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Text from "Encounters and Reflections", by Arthur Danto
"ON JANUARY 24, 1937 the Catalan artist Joan Miró, prevented by civil war from returning to his homeland, set up in the gallery of his Paris dealer, Pierre Loeb, a still life on which he worked every day for a month. The painting was finished in his studio on May 29 of that difficult year. It consists of an apple, into which a lethal, six-tined fork has been stuck; a gin bottle shrouded in torn newspaper, secured with a thong; a heel of bread; and a left shoe, its lace untied. The apple is brown, so perhaps rotten; the bread is dried; the shoe, we learn from the title Still Life with Old Shoe, is worn. Each object relates to a heavy shadow, represented by black free-forms of the sort we associate with Miró's vocabulary of shapes-forms that came to be emblems of modern art in the plaques of Hans Arp, in the flat metal pieces on Calder mobiles and in modernesque jewelry and coffee tables, and which have their natural counterparts in deeply lobed leaves or kidneys or human feet. It is possible to read the shadow cast by the gin bottle as a weeping silhouette, but it is also possible to read too much into the painting, wanting it to be deep. The shoe is painted in yellows and greens, reds and bright blues-footwear for a one-legged harlequin. James Thrall Soby compared the work-polemical, memorial, ostensibly lamentational-with Picasso's Guernica, to which it was allegedly intended as an artistic response.
"Form for me is never something abstract," Miró once said. "It is always a token of something. . . . For me, form is never an end in itself." So here is a work of political reference and artistic allusion, a work supposed to draw its meaning from the events that elicited it and from other art elicited by those events. But how could one tell, descending the coiled ramp of the Guggenheim Museum, that this is a piece of political art, an exile's meditation on war and loss, a dark poem in a dark time, a counterthrust in the style wars of Paris? It looks like what its title says it is: a still life with a shoe. The shoe is luminous, parti-colored, comical. But the image is otherwise realistic and recognizable, like a good cartoon. That fact sets it off from the works that immediately surround it: Miró had not painted objects realistically and recognizably since 1923, even if his forms were always tokens of real things. But that fact, if it is even relevant, would not be visible in the painting alone, without the context of its peers.
"I saw this wonderful exhibition on a sparkling May morning. The Guggenheim must have had its skylight washed of the accumulated Manhattan soot for the occasion, and the brilliant sky was mirrored in the blue pool (itself almost a Miró shape) at the base of the ramp, making the museum's core a well of light. Outside in the park, under the new green, there were runners in bright costumes, vendors, children, dogs. The paintings themselves were gay and playful, and filled with creatures so inventive and good-humored that one had the sense of passing through a display of zoological or botanical or entomological extravagances-whiskered, flittering innocent beings, utterly unsuited to the struggle for existence, goggle-eyed, bearing the blank staring expressions of brilliant fish in tropical waters, or insects in flower-mad gardens, or radiant birds flying among ornamental planets. Where there were humans, they seemed mainly to be carriers of jolly genitalia. Still Life with Old Shoe ought to have stood darkly against the ambient gaiety like the Ancient Mariner at the wedding feast. Instead, it looked like part of the carnival, as if the wedding guests had refused to accept the spell of the old loon's tale, had decked the mariner out with silk and ribbons and made him part of the dance. The external knowledge of the circumstances in which the painting was made, however, fought against this spontaneous assimilation, and demanded that one reflect on the fact that one was traversing a total life in art (Miró died in 1983, at the age of ninety). Ought the contradiction between what we know about this painting and the overall sense of hedonistic celebration call the latter into question? After all, that is exactly the contradiction between the meaning of the painting and its surface. Or is this particular painting a failure, Miró not being up to expressing that level of intention?
"It would, I think, be remarkable if each of the paintings in the show held a tension at all like the one I find in Still Life with Old Shoe, for then their meanings would be so external to their formal achievement that we would need a dictionary to read the show. A shoe, a bottle, a piece of fruit with a fork in it or a knife, a crust of bread-these compose the pedagogical still life set up in the art academies of that era. For all one knows, Miró's painting is an exercise in nostalgia for the Barcelona art schools of his youth. There is a tradition of mystical still life painting in Spain, where achingly familiar objects are transfigured by an unearthly light against an impenetrable blackness. In 1922 Miró had painted a number of severe still lifes of carbide lamps and grills, kitchen utensils and, in one case, a blade of wheat, displayed like the emblems of martyrdom in uncanny spaces and immersed in a light so absolute that the shadows have been reduced to thin drawn lines. But these, like almost everything he did before 1923, seem to be about art. There is an early still life in the Cubist manner, in which a live rabbit and rooster are juxtaposed with a demijohn and a smoked fish on a sheet of newspaper together with an onion, a pepper and some greens, which may refer to the bodegón tradition of Spanish still life painting, or for that matter may refer to Cubism rather than stand solidly in that style of representation. Standing outside a style to which he refers, a stranger and a commentator, detached, a bit derisive, putting bits and pieces of art to his own ends, associated with the Surrealists but never finally one of them, a Parisian but an outsider, Miró seems insufficiently in the world to be making a statement about it rather than a statement about statements or about styles. So Still Life with Old Shoe comes as an interruption. Small wonder we would never have known it was a response to the Civil War in Spain if no one told us. Small wonder it fails to communicate the feeling it was intended to convey. Small wonder the surrounding works refuse to allow it to speak of suffering. It is too isolated, like a single serious and direct thing-"By the way, I am dying"-uttered in the monologue of a great comedian.
"Consider in this light Miró's climactic masterpiece, The Farm, executed over nine months in the three places that defined his life from 1921 to 1922: the parental farm at Montroig, Barcelona and Paris. In those years, indeed as a regular rhythm until the Civil War put a stop to it, Miró moved between Catalonia and Paris, between the tradition in which he sought his identity and the brittle world of Parisian intellect, where he lived among poets and thinkers rather than the cultural patriots of his native province. The two forms of life, one feels, pulled him in two directions, and this tension is embodied in The Farm. The painting has the unsettling quality of something observed and at the same time dreamed of or remembered. Hemingway, who owned it, described it perfectly: "It has in it all that you feel about Spain when you are there and all that you feel when you are away and cannot go there." Hemingway went on to say, "No one else has been able to paint these two very opposing things." What is remarkable about the painting is the oppositions it internalizes, just as Miró himself internalized as a matter of personality the circumstances of his shuttled existence. Picasso belonged wherever he was. Miró belonged only where he wasn't: his not being in Paris defined his Spanish reality, and vice versa.
"The Farm is energized by two incompatible artistic realities, corresponding to the polarities of Miró's life. It has the obsessive documentation of visual reality that we find in primitive painting: each leaf on the dominating eucalyptus tree is separately painted, each rock in the stony field to the right is given an autonomous space, each blade of grass is given its own identity. The lichen on the cracked façade of the farm building on the left defeats this impulse: you cannot register lichen spore by spore, at least not in the middle distance of a landscape where spores would be negligible specks in proportion to the façade they adhere to-though the particularity of treatment gives an uncanny microscopy to that surface. The barking dog, the rabbit, the snail, the cock, the donkey, the dove, the pail, the watering can, the wagon, the plow, the dozens of farm implements, the farmer's wife, the baby by the wash trough, are each suspended in the shadowless clarity of a metaphysical illumination-it is the kind of light one gets through an optical instrument. The space recedes to distant mountains, but the trees and bushes at the horizon are treated with the same measured detail as the foreground objects, as if perception were indifferent to distance. All this pulls the farthest objects forward to the surface plane, and indeed, when we look carefully, we notice that the plane on which all these objects are arrayed, and which seems to recede, is itself tipped up. There is, for instance, a tiled area, supposed to be lying flat on the ground, which in fact is parallel to the surface. Behind it, again, is a path that seems at once to go back and to rise up, like an abstract flame. It is as though the artist had intermixed, in a single work, the illusory space of traditional landscape with the shallow space of Cubism, so that everything is on the surface and at the same time bears no relation to the surface, which, after all, is not part of the landscape. There is, for example, a trestle table in the middle distance in the form of a letter A. If it is a letter, it belongs on the surface, as writing. An A in the landscape is dissonant, as if the work were a rebus puzzle. But a table, of course, belongs to the world of a farm. Everything is inside and outside at once. And superimposed on the primitive meticulousness of a picturesque farm are the devices of the most sophisticated painting of the century so far. Part of what brings everything to the surface are the Cubist rhythms, the sense of pattern, of fragmentation, of reduction and abstraction. "No one could look at it," Hemingway wrote, "and not know it had been painted by a great painter." He is right, but no one who knows great painting can look at it without sensing the divided consciousness and the aesthetic indeterminacy of an artist who sank into his art the oppositions of his vision: Catalan and Parisian, traditionalist and Cubist, naif and cosmopolite.
"Of this great painting, Miró later said, "It was the summary of one period of my work, but also the point of departure for what was to follow." And though he could not then have known what precisely was to follow, the fact that it is the largest painting he had undertaken up to that time is an indication that he had chosen to make an important statement through it. Miró was perhaps not as poor at that stage of his life as artistic mythology maintains, but canvas and paint, then as now, were costly items, especially if one had no idea if one's work was going to sell. The size of the canvas plays a part in an affecting vignette left us by Hemingway, who describes how he bore it home as a birthday present for his wife, Hadley, after paying off the last installment of the 5,000 francs it cost: "In the open taxi the wind caught the big canvas as though it were a sail, and we made the taxi driver crawl along."
