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Below is the Administrative, Budgeting, and Financial Reporting Handbook.(Handbook) for FY 1997-98.
Please note that the Handbook has been converted to the Adobe Acrobat Reader format. Please download the free reader to your site to view and/or download the information.
We have also provided a zipped version of the Handbook and the file has been noted zipped. The documents will need to be "unzipped" and then read with the original software: MicroSoft EXCEL or WORD. In order to unzip the forms you will need a zip/unzip program. If you do not already have a zip/unzip program use your favorite browser search engine and enter pkzip or zip under software search to find a program that suits your platform. Users that do not have MicroSoft EXCEL and WORD can download a free viewer from Microsoft.
Administrative Budgeting and Financial Reporting Handbook FY 1997-98
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Christina Aguilera Signs on for Third Season of 'The Voice,' Which May Air in the Fall
There's two key pieces of information floating around regarding 'The Voice,' which nabbed monster ratings following the Super Bowl on Sunday (Feb. 5). Coach Christina Aguilera has reportedly signed on for a third season, with producers at NBC hoping to retain all three of her male co-conspirators. But the bigger news is the fact that the show's third season may air this fall, as opposed to 2013, to take advantage of its raging popularity.
The Wrap reports that Xtina is the first of the coaches the re-up for the third season. While some sources indicate that the deal is worth $10 million, an insider close to the situation says the actual figure falls south of that. She will tape shows from September through December, which would seem to mean that the show's third season would air at that time, opposite the ratings challenged and soon-to-be-revamped 'X Factor.'
An NBC rep could not confirm whether or not the show would air in the fall, but insiders say a fall slot is being heavily considered.
The show is duking it out with 'American Idol' this season and could go mano y mano with 'X Factor' in a few months. 'The Voice' may well be the reality talent show that could topple them all!

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text: Hi! I'm new to ISPConfig (I used Kloxo before) and I'm doing some of the tutorials now. ISPConfig 3 on Debian 6 x86 I've done this one: http://www.howtoforge.com/installin...tabase-cluster-on-debian-6.0-with-ispconfig-3 No problem, everything works. Very good tutorial. But what I want to do is this with 3 servers (not with 2 like in the tutorial). I've tried it but it doesn't work. What has to be changed to let it work? MySQL Master - Master - Master? Or MySQL Master - Master - Slave? Replication with Unison to all 3 servers? Replication works between server 1 & server 2. I said in ISPConfig that server 3 is a mirror from server 1 but nothing gets mirrored. No sites, no clients, no DNS templates etc. I also don't see server 1 & server 2 when I login into my server 3 ISPConfig. I see server 3 when logging in into ispconfig on server 1/2. Anybody that can tell the steps how to make it work? I'm just a newby but the tutorials are very clear. I want to have it explained like in the tutorials with the correct commands. Not like do this and change that etc. btw: English is not my native language, sorry for the mistakes. Thanks in advance!


text: Hello everyone, i'm building for my company a more user-friendly control panel, based on ISPConfig 3. I bought the manual but, unfortunately, there is no documentation about the remote APIs on it. I've used the function client_get_sites_by_user() and I thinked... it's ok. Now let's list the remaining stuff (ftp users, email domains ...) ... stuck ! I don't understand if there is a way to list the FTP users starting by the client ID that i don't comprehend, but i cannot find a function like client_get_ftp_users_by_user() or something similar about the email domains, the subdomains and so on. The only solution i've thinked about is to select them manually from the database and then use sites_ftp_user_edit() and others to edit them. May I have more informations about this?


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VIDEO: A Detroit journalist talks about the Pistons
ORLANDO — Stan Van Gundy might be wearing two hats now as coach and president of basketball operations for the Pistons, but he is of one mind on free-agent forward Greg Monroe.
"I'm not hesitant at all about that. I didn't mean to be. We want Greg Monroe back," Van Gundy said Tuesday afternoon in a hallway of the Amway Center before the Pistons took on the Heat in the Orlando Pro Summer League. "It's obviously got to be a mutual thing too. But there's no hesitation there.
"From Day One, Greg can tell you, I went down and met with him. He was the first player I met with. I went down and met with him within a few days of getting the job and made it clear to him … that we want him back and we haven't wavered on that at all."
The 6-foot-11 Monroe is a restricted free agent after averaging 15.2 points and 9.3 rebounds for a dysfunctional Pistons team that finished with a 29-53 record. After the elite level of NBA free agents that includes LeBron James, Carmelo Anthony and Chris Bosh, the 24-year-old is one of the hottest commodities on the market.
It's expected that Monroe will eventually get an offer in excess of his $10.2 million salary cap hold. The Pistons can match any offer Monroe receives as a restricted free agent.
"There's been a lot of back and forth," Van Gundy said. "I think it's been productive and good. There's no doubt on my part, on the basketball side of things, that we want him back.
"It comes down to the business part of the game. … That's always a different thing than just the coaching and playing side. There's a business part of it and that's where we are right now and these things are a big part of it. You take your summer and do your business and you go from there."
Van Gundy refuted a story from last week that claimed Monroe had made it clear in negotiations that he wanted fellow forward Josh Smith traded or else he would only sign a one-year qualifying offer for $5.4 million and then became an unrestricted free agent next summer.
"It wasn't true," Van Gundy said. "We've been in constant conversation with Greg and his agent [David Falk]. Not one time have either one of them voiced any displeasure about Josh Smith. Not at any time has either one of them intimated that Greg didn't want to play with Josh. So Greg was very bothered when that stuff came out, which I understand. Because it's a teammate. You wouldn't like it if it came out and you said it. But if you didn't say it, it's really troublesome and he's never said that to any of us throughout this situation."
