text:
This story requires no additional commentary. From the U.S. Marshall's press office:
U.S. Marshalls Service Cancels Current Auction of Jesse Jackson, Jr. Assets
Washington – The U.S. Marshals Service today cancelled the auction of forfeited assets from the Jesse Jackson, Jr., case before the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. After receiving legitimate concerns about the authenticity of the guitar purportedly signed by Michael Jackson and Eddie Van Halen and out of an abundance of caution, the Marshals Service will conduct a secondary review of all the assets. Once the review is complete, a decision will be made whether to repost any assets for sale by auction.
"The Marshals Service takes its responsibility to fulfill the asset forfeiture mission very seriously," said Kim Beal, acting assistant director for the Asset Forfeiture Division of the U.S. Marshals Service. "Because new information has come to light, we are taking additional steps to review all the items. It is our practice to be diligent about all matters relating to the management and sale of assets."
Jackson pleaded guilty in February to conspiring to commit mail and wire fraud and to making false statements. He admitted that he defrauded his re-election campaigns of about $750,000 in funds that were used to pay for personal items and expenses. Net proceeds from the sale of the auctioned assets were to be used to help satisfy the $750,000 money judgment imposed by the court as part of Jackson's sentence.


text: Wordless Wednesday — Enjoy this document, that I found at the Smithsonian. I do not think it dates back to the 1776 era, but it looks like late 19th century or early 20th century ephemera. It is beautiful. One question, though, "Why does John Hancock get billing on par with Washington and Jefferson?" The 13 original colonies are also pictured … just a beautiful replica of the U.S. Declaration of Independence !

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Togo, country of western Africa. Lomé, the capital, is situated in the southwest of the country and is the largest city and port.
Until 1884 what is now Togo was an intermediate zone between the states of Asante and Dahomey, and its various ethnic groups lived in general isolation from each other. In 1884 it became part of the Togoland German protectorate, which was occupied by British and French forces in 1914. In 1922 the League of Nations assigned eastern Togoland to France and the western portion to Britain. In 1946 the British and French governments placed the territories under United Nations trusteeship (see Trusteeship Council). Ten years later British Togoland was incorporated into the Gold Coast, and French Togoland became an autonomous republic within the French Union. Togo gained independence in 1960. The economy rests largely on agriculture, although the country's extensive phosphate reserves are also significant.
From its 32-mile (51-km) coastline on the Gulf of Guinea, Togo extends northward for about 320 miles (515 km) between Ghana to the west and Benin to the east to its boundary with Burkina Faso in the north.
Relief, drainage, and soils
Togo consists of six geographic regions. The low-lying, sandy beaches of the narrow coastal region are backed by tidal flats and shallow lagoons, the largest of which is Lake Togo. Beyond the coast lies the Ouatchi Plateau, which stretches about 20 miles (32 km) inland at an elevation of some 200 to 300 feet (60 to 90 metres). This is the region of the so-called terre de barre, a lateritic (reddish, leached, iron-bearing) soil.
Northeast of the plateau is a tableland, the highest elevations reaching 1,300 to 1,500 feet (400 to 460 metres). This region is drained by the Mono River and its tributaries, including the Ogou, and other smaller rivers. West and southwest of the tableland the terrain gradually rises toward the Togo Mountains, also known as the Togo-Atakora Mountains, which run across central Togo from the south-southwest to the north-northeast. Part of a chain that begins in the Akwapim Hills of Ghana (see Akwapim-Togo ranges), the range ends in Benin, where it is known as the Atakora Mountains. Mount Agou (Baumann Peak), which rises to about 3,235 feet (986 metres), is the highest mountain in Togo. Beyond the Togo Mountains to the north lies the Oti River sandstone plateau. This is a savanna region drained by the Oti River, one of the main tributaries of the Volta. To the far northwest is a higher region of granite and gneiss; the cliffs of Dapaong (Dapango) are located in this region.
Togo has a tropical climate. In the south the rainy seasons occur from mid-April through June and from mid-September through October. The narrow coastal zone, which receives about 35 inches (890 mm) of precipitation annually, is the driest region. The area near Palimé, about 65 miles (100 km) inland, receives the highest amount of precipitation—about 70 inches (1,800 mm) annually. The north has only one rainy season, when precipitation averages about 45 inches (1,150 mm), mostly falling from June to the end of September; during the rest of the year the warm, dry harmattan (a dust-laden wind) predominates. Mean annual temperatures vary from the high 70s F (mid-20s C) along the coast and in the mountains to the low 80s F (high 20s C) on the northern plateau. Daily minimum temperatures reaching the high 60s F (low 20s C) are recorded in the mountains in August. Daily maxima in the low 100s F (high 30s C) occur in the north during March and April at the end of the long dry season.
Plant and animal life
Savanna-type vegetation is predominant in Togo. On the southern plateaus large trees, including the baobab, are common, but they are rare in the north. The southwestern highland regions are covered with tropical forests, also found along the river valleys. The coastal zone is dotted with mangrove and reed swamps.
Wild animals are not found in great numbers, especially in the southern and central regions. A few lions, leopards, and elephants can be seen in the north. Monkeys, snakes, and lizards are numerous in many areas, and crocodiles and hippopotamuses abound in the rivers. In the Keran Forest Reserve near Sansanné-Mango in the north, there are wild herds of buffalo, asses, warthogs, antelope, and deer. Numerous species of birds and insects are found in the country. Fish caught off the coast include mackerel, bass, seabream, red snapper, triggerfish, dorado, ray, and sole, while crustaceans include shrimp and lobster.
Ethnic groups and languages
The population of Togo is made up of about 30 ethnic groups, many of whom are immigrants from other parts of western Africa. The groups indigenous to Togo live in the north and southwest. The northern groups include the following Gur-speaking peoples: the Gurma; the Natimba, Dye, and Konkomba; the Tamberma; the Basari; the Moba; the Losso (Naudem); the Kabre and Logba; and the Lamba (Namba); a small number of Atlantic-speaking Fulani; and the Kebu (Akebu). In the southwest the indigenous Kwa peoples also belonging to the central Togo group are the Kposo (Akposso), the Adele, and the Ahlo.
The Ewe, who emigrated from Nigeria between the 14th and 16th century, form the major ethnic group. There are also some scattered Yoruba, mainly Ana. Groups who emigrated from present-day Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire since the 17th century include the Mina (Ga and Ané), the Ga-Dangme, the Kpelle and the Anyama, the Chakosi, and the Dagomba. The northern groups—the Kotokoli (or Temba), Gurma, and Mossi—entered mainly from Burkina Faso.
Most of the country's non-Africans—the majority of whom are French—live in Lomé. Brazilians, or Portuguese of Brazilian birth, constituted the original trading settlement in Togo, and today African-Brazilians are closely associated with economic and political development.
The official language is French, although it is not widely spoken outside of business and government. Widely spoken indigenous languages belong to the Niger-Congo language family and include Ewe in the south and Kabiye in the north.
Almost half of the population is Christian, many of whom are Roman Catholic, although there are also substantial Protestant, independent, and other Christian communities. Since independence, the Roman Catholic Church in Togo has been headed by a Togolese archbishop. The main Protestant (Calvinist) church has been governed for a long time by Togolese moderators.
About one-third of Togo's population adheres to various ancestral forms of belief, including Yoruba-based sects associated with Vodou (Voodoo). More than one-eighth of the population is Muslim.
Settlement patterns
The majority of Togo's population lives in small villages scattered throughout the rural areas. Lomé, the largest urban centre, is spread along the coast. At its centre, there is a mixture of old and new commercial and administrative buildings. Aného (Anécho), another coastal town, was once the country's leading European trade centre but is now declining. Other main towns include Tsévié and Tabligbo in the lowland plateau; Kpalimé, Atakpamé, Sokodé, Bassar (Bassari), and Kara (Lama-Kara) at the base of the Togo Mountains; and Sansanné-Mango (Mango) and Dapaong in the far north.
Demographic trends
Togo's population is growing at a rate slightly higher than the sub-Saharan African average and well above the global average. Like other countries in the region, its birth rate is high; by contrast, however, its death rate is relatively low. On the whole, the Togolese population is quite young: more than two-fifths of the population are younger than age 15, and some three-fourths of the population are age 29 or younger. Although well below the global average, the life expectancy for both men and women is nevertheless higher than the average for sub-Saharan Africa.
Among the smallest countries in Africa, Togo enjoys one of the highest standards of living on the continent owing to its valuable phosphate deposits and a well-developed export sector based on agricultural products such as coffee, cocoa beans, and peanuts (groundnuts). Low market prices for Togo's major export commodities, however, coupled with the volatile political situation of the 1990s and early 2000s, had a negative effect on the economy.
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
The variety of soils and climates enables Togo to grow a wide range of products. A large proportion of the population is engaged in agricultural pursuits, many of which are subsistence-based; agricultural products also factor prominently in the Togolese foreign exchange income. Staple crops include corn (maize), cassava (manioc), rice, yams, sorghum, millet, and peanuts; export crops include cocoa beans (harvested from cacao trees), coffee, shea nuts, cotton, and palm kernels. Prior to 1996 a government agency, the Office of Agricultural Products of Togo, held a monopoly on the foreign sale of Togolese products. Since then government policy has shifted toward encouraging increased cooperation between the public and private sectors.
Cattle, sheep, and pigs are raised in the plateau region and the north. Fishing is carried out on the coast and in the well-stocked inland rivers and ponds. Most of the catch is consumed locally. Forests cover less than one-tenth of Togo's total area; heavy rates of deforestation—due in large part to slash-and-burn agriculture and the need for wood fuel—have greatly diminished the proportion of Togo's wooded area, particularly in the early 2000s.