"It is instructive to think of The Farm together with Still Life with Old Shoe. The latter is a failure, not so much as a painting but as a painting about war, for its subject never penetrates the work save by the external imposition of a symbolic interpretation. "In some sense," Jacques Dupin claims in his catalogue essay, "this unique and fantastic painting stands as Miró's Guernica." Dupin curated the show, and he is an enthusiast. But as Miró's Guemica, the painting fails. Miró was certainly sickened by the war in Spain, but he was not finally a political person: Art was the substance of his life and hence of his art, which is most genuine and best when, as in The Farm, it is about its own processes. The first works we encounter in the show are two drawings from 1917, before Miró had visited Paris for the first time. They are dense with Parisian references and mannerisms even so: the male and female nudes are geometrized, all arcs and angles, evidence that the news of Cubism had arrived in Spain and was deflecting advanced artists from whatever path their training would have set them on if the twentieth century had not happened instead. Miró was still dealing with Cubism in The Farm, painted five years later.
"Dealing with Cubism, for he felt at once its seductiveness and its dangers. It could not be ignored, but at the same time it almost guaranteed artistic mediocrity, for Paris in the early 1920s was full of second-generation Cubists. Picasso confided to his dealer, Daniel Henry Kahnweiler, that he had become rich by selling his license to paint guitars, alluding to the endless cubed and stretched guitars that formed the motif of the Cubist legions. The Farm was a liberation, even if Cubism remained an internal force in its dynamics. "I will smash their guitar," Miró said when he realized he had found another path, visible in The Farm only in the light radiating from his later work, which began, abruptly, in 1923. The Tilled Field of that year shows us the Miró we know and love. The space has moved so far forward that the ground is nearly vertical. A tree shows an eye amid its leaves, and has grown a hallucinatory ear from its trunk. The farm animals are there, still recognizable, but the hen has taken the form of a grotesquely unbalanced dumbbell, with a globular body and a tiny head. The mare has developed immovably thick legs, as wavy as sine curves, and her tall swishes forward like a calligraphic question mark. The whole painting is like an exultation at having broken through to the style-pictographic, idiomatic, autographic-that was to be his from now on. If he were a poet, we would say he had found his voice.
The art historian Michael Baxandall has introduced an interesting concept in discussing Picasso's portrait of Kahnweiler. There is a system of interchange between advanced artists and their patrons and critics which is analogous to a market, but which involves ideas and refinements instead of money. He gives this system the name troc, which means "barter" in French. Picasso was en troc with poets like Apollinaire and intellectuals like Kahnweiler, who demanded certain artistic performances from which they and the artist benefited. The great American painters of the 1950s were en troc with Harold Rosenberg and Clement Greenberg. Troc requires mutual interchange rather than unilateral influence, so that present-day artists are not en troc with the intellectuals they admire, such as Derrida, who knows little about painting, and Baudrillard, who cares little for it. Miró was intensely en troc with the poets and the theorists of Surrealism, with Picabia and Tzara, Breton and Masson, Artaud, Próvert, Desnos and Michel Leiris. My own sense is that his breakthrough owes a lot to this intimacy. He showed with the Surrealists, and took over a great deal of their ideology and a degree of their silliness, but as long as the conversations rang in his head, as long as he was painting for an audience that was instantly responsive and critical, he maintained a minor greatness.
"Miró remained in Paris from 1936 to 1941, the year Normandy was bombed, when he settled in Palma de Mallorca, his mother's birthplace. The next year he returned to Barcelona, where he found he could live after all. His work thinned after the war, though his productivity remained, and his influence became immense, especially in New York, where his ideas were absorbed and transcended by Gorky and Pollock and Motherwell. In a way, his truly creative life ended when the troc ended. In this regard he bears a resemblance to Chagall, who was a great artist when he was in tension with the ideologues of the School of Paris, but who simply manufactured Chagalls when the tensions eased and commerce took over. One senses that the greatness of Picasso and Matisse in part consists in their being en troc with themselves as their own intellectuals. Appropriately, there is proportionately little painting in the Guggenheim show after 1950. In those years Miró's energies mainly went into ceramics and into a kind of terra cotta sculpture. This was an artistic return, of sorts, to Catalonia, and it was a nice way to round off Miró's particular life. The show has the cadences of a marvelous biography. Go on a really sunny day."
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Dawn Perfumed by a Shower of Gold
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Hollywood's chief lobbying arm and federal trade officials are laying the groundwork for negotiations with China that could substantially increase the number of American films allowed in the country -- a long-sought goal of the major studios.
Representatives of the Motion Picture Assn. of America and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative have been working on crafting a compromise in a long-running trade dispute with China, which has had a rocky history with Hollywood but has become an increasingly vital market for the media conglomerates.
China allows only about 20 foreign films into the country each year under a revenue sharing agreement in which studios collect less than 20% of box-office revenue, compared with more than twice that in the U.S. and other international markets. Under one scenario being discussed, China would expand the revenue sharing quota to as much as 40 foreign films per year, said three people familiar with the matter who asked not to be identified because the talks are confidential.
In addition, under the proposed plan China would agree to provide greater market access to Hollywood by allowing an additional company to distribute foreign films. Currently, government-controlled China Film Group dominates the import of foreign movies into China.
It's unclear, however, when or whether a deal will be reached with the Chinese government. Officials with the U.S. Trade Representative and the MPAA declined to comment.
Newly minted MPAA Chief Executive Christopher J. Dodd, the former U.S. Senator (D-Conn.) who is seeking to elevate the association's profile in Washington, has made opening doors in China one of his top priorities since assuming the job two months ago. He plans a trip to the Shanghai International Film Festival in June in an effort to build relations with film officials there.
"You don't want to go in and start bellowing," Dodd said in an interview with The Times in March. "You're not going to get anywhere with that approach."
The efforts come as pressure mounts on China to comply with a World Trade Organization ruling in 2009. In a decision hailed as a big victory for the U.S. entertainment industry, the WTO ruled that China had violated international trade rules by restricting imports of foreign movies and other media.
In a recent report to the WTO, China said it disagreed with the ruling, which stemmed from a complaint the U.S. filed with the world body in 2007, but was willing to comply.
"China hopes relevant WTO members understand the difficult and complicated situation China is facing during the process of implementation," China officials said in a letter to the WTO. "China believes that this matter will be resolved properly through joint efforts and mutual cooperation."
But China did not meet a March 19 deadline to comply with the ruling.
With ticket sales and attendance waning in the U.S., Hollywood sees great growth potential in China with its population of more than 1.3 billion.
China ranked No. 6 in global box-office revenue last year, according to Screen Digest. That made Asia Pacific one of the fastest-growing regions for ticket sales in 2010, according to a recent MPAA report. In a sign of China's mounting importance to Hollywood, Canadian-based large screen company Imax Corp. recently signed a joint venture with China's largest theater operator to open 75 theaters in the country over the next few years.
The rapid growth of the theater industry in China has made the market that much more appealing to studios, which can generate $20 million to $40 million in ticket sales per film in the country, compared with about $1 million a decade ago. Popular movies released in China include blockbusters "Avatar," "Alice in Wonderland" and "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1."
Although most studios would prefer to see the current quota eliminated entirely, doubling the number of foreign movies in China would be a significant advancement, said Patty Mayer, an entertainment industry attorney who has worked with the MPAA. "Anything they can do to open the market would be fantastic," Mayer said.
The country's tight restriction on foreign films has long been a source of frustration for studio executives, who contend that it fosters rampant piracy. The U.S. Trade Representative recently included China among a dozen countries on its "priority watch list" for not doing enough to combat theft of intellectual property.
China has been reluctant in the past to ease its restrictions and has censored or banned content it deemed offensive, such as Martin Scorsese's 1997 film "Kundun."
But the rapid growth of China's own theater industry -- with the number of screens expected to double in the next five years -- could make the government more motivated to ease the restrictions, analysts say.
"What we've seen is the multiplexing of China," said Larry Gleason, former head of distribution for MGM. "There are many more screens to fill, therefore there is more of a need for product. That suggests there is a likelihood the cap on the number of films allowed into the marketplace should increase."


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United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination - Concluding Observations
International Convention on the Elimination
of all Forms of
Racial Discrimination
27 March 2007
Original: ENGLISH
Sixtyseventh session
2 - 19 August 2005
1. The Committee considered the fourteenth to eighteenth periodic reports of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, which were due on 4 January 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004, respectively, submitted as one document (CERD/C/476/Add.4), at its 1703rd and 1704th meetings (CERD/C/SR.1703 and 1704), held on 2 and 3 August 2005. At its 1725th meeting (CERD/C/SR.1725), held on 17 August 2005, it adopted the following concluding observations.
2. The Committee welcomes the periodic report of the State party and the fact that the State party was represented by a delegation composed of officials from various State agencies involved in matters relating to the implementation of the Convention. It expresses its satisfaction with the quality of the renewed dialogue with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. The Committee thanks the delegation for its frank and detailed replies to the numerous questions asked.
