep. Tennessee Republican attacks 'disgusting' Humane Society over 'tape and rape' April 29, 2013
IL State Rep. Tom Morrison, Illinois State Rep, Compares Gay Marriage To Polygamy, Statutory Rape In E-mail April 12, 2013
Steven Crowder Steven Crowder: 'What Is This Obsession With Ashley Judd And Rape?' March 16, 2013
Phil Gingrey Gingrey: "Whereas Todd said the panic would cause a body to shut down, more recent data suggests just the opposite is probably true" March 11, 2013
Celeste Greig Leader of California Republican group steps into rape pregnancy controversy March 1, 2013
IA State Rep. Bill would define abortion as murder with no exceptions for rape, incest or to protect the life of the mother February 7, 2013
Steve King King tells radio host he would not disavow Akin's "legitimate rape" comment, claims he "knows nothing" of Akin's "theory" February 6, 2013
Personhood USA One of the country's most extreme anti-abortion groups is encouraging Republican politicians to keep talking about rape January 29, 2013
Kellyanne Conway Kellyanne Conway: If women, men had equal strength, 'rape would not exist' January 23, 2013
NM State Rep. New Mexico Bill Would Criminalize Abortions After Rape As 'Tampering With Evidence' January 23, 2013
Paul Ryan Paul Ryan Once Again Sponsors the Bill That Would Make It Possible for Women's Rapists to Sue Them January 11, 2013
Phil Gingrey GOP Rep: Todd Akin 'Partly Right' On Legitimate Rape January 10, 2013
Charles Krauthammer Charles Krauthammer: Larger Sandy Relief Bill Was 'Rape Of The Treasury' January 5, 2013
Eric Cantor Cantor: Rape is less heinous to some women December 14, 2012
Michael Graham FOX News guest: OFA wanted to convince voters Romney would put women in "rape camps" November 8, 2012
Todd Akin Todd Akin Campaign Features Rape Victim In Ad Targeting Women November 1, 2012
John Koster Candidate says "rape thing" not cause for abortion October 31, 2012
Newt Gingrich Gingrich Defends Mourdock's Rape Comments, Advising Women To 'Get Over It' October 28, 2012
KS State Sen. Steve Fitzgerald, Kansas 5th District hopeful, jokes about domestic violence October 26, 2012
Ron Christie Ron Christie on The Ed Show: women's issues, and particularly rape, are "small ball" October 25, 2012
Richard Mourdock Republican Senate Candidate: Conception From Rape 'Is Something That God Intended' October 23, 2012
Linda McMahon Linda McMahon invents a new kind of rape: 'emergency rape' October 17, 2012
PA House GOP Pennsylvania Bill Would Reduce Welfare Benefits For Women Who Cannot Prove They Were Raped October 17, 2012
WI State Rep. Rep. Roger Rivard criticized for 'some girls rape easy' remark October 10, 2012
Rick Berg Rick Berg to pregnant women as a result of rape: don't know what to tell you other than you're having this baby October 10, 2010
Roscoe Bartlett Maryland Congressman Says 'Few Pregnancies' Result From Rape August 30, 2012
Republican Platform GOP Platform: Abortion Ban Approved By Republicans In Tampa, In All Cases August 28, 2012
Paul Ryan Paul Ryan: Rape Just Another Method Of Conception August 27, 2012
Tom Smith Tom Smith, GOP Senate Candidate: Pregnancy From Rape Similar To 'Having A Baby Out Of Wedlock' August 27, 2012
Paul Ryan Paul Ryan Is 'Very Proud' Of 'Forcible Rape' Bill He Co-Sponsored With Todd Akin August 23, 2012
Steve King Rep. Steve King: I've Never Heard Of A Girl Getting Pregnant From Statutory Rape Or Incest August 21, 2012
Sharon Barnes GOP official says God chooses to bless raped women with pregnancy August 21, 2012
Todd Akin Republican Senate Nominee: Victims Of 'Legitimate Rape' Don't Get Pregnant August 19, 2012
Nikki Haley Haley Blasted for Calling Rape Crisis Centers 'Special Interests' July 17, 2012
Nikki Haley Nikki Haley Calls Battered And Raped Women 'Distractions,' Vetoes Legislation July 10, 2012
IN State Rep. Indiana Republican: Women May Fake Rape To Get An Abortion March 31, 2012
PA State Rep. Rape victims to report the crime within 72 hours in order to receive an abortion March 29, 2012
ID State Sen. Silly Ladies Don't Know What Rape Is, Suggests Idaho Legislator March 20, 2012