Van Gundy would not go say for certain whether the Pistons would match any offer that Monroe might received from another team. A maximum contract offer for Monroe would be roughly $15.8 million next year.
"I'm not going to get into the business side of things and I'm certainly not going to help other teams in terms of building their strategy or anything else," Van Gundy said. "I'm just going to say that Greg Monroe is a very important piece of the puzzle in Detroit and that we want him back very, very much, and we'll see what happens over the next weeks, months, whatever it takes."


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There's no denying that the perfect complement to a great hotel is a great restaurant – one in which mouth-watering food delights the palate, stunning city or ocean views please the eyes, and a pleasant atmosphere makes you feel right at home from the moment you set foot inside. Whether traveling for business or leisure, some travelers opt to venture beyond the property come breakfast, lunch or dinner time. But why leave the premises when good food and service are mere footsteps away? Below you'll find a sampling of hot dining spots in select properties, chosen not only for their delectable fare but also for the comfortable ambiance, impressive decor and unobstructed views that have earned them high marks among travel mavens and restaurant critics alike.
New York – Top of the Tower Restaurant: Prepare to be swept away by a majestic New York skyline while at this rooftop restaurant inside the historic Beekman Tower Hotel – a perfect choice for fans of Art Deco architecture. Located on the 26th floor, the hotel's menu features small plates such as Seared Sea Scallops and Crispy Calamari as well as big dishes including Oven Roasted Chicken paired with mashed potatoes. Open for breakfast and dinner daily, the restaurant's inviting ambiance makes it a popular meeting spot among vacationing couples and business travelers alike. What's more, excellent service provided by the restaurant staff tops off what many call the perfect New York City dining experience.
Orlando – The Plantation Room: What could top a Four Diamond hotel chock full of great amenities including a lakeside outdoor pool, Grand Bohemian Gallery and evening entertainment? One that has a Four Diamond restaurant, of course, like the boutique Celebration Hotel nestled in the heart of Celebration. Featuring hand-cut Stock Yars Angus Beef steaks and premium cuts of pork, all cooked under the watchful and expert eye of Executive Chef Zach Martin, The Plantation Room is nothing short of a meat lover's paradise. Delectable steakhouse salads and Florida seafood entrees round out the contemporary menu, and guests can also take advantage of the restaurant's eclectic wine list.
Las Vegas – Top of the World Restaurant: Ever thought about elevating your taste buds while you yourself are elevated 800 feet above the ground? That might seem a bit far-fetched, but not if you happen to stop by Stratosphere Casino, Hotel and Towers' Top of the World Restaurant. Awarded "Best Gourmet Room" by the Las Vegas Review-Journal, the restaurant revolves 360º every 80 minutes, ensuring you take in picturesque views of Vegas, the Strip and the surrounding valley. From savory steaks and mouth-watering seafood to a wide assortment of delicious desserts including Banana Bread Pudding, this restaurant is a can't-miss stop on the Strip. Reservations are required for dinner and recommended for lunch.
Boston – Meritage: The 5-star Boston Harbor Hotel's location overlooking historic Boston Harbor at Rowes Wharf makes it a great place to relish expansive water views. But at Meritage The Restaurant, that's not all travelers enjoy – let alone those with discriminating palates. Chef Daniel Bruce has perfected the art of seamlessly pairing the flavors infused in his cuisine with those found in hundreds of fine wines. Try delicious Caviar Topped Island Creek Oysters, or indulge in Pan Seared Diver Sea Scallops. Meritage was given the "Best in Service" distinction by Boston Globe Magazine (2007), named "Boston's Best Romantic Restaurant" by The Improper Bostonian (2006), and rated #1 for Best Waterfront Dining by Citysearch (2005). Accolades racked up by this fine hotel go on and on.
Los Angeles – WEST Restaurant & Lounge: Housed inside Los Angeles' Hotel Angeleno, set at the crossroads of Brentwood and Bel-Air, WEST offers a great spot to mingle with friends or convene with co-workers following a day spent shopping or in meetings. Open for breakfast and lunch Monday through Friday, and for dinner Monday through Sunday, the restaurant features a diverse range of lively music, from contemporary jazz to funk. The dining room has sophisticated lighting and comes furnished with lavish banquettes and marble tables. Pair your entree – prime dry age steaks and traditional pastas are guest favorites here – with a glass of Italian or California wine while soaking up panoramic views of Los Angeles through floor-to-ceiling windows. Should you need it, WEST features more than 2,800 square feet of private reception and meeting space.
Whether you're looking to start your day off right with a buffet breakfast, fuel up at lunch time, or wine and dine with your sweetheart on Valentine's Day while staring into a perfect sunset, hotels are home to some of the finest restaurants out there. So next time you're craving a good meal, don't be so quick to look beyond the walls of your hotel; a gastronomic gem could be just a few floors down – or up!


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Hellenistic religion, any of the various systems of beliefs and practices of eastern Mediterranean peoples from 300 bc to ad 300.
The period of Hellenistic influence, when taken as a whole, constitutes one of the most creative periods in the history of religions. It was a time of spiritual revolution in the Greek and Roman empires, when old cults died or were fundamentally transformed and when new religious movements came into being.
Nature and significance
The historical Hellenistic Age is defined as the period from the death of the Greco-Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great (323 bc) to the conquest of Egypt by Rome (30 bc), but the influence of the Hellenistic religions extended to the time of Constantine, the first Christian Roman emperor (d. ad 337); these religions are confined to those that were active within the Mediterranean world. The empire of Alexander and his successors created a great world community which, whether in Macedonian, Greco-Roman, or its later Christian form, established a cultural unity that was destined to be broken only 1,000 years later with the advent of Muslim imperialism (beginning in 7th century ad). This empire was so vast as truly to stagger the imagination. Extending from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Indus River, from the forests of Germany and the steppes of Russia to the Sahara Desert and the Indian Ocean, it took in an area of some 1.5 million square miles (3.9 million square kilometres; most of Europe, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Africa, Persia, and the borderlands of India) and had a total population of more than 54 million.