While the Committee acknowledges the efforts made by the State party to comply with the Committee's guidelines for the preparation of reports, it notes that the report has not addressed some of the concerns and recommendations raised in previous concluding observations.
4. The Committee welcomes with satisfaction the rights and principles contained in the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela of 1999, in particular the preamble, which establishes the multiethnic and multicultural nature of Venezuelan society, as well as article 21 and chapter VIII which guarantees the rights of indigenous peoples, such as the right to intercultural bilingual education, the right to traditional medicine and the right to participate in political life.
5. The Committee notes with satisfaction that federal and State legislation recently adopted by the State party follows the basic principles of the Constitution and builds on its guarantees of racial and ethnic nondiscrimination.
6. The Committee takes note of the establishment of specialized institutions to combat racial discrimination such as the Presidential Commission to Combat All Forms of Racial Discrimination and Other Discrimination in the Venezuelan Educational System, the National Coordination Group for Indigenous Health, which answers to the Ministry of Health and Social Development, and the Department of Indigenous Education of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport.
7. The Committee notes with satisfaction that indigenous peoples are represented in the National Assembly, which has at least three indigenous deputies with their respective alternates, elected by indigenous peoples in keeping with their traditions and customs.
8. The Committee notes with interest the existence of special courts to settle conflicts in accordance with the traditions and customs of indigenous peoples, as well as the post of Special Ombudsman on Indigenous Issues.
9. The Committee notes with satisfaction Presidential Decree No. 1795 of 27 May 2002 concerning protection of the languages of indigenous peoples. It notes that indigenous peoples may make use of their languages in their dealings with the authorities or, where appropriate, have an official interpreter, and that the Constitution has been translated into the Wayuu language.
10. The Committee welcomes the fact that article 31 of the Constitution recognizes the right to address petitions to the international human rights treaty bodies, and that in 2003 the State party made the optional declaration provided for in article 14 of the Convention thus responding to a request of the Committee, and hopes that the public is being appropriately informed about the possibilities and procedures under the mentioned article of the Convention.
11. The Committee welcomes the State party's ratification in 2002 of International Labour Organization Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) concerning indigenous and tribal peoples in independent countries.
12. The Committee notes with satisfaction that one of the objectives of the Radio and Television Social Responsibility Act of 2004 is to promote tolerance among peoples and ethnic groups.
13. The Committee notes with satisfaction progress in the interaction between the Government and nongovernmental organizations representing Afrodescendants and, as one of the expressions of this interaction, the designation of 10 May as AfroVenezuelan Day.
14. The Committee notes with concern that the State party does not have disaggregated statistical data on the Afrodescendants. The Committee recalls that such information is necessary for evaluating the implementation of the Convention and for monitoring policies that affect minorities.
The Committee recommends that the State party include in its next periodic report disaggregated statistical data on Afrodescendants, which would make it possible to evaluate their situation more accurately.
15. The Committee notes that the identity document issued to indigenous persons in accordance with the Regulations under the Organization Act on the Identification of Indigenous Persons includes the name of the ethnic group, the people and community to which such persons belong.
The Committee requests the State party to ensure that, in accordance with its general recommendation VIII, the identity document for indigenous persons be based upon selfidentification by the individual concerned.
16. Taking note of article 369 of the draft criminal code, which punishes acts of racial discrimination, the Committee wishes to receive information on complaints of acts of racial discrimination and on the relevant legal action taken by the victims or on their behalf.
The Committee encourages the State party to adopt the draft criminal code as soon as possible and requests it to include in its next periodic report disaggregated statistical information on cases involving racial discrimination and on penalties imposed, in which the relevant provisions of domestic law have been applied.
17. Bearing in mind the State party's efforts, the Committee reiterates its concern at the persistence of profound structural social and economic inequalities which have an impact on the enjoyment of human rights, particularly economic and social rights, and affect Afrodescendants and indigenous peoples.
The Committee encourages the State party to step up its efforts to improve the economic and social rights situation of Afrodescendants and indigenous people, such as the right to housing, the right to health and sanitation services, the right to work and the right to adequate nutrition, in order to combat racial discrimination and eliminate structural inequalities.
18. The Committee notes with great concern that between 1995 and 2003, 61 persons, most of whom were indigenous or Afrodescendants, were murdered in land conflicts, presumably by private armed groups (sicarios), and that this problem has worsened since 2001.
The Committee requests the State party to take efficient and urgent measures to end this violence, which mainly affects indigenous peoples and Afrodescendants, including the establishment of an independent monitoring mechanism to investigate such incidents in order to ensure that they do not go unpunished.
19. The Committee notes with concern that, according to the report by the State party, the indigenous peoples of the upper Orinoco and the Casiquiare and GuainiaRío Negro basins have problems of various kinds. More particularly, in the centres of illegal gold prospecting, there is evidence that indigenous children and adolescents are subjected to labour exploitation and the worst forms of child labour, including servitude and slavery, child prostitution, trafficking and sale.
The Committee recommends that the State party adopt urgent measures to tackle this situation, and that it submit information on the implementation of the measures taken.
20. While the Committee takes note of the State party's efforts to demarcate indigenous lands, such as the promulgation of the Indigenous Peoples Habitat and Lands, Demarcation and Protection Act, it is concerned that the effective ownership and use of indigenous lands and resources continue to be threatened and restricted by repeated aggression from individuals and private groups against indigenous peoples, in order to move them from their land.
In the light of general recommendation XXIII on the rights of indigenous peoples, the Committee recommends that the State party take measures to recognize and protect the rights of indigenous peoples to own, develop, control and use their lands, territories and resources. In this regard, the Committee invites the State party to provide information on the settlement of cases of conflicting interests relating to indigenous lands and resources, particularly those in which indigenous groups have been displaced from their lands.
21. The Committee recommends that the State party take account of the relevant parts of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action when incorporating the Convention, particularly articles 2 to 7, into its domestic law. It also recommends that, in its next periodic report, the State party provide information on measures it has taken to give effect to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action at the national level, particularly the preparation and implementation of a national plan of action.
22. The State party has informed the Committee that it will increase its efforts with a view to ratifying the amendment to article 8, paragraph 6, of the Convention, which was adopted on 15 January 1992 at the Fourteenth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention and endorsed by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/111. In this connection, the Committee recalls General Assembly resolution 59/176, in which the Assembly strongly urged States parties to accelerate their domestic ratification procedures with regard to the amendment and to notify the SecretaryGeneral expeditiously in writing of their agreement to the amendment.
23. The Committee invites the State party to consider the possibility of ratifying the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
24. The Committee recommends that the reports of the State party be made public as soon as they are submitted to the Committee, and that the concluding observations of the Committee on these reports be widely publicized.
25. Pursuant to article 9, paragraph 1, of the Convention, and article 65 of the Committee's rules of procedure, as amended, the Committee requests the State party to inform it of its implementation of the recommendations contained in paragraphs 14, 18 and 19 above, within one year of the adoption of the present conclusions.
26. The Committee recommends that the State party submit its nineteenth and twentieth reports in a single report, due on 4 January 2008.
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Relativistic corrections to Compton heating and cooling have been added, using a procedure based on the work of Guilbert (1986).
A new format for the storage of atomic data has been adopted, resulting in smaller files, and faster read times. This change should be transparent to the user, except for considerable speeding of data loading and program startup.
A new algorithm for continuum transfer has been adopted, outward only transfer. This gives better energy conservation overall. A new column has been added in the log file output, labeled `h-c', it tells the percent error in total energy conservation in the radiation field, i.e. total emitted - total absorbed.
A new algorithm has been adopted for solving the statistical equilbrium, in place of LU decomposition. The algorithm involves an iterative solution to a simplified set of equations, and is described by Lucy (2001). This change should result in fast execution for models involving iron and other heavy elements, but will otherwise be transparent to the user.
Various changes to atomic data, including increase in size of data file and addition of a new data type, for excitation of Fe XIX using data from Bhatia.
Various minor inconsistencies and errors have been corrected, including spurious recombination emission to multiply excited levels.
Standard output in the log file has been extended to include a list of the strongest absorption lines, and emission and absorption edges.
Also, a new output file, xout_rrc1.fits, is created which contains a fits format list of the RRC strengths.


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Senior Helpers®, one of the nation's premier providers of personalized in-home senior care, today announced the official opening of its Richmond location, to be managed and operated by Wayne and Barbara Wilkins. The new franchise will serve senior citizens and their families throughout the Richmond area, which includes Richmond, Henrico, West End, Hanover, Mechanicsville, Chesterfield, Midlothian, Bon Air, Highland Springs, New Kent, and Providence Forge. It hopes to bring more than 20 new jobs to the region over the next year. Senior Helpers' professionally trained caregivers will help local seniors continue to enjoy the comfort of their own home despite age-related illnesses and mobility challenges.. Read More
(May 2019) Senior Helpers CEO and Co-Founder, Peter Ross, discusses some astounding outcomes from integrating home care into acute and chronic care delivery.
Listen to the full podcast here.
(May 2019) Senior Helpers CEO and Co-Founder, Peter Ross, discusses how integrating home care into the larger healthy care delivery system will solve many problems including improved outcomes and lower costs.
Listen to the full podcast here.
