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>33i .38; C6e Lifitarp of t|)e UniUiMtv of J13ortl) Carolina Colltctfon of il^ortS CatoUniana C351 00033934823 This Book may be kept out TWO WEEKS ONLY, and is subject to a fine of FIVE CENTS a day thereafter. It was taken out on the day indicated below: BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR JULY 1, 1936, TO JUNE 30, 1938 ISSUED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FORREST H. SHUFORD. COMMISSIONER RALEIGH BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR JULY 1, 1936, TO JUNE 30, 1938 ISSUED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FORREST H. SHUFORD, COMMISSIONER RALEIGH Biennial Report of the Department of Labor r CHILD LABOR CERTIFICATION IN COOPERATION WITH SUP'TS OF PUBLIC WELFARE (/) uH <ri If) z h9 < 1- 1- < in o hi z^ ^a <n z >< Q EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLL IN COOPERATION WITH US BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS BUREAU OF ELEVATOR INSPECTION z 3 O D. CO CQ (/I z z 3 2 < U I-CC O — LU 3 2 0. CO to z en 1 BUREAU OF GENERAL SPECTION z - 1 u. < CDl. ^ °§ AFFILIATED WITH N. C. STATE EMPLOYMENT SERVICE z o I-Li.< 0ZqO < UJ 7- UJ T O ..1 I < 111 ^ I ir Ir 1- O -) OOI (TZI < — ^ u. O Ijl 1- ^ <OI (0 (O >Q Zo CO 10 < 2 Z2 q<:<^ Oct 1- 1(0 HD ceo oz z - UJ 1- < 1- (O TABLE OF CONTENTS Recommendations of Commissioner of Labor 9 Report of Expenditures of Department of Labor 16 Division of Standards and Inspections 17 Bureau of Elevator Inspections 29 Bureau of Mines and Quarries 31 Bureau of Boiler Inspection 34 Division of Statistics 40 Child Labor in North Carolina 44 Building Construction Work in Principal Cities of North Carolina 1936-1937 69 Employment, Hours of Work and Average Wages Earned in Principal Manufacturing Industries 75 Women's Wages in North Carolina, March 1938 78 Veterans' Service Division 79 Bureau of Labor for Deaf 84 PERSONNEL DIRECTORY NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Forrest H. Shuford, Commissioner. Administrative Office Miss Minnie S. Gosney Principal General Clerk Miss Annie Shaw Secretary to the Commissioner Division of Standards and Inspections Lewis P. Sorrell Chief Inspector Murray M. Grier Safety Engineer Pryor E. Sugg Elevator Inspector John R. Bulla Factory Inspector Clarence L. Beddingfield Factory Inspector Fred J. Coxe, Jr Factory Inspector Miss Lona Glidewell Factory Inspector William E. Haynes Factory Inspector Glenn L. Penland Factory Inspector W. G. Watson Factory Inspector George W. King Factory Inspector Miss Esther G. Hall Secretary to Chief Inspector Mrs. Marcellite L. Coley Stenographer-Clerk Miss Lurlene Hicks Stenographer-Clerk Division of Statistics Mrs. Pauline W. Horton Director Miss Jeannette Gordon Stenographer-Clerk Miss Kate Frisbie Statistical Clerk—U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Veterans' Service Division Jack P. Lang State Service Officer Paul G Noell Assistant State Service Officer Miss Mae Pitzer Stenographer-Clerk Bureau of Labor for the Deaf J. M. Vestal Director Mrs. Sallie H. McPherson Stenographer-Clerk Bureau of Boiler Inspection H. B. Smith State Boiler Inspector Charles B. Douglass Chief Clerk LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Honorable Clyde R. Hoey, Governor of North Carolina, Raleigh, N. C. Members of the General Assembly of the State of North Carolina. Sirs: I respectfully submit herewith biennial report of the Depart-ment of Labor for the period of July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1938. As set out in this report, the activities of the Department for this period were directed by Major A. L. Fletcher, Commissioner of Labor until September 12, 1938, when he resigned to become Assistant Administrator of the Federal Wage and Hour Law. We are exceedingly proud of the progress made by the Depart-ment of Labor under Major Fletcher's leadership and, for a large part in these accomplishments, I also want to give credit to the following loyal and capable heads of the various divisions of the Department of Labor: Lewis P. Sorrell, Director of the Division of Standards and Inspections; Mrs. Pauline W. Horton, Director of the Division of Statistics; Jack P. Lang, State Service Officer; J. M. Vestal, Director of the Bureau of Labor for the Deaf; H. B. Smith, State Boiler Inspector; and to the employees in each of these divisions, who, by their faithful and efficient services, have contributed so much to these attainments. Yours very truly, Forrest H. Shuford, Commissioner of Labor. BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF LABOR Raleigh, N. C. Honorable Clyde R. Hoey, Governor of North Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina. Sir: Section 7310 (c) of the Consolidated Statutes of North Caro-lina provides that the annual report of the Commissioner of Labor "made on or before January first of the years in which the General Assembly shall be in session shall be accompanied by recommendations of the Commissioner of Labor with reference to such changes in the law applying to or affecting labor condi-tions as the Commissioner may deem advisable." The activities of the Department for this biennium are ade-quately covered by the reports submitted to me by the heads of the various Divisions and which comprise the body of this report. Therefore, I shall confine my statements to a brief summary of the work of the Department, together with my recommendations in regard to our needs in order to improve the service of the Department of Labor, and for changes and improvements in the labor laws which seem to me to be essential in order for us to function in the manner prescribed by law in the improvement of working conditions. I sincerely trust that you will be able to pass these recommendations on to the members of the General Assembly with your endorsement. Since I am aware of your earnest desire for the needs of the working people of our State to be efficiently served by just and proper laws, and by the effective administration of these laws, I am confident that my recommendations are in accord with your opinions and desires. Credit for the activities of the Department of Labor for this biennium, as set forth in this report, rightfully belongs to Major A. L. Fletcher, Commissioner of Labor until September 12, 1938, at which time he resigned to become Assistant Administrator of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. The outstanding progress made in labor legislation and in the development of the Depart- 10 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor ment of Labor in its efforts to better serve the working people of our State, and which attained National recognition, was all accomplished under the leadership of Major A. L. Fletcher, Commissioner of Labor for North Carolina for almost six years. But the recommendations for the more efficient functioning of this Department, and for the improvement of our labor laws, are my recommendations. However, I have drawn quite freely from the ideas and experiences of the recent Commissioner, since I was associated with him as Deputy Commissioner and Chief Inspector. IMPROVEMENT IN LABOR LAWS The General Assembly of 1937 enacted a Child Labor Law which reflects credit upon the entire State. This law is not sur-passed by any other child labor legislation in the Nation. An excellent Maximum Hour Law was introduced but unfortunately it was riddled with amendments before it was finally enacted into law. However, it was a start