Resources and power
Mining and quarrying dominate industry in Togo. Phosphate is the major mineral resource and one of the country's leading export items. Deposits include those at Hahoetoé and Kpogamé, directly northeast of Lomé in the south of the country. Togo is one of the world's largest phosphate producers. Togo's considerable limestone reserves, also mined near Lomé, are utilized primarily for cement production. Togo also has substantial marble deposits.
Other mineral resources with commercial potential include iron ore, bauxite, uranium, chromite (an oxide of iron and chromium), gold, diamonds, rutile (titanium dioxide), manganese oxide, and kaolin (china clay). While the iron ore reserves are large, the metal content is only slightly more than 50 percent. The bauxite has a low mineral content.
More than three-fifths of the electricity generated in Togo is hydroelectric, although petroleum is also an important source of energy. In addition to electricity from domestic sources, Togo imports energy from neighbouring countries to meet demand.
The Togolese manufacturing sector is relatively small. Manufacturing in the past centred on the processing of agricultural commodities and the import substitution of consumer goods (textiles, footwear, beverages, and tires). In the late 1970s and early 1980s, however, major investments in heavy industrial schemes included a cement plant, a petroleum refinery, a steelworks, and a phosphoric acid plant, but some of these have since closed down. Several industrial free zones have been established in Togo, including that at Lomé.
Finance and trade
Togo's currency is the CFA franc, which has been officially pegged to the euro since 2002. Currency is issued by the Central Bank of West African States, an agency of the West African Economic and Monetary Union, consisting of eight countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo) that were once French colonies in Africa.
Imports include mineral fuels, food, construction materials, machinery, transport equipment, pharmaceuticals, and paper products. Low customs duties have encouraged significant smuggling of imported consumer goods to neighbouring countries with higher tariffs, especially Ghana. Aside from phosphate and agricultural products, which account for a large proportion of Togolese export earnings, some iron and steel and cement are exported. Togo's main trading partners are France, China, Nigeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, and Niger.
The services sector accounts for more than two-fifths of the gross domestic product. Conflict in the 1990s and early 2000s disrupted the service industry, including tourism, which was a significant source of foreign revenue before that time.
Labour and taxation
More than half the labour force works in the agricultural sector, which meets the majority of the population's food requirements and produces agricultural commodities, such as cotton, for export. Most Togolese workers are permitted to participate in union activity and to strike; government health workers may not strike, and security forces may neither strike nor form unions.
Indirect taxes, almost entirely on imports and exports, account for most of the government's ordinary budget revenues. Direct taxes consist of an income tax, a progressive tax on all profits, taxes on wages paid by employers, a tax on rental values and land, and head taxes.
Three main road systems include the scenic coastal road between Ghana and Benin; the road from Lomé north to Burkina Faso; and roads serving the cacao- and coffee-producing area of Kpalimé, Badou, and Atakpamé. Some one-third of the country's roadways are paved.
The national railway provides service on a number of lines that emanate from Lomé. One line connects Kpalimé with the capital; other lines run to Aného, Tabligbo, and Blitta.
Lomé is Togo's principal port and has been an important transit point for a number of Togo's landlocked neighbours. Its artificial harbour was inaugurated in 1968. A second port is located at Kpémé, about 22 miles (35 km) northeast of Lomé, and is used to handle phosphate shipments.
The international airport at Tokoin (near Lomé) links Togo with European and other African countries. A second international airport is located at Niamtougou in the north. Local airports include those at Atakpamé, Sokodé, Sansanné-Mango, and Dapaong.
Government and society
Constitutional framework
The military coup d'état of 1967 abolished the constitution of 1963 and dissolved the National Assembly. A new constitution in 1992 established the president as head of state and a directly elected multiparty National Assembly, members of which serve five-year terms. The president, who is elected by direct universal suffrage for a term that also lasts five years, appoints the prime minister from the parliament majority. In 2002 a two-term limit on the presidency was abolished.
Local government
The country is divided into five régions—Maritime, Plateaux, Centrale, Kara, and Savanes—for the purposes of economic planning. The five régions are subdivided into préfectures, each of which is headed by a district chief assisted by a district council.
The local administrative apparatus is complemented by traditional authorities, which include traditional ethnic kings or chiefs, village chiefs, and heads of family groups. These traditional authorities play a role in the judicial system, dealing with certain questions of customary law. The judicial system is headed by a Supreme Court and consists of a number of law courts in which civil, commercial, administrative, and criminal cases are heard.
Political process
Suffrage is universal. Various ethnic groups participate in the government, and political parties often have distinct ethnic affiliations. Women hold some senior government positions and seats in the National Assembly, though they are not widely represented. Togo had been ruled since 1969 by the Rally of the Togolese People (Rassemblement du Peuple Togolais; RPT), which was the sole political party until 1991, when other parties were legalized; it remained the ruling party until it was dissolved in 2012. Much of the RPT was reconstituted as the Union for the Republic (Union pour la République; UNIR), which became the new ruling party. Numerous political parties have been formed since they were legalized. Important among these are the Union of Forces of Change (Union des Forces du Changement; UFC), the National Alliance for Change (Alliance Nationale pour le Changement; ANC), and the Action Committee for Renewal (Comité d'Action pour le Renouveau; CAR).
The Togolese armed forces are composed of ground forces, a navy, an air force, and a gendarmerie. Individuals are eligible for selective compulsory and voluntary military service at age 18, and obligations last for two years.
In urban areas such as Lomé, the traditional housing unit is a big walled compound composed of a group of isolated rooms, each opening onto a courtyard. Rural housing differs throughout the country. A common sight along the coast is the rectangular houses built either of clay and timber or of coconut or palm branches and topped by double-eaved thatched roofs. Scattered throughout the coconut plantations, they are not far from the beaches. Inland in the south, thatched rectangular huts made of adobe are clustered around big trees and surrounded by earthen walls or fences made of palm branches. In the north, the traditional adobe or stone huts are circular and are topped by conical roofs or thatched turrets. They are usually gathered in units corresponding to family groups; often enclosed by earthen walls, they are sometimes interlinked. The houses of the Koutammakou region in the northeast, inhabited by the Batammariba, are one such example; they have been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage site for their cultural value. Distinctive of the northern Kara region is the high density of villages that stretch along the highway or climb up the slopes of the many hills.
Education is modeled after the French system. Primary education, which begins at six years of age and lasts for six years, is technically compulsory. Secondary education begins at 12 years of age and is made up of two cycles of four and three years, respectively. Both primary and secondary education are provided by public or parochial schools.
The University of Lomé (founded in 1970) provides French-language instruction and has schools of humanities and science and a university institute of technology. The University of Kara (founded in 1974) offers instruction in a range of faculties, including arts and humanities and law and politics. A school of architecture and town planning, also at Lomé, was founded in 1975 by the African and Mauritian Common Organization.
Cultural life
Like other African peoples, the Togolese have a strong oral tradition. Little has been done, however, to promote vernacular literature. Before independence there were a few Togolese writers using French. Since independence, regional (especially Ewe) literature emerged with the works of several novelists and playwrights. Founded in 1967, the African Ballet of Togo has aimed at popularizing the finest traditional dances. The country's national archives and national library are centred in Lomé.
Holidays observed in Togo include those celebrated by the Christian population, such as Easter, Assumption, Whitmonday, All Saints' Day, and Christmas. The country's Muslim community observes ʿĪd al-Fiṭr, which marks the end of Ramadan, and ʿĪd al-Aḍḥā, which marks the culmination of the hajj rites. Other holidays include Liberation Day (January 13), which commemorates the anniversary of the coup of 1967; Independence Day (April 27); and the anniversary of the failed attack by dissidents on Lomé in 1986, observed on September 23.
Sports and recreation
Football (soccer) is the most popular sport in Togo, and the country has enjoyed international success. Togolese also enjoy boxing. In the late 1990s super middleweight Zafrou Balloqou was ranked in the world's top 10, and Yacoubou Moutakilou and Abdoukerin Hamidou also have found success in the ring. The country competes internationally in tennis and in African Traditional Wrestling as well. Standout tennis players include Komi and Gérard Loglo, who represented the country at the 1999 Davis Cup. Togo has largely been represented only by men in international sporting events, and in 1998 a seminar was held on the promotion of women in Togolese sports.
In 1963 Togo founded an Olympic committee, which was recognized by the International Olympic Committee two years later. The country made its Olympic debut at the 1972 Munich Games. The country claimed its first Olympic medal at the 2008 Beijing Games when Benjamin Boukpeti placed third in the men's kayak event.
Media and publishing
Although the constitution provides for freedom of speech, in practice that right is restricted, and journalists often exercise self-censorship. Radio is a popular media format, particularly in rural areas. In addition to state-controlled stations, a variety of private stations are in operation, with broadcasts in English, French, and a number of local languages. Television broadcasts are limited and are mainly state-controlled.