The study of Hellenistic religions is a study of the dynamics of religious persistence and change in this vast and culturally varied area. Almost every religion in this period occurred in both its homeland and in diasporic centres—the foreign cities in which its adherents lived as minority groups. For example, Isis (Egypt), Baal (Syria), the Great Mother (Phrygia), Yahweh (Palestine), and Mithra (Kurdistan) were worshiped in their native lands as well as in Rome and other cosmopolitan centres. With few exceptions, each of these religions, originally tied to a specific geographic area and people, had traditions extending back centuries before the Hellenistic period. In their homeland they were inextricably tied to local loyalties and ambitions. Each persisted in its native land with little perceptible change save for its becoming linked to nationalistic or messianic movements (centring on a deliverer figure) seeking to overthrow Greco-Roman political and cultural domination. Indeed, many of these native religions underwent a conscious archaism during this period, attempting to recover earlier forms and practices. Old texts in native languages (especially those related to relevant themes such as kingship) were recopied, national temples were restored, and old, mythic traditions were revived. From Palestine to Persia one may trace the rise of Wisdom literature (the teachings of a sage concerning the hidden purposes of the deity) and apocalyptic traditions (referring to a belief in the dramatic intervention of a god in human and natural events) that represent these central concerns—i.e., national destiny, the importance of traditional lore, the saving power of kingship, and the revival of mythic images. Each of these native traditions likewise underwent hellenization (modifications based on Greek cultural ideas), but in a manner frequently different from their diasporic counterparts.
Each of these native religions also had diasporic centres that exhibited marked change during the Hellenistic period. There was a noticeable lessening of concern on the part of the members of the dispersed religious group for the destiny and fortunes of the native land and also a relative severing of the traditional ties between religion and the land. Certain cult centres remained sites of pilgrimage or objects of sentimental attachment; but the old beliefs in national deities and the inextricable relationship of the deity to certain sacred places was weakened. Rather than a god who dwelt in his temple, the diasporic traditions evolved complicated techniques for achieving visions, epiphanies (manifestations of a god), or heavenly journeys to a transcendent god. This led to a change from concern for a religion of national prosperity to one for individual salvation, from focus on a particular ethnic group to concern for every human. The prophet or saviour replaced the priest and king as the chief religious figure. In the diasporic centres, as is generally characteristic of immigrant groups, there were two circles. The first (or inner circle) was composed of devout, full-time adherents of the cult for whom the deity retained a separate and decisive identity (e.g., those of Yahweh, Zeus Serapis, and Isis). Its membership was drawn from the ethnic group for whom the deity was indigenous, and the group tended to continue to speak the native language. The second (or outer circle) was composed of either second- and third-generation immigrants or converts from groups for whom the religion was not native. These individuals tended to speak Greek, and this began the lengthy process of reinterpretation of the archaic religion. Ancient sacred books were translated or paraphrased into Greek—e.g., the 4th–3rd-century-bc Babylonian priest Berosus' version of Babylonian materials, the 4th–3rd-century-bc Egyptian priest Manetho's Egyptian accounts, the Jewish Septuagint (Greek version of the Old Testament), or the 1st-century-ad Jewish historian Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews, and the ethnic histories of the 1st-century-bc Greek writer Alexander Polyhistor. In each case the material was reinterpreted both in light of common Hellenistic ideals and in accord with the special traditions and needs of the diasporic community. Both the inner and outer circles fostered esotericism (secrets to be known only by initiates)—the former by its use of native language and its oral recollection of traditions from the homeland; the latter by its use of allegory and other similar methods to radically reinterpret the sacred texts. The difference between these groups was responsible for many shifts in the character of the religion. Most notable was the shift from elements characteristic of native religion in its definition of religion (e.g., local tradition and custom, informal knowledge orally transmitted, and birth) to formulated dogma, creeds, law codes, and rules for conversion and admission that were characteristic of diasporic religion. It was a shift from "birthright" to "convinced" religion.
The history of Hellenistic religions is rarely the history of genuinely new religions. Rather it is best understood as the study of archaic Mediterranean religions in their Hellenistic phase within both their native and diasporic settings. It is usually by concentrating on the diaspora that the Hellenistic character of a cult has been described.
Religion from the death of Alexander to the reformation of Augustus: 323–27 bc
The conquests of Alexander opened the way for religious interchange between East and West; the political structures left behind by Alexander and continued by his successors provided strong incentives for the hellenization of native religions. Characteristic of this first period of Hellenistic religious history were the following developments: (1) the introduction of Oriental cults into the West, especially those associated with female deities who were either worshiped in frenzied rites of self-mutilation (e.g., the Phrygian Cybele, brought to Rome in 204 bc; the Syrian Atargatis; or the Cappadocian Ma-Bellona) or in adoring contemplation of their beneficence and gentle rites of divine rebirth (e.g., the Egyptian Isis, whose cult was widespread in the Greco-Roman world by the middle of the 2nd century bc); (2) the hellenization of native cults (most famously that of the archaic Egyptian god Serapis whose Greek form was promulgated by Ptolemy I, the founder of the Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty in 305 bc); (3) the development of the ideology of divine kingship based on Oriental kingship traditions; and (4) the rise of nationalistic and messianic movements directed against internal and external hellenization; e.g., the Maccabean rebellion led by Judas Maccabeus and his brothers against Jewish hellenizing parties and the Syrian overlords in 167–142 bc, and the numerous Egyptian rebellions, especially that led by the Egyptian independence leader Harmakhis in Thebais in 207/6 bc.