in the right direction and demonstrates the fact that regulation of hours of work of both men and women may be accomplished without working any hardship upon industry. The Boiler Inspection Law was amended by the removal of exemptions. Provision was made for improved inspection of mines and quarries, as well as for the inspection of elevators. For the first time an appropriation was provided for a woman inspector who could devote most of her time to a study of the problems of industries which employ women and children almost exclusively. DIVISION OF STANDARDS AND INSPECTIONS The improvement of working conditions, which is the first and most important duty of the Department of Labor, is the responsibility of the Division of Standards and Inspections of the Department of Labor. I call your attention to its report submitted by Mr. Lewis P. Sorrell, Chief Inspector, which you will find on page 17. This Division has fourteen employees, a Chief Inspector, one secretary, two stenographer-clerks, a Safety and Mining Engi-neer, an Elevator Inspector, a Woman Inspector to work with industries employing women and children almost exclusively, and seven Factory Inspectors. This force must make inspections of all places of employment. At the present time we are actually making inspections of Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 11 approximately 9,000 establishments, although there are more than 30,000 establishments listed by the United States Bureau of Census. This Division must enforce all of the labor laws and prosecute violations of the Child Labor Laws, Maximum Hour Law, and violations of the Safety Code. I have requested two additional inspectors, in order that we may more adequately make inspections of all places of employ-ment as specified by law. I have also requested two additional office employees. I cannot too strongly state our serious need for this additional office personnel . At the present time our inspectors have to spend a part of their field time engaged in tasks that should be done in the office, and which could be performed more efficiently by trained office employees. Our inspectors could increase their efficiency by as much as ten to twenty per cent with the additional office personnel which is requested. For other needs of the Division of Standards and Inspections I respectfully call your attention to the section of this report regarding the work of this Division. DIVISION OF STATISTICS It is the responsibility of the Division of Statistics of the Department of Labor to collect and compile statistical informa-tion relating to labor and laboring conditions in our State. It is also the responsibility of this Division to supervise the issuance of all employment certificates issued to minors working in North Carolina. In regard to these responsibilities, I call your attention to the report of this Division submitted by Mrs. Pauline W. Horton, Director, which you will find on page 40. In this Division there are three employees; the Director, who is also Chief Statistician for the Department, one stenographer-clerk and a statistical clerk assigned to the Division by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, and whose salary is paid by the Federal Government. If you will review the statutory obligations placed on this Division along with the other required duties, you will, no doubt, realize that the personnel is inadequate for this important work. Realizing that the appropriation for statistical work was insufficient to meet our needs, a cooperative agreement was 12 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor arranged with the United States Department of Labor for the collection of employment and payroll information from the State's leading industries, the importance of which is outlined in Mrs. Horton's report. In this cooperative plan the Federal Government agreed to furnish one clerk and franking privileges to assist in the collection of this information. (This amounts to over $3,000 a year). In return, we promised to furnish a clerk to help with this work. We have not been able to do this. We earnestly request an additional appropriation for a statistical clerk in order to retain this Federal assistance in carrying on this important work. VETERANS' SERVICE DIVISION The activities of the Veterans' Service Division, under Mr. Jack P. Lang, State Service Officer, are fully reported on page 79. Particular attention is directed to the fact that more than $121,000 in back compensation was secured for vet-erans during this biennium. In addition to this financial return, many other services were rendered to disabled veterans, which cannot be computed in dollars and cents. Much of the time of the Veterans' Service Officer is spent in securing hospitalization for veterans who are ill, and who, in many cases, would be unable to obtain medical care in any other manner. The State Service Officer is responsible for the supervision of guardian-ships, and the funds disbursed through these guardianships, for incompetent veterans, and for the minors who are the children or heirs of disabled or deceased veterans. At the present time there is a total of 1,529 persons under guardianship, with estates valued at more than $2,500,000. Naturally, this requires much of the time of the Service Officer. After January 1, 1939, it is anticipated that all death claims will be handled in the Regional Offices of the Veterans' Admin-istration. Since there are now between thirty-five and forty World War veterans dying each month in North Carolina, this means that the work of our Veterans' Service Division will be greatly increased with this decentralization of death claims. Therefore, we are asking for one additional office employee so that this work may be handled efficiently. Moreover, the work of this Division will be greatly increased with the establishment of the $1,500,000 Veterans' Hospital, at Fayetteville, which will be opened the latter part of 1939. The patients in a general hospital change quite rapidly, and each new patient brings a Biennial Report of the Department of Labor J 3 different problem. It is highly important that an increase be made in the appropriation for this Division, so that an additional Assistant Service Officer may be employed to handle the in-creased duties which will result from the opening of the hospital. BUREAU OF LABOR FOR THE DEAF The activities of this Bureau are completely covered by ihe report of the Chief of the Bureau, Mr. J. M. Vestal, on page 85. Study of this report will quickly reveal the versatility of the deaf people in various places of employment. It is interesting to note that many of them are employed in the construcnon industry, textile industry, hosiery plants, printing establishments and other industries, which we rarely think of as being suitable types of employment for deaf people. I am confident that the Bureau of Labor for the Deaf, under the direction of Mr. Vestal, has opened up many new avenues of employment for these citizens. The causes of deafness, as outlined in this report, present a very interesting study. It is apparent from this study that we shall continue to have this problem to deal with, and it should be carried on in a very sympathetic, but scientific manlier, as has been the practice during this biennium. NEW LEGISLATION NEEDED Mr. Lewis P. Sorrell, Chief Inspector of the Division of Standards and Inspections, makes certain recommendations as to legislation needed to aid the Division of Standards