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Publications: Partridge, Gavin
Journal Article
Partridge, G.J., Rao, S., Woolley, L., Pilmer, L., Lymbery, A.J. and Prestidge, C.A. (2018) Bioavailability and palatability of praziquantel incorporated into solid-lipid nanoparticles fed to yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 218 . pp. 14-20.
Siddik, M.A.B., Howieson, J., Partridge, G.J., Fotedar, R. and Gholipourkanani, H. (2018) Dietary tuna hydrolysate modulates growth performance, immune response, intestinal morphology and resistance to Streptococcus iniae in juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer. Scientific Reports, 8 (1). article 15942.
Partridge, G.J., Ginbey, B.M., Woolley, L.D., Fairclough, D.V., Crisafulli, B., Chaplin, J., Prokop, N., Dias, J., Bertram, A. and Jenkins, G.I. (2017) Development of techniques for the collection and culture of wild-caught fertilised snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) eggs for stock enhancement purposes. Fisheries Research, 186 (Part 2). pp. 524-530.
Crisp, J.A., Partridge, G.J., D'Souza, F.M.L., Tweedley, J.R. and Moheimani, N.R. (2017) Effects of temperature and salinity on larval survival and development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli. International Aquatic Research, 9 (1). pp. 1-10.
Crisp, J.A., D'Souza, F.M.L., Tweedley, J.R., Partridge, G.J. and Moheimani, N.R. (2017) Performance of Mixed Species and Mono-specific Algal Diets for Culture of Larval Western School Prawns, Metapenaeus dalli. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 49 (5). pp. 845-856.
Crisp, J.A., D'Souza, F.M.L., Tweedley, J.R., Partridge, G.J. and Moheimani, N.R. (2017) Quantitative determination of ovarian development in penaeid prawns (Decapoda: Penaeidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 37 (1). pp. 81-89.
Partridge, G.J., Burge, T. and Lymbery, A.J. (2017) A comparison of the palatability of racemic praziquantel and its two enantioseparated isomers in yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi (Valenciennes, 1833). Aquaculture Research, 48 (4). pp. 1735-1743.
Partridge, G.J. and Woolley, L.D. (2017) The performance of larval Seriola lalandi (Valenciennes, 1833) is affected by the taurine content of the Artemiaon which they are fed. Aquaculture Research, 48 (3). pp. 1260-1268.
Crisp, J.A., Tweedley, J.R., D'Souza, F.M.L., Partridge, G.J. and Moheimani, N.R. (2016) Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory. Journal of Natural History, 50 (27-28). pp. 1699-1724.
Woolley, L.D. and Partridge, G.J. (2016) The effect of different rotifer feeding regimes on the growth and survival of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi (Valenciennes, 1833) larvae. Aquaculture Research, 47 (9). pp. 2723-2731.
Blanco Garcia, A., Partridge, G.J., Flik, G., Roques, J.A.C. and Abbink, W. (2015) Ambient salinity and osmoregulation, energy metabolism and growth in juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833) in a recirculating aquaculture system. Aquaculture Research, 46 (11). pp. 2789-2797.
Partridge, G.J., Michael, R.J. and Thuillier, L. (2014) Praziquantel form, dietary application method and dietary inclusion level affect palatability and efficacy against monogenean parasites in yellowtail kingfish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 109 (2). pp. 155-163.
Le, K.T., Fotedar, R. and Partridge, G. (2014) Selenium and vitamin E interaction in the nutrition of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi): physiological and immune responses. Aquaculture Nutrition, 20 (3). pp. 303-313.
Lymbery, A.J., Kay, G.D., Doupé, R.G., Partridge, G.J. and Norman, H.C. (2013) The potential of a salt-tolerant plant (Distichlis spicata cv. NyPa Forage) to treat effluent from inland saline aquaculture and provide livestock feed on salt-affected farmland. Science of The Total Environment, 445-446 . pp. 192-201.
Woolley, L.D., Partridge, G.J. and Qin, J.G. (2012) Mortality reduction in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) larval rearing by optimising Artemia feeding regimes. Aquaculture, 344-349 . pp. 161-167.
Abbink, W., Blanco Garcia, A., Roques, J.A.C., Partridge, G.J., Kloet, Kees and Schneider, O. (2012) The effect of temperature and pH on the growth and physiological response of juvenile yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquaculture, 330-333 (17 February). pp. 130-135.
Partridge, G.J., Benetti, D.D., Stieglitz, J.D., Hutapea, J., McIntyre, A., Chen, B., Hutchinson, W. and Scholey, V.P. (2011) The effect of a 24-hour photoperiod on the survival, growth and swim bladder inflation of pre-flexion yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) larvae. Aquaculture, 318 (3-4). pp. 471-474.
Partridge, G.J. and Michael, R.J. (2010) Direct and indirect effects of simulated calcareous dredge material on eggs and larvae of pink snapper Pagrus auratus. Journal of Fish Biology, 77 (1). pp. 227-240.
Michael, R.J, Partridge, G.J., Hofmann, T. and Caro, E.D (2010) Evaluation of mosquito fish Gambusia holbrooki (Girard) as a partial and complete pellet replacement for juvenile barramundi Lates calcarifer (Bloch). Aquaculture Research, 41 (11). e788-e794.
Partridge, G.J. and Lymbery, A.J. (2009) Effects of manganese on juvenile mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) cultured in water with varying salinity-Implications for inland mariculture. Aquaculture, 290 (3-4). pp. 311-316.
Partridge, G.J., Jenkins, G.I., Doupé, R.G., DeLestang, S., Ginbey, B.M. and French, D. (2009) Factors affecting mark quality of alizarin complexone-stained otoliths in juvenile black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri and a prescription for dosage. Journal of Fish Biology, 75 (6). pp. 1518-1523.
Partridge, G.J., Lymbery, A.J. and George, R.J. (2008) Finfish Mariculture in Inland Australia: A Review of Potential Water Sources, Species, and Production Systems. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 39 (3). pp. 291-310.
Partridge, G.J., Lymbery, A. and Bourke, D. (2008) Larval rearing of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in saline groundwater. Aquaculture, 278 (1-4). pp. 171-174.
Partridge, G.J. and Lymbery, A. (2008) The effect of salinity on the requirement for potassium by barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in saline groundwater. Aquaculture, 278 (1-4). pp. 164-170.
Curnow, J., King, J., Partridge, G. and Kolkovski, S. (2006) Effects of two commercial microdiets on growth and survival of barramundi (Lates calcarifer Bloch) larvae within various early weaning protocols. Aquaculture Nutrition, 12 (4). pp. 247-255.
Partridge, G.J., Sarre, G.A., Ginbey, B.M., Kay, G.D. and Jenkins, G.I. (2006) Finfish production in a static, inland saline water body using a Semi-Intensive Floating Tank System (SIFTS). Aquacultural Engineering, 35 (2). pp. 109-121.
Doupé, R.G., Sarre, G.A., Partridge, G.J., Lymbery, A.J. and Jenkins, G.I. (2005) What are the prospects for black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri (Munro) aquaculture in salt-affected inland Australia? Aquaculture Research, 36 (14). pp. 1345-1355.
Partridge, G.J., Sarre, G.A., Hall, N.G., Jenkins, G.I., Chaplin, J. and Potter, I.C. (2004) Comparisons between the growth of Acanthopagrus butcheri cultured from broodstock from two estuarine populations that are reproductively isolated and differ markedly in growth rate. Aquaculture, 231 (1-4). pp. 51-58.
Partridge, G.J. and Creeper, J. (2004) Skeletal myopathy in juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), cultured in potassium-deficient saline groundwater. Journal of Fish Diseases, 27 (9). pp. 523-530.
Doupé, R.G., Partridge, G.J. and Lymbery, A.J. (2003) Visible implant fluorescent elastomer tags as pedigree markers for applied aquaculture: an evaluation using black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri. Aquaculture Research, 34 (8). pp. 681-683.
Doupé, R., Lymbery, A., Sarre, G., Jenkins, G., Partridge, G. and George, R. (2003) The national research and development plan for commercial inland saline aquaculture: a view from afar. Natural Resource Management, 6 (1). pp. 31-34.
Partridge, G.J. and Jenkins, G.I. (2002) The effect of salinity on growth and survival of juvenile black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri). Aquaculture, 210 (1-4). pp. 219-230.
Partridge, G.J. and Southgate, P.C. (1999) The effect of binder composition on ingestion and assimilation of microbound diets (MBD) by barramundi Lates calcarifer Bloch larvae. Aquaculture Research, 30 (11-12). pp. 879-886.
Conference Item
Partridge, G., Jenkins, G., Ginbey, B., Wolley, L., Fairclough, D., Chaplin, J., Prokop, N., Dias, J. and Bertram, A. (2015) The development of techniques for the collection of fertilised snapper Chrysophrys auratus eggs from Cockburn Sound spawning aggregations and their culture for enhancement purposes. In: ASFB Conference, 11 - 14 October, Sydney, Australia.
Book Chapter
Benetti, D.D., Partridge, G.J. and Stieglitz, J. (2015) Overview on status and technological advances in tuna aquaculture around the world. In: Benetti, D.D., Partridge, G.J. and Buentello, A., (eds.) Advances in Tuna Aquaculture: From Hatchery to Market. Elsevier Inc., San Diego, pp. 1-19.
Buentello, A., Seoka, M., Kato, K. and Partridge, G.J. (2015) Tuna Farming in Japan and Mexico. In: Benetti, D.D., Partridge, G. and Buentello, A. (eds), (eds.) Advances in tuna aquaculture: From hatchery to market. Elsevier Ltd, San Diego, pp. 189-215.
Partridge, G.J. (2013) Closed-cycle hatchery production of tuna. In: Allan, G. and Burnell, G., (eds.) Advances in Aquaculture Hatchery Technology. Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, UK, pp. 457-497.
Benetti, D.D., Partridge, G. and Buentello, A. (eds) (2015) Advances in tuna aquaculture: From hatchery to market. Elsevier Inc., San Diego.
Partridge, Gavin (2008) Inland saline aquaculture: overcoming biological and technical constraints towards the development of an industry. PhD thesis, Murdoch University.