Religion from the Augustan reformation to the death of Marcus Aurelius: 27 bc–ad 180
Oriental cults underwent their most significant expansion westward during this period. Particularly noticeable was the success of a variety of prophets, magicians, and healers—e.g., John the Baptist, Jesus, Simon Magus, Apollonius of Tyana, Alexander the Paphlagonian, and the cult of the healer Asclepius—whose preaching corresponded to the activities of various Greek and Roman philosophic missionaries. A developing tension between these "new" Eastern religions and the archaic Greco-Roman traditions was expressed internally in the attempt by the emperor Augustus to revive traditional Roman religious practices. Attempts were made to expel foreigners or to suppress foreign worship—e.g., the suppression of the Bacchic mysteries (salvation cults devoted to the god Dionysus, or Bacchus) in Rome in 186 bc, or the numerous attempts to prohibit the worship of the Egyptian goddess Isis in Rome, beginning in 59 bc. The Augustan reformation also restored Roman sacred books and Greek temples.
Externally, the developing tension was expressed in wars, riots, and persecutions, such as the Jewish–pagan riots in Alexandria in ad 38 and 115–116, the Jewish–Roman wars of ad 66–70 and 132–135, and the beginning of the persecution of Christians under the Roman emperor Nero in ad 64. Another cause of tension was the elaboration of a full-blown cult of "emperor worship," beginning with the deification of Augustus (Sept. 17, ad 14) shortly after his death.
Religion from Commodus to Theodosius I: ad 180–395
After the death of the "philosopher-king" Marcus Aurelius in ad 180, his son Commodus became emperor, and a period of political instability began. The dominant feature of the concluding period of Hellenistic influence—and shortly thereafter—was the rapid growth of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire, culminating in the conversion to Christianity of the emperor Constantine in 313 and the religious legislation of the emperor Theodosius affirming in 380 the dogmas of the Christian Council of Nicaea—which had been convened in 325 under the auspices of Constantine—and prohibiting paganism in a decree of 392. In this period the various Hellenistic cults were victims of active hostilities, which were expressed through prohibition, acts of violence, and theological polemics between "pagans" and Christians (e.g., the pagan philosophers Maximus of Tyre and Celsus, and the Christian philosophical theologians Irenaeus, Tertullian, and St. Clement of Alexandria, all of the 2nd century); but there were also brief periods of Hellenistic revitalization. The Neoplatonic school (based on a complicated system of levels of reality) of the 3rd-century philosophers Plotinus and Porphyry represented the culmination of Hellenistic religious philosophy. The Syrian solar cults of Sol Invictus (the "Unconquered Sun") and Jupiter Dolichenus played an important role under the emperors Antoninus Pius, the Severans—Septimius, and Alexander—and Elagabalus and these were hailed as the supreme deities of Rome under Aurelian, whose Sun temple was dedicated in 274. From Parthia, the dualistic and spiritual teachings of the 2nd-century Iranian prophet Mani were widely disseminated throughout the Empire. The Persian cult of the ancient Iranian god of light, Mithra, spread rapidly throughout the western and northern Empire during the 3rd through 5th centuries. Although these various traditions enjoyed brief imperial patronage under Julian, they eventually were subsumed under the political and religious hegemony of Christianity (see below The influence of Hellenistic religions).
Beliefs, practices, and institutions
The archaic religions of the Mediterranean world were primarily religions of etiquette. At the centre of these religions were complex systems governing the interrelationships between gods and humans, individuals and the state, and living people and their ancestors. The entire cosmos was conceived as a vast network of relationships, each component of which, whether divine or human, must know its place and fulfill its appointed role. The model for this all-encompassing system was the divine society of the gods, and the map of this system was the order of the planets and stars. Through astrology, divination, and oracles, people discerned the unalterable patterns of destiny and sought to bring their world (the microcosm) into harmony with the divine cosmos (the macrocosm; see also astrology).
This archaic pattern of affirming and celebrating the order of the cosmos was expressed in the typical creation myth of the Middle Eastern and Mediterranean world, which consisted of a creation by combat between the forces of order and chaos. Order was understood to be something won in the beginning by the gods, and it was this primordial act of salvation that was renewed and reexperienced in the cult.
In the Hellenistic period a new religious world was experienced that required new religious expressions. The old religions of conformity and place no longer spoke to this new religious situation and its questions. What if the law and order of the cosmos was no longer seen as the creative expression of limits and the delineation of roles, but rather as an evil, perverse, confining structure from which man and the cosmos must escape? Rather than the archaic structures of celebration and conformity to place, the new religious mood spoke of escape and liberation from place and of salvation from an evil, imprisoned world. The characteristic religion of the Hellenistic period was dualistic. People sought to escape from the despotism of this world and its rulers (exemplified by the seven planetary spheres) and to ascend to another world of freedom. Hellenistic people saw themselves as exiles from their true home, the Beyond, and they sought for ways to return. They strove to regain their place in the world beyond this world where they truly belonged, to encounter the god beyond the god of this world who was the true god, and to awaken that part of themselves (their souls or spirits) that had descended from the heavenly realm by stripping off their bodies, which belonged to this world. The questions that the religions of the Hellenistic period sought to answer may be seen in a fragment from the 2nd-century Anatolian Gnostic teacher Theodotus: "What liberates is the knowledge of who we were [before our earthly existence] and what we have become [on earth]; where we were [the Beyond] and the place to which we have been thrown [the world]; where we are going and from what are we redeemed; what is birth and what is rebirth" (preserved in Clement of Alexandria, Excerpta ex Theodoto, 78.2).
