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Once thought to have outlived their usefulness, operational amplifiers are as popular today in control applications as they ever were.
While many predicted the demise of operational amplifiers (op-amps) because of the development of digital integrated circuits, these devices are as popular today as they ever were. In fact, most solid-state analog control systems have long relied on op-amps as essential building blocks. These devices perform useful tasks, including addition, multiplication, differentiation, integration, and feedback control.
Op-amps are still a primary building block for analog systems, performing tasks like amplification, active filtering, and signal transformation. In digital systems, op-amps are used in buffers, analog-to-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, and regulated power supplies, to name a few applications.
Op-amp characteristics
The name "operational amplifier" stems from the op-amp's ability to perform mathematical operations. Thus, it's somewhat of a misnomer, considering the wide variety of op-amp applications today.
Functionally, the op-amp is actually a differential voltage amplifier. As shown in Fig. 1, an op-amp takes two input voltages and produces an output voltage that's proportional to the difference between the two input voltages. The inputs are called the inverting and non-inverting inputs. An increase in voltage at the inverting input will cause a decrease in output voltage, while an increase in voltage at the non-inverting input will, as you might expect, cause an increase in output voltage.
A standard op-amp is powered by a dual-voltage [+ or -]15VDC power supply; however, many op-amps are now available with single voltage supplies.
Op-amps are usually found under linear integrated circuits in catalogs or data books.
The op-amp's popularity stems from its simple characteristics, which make predictable circuit design fairly easy. These characteristics are as follows.
Very high voltage gain. The difference in voltage between the inputs is multiplied by the voltage gain to determine the output. Op-amps are capable of voltage gains of more than 100,000. The output cannot exceed the positive power supply voltage or go below the negative supply voltage, so gain is limited by the magnitude of the incoming signal. For gains of more than 15,000, for example, the input signal (the difference between the inputs) must be below 1 millivolt to avoid saturation.
High input impedance. The input impedance of an op-amp is defined as the effective resistance between the input terminals, and this is usually above 1 megohm. Virtually no current flows between the two input terminals. This high input impedance makes the op-amp particularly well suited for the amplification of the sensitive low-level input signals typically associated with instrument field devices like strain gauges and thermocouples.
Low output impedance. The output impedance is defined as the effective internal resistance in series with the output, and it's usually less than 100 ohms. When external components are added, the op-amp's output resistance is effectively reduced and is sometimes considered to be near zero in practical circuits. There is still a limitation on the output current that an op-amp can provide, however, and in most circuits the output current is less than 50 mA.
High common-mode rejection. Because op-amps amplify the difference between the two inputs, any signal that is superimposed equally on the inputs will be ignored. This property is important for instrumentation design because any noise that's present on both conductors of a long field cable (60 Hz induced noise, for example) will be ignored by the op-amp, which will cleanly amplify the true signal.
Basic amplifier circuits
Many practical amplifiers can be constructed using op-amps. We'll discuss the two most common ones. As you'll see, these circuits act as basic building blocks from which more complicated circuits can be created.
Inverting amplifier. The inverting amplifier, the easiest circuit to understand, is shown in Fig. 2 (on page 26). To create one, the non-inverting input of an op-amp is grounded and an input resistor ([R.sub.1]) is placed in series with the inverting input. Another resistor ([R.sub.F]), called the feedback resistor, is connected between the outut and the inverting input. Some form of feedback (connection between the output and input terminals) is used in most practical op-amp circuits. The output voltage ([V.sub.o]) of the inverting amplifier, as a function of the input voltage, can be found by using the following equation:
[V.sub.o] = (- [R.sub.F] / [R.sub.1]) [V.sub.1]
The gain of the inverting amplifier, which is the ratio shown within the parenthesis, is the negative of the ratio of the feedback resistance to the input resistance.
Non-inverting amplifier. The non-inverting amplifier, as shown in Fig. 3, is an inverting amplifier flipped over with the inverting input grounded. The input signal is connected directly to the non-inverting input of the op-amp. The output voltage of the non-inverting amplifier can be found by using the following equation:
[V.sub.o] = ([R.sub.F] + [R.sub.1] / [R.sub.1]) [V.sub.1]
The gain of the non-inverting amplifier is the ratio shown in parentheses in the above equation and is dependent on the values of the input and feedback resistors.
Mathematical operations
Op-amps are capable of performing mathematical operations, a fact that was taken advantage of in early analog computers. Although computations are done primarily with digital hardware in today's world, there are still times when analog computation is useful in signal processing and control systems.
Weighted-sum adder. One common computational op-amp circuit is the weighted-sum adder, which is shown in Fig. 4. It's built by connecting several signals to the input of an inverting amplifier, with each signal passing through its own input resistor. The inverting input of the op-amp functions as a summing junction in this circuit, and the output voltage of the weighted-sum adder can be found by using the following equation:
[V.sub.o] = (- [R.sub.F] / [R.sub.1]) [V.sub.1] + (- [R.sub.F] / [R.sub.2]) [V.sub.2] + (- [R.sub.F] / [R.sub.3]) [V.sub.3]
Note that the output is the weighted sum of the input voltages, and that the weights are simply the negatives of the ratios between the feedback resistor and each of the input resistors. This circuit easily can be tailored to provide a weighted sum of several signals with whatever relative weights are desired. If a non-inverted output is desired, the weighted-sum adder can simply be followed with another inverting amplifier with unity gain.
Integrator. Another common computational op-amp circuit is the integrator. Integration is useful in control systems as well as in signal processing applications, where an op-amp provides a very simple method for integrating a signal in real time. The integrator is constructed by putting a capacitor instead of a resistor in the feedback loop, as shown in Fig. 5.
The charging effect of the capacitor in the feedback loop makes the output of the amplifier time-dependent and causes the integration effect.