(March 2019) Great Place to Work® Institute has recognized Senior Helpers® as the first national in-home care company to achieve certification as a Great Place to Work. Senior Helpers' rapidly growing business is laser-focused on helping older adults age with dignity, and the company cares for tens of thousands of seniors across the globe.
(June 2018) Baltimore-based in-home care provider Senior Helpers has hired Chuck Sullivan to fill its chief marketing officer position. Senior Helpers is a provider of in-home senior services ranging from specialized care for individuals with dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's, to personal and companion care to help with activities of daily living. Founded in 2011, Senior Helpers has 311 franchised businesses that provide care for tens of thousands of seniors across the United States. As chief marketing officer, Sullivan will lead Senior Helpers' growth efforts by focusing on the company's branding, while also driving innovation in terms of client experience and ensuring strong financial results.
(April 2018) Alzheimer's and Dementia affect 47 million people worldwide and that number is expected to explode to 75 million by 2030. But a new treatment center that's just opening near San Diego, California may help both patients and families deal with the devastating disease in a very unique way. Peter Ross, CEO and Co-founder of Senior Helpers says "We do think this model plays well in any country and especially when you're looking at the Asian market you have 350 million seniors in China. That's more than the total population of the U.S. So I've had conversations on the home care side in China. I think this is an even better model to bring to China, to Japan, to any part of the Asian marketplace, along with the rest of the world."
(March 2018) A major national home care franchisor has to been tapped to staff the first U.S. version of a "dementia village." Pioneered in the Netherlands, the concept involves the re-creation of a community from the 1950s. Senior Helpers, an in-home care franchise provider with 311 locations, has partnered with George G. Glenner Alzheimer's Family Centers, Inc., to bring a unique experience to local seniors in the Chula Vista, California, area. Senior Helpers will be providing caregivers to an adult day care center called Town Square.
(March 2018) George G. Glenner Alzheimer's Family Centers, Inc.®, a San Diego non-profit with over three decades of knowledge and expertise in offering dementia-related adult care centers, today announced a strategic alliance with Senior Helpers®, the nation's premier provider of in-home senior care, to debut Town Square®, A George G. Glenner Alzheimer's Family Center, powered by Senior Helpers®. Town Square continues Glenner's innovative approach to Alzheimer's and dementia care by providing a unique, interactive adult day care experience and support services program for individuals and families impacted by the disease.
(March 2018) Senior Helpers, one of the nation's largest home care franchise companies, has joined the Healthcare Leadership Council (HLC), a coalition of chief executives from all health care disciplines that develops policies, plans and programs to achieve a greater system for quality, affordable care. The addition marks the first private duty provider on the HLC and comes at a time when private duty may be on the cusp of being included as a supplemental benefit with Medicare Advantage plans. HLC's members include major health care players, including Aetna, Pfizer, Mayo Clinic and many more.
(February 2018) Senior Helpers, the nation's premier provider of in-home senior care, has announced that the company was recently appointed to the Healthcare Leadership Council (HLC), an exclusive alliance of leading healthcare companies from all health sectors committed to advancing the American healthcare system. As the HLC's first member specializing in in-home senior care, Senior Helpers aims to share valuable insights and ultimately help to provide improvements in the quality of care to the elderly and work in tandem with HLC to elevate care options to seniors across the U.S.
(January 2018) The technology divide between older and younger generations may not be as wide as you think. According to a recent survey of 1,000 seniors issued by Senior Helpers, the nation's premier provider of in-home senior care, more than 68 percent of people ages 65+ rate their technology skills either average or above average. The survey, which examined seniors' attitudes on everything from apps and internet usage to social media habits, also found that while most would not consider themselves "tech-savvy" (71 percent), nearly 60 percent of seniors think younger generations underestimate their knowledge and aptitude for technology.
(November 2017) - In honor of National Sleep Comfort Month in November, Senior Helpers, the nation's premier provider of in-home senior care, is offering sleep tips to promote the importance of healthy sleep habits for seniors. According to a recent survey of 1,000 senior citizens ages 65+ issued by the brand, nearly 70 percent of seniors do not meet the National Sleep Foundation's sleep duration recommendation of 7-8 hours per night for older adults.
(August 2017) - When the kids start to fly the coop, the next family members to focus your energy on are typically your aging parents. Senior Helpers—one of the largest providers of in-home senior care—conducted a national survey to gauge Baby Boomer attitudes on their aging parents. As it turns out, the kind of care our aging parents will receive is something Generation Xers and Baby Boomers are already worrying over and want to talk about.
(September 2016) Senior Helpers®, one of the nation's premier providers of personalized in-home senior care, today announced plans to expand to Canada in an effort to offer personal care and companion services to seniors who wish to live in the comfort of their own home. Following the success of its U.S. expansion efforts, Senior Helpers will align with Stonewood Equity Fund I, who will serve as the brand's master franchise in Canada. Together they will open the first Canadian location in the Durham Region, part of the greater Toronto area, on September 15.
(August 2016) From sandwich shops to travel agencies and even hair salons, more and more franchise businesses are opening every day, and they're here to stay. According to the International Franchise Association, franchise small businesses will once again grow at rates that exceed non-franchise business growth this year. So what's the allure? It's nice to buy into an already-successful business model, but beyond that there are many benefits to starting a franchise business.
(June 2016) Welcome to 21st century America, where we have longer lives than ever before and higher hopes for healthy aging. We are, happily, the beneficiaries of medical and scientific breakthroughs that have given us life spans that not long ago would have been the stuff of science fiction. But we also face serious challenges, including the number of seniors struggling to find and afford much-needed care.
(June 2016) Personalized senior care leader Senior Helpers just announced the opening of a new location in Terre Haute, Indiana. This marks the 257th location nationwide for Senior Helpers, one of the biggest in-home senior care franchise systems in the country. The new location is operated by owner Matthew Page.
(May 2016) "Parkinson's disease is a chronic and progressive movement disorder that affects nearly one million people in the U.S. alone, and that number will likely increase due to the aging Baby Boomers population," said Chris Buitron, Senior Helpers vice president of marketing. "We are proud to be the first in our industry to provide specialized caregiver training in Alzheimer's, dementia, and now, Parkinson's disease care. Over the years, Senior Helpers has established itself as the best option for navigating the challenges of in-home senior care today, and this new program further underscores our commitment to offering skilled services while allowing our aging clients to maintain the best quality of life possible in the comfort of their own homes."
(March 2016) Enter to win a Gold Violin gift card or a Senior Helpers care bag. Senior Helpers is one of the largest in-home senior care companies in the U.S. Senior Helpers offers a wide range of personal care and companion services, including Alzheimer's and dementia care services, to assist seniors who wish to live independently.
(February 2016) Entertainment and other activities are essential for the well-being of people with Alzheimer's. They can make the difference between a deadly boring day of staring at the floor and a rich sense of purpose and contentedness. They can also help the caregiver make a connection with the person, no matter how brief. Read the full article here.
(February 2016) Senior Helpers®, one of the nation's largest in-home senior care franchised businesses, has received the highly sought after Best of Home Care Endorsed National Provider recognition for the third consecutive year. Home Care Pulse, the home care industry's leading market research firm that specializes in customer satisfaction research and quality assurance, awarded the 2016 distinction due to exceptional customer service reviews by existing clients. Read the full article here.
(January 2016) Senior Helpers®, one of the nation's largest in-home senior care franchised businesses, announced today that Rob Cantrell joined the Senior Helpers corporate team as the new Vice President of Franchise Development, taking on responsibility for continuing the growth Senior Helpers has seen in franchise unit sales. Read the full article here.


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Brussels, 14 December 2010
Competition: Commission adopts revised competition rules on horizontal co-operation agreements
Frequently asked questions
A. General Questions
1. What are horizontal co-operation agreements?
"Horizontal co-operation agreements" are agreements concluded between competitors (as opposed to vertical agreements which are between companies at different levels in the supply chain), for example with a view to co-operate on research and development, production, purchasing, commercialisation, standardisation, or exchange of information. Horizontal co-operation can be pro-competitive and lead to substantial economic benefits, allowing companies to respond to increasing competitive pressures and a changing market place driven by globalisation. However, where the parties have market power, horizontal co-operation can also lead to serious competition problems.
2. What are the new rules for the assessment of horizontal co-operation agreements under EU competition law?
Just like the regime they replace, the new rules consist of a set of two Block Exemption Regulations (BERs) and guidelines, the "Horizontal Guidelines". While the two BERs exempt certain research and development (R&D) agreements and specialisation as well as joint production agreements, the scope of the Horizontal Guidelines is much wider. The Horizontal Guidelines describe the framework for the analysis of the most common forms of horizontal co-operation such as agreements in the areas of R&D, production, purchasing, commercialisation, standardisation, standard terms, and information exchange.
3. What does it mean that an agreement is "block exempted"?
Certain categories of agreements concluded between companies that have limited market power (reflected in a market share not exceeding 25% in case of joint R&D agreements between competitors or not exceeding 20% in case of specialisation or joint production agreements) and that respect certain conditions set out in the Commission's BERs, can be presumed to have no anticompetitive effects or, if they do, the positive effects will outweigh any negative ones. Based on this positive presumption, agreements falling under a BER are exempted from the EU's ban on restrictive agreements and business practices (Article 101(1) of the TFEU). The safe harbour market thresholds for horizontal agreements are lower than the 30% threshold for vertical agreements between non-competitors. This is simply because agreements between competitors have a higher potential to harm competition than agreements between non-competitors.
