text:
of degrees
& programs
Fall: January 15
Applications are evaluated together after the deadline has passed.
APPLY ONLINE to this graduate program.
Number Required: 3
From Whom: Letters of recommendation should be obtained from college/university faculty members familiar with the applicant's academic abilities.
The applicant should have the equivalent of an undergraduate concentration in English with a broad chronological range.
A baccalaureate degree in English is required.
The statement of goals should be approximately 600-1,000 words in length and should include the following: your research goals, your particular interest in the Temple English graduate program, and your future goals.
Standardized Test Scores:
The GRE is required. Verbal and subject tests are the most important scores. A low score does not exclude an applicant from consideration, if other application materials are strong.
The GRE Subject Exam in Literature is required.
Minimum TOEFL score needed to be accepted: 620 paper-based, 260 computer-based, or 105 internet-based.
The writing sample should be a literary critical essay, not a piece of creative writing. It should represent the work that you want to continue in graduate school as well as the abilities you bring to the program. The writing sample should be approximately 12-15 pages in length.
Students who have earned graduate credits or a master's degree in English from another institution can transfer a maximum of 15 credits toward the coursework requirement for the Ph.D. All transfer students must take English 505 unless they have taken comparable courses elsewhere. The maximum number of advanced standing credits awarded is 15.
General Program Requirements:
Number of Didactic Credits Required Beyond the Baccalaureate: 48
Required Courses:
English 505: Criticism, Theory, Culture
9 courses in concentrated textual analysis, periodization, genre studies, critical methodologies, rhetoric, advanced research, and pre-1800 literature
4 elective courses
6 credits of dissertation research
Internship: No internship is required.
Language Examination: Students must demonstrate either a reading knowledge of two foreign languages or superior knowledge of one.
Preliminary Examination:
The preliminary examination, together with successful completion of coursework, should demonstrate special competence in two areas. Students define these areas by writing a protocol and constructing two reading lists, one for each area. The examinations are taken in two separate parts. The protocol is an explanation and justification of the two reading lists in terms of professional aims. It will demonstrate competence in generally recognized areas of teaching and scholarship and explain how the fields chosen will advance the student's research.
The preliminary examination should be completed within one year of finishing coursework. The subject areas will be determined, in advance, by the student and the Preliminary Examinations Committee. The exam will normally be taken in two sessions. The questions for each session generally will not exceed seven, from which the student will choose three. Members of the student's Preliminary Examinations Committee write the questions for the preliminary exam.
The student's Preliminary Examinations Committee will review the examination. After reading the first part, each reader will complete a comment sheet, assessing its strengths and weaknesses. No grades will be assigned at that time. Within two weeks, all comment sheets should be submitted to the Assistant Director of Graduate Studies, who will notify the Chair of the Preliminary Examinations Committee, who is responsible in turn for summarizing the results for the student. After reading the second part of the examination, the Committee will assess the second part and the examination as a whole, referring to the comments on the first part, which will be kept on file in the Graduate Office. The student's Preliminary Examinations Committee will judge the essays on the basis of their demonstrable mastery of the material on the list and their analytical strength. At that time, each committee member will record a final evaluation of Pass with Honors, Pass, or Fail. The comments on the second part and the final assessment should be given to the Assistant Director of Graduate Studies, who will contact the Chair of the Preliminary Examinations Committee and inform the student of the results. If the student passes, s/he will move on to the dissertation prospectus stage. If the student fails, the Chair of the Preliminary Examinations Committee should submit a plan for repeating the examination or some part of it.
Students who are preparing to write their preliminary examinations should confirm a time and date with the Chair of their Preliminary Examinations Committee and register with the Graduate Secretary. The student and Chair will receive confirmation of the time, date, room, and proctor for the examination.
Dissertation Proposal:
The dissertation proposal should identify the key issues to be investigated; demonstrate an awareness of the relevant scholarship in the field; and supply a detailed outline of the proposed dissertation.
The dissertation should demonstrate the student's ability to conceive, research, and write a scholarly project of at least 150 pages.
The Doctoral Advisory Committee oversees the student's doctoral research and consists of at least three Graduate Faculty members. Two members, including the Chair, must be from the English Department. Committee compositions must be approved by the department's graduate committee. The Chair is responsible for overseeing and guiding the student's progress; coordinating the responses of the committee members; and informing the student of her/his academic progress.
The Dissertation Examining Committee evaluates the student's dissertation and oral defense. This Committee is comprised of the Doctoral Advisory Committee and at least one additional Graduate Faculty member from outside the English Department. The Outside Examiner should be identified no later than the beginning of the semester in which the student will defend the dissertation.
If a student wishes to change a member of a committee, the new member must be approved by the department's graduate executive committee and registered with the Graduate Secretary and the Graduate School.
Students who are preparing to defend their dissertation should confirm a time and date with their Dissertation Examining Committee and register with the Graduate Secretary at least 15 days before the defense is to be scheduled. The Graduate Secretary will arrange the time, date, and room. After the Graduate Secretary has arranged the time, date, and room for the defense, the student must send to the Graduate School a completed "Announcement of Dissertation Defense" form at least 10 working days before the defense. The department will post flyers announcing the defense.
The Dissertation Examining Committee will evaluate the student's ability to express verbally her/his research question, methodological approach, primary findings, and implications. The Committee will vote to pass or fail the dissertation and the defense at the conclusion of the public presentation.
Department of English
1020 Anderson Hall
1114 W. Berks Street
Philadelphia, PA 19122-6090
Belinda Wilson
Program Coordinator:
Peter Logan
Program Coordinator :
Peter Logan
Shannon Miller
The English program at Temple enjoys a high reputation for teaching and research in both traditional and innovative areas of literary history, as well as in literary criticism. Temple University is the only public university in the Philadelphia area offering a doctoral concentration in rhetoric and composition. The graduate program prides itself on providing students with the advantages of studying at a Research I institution in a diversity-filled urban environment.
Time Limit for Degree Completion: 7 years
Courses may also be taken at the Center City campus. Every summer, the department offers an Art and Cultural Seminar in Rome.
In order to be certified as full-time, a student must engage in at least 9 hours of coursework per semester, or the equivalent in supervised teaching, dissertation research, or writing. In special circumstances, the department permits part-time enrollment, but no student is exempt from the guidelines concerning reasonable academic progress toward the degree.
Department of English
1020 Anderson Hall
1114 W. Berks Street
Philadelphia, PA 19122-6090
Students are encouraged to engage in serious interdisciplinary projects and to work closely with a faculty member engaged in research and publication projects that take them regularly into the areas of history, psychology, philosophy, the arts, and non-print media.
Affiliations include the Association of the Departments of English and the Modern Language Association.
The Rome Seminar in Art and Culture is offered during Summer I at Temple University's Rome campus, the Villa Caproni. This 6-credit graduate seminar is designed to bring together the disciplines of aesthetics and cultural studies. In its interdisciplinary thrust, the seminar is intended to serve as a foundation for advanced study in the human sciences and to reflect the most current trends of thought in post-modern culture. Applications are from advanced undergraduate, graduate, and post-doctoral students in fields such as literature, film studies, philosophy, art, and social theory. The seminar entails an intensive program of classwork, field trips, and guest lectures. The city of Rome is used extensively as a resource. Accommodations can be arranged in a Temple student Residenza, or students can make their own living arrangements in advance. All classes are taught in English.
Not applicable.
The literature faculty is unusually productive in both emerging and traditional areas of literary scholarship. The doctoral program provides options for intensive study in critical theory, cultural theory, film theory, women's studies, minority literatures, and interdisciplinary methods. Traditional areas of study include Renaissance, eighteenth century, nineteenth century, modern and contemporary literature, and rhetoric and composition.
The majority of graduates from 2000-2005 hold tenure-track positions at colleges and universities. A smaller number are non-tenure track faculty, and some work in publishing, foundation, or corporate positions. Graduates tend to find placement in the Northeast, in a way that shows the program continuing to serve and enrich the region as it has traditionally done. But increasingly, the program's graduates have taken jobs outside the region: California, Ohio, New York, and Wisconsin. (Figures are accurate as of April 2005).
Non-matriculated students are restricted from taking English courses.
Students are encouraged to apply for teaching awards, which include a tuition waiver and a stipend for the nine months of the academic year. Conditions of the award are determined by the graduate student union contract with Temple University and currently require recipients to perform a combination of teaching and other assignments. Applications are submitted along with admissions applications. The department makes funding offers on or before March 31.
Updated 4.10.07


text:
Search our database of handpicked sites
Looking for a great physics site? We've tracked down the very best and checked them for accuracy. Just fill out the fields below and we'll do the rest.
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Resistance and Ohms Law
A BBC Bitesize page on resistance and Ohm's law.
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A biography of this physicist who contributed to our knowledge of circuits.
Georg Simon Ohm
Georg Simon Ohm (1789 - 1854) was a German physicist who's research stated that the current flow through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (voltage) and inversely ...