Differentiator. A computational op-amp circuit that performs the opposite function to that of the integrator is the differentiator. This circuit takes the derivative of a signal in real time. To make a differentiator, the capacitor is moved from the feedback loop to the input as shown in Fig. 6. In this case, the charging effect of the capacitor makes the amplifier sensitive to the rate of change, or derivative, of the input signal with time.
Instrumentation applications
Many of the general-purpose op-amp circuits described above have been widely used in instrumentation and control systems. Analog controllers use inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, integrators, and differentiators to perform proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. The weighted-sum adder has been used extensively in DC drive control systems.
Let's talk about some additional op-amp circuits that are designed specifically for instrument applications, particularly for interfacing to the low-level signals typically generated by field sensors.
Voltage follower. The voltage follower, as shown in Fig. 7, is the simplest of op-amp circuits. It produces the identical voltage on the output as is present at the input. The feedback loop guarantees that the non-inverting input is equal to the output. If the output is too low, for example, the op-amp will amplify the difference between the input and output voltage tremendously, driving the output up. The op-amp will not stabilize until the output voltage exactly matches the input voltage.
The voltage follower is used as a buffer, and it has the advantage of providing a very high input impedance because no external resistors are connected to the non-inverting input. This makes the voltage follower especially useful for buffering sensitive low-level signals.
Differential amplifier. Up to this point, all of the op-amp circuits we've discussed are single-ended; i.e., the input signal is connected between a terminal and ground. However, many instrument signals are differential in nature, where the important information is contained in the difference in voltage between two points. These signals require the op-amp to be used in differential mode. This allows you to take advantage of the common-mode rejection capability that is so important for noise rejection in instrument circuits.
A differential amplifier circuit, as shown in Fig. 8, is usually balanced, so that each input presents the same impedance to the system. That's why the input and feedback resistors are shown with the same values for each input, and these values must be nearly identical for accurate operation.
As its name suggests, the differential amplifier amplifies the difference between the input voltages, and the output voltage can be found by using this equation:
[V.sub.o] = [R.sub.F] / [R.sub.1] ([V.sub.2] - [V.sub.1])
One drawback of the differential amplifier is the relatively low input impedance. Although op-amps themselves have very high input impedances, the external resistors required in the differential amplifier significantly reduce this impedance. This makes the differential amplifier unsuitable for signals from devices like strain gauges, which require very high input impedances.
Instrumentation amplifier. The instrumentation amplifier, as shown in Fig. 9, solves the previously discussed low input impedance problem. By incorporating two voltage followers [ILLUSTRATION FOR FIGURE 7 OMITTED] as input buffers, the instrumentation amplifier behaves exactly like the differential amplifier, on which it is based, but has very high input impedance.
As its name suggests, the instrumentation amplifier was designed specifically for interfacing to field sensors used in instrumentation.
Bridge amplifier. Another circuit designed for instrument applications is the bridge amplifier. Many sensitive measurement circuits utilize a balanced resistance bridge as a measurement device. The bridge is constructed of three identical resistors and another resistance that is nearly equal but varies with the sensor measurement. An op-amp can be inserted into the balanced bridge, as shown in Fig. 10, to form the bridge amplifier circuit. As with the balanced differential amplifier, the bridge amplifier requires resistors of nearly identical value to perform accurately.
The output of the bridge amplifier can be found by using the following equation:
[V.sub.o] = ([Delta]R / 2R) [V.sub.s]
Note that the output is directly proportional to the change in resistance ([Delta]R) in the variable-resistance leg of the bridge.
Voltage-to-current converter. Because op-amps are voltage amplifiers, most instruments operate internally on voltage signals. When the need comes to communicate to the outside world, however, current loop signals are more common (4-20 mA, for example). The voltage-to-current converter, as shown in Fig. 11, is designed to generate a current signal from a voltage input. Although the voltage input is single-ended, balanced input and feedback resis-tors are used for accuracy.
The output (load) current ([I.sub.L]) generated by the voltage-to-current converter can be found by using the following equation:
[I.sub.L] = (- 1 / [R.sub.1]) [V.sub.1]
Note that the load current is directly proportional to the input voltage.
We should mention at this point that the simplest possible circuits are presented here for clarity, and additional circuitry may be necessary for some applications. In particular, circuitry for biasing, balancing, and temperature compensation may be required to improve the accuracy of some op-amp circuits.
Ryan G. Rosandich, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor, Dept. of Industrial Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, Minn.


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This document provides the Quality Practitioner with a tested and proven set of guidelines for the conduct of Quarterly Quality Reviews.
In the implementation of any Business Performance Excellence system, the Quarterly Quality Review (QQR) plays a critical and central role in the "CHECK" component of the implementation process. This document presents an outline for the conduct of the review; as well as a comprehensive description of the documentation which should be provided for the associated review. The documentation detailed conforms to those elements contained in the Luftig & Warren model for Total Quality Management (Reference: An Orientation to Total Quality transparency guide).
|Steven M. Ouellette's new book, Business Performance Excellence, is now available!
Read the Press Release

subset: commoncrawl


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I feel like I should rename this blog 'The Cake and Soup Blog'. It seems as though all I have been working on lately is cake, and now that life is finally calming down, all I want to do is hibernate in my kitchen and cook up a big batch of soup. So this weekend, I had my first Sunday off in what seems like about a year, that is what I did.
I love ordering lentil soups from Mediterranean or Indian take out places, and for some reason I have only ever cooked with lentils once. This is just WRONG. So Sunday morning, with coffee and the latest issue of Food & Wine in hand, I hit up the bulk section at whole foods and set about to make a pureed red lentil soup (I also decided I needed two pounds of quinoa and wheat berries, my checking account shrivels up with fear whenever I even drive past whole foods).
Ingredients in hand, I made my way home and pretended it was actually cold outside. This soup is so comforting, smooth and creamy, with just a hint of heat, it almost made me believe it was winter. (Can you tell I am a little bitter about this sorry excuse for "winter" we are having here in Chicago??) Accompanied by some crunchy roasted chickpeas and some homemade chive flatbread, this meal will definitely be made again and again when I am in need of a little warmth.