and Inspec-tion in its work. I invite your attention to these recommenda-tions, as well as to the following proposed laws, which I believe will be essential if our people are to continue living and working in a State where industrial peace is maintained and where the rights of all classes of our citizens are protected. A STATE MINIMUM WAGE AND MAXIMUM HOUR LAW Last summer Congress enacted The Fair Labor Standcircls Act of 1938, which became effective on October 24, 1938. This law provides a maximum work week of 44 hours, and a minimum wage of 25 cents per hour. It applies to all establishments en-gaged in interstate conimerce, or engaged in the production cf goods for interstate commerce. I am of the opinion that Ncrih Carolina should enact a law which will supplement the Federal Act and which will be applicable to all plants in the industries which are covered by the Federal Act. Moreover, a law wru^-b 14 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor closely parallels the Federal Law, and which will apply to all establishments engaged in intrastate business, should be enacted. Although we have a maximum hour law, it is so riddled with exemptions that it creates many unfair competitive conditions which should be eliminated and which would be eliminated if all establishments were subject to the law. I cannot believe that employers will suffer if they are all required to live up to certain standards alike, and many employees would benefit greatly by almost any law fixing a minimum wage and maximum working hours. A WAGE PAYMENT AND WAGE COLLECTION LAW There is need in North Carolina for a wage payment and wage collection law. There are still places in North Carolina where a worker rarely experiences the feel of real money. He gets his pay in goods at the company store, or at some store controlled by company officials, and the prices for those goods are generally well above what he would have to pay in inde-pendent stores. In fairness to the worker, wages should be paid only in cash and he should be free to purchase the necessities of life wheresoever he pleases. In the matter of wage collection, particularly where the amount is small, the worker is at great disadvantage. Lawyers cannot afford to devote their time to these small accounts, but generally every account of this kind is of vast importance to the worker. Here the State should step in and, under authority of the general welfare provision of the State Constitution, set up an agency in the Department of Labor for the protection of such workers. Eighteen progressive States have already enacted laws of this kind and North Carolina should do likewise. A STATE CONCILIATION SERVICE The prevention of industrial disorder and the maintenance of industrial peace is a matter of prime importance to employers, employees and to the general public. For this reason, the services of the factory inspectors of the Department of Labor, as well as the Commissioner, have been proffered in the settlement of many differences between Labor and Industry, when requested. In many cases our efforts have been crowned with success, even though our personnel is not trained in conciliation work, and this is a field of endeavor where specialization is most helpful. Moreover, our force of inspectors is already too small to ade- Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 15 quately carry on our work of law enforcement and inspections for safety and health. They cannot take time out from these regular duties to acquire the necessary training and perform the duties of a conciliator. There is a distinct need for a law providing for a Conciliation Service, and for the small appropriation which is needed to carry on a service of this kind. In my opinion, the dividends from the amount invested in a Conciliation Service would be returned to the people of the State a hundred fold. The settlement of one small strike would pay for a Conciliation Service for an entire year. Many labor disputes are caused by misunderstandings be-tween employers and employees. In such instances a trained Conciliator can quickly bring order out of chaos by getting the warring factions around a conference table where they can get a chance to understand and digest their mutual problems. AN APPRENTICE TRAINING LAW I have given much thought to the establishment of an appren-tice training system in North Carolina. Everybody who has interested himself in boys has been impressed with the gravity of the problem of training them for useful citizenship. Within recent years, apprentice training, except in a few crafts, has been neglected. In the building trades, particularly, few appren-tices have been taken on since 1929 and as a result, there is an actual shortage of skilled workers. Experience has shown that some governmental agency must take the problem in hand and see that contracts of apprenticeship are properly drawn and, after being entered into, are properly carried out. Following the lead of many progressive States, I think that North Carolina should set up an apprentice-training bureau in the Department of Labor, where it rightfully belongs. Yours very truly, Forrest H. Shuford, Commissioner of Labor. REPORT OF EXPENDITURES, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 1936-1937 Appropriation—Chapter 306, P. L. 1935 $42,665.00 Receipts 46.45 $42,711.45 Expenditures 39,946.28 Balance on hand as of June 30, 1937 $ 2,765.18 Purposes Administration $ 7,790.59 Veterans Service Office 8,756.90 Employment Service—Deaf 1,818.10 Statistical Division 1,621.50 Standards & Inspections 18,657.78 Supplies and Printing 1,301.41 39,946.28 Objects Salaries and Wages $28,036.50 Supplies and Materials 464.63 Postage, Telegraph, etc 1,208.20 Field Travel 7,847.12 Printing and Binding 950.52 Repairs and Alterations 97.91 General Expense 499.34 Equipment 842.06 39.946.28 REPORT OF EXPENDITURES, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 1936-1937 Appropriation—Chapter 99, P. L. 1935 $65,523.00 Expenditures 61,497.93 Balance on hand as of June 30. 1938... $ 4,025. C7 Purposes Administration $10,466.34 Veterans Service Office 10,015.11 Employment Service—Deaf 2,200.13 Statistical Division 1,710.80 Standards & Inspections 34,730.12 Supplies and Printing 2,375.43 $61,497.93 Objects Salaries and Wages $42,682.91 Supplies and Materials 548.04 Postage, Telegraph, etc 2,026.74 Field Travel 12,299.34 Printing and Binding 1.888.61 Repairs and Alterations 144.74 General Expense 679.16 Equipment 1.228.39 $61,497.93 DIVISION OF STANDARDS AND INSPECTIONS Lewis P. Sorrell, Chief Inspector The Division of Standards and Inspections is charged by law with the duty of seeing that all laws, rules and regulations con-cerning the safety and well-being of labor are effectively and promptly carried out. The Division is composed of four units: The Bureau of Factory and Mercantile Inspections The Bureau of Boiler Inspections The Bureau of Mine Inspections The Bureau of Elevator Inspections At the beginning of the biennial period July 1, 1936, to June 30 1938, the Division was composed of the first three of the above bureaus. The Governor and Council of State made an appropriation from the Emergency and Contingency Fund for the purpose of establishing a Bureau of Elevator Inspection. This fund was available in July, 1937. This Bureau, though at the present time consisting of only one man, has already proved to be very beneficial to both employers and employees in the State. During the past biennium the Division of