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text:
ReleasesBack to
Duke Pearson
Duke Pearson had always displayed a flair for arranging, even on small combo albums, so it shouldn't have come as a surprise that he would attempt his own big band record. What is a surprise is how successful Introducing Duke Pearson's Big Band actually is. Pearson leads 13 other musicians through a selection of nine songs, including four originals, two contemporary jazz tunes by Chick Corea and Joe Sample, and three standards. His originals are continually unpredictable and memorable, and his arrangements, especially of the standards, are provocative and intriguing. While it might not appeal to fans of Pearson's wonderful small-group hard bop sessions, it is unquestionably an experiment that works, and one that confirms his remarkable skills and talents. ~ Stephen Thomas Erlewine


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I write to urge readers to see the film "Philomena" (or perhaps see it again).
It's still being shown in art houses in Denver, probably because of the Oscar nomination for Judi Dench's performance.
Richard Alleva, Commonweal's film, critic claims that "paradoxically, with this story premised on the cruelty of a Catholic institution, the filmmakers have created the most Christian film since 'Tender Mercies.' " I agree with his claim, about both films, but his review misses much about the depiction of faith in "Philomena."
Thus, my title is deliberately ambiguous, hopefully suggesting both the faith embodied in the title character (played by Dench) and the complex depiction of faith running through the entire film.
Philomena Lee, on whose real story the film is based, is an elderly Irish widow attempting to come to terms with the forced loss of her first child, 50 years ago, at the hands of Catholic sisters. The story of such Magdalenes (as young unmarried and institutionalized mothers were called in Ireland and elsewhere) is widely known.
Yet the story of this mother, in the script written by co-star and producer, Steve Coogan, and enacted by Dench, is anything but just another story of outrage at institutions and systems (mainly the Catholic Church in Ireland).
Suffice to say here that the film's title character remains a faithful Catholic, still deeply aware of personal sin, still attached to devotions and the sacraments. And very much a creature of her age and culture – a lover, for instance, of unsophisticated romance novels. Yet she is not reduced to some easy stereotype. Her love for her lost son is deep and formidable. Her own sense of guilt does not blind her to the guilt of the Sisters and the Church. Yet neither does that awareness lead her to rage. Rather to a quiet sense of compassion and, in the end, to difficult forgiveness.
Less able to forgive and more filled with outrage is the ex-Catholic and quite sophisticated British journalist who helps Philomena search for her son. As written and played by Coogan (based on journalist Martin Sixsmith's original book), he senses a good expose that might restart a faltering career. If this acknowledged atheist has any faith, it is in the humanist effort to expose the flaws and hypocrisies of religion in the name of restoring justice.


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Christmas decorations: How to build a snowman
Holiday decorating at the Avenue Hotel Bed and Breakfast in Manitou Springs includes our homemade 7 foot snowman. Because he is so popular we decided to tell you how we made him! This project, Randy and I undertook a couple … Continue reading


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Good news about progress for all kinds of young people / Joe Nathan's Column
By Joe Nathan, originally published at: http://hometownsource.com/2013/11/06/joe-nathan-column-good-news-progress-kinds-young-people/
Khalique Rogers and Brittney Poole help illustrate a very encouraging trend in Minnesota. They are among the growing number of Minnesota students who are earning college credits while still in high school. Equally important, the participation gap is getting smaller in most dual credit programs between students of different races and income levels.
Khalique, a senior at Gordon Parks High School in St. Paul, wrote that educators at his school "have introduced and pushed me to believe that college is a possible opportunity." He is taking a College in Schools math class and a CIS public speaking class. These and other opportunities "made me work harder to have my dreams become reality."
Brittney, also a Gordon Parks senior, is taking college credit courses while in high school. Those courses "kept me motivated. … I've struggled a lot with school and life situations … (but struggles and college-level classes) made me stronger and (are) still making me stronger."
Their words affirm growing research about the value of dual credit (high school-college) courses, especially for students from low-income families and families with no prior college graduates. Overall more young people are saving money and making themselves better prepared for some form of higher education – a one-, two- or four-year program.
The accompanying chart helps illustrate Minnesota's progress. Marisa Gustafson, assistant director at the Center for School Change, where I work, created it. (The full chart is available at http://centerforschoolchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/RigorousCourseTaking2012-Data-Table-v2.pdf.)
She summarized a 2013 Minnesota Department of Education report on "Rigorous Course Taking." (The report is available as a PDF at http://centerforschoolchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Rigorous-Course-Taking_Leg-Report-FY-2012.pdf.)
This chart shows growth in participation from fiscal years 2007-2012 in Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate and Post Secondary Enrollment Options; and growth from fiscal years 2009-2012 in Concurrent Enrollment. Each allows high school students to earn free college credits.
Dane Smith, an award-winning journalist who now directs Growth and Justice, a research and advocacy group, recently wrote about this topic. He explained: "Affluent and highly educated parents begin steering their own children at a very early age toward post-secondary completion. By middle school or high school, these advantaged kids often are already likely or assured of admission and completion. We know from our research at Growth & Justice that early and aggressive efforts to get ALL students on track to some form of post-secondary training or education pay off." (Read more about transitions into higher education in the document from Growth and Justice at http://growthandjustice.org/images/uploads/2010-02-08_Transition_Policy.pdf.)
Smith continued, "Especially effective are programs that allow students to get a few college credits while still in high school. Closing racial and income disparities, by improving completion rates and the quality of post-secondary training and education, is the most important investment we can make toward healthy and sustained business growth in Minnesota. Consensus on this fact is overwhelming."
There's plenty of work left. But it's important to acknowledge progress. This has come, as Smith writes, from growing agreement among K-12, college and university educators, Gov. Dayton, Commissioner of Education Brenda Cassellius and legislators of both parties, business and community groups. More well-educated, better-prepared young people will help produce a stronger, healthier Minnesota.
Joe Nathan, formerly a Minnesota public school teacher, administrator and PTA president, directs the Center for School Change. Reactions welcome, please comment below.


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Best options are bunless burgers, baked potatoes, and salads with no chicken. The staff are trained in how to prepare food for people with allergies. Be sure to tell them you are celiac and to mark your order with 'ALLERGY'
18902 Northline Rd, Southgate, MI 48195
Sometimes we need a quick meal in between errands and this is our favorite fast food location. I order a plain grilled chicken breast with fries. They box the chicken separately in a sealed container. I can't say for sure whether the food is prepared separately, but we've never had a reaction.
190 W Foothill Blvd, Monrovia, CA 91016
I don't ever say it is celiac friendly because I am silent but the lady said the meat grill is separate from the bun grill. But the fries are all mixed in with the chicken nuggets. Gave me the hives looking at it. I opted for a baked potato with broccoli and chives and some butter. (Usually the broccoli is with that imitation cheese I don't trust.) Got son a beef patty with cheese and had some corn chips in my bag as a side. Improvise when all else fails!
|Celiac friendly
78030 Country Club Dr, Palm Desert, CA 92211
I can't speak for all the staff, but the gentleman who helped me at the register was great (wish I had gotten his name!). I ordered a salad and told him I had CD so please no croutons anywhere near my salad, and right away he understood. He mentioned that his sister had CD so he knew how important it was to control for the risk of contamination. Honestly, I could've cried because usually when I tell people taking my order that I have CD, I just get a blank stare. I heard him tell the people preparing my food to change their gloves and clean the area. It just made me feel so much better to know that they were taking the proper precautions. So props to Wendy's for hiring knowledgeable employees.
|Celiac friendly
1094 S Main St, Bowling Green, OH 43402
The fries and burgers (without buns) are listed as gluten free options, but the grill and fryer are not dedicated. The cashier was very friendly and helpful. The taco salad, chili and frosty's are all gluten free, as are other salads, but watch for croutons and nut allergies (pecans).
2240 1300 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84106
At the time of this review, this location has a dedicated fryer just for fries! I'm not comfortable saying that they're celiac safe because there's obviously a risk of CC, but I have celiac and stop by often for a frosty and fries.
|Celiac friendly
1612 S Saginaw Rd, Midland, MI 48640
Baked potatoes are gluten free. Frosty is gluten free. I've not had issues at this location.I haven't tried the fries, but they are supposed to be gluten free.
1812 W Hill Ave, Valdosta, GA 31601
Food was very greasy. Not sure if this place is GF, but my stomach feels a little weird after eating the food. Do NOT eat here if you are by any means celiac or have a high intolerance for gluten.
2523 N 6th St, Vincennes, IN 47591
I have eaten here several times and never had a reaction. I've always gotten a butter and sour cream baked potato. The frostys are also GF.
123 Forks of the River Pkwy, Sevierville, TN 37862
Staff was knowledgeable and changed their gloves. Lobby and dining room was REALLY nasty though! Trash all over the floor, dirty table, floor didn't like like it had ever been vacuumed or mopped.
1101 North Main Street, Roswell, NM 88201
We asked the cashier if any of the food was gluten free and she said she didn't know. We asked her if she could ask a manager, she did and came back to say they could not comment on the nutritional factors of their food. They directed us to a nutrition poster on the wall with very small print after trying to read for a few minutes we left without ordering.
|Not celiac friendly
Highway 79 & Walmart Dr, Magnolia, AR 71753
Their fries and chicken are gluten free...Their burgers are not. I've tested them with my NIMA gluten sensor. The gluten free menu on their site is wrong because it says the burgers are safe. Their fries and salad are really good compared to most fast food.