Egyptian Red Lentil Soup
adapted from Food & Wine magazine
2 tablespoons unsalted butter
1 large onion, diced
3 celery ribs, diced
2 large carrots, diced
4 garlic cloves, minced
1 teaspoon ground cumin
1/2 teaspoon ground coriander
1/2 teaspoon chili powder
1/2 teaspoon hot curry powder
2 quarts chicken or vegetable stock
1 14.5 ounce can diced tomatoes
2 cups red lentils (if you can't find red lentils, you can use a different color, you just won't have this beautiful color and it might change the cooking times)
Salt and pepper to taste
In a large stockpot or dutch oven (as always I used my trusty 14-quart LeCrueset for this task since I made a double batch but an 8-10 quart pot will do) melt the butter over medium heat. Add the onions, celery, carrots, and garlic and saute until soft, about 10-15 minutes. Add the cumin, coriander, chili powder, and curry powder and stir to coat the veggies with the spices. Cook for a few minutes to toast the spices. Add the tomatoes and the stock and bring to a simmer. Season generously with salt and pepper and add the lentils. Simmer for about 30-40 minutes, until lentils and vegetables are very soft.
In a few batches, puree the soup in a food processor until completely smooth. Transfer back to pot and season with salt and pepper to taste. If you like it a bit more spicy, you can add a little cayenne pepper and more black pepper.
Serve with flatbread wedges and top with a bit of Greek yogurt mixed with lemon juice. I also garnished the soup with some roasted chickpeas and fresh chives. There are millions of recipes out there for roasted chickpeas, but basically just rinse and dry off some canned chickpeas (or my preferred name, garbanzo beans), toss them with a bit of olive oil and whatever seasonings you like, and roast them on a baking sheet in a really hot oven (400 F) until they are crispy. You don't need a recipe for that do you? No, you don't, I have faith in you. I just added all of the spices that I used in the soup along with some garlic powder and they were a perfect compliment to the creamy soup and tangy yogurt.
Chive Flatbreads
adapted from Food Network
2 packages instant yeast
1 teaspoon sugar
3 1/2 cups all purpose flour
2 teaspoons coarse salt
3 tablespoons finely chopped chives
1 1/2 cup lukewarm water (aim for 90-100 degrees or just around body temperature, it will activate the yeast, don't go too hot or you can risk killing the yeast)
1 teaspoon oil or non-stick cooking spray
In a food processor, combine yeast, sugar, flour, and salt, pulse to combine. Slowly stream in the water while processor is on and mix just until a ball starts to form. Turn dough out onto a clean surface, and knead with the heels of your hands until the dough forms a nice elastic ball. This will probably take at least 10 minutes, so be patient. When the dough is ready you should be able to gather it into a tight ball and when you press your finger in, the imprint should spring back. If the imprint does not spring back at all, keep kneading. When the dough is just about ready, knead in the chives until thoroughly mixed in.
When the dough is fully kneaded, spray a glass or metal bowl with non stick cooking spray or coat lightly with oil. Place the dough in the bowl and turn over a few times to coat. Cover the bowl with a slightly damp towel and place in a warm area for about an hour to rise. It should double in size. You can tell if the dough has sufficiently rested when you poke your finger into it and the imprint stays and does not spring back at all.
Turn the dough out onto a clean surface and punch it down to get all the excess air out of it. Cut the dough into about two ounce pieces and gather each piece into a ball. Place each ball under a damp towel while you are working on the rest, this will prevent them from drying out and forming a skin, plus it will give the gluten time to relax and make it easier to roll them out. When all the dough has been portioned and shaped, let rest under the towel for 10-20 minutes. After they have rested, heat a dry grill pan over medium-high heat. Take one or two of the piece (depending on how big your grill pan is) and roll each out to about 1/8 inch thickness (pretty thin). I had two ounce pieces and I rolled them out to be about six inches long by four inches wide. Place each flatbread on the grill pan and grill until it starts to puff up, then flip to cook the other side. It takes about 3-4 minutes total per flatbread if you have your pan hot enough.
Store in an airtight container for just a day or two. If you don't plan on eating them all within a day or so, put the remainder in the freezer as there is no fat in these breads and they get hard a chewy very quickly. I got about 15 flatbreads out of this recipe.


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Eczema, or dermatitis (skin inflammation), is a non-contagious skin condition that affects many adults and children. The inflammatory skin condition can appear on any part of the body but is typically found on the face, hands, legs, and in skin folds. Eczema usually presents itself as dry, red patches of skin that can also be itchy or painful. Left untreated this persistent condition can worsen over time leading to cracked or blistered skin.
Eczema is usually brought on by exposure to certain irritants; dry air, chemical ingredients, heat, stress, food allergy, or infection. Other than the change of season, getting to the root of a skin irritation or allergy can be difficult. If you have highly sensitive or allergic skin it is best to avoid chemical skincare and household cleansers, and products that are heavily scented.
Taking a close look at your diet can be very beneficial in discovering the underlying cause of eczema. Have you experienced dairy or wheat intolerance earlier in life, even as a child? Some become sensitive to nuts, or maybe it is the vast array of processed foods lining our grocery shelves. Keep a journal and record when your condition seems to be at its worst. This may seem like finding a needle in a haystack at first, but can help you to locate the culprit and avoid it in the future.
When we think eczema, we think skin, and rightly so as this is where it appears. But don't overlook hair care as eczema triggers. Chemical ingredients in shampoos, conditioners and styling products can exacerbate the problem.
Most over-the-counter and doctor prescribed eczema medications contain petrochemicals which congest the skin and can actually trigger flare-ups. These creams and ointments may seem to help at first, but eczema will almost certainly return after a few days use.