Standards and Inspections has experienced a phenomenal growth in the scope of its work. The personnel of this Division was increased from 7 to 14 employees. With the increased personnel this Division is responsible for the enforcement of North Carolina's Labor Laws and Industrial Regulations and is now able to function more efficiently than ever before in the history of the State. All four units of the Division, each in its own field, are working toward the same end, i. e., maintaining the best possible working conditions of safety and sanitation. For example, the Bureau of Factory and Mercantile Inspections is concerned with the maintenance of sanitary working conditions in every place in the State—since insanitary working conditions are health hazards. To the same extent that we are interested in sanitary working conditions, we are interested in safe physical conditions It is as essential for hazardous machines, belts, pulleys, etc., to be guarded as it is for clean toilets or for sanitary drinking water facilities to be maintained. It is as essential for an employer to keep an adequate first aid kit with trained personnel to use such equipment, and to utilize every available means in making em-ployees safety-conscious, as it is to provide guards for hazardous machines. 18 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor In most establishments the primary work of the inspector is to advise and discuss with the management the most practical methods of carrying out the Industrial Code provisions. Many employers do not have to be "sold" on the idea of providing satisfactory working conditions, nor are enforcement measures necessary in order to secure compliance with the provisions of our Code. They are anxious to make improvements which are beneficial. However, there are other employers—a minority group—who resist all efforts of an inspector to secure voluntary compliance with the Labor Laws and the safety and sanitary regulations, and who will violate the law even though inspections are made as frequently as our personnel permits. With this type of employer it is often necessary to resort to the courts to secure compliance with the State Labor Laws, as less drastic measures will not secure the desired results. Four factory inspectors were added to the Bureau of Factory and Mercantile Inspections in July, 1937, one of whom was a woman inspector. This was made possible by an increase in our appropriation made by the Governor and the Council of State from the Emergency and Contingency Fund for the enforcement of the Maximum Hour Law and the Child Labor Law, both of Vs^hich were enacted near the close of the session of the 1937 General Assembly. These additional inspectors enabled us to reduce the size of the inspectional districts and to make more frequent and intensive inspections. The General Assembly of 1937 amended the boiler inspection law, enacted by the 1935 Legislature, to make it applicable to every county in the State instead of the eighty ( 80 ) counties as provided in the first bill. This Bureau is now rendering an inspectional service over the entire State. An appropriation was made by the 1937 General Assembly for a full-time mine inspector and safety engineer. Prior to July, 1937, our safety engineer devoted part of his time to the inspection of mines and quarries. In addition, it was essential that he spend the greater part of his time in the inspection of factory and mercantile establishments. He can now render a better service to both employer and employee by devoting his full time to the promotion of safer working conditions, thereby preventing accident and occupational hazards. The elevator inspection service, begun in July, 1937, is beneficial not only through actual inspectional work, but in the Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 19 approval or disapproval of plans for new installations or repairs to old elevators and in investigations of accidents for the purpose of ascertaining their cause and determining methods of prevent-ing similar accidents in the future. BUREAU OF FACTORY AND MERCANTILE INSPECTIONS The Chief Inspector of the Bureau of Factory and Mercantile Inspection is the Chief Administrative Ofificer of the Division of Standards and Inspections. In addition to the Chief Inspector, the personnel in this Bureau consists of eight factory inspectors, including a woman inspector who devotes her time to making inspections and investigations of establishments employing women and children. This Division also has three office em-ployees and one office employee assigned from the Veterans' Service Division to do secretarial work of the Chief Inspector and to handle all veterans' cases that come into the Raleigh office. TRAINING PERSONNEL The crucial importance of the State Factory inspection ser-vice in securing fair and uniform enforcement of labor laws is increasingly being recognized by labor, employers and the public at large. The factory inspector's job is one demanding a high degree of ability and training because of the number of compli-cated regulations which he is responsible for applying in many different kinds of establishments. Realizing this responsibility, we promote every possible effort to improve our inspection service by giving the inspectors special training courses. In 1936 our inspectors attended a ten-day course for training factory inspectors given by the Federal Department of Labor in cooperation with the School of Hygiene and Public Health of Johns Hopkins University. At various times the Division has had the advantage of expert training given by representatives of the Division of Labor Standards of the United States Department of Labor. We have also had the advantage of training given by expert lighting, elevator and boiler engineers. In addition to this technical training, our inspectors are required to pass an American Red Cross First Aid Instructors' Course. FIRST AID In connection with our safety inspection work, we have been teaching first aid classes throughout the State for more than two 20 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor years and we are finding that the accident rates in plants which have had the advantage of first aid training courses have been materially reduced. The only draw-back to this plan of teaching first aid is the fact that our personnel is so limited that we find it difficult for the instructor to stay in some localities long enough to complete the classes. This applies more specifically to the smaller communities, many of which would like to avail themselves of first-aid training. It is in these communities, also, that the greater need for our safety inspection work lies, since most of the plants are small and cannot afford to employ a full-time person to handle their safety problems. Taken as a whole, these smaller plants employ a great number of workers and they should be given advantage of our training and experience. Dur-ing the past biennium, our eight inspectors have taught a total of twenty-seven classes throughout the State, in which a total of 566 persons completed the courses and were awarded certifi-cates. We are convinced that this work is an important phase of safety inspection work, but unless each inspector has more time and a smaller district it is impossible to spend as much time on first aid instruction as is necessary to carry on this work to the best advantage. We are also convinced that as more people are trained in first aid, this training will have a good