Jenkins, G.I., French, D.J.W., Potter, I.C., de Lestang, S., Hall, N., Partridge, G.J., Hesp, S.A. and Sarre, G.A. (2006) Restocking the Blackwood River Estuary with the Black Bream Acanthopagrus butcheri. Fisheries Research and Development Corporation Report
Sarre, G.A., Partridge, G.J., Jenkins, G.I., Potter, I.C. and Tiivel, D.J. (2003) Factors required for the successful aquaculture of black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) in inland water bodies. Fisheries Research and Development Corporation


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Teacup Yorkshire Terrier Puppies, Teacup Yorkie Maltese Puppies, Teacup Pomeranian Puppies, Teacup Havanese Puppies, Teacup Morkie Puppies In Washington DC Area
We got our precious puppy from DC Pups 6 months ago. Our 3 year old daughter named him BEAR. He is the BEST fit for our family! He is sweet, caring, loving, loyal, and very smart! He ADORES snuggling and gets hours of snuggling in every single day! It is well understood why this breed was originally bred to be therapy dogs, because he has brought nothing but happiness, laughter, and joy to our home! Our daughter has Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. Her disease is the equivalent to the elderly form and is very severe. She has a lot of bad days where she is in constant pain. Bear puts a smile on her face. She was recently admitted into a hospital for 2 weeks and all she could talk about was how much she missed her Bear. We recommend DC Pups to EVERYONE who is thinking about getting a dog, especially the Teddy Bear breed because everyone who meets Bear, INSTANTLY falls in love! He has become our best friend and a massive part of the family-- he even has his own ornament on the Christmas tree! Thank you so much DC Pups for providing our home with the BEST DOG IN THE WORLD!!! We love him so much and can't imagine our lives without him! DC Pups provided us with the best start for our baby and ensured that his new home/ the transition went as smooth as possible. We recommend DC PUPS to anyone and everyone! They truly provide your family with a life-long friend through their caring, compassionate, and friendly nature. Thank you again from the bottom of our hearts!!
|Yorkshire Terrier
|10 weeks old

subset: commoncrawl


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News & Events
For the Media
Sitaraman Krishnan Receives Tenure & Promotion to Associate Professor at Clarkson University
Clarkson University President Tony Collins has announced that Sitaraman Krishnan has been granted tenure and promoted from assistant professor to associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering in the Wallace H. Coulter School of Engineering.
After graduating from Lehigh University with a Ph.D. degree in chemical engineering, he was a postdoctoral researcher and a research associate in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Cornell University. Krishnan joined Clarkson in 2007.
His research interests are in the science and engineering of novel materials, focusing on nanostructured and stimulus-responsive polymer-based materials. Krishnan has authored or co-authored more than 30 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, nine patent applications, and more than 40 oral or poster presentations at national conferences.
Krishnan's publications have spanned a wide range of topics in advanced materials research, from fundamental investigations of molecular self-assembly in liquid-crystalline polymers, proton diffusion mechanisms in ionic liquids, particle nucleation mechanisms in multiphase polymerization reactions, and statistical theory of gelation, to applied research in the areas of marine antifouling coatings, stimulus-responsive microgels for controlled release, materials for lithium-ion batteries, PEM fuel cells and solar cells, and the industrial processes of emulsion polymerization and chemical mechanical planarization.
At Clarkson, Krishnan has been a principal investigator of research projects for companies such as GE, New World Pharmaceuticals, and Energy Materials Corporation, and of projects for federal and state agencies, such as the Army Research Office and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. He has mentored 12 graduate students, as well as several undergraduate students at Clarkson.
Courses taught by Krishnan include advanced chemical engineering thermodynamics, applied phase and chemical equilibria, chemical reactor analysis, mass transfer, polymer materials, biomaterials and biomedical applications, and introduction to research and graduate study.
Krishnan is the faculty advisor for the Delta Chapter of the Omega Chi Epsilon Chemical Engineering Honors Society and a member of the Undergraduate Research Committee in the Coulter School of Engineering.
He is a member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, the American Chemical Society, the Society of Plastics Engineers, the American Society for Engineering Education, and the Sigma Xi Scientific Research Society.
He has served as a reviewer for approximately 20 professional journals, and for funding agencies such as the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and the Romanian National Council for Development and Innovation.
Clarkson University launches leaders into the global economy. One in five alumni already leads as a CEO, VP or equivalent senior executive of a company. Located just outside the Adirondack Park in Potsdam, N.Y., Clarkson is a nationally recognized research university for undergraduates with select graduate programs in signature areas of academic excellence directed toward the world's pressing issues. Through 50 rigorous programs of study in engineering, business, arts, sciences and health sciences, the entire learning-living community spans boundaries across disciplines, nations and cultures to build powers of observation, challenge the status quo, and connect discovery and engineering innovation with enterprise.
[A photograph for media use is available at http://www.clarkson.edu/news/photos/skrishnan.jpg .]


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Special Order
Product Highlights
Type: Soft-Edge Graduated NDHard-Edge Graduated ND
Special Order
Special Order
Not available with current selections
Size: 150 x 225mm
150 x 225mm
This item is noncancelable and nonreturnable.
Ideal for photographing in high contrast situations, the 150 x 225mm Galen Rowell Graduated Neutral Density 1.2 Soft-Edge Filter from Singh-Ray helps to balance exposures and produce imagery with greater highlight and shadow detail. The filter's design places the 1.2, 4-stop density at the top of the filter and then transitions to clear by the center of the filter for a gradual, natural appearance. The soft-edge transition between the density and clear areas is well-suited for photographing scenes with an uneven or indistinct horizon line, as well as when working with a wide-angle lens. This filter is constructed from optical resin that is both durable and helps to maintain high clarity, and is compatible with the LEE SW150 filter holder.
|Filter Type
|Graduated ND
|Graduation Type
|Soft Edge
|1.2 (4 Stops)
|Rectangular Size
|5.9 x 8.9" / 150.0 x 225.0 mm
|Filter Material
|Packaging Info
|Package Weight
|0.4 lb
|Box Dimensions (LxWxH)
|10.1 x 6.7 x 0.6"


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Online Hotel Reservation Service
Your one step booking site in Chiang Mai
Chiangmai-hotel.com offers you the best deal for Hotels in Chiang Mai. We guarantee wide
range of hotel selection, categories and the best rates that will suite your taste and budget
thus giving you a leeway to perfectly plan your holiday. We are partner with Agoda.com, an
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As the transportation hub for the north, Chiang Mai can be reached via car, bus, train, or plane. Once there, it is
possible to rent a car or motorbike, or get around via local transportation including songtaew, bus, samlor, and tuk tuk.
Getting to and from Chiang Mai
By Train:
Express and rapid trains operated by the State Railways of Thailand leave for Chiang Mai from Bangkok's Hua
Lumphong Station six times a day from 8.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m. The trip takes about 11-12 hours on an express train.
For more information, contact tel. 1690, or 02 223 7010, 02 223 7020. Chiang Mai Railway Station, tel. (053) 24 2094,
244 795, .247 462 245 363-4
By Car:
Driving from Bangkok takes approximately 8 hours and is best by one of the following routes:
Route 1: Drive on Highway No.1 (Phahonyothin Road) and turn left to Highway No.32 (Asian Highway) which passes
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Ang Thong, and Nakhon Sawan; then take Highway No. 117 to Phitsanulok and Highway
No. 11 through Lampang and Lamphun to Chiang Mai. The total distance is 695 kilometers.
Route 2: Follow route 1 to Nakhon Sawan and then take Highway No. 1 through Kamphaeng Phet, Tak, and Lampang
until you arrive in Chiang Mai. The total distance is 696 kilometers.
By Bus:
From Bangkok there are ordinary, 2nd class, and 1st class air-conditioned busses leaving throughout the day from
Bangkok's Northern Bus Terminal (Mo Chit 2) for Chiang Mai (8.00 a.m. to 09.00 p.m.) Call 02 936 3600, 02 936 2852,
and 02 937 8055 for an updated bus timetable.
Private buses, which can be conveniently booked in tourist centers in Bangkok, are also available. However, the public
busses from the Northern Bus Terminal are generally more reliable. The journey takes approximately 10-12 hours,
depending on traffic.
From other provinces, including Mae Sai, Chiang Saen, Chiang Rai, Nan, Phayao, Phrae, Lampang, Lamphun,
Phitsanulok, Sukhothai, Mae Hong Son, Mae Sot, Mae Sariang, Khon Kaen, Nakhon Ratchasima (Khorat), and Udon
Thani, there are direct busses that service the Chiang Mai Arcade Bus Station. Contact tel: 0 5324 2664 for an
updated bus timetable.
By Air:
Domestic airlines, including Thai Airways, Bangkok Airways, Thai AirAsia, and Nok Air, operate several flights daily
between Bangkok and Chiang Mai. Depending on where you are flying from, one of these airlines can also fly you
directly to Chiang Mai from Mae Hong Son, Pai, Chiang Rai, and Koh Samui.
From international destinations, visitors can fly directly to Chiang Mai on a number of domestic and international air
carriers. While these routes are subject to their economic viability for individual airlines, it is usually possible to fly
directly to Chiang Mai from Kuala Lumpur, Luang Prabang, Singapore, Vientiane, and Yangon. International airlines
servicing Chiang Mai from those destinations include Silk Air, Lao Airlines, and Mandalay Air.
Getting Around Chiang Mai
To/From the Airport:
There is a licensed airport taxi service available at the taxi kiosk outside the baggage-claim area. Purchase a ticket
and present it to the drivers waiting by the arrivals exit area (on your left as you leave baggage claim). The trip will cost
approximately 100 baht for a sedan car that seats 4-5 people (with luggage).
From the airport, train station and bus terminal, you can easily get a ride in share songtaew (red mini-bus). To charter
a minibus or car, please check the correct fare at the TAT counter first.
Normally, first-class hotels provide complimentary transportation between the airport, railway station, or bus terminals
and the hotel for guests who have made advance reservations.
Around Town:
By Samlor or Tuk-Tuk:
For relative short distances you can take a samlor or tuk-tuk, three-wheel cabs that are respectively pedal or motor
powered. Fares must be bargained in advance. Short rides within the city cost between 20 and 30 baht. Longer rides
may cost as much as 50 baht.
By Taxi:
Meter taxis, nearly identical to those running around Bangkok, are now available in Chiang Mai, where fares likewise
begin at 35 baht.