When treating allergic skin it is important to use very mild and moisturizing skincare products. Lavera's esthetician has designed a Daily Essentials Kit for Eczema & Dermatitis containing products from our Neutral line. Lavera Neutral products are fragrance-free and created especially for those with highly reactive skin.
Daily Essentials Kit for Eczema & Dermatitis
- Neutral Cleansing Gel – Use morning and night before applying moisturizer. Be sure to use warm water when cleansing, as hot water can aggravate skin.
- Neutral Face Fluid – Apply to clean skin morning and night. Rich essential fatty acids are very beneficial in healing eczema, calming the skin and improving elasticity.
- Neutral Face Cream – Apply to dry or irritated areas to soothe and control eczema. May also be used on dry areas on the body.
Following these tips and using the Daily Essentials Kit for Eczema & Dermatitis will produce smooth, hydrated, and healthy skin.


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Ice/Inline Warehouse is a global e-commerce business and online retailer for all your Ice and Inline Hockey needs. We employ a diverse staff and are currently looking for an Assistant Web Editor with ice or inline hockey experience and knowledge.
Ice/Inline Warehouse publishes in-depth reviews on the latest hockey equipment and provides detailed product descriptions for all of the products sold on our website. Our website features include "how to" and educational material. An Assistant Web Editor will have solid writing/editing skills and a background or interest in hockey. We require applicants to have current or extensive playing knowledge and experience to help improve review and content accuracy. Knowledge not limited to Ice or Inline experience.
The Assistant Web Editor will be responsible for assisting in product descriptions; taking an active role in product reviews; assisting with writing and editing web content; assisting in video product reviews; editing customer feedback; and disseminating information on new products to relevant IW team members. The secondary role is assisting the customer service staff and team sales in answering calls, emails or retail sales if required.
Ice/Inline Warehouse is located in San Luis Obispo, CA. While Ice/Inline Warehouse is an online business, the Assistant Web Editor will be required to reside in the area of beautiful San Luis Obispo and fully enjoy its gorgeous California sunshine. Day-to-day hands-on experience with the products to be written about makes telecommuting NOT an option.
Ice/Inline Warehouse offers a full medical, dental and vision insurance plan as well as profit sharing and employee 401K programs.
How to apply:
– Resumes submissions are required for all candidates. Interested candidates should submit their resume to: email@example.com – ATTN: Hockey Web Editor
– Show Availability
– Tell About Yourself & Any Hockey Knowledge
– Must be physically capable (able to lift 50lbs, climb ladders, etc.)
– Applications must be submitted by September 30th.
• Location: SLO
• Compensation: Based on experience
• Principals only. Recruiters, please don't contact this job poster.
• Please, no phone calls about this job!
• Please do not contact job poster about other services, products or commercial interests.


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Log in
Kalamazoo, MI –
At a special meeting on January 12, 2009, the Kalamazoo Public Library board of trustees appointed Ian Kennedy to fill a trustee position that became vacant with the death of board member Loren Dykstra last fall. His term will end in June 2009.
An associate with the law firm Cooper, Martin & Chojnowski, P.C., of Kalamazoo, Mr. Kennedy also serves on the Friends of Recreation Board, a Kalamazoo City Commission appointed advisory board. Mr. Kennedy lives in the Milwood neighborhood with his wife, Sarah, a law school classmate, and their young sons Charlie and Jimmy.
A committee comprised of board members Lisa Godfrey, trustee, Jim VanderRoest, treasurer, and Valerie Wright, board president, reviewed applications solicited from the public, interviewed applicants, then presented a recommendation to the board. Those trustees present at the meeting voted unanimously to appoint Mr. Kennedy.
To learn more about the board of trustees, to read minutes of past meetings, or to see a schedule of upcoming meetings here.
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By smile jackson, 02/16/2009


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Memory System 2-Way Glue Pens
by Zig
This versatile glue can be used to create both permanent and temporary bonds.
Zig Memory System 2-Way Glue is blue when wet and can be used to permanently bind paper surfaces. When applied to a surface and allowed to dry, the glue will turn clear and can be attached to another surface for a repositionable hold.
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Bruce Springsteen, (born September 23, 1949, Freehold, New Jersey, U.S.), American singer, songwriter, and bandleader who became the archetypal rock performer of the 1970s and '80s.
Early life and singer-songwriter period
Springsteen grew up in Freehold, a mill town where his father worked as a labourer. His rebellious and artistic side led him to the nearby Jersey Shore, where his imagination was sparked by the rock band scene and the boardwalk life, high and low. After an apprenticeship in bar bands on the mid-Atlantic coast, Springsteen turned himself into a solo singer-songwriter in 1972 and auditioned for talent scout John Hammond, Sr., who immediately signed him to Columbia Records. His first two albums, Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. and The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle, released in 1973, reflect folk rock, soul, and rhythm-and-blues influences, especially those of Van Morrison, Bob Dylan, and Stax/Volt Records. Springsteen's voice, a rough baritone that he used to shout on up-tempo numbers and to more sensual effect on slower songs, was shown to good effect there, but his sometimes spectacular guitar playing, which ranged from dense power chord effects to straight 1950s rock and roll, had to be downplayed to fit the singer-songwriter format.
From Born to Run to Born in the U.S.A.
With his third album, Born to Run (1975), Springsteen transformed into a full-fledged rock and roller, heavily indebted to Phil Spector and Roy Orbison. The album, a diurnal song cycle, was a sensation even before it hit the shelves; indeed, the week of the album's release, Columbia's public relations campaign landed Springsteen on the covers of both Time and Newsweek. But it sold only middling well, and three years passed before the follow-up—the darker, tougher Darkness on the Edge of Town (1978)—appeared.
With "Hungry Heart," from The River (1980), Springsteen finally scored an international hit single. By then, however, he was best known for his stage shows, three- and four-hour extravaganzas with his E Street Band that blended rock, folk, and soul with dramatic intensity and exuberant humour. The band—a crew of mixed stereotypes, from rock-and-roll bandit to cool music professional—was more like a gang than a musical unit, apparently held together by little other than faith in its leader. Springsteen and saxophonist Clarence Clemons, a huge black man, seemed sometimes to be playing out scenes from Huckleberry Finn, using the stage as their raft.