Notable publications include Togo-Presse, the state publication, and a variety of pro-opposition weeklies, including Carrefour, Le Combat du Peuple, Le Crocodile, Motion d'Information, and Le Regard, all of which were founded in the 1990s.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
Africa: Metallic deposits…1,200 miles from Guinea to Togo. The largest reserves are in Guinea.…
western Africa: Effect of local conditions…the German flag on the Togoland coast, between the Gold Coast and Dahomey, and in the Cameroons—was to intensify and to accelerate existing French and British tendencies to exert their political and military authority at the expense of traditional African rulers.…
coin: Sub-Saharan Africa…Equatorial Africa, Madagascar, and French Togoland, showed the French cockerel or the head of "Marianne" (emblem of the spirit of the French Revolution) and was in general more standardized than in the British colonies. In the principal Portuguese colonies, Angola and Mozambique, the former used macutas (equal to 50 reis)…
flag of Togo… had an obligation to move Togo toward self-government. A local flag was adopted in 1956, shortly before the country was made an autonomous republic within the French Union. The flag's green background stood for agriculture, hope, and youth; the French Tricolor in the upper hoist corner was a reminder of…
Africa, the second largest continent (after Asia), covering about one-fifth of the total land surface of Earth. The continent is bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, on the east by the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, and on the south…
More About Togo6 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- coinage
- flag history
- In flag of Togo
- physical geography
- In Togo: Land
- population
- In Togo: People
- western Africa
- bauxite reserves


text:
Profile Switching
From APRSWiki
High APRS Digipeater[edit]
To configure for a high or low digi only, you probably will not need profile switching as we normally use it for a tracker. Unless of course you want to switch profiles to alert you as to a high or low temperature event or a low voltage situation. The temperature probe is built into the Tracker2 but there is none in the T2-135. Normally the screen will look like this below.
Setup as a Tracker[edit]
Need more info here, some various thoughts on what you might want to switch on. Also comment on KISS and profile switching.
This profile is set up to send a different text message when there is no GPS fix - Profile 2.


text:
Eagle CAD and FreeRouting.net
Eagle Cad is a necessary evil to me. It's the only usable PCB design software I know of for OS X. Plus, there's an abundance of parts libraries out there. Beside its sometimes horrible user interface, my biggest complaint is its autorouter. Luckily there's a website, FreeRouting.net, that has an excellent online autorouter. It takes a little trial and error to learn how to use it, but it does a much better job than Eagle. Here's a video I made showing you the basics to routing your Eagle design at FreeRouting.net.
Eagle CAD from Jay Kickliter on Vimeo.
Update. I've since moved on to Altium Designer. It's much more expensive, but I was able to get a student license for about $150 if I remember correctly. On the negative side, I have to run Windows in Parallels to use it. Although its autorouter is a little better than Eagle's, I hardly ever use it. Altium has pretty good semi-auto routing with push and shove, allowing me to hand route almost anything. Mind you, I haven't yet tried to route a board with a 320 pin BGA yet, but with fan-out and a multi layer board I suppose even that is hand routable.
The real test come when my student license runs out. I don't know what I will use then. Someone who's opinion I respect swears by CADInt. I downloaded it. It seems almost primitive in it's simplicity, but maybe that's good. I might give it its day in court again.


text:
U.S. Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission
GREENSBORO, N.C. – Dolgencorp, LLC, doing business as Dollar General, will pay $50,000 to three former female employees and provide other relief to settle a sexual harassment lawsuit filed by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the agency announced today.
The EEOC charged in its suit (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Dolgencorp, LLC, d/b/a Dollar General, Civ. No. 1:09cv00700), filed in U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina, that from at least February 2005 through at least May 2006, Amanda Strickland, Maria Strickland and Tina Baxley were subjected to a sexually hostile work environment while employed at Dollar General stores in Greensboro and Pleasant Garden, N.C. The EEOC alleged that the women were sexually harassed by a male Dollar General store manager. The alleged sexual harassment included offensive sexual comments, requests for sex and unwelcome touching of the women's breasts and buttocks. According to the EEOC's complaint, the women complained about the sexual harassment to managers within the company, but the harassment continued.
In addition to the monetary relief, the terms of the consent decree resolving the case include provisions for Dollar General to post a copy of its anti-harassment policy in all of its stores in the region where the alleged harassment took place in a place where it is visible to employees, and to provide annual training to all of its store managers and assistant store managers in the region. The training will include an explanation of the requirements of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Dollar General's anti-discrimination and harassment policy and its prohibition against retaliation. Finally, Dollar General agrees to report any future complaints of sexual harassment to the EEOC during the term of the two-year Consent Decree.
"We are pleased that this settlement provides training to managers and supervisors about Title VII's requirements against discrimination and harassment," said Lynette A. Barnes, regional attorney of the EEOC's Charlotte District Office. "Employees should be able to work in an environment free from sexual harassment. Training managers and supervisors about sexual harassment is one way to help prevent sexual harassment claims in the workplace."
The EEOC enforces federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. Further information about the EEOC is available on its web site at www.eeoc.gov.


text:
Top Items:
Wall Street Journal:
Microsoft Is in Talks To Buy Facebook Stake — SAN FRANCISCO — Microsoft Corp. is in talks with Facebook Inc. about making an investment in the social-networking startup that could value Facebook at $10 billion or more, according to people familiar with the matter.
Discussion: Silicon Alley Insider, CenterNetworks, paidContent.org, mathewingram.com/work, Reuters, Inside Facebook, IP Democracy, GigaOM, Read/WriteWeb, HipMojo.com, Search Engine Land, Andy Beal's Marketing Pilgrim, TechCrunch, 24/7 Wall St., FaceReviews.com, Greg Galitzine's VoIP …, Valleywag, IP Telephony, VoIP, Broadband, The Viral Garden, Clickety Clack, All Facebook and ResourceShelf
Allen Stern / CenterNetworks: Microsoft Looking to Buy 5% of Facebook
Staci D. Kramer / paidContent.org: Microsoft Negotiating For Equity Stake In Facebook: Report
Justin Smith / Inside Facebook: Microsoft, Google want a piece of Facebook
Cynthia Brumfield / IP Democracy: Is Facebook Worth $10 Billion?
Om Malik / GigaOM: Microsoft Wants A Piece Of Facebook?
Ashkan Karbasfrooshan / HipMojo.com: MSFT/Facebook Rumor Creeps Back Up Again: Will it Help or Hurt Facebook?
Barry Schwartz / Search Engine Land: Microsoft May Buy $10 Billion Stake In Facebook
Jordan McCollum / Andy Beal's Marketing Pilgrim: Rumor Mill: Microsoft Buying a Stake in Facebook
Michael Arrington / TechCrunch: Microsoft May Invest in Facebook At $10 Billion Valuation
Rodney Rumford / FaceReviews.com: Microsoft and Facebook Business Connection Strengthens
Russell Shaw / IP Telephony, VoIP, Broadband: Poll: With Microsoft now talking to Facebook, who should buy them?
Mack Collier / The Viral Garden: Facebook worth $10 billion?
Junior Hines / Clickety Clack: Microsoft Wants To Buy A Piece Of Facebook
Nick O'Neill / All Facebook: Microsoft to Invest in Facebook
Larry Dignan / Between the Lines:
Microsoft reportedly eyeing Facebook stake — Microsoft is eyeing an investment in Facebook that would value the social networking company at about $10 billion. — The investment, which was reported by The Wall Street Journal citing "people familiar with the matter, connects a few dots on the social networking landscape.
Discussion: InfoWorld, alarm:clock and Sadagopan's weblog …
Juan Carlos Perez / InfoWorld: Report: Microsoft seeks Facebook stake
Sadagopan / Sadagopan's weblog …: Competition @ Internet Speed
Caroline McCarthy / Webware.com:
Discussion: Charles Hudson's Weblog
Louise Story / New York Times:
Company Will Monitor Phone Calls to Tailor Ads — Companies like Google scan their e-mail users' in-boxes to deliver ads related to those messages. Will people be as willing to let a company listen in on their phone conversations to do the same? — Pudding Media, a start-up based in San Jose …
Terrence Russell / Epicenter: Pudding Media Raises Privacy Concerns by Monitoring VoIP Calls
John Paczkowski / Digital Daily: Guess 'Puddin' Head Media' Was Already Trademarked, Huh?
Shelly Palmer / MediaBytes with Shelly Palmer Video: MediaBytes - 09.24.07 — Click to view today's MediaBytes video.
Henry Blodget / Silicon Alley Insider:
Today's Terrible Idea: Pudding Media — A new start-up called Pudding Media is offering free PC-based telephone calls—if users allow the company to listen in on their conversations and serve targeted ads based on what they're talking about (NYT). This is one of the worst business ideas we've heard …
John Murrell / Good Morning Silicon Valley: ThePudding? More like Wiretapioca
Cynthia Brumfield / IP Democracy: Just Say No to Pudding Media — In what Henry Blodget deems …
Erica Ogg / Webware.com: THE PUDDING: EAVESDROPPING TO SELL YOU STUFF
Jason Lee Miller / WebProNews: The Privacy Is In The Pudding (Or Not)
Dennis Bouchand / 901am: Pudding Media delivers free calling by delivering fun, entertaining …
Mark Hendrickson / TechCrunch: ThePudding: Targeted Advertising Comes to Phone Calls
Mark Hachman / AppScout: Would You Like Advertisers Listening to Your Calls?
Joel Durham Jr / ExtremeTech: Ad Software Listens In to Internet Phone Calls
Junior Hines / Clickety Clack: Algorithms Grab The Spotlight
Russell Shaw / IP Telephony, VoIP, Broadband: New service would display ads based on keywords you say in phone calls
Zac Bissonnette / BloggingStocks: Big brother: Company to listen in on phone calls to target ads
Om Malik / GigaOM:
The Mad Ad World & Cheap Calls
The Mad Ad World & Cheap Calls
Discussion: Search Engine Land and TechCrunch
Mike Butcher / TechCrunch: Blyk launches ad-based mobile network
Peter Svensson / Associated Press:
New service eavesdrops on Internet calls
New service eavesdrops on Internet calls
Discussion: Techdirt, Newlaunches.com, Gizmodo, dslreports.com, CrunchGear and ReveNews Online Revenue …
Mike Masnick / Techdirt: 'Free, With Ads' Phone Calls Trying Yet Again
Wilson Rothman / Gizmodo: VoIP: ThePudding.com Phone Service Listens to Your Calls, Makes You Watch Ads
Karl / dslreports.com: 'The Pudding' Listens In On VoIP - And displays context-sensitive advertisements...