By Songtaew:
Songtaews (red pickup trucks with benches in the covered flatbed portion of the truck) are the most common means of
transportation in Chiang Mai. Passengers can hop in and out as they wish. Simply tell the driver the destination and
negotiate the price before boarding. Fares range from 10-20 baht depending on the distance, considerably more for
long rides up to Doi Suthep, where the songtaew will wait for you to explore and then return you to town, stopping at
various sights, such as the zoo, along the way if you wish.
By Bicycle:
Some travelers prefer to ride bicycles around the city as most of the roads and alleys are accessible by bicycle.
Bicycles can be rented from bicycle shops and certain guesthouses.
Around the Province:
By Bus:
If you travel to any districts in Chiang Mai, use the Chang Phuak Bus Terminal located on Chotana Road, tel. 053 211
586. Destinations include those located along the northern route (Highway No. 107) which passes through Mae Rim,
Mae Taeng, Chiang Dao, Chaiprakan, Fang and Mae Ai. Some buses continue to Tha Ton, the northern-most district
of Chiang Mai.
By Rental Car:
All major international car rental companies, such as AVIS, Budget, and Hertz, as well as Thai car rental companies,
have various vehicles for rent and are ready to provide suggestions on travel itineraries. The easiest way to locate a car
rental company is to ask at the airport or a major hotel, as those are the places where most rental agency offices are
While most Chiang Mai roads are in good condition with signs posted in English, be aware that only Commercial First
Class Insurance provides full coverage on rental cars (as opposed to limited personal or third party only insurance).
Most international car rental agencies will offer this insurance (some only for those with a valid international driver's
license) while local companies may or may not. You may wish to request a copy of their insurance policy and ensure
that it states "For Commercial Use". Regardless, inspect rental vehicles prior to rental and drive with caution,
particularly as traffic in Thailand can be quite confusing, especially the habit of Thai motorcycles drivers to drive on the
wrong side of the road.
By Motorbike:
For anywhere from 150 to 1,000 baht per day you can hire your own motorbike, which will typically require you to leave
your passport as a deposit. Be sure to inspect bikes prior to rental and drive with extreme caution as rental
motorbikes are not normally insured and accidents are frequent. Helmets are required by Thai law and foreign visitors
unfamiliar with either driving motorbikes or driving in Thailand should drive carefully and obey all local traffic rules (there
are numerous one way streets in Chiang Mai city).
How to go to Chiang Mai?
Provided by Tourism Authority of Thailand
Chiang Mai
Hotel Network


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|My treasured heart rate monitor tells me when I've gone past my limits
I want to explain what I've learned in the last couple of months about how monitoring heart rate can help someone with ME/CFS to avoid post-exertional crashes. At the end of last year, I posted a link to an excellent article called "Pacing by Numbers: Using Your Heart Rate to Stay Inside the Energy Envelope," which explains how monitoring your pulse rate can help you to stay within your limits and avoid the crashes we are all so familiar with. It's an excellent article - I highly recommend you read it - but I wanted to also tell you some of what I've learned from my own experiences recently.
I have no medical background (even though my family calls me Dr. Sue, Medicine Woman now!), so I will try to keep this simple, as I understand it, without too much medical jargon.
Why Do We Crash After Exertion?
We all know that one of the biggest and worst parts of ME/CFS is the exercise intolerance, also known as post-exertional malaise. When we do too much, we feel terrible the next day (and often the day after that, and so on). And "doing too much" for someone with ME/CFS could mean taking a shower or fixing lunch or taking a 10-minute walk. If you want to know more about post-exertional malaise, I recommend Jennie Spotila's excellent series of articles on PEM.
The reason WHY we feel so bad after exertion is because our cells don't handle oxygen the way they're supposed to, a condition known as oxidative stress. When normal, healthy people exercise, their heart rates gradually increase (which is good for them!), in a process called aerobic exercise. During this process, the cells are using oxygen in the energy-creating metabolic process within the mitochondria (kind of like tiny energy engines in our cells). If a healthy person exercises for a long time and/or at high intensity, their cells switch to anaerobic metabolism.
People with ME/CFS have an extremely low anaerobic threshold because our cells don't handle oxygen appropriately, so that our bodies switch to anaerobic metabolism with very little exertion. So, the effect of a short walk in someone with ME/CFS can be similar to the effects of a healthy person running a marathon.
According to the pacing article referenced above, you can calculate your anaerobic threshold using this formula:
(220 - your age) * 0.6 = anaerobic threshold (that is, 60% of your maximum heart rate)
I'm 45, so my anaerobic threshold is 105 beats per minute.
Note that this formula only provides an estimate of AT. The most accurate way to find out what yours is is to take part in a 2-day exercise test specifically designed for ME/CFS, but most of us don't have that opportunity. You can use the formula as an estimate and then test it out for yourself.
How Does OI Affect Post-Exertional Crashes?
Another significant factor in post-exertional crashes is Orthostatic Intolerance (OI), a condition that affects more than 97% of patients with ME/CFS (and about 75% of those with fibromyalgia and many with Lyme, too). OI is basically an inability to maintain a steady heart rate (HR) and/or blood pressure (BP) while upright, and it is behind many of the symptoms we experience as ME/CFS, even if you don't realize it (check out this past post on OI for more information).
Typically, OI causes our heart rate to increase and our blood pressure to decrease, often substantially, when we are upright, either sitting or standing (though there are some rare cases in ME/CFS where the BP increases when upright or in some cases BP and HR jump around - that is still OI). So, while a healthy 45-year old would probably not hit 105 beats per minute until she'd been exercising for a while, I can hit 105 just standing up. The result is that even minor exertion can put someone with ME/CFS over their anaerobic threshold.
Tracking Heart Rate
So, monitoring or keeping track of your heart rate can give you a solid, quantifiable way to know when you've passed your limits and are in danger of experiencing post-exertional malaise (i.e. a crash). You can check your pulse rate simply by touching your wrist or neck and counting the beats, but I highly recommend using a heart rate monitor.
I asked for and got a heart rate monitor for Christmas (thanks, honey!), and wearing it during my normal daily life has been enlightening. I planned to wear it when I took a walk or went shopping or something else exerting, so I could tell when I had done too much. On my first day, I decided to take a walk in our neighborhood, so I strapped it on, after calculating my anaerobic threshold (105). I was shocked to see that my heart rate just standing in the kitchen was already over 100! I bent down to tie my shoes, and my heart rate jumped up to 115!! And I hadn't even left the house yet.
I did take a 15-minute walk that day, as slowly and carefully as I could, but my average heart rate was 103 and the maximum (after I had my shoes on) was 110.
Over the course of the next week, I wore the heart rate monitor almost all the time during the day and watched it constantly (some might say obsessively). I found that it provided hard data to back up what I already knew about OI (I love data!).
Even lying down (what's known as resting heart rate), my heart rate rarely went below 90. Sitting on the couch with my feet up, it was often in the 90's or near 100. Standing up to make a cup of tea could drive it over 100. Taking a shower or putting in a load of laundry could spike it up to 130! One day in the library, I noticed it was close to 100 just walking around slowly, but when I crouched down to see something on a low shelf, it dropped to 75-80. I knew from Dr. Rowe's article on OI that crouching helped, but it was illuminating to see that for myself. I also noticed that it varied from day to day, depending on how I felt.
On a grocery shopping trip, I discovered - much to my surprise - that the part of shopping that drove my heart rate highest was carrying the groceries into the house. This was much more exerting to me than pushing the cart or walking around the store.
It was fascinating for me to see that my quietest day could easily put me over my anaerobic threshold fairly often. No wonder I rarely felt good - I was in a constant cycle of post-exertional crashes without even "doing" anything! I really had no idea that was happening.
Try it for yourself - monitor your heart rate for a few days. Find out where your own anaerobic threshold is and how much exertion it takes to put you over it. Experiment! Try various normal daily activities and see which ones are within your limits and which push you beyond them. Figure out how some simple changes can keep you from going past your threshold - maybe dividing tasks up into parts or resting in the middle or delegating certain things.
Choosing a Heart Rate Monitor (updated)
Although there are now many different kinds of wearable devices that can measure your heart rate, there are a couple of things to look for that you'll need specifically for ME/CFS. You want a heart rate monitor that continuously monitors your heart rate, giving a constant read-out. The kinds of devices that require you to push a button to check your heart rate aren't adequate for us. A large read-out that you can easily see is best. You also want to make sure that you can set audible alarms for heart rate that are custom to you. Some devices may just calculate your limits based on your age, but with ME/CFS, we are using it differently than that. You will set your upper limit to whatever your anaerobic threshold (AT) is, according to the formula above, and you want an audible alarm to inform you immediately if you hit that limit. Most newer models can link to a smart phone, so you can see your data.
Treating OI to Improve Stamina
For me, the monitoring only did so much - I was still over my limit during most daily tasks and could not manage even a short walk without crashing afterward. Then, I tried a new treatment that turned out to be life-changing for me! I now take beta blockers for my OI. Beta blockers block certain hormones in the body to bring heart rate down to more normal levels. As with everything else in ME/CFS, a lower dose is best for us, and it only takes a little bit to be effective (and too much beta blocker actually increases fatigue). Once I found the right beta blocker (there are several dozen to try) and the right dose for me (see tips in that link), my life was transformed. I could go grocery shopping, take walks, and get through normal daily activities, all without going over my limits and crashing. I still use my heart rate monitor, but now I only need it when I am doing something especially exerting, like walking or hiking.
Once you've determined where your limits are, you can try to stay within them as much as possible. This should result in feeling better, and then you can try to very slowly and gradually do a bit more. Treating Orthostatic Intolerance can help you to become even more active and further reduce post-exertional crashes. Good luck! Let me know about your own experiences in monitoring heart rate. And if you want to dig more in-depth into this topic or chat with others with ME/CFS using heart rate monitors, join the Facebook Group ME/CFS - Pacing with a Heart Monitor.