Ron Paul Ron Paul Generously Offers Victims of 'Honest Rape' the Right to Abortion February 6, 2012
Rick Santorum Rape victims should 'make the best of a bad situation' if they get pregnant and give birth to the 'gift from God' January 24, 2012
MA State Rep. Massachusetts Republican: Undocumented Immigrant Rape Victims 'Should Be Afraid To Come Forward' June 9, 2011
KS State Sen. Rep. Pete DeGraaf: Being Impregnated During a Rape Is Just Like Getting a Flat Tire May 24, 2011
House GOP GOP Bill Would Force IRS to Conduct Abortion Audits March 18, 2011
FL State Rep. Republican lawmaker blames 11-year-old victim of alleged gang rape March 16, 2011
GA State Rep. Georgia Republican's bill would reclassify rape victims as 'accusers' February 5, 2011
House GOP The House GOP's Plan to Redefine Rape January 28, 2011
Nathan Deal Deal targeted Rape Shield October 15, 2010
Ken Buck Buck Accuses Rape Victim of Just Having "Buyer's Remorse" October 11, 2010
Sharron Angle Sharron Angle's Advice For Rape Victims Considering Abortion: Turn Lemons Into Lemonade July 8, 2010
Dennis Nolan Republican Senator blames 16-year-old rape victim June 6, 2010
Senate GOP Meet The Senators Who Voted Against The Franken Amendment March 18, 2010
KS State Rep. Kansas lawmaker compares rape to auto theft February 18, 2010
Scott Brown Why Does Republican Senate Candidate Scott Brown Hate Rape Victims? January 13, 2010
Dennis Prager McConnell fundraiser: Wives owe their husbands sex even if they're not in the mood December 23, 2008
Sam Brownback Brownback Questions Abortion for Rape Victims in Speech to Catholic Men's Conference June 10, 2007
Kerry Healey Exploiting female voters' fear of rape October 20, 2006
SD State Rep. 'Rape and incest' is a buzzword April 20, 2006
SD State Rep. Napoli: "religious virgin" "brutally and savagely raped, murdered" rant March 5, 2006
UT Sen. GOP Senate: Incestuous dad knows best February 28, 2006
Bill Owens Republicans united behind Gov. Bill Owens to make sure his "emergency contraception for rape" veto stood May 3, 2005
AZ State Rep. Arizona Republicans in favor of spousal rape March 11, 2005
Grover Norquist Norquist: "Bipartisanship is another name for date rape" December 15, 2003
VA State Del. What Is It With Loudoun Republicans?!? Dick Black on Spousal Rape, "Nighties" February 7, 2002
Fay Boozman Candidate: rare for women to get pregnant during rape because their fear triggered hormonal changes that blocked conception October 29, 1998
Dan Webster Webster has said that he opposes abortion in all cases, including cases of rape or incest November 17, 1996
Henry Aldridge Lawmaker Says Rape Can't Cause Pregnancy April 21, 1995
Todd Akin Akin voted for an anti-marital-rape law, questioned use "in a real messy divorce as a tool and a legal weapon to beat up on the husband" May 1, 1991
ME House Rep. GOPer: "If a woman has (the right to abortion), why shouldn't a man be free to use his superior strength to force himself on a woman? At least the rapist's pursuit of sexual freedom doesn't (in most cases) result in anyone's death" October 4, 1990
Clayton Williams Texas Candidate's Comment About Rape Causes a Furor March 26, 1990
Bobby Knight Knight: "I think that if rape is inevitable, relax and enjoy it" April 25, 1988
PA State Rep. Freind's Rape-pregnancy Theory Refuted March 23, 1988


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High-frequency trading is in the sights of a Senate panel that conducted some of the sharpest scrutiny of Wall Street firms over wrongdoing tied to the 2008 credit crisis.
Senator Carl Levin, chairman of the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, asked regulators to provide information on risks posed by high-speed traders in advance of a hearing this month, according to three people with knowledge of the matter.
Levin, a Michigan Democrat, sought responses from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) to 13 questions on the effects, trends, concerns, and regulatory reaction related to high-frequency trading, according to a copy of the letter obtained by Bloomberg News and confirmed by one of the people.