630 Washington St, Attleboro, MA 02703
Wendy's staff is not knowledgeable about food allergies BUT, Wendy's offers baked potatoes, chili, salads, and frosty's all gf. The salads are all packaged with condiments (dressings and croutons) separate. The taco salad comes with corn chips and salsa and chili all packaged separate. Worth is for quick take out!
12793 U.S. 131, Schoolcraft, MI 49087
Okay, Used to be able to have their fries and a bacon cheeseburger wrapped in lettuce, but now all I can have is the chili. Disappointing...
|Celiac friendly
9346 WI-16, Onalaska, WI 54650
potatoes are a great choice also their salads
|Celiac friendly
123 Forks of the River Pkwy, Sevierville, TN 37862
These guys are great. I wasnt sure what to expect as i have stayed away from fast food since being diagnosed with celiac. I mentioned to the lady at the counter that I had celiac and right away she said she would let the preparer know and to have her change gloves and prepare it separatly. I was like. Wow... So Erica. Thank you for keeping me safe.. I had no reactions and she had put me at ease with her attention to details.
11120 Highway 142 N, Covington, GA 30014
Good food, but had no clue how to wrap a lettuce burger. Brought it out pizza style.
120 Harper Park Dr, Beckley, WV 25801
Celiac son and NCGS daughter ordered potatoes, fries, grilled chicken patty and frosties.
1701 West Ashley Road, Boonville, MO 65233
We went here and asked if they had anything gluten free. The woman replied idk if we sell gluten here but if we do I don't think it's free. We left right away.
1704 Apple Valley Rd, Harrisonburg, VA 22801
It is what it is but adding it to the registry.
39580 Lowes Dr, Palmdale, CA 93551
My go to are the baked potatoes! They are all gluten free! And I usually get a simple side salad no croutons. I have yet to get sick. Love that I can pick these 2 items up on the go.
3110 Clark Lane, Columbia, MO 65202
Dedicated fryer. Had cheese and bacon baked potato and a frosty. No reaction.
|Not celiac friendly
13514 NE 175th St, Woodinville, WA 98072
Nobody that works here knows what their gluten free options are. They refer you to their website. Don't list restaurants on this website if they aren't truly gluten free or if their employees don't have a clue what gluten free items are! I'm sure there's only two options...can't be hard to remember or train your employees.
1022 E Wishkah St, Aberdeen, WA 98520
For fast food, this place was knowledgeable and read labels for me. It could have just been an amazing employee, but I was impressed by his knowledge on gluten and his help. :)
310 Griswold Rd, Elyria, OH 44035
I only eat the Frosty here :l
|Celiac friendly
401 Highway 321 N, Lenoir City, TN 37771
It's OK had fun great time had a ball great
|Celiac friendly
i usually get the salads even with grilled chicken and do well on them. their salads are big and filling. I've also had the chili potato and broccoli and cheese potato and did fine with them.
|Celiac friendly
1910 6th Ave SE, Aberdeen, SD 57401
My daughter always gets a bunless burger and has never had a problem. But you need to remind the workers that it is for a gluten free allergy and to change their gloves. There is a pretty good risk for cross contamination I think.
1101 North Main Street, Roswell, NM 88201
My kids both have celiac and are very sensitive. One had chili. The other had a grilled chicken sandwich without a bun and a cheddar bacon potato. Both had frosty's. Neither got sick.
|Not celiac friendly
1715 Main St, Chipley, FL 32428
Baked potatoes have lots of topping choices. Most salads and dressings are gf with the exception of croutons, and the frosty' are gf also!
|Celiac friendly
7019 Shallowford Rd, Chattanooga, TN 37421
Allergy menu on wall and website. Chili or bunless burgers, don't eat fries. Simple salads are okay. Never had a reaction
170 Vaughan Ln, Pell City, AL 35125
Chili. Baked potato even the frosty
1268 York Rd, Gettysburg, PA 17325
Wendy's is Wendy's. I appreciate the taco salad!
|Not celiac friendly
1607 W Main St, Salem, VA 24153
I'm adding this restaurant bc it didn't show up on my search.
4231 Pouncey Tract Rd, Glen Allen, VA 23058
not gluten free friendly. I have celiac disease and I can't just eat everything
2880 IN-37, Mitchell, IN 47446
I thought they were very accommodating of my son (egg allergy) and me (wheat sensitive). They assured us our burgers wouldn't touch a bun and they were very good about it. I also had a chili cheese potato and my son had apple slices. Frosty's for dessert topped off a decent meal and no stomach aches! I love how how simple their allergen menu was online. Refreshing compared to my experience at McDs across the street!
310 Griswold Rd, Elyria, OH 44035
I ordered a baconator and told them no bun but make the lettuce the bun...there was one piece of lettuce my bacon,cheese and burger cold. Not very happy...called them out on it and they where pissy. Be blunt about everything here they don't understand.
|Celiac friendly
3424 Winfield Dunn Pkwy, Kodak, TN 37764
My son eats here so much, he can walk in and they know his order! They take measures to ensure no cross contamination. Their burgers are gf without the bun. Chili and baked potatoes are gf.
|Not celiac friendly
3010 Richmond Rd, Lexington, KY 40509
Salads are good for celiacs, otherwise, you won't be getting much. Fries are not in a separate fryer, so you are at risk for cross contamination. Got sick once off fries and that's all it took for me not to go back. Unless I'm getting a salad :)
|Celiac friendly
168 E Main St, Hendersonville, TN 37075
Double check your location on the fries. Baked potato is good substitute. No GF buns :(. Stuck with fork & knife: lettuce wrap. Caffeine free diet sodas!
|Celiac friendly
13138 50 St NW, Edmonton, AB T5A 5B5, Canada T5A 5B5
it was very good idea like it thanks for this article
102 Washington Towne Blvd, Edinboro, PA 16412
They're very accommodating in that they'll change their gloves and put your sandwich in this nice little container and make sure you have silverware and individual sauces. I've worked fast food and i know sometimes when one frier is getting cleaned you have to use the other that may be designated for breaded chicken, so you might have to be careful there.
|Celiac friendly
2421 Southeast Delaware Avenue, Ankeny, IA 50021
Chili and potatoes always gluten free. Thanks!
395 Oro Dam Blvd E, Oroville, CA 95965
Their chili is gluten free and doesn't come into contact with anything else, it's pretty good but that's about all you can get safely.
|Not celiac friendly
191 Newport Ave, Quincy, MA 02170
only get the frostie
|Celiac friendly
1221 E Ash St, Piqua, OH 45356
The manager was very helpful and aware of gluten issues. He offered to clean a cutting board to cut a chicken breast to add to a side salad for each of my daughters with celiac disease. Gluten free dressings, frostys, potatoes, and chili. Nice to have a place to eat on a long road trip.
1128 N Carbon St, Marion, IL 62959
Wendy's isn't necessarily a gf restaurant but I have found that the staff at this particular Wendy's are understanding of the need for changing gloves and cleaning the work space. I order a Dave's triple with no bun or a bowl of chilli. I have not gotten sick and I am VERY sensitive. If you even breathe bread toward my food I get sick so that is saying a lot. ha.
|Celiac friendly
1720 Miller Trunk Hwy, Duluth, MN 55811
Has baked potatoes and frosties that are gf.
|Not celiac friendly
604 Crawford St, Clay Center, KS 67432
Not many options. Couldn't guarantee the meat patties were gluten free
|Celiac friendly
554 Massachusetts 132, Hyannis, MA 02601
We always feel safe at Wendy's but I have to say this one near the airport in Hyannis is the best one we've visited! Staff knows exactly what to do when you mention gluten allergy or celiac, and the service is fast and second to none. Like other Wendy's, lots of options!
3010 Richmond Rd, Lexington, KY 40509
Love them
12 am - 1 am, 10:30 am - 12 am
12 am - 1 am, 10:30 am - 12 am
12 am - 1 am, 10:30 am - 12 am
12 am - 1 am, 10:30 am - 12 am
12 am - 1 am, 10:30 am - 12 am
12 am - 1 am, 10:30 am - 12 am
12 am - 1 am, 10:30 am - 12 am
Wendy's does not have a gluten free menu, but they do list wheat in their allergen guide online. Some locations have dedicated fryers for fries, so please check with the employees each time you visit a location.
Be the first to add a photo!


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Independence War 2: Edge of Chaos
This page is part of the History Of Game AI project curated by the AI Game Programmers Guild.
|Independence War 2: Edge of Chaos
|Particle Systems Ltd.
|Space Combat Sim.
|AI Era:
|Tactical Reasoning
Independence War 2: Edge of Chaos is a space combat simulation game in the style of the game "Elite". Players pilot their upgradable spacecraft around the galaxy for trade, piracy, special missions, and, when necessary, combat.
Description of AI Behavior
The primary purpose of the A.I. was to execute scripted orders. This included navigation of Newtonian vessels using thruster groups, turret based and hard mounted weapon combat, shield usage and hyperspace navigation. All of which dynamically reacted to the properties and current damage status of the ship.
Notable Behaviors
The autopilot, and remote link, ability of the ships. The ability of the A.I. to attempt to fly/maintain combat even under seemingly crippling damage. Ship docking procedures and implicit traffic control at stations and jump points.
Inverse Kinematics
|This section is based on
first-hand knowledge
by AIGPG member,
[Your Name Your Name].