Springsteen's refusal, after Born to Run, to cooperate with much of the record company's public relations and marketing machinery, coupled with his painstaking recording process and the draining live shows, helped earn his reputation as a performer of principle as well as of power and popularity. Yet to that point Springsteen was probably more important as a regional hero of the Eastern Seaboard from Boston to Virginia, where his songs and attitudes metaphorically summed up a certain rock-based lifestyle, than as a figure of national or international importance.
Nebraska (1982), a stark set of acoustic songs, most in some way concerned with death, was an unusual interlude. It was Born in the U.S.A. (1984) and his subsequent 18-month world tour that cinched Springsteen's reputation as the preeminent writer-performer of his rock-and-roll period. The album produced seven hit singles, most notably the title track, a sympathetic portrayal of Vietnam War veterans widely misinterpreted as a patriotic anthem.
On his own
Springsteen's social perspective was distinctly working-class throughout his career, a point emphasized both by his 1995 album, The Ghost of Tom Joad, which concerned itself with America's economically and spiritually destitute, and by his 1994 hit single (his first in eight years), the AIDS-related "Streets of Philadelphia," from the film Philadelphia, for which he won both an Academy Award and a Grammy Award.
The other side of Springsteen's work is reflected in the albums that he produced in the period beginning with Tunnel of Love (1987) and including Human Touch and Lucky Town (released simultaneously in 1992). The songs on those albums are intensely personal reflections on intimate relationships. In general, they have not been as popular.
Bridging all that is the five-record set Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band Live 1975–1985 (1986), which captures as much of his highly visual stage show of that period as can be rendered in a solely audio form. (His work in music video has been judged to be far less good, showing his tendency to be somewhat stilted on TV despite his being a naturally gifted stage performer.)
The breakup of the E Street Band in 1989 and general trends in pop music fashion curbed Springsteen's popularity. In 1998 he put together a box set, Tracks, consisting for the most part of leftover material that had failed to make the cut on his albums with the band. That grandiose gesture established him as prolix beyond all but a couple of peers. Sales of Tracks were trivial compared with those for Live.
Back with the E Street Band and into the 21st century
In 1999 Springsteen reunited the E Street Band. They appeared with him when he alone was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in early 1999, and they then spent a year touring with him, resulting in a live album (Live in New York City [2001]) but only a handful of new songs.
On September 21, 2001, Springsteen performed the national debut of his song "My City of Ruins" on a television special. It was written about Asbury Park but took on a different tone in the wake of the September 11 attacks. That tone continued on The Rising, his 2002 album with the E Street Band and new producer Brendan O'Brien, which weighed the consequences of the attacks and their aftermath. Beginning on the Rising tour, Springsteen became an adamant critic of the U.S. government, especially regarding the Iraq War. Those developments culminated in his participation in the 2004 Vote for Change tour in support of Democratic presidential candidate John Kerry. Springsteen toured with the band, but he went solo on the plane with Kerry for the final week of the campaign. Springsteen's 2005 solo tour, following the release of the Devils and Dust album and coinciding with a 30th anniversary celebration of Born to Run, explored the full depth of his song catalog—it was Tracks with a one-man band—and continued his opposition to the Bush administration's policies.
We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions (2006) took a turn unanticipated by even the closest Springsteen observers. He made the recording over a period of 10 years with a folk-roots band and a horn section. It featured traditional American folk songs ("Oh, Mary, Don't You Weep," "Froggie Went A-Courtin'," and "John Henry") as well as songs associated with its inspiration, Pete Seeger ("My Oklahoma Home," "How Can I Keep from Singing," and "Bring 'Em Home"). Springsteen's tour of the United States and Europe in 2006 featured a 20-piece band.
Magic (2007), another E Street Band album produced by O'Brien, spoke sometimes metaphorically and sometimes explicitly in opposition to the war and government intrusions on civil liberties. Springsteen continued his commentary through a worldwide tour with the E Street Band in 2007 and 2008. He ranks with that small number of artists whose work grew rather than remained static or regressed with the approach of the end of middle age. That continued to be true even after the April 2008 death of the E Street Band organist and accordionist Danny Federici from melanoma. The band's playing acquired a darker urgency of tone. The later stages of the Magic tour featured arguably the most assertive, inspired playing Springsteen and the group had ever done. Their guiding principle, that the way to play was as if every night might be the last, was no longer an abstraction.
Springsteen seemed freed by that recognition. Working on a Dream, released in early 2009, concerned itself lyrically with thoughts of love and life, how fleeting both are and what it takes to stay the course. The music on the album was a much more-sophisticated version of what Springsteen had done on his first two albums, with a greater emphasis on harmony, especially vocal harmonies characteristic of the later work of the Beach Boys. Springsteen's use of a broader musical palette than he had allowed himself since becoming a star resulted in passages reminiscent of sound track composer Ennio Morricone as well as of the elaborate pop of the Beach Boys' Brian Wilson and songwriter-arranger Jimmy Webb. In the lyrics, Springsteen's knack for particular detail served him well. Strangely, on such a relatively elaborate production, his ties to the E Street Band seemed stronger than ever.
On February 1, 2009, Springsteen and the band were the featured entertainment at halftime of Super Bowl XLIII. With an average viewership of 98.7 million, the game was the most-watched televised sports event in American history. Many fans and much of the press criticized Springsteen for commercializing himself that way, but in the aftermath it was generally agreed that he had managed to condense the structure, message, humour, and athleticism of his live show into the 12 minutes allotted. On the largest popular culture platform available, Springsteen established that some rock artists remain determined to sustain their vitality and creative ambitions all the way to the end. Later in 2009 he was honoured by the Kennedy Center, whose chairman, Stephen A. Schwarzman, observed that "Springsteen has always had his finger on the pulse of America."