effect on high-way and home safety as well as industrial safety. ESTABLISHMENTS INSPECTED REGULARLY At the present time inspections are being made of 8,372 establishments employing approximately 315,000 persons. Many of these establishments are of such type of industry that haz-ardous working conditions exist. Unfortunately, many of these places have frequent accidents, which are never reported, as they are not required by the Workman's Compensation Law to carry insurance due to the small number of employees. There are many more similar plants which should be inspected regu-larly but, due to limited personnel of the Division, we have not been able to inspect them. These places need our inspectional service more than other establishments, since they are not inspected by safety engineers of compensation carriers. During the biennium 13,937 regular inspections, and 1,415 follow-up inspections were made. In order to show the number of persons employed in the business establishments inspected and the proportion of male and female workers in these places of business, the following Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 21 study has been prepared. (See Table I, page 22). This table is accompanied with a bar chart which graphically shows the distribution of gainful workers in our leading manufacturing industries. Since the primary purpose of our inspectional activities is to uncover and correct violations of our State Labor Laws and irregularities of our Industrial Code requirements, it is interest-ing to know that out of 8,372 business establishments regularly inspected, during the biennial period, 3,832, or 46 per cent, were violating either some Labor Law provision or Industrial Code requirement. Table II, page 24, has been prepared to show the types of these violations or irregularities and the number of plants by industries where violations occurred. 22 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE I NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED IN NORTH CAROLINA INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS REGULARLY INSPECTED BY DIVISION OF STANDARDS AND INSPECTIONS Tabulated According to Types of Industry Number of Establish-ments Number of Employees Industry Total Em-ployees White Colored Men Women Men Women Total All Establishments Inspected, . _ 8,372 312,571 155,911 98,669 38,039 19.952 Textile Mills—Total 798 159,011 81,657 71,841 4,864* 649 Cotton yarn and weave mills 412 235 42 S 17 84 100,531 34,414 10,201 2,508 1,457 9,900 60,009 11,289 5,948 1,543 613 2,255 36,790 22,754 4,034 848 340 7,075 3,596 278 137 117 441 295 136 Hosiery and knit goods mills .__ 93 Silk and rayon mills. . . 82 Woolen mills Cordage and bagging _ 63 Textile products 275 Tobacco Factories—Total 248 29 219 34,866 6,661 3,119 10,424 14,662 Cigar and cigarette, snuff, etc.. . 20,901 13,965 5,143 1,518 3,009 110 6,803 3,621 5,946 Tobacco processing. 8 716 Fm-niture and Lumber Products—Total 719 32,171 22,470 S76 S,709 116 Furniture 1S6 30 503 16,523 2,034 13,614 14,848 784 6,838 581 81 214 1.088 1,079 6,542 6 Boxes, crates and barrels. 90 Lumber and timber. ._ 20 Other Manufacturing—Total- 874 25,032 15,157 2,637 6,946 292 Beverages 116 12 24 18 53 122 87 13 36 12 23 38 9 227 1,617 293 538 201 1,359 3,531 S12 487 2,544 1,121 463 193 1,230 364 2,503 7,776 1,289 225 223 164 1,162 650 608 437 1,738 848 396 81 464 262 1,855 4,755 44 45 266 20 103 45 27 14 484 12 35 23 6 15 327 1,171 283 23 46 17 93 2,836 177 36 322 261 32 53 760 87 309 1,611 1 Coffins and caskets. Confeotionaries 3 Ice cream . . Creameries - 1 Fertilizer and cotton nil Flour and grain products Motor vehicle trucks and wagon bodies Paper and paper boxes Tanneries. . Textile machinery parts Waste products. . 36 Bricks and culverts. Farming implements. . Bakeries. . . 12 Other miscellaneous 239 Canneries—Total. 67 974 404 143 145 282 Vegetables, eic. 19 48 443 531 322 82 58 85 55 Sea food 90 074 Laundries and Drv Cleaning 540 8,512 2,461 1,641 1,293 3 117 Department Stores 778 13,256 .3,469 9,371 32S S8 Other Stores—Drug, Grocery, Furn., etc 2,957 19,898 11,634 6,073 2.071 120 Restaurants. 630 9,635 5,551 1,691 2,022 371 Other Miscellaneous. 761 9,216 6,447 1,277 1,237 255 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 23 > < h- z ^d < O Q Z Z< z ^ y u a ? H tr '^ ^g z z (/^ tr u x: q: O 5 * Q D UJ u K a: h- u O O iiss 24 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor eq Oi OS r^ o ^ —• c^ f^ ocr- lO ot^ CO =3 ra CO o -3- t^ t^ ot^ ^ q r-i" ^ ^ c^" ^ ^ ^ H '^ , CD t^ ^ -^ CD :d --0 TtH t. 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This number represents approximately forty-six (46) per cent of the 8,372 establishments regularly inspected by the Division. The viola-tions reported consisted of child labor violations, insanitary toilets, failure to provide separate toilets for sexes and races, hour violations, failure to provide seats for female employees, failure to have the proper first aid equipment for the use of workers, failure to have employees trained to administer first aid, and for not having posted copies of labor laws and schedules of work hours. Establishments not meeting the Industrial Code requirements were most frequently reported for unsafe working conditions. These conditions included slippery floors, unguarded machinery, improper exits, unsafe elevators, etc. Other indus-trial code orders issued included insanitary toilet or drinking water facilities, bad lighting, improper ventilation. The increase in the number of orders issued during the past biennium over the number issued in the period July 1, 1934, to June 30, 1936, is due to the passage of the Child Labor Law which required employment certificates for all minors under 18 years of age instead of 16 as formerly, the passage of the maxi-mum hours law which limits the hours of work of men as well as women, the promulgation of several codes to increase the safety of working conditions and the fact that with additional inspectors we have made more frequent inspections and more detailed inspections. The following tables present a study of the types of violations noted in the past biennial period and of the compliance reported for the same period of time. The orders issued for corrections and the compliance reported are tabulated according to industry classifications. It is especially interesting to note that the majority of orders issued for corrections of child labor and hour violations are found to be in the non-manufacturing groups. 26 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor ORDERS ISSUED DURING THE BIENNIUM—JULY 1, 1936 TO JUNE 30, 1938 Tabi'lation Shows Number and Types of Orders Noted by Industry Violations or Labor Laws and Codes Industry Total Viola-tions Child Labor Hour Time Records Toilet Seat I'irst Aid Codes Cotton mills.. 977 5S7 11 45 238 588 926 59 1,038 2,821 823 138 1,422 13 16 i 5 19 19 1 61 583 32 11 233 89 55 3 6 IS 62 114 1 96 241 45 20 166 55 65 2 19 22 52 2 109 328 106 23 155 221 177 6 14 69 188 200 19 263 933 286 40 413 14 3 78 54 507 Hosiery mills. 217 Woolen mills . 2 Silk mills 3 1 31 13 1 2 15 25 46 2 31 1 38 2 28 19 111 Furniture 272 Crates, barrels, etc. ... 