Another Architecture
What Worked
A small A.I. script tool set
A tight contract between the scripting language and code provided designers with only a limited A.I. vocabulary. A Group object for assembling fleets, Relationships between groups, Formations and high-level Orders. The rest was handled by code, with any further refinement being by script settors using light parameterisation.
The wins were two fold. Design didn't have to micro manage the A.I. There was plenty of scope in the above to do pretty much what they needed. On the code side, combat and navigation were organic, with little notable difference between mission ships and random traffic. As such nothing ended up looking really scripted.
Individual Good Thing
Something really went well.
What Didn't Work
Individual Bad Thing
Something really sucked.
Individual Bad Thing
Something really sucked.
Lessons Learned
Reception by Public
(Was there positive or negative reception from the players and/or media?)
- [ '], {{{author}}}, ,
External Links


text: The nominations for the 90th Annual Academy Awards were released last week and met with mixed reactions. Some were ecstatic, others were disappointed, but how many were surprised? The Academy has been attempting to present itself in a new light in the years since a slew of all-white nominees was presented in the Best Actor category at the 2015 ceremony. Despite the #OscarsSoWhite movement that followed, the same thing happened the next year, sending organizers into a furor that found them completely revamping the membership list in the hopes of getting more diversified nominations. Although the 89th ceremony saw some changes in terms of the voting body, it seemed more like a desperate attempt to show change rather than a legitimate attempt to actually change. Now, in the age of #MeToo, this year's nominees also fell shy of expectations. Continue reading


text:
I didn't realise quite how angry I was until I started writing up this week's singles. But it appears I am really quite furious if shouty caps are anything to go by. For which, of course, massive apollies- I have calmed down now.
Single of the Week!
Ortolan - 'Ortolan EP' (Sounds Familyre)
It's not terribly often that I find myself recommending mailing lists, but Sounds Familyre have such a wholesomely grand roster I shall make an exception. As cherished and fondly warm as a hand-stitched keepsake quilt, this week they chose to tell me about Ortolan and I duly pootled around the internet to see what they sound like. You know, so I could tell you. And they are glorious, beautiful. Sounding a bit like She & Him might were they produced by Sufjan Stevens - to create a sort of She & She & She & She, they are four alt-pop Brontës who beam right into your stereo like a comforting aural torch you never need to buy batteries for. One which does not flicker and falter, even when you are out in the shed in the middle of the night investigating something spooky like a crap girl in a horror flick. Sort of like that.
Listen at MySpace, here, with free mp3 on this here page - godiloveyouintanet - here.
Randan Discotheque - 'Daily Record 1993' (The Bonjour Branch)
I am not the first to point out that this is the sort of oddity that Mr. John Peel would have alerted us to - an experiment of a single which takes the headlines of an ancient copy of the Daily Record newspaper, and then raps them at us in a bumbling - but heartily likeable - Edinburgh fashion. The problem with concepts, of course, is that there's so much more at stake; reaching for the Stars of Originality is enough to give any band vertigo (BEAR WITH ME READERS). But though I will admit to feeling a teeny, tiny bit wary when the Randans first wrote to me (Them: 'We done a concept song produced by Dave Maclean from Django Django and Neil Landstrumm from Planet Mu!!!' Me: 'Is it safe?'), four weeks later it has a very respectable iTunes playcount and I am finding I like it more and more. Doesn't sound like anything else this week, month or year, which is allthebetter, no? AND You get a free raffle ticket when you buy it - a gimmick I am happy to report Randan Discotheque need not have employed. Although since I have been nice about them, I naturally expect them to fix the raffle to ensure I win.
Listen at MySpace here or go buy it here
Wave Machines - 'Punk Spirit' (Neapolitan)
In lots of ways Wave Machines strike me as being this year's Late Of The Pier – a band rather difficult to classify and so proficient at straddling genres that they risk missing out on all popular categories altogether. That in itself would be a great shame, because 'Punk Spirit' while essentially a sad, stompy song about flicking the vees at people when they're not looking, is actually a desperately uplifting tune that is really about wishing you stuck up for yourself more when you get trod on. Good even for cats like me - what hated Punk and punks - but who would still like to be a bit more belligerent when it really matters. Gorgeous, gorgeous band.
Dolly Rockers - 'Gold Digger' (Parlophone)
It strikes me that the best girl group duos and trios have a slightly grubby air about them. They need to look like the sort of girls I was wretched with terror over at school; girls who would sneak elbow jabs into your ribs just before the first netball whistle / when the PE mistress weren't looking. And sometimes there is nothing more terrifying than noisy teenage girls en masse – you've only got to get on a bus on Upper Street around 4pm to see it happen; you can almost hear the hormones pinging off the windows and everyone is suddenly struck dumb at how brash, how fearsomely prickling all that giggling is. Anyway, so it is with Dolly Rockers, who I have now just about forgiven for nicking Bill Wyman's finest moment (and I include all his work with the Stones - not just, but perhaps partly to be deliberately contrary). 'Gold Digger' is exactly what I want Pop Girls to sound like - it is a record that has its sticky fingers slinked round your wallet the minute your back is turned, and then it smiles its wonky English teeth at you and you forgive it.
Jamie T - 'Chaka Demus' (Pacemaker Recordings)
Jamie 'bloody' T has pinched his backing melody from the Banana Splits - I am not sure if you have noticed. Specifically from the theme tune, which is here. Unfortunately he is not as much fun as a Hanna Barbera cartoon and on the evidence of 'Chaka Demus', beginning to sound suspiciously Big Beaty. Now there was a genre I could never be getting on with, it always seemed like dance music for people who didn't actually like dance music, who would never get into minimal techno LIKE WHAT I DID EVERYONE and who had stopped taking drugs after one second-hand puff of a funny cigarette at a Hockey Club party. You know, SQUARES, (man). I mean of course I am larking, but it all seemed suspiciously dim and everso slightly wacky, did Big Beat. Incidentally whileIamonthesubject, The Other Narners' take on 'Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds', a daftly psychedelic ditty called 'I Enjoy Being A Boy' is wicked, and here. Go and listen to that instead, I dare you.
Delphic - 'This Momentary' (Kitsuné)
Seemingly intent on bringing the Kitsuné average down a few points, Delphic begin their song with the words 'Re: You and Me'. And this got my back up, because it sounds like the subject line of an email from someone you wouldn't want to go out with, it's about as dreamy as the 'ditto' from the hideous celluloid cowpat that was Ghost; as unromantic as garage flowers. Anyway, they then want to compel me to 'do something real' and I find myself thinking about people who come back from India all big-eyed - as if they didn't know there were poor people in the world until they had them shoving their begging bowls right in front of their Boots-sunblocked DIMBO FACES. Then I got to the Le Matos remix, which has an intro cribbed LIKEEVERYTHINGELSETHISYEAR from Vangelis' Bladerunner, which just reminds me YET AGAIN of when I had that soundtrack RUINED because I had to listen to it ON A LOOP while cleaning LITERALLY HUNDREDS of wax-encrusted candlesticks with BOILING WATER for corporate events at a FRIGGING GOLF CLUB. Am I giving Delphic a fair hearing? No. I did have a real job once, though.
The Prodigy - 'Take Me To The Hospital' (Take Me To The Hospital / Cooking Vinyl)
Least scary band ever. This is extremely silly but actually rather amiable in a 'Well done on your crepe-paper Halloween costume, Darling' pat-on-head, sort of way. Actually I quite like the speedy vocals. I mean it's sort of rubbish and good all at the same time but the rubbish wins out in the end. I mean, you'll put it on the fridge for a few weeks so they feel good about themselves, but it won't go in the family scrapbook.
On Histories of Rosenberg - 'On Histories of Rosenberg EP' (Function Records)
I shouldn't know that the beginning of 'Am I Awake' sounds almost exactly the same as one of the songs off Cara Dillon's first album, but sohelpme, I do. (I QUITE LIKE CARA DILLON DO YOU HAVE A PROBLEM WITH THAT ETC). Anyway, it then turns into the sort of rousing indie which is by turns super-serious and proper-rollicking. And because one of the ways in which music writers (in which category one very loosely classes oneself) can amuse themselves is to make up genre names, I have a new one for On Histories of Rosenberg. And it is crescendo+indie=Crescindie! Do you see? Really quite pleasant if you like that sort of thing, with a lovely twinkly bit at the end.
Sleepy Sun - 'Sleepy Son' (ATP)
Playing ATP New York as well as the '10 Years' blow-out in December, this is exceedingly droney and blissed-out without losing sight of either the melody / the Sabbath-style heavy. 'Sleepy Son' takes a while to get going but when it does it's so massively, unabashedly stacked that I was grinning as if I had done something, rather than just listened to something wicked - and that word in its original sense for a change. And even though they have used the word 'intense' twice in their press release still I do not regard them as irritating - which is kind of amazing this week. If ATP did a version of Guitar Hero (and I for one should like them to - just to see the advert), this would be on it. Proper noisy and proper good. Limited 10".