Without "The Big Man"
In June 2011 Springsteen lost his most important collaborator: Clemons died after suffering a stroke at age 69. It unmistakably dealt a heavy blow to Springsteen, who referred to "The Big Man" as "my sax man, my inspiration, my partner, my lifelong friend." Some speculated that the absence of Clemons meant the end of the E Street Band or even of Springsteen's musical career. Springsteen's eulogy for Clemons, delivered at the funeral and then widely published about a week later, rejected that idea explicitly: "Clarence doesn't leave the E Street Band when he dies. He leaves when we die."
In the eulogy Springsteen also stated, more clearly than he ever had, what he had been trying to accomplish since the beginning of the E Street Band:
In some funny way we became each other's protectors; I think perhaps I protected "C" from a world where it still wasn't so easy to be big and black.… I think perhaps "C" protected me from a world where it wasn't always so easy to be an insecure, weird and skinny white boy either. But, standing together we were badass.…We were united, we were strong, we were righteous, we were unmovable, we were funny, we were corny as hell and as serious as death itself. And we were coming to your town to shake you and to wake you up. Together, we told an older, richer story about the possibilities of friendship that transcended those I'd written in my songs and in my music. Clarence carried it in his heart. It was a story where the Scooter and the Big Man not only busted the city in half, but we kicked ass and remade the city, shaping it into the kind of place where our friendship would not be such an anomaly.
Wrecking Ball, Springsteen's 17th studio album, released in March 2012, represented a sharp turn in his social vision and attitude toward the political moment. The album and the tour that followed its release attempted to reshape the E Street project. On the album, the majestic saxophone that bespoke Clemons appeared on only one track, but there were abundant other horns, including a mariachi set, as well as strings, Celtic pipes, fiddles, synthesizers and samples, a gospel choir, and even a brief rap interlude. Old songs—including "Land of Hope and Dreams" from 1999—clashed against tunes that felt newer than anything Springsteen had created since "Streets of Philadelphia." It was the biggest soundscape Springsteen had ever created, and it took on the biggest topics in the most direct language he had ever used.
Although various ideological messages were read into them, Springsteen's previous social statements really were not nearly so much political as moral. He did his best not to take sides, which is one reason his work with Democratic presidential candidates Kerry in 2004 and Barack Obama in 2008 surprised (and alienated) so many of his politically conservative fans. Springsteen generally eschewed naming names even in onstage commentary, and his lyrics concerned an ethos—the horrors of war, poverty, racism, and loss of self-respect—that had little to do with electoral politics.
On Wrecking Ball he went further. The most extreme song, "Death to My Hometown," pictured bankers as "the vultures [who] picked our bones" and recoiled in disgust that those same men "walk the streets as free men now." The album progressed to a vision summarized by "Rocky Ground," resilient gospel with a hip-hop interlude, and "Land of Hope and Dreams," a full-throated expansion of a secular vision bounded by the folk-gospel railroad imagery of "This Train Is Bound for Glory"—evoking both Guthrie and Sister Rosetta Tharpe—and of Curtis Mayfield's "People Get Ready." The album does not end with such a simple invocation of reconciliation, however. Instead, it finishes with "We Are Alive," a call for action, evoked by a dream about the souls of a victimized 19th-century striker, a child martyr of the civil rights movement, and a contemporary Central American peasant expired in a southwestern U.S. desert. That is not just a matter of declaring that his train excludes no one, not even lost souls, whores, and gamblers. Its declaration that "it's only our bodies that betray us in the end" offers a way of reading the song as a tribute to Federici and Clemons. But the ghouls Springsteen conjures also declare:
Our souls and spirits rise to carry the fire and light the spark
To fight shoulder to shoulder and heart to heart.
It is hard to hear those lines as anything but advocacy, especially in the wake of the album's hostility to "fat cats" and the proximity of its release to the Occupy movement.Dave Marsh
Released in January 2014, Springsteen's 18th studio album, High Hopes, was partly a retrospective of material that had been targeted for but unreleased on albums from the previous decade or so and partly a collection of cover versions. It also included reenergized interpretations of a pair of powerful familiar Springsteen compositions, "The Ghost of Tom Joad" and "American Skin (41 Shots)." The latter song—a complex exploration of the death in 1999 of Amadou Diallo, an unarmed Guinean immigrant who was shot repeatedly by New York City police officers who thought he was going for a gun when he reached for his wallet—took on new relevance in the wake of the shooting death in 2012 of Trayvon Martin, an unarmed African American teenager, by neighbourhood watch volunteer George Zimmerman in Florida. Much in evidence throughout the album are the sensibility and distinctive guitar playing of collaborator Tom Morello, formerly the driving force behind the alternative rap-rock group Rage Against the Machine, who subbed for guitarist Steve Van Zandt during Springsteen and the E Street Band's tour of Australia in 2013. Contributions recorded by Federici and Clemons before their deaths can be heard on cuts that originally were intended to appear on earlier albums such as The Rising. They and eight others—Van Zandt, drummer Max Weinberg, pianist Roy Bittan, bassist Garry Tallent, guitarist Nils Lofgren, vocalist Patti Scialfa (Springsteen's wife), and two former E Street Band band members, pianist David Sancious and drummer Vini Lopez—were selected in 2013 for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as members of the E Street Band.
In 2016 Springsteen released the critically acclaimed memoir Born to Run. That year he also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 2017 Springsteen on Broadway premiered and was an immediate hit with critics and theatregoers. In the one-man show—with musical accompaniment by his wife on several tunes—Springsteen performed various songs and told stories, many of which were from his memoir. For the production, Springsteen earned a special Tony Award in June 2018. Shortly after the show's run ended in December, a filmed performance debuted on Netflix. That month an album based on the production was released.The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
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I'm hyperbolic about … basically everything.