UPDATE AS OF 3/1/17: Five years after starting beta blockers - and with the help of my heart rate monitor - I have been able to greatly increase my physical stamina. I can now manage up to an hour of walking at a time. I love the outdoors, and I have been gradually increasing the lengths of hikes I can manage - I did 1.5 miles on hilly terrain last summer! I have also started slowly doing some weight training - mostly on my back to keep my heart rate low and in the morning when my beta blockers are working best. I can now work out with weights for about 15-20 minutes most mornings and have increased my muscle tone substantially (which further improves OI). I rarely crash from over-exertion anymore, which has been life-changing for me. Note that what I am describing is NOT the dreaded Graded Exercise Therapy (GET) - none of this would have been possible without first treating OI and also using my heart rate monitor to stay within my limits.
This is the latest version of the heart rate monitor I now use - I got mine 3 years ago, and it still works great (and no chest strap like the old ones!). I've found it to be very reliable and has a long battery life:


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|Val Midwest
Val Midwest is a 19 year old who used to be a so called real model. That was way to boring for her, she wanted something fun and exciting so here she is. She does nude videos and pictures and she also really loves her fan. She is awesome!


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turkey hunting and stream fishing combine for a great trip
Basic deer hunting seminars to be held
Ever thought about giving deer hunting a try? You can find all the information you need to know at a series of basic deer hunting seminars which will be held throughout the state this fall. The seminars are aimed at helping beginning deer hunters learn more about the sport and improving their chances for success this fall.
"These seminars are a great resource for hunters," said Alan Peoples, wildlife chief for the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. "The seminars will cover everything from finding a hunting spot to field care of venison."
Peoples added that other topics to be covered at the seminars include introduction to scouting techniques, basic regulations and permit requirements, biology of deer and more. Each seminar will be led by an Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation biologist and a state game warden, both of whom will be able to answer questions about deer and deer hunting.
For more information about deer hunting in Oklahoma, log onto www.wildlifedepartment.com. To find a hunter education course in your area call the hunter education hotline at (405) 521-4650 (24 hours a day).
Basic Deer Hunting Seminar Schedule
October 14, 2002 at 7:00 p.m.
Shawnee: Gordon Cooper Technology Center, 1 John C. Burton Blvd. (SE corner of I-40 and Hwy. 18 intersection).
October 15, 2002 (All seminars begin at 7:00 p.m. unless otherwise noted).
Alva: Northwest Technology Center, 1801 S. 11.
Ardmore: Southern Oklahoma Technology Center, 2610 Sam Noble Pkwy.
Atoka: Atoka Technology Center, Hwy 3.
Bartlesville: Highland Park Baptist Church, 300 SE Washington St.
Beaver: First Security Bank, 15 S. Douglas.
Broken Bow: Idabel Technology Center, Hwy 259 & Idabel By-Pass.
Hugo: Choctaw County Courthouse.
Kingfisher: Kingfisher Co. Fairgrounds, Exhibit Bldg., 300 S. 13th St.
Lawton: Lawton Public Library, 110 SW 4th.
Muskogee: Indian Capitol Tech Center, Room 500.
Oklahoma City: ODWC Auditorium, 1801 N. Lincoln, 6:30-9:00 p.m.
Okmulgee: East Central Electric Co-operative. South Wood Drive (Hwy 75).
Ponca City: Conoco Phillips, 4th St Clubhouse.
Pryor: Ag Center, Old Hwy 20 East.
Sallisaw: Sallisaw Civic Center, 111 N. Elm.
Stillwater: Life Science West Building, Rm 103.
Tahlequah: Indian Capitol Tech Center, 240 Vo-Tech Rd.
Tulsa: Broken Arrow Tech Center, E Base room, 4600 S. Olive.
Vinita: Chamber of Commerce Hospitality room, 125 S Scraper.
Woodward: Northwestern Electric, 2925 Williams Ave.
Yukon: Yukon High School Auditorium, 1000 Yukon Ave.
October 17, 2002 at 7:00 p.m. (unless otherwise noted).
Ada: Pontotoc Technology Center, Seminar Room C, 601 W 33rd St.
Altus: Altus Public Library, 421 N. Hudson.
Antlers: Push County Community Building 204 SW 4th.
Chickasha: Canadian Valley Technology Center, Room B, 1401 Michigan Dr.
Duncan: Stephens County Fairgrounds, 1618 S. 13th.
Durant: Bryan County Vo-Tech 810 Waldron Rd.
Elk City: Carnegie Hall, 215 Broadway.
Enid: Central Fire Station.
Guymon: OSU Extension Building, 301 N. Main.
McAlester: McAlester Technology Center, 301 Kiamichi Dr.
Miami: Miami Civic Center, Banquet Room, 129 5th St.
Norman: Moore-Norman Technology Center, Seminar Room, Franklin Ave. and 12th Ave., 6:30 - 9:00 p.m.
Poteau: Poteau Technology Center , Hwy 271 South.
Watonga: Blaine Co. Fair Grounds, Foley Building.
Weatherford: City Hall, 201 SW Main.
Don't wait, take hunter education now
In just a matter of a few weeks Oklahomans will have their first opportunity of the year to harvest a deer with a firearm. While that may seem like an eternity to many anxious hunters, time is growing short for finding a place to hunt, scouting and most importantly, completing a hunter education course.
"It is not too late, but time is running out," said Lance Meek, hunter education coordinator for the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. "We have already conducted well over 200 courses across the state. There will probably be about 50 more classes before deer season and those spots will fill up fast. I would suggest enrolling in the next class you can."
The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation offers classes all across the state throughout the year, with most courses being offered in late summer and early fall.
"Whether you are a first time hunter or a veteran of many hunting seasons taking a hunter education class is a great idea and in many cases it's the law," said Meek. "Often long-time hunters will take the class along with their kids or their spouses and everyone will pick up some useful information. You're never too old to learn, especially when it comes to safety."
Meek added that once students are certified they are eligible to hunt anywhere in the nation.
Oklahoma law requires 10 hours of hunter education and anyone under 16 years of age must successfully complete a hunter education course before hunting big game (deer, elk, antelope) during the primitive firearm or gun seasons. The law also requires that anyone born on or after Jan. 1, 1972, upon reaching 16 years of age, must exhibit a hunter safety certificate from the Wildlife Department or a like certificate from another state to purchase or receive any Oklahoma hunting license.
Hunters born after the above date, who purchased a lifetime license before they turned 16, must carry their hunter safety certification or proof of exemption with them while in the field. Hunters should pick up a copy of the "2002-2003 Oklahoma Hunting Guide" for complete information on hunting seasons and hunter education requirements.
Sportsmen can call the Department's hunter education hotline 24 hours a day at (405) 521-4650 or log onto the Department's Web site at www.wildlifedepartment.com.
Waurika Lake offers top notch fishing
In this day of versatility and multi-tasking, at least one southwest Oklahoma lake fits the bill perfectly. Lake Waurika, in Stephens County, is like a fishermen's smorgasbord. Anglers can catch big blue catfish at night, slab-size crappie in the morning and fierce-fighting hybrid striped bass in the afternoon.
"When one thing isn't biting, there is usually something else that is," said Nan Reese.
Reese should know. She runs the Waurika Lake Marina located near the dam and talks to fishermen everyday.
"It is really just an overall good fishing lake," Reese said. "There are people that come from all over to go fishing here. Some stay for an afternoon, others camp out for a week, but it seems like most of them come back again and again."
According to Reese, if one had to pick out a star of the lake it would most likely be the hybrid striped bass.
"Folks are catching good numbers of hybrids right now and it is picking up as the weather gets cooler," Reese said. "A long time ago people use to just catch them incidentally while they were fishing for largemouth bass, but more and more people are focusing specifically on hybrids. They are a lot of fun to catch."
The 14,400-acre reservoir is located four miles north of the town of Waurika and just over 10 miles south of the city of Duncan. Constructed by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers in 1977, the lake is nearly 11 miles long and encompasses over 80 miles of shoreline.
With ample camping, RV hook-ups, showers and restrooms, the lake attracts thousands of fishermen each year. Busy boat ramps and full campgrounds at Waurika are further testament that Oklahomans take their fishing seriously. In fact, according to a recent survey by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oklahomans spent over $500 million dollars on fishing related expenditures in 2001, more money than either Kansas or Arkansas.
Whether you are in the mood for running jug lines on a crisp fall night or spending the afternoon in a cozy, heated crappie dock, Waurika Lake is hard to beat.
Youth writing contest winners get a free hunt
Kids get out the pen and paper, an all-expenses paid antelope hunt in New Mexico is on the line. The deadline is quickly approaching to enter the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC) and Oklahoma Station Chapter Safari Club International (OSCSCI) youth writing contest. One talented boy and girl will win an antelope hunt in New Mexico that they will remember for a lifetime.
"The ODWC and OSCSCI annually conduct a youth writing contest during the fall," said Colin Berg, education section supervisor for the ODWC. "Oklahoma has a rich hunting heritage and the theme of the contest is Hunting: Sharing the Heritage."
Students aged 11-17 are eligible to enter the competition. Two (one boy & one girl) winning essays will be selected in an 11-14 age category, and two (one boy and one girl) winners will also be selected from youth aged 15-17.
Students in the 11-14 age category are competing for an all expense paid trip to the Apprentice Hunter Program at the YO Ranch in Mountain Home Texas. Winners in the 15-17 age category will receive an all expense paid antelope hunt in New Mexico. Funding for the trips is provided by OSCSCI.
"OSCSCI values Oklahoma's hunting heritage and that is why we are proud to sponsor the writing contest," said Sam Munhollon, OSCSCI education program coordinator. "Writing about their hunting heritage gives Oklahoma's youth a chance to keep in touch with the importance of honoring our heritage and it emphasizes the importance of passing on that heritage."
The winning student essays will be published in the OSCSCI newsletter Safari Trails, added Munhollon. Publication qualifies the winning entries for the National Youth Writing Contest sponsored by the Outdoor Writers Association of America. Several past winners have come from Oklahoma's state contest winners.
Essay contest rules and applications are available from the Department's Web site www.wildlifedepartment.com. Teachers are encouraged to log on to the site to find out more about the essay competition, and about a scholarship opportunity for educators to the American Wilderness Leadership School in Jackson, Wyoming.
Commission commends employees
Over two centuries of service, 215 years to be exact; that is the number of years of employment that was recognized at the Oklahoma Wildlife Conservation Commission meeting held Oct. 7 in Oklahoma City.
"It is these employees that make the Department what it is and we truly appreciate all their hard work and dedication," said Commission Chairman Lewis Stiles.