Data - 'Doors of Perception feat. Cell' / 'Leaves' (Tempa)
If Data had been in charge of the Open University, perhaps I might have been persuaded to finish my studies and get my ologies. Because on 'Leaves' he has managed to incorporate what sounds suspiciously like a philosophy lecture and yet it is still an eminently listenable dubstep record. Although it is a bit 5amcomingdownheneverythingisabitmuchandyouareinyour friend'sfrontroomwhichyounownoticeisactuallykindofdisgustingand filthynowyouarenotoffyourfaceanymore. If only TEECHAZ sounded like this, eh? Or perhaps that would be too startling, like when they start wearing jeans and/or Converse to SHOW THEY ARE DOWN WITH. I don't know but it is really quite good, even if the title is fearfully MEANINGFUL.
Listen at MySpace, here.
Bibio - 'Maybe They Appear In Graveyards EP' (Warp)
Really quite special - and wish I had not already written/wasted a gazillion words on lesser bands before I found it / then felt guilty for not doing it justice. Anyway you can right my many wrongs by listening at MySpace here or buying it, here. 'Lovers' Carvings' is especially beau.
Also out this week!
The Cribs - 'Cheat On Me' (Wichita)
The Dø - 'On My Shoulders' (Get Down!)
Your Twenties - 'Billionaires' (Neon Gold/ Pure Groove)
Kasabian - 'Where Did The Love Go' (RCA)
Deastro - 'Toxic Crusaders' (Ghostly International)
Wendy is on Twitter, here. Come and say hello.


text:
TUIR wrote:What is the basis measure? Is this career breadth, one season peak or sustained performance (3-5 years)? Could be interesting.
Just their general legacy. However you choose to define it. Where they stack up in the echelon of greatness. How well they'd do on the team you've picked. there is no point in setting criteria for something like this
Also, I think we should draft coaches prior to the players


text:
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President: Dana Reif
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As parents, we know how valuable your time, energy, and resources are. It's easy to feel pulled in different directions, but your kids still need you. Your time at school still matters. Please consider investing in your child's school. If you need ideas, we can help.
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Clip the Box Tops from the products you buy and place them in a baggie or envelope. Please put your child's name & grade, so we can keep track of them for contests. Drop them in the drop boxes located near the front office or in the cafeteria. Thank you for supporting the EMS PTA!
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In an effort to encourage positive behaviors, the district has instituted a program that allows our students to earn "tickets" for good behavior. Students can bank their STAR tickets at the Student Store at lunchtime and redeem them for prizes such as a locker pass, a jump to the front of the line for lunch, or a prize from the treasure box.
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Calendar |
Abraham Lincoln Tourism Bureau of
Logan County
Mary Lincoln's 'widow's fund' letters donated to presidential
library & museum
family gave unknown letters and a cash-ledger book
Send a link to a friend
[November 16, 2012]
SPRINGFIELD -- In 1865 a Wall
Street businessman with a soft spot for an unpensioned widow took up
the duty of collecting contributions for the Lincoln family in their
hour of need. Now, that man's descendants have donated the proof of
that generosity.
Thompson and his sisters, Ms. E.
Park Thompson Zimpher and Ms. Sharon Fowler Thompson Giordano, are
fourth-generation descendants of the 1865 banker, Benjamin B.
Sherman. They and their spouses traveled to Springfield and
personally handed the items to museum officials during a small
ceremony Saturday near the Treasures Gallery of the museum.
The items will go on display once cleaning and other preparations
have been performed by ALPLM staff. Research on all of the donors
listed in the cash book will be ongoing.
Benjamin B. Sherman, a grocer and banker working at 95 Wall St.,
New York, served as "general agent" or treasurer of The Lincoln
Memorial Fund to assist the Lincoln family after the president's
death. He took in contributions from across the map -- from
Davenport, Iowa, to coastal Maine, even a little from Canada and the
South -- for nearly a year. His ledger reveals a total of about
$10,750 collected, from hundreds of people, some of whom donated a
dollar and others more. It also shows the accruing interest,
Sherman's small expenses in advertising the fund and its final
disbursal to Mrs. Lincoln in May 1866.
Even more revealing are the three letters being donated along
with the "Cash Book." Two letters by Mary Lincoln and one by Robert
Lincoln show the calm selflessness of the son and the frantic worry
of the mother at about eight months after the president's death.
(One of the letters by Mary was published in the 1972 edition of her
correspondence, though incompletely transcribed there.)
Robert writes to Mr. Sherman: "I wish whatever of the fund there
is in your hands to be solely appropriated to my mother. The income
which I derive from my father's estate is sufficient to maintain me
until I begin to earn my living. The same is of course true with
regard to my brother (Tad, nearly 13 years old)."
Lincoln had died with an estate valued at about $110,000, which
was divided evenly among Mary, Robert and Tad.
In late 1865, Robert was studying law under an eminent Chicago
attorney whom his father had known. Mary and Tad were moving around
every few months between hotels and then a house she bought at 375
W. Washington St. in Chicago.
The already published letter by Mary Lincoln to Sherman, dated
Dec. 26, 1865, reveals her anger, jealousy and despair. She thanks
him for his assistance and states:
We are
homeless, and in return for the sacrifices, my great & noble Husband
made, both, in his life & death, the paltry, first
year's salary, is offered us, under the
circumstances; such injustice, has been done us, as would call
the blush, to any true loyal heart! The sum is in reality,
only $20,000, as the first month's salary, was paid My husband & I
presume, the tax, on it, will be deducted from it. The interest, of
it, will be about $1500. I am humiliated, when I think, that we are
destined, to be forever, homeless. I can write no more.
Her lengthy postscript reports a rumor that a similar fund in
Boston had raised $10,000 for her, and she asks Sherman to write to
Boston to investigate.
[to top of second column]
The next letter to Sherman, never before seen by historians, is
dated Jan. 13, 1866. It reveals what exactly troubled her besides
the tax taken out of President Lincoln's annual salary.
May I ask you, as a
last favor, to see Mr Moser & Godfrey, when you receive this, and
have the fur bill cut down considerably. Your influence can
accomplish this.
There is no evidence here of what, if anything, Sherman tried to
do to ask merchants to reduce or eliminate Mary Lincoln's many other
debts, most of them to clothiers and jewelers.
"We are delighted to be able to share this important piece of
Lincoln history with all Americans through this gift to the Lincoln
Presidential Library and Museum," said Thompson. "The letters and
cash book offer revealing insights into the mindsets and feelings of
the Lincoln family in the aftermath of the assassination of
President Lincoln."
Lincoln's annual salary of $25,000 while president was roughly
equivalent to $1 million today, nearly the highest the chief
executive's pay had ever been, measured against the overall cost of
living. Congress' willingness to give Mrs. Lincoln the final 11
months' worth of it -- the president had already collected a month's
worth, before dying six weeks into his second term -- was
unprecedented in U.S. history.
As an attorney in Springfield, he may have earned about $5,000 a
year before his election.
The interest from Sherman's Dollar Fund, plus the interest from
Mary' Lincoln's share of her husband's estate, plus the interest
from Congress' gift of his 1865 salary came to roughly $4,500 a year
after taxes. This was a very comfortable living then -- but Mary had
an estimated $26,000 in debts run up from the White House years, and
an unknown number of merchants were pressing her to pay.
Her sense of the "injustice" was fair in one respect. In tribute
to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's military victory in the war, the nation
had given him fine houses in Galena, New York City and Washington,
D.C. Sir Morton Peto, a British industrialist mentioned in Mary
Lincoln's first letter to Sherman, had been given a banquet costing
$25,000 by his New York friends the previous week, to thank him for
his support of the Northern war effort and to assist him during his
own financial troubles that year.
Mary Lincoln repeated many of the figures a few days later to her
friend Mary Jane Welles, wife of the secretary of the Navy. And
about a week after that she tried to arrange the sale of roughly
$2,000 worth of jewelry in New York with the assistance of Tad's
[Text from file received from
the Illinois Historic
Preservation Agency]
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text:
Mandi Lennard
Mandi Lennard is a fashion PR and the founder of fashion consultancy Mandi's Basement. Lennard moved to Paris at 18 to seek work as an interpreter, but instead began working for Benetton and soon moved to London to become a buyer for the company. This led to a buying position at Browns, where she remained for 6 years before settling on a career in PR.
In 1998, Lennard set up Mandi Lennard Publicity (now Mandi's Basement) with a single client, Dazed & Confused magazine. Lennard has been recognised for her role in burgeoning London talent and was instrumental in developing the London club BoomBox, whose latest permutation webzine Ponystep.com is among her current clients. Lennard now focuses more on project and consultancy based work, with clients including Barbie, M.A.C Cosmetics and Oasis. Her long-standing clients inlcude Gareth Pugh and Roksanda Ilincic, both of whom she has worked with since their graduations.
Lennard also works with LOVE Magazine and has been collaborating with Katie Grand for 10 years. She also represents leading restaurateurs Bistrotheque, with whom she has worked since they opened in 2004.
Salvatore Ferragamo - Spring / Summer 2019 Womenswear Panel Discussion
Mandi Lennard presents a live stream.
Chanel - Autumn / Winter 2018 Haute Couture Panel Discussion
Mandi Lennard presents a live stream.
- Mandi Lennard presents a live stream.
- Mandi Lennard presents a live stream.