495 Tobacco products 34 477 Mercantile establishments- _ ._ 704 Laundries Bakeries--. ._ , 303 40 Restaurants, workshops, etc 425 Gr\nd Total 9,673 994 916 938 2,829 69 312 3,606 CORRECTIONS REPORTED ISSUED DURING THE BIENNIUM-JULY 1, 1936 to JUNE 30, 1938 Tabulation Shows Number and Types op Corrections Re'-orted by Industry Industry Corrections of Labor Laws AND Codes Total Correc-tions Child Labor Hour Time Records Toilet Seat First Aid Codes 835 407 19 51 197 407 873 65 1,062 2,746 734 lOG 1,127 16 13 1 1 5 16 14 2 57 554 22 9 198 87 35 2 8 14 49 125 1 101 253 54 14 120 46 49 1 3 IS 13 48 1 97 286 99 19 137 203 126 8 17 63 129 179 23 267 920 244 33 290 14 3 .- 31 14 1 48 32 2 13" 15 40 3 33 1 31 2 15 421 149 Woolen mills... 5 19 Cordage and textile products . 84 Furniture _ _ - Crates and barrels, timber products Tobacco products- . .. 185 467 35 Miscellaneous manufacturing Mercantile extablishments ... 506 701 270 Bakeries 29 Restaurants, work shops, etc 366 Grand Tota l _ . - 8,629 908 863 817 2,502 67 235 3,237 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 27 CHILD LABOR Factory inspectors are charged with the enforcement of all child labor laws. They are always on the alert for violations of this law either on the streets, in factories, or in stores and work-shops. Since July, 1937, there has been an increase in the number of child labor certificates issued due to the changes in the child labor law requiring all minors under 18 years of age to be certificated instead of those under 16 years of age as was formerly the case. Though the number of certificates issued to minors since the new Child Labor Law became effective (July, 1937), has increased, inspection reports indicate a gradual decline in the actual number of minors now entering employ-ment in our mills and factories. Remarkable progress has been made toward the discontinu-ance of illegal child labor in street trades. It is admitted that many children are engaged in street trades and some of them are working illegally. However, circulation managers and man-aging editors of newspapers and magazines have extended hearty cooperation to our inspectors in this matter although the Attorney General has ruled that minors engaged in these occu-pations are not employees of the publisher or circulation man-ager, but are "little merchants" and, therefore, the publisher, or his agent, is not responsible for securing employment certifi-cates, etc. We also find that newspapers are gradually raising the minimum age of employment so that many of them will entirely eliminate child labor in the future. COMPLAINTS Complaints alleging violations of statutory laws and codes, such as excessive working hours for males, females and minors, insanitary and insufficient toilet facilities, or seats for female employees, complaints alleging unsafe or unhealthful working conditions, and complaints concerning grievances and industrial disputes are frequently received. All such complaints are inves-tigated as early as possible. Following the investigation, appro-priate action is taken in each case. We are very much gratified by the fact that more and more of these complaints are being signed by the complainant instead of being sent in anonymously. This facilitates the investigation by our inspector, and it indi-cates that employees have greater confidence in the work of the Department of Labor. 28 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor During the past biennium a total of 181 written complaints were received and investigated. In addition to these formal complaints received in the office, each inspector received many oral complaints in the field, all of which were carefully investi-gated even though the inspectors are unable to keep accurate records of all of these complaints. CONFERENCES Inspectors are required to keep in close touch with conditions and problems which may effect the working men and the public at large. Therefore, they spend some time in calling on the various public officials in every county and city. Some of the officials whom they interview are county superintendents of public welfare, mayors, sheriffs, managers of public employment offices, prosecuting attorneys, officials of labor organizations, officers of veterans' organizations, secretaries of Chambers of Commerce, secretaries of Merchants' Associations, and other civic or community leaders interested in the general welfare of the people. Many public officials and civic leaders are vitally interested in the improvement of working conditions in their communities and have information which is of much help to our inspectors. Records of the Division show that our inspectors had a total of 4,786 conferences during the biennial period. STRIKES During the course of the past biennium a total of thirty-five (35) strikes and walk-outs have been brought to the attention of this Department. While we do not as yet maintain a concilia-tion service, we have offered our advice and used our influence to the settlement of fifteen (15) of these strikes as we were requested to do by either employers or employees. PROSECUTIONS It is not the policy of the Division to promiscuously prosecute an employer if he is found to be violating the State Labor Laws, but rather to secure compliance with the requirements through cooperation. However, where violations involve several persons, or extend over a long period of time, the only course is to take legal action as provided by statute. Prosecution is never resorted to unless previous inspections have been made and the employer has been informed of the labor laws by one of our inspectors. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 29 During the past biennium a total of seventy-four ( 74 ) prosecutions have been instituted to secure compUance with laws. Sixteen of the prosecutions were for violations of the child labor law. Thirteen convictions were secured, two cases were nonsuited and the defendant in one case was found "not guilty." In another case the defendant was charged with working both adults and minors in violation of the hour law and was convicted. One establishment was prosecuted for operating boiler without a certificate from the Department of Labor and was given a certain length of time in which to comply with the law. Two prosecutions were for failure to provide suitable and sufficient toilet facilities for employees. The other fifty-four prosecutions were for violations of the maximum hour law for adults. Of the remaining prosecutions, convictions were secured in forty-nine cases, one was nonsuited and four were dismissed. The estab-lishments prosecuted included sixteen manufacturing plants, ten laundries, twenty-four restaurants and refreshment stands, twenty mercantile establishments, one tailoring company, one bakery, one packing company, and one delivery service. BUREAU OF ELEVATOR INSPECTIONS The North Carolina Building Code, which was completed and put into effect the first part of 1937, placed the Chapter regarding the installation and inspection of elevators under the jurisdiction of the Department of Labor. Since the General Statute creating the Department of Labor already provided that this Department should make and enforce regulations to prevent accidents, it seemed mandatory for some immediate steps to be taken to improve conditions with respect to elevators. Since there was no appropriation for this work, the Governor and Council of State appropriated from the Emergency and Contingency Fund an appropriation for the purpose of establish-ing a Bureau of Elevator Inspections. This Bureau began to function in July, 1937, with a full-time elevator inspector who has had many years of training and experience in the manufac-ture, installation and maintenance of elevators. The first duty of this inspector was to draft rules and regula-tions governing the safe operation, maintenance and inspection of elevators, dumbwaiters and escalators. These rules and regu-lations help safeguard the life, limb and general welfare of employees by providing safe methods of operation, installation and maintenance of equipment. 