Johnny Herd, central region supervisor for the Wildlife Division, has been an outstanding ambassador for the Department and for the sportsmen of Oklahoma for 40 years, according to Department Director Greg Duffy.
"There were a bunch of hardworking, special people when I started in 1962 and there still are today," Herd told the board. "I consider this the best state agency there is."
Bennie Harner has worked for the Department for 30 years and is currently area manager for one of the state's premier recreation destinations, the Blue River Fishing and Hunting Area.
"You can see what type of manger Bennie is as soon as drive into the area," Duffy said. "He has taken a unique set of challenges and turned them into positives for the Department and for the citizens of Oklahoma."
Ron Folks, Department employee for 30 years, was recognized for his skills as a wildlife biologist at Kaw Wildlife Management Area.
"Kaw is one of the best all-around wildlife management areas in the state and Ron is a major reason why," Duffy said.
According to Folks, working for the Department means more than just a paycheck every month.
"Many people see their job as waking up and dreading going to work, if that is true, then I don't have a job, I have a lifestyle. I enjoy what I do and couldn't imagine doing anything else," Folks said.
Jack Witt, district 6 law enforcement chief, has been with the Department for 30 years.
"No matter what, Jack is there ready to help as a true public servant," Duffy said. "He is an asset to the Department, as well as the community."
Tom Wolf, fisheries technician, has been faithfully doing his job for a quarter of a century.
"No matter what the project is, Tom is ready to help. His willingness to assist wherever needed is greatly appreciated," Duffy said.
Gary Peterson, fisheries biologist, has served the fishermen of Oklahoma for 20 years.
"Gary has worked hard to provide the fishermen on lakes Tenkiller, Robert S. Kerr and Webbers Falls with the best fisheries possible," Duffy said. "His work on the Lower Illinois River has made it into one of the top fishing locations in the state."
Jim Edwards, state game warden for Pontotoc County, has served the Department for 20 years. In 1985 he was recognized as the wildlife professional of the year by the Oklahoma Bowhunters Council.
"Jim has done a great job in creating relationships with hunters and fishermen. He has done an outstanding job in representing the Department and his profession well," said Harland Stonecipher, wildlife conservation commission representative for district four.
Gene Gilliland, senior fisheries biologist, has become a leader in black bass management during his 20 years of service to the Department.
"Gene is respected throughout the nation and the state by both his fellow fisheries biologists and by bass fishermen," Duffy said. "He has done an excellent job of working with fishermen on the tournament circuit in the development of live fish release techniques."
In other business, Curtis Latham, Oklahoma game warden for Johnston County was recognized as the Officer of the Year by the Shikar Safari, a 50-year old hunting and conservation organization.
"Curtis is an excellent example of what a game warden should be and all his efforts are truly appreciated," said Bill Crawford, representing Shikar Safari and former Wildlife Conservation Commission member.
Bruce Robson, of Tulsa, was presented with the Oklahoma Landowner of the Year award. Robson's love for hunting, fishing and proper land management is evident on his 10,700 acre Kiamichi Ranch.
Commissioners voted unanimously to accept a donation of $5,290 from the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation.
"It has been a pleasure to work with Wildlife Department biologists and we are proud to help elk and the Oklahoman sportsmen," said Randy Porterfield, regional director for the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation.
The money will be used to improve habitat on Cookson Hills Wildlife Management Area. The goal of the project is to clear approximately 22 acres of timber to create a wildlife opening and return 42 acres of prairie to native grasses.
The Commission also accepted a donation of $3,000 from Pheasants Forever. The money will go to the Playa Lakes Initiative, a new landowner incentive program in northwest Oklahoma.
"We think the Playa Lakes Initiative is a great program and we are proud to help in any way we can," said Ray Schoonover, chairman for the Enid chapter of Pheasants Forever.
Eric Jones with Strategic Consulting International gave a presentation to the commissioners on the possibilities of new Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology.
"The GIS program is an important tool for the management of data," said Ron Suttles, natural resources coordinator for the Department. "Having this data in an accessible format will allow us to make better, more informed management decisions in the future."
Commissioners also heard a presentation from Jose Torres with Honeywell on ways the Department can optimize energy use within the central office building.
The Wildlife Conservation Commission is the eight-member governing board of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. The Wildlife Commission establishes state hunting and fishing regulations, sets policy for the Wildlife Department, and indirectly oversees all state fish and wildlife conservation activities. Commission members are appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate.
The next scheduled Commission meeting is November 4 at the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation headquarters (auditorium), at the corner of 18th and North Lincoln, Oklahoma City at 9:00 a.m.
Whooping cranes migrating soon
Nearly 190 whooping cranes are expected to visit Oklahoma over the next few weeks as one of North America's largest birds makes its annual fall migration.
These birds represent the entire migratory population within North America, said Mark Howery, natural resources biologist for the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. Despite its relatively small number, this flock contains the hope for a species that only recently seemed doomed to extinction.
"The whooping crane is a conservation success story in progress," Howery said. "From a remnant population of only 15 birds in 1941, the whooping crane is making a steady comeback. The current migratory population is about 190 cranes, a remarkable increase when you consider all of the obstacles these birds face. In addition to the hazards of a long migration that occurs twice a year, they must endure habitat loss, and the impact of periodic droughts and excessively wet years."
The whooping crane passing through Oklahoma this fall are migrating from their nesting grounds in the boreal marshes of northern Alberta, Canada to their wintering grounds on the Texas Gulf Coast.
"Whooping Cranes typically migrate during the day in small groups of two to six birds and will occasionally join groups of migrating sandhill cranes," Howery said. "At night, they roost in shallow water in marshes or along rivers."
In the fall, whooping cranes are seen mostly in the central one-third of the state during the last two weeks of October. Distinguishing marks include their large size, white plumage, black wingtips and red forehead. Also, whooping cranes fly with their necks extended straight and their legs extending well behind their bodies.
Sandhill cranes have a similar body shape but are primarily gray and have dark gray wing feathers instead of black wingtips. White pelicans are similar in color, but they are stockier, and they usually travel in large flocks. Their legs do not extend behind their tail feathers.
Snow geese are considerably smaller than cranes and have short legs which do not extend far behind their bodies. Egrets lack the black wingtips of the whooping crane and fly with their necks held in an "S" shape.
Anyone who observes a whooping crane is asked to contact the Department's Wildlife Diversity Program at (405) 521-4616. Observers will be asked to share the date and location of the sightings as well as the habitat and the number of birds.
"By monitoring the birds during migration, we hope to gain a better understanding of their migration path and the most important habitats for them in terms of feeding and roosting," Howery said.
For more information about the whooping crane, a free informational brochure is available by writing to ODWC's Wildlife Diversity Program at PO Box 53465, Oklahoma City, OK 73152.
Primitive firearms deer season coming soon
Thousands of Oklahoma deer hunters will soon take a step backwards, at least when it comes to firearms technology.
One of the fastest-growing sports in the country, hunting deer with a muzzleloading firearm is a great opportunity for Oklahoma hunters. The statewide season runs Oct. 26-Nov. 3, offering nine days of traditional-style hunting that harkens back to the early days of Oklahoma's hunting heritage.
In addition, the primitive firearms season allows hunters a chance to hunt deer that haven't been heavily pressured. Consequently, muzzleloader hunters stand a good chance of bagging a nice buck.
Over 112,000 hunters participated in the primitive firearms season last year. These hunters contributed significantly to the $909 million economic impact produced by all of Oklahoma's nearly 300,000 hunters according to a recent survey. In 2001, muzzleloader hunters harvested 25,156 deer, eclipsing the previous record of 24,202 deer in 2000.
For many who take up the sport, muzzleloading becomes an obsession. Success requires careful selection and handling of equipment and skillful woodsmanship.
To hunt deer with a muzzleloader in Oklahoma, resident hunters must possess one of the following; an annual hunting or combination license, a lifetime hunting or combination license, a senior citizen hunting or senior citizen combination license or proof of exemption. Unless exempt, hunters must also possess a deer primitive permit for each deer to be hunted. Non-residents must possess a non-resident primitive permit. An annual non-resident hunting license is not required in addition to a non-resident primitive firearms antlered or antlerless permit.
Also, muzzleloader hunters must wear blaze orange garments, including a head covering, that covers their upper bodies. For specific information regarding licenses, bag limits, clothing requirements or legal firearms, consult the "2002-2003 Oklahoma Hunting Guide" or log onto www.wildlifedepartment.com.
turkey hunting and stream fishing combine for a great trip
things just seem to go together: hunter orange and deer season, campfires and
tall tales, fall turkey hunting and stream fishing. While the latter may not be
quite as obvious, the two are a perfect fit. Just ask anyone who has tried it.
"I would be hard pressed to come up with a better way to spend a nice fall day than a little turkey hunting in the morning and some fishing in the afternoon," said Todd Craighead, host of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation is "Outdoor Oklahoma" television show.
During the fall and winter, turkeys can often be found foraging for acorns and other seeds along streams. Those same streams can also offer great fishing for smallmouth bass, sunfish and catfish.
"Whether you strike out or harvest a turkey in the morning, you can still have a great time with an ultralight rod and a few lures during the afternoon. While fishing you may even come across a good place to set up for an evening hunt," Craighead added.
With wild turkey populations in good shape across the state, turkey hunters are looking forward to another successful fall turkey season. With generous seasons there is no reason not to get out. Archery hunters can match wits with the wily birds for more than 90 days while gun hunters have 20 days for a chance to bring a bird for a Thanksgiving or Christmas dinner. Depending on which county they're hunting, sportsmen will be allowed to harvest one turkey of either sex or just one tom.
Also, some counties are closed to fall firearms turkey and others are restricted to shotgun hunting only. Regardless of the hunting method, the total fall bag limit is one bird per hunter. For complete season dates and regulations pick up a copy of the "2002-2003 Oklahoma Hunting Guide" or log on to wildlifedepartment.com.
across the state may be dropping, but the trout fishing is just about to pick
Nov. 1, trout season opens at the six designated winter trout areas managed by
the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. Stretching from the panhandle
to southeast Oklahoma, these fisheries provide trout fishing in areas where warm
water temperatures are not suitable for trout during the summer. They are
stocked regularly with catchable size rainbow trout and are very popular with
anglers all over the state, said Kim Erickson, chief of fisheries for the
"Oklahoma is blessed with a diversity of fishing opportunities, including our two year-round trout fisheries on the lower Illinois and lower Mountain Fork rivers," Erickson said. "These winter trout fisheries provide additional opportunities for anglers to enjoy fishing all winter long."