Peter Ha / CrunchGear: Your VoIP Calls Are Being Tapped
Jonathan Fildes / BBC:
'$100 laptop' to sell to public — Computer enthusiasts in the developed world will soon be able to get their hands on the so-called "$100 laptop". — The organisation behind the project has launched the "give one, get one" scheme that will allow US residents to purchase two laptops for $399 (£198).
Discussion: Read/WriteWeb, The Browser, Cinema Blend Feeds, Daggle, broadstuff, Wikinomics, Guardian Unlimited and Between the Lines
Josh Catone / Read/WriteWeb: Selling OLPC Laptops in USA - Good Idea?
Oliverryan / The Browser: A better alternative to One Laptop per Child?
Danny Sullivan / Daggle: $100 Laptop? Don't Wait — Get Yours Now
Dan Herman / Wikinomics: Tech solutions to under-development.
Jack Schofield / Guardian Unlimited: Buy one, give one away — OLPC for everyone
Larry Dignan / Between the Lines: OLPC to offer two-packs to jump start sales
Steve Lohr / New York Times:
Buy a Laptop for a Child, Get Another Laptop Free
Buy a Laptop for a Child, Get Another Laptop Free
John Murrell / Good Morning Silicon Valley: One Laptop Per Child issues pitch to fix slow boot sequence
Marius Chitosca / Smart Mobs: "Buy a Laptop for a Child" Project going steady
Carolyn Y. Johnson / Boston Globe: Building a critical mass
Jessica E. Vascellaro / Wall Street Journal: Laptop Charity Seeks Help From Home Market
Nick Mokey / Digital Trends: OLPC XO-1 Goes On Sale to Public
Scott Gilbertson / Compiler: OLPC Laptops Available In The U.S. With "Give One Get One" Program
Cynthia Brumfield / IP Democracy: One Laptop Per Child Aims for the Heart
Ted / Ted's Take:
"PayPal Meets MasterCard" Without The High Fees — MEDIA CONTACT: — Brad Burns — 202-776-1400 — email@example.com — REVOLUTION JOINED BY INDUSTRY LEGENDS AND MAJOR BANKS TO LAUNCH REVOLUTIONARY PAYMENT SYSTEM — Steve Case, Ted Leonsis, Larry Summers, David Pottruck …
Discussion: paidContent.org and Mashable!
Joseph Weisenthal / paidContent.org: Steve Case, Ted Leonsis Launch Online Credit-Card Firm Revolution …
Adam Ostrow / Mashable!: Steve Case Launches Free Money Transfer Service
Jeremy Kirk / InfoWorld:
Virgin drops Windows Media-based music download service — San Francisco (IDGNS) - Virgin Group Ltd. will shut down its online music subscription and download service in the U.S. and U.K. next month, leaving one less competitor for Apple Inc.'s iTunes Music Store.
Discussion: Download Squad, Ars Technica, Engadget and The Register
Donald Melanson / Engadget: Virgin Digital packs up its DRM and goes home
Tony Smith / The Register: Virgin unplugs music download service
Associated Press:
Starbucks to Give Away 50 Million Songs
Starbucks to Give Away 50 Million Songs
Discussion: Engadget, Gizmodo, Yahoo! News, Gadget Lab, Orbitcast, Newlaunches.com, The Globe and Mail, ExtremeTech and Ubergizmo
Wilson Rothman / Gizmodo: Apple: Starbucks To Start Up iTunes Wi-Fi Store with 50 Million Free Songs
Charlie Sorrel / Gadget Lab: Starbucks 50 Million Song Giveaway
Mathew Ingram / The Globe and Mail: Pay $5 for a coffee, get a free song
Joel Durham Jr / ExtremeTech: Starbucks to Give Away iTunes Tunes
Duncan Riley / TechCrunch:
Google Prepping A Second Life Competitor? — Rumors of a Google powered virtual world based on Google Earth surfaced in January; today there is word that Google may be testing their virtual world at Arizona State University (ASU). — According to Google Operating System …
Daniel Terdiman / CNET News.com: Google eyeing its own 'Second Life?'
John Pospisil / TECH.BLORGE.com: Google developing Second Life killer
Philipp Lenssen / Google Blogoscoped: Google Tests "My World" Program
Sepideh Saremi / Searchviews: Google Weekend: Open API, Social Media, and Unity Cable Rumors
Caleb Booker / Metaversed: Rumor: Google Virtual World Imminent
Doug Caverly / Insider Reports Feed: Google Earth Could Go After Second Life
Danny Sullivan / Search Engine Land: Google To Pressure Facebook To "Free" Social Data & Planning Google Earth World?
Steve O'Hear / The Social Web: More on Google's social networking plans
Bryan Alexander / Infocult: MyWorld: towards avatar-based social Google Earth
Jacqui Cheng / Ars Technica:
Google testing "My World" for launch later this year
Google testing "My World" for launch later this year
Discussion: Valleywag
James Kendrick / jkOnTheRun:
We need a real handheld computer, who will build one? Apple of course — It's a great time to be a handheld PC enthusiast, not because there are so many good devices to choose from, because I don't think there are, but because public awareness of handheld PCs are at an all-time high.
Discussion: Channel 9 and GottaBeMobile.com
Warner Crocker / GottaBeMobile.com: Slip Sliding Away
Astrid Wendlandt / Reuters:
Vivendi calls Apple iTunes contract terms "indecent" — PARIS (Reuters) - Vivendi condemned as "indecent" the contract terms between its Universal Music Group (UMG) unit and Apple Inc, the computer maker whose iTunes online store dominates the digital music market.
Discussion: Digital Daily, Silicon Alley Insider and iLounge
John Paczkowski / Digital Daily: FCC Swamped With iTunes Indecency Complaints
Peter Kafka / Silicon Alley Insider: Vivendi: Apple's iTunes Terms Are Terrible!
Charles Starrett / iLounge: Vivendi labels Apple's contact terms 'indecent'
Donald Melanson / Engadget:
CE-Oh no he didn't! Part XLIII: Vivendi CEO calls iTunes contract "indecent"
CE-Oh no he didn't! Part XLIII: Vivendi CEO calls iTunes contract "indecent"
Discussion: Infinite Loop
Official Google Blog:
It's all about today — A lot of us love video games, and everyone here has their favorite from the latest generation of consoles. We have a game room in our building that happens to have all three of the latest systems: Artem loves Microsoft's Xbox 360, Niv can't part with Sony's Playstation 3 …
Discussion: Google Operating System, Search Engine Journal and Mashable!
Ionut Alex Chitu / Google Operating System: Google Trends, Updated Daily
Loren Baker / Search Engine Journal: Google Trends Now Updates Daily
Adam Ostrow / Mashable!: Google Trends Now Updates Daily
TDavid / Things That:
Tablet PC users will like Sketchcast for non-commerical usage — The first thing I thought of was the Tablet PC when I saw Sketchcast as a delicious popular post in my RSS reader this morning. With Sketchcast you can share drawings with or without voice all through a pen-friendly Flash interface in the browser (Firefox or IE).
Discussion: CenterNetworks, TechCrunch, CyberNet Technology News and Google Blogoscoped
Michael Arrington / TechCrunch: Sketchcasting - Another Weapon In The Blogging Arsenal
Philipp Lenssen / Google Blogoscoped: New: Sketchcast.com — When Rich Ziade came up with the idea …
Prince McLean / AppleInsider:
Updated Leopard requirements to exclude 800MHz systems — Just weeks ahead of its public launch, Apple Inc. has updated the minimum system requirements for its next-generation Leopard operating system to exclude 800MHz PowerPC-based Macs, AppleInsider has learned.
Discussion: Byte of the Apple, Compiler, CrunchGear, Gizmodo, The Unofficial Apple Weblog and Ubergizmo
Arik Hesseldahl / Byte of the Apple: So Long PowerPC — It had to happen sometime, and it looks …
Scott Gilbertson / Compiler: Rumor: OS X Leopard Nears Completion
Vince Veneziani / CrunchGear: Leopard To Exclude Legacy Apple Systems?
Wilson Rothman / Gizmodo: Apple: 800MHz G4 Macs Are Dead to Leopard
Dave Caolo / The Unofficial Apple Weblog: Leopard to exclude 800MHz systems
Duncan Riley / TechCrunch:
Pownce vs Digg: Who Will Kevin Rose Back? — I've speculated previously on the growing conflict Kevin Rose has between his roles at Digg and Pownce, and now it would appear that we may finally be on the eve of Rose being forced to decide between the two. — Leah Culver, a co-founder …
Discussion: Valleywag, WebProNews, mathewingram.com/work and Pronet Advertising
David A. Utter / WebProNews: Digg, Pownce Have Gender Issues
Muhammad Saleem / Pronet Advertising: Don't Spread Yourself Too Thin
Brandon LeBlanc / The Windows Experience Blog:
Experiencing Windows Vista Service Pack 1 Beta — Today Microsoft is releasing the Beta of Windows Vista Service Pack 1 which was announced by Nick White few weeks ago. I'd like to take the opportunity to share my very own experiences with Windows Vista SP1 Beta running on several PCs of my own.