The gods
In the Greco-Roman world during the Hellenistic period, archaic deities were transformed in part because of the new spirit of the age and in part by foreign influences. A number of the old chthonic (underworld) and agricultural (fertility) gods and the old agricultural mysteries (corporate renewal religions related to fertility concepts) fundamentally altered their character. Rather than an expression of the alternation of life and death, of fertility and sterility, and a celebration of the promise of renewal for the land and the people, the seasonal drama was homologized to a soteriology (salvation concept) concerning the destiny, fortune, and salvation of the individual after death. The collective agricultural rite became a mystery, a salvific experience reserved for the elect (such as the Greek mystery religion of Eleusis). Other traditions even more radically reinterpreted the ancient figures. The cosmic or seasonal drama was interiorized to refer to the divine soul within man that must be liberated. Such cults were dualistic mysteries distinguishing sharply between the body and soul. They taught that it is the soul alone that was initiated by passing through death or the Underworld, or by being dismembered so that it might be freed from the body and regain its rightful mode of spiritual existence (such as the Orphic—mystical—reinterpretation of the role of the agricultural god Dionysus). In the gnostic mysteries (the esoteric dualistic cults that viewed matter as evil and the spirit as good), this process was carried further through the identification of the experiences of the soul that was to be saved with the vicissitudes of a divine but fallen soul, which had to be redeemed by cultic activity and divine intervention. This view is illustrated in the concept of the paradoxical figure of the saved saviour, salvator salvandus.
Other deities, who had previously been associated with national destiny (e.g., Zeus, Yahweh, and Isis), were raised to the status of transcendent, supreme deities whose power and ontological status (relating to being or existence) far surpassed the other gods, who were understood as their servants or antagonists. The religious person sought to make contact with, or to stand before, this one, true god of the Beyond. The piety of the individual was directed either toward preparing himself to ascend up through the planetary spheres to the realm of the transcendent god or toward calling the transcendent god down that he might appear to him in an epiphany or vision. These techniques for achieving ascent or a divine epiphany make up the bulk of the material that has usually been termed magical, theurgic (referring to the art of persuading a god to reveal himself and grant salvation, healing, and other requests), or astrological and that represents the characteristic expression of Hellenistic religiosity.
Cosmogony and cosmology
The cosmogonies (dealing with the origins of the world) and cosmologies (dealing with the ordering of the world) of the Hellenistic period centred around the problem of accounting for the distance between this world and the Beyond, or on accounting for the evil nature of this world and its gods. Many mythic schema were employed regarding the origin and ordering of this world. It was viewed as being: the result of the conscious or unconscious emanation from the transcendent realm; the result of the fall of a deity from the Beyond; the creation of a hostile, ignorant, or evil deity; or a joke or mistake. The purpose of this speculation was both pragmatic and soteriological: if one could determine how this creation came into being, one could reverse it or overcome it and be saved.
Religious organization
The temples and cult institutions of the various Hellenistic religions were repositories of the knowledge and techniques necessary for salvation and were the agents of the public worship of a particular deity. In addition, they served an important sociological role. In the new, cosmopolitan ideology that followed Alexander's conquests, the old nationalistic and ethnic boundaries had broken down and the problem of religious and social identity had become acute. The Hellenistic Age was characterized by the rapid growth of private religious societies (thiasoi). Though some were organized according to national origin or trade, the majority were dedicated to the worship of a particular deity. In many instances these groups began as immigrant associations (e.g., an Egyptian association of devotees of Amon was chartered in Athens at the beginning of the 3rd century bc); but they often transcended these origins and became a new form of religious organization in which citizens of various countries, freemen and slaves, could be united by their common devotion and share in a common religious heritage. Admission to such groups was voluntary (in contradistinction to the archaic national or familial religious organizations) and demanded the payment of dues, submission to collective authority, and the acceptance of strict codes of morality. Most of these groups had regular meetings for a communal meal that served the dual role of sacramental participation (referring to the use of material elements believed to convey spiritual benefits among the members and with their deity) and the social function of fellowship; i.e., the security of membership in a group and a shared sense of identity.