According to a recent survey by the Department, 75 percent of trout anglers reported catching three or more trout on a typical Oklahoma trout fishing day.
"It is a great way to get outdoors with your friends and family. You can enjoy the fall foliage and hopefully catch enough trout to make the trip exciting," Erickson said.
Savvy anglers can find up to date trout stocking schedules posted on the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation's official Web site, www.wildlifedepartment.com.
"We have always strived to provide anglers with information to make their time outdoors as enjoyable as possible. The trout stocking schedules have proven to be a popular service," said Erickson.
However, Erickson noted, anglers need to be aware that trout stockings are subject to change without notice due to circumstances beyond the Department's control.
Once logged on the Fishing page within the Department's Web site, choose "Trout Areas" then "Stocking Schedule" for the complete schedule.
To fish for trout in Oklahoma, angles need either a resident or non-resident fishing license, as well as a trout license, which costs $7.75. There are no exemptions from purchasing the trout license. Before going, check the "2002 Oklahoma Fishing Guide" for complete regulations, as well as maps and additional information for each area.
Seasonal trout fishing areas are at the
following locations:
Lake Carl Etling - This 159-acre lake is at Black Mesa State Park in Cimarron County. Trout season runs Nov. 1 - April 30. To get there, take US-325 28 miles west of Boise City. Boat ramps are on the south and east sides of the lake. Primitive and developed camping facilities are available at the park.
Mountain - The
trout water is in the North Fork of the Red River directly below the dam at Lake
Altus-Lugert. Trout season runs Nov. 1 - March 15. To get there from Altus, take
OK-44A north about 18 miles. Lodging and camping facilities are available at
Quartz Mountain State Park.
River - The Blue
River flows through the Blue River Public Fishing and Hunting Area near
Tishomingo. Trout season runs Nov. 1 - March 31. To get there from Tishomingo,
go four miles east on OK-78 and then six miles north. Bank access and wade
fishing is available throughout the area. Primitive camping is allowed at the
Blue River campground.
Cave - Located
in Robbers Cave State Park, the Robbers Cave trout fishery is in the Fourche
Maline River directly below Carlton Dam to the south boundary of the park. Trout
season runs Nov. 1 - March 15. To get there from Wilburton, go five miles north
on OK-2. Bank access and wade fishing is available anywhere within state park
boundaries. Camping facilities and cabins are available at the park.
Watonga - This
55-acre lake is in Roman Nose State Park. Trout season runs Nov. 1 - March 31.
To get there from Watonga, go seven miles north on OK-8A. Bank access and a boat
ramp are on the west side of the lake. Camping and lodging are available at the
Pawhuska - This
96-acre lake is about three miles south of Pawhuska. Trout season runs Nov. 1 -
March 31. During that time, the City of Pawhuska waives the City fishing fee. To
get there from Pawhuska, go three miles south on OK-60, and then go 1.75 miles
east on a marked County road. The lake has a boat ramp, fishing dock and
restrooms. Primitive camping is available at the lake.
addition to these areas, the Department also manages year-round trout fisheries
at the lower Illinois and lower Mountain Fork rivers. The Department stocks both
of these areas with brown and rainbow trout.
some say taking a deer is the highlight of every hunt, many feel that the best
part of deer hunting comes later, at the dinner table.
To get the most enjoyment from your harvest, however, you need to take proper care for the meat. If properly handled, you'll be able to enjoy many meals of lean, high-protein meat that is 100-percent natural, with no additives or preservatives.
Preparing and eating wild game with friends and family is an essential part of the hunting experience. Many hunters say that consuming harvested game gives them a deeper respect and reverence for that animal than those who don't understand that connection.
Upon harvesting a deer, the first thing you must do is attach a proper tag to the carcass as required by law. The next step is to field dress your deer as soon as possible. Keeping the meat clean and cool will payoff when it comes time to serve venison for dinner.
There are literally hundreds of recipes for venison that can be found in cookbooks or on the Internet. Following are a few recipes you can try this winter or just let your culinary imagination run wild.
Ground venison foil
a 12" square piece of foil. Put venison patties (about the size of a
hamburger patties) on middle of foil. Pull up sides of foil to form a bag. Add
1/4 inch slices of potatoes to top of meat, then add onion slices, put about a
teaspoon of butter and 1/8 cup of water in foil. Close foil and put in hot
charcoaler for about 20-30 minutes. Or you can cook at 350 degrees in an oven
for about the same time. Add other vegetables if desire.
Venison stew paprika
2 1/2-3 lbs. venison stew meat cut into 1 inch
1/2 cup flour
3 tsp. paprika
salt and pepper to taste
2 tbs. butter
2 med. onions, chopped
2 cloves garlic
1-11 oz. can stewed tomatoes or 1 can tomato sauce
1/2 cup sour cream at room temperature
1/2 cup wine or 7-Up
Shake meat cubes in plastic bag with the flour, paprika, salt and pepper.
In Dutch oven, melt butter and sauté coated venison cubes until browned. Remove
cubes to warm dish and in the same Dutch oven, sauté onions and garlic with 2 T
paprika until soft. Then add tomatoes and wine or 7-Up. Add browned venison
cubes and simmer over low heat until meat is tender (45 min-1.5 hours). Just
before serving, stir in 1/2 C sour cream. Serve with egg noodles or rice.
Deer Roast
Venison roast (1-3 lbs.)
3-4 potatoes - cut into chunks
3 sliced carrots
1 sliced bell pepper
black pepper to taste
garlic powder to taste
1 tbs. flour
1/2 cup of water
Arrange ingredients in crockpot and cook on low for 6-8 hours on high for
four to six hours or until meat is tender.
and anglers play a big role in the nation's economy
over $70 billion dollars a year in pursuit of their pastime, America's hunters
and anglers have a significant impact on the nation's economy, according to a
report released by the Congressional Sportsmen's Foundation and the National
Shooting Sports Foundation. In Oklahoma alone, sportsmen spend $801 million,
which is more than twice the cash receipts from the state's wheat crop ($344
million). Over 38 million Americans enjoy the outdoors, twice the number of
labor union members, and sportsmen support 1.6 million jobs, well more than
Wal-Mart, the country's largest employer.
"Because sportsmen enjoy hunting and fishing alone or in small groups, they are often overlooked as a constituency and as a substantial economic force," notes Melinda Gable, executive director for the Congressional Sportsmen's Foundation. "These impressive statistics actually underestimate the impact of sportsmen since they do not take into account the millions of hunters and anglers under 16 years of age, and people who were not able to get out and hunt or fish in 2001."
The report (The American Sportsman ~ Take a Closer Look) uses the results from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's 2001 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation and compares hunters' and anglers' impact on the economy with other industries. When sportsmen's spending is thought of in business terms and compared to other sectors of the economy, it is remarkable how much state and federal tax revenues are generated and how many people are impacted as a result of hunting and fishing. While economic analysts worried about a looming recession in 2001, American sportsmen were doing their part to keep the economy in motion. From small rural towns to the bottom-line of Fortune 500 companies located in major cities - take away hunting and fishing, and you take away the equivalent of a multi-billion dollar corporation.
"Hunters and shooters have been widely acknowledged for their role in conserving our wildlife and natural resources," stated Doug Painter, president of the National Shooting Sports Foundation, "but they represent so much more than meets the eye. Hunters spend $2 billion just on food when they take hunting trips - that's more than Americans spend on Domino's pizza."
While the combined national economic impact of sportsmen is remarkable, it is even more important to recognize the impact at the state and local level.
"It is a fairly simple equation - hunters and anglers mean jobs in states and local communities that have made the effort to maintain their hunting and fishing opportunities," Gable said.
It is not only hunters and shooters that spend money in their sport, anglers are a diverse and growing demographic sector. The data shows more than 44 million Americans fish, with anglers spending nearly $42 billion on equipment, transportation and lodging, and other expenses associated with their sport. Overall, anglers' expenditures grew by 33 percent over the last decade.
Taking expenditures and measuring their "ripple effect" on the economy at local, regional and national levels, the report shows the broad economic impact of sportfishing has grown from $108 billion in 1996 to $116 billion in 2001. Sportfishing also supports 1 million jobs, more than those employed by McDonalds, the number 2 company on the Fortune 500 list.
Ultimately, anglers and other sportsmen are a huge funding source for conservation and recreation in this country. Through spending on fishing licenses and special excise taxes on gear and motorboat fuel, hundreds of millions of anglers' dollars are redistributed annually to states for conservation and recreation. Nearly $300 million from these excise taxes and $500 million from fishing license sales are used by state natural resource agencies to restore fisheries and promote fishing.
Other interesting statistics on sportfishing from
the report include:
One in six people in the United States fish, making it the fourth most popular sport, more so than golf and soccer combined.
than 28 million people fished in freshwater, for a cumulative 467 million
days and 365 million trips.
27 percent of
anglers range between the ages of 35 and 44.
40 percent of anglers come from large urban areas.
More than 90 percent of America's anglers fish within their
Each angler spent an average of $1,046 on fishing-related expenses.
The most popular freshwater fish are black bass, panfish, trout and catfish.
More than 1 million jobs are related to sportfishing, accounting for more than $30 billion in wages.
approaching deer gun season has many sportsmen hunting already, not for deer,
but for their hunter education card, which in many cases is needed to purchase a
Those worried about misplaced hunter education cards have a quick and easy solution available, according to Lance Meek, hunter education coordinator for the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. They can obtain a temporary card by logging onto the Department's Web site at www.wildlifedepartment.com.
"Even if you don't have Internet access at home, most local libraries now have Internet access available for the public to use free of charge," said Meek.
To print off a temporary card, go to the Department's home page (wildlifedepartment.com) and click on Hunter Education. Once on the Hunter Education page, individuals can click on "REPLACEMENT HUNTER EDUCATION CARD." Follow the directions by filling in the requested information, entering the date as shown in the example provided, then click 'submit' and the card should appear on the screen.
"Hunters can print the card out and use it temporarily to get their licenses. It will be accepted at any license vendor across the state and in other states as well. The information can also be useful to request a permanent replacement card," Meek said.