30 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor This code was drawn up after making a very thorough study of laws, rules and regulations of other States and of the Ameri-can Standard Safety Code for Elevators, Dumbwaiters and Escalators. Our elevator inspector makes inspections of elevators throughout the State and makes recommendations for the cor-rection of any unsafe conditions he finds. He trains and instructs our factory inspectors in the elevator problems which confront them and assists them on their inspections, especially when they find sub-standard elevators and other unsafe conditions which require the assistance of a technically trained elevator inspector. He investigates accidents for the purpose of ascertaining their cause and determining methods of preventing similar accidents in the future. Our records reveal that the majority of fatal or lost time accidents are caused by improper hoistway protection, improper operation, and faulty equipment. Such accidents can be pre-vented by proper construction, installation, maintenance, prop-erly designed safety features, and by regular inspections. Some of the existing elevators have been made much safer by showing the owner how existing unsafe conditions can be corrected. We have received splendid cooperation from the building owners, elevator manufacturers, and from local building inspectors. The owner, or his authorized agent, is requested to submit plans or drawings showing the proposed construction, equip-ment, and mode of operation for major improvements and new installations. Therefore, the improper installation and construc-tion of elevators in the future can be prevented. The majority of the inspector's time has been spent in the larger counties where the most elevators are in operation. The following table shows the activities of the Bureau for the period of July, 1937, to July, 1938: County Inspections Recommendations Compliances Alamance 34 23 16 Beafort 18 16 ., 12 Buncombe 6 6 6 Burke 16 11 9 Catawba 16 10 10 Cumberland 22 22 20 Davie 5 5 5 Davidson 31 31 28 31 28 16 16 6 6 34 25 42 37 17 15 1 1 5 5 3 3 13 11 20 17 4 4 22 17 14 10 3 3 38 30 7 6 9 6 10 8 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 31 County Inspections Recommendations Compliances Durham 33 Forsyth 19 Franklin 6 Gaston 35 Guilford 56 Iredell 17 Johnston 1 Mecklenburg 5 McDowell 3 Nash 15 New Hanover 29 Orange 4 Rowan 23 Rockingham 14 Vance 3 Wake 60 Wilson 7 Wayne 11 Wilkes 11 Totals 500 419 354 BUREAU OF MINES AND QUARRIES When thinking of industries in North Carolina, tobacco and textile are foremost, with very few realizing the extensiveness of mining and quarrying in the State. However, official records of mineral production reveals that our State is among the first in the production of mica and feldspar. Records of the Depart-ment show that there were 155 mines and quarries in the State filing usable reports during the year 1937, giving production, employment and accidents. Information compiled from annual reports of the 155 mines and quarries operating in the State in 1937, shows that over four million dollars worth of mineral and stone was mined and quar-ried and the products shipped to all sections of the country. This is an increase of approximately one and one quarter million dollars worth of mineral and stone over the preceding year. The mines and quarries gave employment to 3,932 persons during 1937, and they report that this number is only 81 per cent of the workers employed regularly when operating at capacity production. This also shows that the employment in mines and quarries has increased rapidly, as only 2,275 persons were employed in 90 mines and quarries during the year 1936. 32 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor ANNUAL REPORT OF MINES AND QUARRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA FOR THE YEAR 1936 Kind of Mine or No. Regularly Productions Quarry Employed Total Reporting 90 2,275 $2,834,039.16 Granite 12 432 1,193,665.00 Gold 5 112 66,478.52 Feldspar 18 226 239,352.01 Mica 8 66 105,627.00 Clay 4 146 132,134.25 Crushed Stone 28 754 321,864.45 =•= Miscellaneous 13 507 745,849.68 Dimension Stock 2 32 29,068.25 * Includes granite, gold, coal, copper, talc, mica, stone, pyrophyllite, kyanite, vermiculite, marble, quartz, flint, tin, gold-silver-lead, lime, rubble stone, ashlar-rip-rap. Even though the Department of Labor received annual reports from almost three times as many-mining and quarrying operations for the year 1937 as for the year 1935, this number by no means includes all mines and quarries now in operation in the State. There are many small mines in the mountain section of the State, some of which are in the prospecting stage and others operating on a small scale, which regularly produce many tons of feldspar, mica and other allied minerals. ACCIDENTS IN MINES AND QUARRIES Accident reports received from 90 mines and quarries operat-ing in the State during 1936 show that 130 accidents occurred. Accident reports received from 155 mines and quarries operating in the State during 1937 show that 372 accidents occurred. Although a number of these accidents were of a minor nature, some resulted in permanent injuries, and 6 were fatal. However, the fatal accidents which occurred during the two-year period of 1936 and 1937 show a vast improvement over the year 1935 when 6 were killed, and we only had reports from 60 mines and quarries. FIRST AID AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION TRAINING IN MINES AND QUARRIES The decrease in all accidents at the mines and quarries in the State has in part been due to the safety educational work in accident prevention which this Department has carried on, with the cooperation of the U. S. Bureau of Mines. Throughout the nine principal mining and quarrying counties in the State, 295 employees, representing 40 mines, quarries and mineral plants, have satisfactorily completed a 15-hour training course in first Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 33 ANNUAL REPORT OF MINES AND QUARRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA For the Year 1937 Number of Workers Kind of Mine or Quarry No. Regularly Employed No. Actually Employed Productions 155 4,339 3,932 ? 4 100 772.12 Feldspar Flint Mica. 28 3 25 12 3 3 5 48 3 12 13 231 150 188 650 68 188 187 1,772 121 258 526 228 102 174 485 66 197 171 1,672 113 236 488 286,624.08 1,702.24 213 699.75 317 472.38 Talc . 