The influence of Hellenistic religions
The archaic gods worshiped during the Hellenistic period possessed a remarkable longevity. The Eleusinian Mysteries, founded in the 15th century bc, ceased in the 4th century ad; Dionysus, whose name first appears on tablets dated to c. 1400 bc, was last celebrated in the beginning of the 6th century ad; the last temple of Isis, whose cult extended back to the 2nd millennium bc in Egypt, was closed in ad 560. Yet even after these ceased as objects of devotion in the post-Constantinian period, they continued to exercise their influence. Hellenistic philosophy (Stoicism, Cynicism, Neo-Aristotelianism, Neo-Pythagoreanism, and Neoplatonism) provided key formulations for Jewish, Christian, and Muslim philosophy, theology, and mysticism through the 18th century. Hellenistic magic, theurgy, astrology, and alchemy remained influential until modern times in both East and West. Theosophy and other forms of the occult, especially since the Renaissance, drew their inspiration from the Hellenistic mystery cults, Hermeticism (Greco-Egyptian astrological, magical, and occultic movement), and Gnosticism. Various Jewish, Christian, and Muslim sectarian groups continued the theologies of many of the Hellenistic religions (especially dualistic modes of thought). Hellenistic sacred art and architecture has remained a basis of Christian and Jewish iconography and architecture to the present day. Figures such as Alexander the Great inspired a vast body of religious literature, especially in the Middle Ages. Many of the symbols and legends associated with Hellenistic deities persisted in folk literature and hagiography (stories of saints and "holy" persons). The basic forms of worship of both the Jewish and Christian communities were heavily influenced in their formative period by Hellenistic practices, and this remains fundamentally unchanged to the present time. Finally, the central religious literature of both traditions—the Jewish Talmud (an authoritative compendium of law, lore, and interpretation), the New Testament, and the later patristic literature of the early Church Fathers—are characteristic Hellenistic documents both in form and content.Jonathan Z. Smith
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
biblical literature: Hellenistic religionsWith the expansion of Christianity into the Hellenistic world either to Jews or increasingly to Gentiles, there were various reasons why the Christian message that spread, for example by Paul, met the needs of the Hellenistic Age and world. There was no lack…
ceremonial object: Sound devices…and were used in the Hellenistic mystery (salvatory) religions, such as those of Dionysus (a god of wine) and the Eleusinian mysteries (centred on devotion to Demeter, a seasonal-renewal goddess). They were the only instruments played in the Temple of Jerusalem, where they were known as
metziltayimor tzeltzelim…
Zoroastrianism: The Arsacid period…submerged by the wave of Hellenism. At Susa, for instance, which had been one of the capital cities of the Achaemenids but where the religion of Auramazda was not indigenous, the coinage of the Seleucid and Arsacid periods does not represent a single Iranian deity.…
miracle: Miracles in the religions of the worldHellenistic religion presents one of the best examples of a civilization in which miracles play a major part. The intervention of the gods in the affairs of the Homeric heroes takes place in a cosmos in which the divine and human spheres still interact. Later…
ValentinusValentinus, Egyptian religious philosopher, founder of Roman and Alexandrian schools of Gnosticism, a system of religious dualism (belief in rival deities of good and evil) with a doctrine of salvation by gnōsis, or esoteric knowledge. Valentinian communities, founded by his disciples, provided the…
More About Hellenistic religion10 references found in Britannica articles
beliefs and rituals
- cymbal use
- miracles
- monotheism
- mythology
historical development
- anti-Semitism
- Judaism
- Mithraism
- Zoroastrianism
influence on
- "Life of Adam and Eve"
- New Testament


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On Jun 22, 2006, at 12:36 PM, Malcolm Slaney wrote:
On Jun 21, 2006, at 2:54 AM, Olivier Tache wrote:
I have read a number of "classical" papers about MDS and auditory dissimilarity (by Gordon&Grey, Grey&Moorer, Wessel) (and was wondering if such experiments were still carried out).
I think the Gray/Wessel approach has failed..
Failed at what? Malcolm, I think you have missed the point. My original goal in the early 70's was to develop representations of musical material that would help me reason about the composition of timbre sequences known as klangfarbenmelodies. In one of my early papers ( http://xenakis.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Wessel78a/ ), I demonstrate that one can obtain interpretable geometric representations of musically useful timbres and that such "timbre spaces" can be used to make predictions about the behavior of timbre sequences. Hardly a failure! Grey and Gordon demonstrated how such MDS spaces can be used to make interesting timbral interpolations or hybrid instrument sounds. Recently, I've taken a new look at the timbre space representations obtained by myself, Grey, McAdams, Wedin and Goude and am struck by how well Les Atlas's Modulation Spectrum describes what is a common feature of many of the 2-D spaces wherein one of the dimensions is related to the spectral envelope and the other the temporal envelope.
I have no objection to your and Terasawa's approach of testing a pre-ordained model such as one based on MFCC's. However, such tests should be carried out in a direct manner as suggested by Krantz and Tversky in their work on the foundations of the geometric representation of perceptual data (see Suppes, Krantz, Luce, & Tversky's Foundations of Measurement Vol 2). I doubt that MFCC's will pass the straightforward qualitative test of "interdimensional additivity" essential to a geometric representation.
David Wessel
"The spectrum is not an interesting steady date." she said as I was enveloped.
it's too hard to figure out what the results mean. (Just trying to be blunt to get your attention. ;-) You start with convenient sounds, measure perception and then try to figure out what the MDS dimensions mean. That hasn't worked. I think that is why people have not been pushing on it very hard lately.
Hiroko Terasawa and I have been taking an opposite approach. We're *starting* with the dimensions, synthesizing sounds and then measuring the stress between human perception and the pre-ordained model. Several papers describing our initial results are online at
Sounds like Jim is doing something in between the two extremes.
- Malcolm


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Posted on Jun 18, 2013
Interesting Trips for Various Generations and In Home Elderly Care
Interesting Trips for Various Generations and In Home Elderly Care from Senior Helpers of . Call 970-658-8228 today! Senior Helpers of Fort Collins provides a wide range of services including Alzheimer's and dementia care, personal assistance, companionship, and so much more.
Multigenerational vacations seem to be a recurring theme and growing trend among the newest generation of seniors. More and more families are planning their trips with their aging loved ones. According to a recent University of Florida study, multigenerational travel has increased tremendously and now accounts for over one fifth of all trips taken with children. It is becoming more important that grandchildren get to know their grandparents, including during a family getaway. Our aging loved ones desire to remain an active part of our family. Bringing them along on vacation will help them to stay connected and apart of new and exciting memories.
Interesting trips for various generations means that the best vacations are ones that manage time spent together wisely. For some families, not having a full twenty four hour contact is best to not get tired of one another. Perhaps the senior adults do something they like such as visiting a flea market or relax on the beach while the younger part of the family attends a local attraction or amusement park. With good planning, you can meet up for dinner and have interesting stories to share about what happened throughout the day.
One interesting choice for a travel destination has no set location at all. A cruise vacation tends to meet all travel criteria for making an interesting trip for various generations. Cruise ships offer a wide variety of activities in one spot while traveling to locations in the Caribbean, Alaska or other popular spots. It helps to not feel locked in to your family's schedule and that everyone can be easily entertained with shuffle board, a casino, dancing, swimming, and more without feeling pressure to do the same things together.