If a card does not come up, the hunter can contact the Department's Information and Education Division at (405) 521-4636, Monday-Friday, between 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. and Department personnel will try to remedy the problem. Those wanting a permanent plastic replacement card can receive one for $5 (check, cash, money orders or cashiers checks accepted) by visiting the Department's Oklahoma City headquarters or submitting a letter to: Attn: Replacement Hunter Education Card, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, P.O. Box 53465, Oklahoma City, OK 73152.
Letters must contain the hunter's name as it appeared on the original card, current address, birth date and student number if known. Those who do not know their student number should provide the date and location for the course they attended. They should also include a daytime phone number so additional information can be obtained if needed.
Outside for a Waterfowl Adventure
Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation in partnership with the National
Shooting Sports Foundation (NSSF) will be conducting a special youth waterfowl
hunt November 16 and 17 on Oologah Lake.
Step Outside is a national program of the NSSF that encourages outdoor enthusiasts to introduce friends and family to share in the outdoor experience. This hunt is designed for youth ages 12 to 15 from a metropolitan area who have not had an opportunity to learn about waterfowl hunting. The hunt will be limited to 25 youths.
The first day of the two-day event will consist of hands-on training about waterfowl identification, decoy setting, duck calling and calling contest, retriever demonstrations, gun safety and shotgun shooting. The second day will be the actual hunt where the youths will be guided by Department personnel and volunteers on Oologah Lake. All youth participants will receive a camouflage shirt, cap and a duck call. Shotguns and ammunition will be provided. A non-hunting adult companion must accompany each youth participant.
To apply for the hunt, applicants must send an application on a 3x5 post card that includes the names of the youth and their adult companion, also the youth's age, address and telephone number. The applications must be received by November 8 and mailed to Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Step Outside, P.O. Box 53465, Oklahoma City, OK 73152. Twenty-five youth hunters will be drawn from the applicants received and will be notified of being selected by telephone.
Other hunt partners include Ducks Unlimited, Delta Waterfowl, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and John Amico of Deep Fork Retrievers.
For additional information or to volunteer for the hunt, contact Captain David Deckard with the Wildlife Department's Law Enforcement Division at (405) 521-3719.
hunters prepping for another season
winds are beginning to sweep across the state and ducks and geese are slowly
filtering down from their breeding grounds in the north, just in time to kick
off the 2002-2003 waterfowl seasons.
Hunters can find out just how the annual migration is progressing by logging on and checking out the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation's bi-weekly waterfowl reports at www.wildlifedepartment.com. Hunters can find out if their hunting spot is holding ducks and geese with just a few clicks of the mouse.
According to Mike O'Meilia, migratory bird biologist for the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, waterfowl hunters have reason to be optimistic about the upcoming seasons.
"We have had several good rains throughout the summer and early fall so the waterfowl habitat is in pretty good shape," O'Meilia said. "However, any seasoned waterfowl hunter will tell you that good duck and goose hunting is very often weather related. If snow and freezing temperatures force the birds to come south, it should be another great season."
The 2002-2003 Oklahoma waterfowl dates and bag limits remain essentially the same as the last few years with two notable differences. Due to the decline in the continental population of pintails and efforts to reduce pintail harvest, a shortened season of 39 days will be allowed by federal framework on pintails in Oklahoma and throughout the Central Flyway.
"Hunters should take special care in identifying ducks especially during the early season when drake pintails may not yet be in their full winter plumage," O'Meilia said.
According to O'Meilia, small seasonal wetlands or prairie potholes, ranging from South Dakota and north into Canada are the home breeding grounds for these unique birds. Although these areas are currently in the midst of a drought, the cycles of wet and dry years keeps the breeding habitat productive.
In addition, there will be no open season on canvasbacks. The season was closed on canvasbacks because of declines in breeding population and anticipated poor production.
Hunters will also notice that the duck season was moved a week later to correspond with the new federal closing framework date of the last Sunday in January.
Waterfowl hunters should be sure to pick up a new state waterfowl license and a federal waterfowl stamp, along with a new Migratory Bird Harvest Information Program (HIP) Permit before the season begins. The free HIP permits are required of all migratory bird hunters in the United States. Data collected from the surveys helps state and federal migratory bird biologists better gauge bird harvests and hunter numbers, which is used to improve migratory bird management.
For complete details see the "2002-2003 Oklahoma Waterfowl Hunting Guide" available at hunting license vendors or log on to wildlifedepartment.com
Surveys show quail population rebound
One of the state's most popular game bird species, the bobwhite quail, appears to be in good shape going into this fall. October roadside surveys conducted by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation show a statewide increase of seven percent over the 12-year average.
Running Nov. 9 through Feb.15, quail season is one of the most popular events in the state, drawing hunters from all over the nation to enjoy some of America's finest bird hunting. Oklahoma regularly ranks among the top three quail hunting states in terms of both quail populations and hunter success, and Oklahoma promises to be a major destination for bird hunters again this year.
Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation biologists have conducted the roadside surveys during both August and October for the past 13 years. The surveys, which consist of 20-mile routes, give biologists an estimate of quail abundance. Observers count the number of quail seen to provide an index of quail abundance and reproductive success. There are 83 routes with at least one route in every county except for Tulsa and Oklahoma counties.
"The surveys don't necessarily predict what quail season is going to be like, but they do give us an idea of how productive the breeding season was for quail," said Mike Sams, upland bird biologist for the Department. "Despite low spring populations, some regions of Oklahoma are reporting fall populations in excess of the previous 12-year average. The turn around is due to a mild and wet summer that provided favorable conditions for bobwhite quail production. While there is no indication that this will be a 'boom' year for quail hunters, quail hunting should be much improved over last year."
All regions reported increases in quail over last year and quail sightings in the southwestern, southeastern, and north central regions of Oklahoma exceeded their previous 12-year averages. However, the southcentral, northwest and northeastern region averages remain well below their 12-year averages.
The surveys suggest early production was good, despite drought conditions over portions of the state prior to the reproductive season. Some landowners reported seeing young broods in late August and early September, although evidence of a substantial second hatch was negligible in the October surveys.
One exception to the improved weather pattern was the extreme northwestern portions of the state. Much of the panhandle continued to suffer from drought conditions during 2002. While bobwhite populations have continued to stay low in the panhandle, region a slight increase was observed in the scaled quail population. Due to the vast expanses of native habitat, the northwestern and southwestern portions of the state continue to lead in quail numbers.
Wetland status reports available on the Internet
Decoys, shotgun, retriever, Internet connection; all are useful tools for the successful waterfowl hunter. While the Internet may seem a bit out of place in the sportsman's bag of tricks, hunters can find a plethora of useful information at wildlifedepartment.com. Not only does the site offer up-to-date waterfowl reports, season dates and complete regulations, now wetland status reports are available on the Internet.
Wetland status reports include the size of the area, a percent of the unit that is flooded, as well as forage conditions. Wetland development units are managed by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and are paid for through funds generated through sale of Oklahoma waterfowl licenses.
"Overall, our wetland development units are in pretty good shape. Conditions can change quickly on these areas, but the reports should give people a good idea of the current status of the wetland," said Alan Stacey, wetland development biologist for the Department. "Hopefully, these reports will be a useful tool for hunters as they scout for ducks or consider trying out new areas."
In addition, maps of the wetland development units, waterfowl hunting zone maps and more are available on the internet at www.wildlifedepartment.com
Deadline approaching for youth waterfowl hunts
Any kids that have ever wanted to give duck hunting a try will not want to miss a special opportunity coming soon. The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, in partnership with the Step Outside program, will be conducting a special youth waterfowl hunt November 16 and 17 on Oologah Lake. Applications are due by November 8.
The first day of the two-day event will consist of hands-on training for waterfowl identification, decoy setting, duck calling and calling contest, retriever demonstrations, gun safety and shotgun shooting. The second day will be the actual hunt where the youths will be guided by Department personnel and volunteers on Oologah Lake. All youth participants will receive a camouflage shirt, cap and a duck call. Shotguns and ammunition will be provided. A non-hunting adult companion must accompany each youth participant.
Step Outside is a national program that encourages outdoor enthusiasts to introduce friends and family to share in the outdoor experience. This hunt is open for youth ages 12 to 15 from a metropolitan area who have not had an opportunity to learn waterfowl hunting. The hunt will be limited to 25 youths who must be accompanied by a non-hunting partner.
To apply for the hunt, applicants must send an application on a 3x5 post card that includes the names of the youth and their adult companion, also the youth's age, address and telephone number. The applications must be received by November 8 and mailed to Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Step Outside, P.O. Box 53465, Oklahoma City, OK 73152. Twenty-five youth hunters will be randomly selected and will be notified by telephone.
In addition, other partners include Ducks Unlimited, Delta Waterfowl, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and John Amico of Deep Fork Retrievers.
For additional information or to volunteer for the hunt, contact Captain David Deckard, with the Wildlife Department's law enforcement division, at (405) 521-3719.


text:
Name: SoluMEDROL
- SoluMEDROL dosage
- SoluMEDROL dosage forms
- SoluMEDROL injection
- SoluMEDROL used to treat
- SoluMEDROL is used to treat
- SoluMEDROL action
- SoluMEDROL brand name
- SoluMEDROL side effects
- SoluMEDROL drug
- SoluMEDROL treats
- SoluMEDROL solumedrol side effects
- SoluMEDROL weight loss
Methylprednisolone injection provides relief for inflamed areas of the body. It is used to treat a number of different conditions, such as inflammation (swelling), severe allergies, adrenal problems, arthritis, asthma, blood or bone marrow problems, eye or vision problems, lupus, skin conditions, kidney problems, ulcerative colitis, and flare-ups of multiple sclerosis. Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid (cortisone-like medicine or steroid). It works on the immune system to help relieve swelling, redness, itching, and allergic reactions.
This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.