Discussion: Download Squad, Channel 9, Bink.nu, WinBeta and Alice Hill's Real Tech News
Keeron / Channel 9: Vista SP1 release today
Steven Bink / Bink.nu: Windows Vista SP1 Beta release available today
Michael Santo / Alice Hill's Real Tech News: Microsoft releases Windows Vista SP1 to beta
Candace Lombardi / CNET News.com:
Think tank to EU: Unbundle Windows on PCs — The Globalization Institute, a Brussels-based EU think tank, has recommended the European Union require all PCs to be sold without pre-loaded operating systems such as Microsoft Windows. — There is no reason why computer operating systems …
Discussion: Michael Gartenberg, BetaNews, TECH.BLORGE.com and Macsimum News
Jonathan Schlaffer / TECH.BLORGE.com: Globalization Institute wants EU to unbundle Windows with PCs
Dennis Sellers / Macsimum News: Globalization Institute: 'unlock' PCs from Windows
Doug Aamoth / CrunchGear:
Who Else Got Burned By An 'End Of Summer' Promise? — Long Zheng of istartedsomething.com is mad. So am I, although not quite about the same thing. Zheng is brassed off that the Windows Ultimate team hasn't delivered DreamScene (basically, the ability to use a video file as your desktop background) …
Discussion: InfoWorld


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Topic Title: Need some help
Created on July 6, 2013 at 09:05 AM
I bought a Maverick Holland Grill a couple of weeks ago and have been doing a lot of grilling on it since, but I'm not getting the hang of it. I've tried chicken (whole, and split breasts) and burgers. So far things have been pretty flavorless and I'm having trouble getting the timing down. Given what I've read about the Holland, I'm figuring I'm the problem. Hoping I can get some help here.
For instance, I cooked some inch or so thick hamburgers last nite, 11 minutes on side one and 15 minutes on the other side. They were still pretty rare. I lined them up along the back edge of the grill. The grill temp was, for the most part, around 420 - 440, except after I turned them, when it went down into the 300s. Should I use a thermometer on them (I tried that once, but it seemed to lose a lot of juiciness that way)?
As far as flavor goes, I ordered some wood chips from Amazon I'm going to try. Will they work or do you have to use the pellets? Can't find any around here and the shipping is more than the cost of the pellets from Holland.
I'm sorry to hear that Karin. I'm also new to Holland grilling but have been having fantastic success with everything I've cooked. As someone else mentioned, are you letting it pre-heat? Are you opening the lid often? Remember the Holland adage: "If you're looking, you aren't cooking."
I did a couple of whole chickens a couple of weeks ago. I closed the drip tube valve and added about a gallon of water - had to add more during the process - to bring down the temperature. They roasted for about two hours twenty minutes and were out of this world. Thoroughly cooked but still nice and juicy.
Last night I grilled some split breasts and whole chicken legs - skin on, no water in the drip pan, just let them roast at full Holland temp. I tossed them liberally with Lawry's Poultry Seasoning (I get it at Sam's Club) and let them sit for about 10 minutes before grilling for about 75 minutes - turning once. Again, amazing eats. When I put the chicken on, I also added some Hickory pellets for a nice smoke.
I'm not sure why you aren't getting the taste you desire. Are you letting whatever you put on the grill sit at room temp for a bit to knock the chill off? I find that to be important - something I've always done even when I had a flamethrower grill. Or before placing food in the oven for that matter. I'm just wondering if your food is too cold and the fat and juices aren't coming out of the meat and hitting the hot drip pan - which I've learned (by reading here and experience) is the key to the unique Holland flavor.
As for purchasing the pellets, I don't know where you live but you might try the Holland distributor I use: http://www.hgdist.net/contact-us-2/locate-a-dealer-near-you/ in Spencerville, Ohio. Their shipping cost has been quite reasonable. And, they're great folks!
I think you can use wood chips but make sure you soak them in water for at least a half hour before adding to the smoke drawer - and don't add too much! That said, I believe the pellets are the preferred smoke ingredient to use. Maybe someone who knows for sure about using something beside the pellets can chime in here with a definitive answer.
Here's hoping for some better results for you! Please let us know how things progress.
Thanks for the replies.
Yes, I do preheat the grill for 30 minutes prior to grilling. It's usually around 480 when I put the meat on.
Before lighting the grill I take out the food I plan on grilling, so it gets about 30 minutes at room temp.
I don't open the grill except when adding food or flipping. However, when I do these, I do lose a lot of temp, which takes a while to come back up to temp.
I'm often trying to cook several things at once - the meat, some veggies (my husband loves the direct on the grill veggies), some rolls or bread (manage to burn that every time by not looking ;) ). With a lot of stuff on the grill, it seems to not get back up to temp easily.
I'll try the pellet source, thanks for posting.
When I did the split breasts, I started off with skin side down and then flipped. Tore most of the skin off when I did that. So next time I tried putting it in skin side up and not flipping. This resulted in a burned bottom and not as flavorful top.
Temp wise your grill is right in the wheelhouse.
I do split breasts alot here at home on either my Classic or Legacy and also when in S Fl with the motorhome on my Comapanion. Cook times all are around 70 minutes (35 per side) so Foodie and I have a temp that are almost identical. I do cook them skin side down initially.
When you go to turn the chicken if it does not release from the cooking grate its pretty much telling you "cook me a bit longer until I release".
For spicing I add spices that I like and for chicken they include Webers Kickin Chicken (bit spicey), Badia Poultry Seasoning, Montreal Chicken Seasoning and any Creole Seasoning you can find. I surely don't know what those spices do to the chicken but the finished product tastes good to the folks in my household.
If you have a Trader Joes close by for something different try their South African Smoke seasoning its in a grinder and runs $2.29 it just might be enough smoke flavor and you could forego the chips or pellets.
Foodies point on room temp prior to putting on the grill is quite valid. On the flip side of that if you are into smoking food the colder the guest of honor when putting it on your cooker you have the potential to add more smoke flavor to the meat. Reason is that most meats don't take on much smoke flavor after it reaches and internal temp of around 135 degs. Seeing how the meat is colder initially it will take longer for the meat to reach an internal temp of around 135. I cater a little bit in my free time and I have one group (Former Navy guys) who really like smoke flavored food so I throw the BB's in the freezer for about 1 hour before I cook them on one of my BGE's or Southern Yankee. Always end up with a good smokey flavor that they yearn for. However don't keep tossing wood on the fire after you have reached the 135 deg mark or you run the risk of having a creosote tasting guest of honor which is a turn off.
Learning a lot!
Didn't know that about flipping the chicken breasts. And I think I should have cooked them longer, I only did 30 minutes a side. Good to know.
I'm planning on trying the ham in cola this weekend with the vidalia onions and the roasted sweet potatoes.
I forgot this in my last post.
Tearing the skin could also be do to the type of tongs you are using besides the chicken not being ready to turn.
I prefer more rounded edge type tongs vice ones with serrated teeth. When I say rounded more flipper/spatula type.
Good luck with your hame let us know how it comes out.
A quick word on roasting a sweet potato - they cook significantly faster than a "regular" potato due to the sugar content. Learned this the hard way....
Karin, I can testify that the only seasoning you ned is Holland's Carolina seasoning. I've tried a bunch and this is the best allpurpose seasing I've found. Also a tip I found--if you're cooking things skin side down (like split chicken) you can spray a little pam on the grill before you light it. Chicken is a staple in our house and frankly, it's awesome on our Holland. You can get Carolina at a local dealer or do what I do and buy it off their website.
Tom Kirkman
When you add or flip food, get in and get out. Don't throw open the lid and take your time putting stuff on or flipping it. Get in and get out. That's the best way to preserve your heat.
If there is anything about the Holland videos that I don't like, it's the amount of time they leave the lid open for. I know they're trying to show folks all they can with the lid up, but if you do this in actual use your food will never get done. Get in, get out.
Hi. I checked your hamburger cooking times with the times listed in the front of my cookbook and you were right on target with the times, but the grill is a little hotter towards the edges and a little cooler toawrd the middle. U might want to put the veggies in the center and burgers or chicken on the edge. Don't u love the expanded metal grill? U don't need a special pan to cook or have to worry about them falling thru.


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Jim Sugar has been a working photographer since three days after graduating with honors from Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. National Geographic hired Jim as a summer intern following graduation. Since then, he illustrated 35 articles in National Geographic Magazine, 3 books for the National Geographic book division, 9 cover stories for Popular Mechanics, and 6 cover stories for Boy's Life.
His commercial clients include DuPont, AT&T, IBM, SAP, and Visa. As a videographer and filmmaker, he worked on a 1-hour documentary for Radio Television Ireland that received a 31% market share in December 2009.
"With Seagate's lightweight, reliable GoFlex ultra-portable drives for storing, transferring, and backing up my work, I have the peace of mind that my photos and videos are protected and accessible." — Jim
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|Canandaigua, N.Y.
|High School:
|Canandaigua Academy
|Sprint Freestyle
|House Affiliation:
Member of Harvard record holding 200 free relay (1:18.71)
Personal Records
50 Free: 20.39 (ECAC, 3/2/13)
100 Free: 45.47 (HYP 2/3/12)
200 Free: 1:42.18 (at HYP, 1/29/11)
Junior 2012-13
Was a member of the winning 400 free relay team and also took third in the 50 free against Cornell and Dartmouth Nov. 10 ... Helped the 200 free relay team to a victory at the Shamrock Invitational Jan. 25-26 ... Helped win both 200 free relay (1:19.17) and 400 free relay (2:55.24) teams at the HYP Feb. 2-3 ... Swam to a runner-up finish in the 50 free with a personal-best time of 20.39 and was a member of the first-place 200 medley and third-place 200 free relay at the ECAC Championships (Mar. 3).