"We have remained concerned with those issues, as public interest in high-frequency trading in the U.S. capital markets and apparent trading abuses in connection with high-frequency trading have increased," according to the April 11 letter signed by Levin and Senator John McCain of Arizona, the panel's top Republican. They requested responses by May 1.
Elise Bean, staff director for the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, declined to comment.
Lawmakers are increasing pressure on regulators and prosecutors to rein in computerized and algorithmic traders who account for about half of U.S. stock trades. Traders like those highlighted by Michael Lewis in his book "Flash Boys" have been linked by critics to the May 2010 flash crash and market volatility during the European debt crisis.
SEC and CFTC Plans
SEC Chair Mary Jo White, in a speech today, unveiled her agency's strongest plan yet for reining in high-frequency trading. Proprietary traders who use automated strategies would have to register with the SEC and comply with its rules, White said at the Sandler O'Neill & Partners Global Exchange and Brokerage Conference in New York.
The CFTC is also considering possible new regulations, including whether a registration requirement would improve market oversight.
Levin's committee is known for its highly publicized investigations that often result in regulatory investigations or regulatory action. Past hearings have focused on Goldman Sachs Group Inc.'s sales of collateralized debt obligations that soured during the credit crisis, JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s London Whale trading losses and Credit Suisse Group AG's offshore tax evasion.
In his letter to the SEC and CFTC, Levin asked if the regulators had found evidence that investors pay a higher price to buy or receive a lower price to sell and any evidence linking high-frequency trading to exchange-related problems or concerns.


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When the local library organizes a reading group househusband Ed is the first to join up. Ed stays at home with infant daughter Georgia while his wife Bernice works. Ed suspects that Bernice is carrying on an affair with her boss due to her strange hours and her increasing indifference to their family unit. Kate, a 42 year old furniture restorer with her own shop has a major crush on Ed. Kate has a teenage daughter who is going through the difficult ...


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Karāchi, city and capital of Sindh province, southern Pakistan. It is the country's largest city and principal seaport and is a major commercial and industrial centre. Karāchi is located on the coast of the Arabian Sea immediately northwest of the Indus River Delta.
The city has been variously called Caranjee, Crochey, Krotchey, Currachee, and Kurrachee. All its names are believed to be derived from the Sindhi name of the original settlement that initially stood on the spot—Kalachi-Jo-goth (meaning the village of Kalachi—the headman of the tribe).
The impetus to Karāchi's development originally came from its role as the port serving the Indus River valley and the Punjab region of British India. The development of air travel subsequently increased Karāchi's importance. It is also the port serving the landlocked country of Afghanistan. Area city, 228 square miles (591 square km); Greater Karāchi, 560 square miles (1,450 square km). Pop. (1998) city, 9,269,265; (2007 est.) urban agglom., 12,130,000.
Physical and human geography
The landscape
The city site
Karāchi Harbour, on the shores of which the city is situated, is a safe and beautiful natural harbour. It is protected from storms by Kiamāri Island, Manora Island, and Oyster Rocks, which together block the greater part of the harbour entrance in the west.
A low-lying coastal strip runs along the shore of the harbour. Away from the coast, the ground rises gently to the north and east to form a large plain, from 5 to 120 feet (1.5 to 37 metres) above sea level, on which the city of Karāchi is built. The Malīr River, a seasonal stream, passes through the eastern part of the city, and the Layāri River, also seasonal, runs through the most densely populated northern section. Some ridges and isolated hills occur in the north and east; Mango Pīr, the highest elevation, is 585 feet high.
The 560 square miles that constituted the Federal Capital Area of Pakistan in 1948 are considered, for all practical purposes, to form the Karāchi metropolitan area. Almost half of the area is occupied by the city and its suburbs, and the surrounding 332 square miles consist of agricultural land and wasteland.
Karāchi has pleasant weather for the greater part of the year. May and June are the hottest months, when the mean maximum temperature is about 93 °F (34 °C). Spells of enervating weather occasionally prevail in May and October, during which the temperature shoots up to 105 °F (41 °C). The coolest months are January and February, during which the mean minimum temperature remains about 56 °F (13 °C). A biting north wind occasionally blows in these months, during which the temperature may drop to 40 °F (4 °C). The relative humidity varies from 58 percent in October, the driest month, to 82 percent in August, the wettest month. The average rainfall is 8 inches (203 mm); most of the rain falls during a total of 9 or 10 days in the months of June, July, and August.
The city faces pollution problems. High humidity in the region does not permit evaporation of stagnant water in some places, while fumes from factories and automobiles contribute to air pollution, in spite of land and sea breezes.