With a 25% market share threshold, R&D agreements are the most favourably treated category of horizontal agreements as such agreements can lead to substantial efficiencies because they stimulate innovation.
For R&D, specialisation or joint production agreements concluded by companies whose market shares exceed the above mentioned thresholds, there is no such automatic exemption, but there is also no presumption that the agreement is illegal: it is necessary to assess the agreement's negative and positive effects on the market. The Commission's Horizontal Guidelines that accompany the R&D and Specialisation BERs assist in making this assessment.
B. Horizontal Guidelines
4. What are the main general changes introduced?
The main changes that have been introduced in the Horizontal Guidelines are a substantial revision of the standardisation chapter and a new chapter on information exchange.
The new Horizontal Guidelines also reflect the need for self-assessment, introduced by Regulation 1/2003 on the application of the EU competition rules, which abolished the former notification system under which companies had to notify their horizontal co-operation agreements to the Commission, which had the sole power to grant an exemption. Nowadays, companies need to assess themselves whether an agreement infringes Article 101(1) TFEU and, if so, whether the exemption conditions of Article 101(3) TFEU are met. To this end, the Horizontal Guidelines provide a clear methodology of how to assess horizontal co-operation agreements under EU competition rules as well as many practical examples.
5. What is the main message of the standardisation chapter?
The purpose of this chapter is to give guidance on how to ensure that the process of selecting industry standards is competitive and that, once the standard is adopted, access is given on "fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory" (FRAND) terms to interested users. Experience in the last 10 years has shown that in practice many of the complaints and cases related to standard-setting arise because of a lack of transparency during the selection process, notably in the context of intellectual property rights. This is why the chapter now focuses on trying to avoid certain of these problems by laying down clear guidance on the standard-setting process, so as to ensure that the specific benefits of standard setting are passed on to industry and consumers. To this end, the revised standardisation chapter sets out the criteria under which the Commission will not take issue with a standard-setting agreement ('safe harbour'). These criteria include: (i) that the procedure for adopting the standard is unrestricted with participation open to all relevant competitors on the market; (ii) transparency to ensure that stakeholders are able to inform themselves of upcoming, on-going and finalised work and for standards involving IPR, and (iii) a balanced IPR policy with good faith disclosure of those IPRs which are essential for the implementation of a standard, and a requirement for all IPR holders that wish to have their technology included in the standard to provide an irrevocable commitment to license their IPR on fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory terms ("FRAND").
6. How has the Commission taken account of stakeholders' comments?
The public consultation showed an overwhelming interest for the revision of the standardisation chapter. The two most important points raised related to the fact the safe harbour should not lead to any "straight jacket effect" and that there is a need for more guidance for standard-setting organisations falling outside the safe harbour (see Q5). In response to this it has been made clearer that the only effect of falling outside the safe harbour is that self-assessment in accordance with the effects based part of the chapter is needed – i.e., there is no presumption of illegality outside the safe harbour. The part of the safe harbour relating to the disclosure of intellectual property rights (IPR) has also been clarified, e.g., it has now been made explicit that there is no need for patent searches. The chapter also contains much more guidance on agreements falling outside the safe harbour compared to the draft published in May.
7. How do the Horizontal Guidelines propose to assess the ex ante disclosures of most restrictive licensing terms?
One of the inherent problems of a standard-setting process is the uncertainty about the commercial terms that intellectual property rights holders will charge once the standard has been adopted and industry is locked in ("locked in" means that the costs in switching to another technology would be prohibitive). In order to solve this issue, most standard-setting organisations already require companies whose intellectual property rights would read on a standard to commit to licensing those rights on so called "FRAND" (fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory) terms. However, experience shows that disputes may arise as to the exact level of FRAND. Therefore, unilateral ex ante disclosures of the maximum terms that a company would charge if its technology were incorporated in a standard can, in certain cases, be one way of avoiding disputes. Industry and standard-setting organisations have however been cautious for fear of infringing competition law. The Horizontal Guidelines make it clear that such a system would normally not give rise to competition concerns.
8. Why is disclosure of intellectual property rights beneficial before the adoption of a standard?
In certain industries, technologies incorporated in a standard are likely to be protected by intellectual property rights (in particular, patents). The use of such IPR requires the permission of their owner, who also has the right to charge for the use of its IPR. Where different technologies are competing in order to be included in the standard, industry needs to be aware of which patents are relevant for each of the potential technologies, to be able to make an informed choice between alternative technologies. No or unclear disclosure obligations may furthermore give incentives to "patent ambushes", i.e. companies hiding patents until industry is locked in and thereafter refusing to license or request exorbitant fees.
9. How do the Horizontal Guidelines propose to interpret "FRAND" in the context of EU competition law?
The Horizontal Guidelines clarify that there are various methods to assess the level of FRAND in the context of standard-setting in case of a dispute. Particularly relevant are the licensing fees charged at an earlier stage, prior to the adoption of the standard.
10. Why does the standardisation chapter now also deal with standard terms?
The recent review of the Insurance Block Exemption Regulation (http://ec.europa.eu/competition/sectors/financial_services/legislation.html) revealed that the use of standard terms in contracts was not specific to the insurance industry. The specific exemption for co-operation on standard insurance policy conditions has therefore not been renewed. Indeed, agreements on standard terms are found in various industries such as banking or energy and there seems to be a demand for guidance on when such agreements risk infringing competition law. Therefore, the standardisation chapter now also contains guidance and examples on standard terms.
11. What is the content of the new chapter on information exchange?
Information exchange can be pro-competitive when it enables companies to gather general market data that allow them to become more efficient and better serve customers. However, there are also situations where the exchange of market information can be harmful for competition, for instance when companies use sensitive information to coordinate. The new chapter on information exchanges in the Horizontal Guidelines is the first Commission document to give clear and comprehensive guidance on how to assess the compatibility of information exchanges with EU competition law and will therefore play a significant practical role for businesses and their legal advisors.
In particular, the chapter on information exchange sets out that the exchange between competitors of individualised information regarding intended future prices or quantities is to be considered as having as its object the restriction of competition. Such exchanges are the most likely to lead to negative effects for consumers because they allow competitors to increase prices without incurring the risk of losing market shares or triggering a price war during the period of adjustment to new prices. This type of information exchange is also the most likely to be taking place for anticompetitive reasons. The subsequent part of the chapter provides guidance for the assessment of the restrictive effects and efficiencies of such information exchanges that do not aim at restricting competition (e.g. for statistical or benchmarking purposes), i.e. the vast majority of information exchanges. To this end, the chapter describes various factors relevant for the assessment and their interplay. Finally, the chapter contains a number of practical examples which will help businesses and their legal advisors to assess typical information exchange scenarios.
12. Why is there no longer a separate chapter on environmental agreements in the Horizontal Guidelines?
Standard-setting in the environment sector – which was what the environmental chapter in the previous Horizontal Guidelines effectively dealt with – is more appropriately dealt with in the standardisation chapter. The removal of the chapter does not imply any downgrading for the assessment of environmental agreements. On the contrary, instead of having a chapter addressing a narrow aspect of environmental standards, the Commission now makes it clear that environmental agreements are to be assessed under the relevant chapter of the Horizontal Guidelines, be it R&D, production, commercialisation or standardisation. Moreover, appropriate examples have been inserted in the R&D and production chapters.
13. When do the Horizontal Guidelines enter into force?
The Horizontal Guidelines will enter into force as soon as they have been published in the Official Journal of the EU, which should take place in the coming days.
C. R&D Block Exemption Regulation
14. What are the main changes?
Most changes of the R&D BER simply provide more clarity and legal certainty. In addition, the scope of the R&D BER has been expanded to also cover what is often referred to as "paid for research", i.e., a scenario where one party merely finances the R&D activities of the other party . Moreover, the possibility for the parties to jointly exploit the results has also been broadened. Parties to an R&D can now also avail themselves of the R&D BER where only one party sells the contract products in the EU on the basis of an exclusive license by the other party (which will often have the right to sell the contract products in areas outside the EU).
In order to ensure that a party's intellectual property rights do not unduly impair the exploitation of the results of an R&D agreement by the other parties ("patent ambush"), the draft of the R&D BER published in May specified that an exemption under the R&D BER should only be available if prior to starting the research and development all parties agree that they will disclose in an open and transparent manner their existing and pending intellectual property rights relevant for the exploitation of the results by the other parties. However, during the public consultation it has become apparent that there is no practical need for such a disclosure obligation as, in particular, potential patent ambushes in the context of R&D agreements can be adequately addressed by the parties through private contractual arrangements.
The new R&D BER enters into force on 1 January 2011, with a transitional period of 2 years, during which the previous BER will remain in force for such agreements that fulfil its conditions but do not fall under the new BER.
D. Specialisation Block Exemption Regulation
15. What are the main changes?
The Specialisation BER clarifies that its benefit applies to specialisation agreements, even where one of the parties to the agreement only partly ceases production. This enables a company that has two production plants for a certain product to close down one of its plants, outsource the output of the closed plant, and still avail of the Specialisation BER.