Sophomore 2011-12
Participated in the 100 free and placed sixth in the 200 free relay with a time of 1:26.90 against Cornell and Dartmouth Nov. 12 ... Took part in the 200 and 400 free relays at the UNC Invitational Nov. 19 ... Won the 100 free and placed third in the 50 free against Brown Jan. 19...Was a member of the first place 200 free relay team (1:20.50) at HYP Feb. 4.
Before Harvard
Four-year letterman for Canandaigua Academy swim team ... Team captain as a junior and senior … Named team MVP , All-Greater Rochester and Finger Lakes Swimmer of the Year as a sophomore, junior and senior … Named to the All-Finger Lakes first team all four years on varsity … School record holder in the 50, 100 and 200 freestyle and 200 individual medley … Member of National Honor Society and Niagara District athlete representative.


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The new Sussex Police and Crime Commissioner's office will cost the taxpayer more than £1.1 million in its first year.
More than £700,000 is set aside for the salaries of the 12-strong team with three employees receiving more than £80,000.
Conservative Katy Bourne was elected as the first Police and Crime Commissioner in November with just 15% of the electorate turning out to vote.
The new system, which was ushered in by her party, replaces the old Police Authority and sees her take control of the force's budget and setting local policing principles.
A Freedom of Information request has revealed that £1,184,000 has been set aside for the running of her office in its first year.
She will receive an £85,000 salary with her deputy, Steve Waight, on £45,000 a year.
Additionally the office's chief executive Dan Steadman, is to receive £85,000, while the chief financial officer, John Eagles, is on £80,000.
The salaries of the remaining members of staff, who equal 8.5 full time roles, have not been made publically available.
However, if all on the same salary level, the six policy advisors, two press officers and executive assistant, receive £49,000 each.
'No increased costs'
A spokeswoman for the office said the overall salary bill included pension contributions and National Insurance.
She added that apart from the deputy role, all team members were transferred over when the Police Authority was abolished.
She said: "The Deputy role does not increase the PCC costs either as you need to take into account the fact that we are no longer paying allowances to the 17 members of the Police Authority."
As well as being responsible for setting the budget and setting priorities, the PCC is also able to hire and fire chief constables.
Opponents have said that the move will lead to the politicisation of the police.
They have also questioned their legitimacy given the low turnout in November's elections.
Ms Bourne said: "I inherited a small team of staff from the Police Authority who are working really hard to deliver for the people of Sussex."
See the latest news headlines from The Argus:
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text:
Civil service, the body of government officials who are employed in civil occupations that are neither political nor judicial. In most countries the term refers to employees selected and promoted on the basis of a merit and seniority system, which may include examinations.
In earlier times, when civil servants were part of the king's household, they were literally the monarch's personal servants. As the powers of monarchs and princes declined and as, in some countries, their sovereignty was denied them, appointment became a matter of personal choice by ministers and heads of departments. The influence senior civil servants may wield over policy and the need for them to work in close harmony with ministers induce all governments to insist on complete freedom of choice in appointments, even when, as in Great Britain, the freedom is rarely invoked. In some countries, notably the United States, senior advisers usually are replaced whenever a new administration takes office.
In Europe in the 19th century, appointment and promotion frequently depended on personal or political favour, but tenure was common in the lower and middle ranks once an appointment had been made.
Dependency on a superior's favour led civil servants to ally themselves with liberal public opinion, which was critical of the waste and corruption involved in political patronage. Pressure for reform led to official formulations of basic qualifications for different posts; appointments and promotions boards were established within each department to prevent or obstruct overt political favouritism and nepotism; and salary scales were introduced for different grades to provide a civil servant with increments for good service while still holding the same post. In many countries civil service commissions were set up to ensure impartiality in selection procedures and to lay down broad principles for personnel management in the civil service. Recruitment in many European countries corresponded to the national educational systems: the highest class of civil servants entered service after graduation from a university, the executive class after full completion of secondary school, the clerical class after the intermediate school examination. The manual workers in the service were mainly recruited from persons of mature age who had left school after primary education or, in such countries as France and Germany, from military veterans. As public administration became more complex in the 20th century, specialized categories of civil servants were created to bring into the service doctors, scientists, architects, naval constructors, statisticians, lawyers, and so on. In several countries the establishment of these special classes caused some difficulties because their salary scales had to be linked with those of competing professional groups outside the service. The distinction between foreign service and home service personnel has sometimes caused difficulty because of inadequate liaison between overseas representatives and the makers of foreign policy at home. In the United States, the Rogers Act of 1924 unified the overseas service itself, but the civil servants of the State Department in Washington, D.C., continued to be regarded as part of the federal civil service.
The posts that fall under the rules of the U.S. merit system are not grouped into a small number of general classes but have individual job specifications and entry qualifications. Although designed to select entrants with special knowledge or skills for individual posts, this system has been criticized for failing to make the best use of the talent available to the government. In 1978 the Senior Executive Service was created to achieve more effective promotion and deployment.
All countries base appointments on some kind of competition. In some countries great emphasis is placed on formal written examinations supplemented by interviews. Such is the situation in France, where entry into the higher civil service is channeled through specialist schools, or grandes écoles, of which the École Nationale d'Administration and the École Polytechnique are the most important. In Great Britain, traditionally one of the great advocates of entry by formal examination, the Civil Service Commission relies more on informal tests and a series of interviews and observations and tends to measure the candidate's intellectual competence by the quality of his university degree. The conventional written examination is dispensed with also in such European countries as Finland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Portugal, as well as the German Länder, or states. In the Länder the qualifications and references of all candidates are compared, whereupon the most eligible are interviewed by a departmental board. Candidates are expected to have completed a lengthy program of academic work for professional qualification and a period of subsequent training in a variety of public institutions under official supervision. If successful in their interviews, candidates are recommended to the minister, who makes appointments to higher grade posts, or to the heads of department, who handle the middle and lower categories. On the face of it, this method offers fewer guarantees of impartiality than does the formal written examination, but a civil service career is less attractive now than formerly and the civil service has to compete, usually at lower salaries, with business and the professions for the best available talent. In Sweden a constitutional provision requires that nearly all public documents (including the proceedings of authorities that make appointments) be open for public inspection, thus providing a check upon corruption or favouritism.
Most federal and culturally diverse countries try to ensure an equitable distribution of posts among their constituent elements. In Switzerland the federal authorities try to maintain a balance of posts not only between the cantons but also between the political parties, religions, and languages. The federal civil service in Germany draws on the public service officers in the Länder, and some degree of proportional representation is attempted. There was considerable pressure in Canada in the 1970s to ensure a more equitable distribution of federal civil service posts between the English- and French-speaking populations. It is also clear that many African states are compelled to recognize regional and tribal origins in their appointments to the civil service.
Conditions of service
The forerunners of civil servants, being members of the royal household, had duties but no rights. The first attempts to formalize methods of appointment and conditions of service were among the administrative innovations introduced in Prussia in the 18th century. Elsewhere attempts were frustrated by political and public objections. Increased formal regulation of conditions of service came about when civil servants organized themselves into professional groups, sometimes barely distinguishable from trade unions. The fact that civil servants are agents of the public power, providing services on which law, order, and public health depend, has raised the question whether they should be permitted to strike; if they cannot lawfully strike, they are deprived of the main weapon in pressing for improvements in their conditions of service. Thus, there have developed special arrangements for reviewing conditions of service periodically and for settling contentious issues. In particular, it has been necessary to have a properly recognized system for regulating conduct and discipline. In the United Kingdom, traditional standards are supplemented or revised to accord with recommendations from periodic commissions of enquiry, which pay special attention to official conduct in relation to political activities and business dealings. In France and Germany these codes of conduct have been based mainly upon the rules of administrative law and the jurisprudence of administrative courts, although certain civil service rights and duties are specified in constitutional law. In other countries, particularly in the United States and India, conduct and discipline are regulated by administrative rules and codes promulgated by executive order after discussion and enquiry.
The standards placed upon a civil servant's conduct are partly those to be expected of any loyal, competent, and obedient employee and partly those enjoined upon a public employee. Ideally, the civil servant should be above any suspicion of partiality and should not let personal sympathies, loyalties, or interests affect the performance of duties; for example, a civil servant is obliged to be circumspect in private financial dealings. As a general rule, a civil servant is not allowed to engage directly or indirectly in any trade or business and may engage in social or charitable organizations only if these have no connection with official duties. There are always strict limits on a civil servant's right to lend or borrow money, and they are prohibited from accepting gifts.
Civil servants and politics
There are different attitudes about the extent to which civil servants may engage in political activities. One view is that a civil servant has the same constitutional rights as other citizens and that it is therefore unconstitutional to attempt to limit those rights other than by the common law. The opposing view is that, since civil servants are engaged in the unique function of national government, their integrity and loyalty to their political masters might be affected by active participation in political affairs, and public confidence in their impartiality could be shaken. Broadly speaking, those countries that traditionally expect civil servants to behave with complete impartiality and to conform to ministerial policy with energy and good will, whether they agree with the policy or not, expect all civil servants to behave with circumspection in political affairs. The United Kingdom has a total ban on its senior civil servants' engaging in any form of political activity. The prohibition becomes progressively less strict, however, for the medium and lower grades of the service.