Another popular vacation destination for your entire family is Disney. Disney is not always the least expensive place to visit and fortunately the theme park recognizes the growing appeal of traveling with elderly loved ones. Disney now offers several vacation packages geared specifically to families. Grandparents 55 and over can also get discounts by booking at select hotels.
For many families, a simple vacation spent at a rented house on the beach is the way to go. In most cases, renting a home near a vacation destination can be more affordable than booking several nights at a hotel and you will have free reign to relax and spread out. Not only are these vacation homes popular near beach locations, they are also a wonderful option during the fall in the woods in the Poconos, Catskills, or other mountainous locations throughout the United States. The family will appreciate being close to one another but not have to share a room as in hotel.
Traveling with an aging loved one does not have to be complicated. With a little creative thinking, you can come up with an interesting trip for various generations that will include your senior loved one and keep them an active part of the family.
Senior Helpers of Fort Collins proudly serves all areas of . Call 970-658-8228 to learn more about the in home elderly care services available to your aging loved one.


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Picture of Natalie
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- she is wearing two extensions in her hair
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Synthetic hair is also a good option because it is not affected by the environment. It has "memory" technology which means that it will hold its shape or curl in cold weather, rain and humidity. If you want to make sure that your hair stays in place for an important event, such as your wedding or family photos, you won't be disappointed with our extensions. They will hold up.
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iAquaLink, created by Zodiac Pool Systems and ioBridge, is currently featured in the July/August 2012 issue of the Connected World Magazine. Connected World covers summertime technology in an article called, "Backyard Bandwidth". Learn about backyard devices like the iGrill Wireless Thermometer and the iAquaLink Intelligent Pool and Spa Controller. iAquaLink allows for real-time, remote access from smart devices and complete automation of pool and spa equipment including pumps, filters, cleaners, sprinklers, and heaters / chillers. Connected World Magazine is available in bookstores like Barnes & Noble, by subscription, and online.
Make sure you are listening to The Peggy Smedley Show for the latest in M2M and emerging connected technology. On a recent episode, Peggy covers "Hot Summer Gadgets" and discusses the iAquaLink with her co-host Mike Carrozzo. As with all episodes, Peggy dives into the space we are working so hard to advance and it's great to hear about one of our customer's products on the show. Check out the Hot Summer Gadgets segment on The Peggy Smedley Show.


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Visit our main website at www.StDavids.com
Amy Scholten, MPH
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) measures the electrical activity of your heart. The heart generates an electrical signal, which flows out from your heart through your body. Small electrical sensors, called electrodes, are put on your skin to sense the electricity that began in your heart. The electrical activity is then turned into a graph. This can give doctors an idea of whether your heart is beating normally.
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
An EKG is used to:
Symptoms that may prompt an EKG include:
An EKG may also be obtained if you:
There are no major complications associated with this test.
You may:
You will be asked to lie quietly on your back with your shirt off. Six small, sticky pads with attached wires will be placed across your chest. Others will be placed on your arms and legs. The wires will connect to the EKG machine. You will not feel anything during the test.
You may resume activities as recommended by your doctor.
3-4 minutes
Your doctor will interpret the EKG. Based on the results and your other health information, you may need more tests or a treatment plan.
Call your doctor if you have heart-related symptoms, such as chest pain or trouble breathing.
If you think you have an emergency, call for emergency medical services right away.
American Heart Association
Heart Rhythm Society
Canadian Cardiovascular Society
Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG). American Heart Association website. Available at:
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/SymptomsDiagnosisofHeartAttack/Electrocardiogram-ECG-or-EKG_UCM_309050_Article.jsp. Updated November 26, 2012. Accessed March 11, 2015.
Noninvasive tests and procedures. American Heart Association website. Available at:
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/SymptomsDiagnosisofHeartAttack/Non-Invasive-Tests-and-Procedures_UCM_303930_Article.jsp. Updated April 15, 2013. Accessed March 11, 2015.
What is an electrocardiogram? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website. Available at:
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/ekg/. Updated October 1, 2010. Accessed March 11, 2015.
Last reviewed March 2015 by Michael J. Fucci, DO
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Copyright © EBSCO Publishing. All rights reserved.
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Acute inpatient rehabilitation provides you the intensity and level of care you need for your road to recovery. Learn More
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Find hotels & motels in Clawson using the list below. Explore our guide for inexpensive and discount hotel/motel rates in or near Clawson, MI for your upcoming individual or group travel. We list the best Clawson, Michigan motel and hotel rooms. Browse the Clawson area hotels to find the perfect lodging! Please use the provided map of the Clawson hotels. Need 5+ Rooms? Secure Clawson Group Hotel Discounts
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NEW YORK, NY--(Marketwired - Apr 14, 2014) - SeedInvest, a leading equity-based crowdfunding platform, announced today that it has launched a $3 million Series A round on its own crowdfunding platform. The first $2 million has already been committed by prominent venture capital firms, including: Scout Ventures, Great Oaks Venture Capital, Avenue A Ventures, Krillion Ventures and Archer Gray. SeedInvest is excited to open up the remainder of its round to individual accredited investors who would like to invest alongside the aforementioned venture capital firms. This announcement marks the first time that a US-based equity crowdfunding platform has publicly raised capital for itself. Interested investors should go to www.seedinvest.com/seedinvest to learn more about the company and the investment opportunity.
The $3 million raise will enable SeedInvest to grow its team to support its rapidly growing investor base. In conjunction with the raise, Bradley Harrison, Managing Partner at Scout Ventures, will join SeedInvest's Board of Directors.
"SeedInvest has both the right team and vision to capitalize on one of the largest shifts of economic power to retail investors that we have experienced in our lifetime," said Harrison. "Their results clearly prove that they are addressing a huge problem for both investors and entrepreneurs."