The BER also provides that, where the products concerned by a specialisation or joint production agreement are intermediary products which one or more of the parties use captively for the production of certain downstream products which they also sell, the exemption is also conditional upon a 20% market share threshold downstream. In such a case, merely looking at the parties' market position at the level of the intermediary product would ignore the potential risk of closing off inputs for competitors at the level of the downstream products. Consequently, such a specialisation or joint production agreement should not benefit from a BER but should be subject to an individual assessment.
The new Specialisation BER enters into force on 1 January 2011, with a transitional period of 2 years.
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The International Tracing Service (ITS) spoke to Pieter Jan Wolthers, a former ambassador of the Netherlands to Romania and Ukraine who is serving as the chairman of the International Commission (IC) for the second time. The ITS spoke with Wolthers regarding the role of the IC, the future of the ITS, and what role the...learn more
The Greek historians Stratos Dordanas and Vaios Kalogrias visited the International Tracing Service (ITS) together to research Nazi concentration camps in Greece. They found a lot of material they were not expecting.learn more
Over a period of three days, fifteen researchers from Germany and Austria acquainted themselves with the ITS archive. The students and doctoral candidates will use the results of their research for their master's and doctor's theses. The workshop, which took place from October 10 to 12, 2017, was organized by the...learn more
Shoshana Berman survived two dictators: Hitler and Stalin. Now the 83-year-old Israeli would like to record her life story in an autobiography and is therefore carrying out research in several archives. When she visited the Documenta art exhibition in Kassel recently, she took advantage of the opportunity to stop by at...learn more
Originally, Titia Vuyk had merely asked for information about her grandfather Jan Hendrik Olivier Bosdriesz and his persecution during the Nazi period. It was more than mere information, however, that came to light in the archive of the International Tracing Service (ITS). As it turned out, there were also objects once...learn more
On September 15, 1939, the Nazi regime executed a conscientious objector for the first time. The SS shot 29-year-old August Dickmann, a Jehovah's Witness who was imprisoned in Sachsenhausen. Dickmann had refused to sign his military service record on religious grounds. As the result, the Nazis held the first public...learn more
Dascha Sekeris-Abelman would like to tell the story of her mother, the Holocaust survivor Markéta Ledererová. Her search for clues has meanwhile led the Dutchwoman to the International Tracing Service (ITS) in Bad Arolsen, accompanied by her daughter Jindra Bausewein-Sekeris, her niece Françoise de Gooijer-van Aalsburg...learn more
On 2 September 1939, just one day after the invasion of Poland and the outbreak of World War II, the Nazis erected the Stutthof concentration camp, 21 miles east of Gdansk. 78 years later, the International Tracing Service (ITS) was now able to hand over the personal belongings of a former prisoner to his family. The...learn more
Miroslaw Wozniewicz is the son of a survivor of the Neuengamme concentration camp. He and his family recently received a visit from Malgorzata Przybyla, an International Tracing Service (ITS) employee, at their home in Jeziora Wielkie near Bydgoszcz. Przybyla had something to return to them: personal items once...learn more
Patrick Vereecke is researching his grandfather's fate. The SS deported Leopold Vereecke from his native Rièzes, a town in Belgium. He never returned home. His grandson recently visited the International Tracing Service (ITS) in Bad Arolsen to have a look at documents testifying to Leopold Vereecke's persecution.learn more


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These specifications cover proper chemical treatment programs to treat steam boiler systems to ensure maximum operational efficiency in terms of fuel, water, and labor. A proper treatment program will also increase the life of your Steam Boiler equipment and piping investment. You can choose from multiple system configurations based on your steam system complexity. Also, there are three levels of automation that provide increasingly improved levels of technology packages that elevate your ability to maintain and monitor your Steam Boiler chemical program.
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Nalco Water Customer Service
Phone: 1-800-288-0879
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Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
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10 x bigger and better than DVD
Blu-ray Discs are the greatest advancement in optical media since the DVD. With ten times its capacity, you can now record High Definition video on a dual layer high capacity disc, quickly and easily. See all benefits
10 x bigger and better than DVD
Blu-ray Discs are the greatest advancement in optical media since the DVD. With ten times its capacity, you can now record High Definition video on a dual layer high capacity disc, quickly and easily. See all benefits
Its 1 to 2 x recording speed allows recording at between 4.5 and 9 MB per second, so you can record more in less time.
Philips Blu-ray discs have a cover layer of unrivalled toughness and uniformity, protecting the discs' vital recording layers. The layer is applied using a Philips-developed vacuum-bonding technology, securing an unrivalled uniform thickness of 100 µm. The disc can withstand heavy use, fingerprints, scratches and dirt without the need for a protective cartridge. Philips Blu-ray discs are far superior to standard CDs and DVDs.
Philips Blu-ray discs are manufactured using a unique Philips-developed process that uses state-of-the-art deep UV mastering equipment to produce stampers used for injection moulding of the BD discs. Philips controls every aspect of the complete manufacturing process under one roof. The result is excellent reproducibility and quality.
Blu-ray discs offer an advanced error correction system that is much more powerful than in CDs and DVDs, ensuring maximum protection of your data and video.
The recording layers are made from highly stable inorganic layers that are unaffected by exposure to light, ensuring the longevity of the disc. This type of inorganic recording layer is a significant improvement over the organic layers presently used in recordable CD and DVD discs and delivers more stable operability and longer disc life.
Philips Blu-ray discs are manufactured to have wide recording power margins and have been certified to conform to the demanding specification standards set by the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA). This means that they are compatible with any brand of BD drive or recorder. For the best results, Philips recommends the Philips TripleWriter™ Blu-ray drive for PC or the Philips BD Video Recorder for video.
Philips Blu-ray discs offer drag-and-drop simplicity immediately, without the need for formatting. Their special UDF 2.5 file system makes moving data files and HD video easier and quicker than ever.


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School's not out for summer at Rock Hall of Fame
A trio of New York teachers visited the hall to learn how to use music to keep their students engaged.
PORT CHESTER, N.Y. -- It's only rock 'n' roll, Mick Jagger tells us. Or is it?
For three local high school teachers who just returned from a pilgrimage to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, the notion that rock is all about release, rebellion and sex is just wrong.
"Rock is meaningful," said David Grazioli, 30, a math teacher at Rye Neck High School. "It ties into emotional things. You have memories spurred by songs and artists. If you can tap into that, you can make a real difference."
Grazioli, Richard Kauffman, 48, of Riverside High School in Yonkers and Martin Billig, 53, of New Rochelle High School spent a week this month at the hall of fame. They were there to take popular music seriously, to look at rock and rap academically, and to learn how to use the history, rhythms, poetry and business of the devil's music in their classrooms.
The three made up the New York contingent in this year's Summer Teacher Institute at the Hall, which drew about 40 teachers from as far away as Australia.
"I thought I knew rock 'n' roll," Kauffman said. "Now I realize I knew very little."
They saw John Lennon's Rickenbacker guitar, Janis Joplin's 1965 Porsche, a piece of the fuselage from Otis Redding's final flight, guitars and costumes that the Rolling Stones used on stage for years, and many more artifacts from rock's paramount moments and stages. They even went to an Eagles concert in Cleveland, heard Joe Walsh sing Life's Been Good, and then read his handwritten lyrics in the hall.
More importantly, seasoned musicologists explained to them how all the exhibits tie into the larger context of America's popular, cultural and even political history.
"You had blues, country, folk, gospel, all these roots of American music grow into the varieties of rock that emerged," Kauffman said.
"And with the British Invasion, all these American blues musicians were going to England, and you had all these rock bands starting," Billig added. "Then they brought it back here as the invasion. There was all this crisscrossing of cultures and influences. That's the lesson."
The three teachers sat down for an interview at the historic Capitol Theatre in Port Chester — which they had to thank for their trip.
When the Capitol reopened in September, owner Peter Shapiro decided to team with a nonprofit group called HeadCount to connect with the wider community. One way they decided to do so was to provide scholarships to send local educators to the Hall of Fame's summer seminar.
"Venues should be giving back to the communities that they're in," said Jane Henderson, director of artist relations for HeadCount, which helps musicians address issues they care about. "It's great to give back in a music-related way to Port Chester and Westchester County."
The Capitol auctioned four prime seats for big shows to pay for the scholarships and other programs.
Eighteen teachers applied for the first three scholarships, worth about $6,000, including travel.
Most teachers love summertime seminars, but some of their colleagues didn't get the whole rock 'n' roll thing. So this fall they'll have to bring the hits to their classrooms.
Kauffman teaches English literature and already uses music and lyrics to color his lessons. He said that he learned in Cleveland to interpret lyrics in new ways.
"If you use music well, the kids love it," he said.
Billig came away with numerous ideas for using rock in his American history, philosophy and sociology classes.
"For sociology, you have the effects of marketing, like Jay Z's Samsung ad," Billig said. "Anyone who gets the phone has the album zipped to them. There are issues like the use of the N-word in rap. As a teacher, you get juiced by all this."
As a math teacher, Grazioli would seem to face the steepest challenge. But he's ready.