text:
. Başlanğıc
. Git Basics
. Git Branching
. Git on the Server
- .1 The Protocols
- .2 Getting Git on a Server
- .3 Generating Your SSH Public Key
- .4 Setting Up the Server
- .5 Public Access
- .6 GitWeb
- .7 Gitosis
- .8 Gitolite
- .9 Git Daemon
- .10 Hosted Git
- .11 Summary
. Distributed Git
. Git Tools
- .1 Revision Selection
- .2 Interactive Staging
- .3 Stashing
- .4 Rewriting History
- .5 Debugging with Git
- .6 Submodules
- .7 Subtree Merging
- .8 Summary
. Customizing Git
. Git and Other Systems
- .1 Git and Subversion
- .2 Migrating to Git
- .3 Summary
. Git Internals
- .1 Plumbing and Porcelain
- .2 Git Objects
- .3 Git References
- .4 Packfiles
- .5 The Refspec
- .6 Transfer Protocols
- .7 Maintenance and Data Recovery
- .8 Summary
.2 Git Basics - Recording Changes to the Repository
Recording Changes to the Repository
You have a bona fide Git repository and a checkout or working copy of the files for that project. You need to make some changes and commit snapshots of those changes into your repository each time the project reaches a state you want to record.
Remember that each file in your working directory can be in one of two states: tracked or untracked. Tracked files are files that were in the last snapshot; they can be unmodified, modified, or staged. Untracked files are everything else — any files in your working directory that were not in your last snapshot and are not in your staging area. When you first clone a repository, all of your files will be tracked and unmodified because you just checked them out and haven't edited anything.
As you edit files, Git sees them as modified, because you've changed them since your last commit. You stage these modified files and then commit all your staged changes, and the cycle repeats. This lifecycle is illustrated in Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-1. The lifecycle of the status of your files.
Checking the Status of Your Files
The main tool you use to determine which files are in which state is the
git status command. If you run this command directly after a clone, you should see something like this:
$ git status
# On branch master
nothing to commit, working directory clean
This means you have a clean working directory — in other words, there are no tracked and modified files. Git also doesn't see any untracked files, or they would be listed here. Finally, the command tells you which branch you're on. For now, that is always
master, which is the default; you won't worry about it here. The next chapter will go over branches and references in detail.
Let's say you add a new file to your project, a simple
README file. If the file didn't exist before, and you run
git status, you see your untracked file like so:
$ vim README
$ git status
# On branch master
# Untracked files:
# (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
You can see that your new
README file is untracked, because it's under the "Untracked files" heading in your status output. Untracked basically means that Git sees a file you didn't have in the previous snapshot (commit); Git won't start including it in your commit snapshots until you explicitly tell it to do so. It does this so you don't accidentally begin including generated binary files or other files that you did not mean to include. You do want to start including README, so let's start tracking the file.
Tracking New Files
In order to begin tracking a new file, you use the command
git add. To begin tracking the
README file, you can run this:
$ git add README
If you run your status command again, you can see that your
README file is now tracked and staged:
$ git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
# new file: README
You can tell that it's staged because it's under the "Changes to be committed" heading. If you commit at this point, the version of the file at the time you ran
git add is what will be in the historical snapshot. You may recall that when you ran
git init earlier, you then ran
git add (files) — that was to begin tracking files in your directory. The
git add command takes a path name for either a file or a directory; if it's a directory, the command adds all the files in that directory recursively.
Staging Modified Files
Let's change a file that was already tracked. If you change a previously tracked file called
benchmarks.rb and then run your
status command again, you get something that looks like this:
$ git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
# new file: README
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# modified: benchmarks.rb
benchmarks.rb file appears under a section named "Changes not staged for commit" — which means that a file that is tracked has been modified in the working directory but not yet staged. To stage it, you run the
git add command (it's a multipurpose command — you use it to begin tracking new files, to stage files, and to do other things like marking merge-conflicted files as resolved). Let's run
git add now to stage the
benchmarks.rb file, and then run
git status again:
$ git add benchmarks.rb
$ git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
# new file: README
# modified: benchmarks.rb
Both files are staged and will go into your next commit. At this point, suppose you remember one little change that you want to make in
benchmarks.rb before you commit it. You open it again and make that change, and you're ready to commit. However, let's run
git status one more time:
$ vim benchmarks.rb
$ git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
# new file: README
# modified: benchmarks.rb
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# modified: benchmarks.rb
What the heck? Now
benchmarks.rb is listed as both staged and unstaged. How is that possible? It turns out that Git stages a file exactly as it is when you run the
git add command. If you commit now, the version of
benchmarks.rb as it was when you last ran the
git add command is how it will go into the commit, not the version of the file as it looks in your working directory when you run
git commit. If you modify a file after you run
git add, you have to run
git add again to stage the latest version of the file:
$ git add benchmarks.rb
$ git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
# new file: README
# modified: benchmarks.rb
Ignoring Files
Often, you'll have a class of files that you don't want Git to automatically add or even show you as being untracked. These are generally automatically generated files such as log files or files produced by your build system. In such cases, you can create a file listing patterns to match them named
.gitignore. Here is an example
.gitignore file:
$ cat .gitignore
The first line tells Git to ignore any files ending in
.o or
.a — object and archive files that may be the product of building your code. The second line tells Git to ignore all files that end with a tilde (
~), which is used by many text editors such as Emacs to mark temporary files. You may also include a
tmp, or
pid directory; automatically generated documentation; and so on. Setting up a
.gitignore file before you get going is generally a good idea so you don't accidentally commit files that you really don't want in your Git repository.
The rules for the patterns you can put in the
.gitignore file are as follows:
- Blank lines or lines starting with
#are ignored.
- Standard glob patterns work.
- You can end patterns with a forward slash (
/) to specify a directory.
- You can negate a pattern by starting it with an exclamation point (
Glob patterns are like simplified regular expressions that shells use. An asterisk (
*) matches zero or more characters;
[abc] matches any character inside the brackets (in this case
b, or
c); a question mark (
?) matches a single character; and brackets enclosing characters separated by a hyphen(
[0-9]) matches any character in the range (in this case 0 through 9) .
Here is another example
.gitignore file:
# a comment - this is ignored
# no .a files
# but do track lib.a, even though you're ignoring .a files above
# only ignore the root TODO file, not subdir/TODO
# ignore all files in the build/ directory
# ignore doc/notes.txt, but not doc/server/arch.txt
Viewing Your Staged and Unstaged Changes
If the
git status command is too vague for you — you want to know exactly what you changed, not just which files were changed — you can use the
git diff command. We'll cover
git diff in more detail later; but you'll probably use it most often to answer these two questions: What have you changed but not yet staged? And what have you staged that you are about to commit? Although
git status answers those questions very generally,
git diff shows you the exact lines added and removed — the patch, as it were.
Let's say you edit and stage the
README file again and then edit the
benchmarks.rb file without staging it. If you run your
status command, you once again see something like this:
$ git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
# new file: README
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# modified: benchmarks.rb
To see what you've changed but not yet staged, type
git diff with no other arguments:
$ git diff
diff --git a/benchmarks.rb b/benchmarks.rb
index 3cb747f..da65585 100644
--- a/benchmarks.rb
+++ b/benchmarks.rb
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ def main
+ run_code(x, 'commits 1') do
+ git.commits.size
+ end
run_code(x, 'commits 2') do
log = git.commits('master', 15)
That command compares what is in your working directory with what is in your staging area. The result tells you the changes you've made that you haven't yet staged.
If you want to see what you've staged that will go into your next commit, you can use
git diff --cached. (In Git versions 1.6.1 and later, you can also use
git diff --staged, which may be easier to remember.) This command compares your staged changes to your last commit:
$ git diff --cached
diff --git a/README b/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03902a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README2
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ by Tom Preston-Werner, Chris Wanstrath
+ http://github.com/mojombo/grit
+Grit is a Ruby library for extracting information from a Git repository
It's important to note that
git diff by itself doesn't show all changes made since your last commit — only changes that are still unstaged. This can be confusing, because if you've staged all of your changes,
git diff will give you no output.
For another example, if you stage the
benchmarks.rb file and then edit it, you can use
git diff to see the changes in the file that are staged and the changes that are unstaged:
$ git add benchmarks.rb
$ echo '# test line' >> benchmarks.rb
$ git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# modified: benchmarks.rb
# Changes not staged for commit:
# modified: benchmarks.rb
Now you can use
git diff to see what is still unstaged
$ git diff
diff --git a/benchmarks.rb b/benchmarks.rb
index e445e28..86b2f7c 100644
--- a/benchmarks.rb
+++ b/benchmarks.rb
@@ -127,3 +127,4 @@ end
##pp Grit::GitRuby.cache_client.stats
+# test line
git diff --cached to see what you've staged so far:
$ git diff --cached
diff --git a/benchmarks.rb b/benchmarks.rb
index 3cb747f..e445e28 100644
--- a/benchmarks.rb
+++ b/benchmarks.rb
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ def main
+ run_code(x, 'commits 1') do
+ git.commits.size
+ end
run_code(x, 'commits 2') do
log = git.commits('master', 15)
Committing Your Changes
Now that your staging area is set up the way you want it, you can commit your changes. Remember that anything that is still unstaged — any files you have created or modified that you haven't run
git add on since you edited them — won't go into this commit. They will stay as modified files on your disk.