Plant and animal life
The natural vegetation is scanty. Seaweed rises in tangles, and mangroves grow along some of the shores. Coarse grass, cactus, and castor plants occur on the plains and hills, and date and coconut palms grow in the river valleys.
The common wild animals are wolves, chinkaras (a type of gazelle), hog deer, jackals, wild cats, and hares. Domestic animals include sheep, goats, horses, and cows. Local birds include geese, ducks, snipe, cranes, flamingos, and ibis. Various types of snakes are found in the region, particularly cobras, kraits, vipers, and pythons.
The city layout
The most striking aspect of Karāchi's layout is the west-to-east parallel alignment of the four arterial roads—Nishter Road (formerly called Lawrence Road), Mohammed Ali Jinnah Road (formerly Bandar Road), Shahrah-e-Liaquat (Frere Road), and I.I. Chundrigar Road (McCleod Road). Beginning at Mereweather Tower in the vicinity of the port, these roads run through the centre of the city. Several roads, such as Napier Road, Dr. Zia-ud-din Ahmed Road (Kutchery Road), and Garden Road, cut perpendicularly across these arteries from north to south.
The old town lies near the port, to the north of M.A. Jinnah Road, and with extensions stretching along the material roads for over a mile; unplanned, it is reminiscent of medieval towns of the Middle East or Europe. East of the old town are such districts as the Drigh Cantonment, the Civil Lines (residential areas for senior civil service officers), and the Saddar Bazar. This area is planned on a checkerboard pattern and shows European characteristics. Beyond this stretch several radial roads, along which growth has taken the form of neighbourhood units; each unit is laid out with straight, broad roads connected by smaller streets.
The land-use pattern of the city is complex. In the central area, the preponderance of residential property tends to form a matrix within which all other functions are distributed. There is, however, a marked concentration of commercial buildings at the western ends of M.A. Jinnah Road and I.I. Chundrigar Road. Wholesale businesses are located in the old town, retail businesses along M.A. Jinnah Road and in Saddar Bazar, and the government offices on Shahrah-e-Liaquat, near Saddar. The outer areas are dominated by dormitory suburbs interspersed with a scattering of cantonments (military quarters), agricultural tracts, saltworks, airports, railway stations, and marshaling yards.
The city proper has old and decayed buildings, occupied by members of the middle and lower income groups. Farther from the city centre are modern bungalows occupied by richer persons; the outer zone is occupied by workers.
Karāchi has a variety of types of buildings. The central area contains apartment bungalows, barracks, and multistoried buildings; the outer areas are characterized by bungalows, blocks of flats, and quarters (streets of small houses). Buildings of the British period were constructed with stone in Western styles of architecture; other stone buildings in the central city show a blending of Eastern and Western styles and have towers, domes, pillars, arches, hanging balconies, and rectangular courtyards. Buildings in the outer areas are built of cement blocks, and with few exceptions they show no uniformity in design. Some follow contemporary North American design, while others incorporate features of traditional Muslim architecture.
The people
No ethnic group predominates in the city. Cultural and social activities essentially revolve around religion. The population is almost entirely Muslim, but there are also small Christian, Hindu, Parsi, Buddhist, and Jain minorities. Most of the Muslims are of Indian or Pakistani origin, except for "Makranis" and "Shiddies," who have black African ancestry. They originated during the era of the slave trade in the days before British rule, when Karāchi was an important slave-trading centre. Some of the members of the Christian minority are of Indo-Pakistani origin, while others are descended from Portuguese or other European groups.
The economy
Textiles and footwear are the principal items manufactured, followed by such items as metal products, food and beverages, paper and printing, wood and furniture, machinery, chemicals and petroleum, leather and rubber, and electrical goods. Karāchi is also an important centre for handicrafts and cottage industries that produce handloomed cloth, lace, carpets, articles made of brass and bell metal (an alloy of copper and tin), pottery, leather goods, and gold and silver embroidery. Karāchi handles the entire seaborne trade of Pakistan and of landlocked Afghanistan.
There are more than 25 banks in Karāchi that have branches throughout Pakistan; these include the State Bank of Pakistan, the Habib Bank Ltd., the National Bank of Pakistan, the United Bank Ltd., the Industrial Development Bank of Pakistan, and the Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan. The city is also the centre of about two dozen insurance companies, which play an important role in the economic development of the country by investing large sums in power development, housing programs, joint-stock companies, government loan securities, and savings certificates.