Another group of countries, including France and Germany, have deemed policy and administration to be so intimately connected that all top posts are filled at the discretion of the government of the day; thus, civil servants are allowed greater scope in political activities. They are nevertheless expected to act with greater discretion and public decorum than private citizens, and an excess of power or an abuse of office for political purposes renders a civil servant instantly liable both to statutory regulations and to severe internal disciplinary proceedings.
Civil servants and unions
Traditionally, governments have been hostile toward civil service unions, and in the past repressive laws made strike action unlawful. Strikes nevertheless occurred, and governments eventually adopted an attitude of open encouragement toward trade unionism. Most governments accept, in theory at least, that the state should be a model employer. It follows that, if the state genuinely pursues a policy of discussion and negotiation with civil servants and attempts properly to fulfill agreements with them, it should in return be freed from the threat of strike action. Mindful that the withdrawal of civil servants from some public services would lead to chaos, many governments have found it prudent to establish permanent channels for negotiating such matters as salaries and discipline. Organizations representing the staff and a management side of senior officials representing the state mirror the employer-employee relationship of private industry, although a higher percentage of public- than private-sector employees are members of unions. The United Kingdom was the first country to establish negotiating machinery for civil servants. Following a report in 1917, organizations known as Whitley Councils were set up, consisting of equal numbers of medium and lower staffs on the one hand and directing and supervisory staffs on the other. These councils operate within the ministries, and a National Whitley Council performs central advisory functions for the government. They have no powers of decision, however, only of recommendation, because governments are never prepared to surrender their ultimate responsibility for determining the public interest. The councils have done a good deal to provide a sense of common purpose and joint responsibility within the civil service as a whole, although pay restraints from the early 1970s generated great friction between civil service unions and government.
In France each department has a comparable consultative body, but its work is broader in scope in that it can scrutinize recruitment, personnel records, promotions, and disciplinary procedures. There is also a national council, presided over by the prime minister or a specially nominated minister for civil service affairs, which is concerned with general personnel policy, conditions of service, and coordination of departmental committees.
Until after World War II, the commonly accepted view in the United States was that expressed by Pres. Calvin Coolidge: "There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, at any time." Although federal employees are still forbidden to strike, a rule illustrated by the dismissal of striking air traffic controllers in 1981, consultation has increased, and in many federal departments appeals committees comprising departmental heads and one or more members of the Merit Systems Protection Board may now hear appeals from civil servants against decisions adversely affecting their careers. These committees are also consulted on general matters of departmental interest, such as job classifications, pension schemes, promotion policies, and office procedures.
Patterns of control
The expansion of public services, as well as the development of permanent civil service career structures, raised fears that civil services were becoming autonomous powers in their own right, no longer subject to the traditional forms of control. This view is associated with the sociologists Max Weber, who criticized the bureaucracy of imperial Germany, and Robert Michels, who formulated the "iron law of oligarchy." Michels's law suggested that every organization with a permanent staff produces an oligarchy running the organization according to the interests and values of the bureaucratic group. In addition, the growing complexity of modern government has greatly augmented the informal power of senior civil servants who act as advisers to ministers. This is particularly the case in countries (usually the more democratic ones) where ministries frequently change hands.
In the 19th century civil services were normally restricted to maintaining law and order and minor economic regulations such as those concerning weights and measures and factory laws. The subordination of civil servants to their political masters and their political masters' responsibility to the courts and legislatures seemed to provide an adequate safeguard against arbitrary administrative actions. But in some countries, notably Germany, France, and Austria, civil services became endowed with much greater authority, operating as part of the police power. This caused concern because civil servants were exempt from normal legal processes when performing their official functions. In response, special administrative courts were set up to which private citizens or corporations could appeal against administrative acts. Jurisdiction was limited, however, and redress was frequently slow. The courts themselves remained specialized institutions of the executive rather than normal parts of the judiciary.
Sweden provided a marked contrast. Before the constitution of 1809 the executive power had been absolute. Afterward, not only did it become subject to control by the legislature, but this control also was reinforced by the creation of a special post of ombudsman (see administrative law: The ombudsman).
World War I brought increased governmental activity almost everywhere. The area in which administrative discretion could be exercised grew; civil servants became as much adjudicators as administrators, and their influence upon economic life increased. By World War II the state had become, even in many conservative countries, an economic regulator, an industrial producer of overwhelming importance, and a conciliator between competing interests. In all of these matters civil servants were the effective agents of the state.
Responses to civil service power
In the United States, Congress created an institution to counter the threatened increase in civil service power. As far back as the late 19th century Congress, when legislating for new areas of government, assigned powers to agencies or commissions, specifying their powers, competence, and composition and freeing them from direct presidential control. In this way large areas of government escaped the control of the executive branch of government, including the federal civil service. These independent regulatory agencies have covered major economic fields and have included the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Federal Communications Commission, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This policy has laid Congress open to the charge that it has created a headless fourth branch of government, but it has successfully prevented the emergence of a monolithic federal civil service.
To counter charges that the U.S. civil service was encroaching on the powers of the judiciary, the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 laid down detailed provisions to safeguard citizens' rights where the administration had powers of adjudication. These rights included the right to ample previous notice of proceedings, the right to submit evidence, the right to have independent hearing officers (to the exclusion of investigating or prosecuting officers), and the right to a decision based solely on testimony and papers actually entered in the proceedings.
Other democratic countries have been concerned about the growing powers of the civil service and about whether traditional forms of judicial and ministerial control are adequate. Many European countries have modeled their instruments of administrative jurisdiction and jurisprudence on the French Conseil d'État. In the United Kingdom the creation of a special administrative jurisdiction of this kind has been opposed by both parliamentary and judicial opinion, but it was because of mounting criticism of civil service immunity from detailed control that Parliament created the special office of parliamentary commissioner, or ombudsman. Public access to the office is by way of a member of Parliament, and the commissioner is excluded from inquiring into matters of policy, local government authorities, or lower judicial bodies.
Civil servants and communism
Special problems of control arose in communist countries, where the main preoccupation of the regime, which was under the direct control of the Communist Party, had been to ensure the civil service's continual loyalty. Impartiality and objectivity in the administrative machine's dealings with the public were not of such high priority as in pluralist societies. A body of administrative procedure was built up, but this was always subordinated to the directives of the party leadership. Communist countries also had to establish new ways of judging performance, since the state monopoly of political power and means of production ensured that traditional incentives and yardsticks could not be applied.
Yet in their own way, communist countries had elaborate controls. In the Soviet Union all ministries had a special section staffed by, and responsible to, operatives from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. This section provided security control over the ordinary civil servants, and its personnel were not part of that ministry's official structure. The Communist Party maintained further control through the party apparatus, and it closely supervised senior appointments.
Communist planning, financial, and personnel controls of a technical kind resembled those in democratic countries, but in the Soviet Union there were two additional special supervisory agencies. The Commission of State Control was responsible for vigilance over state property and administration. Its departments paralleled the different branches of state administration and maintained audits of their work. Its officers had the right of access to all administrative records and could issue directives to other institutions. They had powers to prosecute civil servants for criminal offenses, and they could apply a formidable range of disciplinary measures to civil servants, either by direct action or through the responsible minister.
The second agency of control arose because of the difficulty of reconciling disputes between production units and their controlling ministries in an economy that lacked the traditional forms of market discipline and could not rely upon an enforceable law of contract. A special system of compulsory arbitration operated through the State Arbitration Tribunal (known as Gosarbitrazh) under the Council of Ministers and through arbitration tribunals responsible to the councils of ministers in each of the republics. It settled all disputes concerning contracts, quality of goods, and other property disputes between various state enterprises. The system was staffed by civil servants charged with enforcing "contractual and plan discipline," but it was supported by technical experts qualified in economic and industrial matters.Brian Chapman Edward C. Page
International civil service
The elements of an international civil service first appeared in the Universal Postal Union (established 1874–75). Some four and a half decades later the League of Nations and the International Labour Organization (ILO) were founded. They required a staff of almost 600 experts and subordinate personnel, which took the form of a true international civil service. It drew mainly on British, French, and Swiss personnel, but more than 40 states contributed members in order to spread recruitment as widely as possible. There were no formal methods of selection for the higher personnel; the secretary-general of the League used personal contacts. The staff fell into three divisions: administrative, supervisory and clerical, and custodial. The history of the League shows that, at any rate as far as a secretariat was concerned, a broad measure of international loyalty could be achieved. The staff of the ILO was maintained after the League's disbandment in 1946.
Until World War II the League of Nations was the only major international organization of its kind. Since then, international organizations have multiplied, and compared with most of them the League had a small staff. The postwar organizations include the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the European Community (EC; ultimately succeeded by the European Union [EU]), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. By the mid-1980s there were nearly 20,000 smaller bodies, ranging from the Nordic Council to small research institutes.
International organizations have evolved into two general types. In the first—an example of which is the EU—a genuinely supranational civil service exists; its members have a career structure within the organization and can identify with it. In the second (the UN, for instance), officials undertake a particular job for a limited period and seldom develop a career within the organization. In the EU the civil service is divided into several grades, recruitment to the service generally being through competitive examination. After recruitment a period of training follows. Each agency within the UN operates its own recruitment system. By far the majority of senior appointees assigned to the UN at any one time have served there for less than 15 years.
In both types of international organization, there is a danger that officials will promote the interests of their own country to the detriment of internationalism. In the UN a quota system operates by which each country is allocated a number of appointments in proportion to its UN budget contribution. As a result, some national governments are in a strong position to influence recruitment. In contrast, the statutes governing the EU's civil service forbid quotas, but an unofficial system has developed whereby a relatively high proportion of senior officials are from the more populous states. Such practices risk sacrificing meritocracy to nationalism.