In this case, the last time you ran
git status, you saw that everything was staged, so you're ready to commit your changes. The simplest way to commit is to type
git commit:
$ git commit
Doing so launches your editor of choice. (This is set by your shell's
$EDITOR environment variable — usually vim or emacs, although you can configure it with whatever you want using the
git config --global core.editor command as you saw in Chapter 1).
The editor displays the following text (this example is a Vim screen):
# Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
# with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
# new file: README
# modified: benchmarks.rb
".git/COMMIT_EDITMSG" 10L, 283C
You can see that the default commit message contains the latest output of the
git status command commented out and one empty line on top. You can remove these comments and type your commit message, or you can leave them there to help you remember what you're committing. (For an even more explicit reminder of what you've modified, you can pass the
-v option to
git commit. Doing so also puts the diff of your change in the editor so you can see exactly what you did.) When you exit the editor, Git creates your commit with that commit message (with the comments and diff stripped out).
Alternatively, you can type your commit message inline with the
commit command by specifying it after a
-m flag, like this:
$ git commit -m "Story 182: Fix benchmarks for speed"
[master]: created 463dc4f: "Fix benchmarks for speed"
2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 README
Now you've created your first commit! You can see that the commit has given you some output about itself: which branch you committed to (
master), what SHA-1 checksum the commit has (
463dc4f), how many files were changed, and statistics about lines added and removed in the commit.
Remember that the commit records the snapshot you set up in your staging area. Anything you didn't stage is still sitting there modified; you can do another commit to add it to your history. Every time you perform a commit, you're recording a snapshot of your project that you can revert to or compare to later.
Skipping the Staging Area
Although it can be amazingly useful for crafting commits exactly how you want them, the staging area is sometimes a bit more complex than you need in your workflow. If you want to skip the staging area, Git provides a simple shortcut. Providing the
-a option to the
git commit command makes Git automatically stage every file that is already tracked before doing the commit, letting you skip the
git add part:
$ git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
# modified: benchmarks.rb
$ git commit -a -m 'added new benchmarks'
[master 83e38c7] added new benchmarks
1 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
Notice how you don't have to run
git add on the
benchmarks.rb file in this case before you commit.
Removing Files
To remove a file from Git, you have to remove it from your tracked files (more accurately, remove it from your staging area) and then commit. The
git rm command does that and also removes the file from your working directory so you don't see it as an untracked file next time around.
If you simply remove the file from your working directory, it shows up under the "Changes not staged for commit" (that is, unstaged) area of your
git status output:
$ rm grit.gemspec
$ git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# deleted: grit.gemspec
Then, if you run
git rm, it stages the file's removal:
$ git rm grit.gemspec
rm 'grit.gemspec'
$ git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
# deleted: grit.gemspec
The next time you commit, the file will be gone and no longer tracked. If you modified the file and added it to the index already, you must force the removal with the
-f option. This is a safety feature to prevent accidental removal of data that hasn't yet been recorded in a snapshot and that can't be recovered from Git.
Another useful thing you may want to do is to keep the file in your working tree but remove it from your staging area. In other words, you may want to keep the file on your hard drive but not have Git track it anymore. This is particularly useful if you forgot to add something to your
.gitignore file and accidentally added it, like a large log file or a bunch of
.a compiled files. To do this, use the
--cached option:
$ git rm --cached readme.txt
You can pass files, directories, and file-glob patterns to the
git rm command. That means you can do things such as
$ git rm log/\*.log
Note the backslash (
\) in front of the
*. This is necessary because Git does its own filename expansion in addition to your shell's filename expansion. This command removes all files that have the
.log extension in the
log/ directory. Or, you can do something like this:
$ git rm \*~
This command removes all files that end with
Moving Files
Unlike many other VCS systems, Git doesn't explicitly track file movement. If you rename a file in Git, no metadata is stored in Git that tells it you renamed the file. However, Git is pretty smart about figuring that out after the fact — we'll deal with detecting file movement a bit later.
Thus it's a bit confusing that Git has a
mv command. If you want to rename a file in Git, you can run something like
$ git mv file_from file_to
and it works fine. In fact, if you run something like this and look at the status, you'll see that Git considers it a renamed file:
$ git mv README.txt README
$ git status
# On branch master
# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
# renamed: README.txt -> README
However, this is equivalent to running something like this:
$ mv README.txt README
$ git rm README.txt
$ git add README
Git figures out that it's a rename implicitly, so it doesn't matter if you rename a file that way or with the
mv command. The only real difference is that
mv is one command instead of three — it's a convenience function. More important, you can use any tool you like to rename a file, and address the add/rm later, before you commit.


text:
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text:
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2013 Press Releases
September 18, 2013
The American Diabetes Association Promotes Diabetes Prevention and Advocacy at the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation's Annual Legislative Conference
The American Diabetes Association (Association) is proud to participate in the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation's (CBCF) 43rd Annual Legislative Conference (ALC), the premier conference on legislative and policy issues impacting the African American community.
September 13, 2013
En el Mes de la Herencia Hispana, la Asociación Americana de la Diabetes Promueve la Actividad Física y los Hábitos Saludables.
Durante el Mes de la Herencia Hispana, el país conmemora la historia, cultura y grandes contribuciones de la comunidad hispana, la Asociación Americana de la Diabetes (Asociación) se une a esta celebración con el objetivo de promover la importancia de la actividad física y los hábitos saludables para darle un Alto a la Diabetes®.
September 13, 2013
The American Diabetes Association Celebrates Hispanic Heritage Month by Promoting Physical Activity and Healthy Habits
During Hispanic Heritage Month (HHM), as the nation honors the rich histories, cultures and contributions of the Hispanic community, the American Diabetes Association (Association) is proud to join in the celebration by promoting physical activity and healthy habits in an effort to Stop Diabetes®.
September 11, 2013
Subway Development Corporation of Washington, D.C. Reaches One Million in Contributions to the Fight to Stop Diabetes®
The American Diabetes Association (Association) is pleased to announce a $360,000 donation from the McLean, Virginia-based Subway Development Corporation of Washington (SDC). The check was presented to the Association yesterday at SDC's 16th Annual Charity Golf Tournament, where proceeds from the event also benefitted the Association.
September 4, 2013
American Diabetes Association and Voxiva Join Forces to Deliver Personalized Diabetes Support to Stop Diabetes® via Cell Phones
The American Diabetes Association (Association), the nation's leading voluntary health organization in the fight to Stop Diabetes®, announced a collaboration with Vovixa, a pioneer in interactive mobile health services, to help people living diabetes improve their health using their cell phones.
August 29, 2013
American Diabetes Association Announces Fifth Annual John Pipe Voices for Change Award Winners
Several leading Special Diabetes Program for Indians (SDPI) grantees were presented with the American Diabetes Association's John Pipe Voices for Change Award.
August 29, 2013
Profiles of Courage in the September Issue of Diabetes Forecast Magazine
Living with diabetes requires courage and determination. From a woman who is working to end her family history of diabetes to a NASCAR driver who is racing to raise awareness of the disease, the September issue of Diabetes Forecast profiles inspirational stories on individuals who are making a difference in the fight to Stop Diabetes®.
August 15, 2013
American Diabetes Association's Tour de Cure Launches a Women's Focused Series
With a long history in riding to help Stop Diabetes®, the American Diabetes Association's Tour de Cure, expands with a women's series.
August 13, 2013
Co-Workers, Families and Friends 'Step Out' to Stop Diabetes
This year, thousands of people in communities across the country will Join the Millions® in the fight to Stop Diabetes® by participating in the American Diabetes Association's Step Out: Walk to Stop Diabetes® event.
August 12, 2013
Dictamen de la Corte Suprema de California protege la seguridad y salud de los estudiantes con diabetes en California
La Asociación Americana de la Diabetes está sumamente complacida con el dictamen de la Corte Suprema de California en el caso de la Asociación Americana de Enfermeros contra Torlakson, un caso de suma importancia litigado por la Asociación respecto al cuidado de la diabetes en las escuelas públicas de California.
August 12, 2013
California Supreme Court Ruling Protects the Safety and Health of California Students with Diabetes
The American Diabetes Association (Association) is extremely pleased with the California Supreme Court's decision in American Nurses Association v. Torlakson, a landmark case litigated by the Association involving diabetes care in California public schools. Today's decision made it clear that state law is not an obstacle to children with diabetes receiving the proper care and the insulin they need to be healthy and medically safe at school.
July 31, 2013
Statement by the American Diabetes Association on the Need for Food and Drug Administration's Regulation of Blood Glucose Test Strips
The evolution of portable glucose meters and test strips over the past few decades has revolutionized diabetes management.
July 26, 2013
Diabetes Forecast Magazine Highlights Ways to Keep Kids with Diabetes Safe at School
The August issue of Diabetes Forecast, the Association's Healthy Living Magazine, illustrates how volunteer advocates can help resolve disputes with schools, plus how parents can help draft critical 504 plans to protect their children.
July 16, 2013
La Asociación Americana de la Diabetes promoverá la salud y la actividad física durante el congreso anual más concurrido por hispanos/latinos, que se realizará en Nueva Orleáns, LA
La Asociación Americana de la Diabetes (Asociación), la más destacada organización voluntaria de salud en la lucha para poner un Alto a la Diabetes® y sus consecuencias mortales, participará en el Congreso Anual del 2013 del Consejo Nacional de la Raza (National Council of la Raza o NCLR), que se realizará del 20-23 de julio en el Centro de Convenciones Ernest N. Morial en Nueva Orleáns.