The title of "best pay-per-view of all time" is a hard one to bestow. A lot of people will say Wrestlemania 3, or Wrestlemania 10, or Wrestlemania X-7. As an NWA kid, I might say Starrcade '85, or The Great American Bash '89. Maybe Wrestlewar '92. That's lofty company, and I don't want to sound hyperbolic when I say that last night's Money in the Bank show seems like it's as good as any of them. How do I come to terms with that? How do you admit that this new thing is just as good as the old stuff you've been building a love on your entire life?
I am a nerd about wrestling on the Internet, and to me, it was wonder.


text:
Citizens for Self Governance
Mark has a BA in English from San Diego State University and graduated with honors from University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law in 1988. He started his career and practiced real estate and business law for almost a decade. For the last eleven years of his legal career he specialized in Internet advertising law.
He's owned a variety of businesses from manufacturing to food service, and has served legal clients across many industries. Prior to helping launch the tea party movement, Mark was not politically active. He's registered as an "independent" voter and has been for the last ten years. Mark is the Co-Founder and former National Coordinator for the Tea Party Patriots. He left the organization in February 2009 and founded Citizens for Self -Governance to work more broadly on expanding the self-governance movement beyond the partisan divide.
Mark appears regularly on television in outlets as diverse as MSNBC, ABC, NBC, Fox News, CNN, Bloomberg, Fox Business and the BBC. He's highly sought after for the tea party perspective from print and electronic media outlets, from the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, L.A. Times, Washington Examiner, Politico and The Hill.
Mark writes a weekly column for Rasmussen Reports and blogs at SelfGovern.com. When not fighting for the future of our nation, Mark is an avid horseman, and lives in rural northern California with his wife Patty and two children.
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Home > News & Events > Wayland Press Release Archives > 2004 News Releases > September 2004 > Wayland presents honors recital
Wayland presents honors recital
PLAINVIEW - The Department of Music at Wayland Baptist University will present and honors recital featuring the winners of last spring's Music Achievement Awards. The recital will take place at 7:30 p.m. on Monday in Harral Memorial Auditorium. Admission is free and the event is open to the public.
The Department of Music held its annual Music Achievement Awards competition on March 25 in which students compete for awards recognizing them as outstanding scholar musicians. The awards are the highest honors granted annually by the department.
This year's recital will feature Megan Roberts, a third-year percussionist from Clarendon; Curtis Broome, a fourth-year percussionist from Lyons, Colo.; and Candice Lassiter, a fifth-year clarinetist from Clovis. The recital will include the runners-up from the Achievement Awards competition. They are: Abby Holmes, a second-year vocalist from Hobbs, N.M.; Mark Franklin, a third-year euphonium player fro Plainview; Amy Grisham, a fourth-year vocalist from Plainview; and James Moss, a fifth-year trombonist from Tahoka.


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|Saint Bastard's Day
|LieQuest 2013
|Saint Florentius' Most Remarkable Bear
|Help wanted. No previous experience necessary. Martyrdom not required but highly suggested.
|Order of Saint Jasper, Cannibal
|drinking contest
|Tall Tales
|...said the liar
|Saint Sergius and Saint Bacchus
|Patron Saint of Lost Causes
|Long S
|A Game of Thrones


text:
28 March 2012
my new aquarium!
12 comments:
- Ada Beth Croft said...
This is so cool! Totally worth it!
- 1:22 PM, March 28, 2012
- 2:16 PM, March 28, 2012
- ALPHABETICAL said...
Aron! Yes, I was with Damon over the weekend in Hong Kong. I'm still based in Singapore, but took a quick 4-day trip to Hong Kong to meet up with family and friends. I was so excited to learn that Damon was going to be there at the same time and we were even staying at the same hotel! I brought him to a friend's birthday party and we had a lot of fun that night. Miss you too and hope to see you on our side of the world real soon!
- 5:21 PM, March 28, 2012
- Yoli said...
I absolutely love it!! Perfect for a Pisces like you. I think this would go so well in my daughter's room. I will have to look for it online.
- 6:31 PM, March 28, 2012
- Sun said...
Hi Aron! Yes, i has been a while, how are you doing :-D You're so good at these kind of things. Open a plant shop soon!
- 6:46 PM, March 28, 2012
- thwany said...
What a lovely home for them.
- 9:37 PM, March 28, 2012
- Louise said...
Ohhh it does look cool. I think fish-tanks always have that look of a certain modern and 'cool' style. And I really like the tank's model.
- 12:25 PM, March 29, 2012
- ❖❖мoɴιcα-αι❖❖ said...
D'AWWWW so cute!! omg you're so oshare stop it!
- 7:00 PM, March 29, 2012
- lina said...
i love this aron! so clean & fresh & the goldfishes are cutie pies :) do they have names?
- 3:23 PM, March 31, 2012
- Sewon said...
Ahh, I love the new fish tank, Aron! And that bonsai tree looks lovely in there.
- 4:45 PM, April 03, 2012
- kitchu said...
i love this!
- 6:16 AM, April 16, 2012
- 75 gallon aquarium said...
This is so cool! I love the new fish tank!
- 5:37 AM, April 25, 2012


text:
It was all so simple. One javelin throw, a strong 800m time and a Junior Olympic National Championship was hers. But nothing in Olivia Vincent's life is simple.
Vincent looked to notch the top mark in the javelin in the 17-18 women's heptathlon on her final attempt. She took a deep breath and readied herself for the throw. When she planted to launch the winning throw, her left knee buckled. The same knee that almost ended her career.
Vincent is a gifted athlete. Her talents stretch beyond the oval to the basketball court. Starting as a sophomore for the high school basketball team that won a state title the year before, she lived the dream. Or so she thought.
Holy Names Academy enjoyed a 30-point lead in the fourth quarter against East Catholic. Vincent applied the press to the opposing point guard. An opportunity for a steal arose and she looked to capitalize. The next few moments are blurry, but Vincent lay on the floor in tremendous pain.