Karāchi has a stock exchange that handles nearly all of the transactions in government securities and in the shares of most of the important industrial and financial institutions.
The Karāchi-Peshāwar highway links the city with the interior of Pakistan, while the Karāchi-Ormāra highway extends along the coast. The Karāchi-to-Zāhedān highway connects it with Iran and other Middle Eastern countries. Express roads radiate from the city centre, while feeder roads connect the express roads with local streets.
Karāchi is the terminus of Pakistan's railway system, which mainly serves to transport goods between Karāchi and the interior. There are also passenger trains, as well as a circular railway that skirts the city on the north and the east, for commuter traffic and the transport of goods between the port and the industrial areas.
Karāchi Airport provides international service. The port of Karāchi is one of the busiest east of Suez.
Administration and social conditions
The city is administered by five institutions, the heads of which are appointed by the government. The Karāchi Municipal Corporation, constituted in 1852, performs a large number of civic functions affecting more than three-fourths of the population of Greater Karāchi. The Korangi-Lāndhi and Drigh-Malīr municipal committees were established in 1966 and 1970, respectively, to provide civic facilities to the suburban areas developed after 1947. The Karāchi Cantonment Board is the administrative body for the areas where the military are quartered. The Karāchi Port Trust administers the affairs of the port and is entrusted with the development and maintenance of the harbour.
Public utilities
The three main sources of the city's water supply are Lake Hāleji, 55 miles (90 km) away, fed by the Indus River; wells that have been sunk in the dry bed of the Malīr River, 18 miles away; and Lake Kalri, 60 miles away, also fed by the Indus waters. Although the city's water mains stretch for many miles, some of the outer areas, such as Lāndhi, Malīr, New Karāchi, and Mauripur, still have an acute water shortage.
The Karāchi Electric Supply Corporation is responsible for electricity services. It has several power stations located in the city; these stations use natural gas, diesel oil, or both. A nuclear power station is operated at Paradise Point.
Karāchi Municipal Corporation maintains a fleet of vehicles for refuse collection, night soil removal, dog catching, and antimalarial and antifly operations. Sweepers are employed to clean the streets. Sewage is disposed of by two underground drainage systems, and there are two sewage treatment plants, one serving the city proper and the other the outlying areas.
Health and security
Karāchi proper has more than 20 general hospitals, as well as several hospitals specializing in tuberculosis, skin diseases, leprosy, and epidemic diseases. There are also child-welfare centres and dispensaries, in addition to general hospitals in the suburbs.
There are several well-equipped fire-fighting stations; separate fire brigade units are attached to the railway network. In addition, the Port Trust and Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) have services that can be used in emergencies.
The police are administered by the Sindh provincial administration; the inspector general of police is assisted by a force of more than 1,100. The city is divided into 40 police districts.
Karāchi has more than 900 schools, of which the majority are primary schools and the rest are secondary schools. More than half of all these are privately run, the rest being run by the government. Among schools established by different religious communities are Karāchi Grammar School, St. Joseph's Convent School, and St. Patrick's High School, all of which are Christian; a school for the Parsi community; and Sindh Madrassa, a Muslim school.
The University of Karāchi is the primary institution of higher education. It has more than 20 graduate departments in arts and sciences, as well as a graduate school of business administration. Courses in a variety of subjects, including commerce and law, are provided by about 75 colleges affiliated to the university. In addition, there is a medical college, as well as two engineering colleges, a polytechnic institute, a college of home economics, and two teacher-training colleges.
Cultural life
The Arts Council of Pakistan is the primary cultural institution in the city; it organizes various cultural functions including art exhibitions, and offers training in music. The Ghanshyam Art Centre and the Bulbul Academy promote Pakistani dancing and other cultural activities.
Karāchi does not have well-established theatre, but amateur dramas and variety shows are frequently staged in Katrak Hall. Motion pictures are more popular, and there are more than 50 cinema theatres.
Karāchi has a small museum containing relics of the early Indus Valley civilization and examples of the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhāra (a region of ancient India in what is now northwestern Pakistan); it also has some ethnological collections representing life in different regions of Pakistan.
The library of the University of Karāchi is the city's largest, but there are other libraries containing books of a popular nature. Material of a more scholarly nature is to be found in the British Council Library, the American Center Library, and the Liaquat Memorial Library. The departmental libraries of the State Bank of Pakistan, the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, and the National Archives contain collections of books on economics and on national matters.