Some countries do expect their nationals working at the UN to promote national interests. But the quota system—and this is one of the arguments for it—leads to administrators from at least the more prosperous countries competing with fellow nationals rather than with colleagues from other countries. Moreover, it is unlikely that decisions, whether biased or not, will be made in the bureaucracy alone. And since officials' national origins are no secret, partiality is fairly difficult to conceal.Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges Edward C. Page
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
public administration…connotation traditionally attached to the civil service has been either consciously abandoned or avoided, with the result that professional recognition has come slowly and only partially.…
France: Civil serviceThe largest groups of employees are those in national education and the postal system. As in the judicial system, French administration has been strongly marked by a strict hierarchy since the time of Napoleon. Civil servants are grouped into different corps and different…
ancient Rome: Hadrian and the other Antonine emperors…were employed in the imperial civil service, more even than under Domitian. By now the formative days of the civil service were over; its bureaucratic phase was beginning, and it offered those equites who had no military aspirations an attractive, purely civilian career. Formal titles now marked the different equestrian…
history of Mesopotamia: Ashurbanipal (668–627) and Shamash-shum-ukin (668–648)…areas of a highly developed civil service under the leadership of trained officers. The highest ranking civil servant carried the title of
tartān, a Hurrian word. The tartāns also represented the king during his absence. In descending rank were the palace overseer, the main cupbearer, the palace administrator, and the…
ancient Egypt: Ahmose…schools, reinforcing the integration of civil and priestly sectors. Early in the dynasty many administrative posts were inherited, but royal appointment of capable officials, often selected from military officers who had served the king on his campaigns, later became the rule. The trend was thus away from bureaucratic families and…
More About Civil service13 references found in Britannica articles
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- In tenure
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- 18th-dynasty Egypt
- France
- Frederick II's reign
- international government


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The History of Mary Prince, A West Indian Slave -Page 18
Author: Prince, Mary
Medium: Letterpress
Date: 1831
Text of 'The History of Mary Prince.' It was published in 1831 and was the first substantial account of the life of an enslaved woman. One of the worst periods of Mary's time in the Caribbean was the 10 years she spent on Grand Turk island working in the salt ponds. The labour left her feet deformed and in great pain. She also both witnessed and endured beatings and sexual harassment. Despite the pain it caused her to recall her experiences, Mary wanted her readers to understand the brutality of the slavery system and hoped that her story might encourage support for the anti-slavery movement.


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REVIEW: Stephen Dorff Almost Gets a Break in Brake
If Stephen Dorff's career never soared as high as he might have liked, the fact that it's getting more interesting all the time must be some consolation. For someone who might not be considered a big movie star, Dorff has the distinct movie-star habit of seeming to play himself, even when he's playing a big movie star. In Sofia Coppola's Somewhere and now in Brake, he appears to be the same flannel- and faded jeans-clad heartbreaker from the Aerosmith years. Dorff had the persona in place from the start; it's the pictures that got small.
more »


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Painting with Vodka, Tea & Beer
As if tea and booze weren't useful enough as we slogged our way through this looooong winter, several savvy artists- and one parent- have found ways to incorporate the delicious drinks into their art...
- Honestly...WTF recently featured the gorgeous work of Carne Griffiths (1st image), who paints with ink, tea, brandy, and vodka. I had a terrible time picking a favorite: "Beautiful Decay", above, is available both as a limited-edition giclee print and as part of a postcard set.
- Anna Mazek paints with a combination of acrylic paint and vodka, and sometimes aluminum foil and bleach (2nd image). According to the BBC, she adds "vodka, bleach and tinfoil to her paints to create a marble effect which reflects light from her land and seascape pictures."
- Gurney Journey shares the helpful tip that if you're painting with watercolors outside in below-freezing weather, you should dampen your paints with vodka rather than water, so the paint doesn't freeze. Genius!
- Make Do + Home let her little ones paint with a variety of steeped-then-chilled teabags. They loved the colorful drips and fascinating smells!
- Karen Eland of BeerPainter paints with...beer. I think the botanical drawings of hops and wheat and barley are the most appropriate.
(Images as credited above.)
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- Publish date:
- Updated on
- Year
- 1944
Tootsie actress Teri Garr born
On this day in 1944, the actress Teri Garr, who will rise to fame in Hollywood in the 1970s with such hit films as Oh, God! and Close Encounters of the Third Kind, is born in Lakewood, Ohio.
Garr was born into a show business family: Her father was a vaudeville performer and her mother was a Rockette. After launching her own performing career as a dancer, she made her film debut with a tiny role in 1963's A Swingin' Affair. She went on to appear in a string of Elvis Presley films, including Fun in Acapulco (1963), Kissin' Cousins (1964), Viva Las Vegas (1964) and Clambake (1967). In the early 1970s, Garr was a regular on such TV shows as The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour. Garr's big-screen breakthrough came in 1974, when she was featured in writer-director Francis Ford Coppola's The Conversation, a psychological thriller starring Gene Hackman as a surveillance expert. The film received three Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture. That same year, the blonde actress played Dr. Frankenstein's pretty lab assistant Inga in director Mel Brooks' hit horror spoof Young Frankenstein, which co-starred Gene Wilder, Peter Boyle, Marty Feldman, Madeline Kahn and Cloris Leachman.
In 1977, Garr co-starred in director Carl Reiner's Oh, God!, playing the skeptical wife of a supermarket manager (played by John Denver) who is picked by God (George Burns) to spread his message. In Steven Spielberg's multiple Oscar-nominated hit Close Encounters of the Third Kind later that year, Garr played another disapproving mate, this time of a cable guy (Richard Dreyfuss) who displays increasingly strange and obsessive behavior after an encounter with a UFO. In 1979, Garr appeared in The Black Stallion, based on the classic children's novel by Walter Farley.
In 1982, Garr co-starred in Tootsie, writer-director Sydney Pollack's comedy about an out-of-work actor, played by Dustin Hoffman, who dresses in drag to land a role. The film was a huge box-office success and earned nine Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Supporting Actress for Garr's portrayal of Sandy Lester, the neurotic actress friend of Hoffman's character. Garr lost the Oscar to her Tootsie cast mate, Jessica Lange, who played a soap actress for whom Hoffman's character falls.
Garr went on to appear in such films as Mr. Mom (1983), with Michael Keaton, After Hours (1985), Mom and Dad Save the World (1992) and Dumb & Dumber (1994). Known for her comedic talents, she's hosted Saturday Night Live several times and has been a frequent guest on The Late Show with David Letterman. Garr also appeared on the hit sitcom Friends as the estranged biological mother of Phoebe Buffay, played by Lisa Kudrow.
In 2002, Garr publicly announced that she has been suffering from multiple sclerosis for a number of years. Since then, she has been a dedicated advocate for awareness of the disease. Garr published an autobiography, Speedbumps, in 2005.


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Do you know what to look for in a Mold Contractor? If you are not sure, we are here to help! Read below for great tips! To find a great mold contractor, start by making sure the contractor is qualified… Read More
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How to Find a High Quality Mold Contractor
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Poitrine d' agneau farci? My french is many years unused, and thus crap. But I do know that to cook an unfamiliar and odd-ball bit of meat, turn to the French. Breast of lamb sounds much more exclusive than brisket, but it's just brisket, and it's one of the cheapest lamb cuts, available at £1.50 for 500g ($2.75/lb). I think that it's a sign of the lean economic times that lamb breast is appearing in the high street grocery stores, where I hadn't seen it before, and it sent me off to research. Breast of lamb is a succulent if somewhat fatty cut, and very tasty. Once cooked, the meat is easy to remove from the fat, if you like, peeling like sheets of phyllo, and those fatty layers preserve a lot of flavour and keep the meat in a delicate and juicy state. But it's hardly heart-friendly.
As for the French sources, Larousse Gastronomic and Cordon Blue agreed that slow and low was the way to go. I sauteed in olive oil onion, garlic, a great deal of rosemary and (gluten-free, egg-free) bread crumbs for the stuffing, and rolled it up in the meat to tie. I seared the joint over smoking sunflower oil, then removed it so that quarters of onion and carrot could be coloured, too. I returned the meat to the pot, blessed it with half a bottle of white wine, covered and roasted it for one-hour forty-five minutes at 160C (325F). During it's well-deserved rest afterward, I strained the remainder and thought about making a gravy, but decided to take my own rest, finish the bottle of wine instead and just serve the defatted juices. Maybe I fell down on the frenchness at the end there: I was supposed to make a proper sauce, but I just drank instead. Oh, well: au jus! Voila!
This really was new to me, breast of lamb; incredibly I'd never heard of it before. When I looked it up on the butchery diagram, it was of course the part of the lamb where another lamb would suckle if the lamb in question ever became a ewe (which would make the agneau an agnelle, I think). The beef equivalent is, as I said, brisket, and the pork, belly. But the best known breasts in grocery store are of course on the poultry. I'd never considered this before: I suppose I can understand the name as intuitive in a way, but I grew up with chickens in my backyard, and not in eighteen years did I see one breastfeed. Just a thought.


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Festus wrote:As far as the live PTO - I remember as a kid the Super H I have had a clutch in the rear housing that the pto shaft extends from. It was a live power of sorts it seems to me. There was a problem with it many years ago and evidently it was replaced with the shaft and housing from a donor H. Was this the B&M product or was it factory IH? I would love to have this set up back on The Super H!
If it was a live PTO on a Super H, it was NOT a factory IH option. It would have to be M&W, seems like maybe Heisler made one too.
I think it would have mounted in place of one of the brake assemblies.