"We can do lessons about creating your own band and selling merchandise, with the goal being to make as much money as you can," he said.
Making money, as Mick Jagger knows, is also very rock 'n' roll.


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And from Gov. Richardson and BCNM:
Governors Proclamation Honors New Mexicos Top Bicycle Advocate on March 4th, 2010
Santa Fe, February 17, 2010 New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson has proclaimed March 4, 2010 as Ride Your Bicycle In Honor Of Gail Ryba Day, to pay tribute to New Mexico's foremost bicycle advocate.
For more than a decade, Dr. Gail Ryba has been New Mexico's leading voice in promoting bicycling for transportation, highlighting its many benefits including reduced auto congestion, preservation of the environment and increased physical fitness for those who ride, said the proclamation signed by the Governor.
The Proclamation honors Dr. Ryba for her bicycle advocacy work in New Mexico as well as her encouraging New Mexicans to incorporate bicycles for all transportation needs. In addition, the Proclamation notes that Gail has worked to educate motorists and cyclists alike to promote mutual awareness and safety.
We're both proud and pleased that Gail Ryba's work is honored through this Proclamation and we urge all New Mexicans to ride bicycles on March 4th, added the Board Members of the Bicycle Coalition of New Mexico. For those citizens who are unable to ride a bicycle, the Board asked that they choose a mass transportation alternative or carpool on the fourth.
Ryba, who has a Ph.D. in Chemistry from California Institute of Technology, first came to New Mexico to work for Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque. She co-founded the Sandia Bicycle Commuters Group, then founded Albuquerque'
For more information on Ride Your Bicycle in Honor of Gail Ryba Day, contact: Diane Albert at 505.235.2277 or president@bikenm.


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Make a date of it!
Vote! It's just as easy as reading this post!
3 comments:
- Brandi said...
My husband and I just voted too!
- November 06, 2012 11:11 AM
- Decor & Harmony said...
The pressure is on.....I live in Ohio. I early voted weeks ago.
- November 06, 2012 11:45 AM
- Lynn said...
Just found your blog and joined. I voted! I am in Louisiana. Can't wait to look around your site, I love to decorate too. Hugs, Lynn
- November 06, 2012 11:47 AM
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MINNEAPOLIS - At the conclusion of the 2010 Perfect Game National Games-Class of 2012, a PG scout made the following observation about young catching prospect Jeremy Martinez, who is actually in the class of 2013:
"Martinez is an outstanding defensive catcher, receives very well, blocks well, very good catch and throw skills, takes charge of the game ... (an) outstanding all-around talent that needs to be watched very closely."
A report reading like that is pure poetry to any catcher serious about his craft, and Martinez is certainly that. There is only one catcher in the national high school class of 2013 ranked higher than Martinez at the position, and Zack Collins and Martinez are playing together on the same field this weekend.
Martinez and Collins are two of about 300 top 2013 prospects who have been out on Mall of America Field inside the Metrodome over the past four days for the 2012 Perfect Game National Showcase. The prestigious event ends its five-day run Monday afternoon.
On Sunday, Martinez participated in the workout portion of the showcase and spoke with Perfect Game before he and his PG White teammates played the first of their two games on Sunday. The White squad will play a third game Monday morning.
"It's a privilege and an honor to come here with the best kids in the nation," Martinez said. "To represent myself and to showcase what I have, it means a lot; I can show these scouts what I'm capable of.
"It's crazy how much talent there is in this class," he continued. "I've been able to meet a lot of new friends and start to build relationships that will last a long time."
Martinez is regarded as one of the best defensive catchers in his class, as evidenced by the PG scouting report from almost two years ago. He is as solid at the plate as he is behind it, and that combination has led to Martinez rising to the No. 9 position in the 2013 overall national rankings.
At Sunday morning's workout session, he recorded a POP time of 1.97-seconds and threw from home to second base at 76 mph.
"I have a huge passion for catching," he said. "I believe catching is overlooked a lot but I take a lot of pride in it with the fundamentals on the defensive side. I always start out with my catching drills and then from there I'll move on to hitting."
Martinez didn't do much traveling last summer, opting instead to do personal workouts at home with his father, Joey. It's something he may do again this summer.
"Me and my father talked about it, and we just spent time working on my swing and working on my body trying to get ready for this year," Martinez said. "I really don't have a summer (travel ball) team I play for. What I usually do is stay at home and workout, and get my catching (work) done and work on my swing and work on my body."
He attended three Perfect Game events in 2010, getting his first experience at the California Underclass Showcase in San Bernardino. He then went on to the PG National Games and finished his 2010 season at the PG WWBA World Championship in Jupiter, Fla., playing with the SGV Arsenal.
Martinez, who calls Fountain Valley, Calif., home, will be a senior at Mater Dei High School in Santa Ana, Calif., in the fall. He was a key member of a Mater Dei team that finished 24-6 and ranked No. 12 in the PG National High School Top 50 Rankings after losing in the semifinal round of the California South Section Division 1 playoffs.
He hit .388 (33-for-85) with six doubles, 18 RBIs and 20 runs scored in the spring. He also boasted a .990 fielding percentage and threw out six of the 10 base-runners that attempted to steal on him.
"We had a really good team this year," Martinez said. "We had a lot of great guys and great team chemistry; it was probably one of the best teams I've played for at Mater Dei. It was a great spring and a good run that we had."
One of the top players on that team was Ty Moore, an alum of the 2011 Perfect Game National Showcase who has signed with UCLA and was selected by the New York Yankees in the 25th round of the MLB amateur draft earlier this month. He has not signed with the Yankees.
"Ty is a great kid," Martinez said. "He was a big help to our team and he's just a good guy."
While Moore signed with UCLA, Martinez has committed to its Los Angeles cross-town rival, Southern California, calling USC his "dream school."
"Coach (Frank) Cruz did a great job and he showed me around campus," Martinez said. "USC was my dream school and they gave me a good offer and I took it right away. I committed really early with baseball in the equation, and I plan on living in southern California and a diploma from USC would take me a long way."
Martinez may never make it on the USC campus, of course. PG projects him as a potential first round pick in the 2013 amateur draft based on his ranking as the No. 23 overall prospect in the draft. He is ranked third among all the catching prospects eligible for the draft (college, junior college or high school) behind Collins and Reese McGuire, who is also at the PG National this week.
Martinez reacts to talk of the rankings with a smile and a shrug.
"It's a good thing and Perfect Game does a great job with it, but I don't really pay attention to it," he said. "I just like to push myself and compete with the best."
He has also made an effort to educate himself about the whole draft process.
"I was very fortunate to play with a lot of kids ... that told me about the draft and how stressful it is," Martinez said. "They gave me great advice about just having fun and just playing my game and at the end of the day it's all going to work out in your favor."
He has learned to relax, even when performing in front of hundreds of scouts at an event like the PG National.
"I think the biggest thing is just to have fun; If you come in and you're nervous you stop being yourself," he said. "You just want to have fun and showcase your talent, and do the best that you can do. In the big games, I can feel the adrenaline and I like to get at it, but I play really relaxed. I just like being out here at the baseball field."


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As a direct response to the market, cloud service providers have sought to address concerns that inhibited widespread mainstream adoption. Companies like Amazon, Salesforce and Xactly -- keen to reassure customers and make their services ubiquitous -- have made huge improvements in transparency, identifying vulnerabilities, offering encryption, automated updates and more stringent authentication, while other vendors are offering cloud data protection gateways, security as a service or allowing business users to bring their own encryption keys.
As a result, cloud security is no longer seen as such a vulnerability and businesses in every sector are now confidently adopting the technology despite the sensitive nature of the information they hold. However, it is important that organizations are cognizant that responsibility for data is not outsourced along with the service; the responsibility remains that of the owner. In this slideshow, Protegrity highlights five trends on cloud security in today's most data-driven organizations.
Related Topics : IBM Looks to Redefine Industry Standard Servers, APC, Brocade, Citrix Systems, Data Center
While HCI is certainly innovative in design, its true measure lies in the practical benefits it brings to data center management and operations. ... More >>
Survey findings include pain points for secondary storage, average restore times, the growth of hyperconvergence and rate of cloud adoption in enterprises. ... More >>
IT administrators need to identify zombie assets, verify idle status and shut off anything that is unused. Here's how to get your dormant infrastructure back in shape. ... More >>


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First off, I would have posted this under the Motorola Information Page link however I couldn't register as a user there so I came here.
I have 2 Motorola Saber II radios and most functions seem to work fine except for transmission. When I push the transmit button, the light doesn't light up and the transmission icon doesn't appear on the LCD screen. These radios used to belong to a police department some 20 years ago and it would appear as if they altered the radios to prevent transmission before they sold them on eBay. I think I've isolated the problem to an apparently removed contact but I'm not sure what specific pathway it should connect to or if this is even the cause of the problem. Some pictures are given for reference below:
Thanks for any help you can give
Help with Saber II
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Jo Paul necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 57 diseños de 15 diseñadores freelance.
Very Special People
We are two fabulous sisters, one of whom is a parent, and we are committed to valuing the whole process of parenting and providing new parents with not only information and products but the support and confidence to know they are doing a valuable job. Very Special People (VSP) are a new company and brand name for a collection of products and services, within the baby product market and wellbeing industry.