There is a general shortage of open spaces and parks in Karāchi. Gandhi Gardens and Fatima Jinnah (Burns) Gardens are popular parks. There are a number of fine swimming and fishing beaches, such as Paradise Point, Hawkes Bay, Sandspit, Manora, and Clifton. The Karāchi Zoo is located in the Gandhi Gardens and contains a varied collection of mammals, birds, and reptiles.
Sports and games facilities are mostly provided by such associations as the Karāchi Gymkhana, the Parsi Gymkhana, the Agha Khan Gymkhana, and the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA). Various organizations and educational institutions have their own playgrounds. The largest sports area is the National Stadium, which contains playgrounds for cricket, hockey, football (soccer), and tennis. There are also boating, yachting, and flying clubs.
Karāchi was a small fishing village when a group of traders moved there in the early 18th century from the decaying port of Kharak Bandar nearby. Besides the natural protection against monsoon storms, Manora Head furnished an excellent site for the defense of the harbour, and the Talpura amīrs who gained Karāchi from the khān of Kalāt in 1795 erected a permanent fort on it. The settlement expanded rapidly and was already of significance when it was captured in 1839 by the British, who annexed it in 1842, together with the province of Sindh. It then became an army headquarters for the British and also began to develop from a fishing village into the principal port for the Indus River region.
In 1843 a river-steamer service was introduced between Karāchi and Multān, about 500 miles up the Indus. Port facilities were improved from 1854 onward. In 1861 a railway was built from Karāchi to Kotri, 90 miles upstream on the right bank of the Indus, opposite Hyderābād. In 1864 direct telegraph communications were established with London and with the interior. With the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, the importance of Karāchi grew, and it became a full-fledged seaport. By 1873 it possessed an efficient and well-managed harbour.
Karāchi was connected directly with the hinterland when the railway line was extended from Kotri in 1878 to join the Delhi-Punjab railway system at Multān. In 1886 the Karāchi Port Trust was established as the port authority, and between 1888 and 1910 the East Wharf—186,000 feet in length—was constructed. When the Punjab emerged as the granary of India in the 1890s, Karāchi became the region's principal outlet. By 1914 it had become the largest grain exporting port of the British Empire.
After World War I, manufacturing and service industries were installed. By 1924 an aerodrome had been built, and Karāchi became the main airport of entry to India. The city became the provincial capital of Sindh in 1936.
With the creation of Pakistan in 1947, Karāchi became not only the capital and premier port of the new country but also a centre for industry, business, and administration. Although Rāwalpindi became the interim capital in 1959, before the capital permanently moved to Islāmābād in 1969, Karāchi maintained its preeminence as Pakistan's business and industrial hub. In a development typical of many postcolonial megacities, this premier economic status subsequently contributed to an enormous increase in Karāchi's population, as a huge influx of job-seeking immigrants from rural areas nearly doubled the city's size in the final two decades of the 20th century. With the city's infrastructure already overburdened to the breaking point, fully one-third of these new arrivals were forced to take up residence in urban shantytowns known as katchi abadis, which ordinarily lacked power, running water, or sanitation. The delivery of basic city services remained an ongoing problem for Karāchi into the 21st century.
The final quarter of the 20th century also brought a huge wave of urban violence and crime to Karāchi, in the form of ethnic violence between native Sindhis and more recent immigrants from India, the muhajirs, and in an increased rate of both simple crime and organized brigandage. The severity of lawlessness in Karāchi prompted the government to initiate a military crackdown on crime in the city in 1992, but this campaign did not begin to see significant results until the end of that decade.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
India: The completion of dominion and expansion…during the First Anglo-Afghan War, Karachi, occupied in 1839, was retained. Further demands were then made; the moderate resident James Outram was superseded by the militant general Sir Charles James Napier; and resistance was provoked, to be crushed at the Battle of Miani (1843). Sind was then annexed to the…
Pakistan…and its largest city is Karachi, in the south on the coast of the Arabian Sea.…
Pakistan: Urban settlement…cities have a dominating position—Karachi, the capital of Sindh province (and of the country until 1959), and Lahore, the capital of Punjab. Since the 1960s, government policy has been directed toward the dispersal of industry, which had become heavily concentrated in Karachi. As a consequence, urban growth has been…
Sindh…its large-scale manufacturing centred in Karāchi. The province accounts for a substantial part of the country's entire raw-cotton production and contains many of the nation's cotton mills. Several large cement factories turn out much of Pakistan's cement products, and there is a sugar industry with a large number of mills.…
Construction, the techniques and industry involved in the assembly and erection of structures, primarily those used to provide shelter. Construction is an ancient human activity. It began with the purely functional need for a controlled environment to…
More About Karāchi4 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- affected by Anglo-Afghan War
importance to
- Pakistan
- Sindh
- In Sindh


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California Department of TransportationDate: June 23, 2011
District: District 12, Orange County
Contact: Tracey Lavelle
Phone: (949) 724-2031
$825 Million allocated to create jobs and improve transportation
IRVINE – The California Transportation Commission (CTC) today allocated $825 million in new funding to 92 highway, transit, and rail projects that will strengthen California's economy and upgrade the state's vast transportation system.