July 16, 2013
The American Diabetes Association to Promote Health and Physical Activity to Latinos at the Nation's Largest Latino Conference in New Orleans
The American Diabetes Association (Association), the nation's leading voluntary health organization in the fight to Stop Diabetes® and its deadly consequences, will be participating in the 2013 National Council of La Raza (NCLR) Annual Conference at the Ernest N. Morial convention center in New Orleans, July 20 – 23.
July 8, 2013
American Diabetes Association Applauds the Passage of Missouri House Bill 675
The American Diabetes Association (Association) is pleased to announce the passage of Missouri House Bill 675, a key piece of legislation in the fight to keep children with diabetes medically safe at school.
June 28, 2013
ADA/EASD/IDF Statement Concerning the Use of Incretin Therapy and Pancreatic Disease
ADA/EASD/IDF recommendations for clinicians and people with diabetes concerning the use of incretin therapy and pancreatic disease.
June 28, 2013
"Her Beloved World": Supreme Court Justice Sotomayor Reflects on Living Well with Diabetes
The July issue of Diabetes Forecast, the Healthy Living Magazine of the American Diabetes Association, features a candid interview with U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor, who proves that diabetes need not stand in the way of a person's dreams.
June 24, 2013
Lifestyle Intervention Did Not Reduce Cardiovascular Events in Obese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
For obese people with type 2 diabetes, a long-term intensive lifestyle intervention program, focused on weight loss, can improve physical quality of life, reduce microvascular complications, lower the risk of depression and lower medical costs by reducing the need for hospitalizations, outpatient care and medications, according to research presented today at the American Diabetes Association's 73rd Scientific Sessions®.
June 23, 2013
Can Health Care Systems Motivate Patients to Change their Lifestyles and Improve their Health?
Previous research has shown that lifestyle changes such as increasing exercise and making better food choices can help people lose weight, and prevent diabetes and its complications.


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It may lack the retro slick design of its main competitor, the Olympus E-P1, but Panasonic gets it almost pitch perfect with the Lumix DMC-GF1, a jacket-pocket-size interchangeable-lens model with the feel and features that draw people to enthusiast compacts like the Canon PowerShot G11. While it's still not quite suited for action shooting or serious low-light photography, those weaknesses are a lot more forgivable at the GF1's $900-or-so price than the GH1's $1,500 level. However, if you're looking for a kids'n'pets-friendly speed improvement over a point-and-shoot, the lack of an optical viewfinder for continuous shooting is still the main weakness versus a similarly priced dSLR.
I tested the GF1 with both the 20mm and 14-45mm lenses, but unfortunately was unable to get an optional viewfinder for evaluation; the viewfinder connects above the LCD and sits in the hot shoe, which precludes using a hot-shoe flash with it. In general, the Micro Four Thirds lenses used by Panasonic and Olympus' mirrorless, interchangeable-lens cameras tend to be pricey, and there aren't a lot of them yet. You also need to check the specs on the lenses before you buy; Panasonic relies on optical image stabilization, while Olympus uses sensor shift, something to keep in mind if you're mixing and matching systems. Even then, the 20mm Panasonic lens lacks optical image stabilization–some might argue that you don't need it for such a short focal length–and doesn't support continuous autofocus, which you might want for movie capture. (Check out Panasonic's table of lens compatibility for more information.) But both lenses are relatively sharp and comfortable for manual focus.
Sturdily built with a shallow, but ultimately sufficiently large, grip, everything about the GF1's design seems to address the needs of both enthusiasts and people stepping up from point-and-shoots. It offers a lot of features, but as long as you're not a newbie you should find all the controls pretty easy to understand and find, without too much menu diving. For instance, the switch for burst shooting, bracketing, and self-timer is right around the mode dial, more easily found and accessed than on most models.
Despite a lot of similarities, Panasonic uses a different interface for the GF1 than for the GH1, though the goal of conveying the relationship between aperture and shutter speed as you change the settings remains.
The camera also offers a lot of flexibility. Unsurprisingly, the GF1 shares much in common with the G1 and GH1, including the unusual seven-frame bracketing option (although with the same drawback of no full stop setting). Though much of the innards are similar to the GH1, there are some differences in behavior. For instance, since they use different sensors, when you select the different aspect ratio options in the GF1 it crops the image instead of preserving the full resolution as the GH1 does. Like the ZS3, the GF1 also offers face recognition. You can register up to six faces in the camera memory with names and birthdays, priority (for AF and exposure), and a custom focus icon. During playback, the person's name appears. However, you can't use this information to search during playback, and it doesn't seem to appear anywhere in the EXIF data for the photo.
The two custom settings slots on the mode dial hold two sets each. Though not as sophisticated as the GH1's Creative Movie mode, the GF1's Motion Picture program mode allows you to adjust exposure compensation and aperture. And a (poorly named) Peripheral Defocus scene mode functions as a kind of wide-aperture-priority mode for obtaining shallow-depth-of-field photos. Panasonic is pretty good about giving you direct access to the most frequently used shooting controls. The navigation buttons bring up white balance (including two manual slots and color temperature), ISO sensitivity, AF mode (face detection, tracking, 23 area, or single area), and a function button to which you can assign film mode, aspect ratio, quality, metering, intelligent exposure, and a few display options. The Q.Menu button pulls up the rest of the important settings: flash options, color/film modes (standard, dynamic, nature, smooth, nostalgic, vibrant, plus black-and-white versions of standard dynamic and smooth), stabilizer options (active, on prefocus, and y-axis only) used in conjunction with an optically stabilized lens, still- and video-recording quality, LCD brightness options, and duplications of some of the direct-access control options. If you don't want to use the full onscreen display, you can also set the camera to display the settings around the edges of the screen and cycle around them that way.
You can also preview changes to settings such as aperture and shutter speed, to gauge the effects in advance; though it's somewhat hard to see depth-of-field changes, and you can only get a general sense of the shutter speed effect because of the LCD refresh, the capability to preview exposure may be invaluable for some. The implementation on the GF1 is better than on the GH1, since it doesn't require jumping into a special mode. My only gripe with the design is the rather small, hard-to-feel movie record button.
For video, you can set encoder type (AVCHD or Motion JPEG MOV files), quality (60fps 720p at three different bit rate choices, and various lower resolution options), metering, four levels of Intelligent Exposure, and four levels of wind filtering. While AVCHD is a more efficient encoder than Motion JPEG and you can record up to the capacity of the card, the AVCHD MTS files need to be transcoded before you can post them online or send them around to friends. (You can find a complete description of the camera's features and operation by downloading a PDF manual.)
The GF1 performs similarly to the G1, and markedly better than the E-P1. Its autofocus system operates quickly, especially compared with the Live Mode AF of digital SLRs; unlike those models, it supports continuous AF during movie capture and is very responsive. It powers up and shoots in a zippy 0.8 second. In bright light, the camera snaps a photo in 0.5 second; in low-contrast light, it takes 0.6 second. It typically takes about 0.7 second to shoot two consecutive images, with just over half a second added for flash recycling time. While its 2.8 frames per second continuous-shooting rate is competitive for its class, the lack of an optical viewfinder makes keeping active subjects in frame the real burst shooting problem, not frame rate or AF tracking. The autofocus operates just a tad slower than I'd like during movie capture, but it's adequate.
Though it's not articulated like that of the G1 and GH1, the LCD is quite nice: bright, large, and viewable in bright sunlight. Panasonic CIPA rates the battery at about 350 shots, which is a bit low, but in practice that seems a conservative estimate. And the rating of more than 2.5 hours of video shooting (it depends upon the lens) is better than many camcorders.
The GF1 delivers photo quality on par or slightly better than the G1–it improves on the G1's exposure and color accuracy–and with entry-level dSLRs, and I'd rank them as two of Panasonic's best digital cameras to date in this respect. Depending upon subject matter and lighting, the GF1's ISO 1,600 photos look acceptable printed as large as 12×16; more generally, color noise appears in JPEGs at ISO 400, with detail smearing becoming a problem by ISO 800. However, overall color consistency remains good as you increase sensitivity. You can also generally get better noise performance by shooting raw, however, and adjusting the settings yourself.
My one complaint is that occasionally scene elements in depth-of-field limbo–not quite out of focus but not quite in–had a tendency to look oddly digital. Not crunchy or oversharpened, just…digital. Nonetheless, overall I was very pleased with the GF1's photos. I'm less enthused about the camera's movie quality. It's not bad at best quality, saturated and relatively sharp with no unusual artifacts, but the 720p video looks soft when scaled up for a large display or TV.
The Panasonic Lumix DMC-GF1 is the first camera to truly deliver on the benefit of a mirrorless system: interchangeable lenses in a compact design without sacrificing features, speed, or photo quality at a competitive price. Its one drawback is the inherent inappropriateness of an LCD/EVF-based viewfinder system for shooting action. But if you aspire to something more sophisticated than a point-and-shoot and will be shooting subjects slower moving than toddling kids and running pets–and it's still better than the typical snapshot camera for that–I recommend the GF1.


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