This product is available in the following dosage forms:
- Powder for Solution
- Suspension
Mechanism of Action
Potent glucocorticoid with minimal to no mineralocorticoid activity
Modulates carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism and maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
Controls or prevents inflammation by controlling rate of protein synthesis, suppressing migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and fibroblasts, reversing capillary permeability, and stabilizing lysosomes at cellular level
Onset: 1-2 hr (PO); 4-8 days (IM); 1 week (intra-articular)
Duration: 30-36 hr (PO); 1-4 weeks (IM)
Peak plasma time: 31 min (IV)
Vd: 0.7-1.5 L/kg
Extensively metabolized in liver
Half-life: 3-3.5 hr
Dialyzable: Hemodialysis, slightly
Total body clearance: 16-21 L/hr
Excretion: Urine (mainly, as metabolites), feces (minimally)
|Pregnancy Category
|All Trimesters
|Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.
Commonly used brand name(s)
In the U.S.
- A-Methapred
- Depo-Medrol
- SoluMEDROL
Available Dosage Forms:
- Powder for Solution
- Solution
- Suspension
Therapeutic Class: Endocrine-Metabolic Agent
Pharmacologic Class: Adrenal Glucocorticoid
Before Using SoluMEDROL
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of methylprednisolone injection in children. However, pediatric patients are more likely to have slower growth and bone problems if methylprednisolone injection is used for a long time. Recommended doses should not be exceeded, and the patient should be carefully monitored during therapy.
Depo-Medrol® and some strengths of Solu-Medrol® injection should not be used in premature infants. Both brands of methylprednisolone injection contain benzyl alcohol, which may cause serious unwanted effects in premature infants.
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of methylprednisolone injection in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have liver, kidney, or heart problems, which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for elderly patients receiving methylprednisolone injection.
|Pregnancy Category
|All Trimesters
|Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.
Breast Feeding
Studies in women suggest that this medication poses minimal risk to the infant when used during breastfeeding.
Interactions with Medicines
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are receiving this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
- Desmopressin
- Rotavirus Vaccine, Live
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
- Aceclofenac
- Acemetacin
- Aldesleukin
- Amtolmetin Guacil
- Bemiparin
- Bromfenac
- Bufexamac
- Bupropion
- Celecoxib
- Choline Salicylate
- Clonixin
- Dexibuprofen
- Dexketoprofen
- Diclofenac
- Diflunisal
- Dipyrone
- Droxicam
- Etodolac
- Etofenamate
- Etoricoxib
- Felbinac
- Fenoprofen
- Fepradinol
- Feprazone
- Floctafenine
- Flufenamic Acid
- Flurbiprofen
- Ibuprofen
- Indomethacin
- Ketoprofen
- Ketorolac
- Lornoxicam
- Loxoprofen
- Lumiracoxib
- Meclofenamate
- Mefenamic Acid
- Meloxicam
- Morniflumate
- Nabumetone
- Nadroparin
- Naproxen
- Nepafenac
- Niflumic Acid
- Nimesulide
- Nimesulide Beta Cyclodextrin
- Oxaprozin
- Oxyphenbutazone
- Parecoxib
- Phenylbutazone
- Piketoprofen
- Piroxicam
- Pixantrone
- Pranoprofen
- Proglumetacin
- Propyphenazone
- Proquazone
- Rofecoxib
- Salicylic Acid
- Salsalate
- Sodium Salicylate
- Sulindac
- Telaprevir
- Tenoxicam
- Tiaprofenic Acid
- Tolfenamic Acid
- Tolmetin
- Valdecoxib
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
- Acenocoumarol
- Alcuronium
- Aprepitant
- Aspirin
- Atracurium
- Carbamazepine
- Clarithromycin
- Cyclosporine
- Dalfopristin
- Diltiazem
- Erythromycin
- Fluindione
- Gallamine
- Hexafluorenium
- Ketoconazole
- Licorice
- Metocurine
- Mibefradil
- Nefazodone
- Phenobarbital
- Primidone
- Quinupristin
- Rifampin
- Saiboku-To
- Troleandomycin
- Warfarin
Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
Other Medical Problems
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
- Brain injury, traumatic or
- Cerebral malaria or
- Fungal infections, systemic or
- Herpes simplex eye infection, active or
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (low platelet count)—Should not be given to patients with these conditions.
- Cataracts or
- Congestive heart failure or
- Cushing's syndrome (adrenal gland problem) or
- Depression or
- Diabetes or
- Emotional problems or
- Eye infection or
- Glaucoma or
- Heart attack, recent or
- Heart disease or
- Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) or
- Hypertension (high blood pressure) or
- Liver disease (eg, cirrhosis, hepatitis) or
- Mental illness or
- Myasthenia gravis (severe muscle weakness) or
- Osteoporosis (weak bones) or
- Stomach or bowel problems (eg, diverticulitis, ulcers, ulcerative colitis) or
- Thyroid problems or
- Tuberculosis, inactive—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse.
- Infection (bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite, or protozoa)—May decrease your body's ability to fight infection.
Proper Use of methylprednisolone
This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain methylprednisolone. It may not be specific to SoluMEDROL. Please read with care.
A nurse or other trained health professional will give you this medicine. This medicine may be given through a needle placed in one of your veins, as a shot into a muscle or joint, or as a shot into a lesion on your skin.
Your doctor may give you a few doses of this medicine until your condition improves, and then switch you to an oral medicine that works the same way. If you have any concerns about this, talk to your doctor.
Precautions While Using SoluMEDROL
Your doctor will check your progress closely while you are receiving this medicine. This will allow your doctor to see if the medicine is working properly and to decide if you should continue to receive it. Blood or urine tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.
Using this medicine while you are pregnant can harm your unborn baby. Use an effective form of birth control to keep from getting pregnant. If you think you have become pregnant while using this medicine, tell your doctor right away.
If you are using this medicine for a long time, the skin at the injection site may become slightly depressed or wrinkled. Talk to your doctor if you notice any of these changes at the injection site: depressed or indented skin, or pain, redness, or sloughing (peeling) of the skin.
This medicine may cause an allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Call your doctor right away if you have a rash, itching, trouble breathing, trouble swallowing, or any swelling of your hands, face, or mouth while you are using this medicine.
If you are using this medicine for a long time, tell your doctor about any extra stress or anxiety in your life, including other health concerns and emotional stress. Your dose of this medicine might need to be changed for a short time while you have extra stress.
Using too much of this medicine or using it for a long time may increase your risk of having adrenal gland problems. Talk to your doctor right away if you have more than one of these symptoms while you are using this medicine: blurred vision, dizziness or fainting, a fast, irregular, or pounding heartbeat, increased thirst or urination, irritability, or unusual tiredness or weakness.
This medicine may cause you to get more infections than usual. Avoid people who are sick or have infections and wash your hands often. If you are exposed to chickenpox or measles, tell your doctor right away. If you start to have a fever, chills, sore throat, or any other sign of an infection, call your doctor right away.
Tell your doctor if you or your child have recently spent time in a tropical climate or have unexplained diarrhea before receiving this medicine.
While you are being treated with methylprednisone injection, do not have any immunizations (vaccines) without your doctor's approval. Methylprednisone may lower your body's resistance and the vaccine may not work as well or you might get the infection the vaccine is meant to prevent. In addition, you should not be around other persons living in your household who receive live virus vaccines because there is a chance they could pass the virus on to you. Some examples of live vaccines include measles, mumps, influenza (nasal flu vaccine), poliovirus (oral form), rotavirus, and rubella. Do not get close to them and do not stay in the same room with them for very long. If you have questions about this, talk to your doctor.
Check with your doctor right away if blurred vision, difficulty in reading, eye pain, or any other change in vision occurs during or after treatment. Your doctor may want you to have your eyes checked by an ophthalmologist (eye doctor).
Check with your doctor right away if you have pain or tenderness in the upper stomach, pale stools, dark urine, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, or yellow eyes or skin. These could be symptoms of a serious liver problem.
This medicine might cause thinning of the bones (osteoporosis) or slow growth in children if used for a long time. Tell your doctor if you have any bone pain or if you have an increased risk for osteoporosis. If your child is using this medicine, tell the doctor if you think your child is not growing properly.
This medicine may cause changes in mood or behavior for some patients. Tell your doctor right away if you have depression, mood swings, a false or unusual sense of well-being, trouble with sleeping, or personality changes while using this medicine.
Make sure any doctor or dentist who treats you knows that you are using this medicine. This medicine may affect the results of certain skin tests.
Do not stop using this medicine suddenly without checking first with your doctor. Your doctor may want you or your child to gradually reduce the amount you are using before stopping it completely.
Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.
SoluMEDROL Side Effects
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur:More common
- Aggression
- agitation
- blurred vision
- decrease in the amount of urine
- dizziness
- fast, slow, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse
- headache
- mental depression
- mood changes
- noisy, rattling breathing
- numbness or tingling in the arms or legs
- pounding in the ears
- swelling of the fingers, hands, feet, or lower legs
- trouble thinking, speaking, or walking
- troubled breathing at rest
- weight gain
- Cough
- difficulty with swallowing
- hives, itching, or skin rash
- puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue
- tightness in the chest
- trouble breathing
- unusual tiredness or weakness
- Abdominal or stomach cramping and/or burning (severe)
- abdominal or stomach pain
- backache
- bloody, black, or tarry stools
- dark urine
- darkening of the skin
- decrease in height
- decreased vision
- diarrhea
- eye pain
- eye tearing
- general feeling of illness
- general tiredness or weakness
- facial hair growth in females
- fainting
- fever or chills
- flushed, dry skin
- fractures
- fruit-like breath odor
- full or round face, neck, or trunk
- heartburn and/or indigestion (severe and continuous)
- hoarseness
- increased hunger
- increased thirst
- increased urination
- light-colored stools
- loss of appetite
- loss of sexual desire or ability
- lower back or side pain
- menstrual irregularities
- muscle pain or tenderness
- muscle wasting or weakness
- nausea
- pain in the back, ribs, arms, or legs
- painful or difficult urination
- sore throat
- sweating
- trouble healing
- trouble sleeping
- unexplained weight loss
- unusual tiredness or weakness
- upper right abdominal or stomach pain
- vision changes
- vomiting
- vomiting of material that looks like coffee grounds
- yellow eyes and skin
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:More common
- Increased appetite
- Abnormal fat deposits on the face, neck, and trunk
- acne
- dry scalp
- lightening of normal skin color
- pain, redness, or hard skin at the injection site
- pitting or depression of the skin at the injection site
- red face
- reddish purple lines on the arms, face, legs, trunk, or groin
- swelling of the stomach area
- thinning of the scalp hair
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.