The allocations included nearly $9 million from Proposition 1B, a 2006 voter-approved transportation bond. To date, the state has allocated nearly $8 billion in Proposition 1B funds.
"From one end of the state to the other, transportation projects are providing jobs and improving mobility for people and businesses in California," said Caltrans Acting Director Malcolm Dougherty. Two notable design-build projects in Los Angeles County received $526 million in allocations: the Gerald Desmond Bridge ($470 million) and the Interstate 10/Interstate 605 Direct Connector ($56 million). Design-build streamlines a project by overlapping design and construction to speed up construction and potentially reduce costs. Design-build is currently being used in 32 other states. Caltrans obtained design-build authority in February 2009 with the passage of Senate Bill 4 (second extraordinary session). The legislation established a demonstration program, which allows 10 design-build projects for Caltrans and five for local transportation agencies, subject to authorization by the CTC. Orange County was allocated $16 million to repave and repair 82 lane miles of pavement on Interstate 5 in San Juan Capistrano and Mission Viejo from SR-1 to Oso Creek to improve safety and provide motorists a smoother ride.
For information about all projects that received allocations please visit: http://www.dot.ca.gov/docs/ctcprojectallocationsjune2011.pdf
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We've had a number of disturbing reports these last couple of weeks about employers instructing their workers to vote for Romney or risk losing their jobs. It has a chilling effect on free speech, certainly, letting employees know that any public announcement of their support whether it be in conversation or a bumper sticker on their car would put them in danger of losing their job. It's generally not illegal for an employer to fire workers based on their political views in this country. (And contrary to what everyone's been saying, this is not due to Citizens United. They've always been able to do it, but until recently they still had some shame.) This is a form of intimidation, to be sure, designed to immobilize political activity for the Democrats, even in employees' private lives.
I have been making the case that at least we have a secret ballot, which protects the vote of everyone, even if these GOP authoritarians are attempting to restrict their employees political activity. A reader wrote in to tell me that I am wrong about that. Get a load of this editorial from The Denver Post:
U.S. District Court Judge Christine Arguello shouldn't have the last word on whether Colorado voters have a right to expect their ballots will be anonymous. It seems fairly clear to us that the state constitution protects such a right.
Arguello last week dismissed a lawsuit seeking to stop counties from printing ballots with identifying bar codes, saying she didn't have jurisdiction and suggesting there is no right to a secret ballot. The lawsuit by Citizen Center insisted that such a right is protected by both federal and state constitutions.
I know much of the nation was shocked when Justice Antonin Scalia blithely announced that the constitution doesn't guarantee a right to vote in Bush vs Gore. I think they would be equally shocked to find out that some judges don't believe they have the right to a secret ballot either. And unfortunately, I'm guessing that if this issue makes its way to the Supreme Court, we might just have that question "clarified" in a way we don't care for.
I don't know where this will go, but I'd guess it's just the latest in vote intimidation and suppression tactics. I can easily see some people opting out of voting rather than take the chance that some corrupt GOP election official decides to leak their name to their employer. (Again, there's no law against firing workers for their political beliefs.) In a wage-slave economy, I think voters can be forgiven for being a little bit paranoid.
Without the secret ballot we don't have a democracy, period.


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Chattanooga Garden
ltankrealtor in Chattanooga, TN
Hilltop 4 year old garden. Some of my favorites are Japanese Maples, Conifer (especially dwarf), epimediums, wildflowers and other perennials.
Back Yard Deck Fence Flower Close-ups Flower Garden Front Yard Garden Large (5,000 - 10,000 sq ft.) Lawn Stone / Rock
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