In the midst of belting out a scream, she caught herself. She did not want to draw attention to herself. Officials sent both teams off the court. The pain would probably subside like all the others she experienced over the years growing up. And it did.
Still, she felt unmistakable pain. Her eyes watered, but she would not let a single tear fall. Her left knee was hot, but from the inside. As she gazed up through the opposing basket, she thought, "why?".
Vincent's MRI a week later revealed unthinkable news, an ACL tear. She was done for the basketball season, and track season as well.
When she arrived back at school, she informed head basketball coach Lee Adam of the news. She requested her coach and teammates keep the news to themselves, but walking with a straight leg cast people always inquired.
The rehab process was arduous.Three times a day she lay flat on her back and placed her leg in a machine for two hours the first week after surgery to maintain flexibility and range of motion. Each session the bend increased five degrees, Doctor Lawrence Holland set a goal of 90 degrees on her first visit after surgery. Next, she went through physical therapy. The weekly visits consisted of electric stem treatment and stabilization drills.
"My quad shrunk three sizes. It was so tiny," Vincent said. "I had one regular-size leg and one that resembled a peg leg. It couldn't believe it.
"Can I come back from this?" Vincent thought. "Can I perform at the level I did as a freshman when I had a personal best?"
After a long nine months of rehab and therapy, doctors only cleared her return to practice. Vincent wanted to compete again. After she learned of her injury, she asked Dr. Holland for a timetable to return to competition. Only cleared to practice, her wait continued.
Vincent's rehabilitation called for a gradual return to activity.
"I was able to run two laps for a couple weeks. It was limpy, but I was just excited to be out there," Vincent said. "A month later, I did four laps. Then, I started back working with Coach Jack [Craig] because I was running with a limp, but he fixed that."
Stepping back on the track proved two things to Vincent. She still loved track more than ever, but she was far from her expectations.
"I felt like I was an one-and-done athlete," Vincent said. "I felt like I wasn't good enough anymore. I had to work extra, extra, extra hard just to be average and hang in competitions. I worked my hardest in practice, but it wasn't good enough. It just wasn't good enough."
The knee injury forced Vincent to make tough decisions and choose between basketball and track.
"I didn't actually know until the day of basketball tryouts," Vincent said. "I went to track practice and I was going to attend basketball tryouts after track and I said, 'No, I'm going to focus on track.'"
So on her final attempt at the javelin at the Junior Olympics, Vincent exhibited no favoritism towards her surgically repaired knee as she prepared to throw. Her knee bent as she planted to hurl the javelin. Her courageous spirit did not allow momentary pain to prevent her final attempt.
Vincent wanted to win the javelin event. She hoped her final throw would seal the victory, but it fell short. Despite not winning the event outright, she maintained a 29-point lead headed into the final event. However, her knee injury placed serious doubt on whether should could perform in the final event of the day. Vincent immediately sought the advice of her coach.
"She tweaked her left knee on the last throw," Coach Craig said. "I didn't know if she would be able to run the 800m. I want her to win, but her health is my number one concern."
Vincent and Craig separated by a steel fence talked for 15 minutes. Vincent performed slow knee bends and stretching exercises with her fingers clenching the openings in the fence for the entire conversation. The decision for Vincent to compete for her first Junior Olympic title rested with her.
She choose to compete. Her knee was not close to 100 percent, but it did not matter. Vincent wanted to finish what she started. The third and final heat of the heptathlon 800m would decide the overall heptathlon winner.
She shared lane four with her challenger Stefani Kerrison. In the stands, Trey Vincent, her grandfather, connected with her mother, Erica, back in Seattle, Wash.
"Her mother and I stayed on the phone the entire race," Trey Vincent said. "I could barely get a word in because her mother bawled just thinking about her daughter finishing first."
Vincent led wire-to-wire to secure her first Junior Olympic National title.
"People came up to me and said, 'Nice job, Champ' and I didn't know how to respond," Vincent said. "I've been working towards this goal my whole life. I've come close so many times and it feels great to finally break through."
Vincent is a junior at Holy Names and is fully committed to the heptathlon. Vincent wants to compete collegiately as a heptathlete, but hasn't decided on a school yet. Beyond college, she already has her sights set on the 2016 Olympics.
"I want to be in Rio de Janeiro so bad," Vincent said. "I feel like if I pick the right college, work with the right coaches and there is the right fit, I can improve a lot. Once I get to college, anything is possible."
Joey Lamar
Communications Intern
USA Track & Field


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This Is the Manicure You Should Get, Based on Your Astrological Sign
Shocking Stories: Beauty Treatments Gone Way Wrong
Nine of the worst customer service encounters you won't believe until you read
Older comments
YIKES! I'm grateful that I never encountered such cruelty. I would have pressed charges in some of those terrible cases.
by GigiSD Saturday, April 13, 2013 at 11:49AM Report as inappropriate
Do these people not know that if they continue being rude to customers that they will soon go out of business? Women talk. Free conditioner for a chemical burn? That's not going to cut it.
by Helmi Saturday, April 13, 2013 at 10:40AM Report as inappropriate
Just terrible, ouch!
by EricaC123 Monday, January 21, 2013 at 04:01AM Report as inappropriate
how terrible! that's why i do everything I can myself... or otherwise ask around for recommended specialists! poor ladies!
by venenumletalis Sunday, January 20, 2013 at 07:11PM Report as inappropriate
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People never fail to surprise me.
by beautybody Wednesday, April 4, 2012 at 11:21PM Report as inappropriate
Wow. I felt goosebumps while reading the stories. Poor women.
by Sari Saturday, March 17, 2012 at 08:22AM Report as inappropriate
WOW! What ever happened to "The Customer is Always Right"? I feel terrible for all of these people.
by powerwoman033 Saturday, March 10, 2012 at 08:57PM Report as inappropriate
I can't believe people would be that awful
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wow crazy stories
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