Our services include a website with topical articles, videos and information on well being and parent and child issues inc. updates regarding government policies in these area's, information about yoga, massage, nutrition and NLP services, plus an online shop selling company designed and out sourced ethical products for parent and child. VSP strive to source ethical, fairly traded and chemical free materials and products and working in a sustainable way.
Target audience – Sales products will be marketed to retailers such as Mothercare, Early Learning, parents, carers, families, single parents, (the females/mothers target age range being 25-55).
Our services will be marketed to the above (minus the retailers) and will need to appeal to parents both male and females target age range 25-50 who are inspired by good style and ideas .
Customers will be environmentally and ethically aware and care about issues such as fair trade, organic, chemical free products and also who like to read up to date information and news stories about these issues.
The logo will need to reflect all of the above and at the same time be cool, simple and immediately impactful and appealing. It needs to catch parents (mainly mums) imaginations and be stylish to attract male and females 25-50 and suggest a sustainable outlook. The clues are in the name, we need a very special logo for Very Special People, which includes us and our customers. The V S P can be emphasised as the brand may eventually get shortened to this.
The logo needs to be transferable for use within a whole branding spectrum - on our website and business stationary and packaging. We are prommoting an image and building a brand, this logo needs to embody and portray our uniqueness.
Please feel free to get creative with colours, we are open to your inspiration and designs.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Social Sharing Changes 2011
AddThis are experts in how content is shared across the internet, they are the ones that host the share buttons on all of your product pages. They have posted some interesting statistics that they have gathered over the last year, so we thought we would share some of the highlights with you.
Facebook makes up 52.1% of all sharing on the web.
This is hardly surprising, Facebook have the numbers and make it so easy to share content to a captive audience. I wonder how long they can keep this up with all the competition that is out there.
Twitter makes up 13.5% of sharing and grows 576.9%
I'm shocked that sharing on Twitter has grown so much, I thought that twitter had reached its peak. I think this growth must be because they added an automatic ability to shorten links making it really easy to share websites.
Tumblr sharing grows by 1299.5% and is accelerating.
The interesting point about this figure is the fact that it is still increasing. Personal blogs have really changed from being something celebrities and companies have to a way individuals can share their thoughts and interesting things they find.
Address Bar sharing creates 1600% viral lift.
While this is a massive amount, it is a new service AddThis have added and have been really pushing over the last few months, so I don't think they can sustain this growth for next year.
StumbleUpon Creates a 320% viral lift.
While Stumble Upon doesn't generally work for online shops it is a great way to reach an open audience who are actively looking for interesting items to look at.
Google +1 grows 373% but has plateaued.
This will really disappoint Google, while they have been attracting a steady flow of users from Facebook, users still tend to share content from the comfort of Facebook.
E-mail, Print and Favourite make up 14.4% of sharing.
While Stumble doesn't work very well for shops E-mail, printing and favouriting work extremely well for us. Many customers will bookmark a product to purchase later or E-mail products to friends.
Digg sharing continues to decline by 47.7%
Digg works well for news articles however its format makes it less beneficial for products. Digg will really struggle to get back ground on the powerhouse that is Facebook, as users tend to share news articles on Facebook rather than dedicated news sites like Digg.
MySpace sharing continues to decline by 56.9%
This shocked me because I didn't think anyone still used MySpace. While they used to have a huge market share in the social world, they now only have the odd small band use them. It's design does not encourage sharing at heart so I only expect this figure to keep declining.
Sharing on mobile devices has grown 6 fold.
Browsing on mobile devices is so easy now and with the widespread use of tablets I expect this to keep on increasing until it matches desktop figures.


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CLEVELAND (AP) For countless Browns fans, time has not healed. Art Modell's move remains an open wound.
And even in death, he torments them.
Modell, the late Cleveland owner credited with helping the NFL grow in prominence but whose decision to relocate his franchise to Baltimore 17 years ago obscures his accomplishments, is one of 15 finalists up for election to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
Modell's case for induction - he was also a finalist in 2002 - could spark the liveliest debate in New Orleans on Saturday among 46 Hall of Fame committee members, who will select between four and seven new members on the eve of the Ravens meeting the San Francisco 49ers in the Super Bowl.
His supporters contend Modell helped create America's most popular sport.
His detractors will never forget one despicable deed.
``It would be a terrible thing for the NFL if he ever got in,'' said Michelle DiBartolo, president of Canton's chapter of the Browns Backers, a worldwide fan club of more than 100,000. ``I haven't met one Browns fan who said he deserves it. Anyway, he doesn't have the qualifications. How do you put Art Modell next to Paul Brown? That blows my mind.''
Modell will be considered for enshrinement along with coach Bill Parcells, former 49ers owner Eddie DeBartolo Jr., single-season sacks leader Michael Strahan, offensive linemen Jonathan Ogden and Larry Allen, defensive tackle Warren Sapp, running back Jerome Bettis, wide receivers Cris Carter, Tim Brown and Andre Reed, defensive standouts Charles Haley and Kevin Greene, guard Will Shields and defensive back Aeneas Williams.
Also up for consideration, two senior nominees: defensive tackle Curley Culp and linebacker Dave Robinson.
The inclusion of Modell on this year's ballot has provided another subplot to this year's Super Bowl, which has had no shortage of juicy story lines. The Ravens' unexpected run to the championship game has been, in part, fueled by the team dedicating its season to Modell. Baltimore's players have worn patches with ``Art'' on their jerseys to honor Modell, who died on Sept. 6 just four days ahead of the opener.
There's no denying Modell's impact on the game. As Browns owner in the 1960s, he was involved in negotiating TV contracts that brought the NFL into more of the nation's living rooms and eventually spawned ``Monday Night Football,'' an institution Modell helped create as the league's broadcast chairman.
Before the move, Modell was adored by Cleveland's players and fans, who watched him agonize with them over every dropped pass and missed tackle while sitting in his owner's box high above the field inside cavernous Municipal Stadium.
His many missteps: firing Hall of Fame coach Paul Brown; hastening legendary running back Jim Brown's retirement because of a contract dispute; trading wide receiver Paul Warfield; signing free agent Andre Rison; financial losses, went mostly overlooked - or were at least forgiven.
Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome, a Hall of Fame tight end in Cleveland, believes Modell's contributions warrant a bronze bust.
``You look at what Art has done for this league,'' said Newsome, hired by Modell to run the Ravens. ``He was involved in the collective bargaining agreement, involved in the TV deal, involved in the merger, won a championship in `64, won a Super Bowl. He had diversity, the first one to hire an African American. You look at the body of work, why shouldn't he be in it? If this game is as good as it is today - we all think we have a very good game - then Art was the architect.''
All of the finalists have impressive resumes. Parcells was the first coach to lead four teams to the playoffs. He went 183-138-1 and won two Super Bowls with the Giants. DeBartolo hired coach Bill Walsh, drafted quarterback Joe Montana and transformed the 49ers into a model franchise that won five Super Bowls.
A seven-time Pro Bowler, Strahan recorded 22 1/2 sacks in 2001 and finished with 141 1/2 in a 15-year career with the Giants; Ogden, the first player drafted by the Ravens, made 11 Pro Bowls in 12 seasons; Allen played every offensive line position but center during 12 seasons with Dallas. He opened holes for Emmitt Smith, the league's career rushing leader; and Sapp had 96 1/2 career sacks, a remarkable number for an interior lineman.
Bettis finished with 13,662 career rushing yards in 13 seasons for the Rams and Steelers; Carter retired with the second-most career receptions (1,101) and receiving touchdowns (130); Brown, a nine-time Pro Bowler, recorded 14,934 yards receiving and 100 TDs; and Reed had 951 career catches, and played in four consecutive Super Bowls with Buffalo.
Tough to block as a defensive end or linebacker, Haley is the only player to win five Super Bowls; Greene reached double digits in sacks 10 times for the Rams, Steelers and Panthers; Shields never missed a game in a 14-season career with the Chiefs, who won four AFC West titles with him up front; Williams made the Pro Bowl as a cornerback and safety, finishing with 55 career interceptions; Culp was mainstay for Chiefs' dominating defense before helping the Oilers reach consecutive AFC title games (1978-79); and Robinson was a big-play starter on three straight Packers' title teams under Vince Lombardi.
As for Modell, his critics point to him uprooting one of the league's cornerstone teams as indisputable evidence he doesn't belong in the hall.
``It overshadows all his accomplishments,'' said Tony Grossi, a selection committee voter since 1999. ``It can't be dismissed.''
As one of those who will help elect Canton's class of 2013, Grossi, who has covered the Browns since 1984, feels a responsibility to state the case against Modell. He will speak once Modell is presented for consideration by a representative from Baltimore's market.
Ravens owner Steve Bisciotti understands Cleveland's pain. He witnessed Baltimore fans rebel when the Colts went to Indianapolis, so he can relate.
He just hopes Modell gets his due.
``I'm not even asking Cleveland to forgive,'' he said. ``I just don't know that Cleveland's rabid fans should be the reason that they keep him out. Because it seems like a spite thing and not a legitimate `let's look at the resume thing' and that's really what I hope changes this year.''
Online:http://pro32.ap.org/poll andhttp://twitter.com/AP-NFL


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