Since its launch in February 2013, SeedInvest has rapidly expanded its investment base, attracting thousands of investors who are looking to collectively invest more than $125 million in startups. In addition to establishing a thriving marketplace, SeedInvest is getting deals done. The company processed more than 60 investments worth over $2 million in March alone, and grew its transaction volume by 350% in the first quarter of this year versus the previous quarter.
Unlike other platforms that keep 20% of returns, SeedInvest is completely free for investors. This has enabled SeedInvest to attract larger investors who made investments as large as $550,000 last month. As a result, SeedInvest has proven that it can deliver capital quickly and bring high-value-add investors to the table. During March, SeedInvest helped Vengo, a high-tech digital vending machine, raise $720,000 online from a combination of venture funds, family offices and individual angel investors.
"Although we have had a tremendous start to 2014, we can't wait for the 2nd half of this year," said Ryan Feit, CEO and co-Founder SeedInvest. "As soon as the final portion of the JOBS Act kicks-in, we will open SeedInvest to 240 million Americans who will be able to invest in startup companies for the very first time."
To learn more about SeedInvest and how equity crowdfunding supports entrepreneurs, watch this video: https://vimeo.com/91865611
About SeedInvest
SeedInvest is a leading equity crowdfunding platform that provides high-quality startup investment opportunities to investors who haven't previously had access to them. SeedInvest was founded in 2012 by former professional investors Ryan Feit and James Han and is located in the heart of New York City's entrepreneurial community. For more information please go to www.seedinvest.com and follow us on Twitter @seedinvest_co.
Contact Information:
Media Contact:
Eitan Urkowitz
Emerging Media


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Draper's Online Coloring Book allows you to color right on
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Pa. Supreme Court agrees with brief submitted by Children's Advocacy Clinic
Pa. Supreme Court agrees with brief submitted by Children's Advocacy Clinic
The Pennsylvania Supreme Court recently agreed with an amici curiae brief submitted by the Children's Advocacy Clinic at Penn State arguing that an unhealthy emotional bond between a parent and child should not prevent a court from terminating a parent's rights when it's in the best interest of the children.
Even though her five children had been in foster care for the past 10 years, the trial court refused to terminate the mother's rights reasoning that a bond existed between her and the children and severing that bond would not benefit the welfare of the children. KidsVoice, Guardian ad Litem for the children, appealed the lower court's decision on the grounds that while a bond may have existed it was pathological in nature and was not worth preserving.
Reversing the Superior Court's decision, the Supreme Court concluded that the children's needs and welfare would be best served by severing the bond with their mother permanently, in order to permit them to be placed into healthy, permanent homes.
"Penn State Children's Advocacy Clinic highlighted the statewide importance of this issue by bringing together six Pennsylvania organizations to highlight the critical impact of pathological parent-child bonding in termination hearings across Pennsylvania. The clinic further bolstered the case by reaching out to the psychiatrists at the Penn State Hershey Medical Center to provide convincing studies and research on the importance of the child and parent bonding at issue," said Scott Hollander, executive director of KidsVoice. "That combined effort by Penn State helped KidsVoice prevail in a case which sets a powerful precedent that should positively affect many children across Pennsylvania for years to come. This is true not only because of the holding regarding pathological bonding, but because the case provides strong language and significant guidance from the Supreme Court about how Pennsylvania trial courts and the Superior Court should and should not address cases involving Pennsylvania's abused and neglected children."
When contacted by KidsVoice to see if the Children's Advocacy Clinic would be interested in writing a brief in support of their position, Clinical Fellow Tim Smith, '12, said that they didn't hesitate. "This issue has arisen in cases that we have handled at the clinic in the past, and, unfortunately will continue so we also had an interest in getting clarification from the court."
"In dependency matters finding permanency for children through reunification, adoption or long-term placement with a family member is a top priority," Smith said. "This case will help clarify how courts in Pennsylvania should address termination of parental rights in the future. If an unhealthy family bond exists, a court can now terminate parental rights if the benefits of breaking that bond outweigh the harm it may cause, like it did in this case where a permanent home for the children was a stake."
While doing research for the brief, the clinic reached out to their partners at the child psychiatry unit at Hershey Medical Center. The psychiatrists were able to provide medical research articles on the topic of parent child bonding, which were cited in the amicus brief.
Five other organizations joined the clinic on the brief: the Support Center for Child Advocates, Pennsylvania CASA (Court Appointed Special Advocate) Association, CASA of Allegheny County, National Association of Social Workers and the Dependency Division of the Allegheny County Office of Conflict Counsel.


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Tribal Enterprises
The KBIC has a number of tribal enterprises and businesses that offer important services as well as jobs to the community. Some of the businesses and enterprises include: The Ojibwa Casino, Eagle Radio (Eagle Country and the Rockin' Eagle).
The Ojibwa Recreation Area is located along the pristine shores of Lake Superior. We offer camping, fishing, beaches, and a marina with easy access to Lake Superior via Keweenaw Bay. Also located within the recreation area are the historic Sand Point Lighthouse and Sand Point Archeological Site. These sites are registered with the National Register of Historic Places
This area is for the Pines Convience Store promotional tidbit.


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Jared's Gift
Vance, Marguerite
AbeBooks Seller Since February 15, 2001Quantity Available: 1
AbeBooks Seller Since February 15, 2001Quantity Available: 1
About this Item
Bibliographic Details
Title: Jared's Gift
Publisher: E.P. Dutton & Co., New York
Publication Date: 1965
Binding: Hardcover
Illustrator: Lonette, Reisie
Book Condition: Fine
Dust Jacket Condition: Very Good
Edition: 1st Edition
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