33,530.00 Clay . Gold. 166,417.11 27 369.81 Crushed Stone 2 210 15S.58 Limestone •Miscellaneous tDimcnsion Stock 74,241.07 514,008.10 255,549.00 'Includes kyanjte, garnet, quarts, copper, tin, pyrophyllite, sand, lime, olivine, stone, tincludcs granite, stone, rock marble. aid application and accident prevention and have received a certificate from the Department of Labor and the U. S. Bureau of Mines. Definite safety programs were begun and are very active since the training was given, with regular safety meetings being held as a means of keeping their employees safety con-scious. This has resulted in a decrease in accidents. As a result of a great many needless accidents occurring in the various mines and quarries in the State in past years, many of our mines and quarries have launched extensive safety cam-paigns. The results of these campaigns have been highly gratifying and have even surprised those employers who have embarked on such a program. Several companies have made imposing records of man-hours worked without a lost time accident and have been awarded safety certificates by various outstanding associations such as the U. S. Bureau of Mines, The Joseph A. Holmes Safety Association, and the National Crushed Stone Association. The results of these safety campaigns have shown that safety education and periodical inspections have produced excellent results. HEALTH AND SAFETY RULES FOR MINES, QUARRIES, SAND AND GRAVEL PITS PREPARED Under sub-section (f ) of Section 7310- (h) of the Consolidated Statutes of North Carolina, the Division of Standards and Inspections of the Department of Labor is authorized and directed to "conduct such research and carry out such studies as will contribute to the health, safety and general well-being 34 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor of the working classes of the State." Acting under authority of this statute, considerable time was spent by the mine and quarry inspector during the past two years in studying health and safety regulations for mines, quarries, sand and gravel pits of the various States, and in formulating a code suitable for application to the various types of mines, quarries, sand and gravel pit operations in this State. Copies of this proposed code were dis-tributed to owners, agents and operators of mines, quarries, sand and gravel pits throughout the State the first part of 1938, asking for their comments, criticisms and suggestions. This code is now being put in final form for the approval of the Commissioner of Labor and the Governor of the State. BUREAU OF BOILER INSPECTION The North Carolina Boiler Law requires all uninsured boilers to be inspected by a State Boiler Inspector. All insured boilers are regularly inspected by insurance inspectors, with State Certificates of Competency, and are not required to have a State inspection. The Department of Labor is authorized by law to accept the insurance inspector's report in lieu of a State inspection. This law, as originally passed by the 1935 General Assembly, required a fee for the inspection of boilers by the State Boiler Inspector. It also required a $1.00 Operating Certificate fee for all boilers. The 1937 General Assembly repealed the fee for Operating Certificates and increased the inspection fee on State inspected boilers. The result has been less remuneration for the Bureau of Boiler Inspection, as this Bureau issues Operating Certificates on all boilers that are inspected without cost or fee. The cost of printing these Certificates and the postage used in mailing the Certificates, and for incidental correspondence, has to be raised from State inspection fees. It is illegal to operate any steam boiler which has a pressure of more than fifteen pounds in North Carolina without a valid Operating Certificate, signed by the Commissioner of Labor and the Chief Boiler Inspector. These Certificates are issued after a boiler has been inspected and any necessary repairs, required by law to insure reasonable safety, have been made. The North Carolina Boiler Law was enacted to provide for the safety of life and the protection of property, and to provide rules and regulations for the safe construction, use and operation of steam boilers in North Carolina. This law is strictly a safety Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 35 measure and it keeps the loss of life and property damage, from boiler explosions, to a minimum. It has helped boiler owners financially as they are shown how to take better care of steam boilers, which greatly increases the years of service of these boilers. Our State Boiler Inspector and the Insurance Boiler Inspectors have instructed many boiler owners in the safe care and operation of steam boilers which in numerous cases has prevented explosions. The State Boiler Inspector finds that boilers which have never been inspected are the most unsafe and uncared for boilers in the State. Insured boilers are regularly inspected and are usually kept in good condition. Many uninsured boilers are not in a safe condition because the shortage of personnel and funds prohibit the Bureau of Boiler Inspection from giving all of them the attention they should receive. The State Boiler Inspector has condemned approximately 500 boilers during this biennium. These boilers were ordered discontinued from service. Our State Boiler Inspector has found many boilers operating without steam gauges, safety valves, gauge cocks, blow-off valves, injectors and water glasses. A number of boilers were found improperly repaired. In cases of this kind the pressure has to be greatly reduced until such time as the boiler is properly repaired. We find the worst offenders of the law to be persons who have installed old boilers that someone else has discarded, or persons who have boilers which are unsafe for operation and which require extensive repairs or condemnation. During this biennium there have been eight boiler explosions. These explosions killed 13 persons and seriously injured 15 others. The owners of these boilers suffered considerable prop-erty damage. Investigations following these explosions disclose the fact that most of them were caused by longitudinal cracks: however, some of them were caused by over pressure, improperly installed patches or else they were so old and worn out that they would not be permitted to operate had they been inspected. In no case has there been an explosion of a boiler that had been inspected. Considering the shortage of funds and personnel this Bureau has operated successfully beyond our expectations. Owners and operators of boilers throughout the State have been most cooper-ative in complying with the provisions of the Boiler Law and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Board of Boiler 36 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor Rules. In cases where the State Boiler Inspector and the Insur-ance Boiler Inspectors found it necessary to recommend changes and repairs, the boiler owners have readily made the changes and repairs in order that their boilers would be safe for operation. Following is a report of the activities of this Bureau for this biennial period : Fees : Special Inspections $20.00 per day Special Inspections 15.00 one-half day External Inspections (Boilers 30 inches in diame-ter and under) 3.00 each External Inspections (Boilers over 30 inches in diameter) 4.00 each Internal Inspections (Boilers 30 inches in diame-ter and under) 4.00 each Internal Inspections (Boilers over 30 inches in diameter) 6.00 each Certificates of Competency 1.00 each Certificates of Operation (Repealed by 1937 Gen-eral Assembly) 1.00 each Number of Boilers in North Carolina: Insured Boilers 3,000 Uninsured Boilers (Estimated) 2,000 Amount Revenue Collected Number Collected Special Inspections 46 $1,457.60 External Inspections 1005 3,266.85 Internal Inspections 640 3,489.10 Certificates 1625 1,625.00 Certificates issued without cost of fee 4000 Total Amount Collected $9,838.55 Expense: 101. Attending Board Meetings $ 56.00 102. Salary Chief Inspector 3,754.48 Salary Deputy Inspector 973.50 103. Salary Accounting Clerk 2,376.00 104. Office Supplies 43.82 105. Postage 225.83 106. Telephone and Telegrams 163.22 107. Travel 3,102.60 108. Printing 135.99 110. General Expense 9.59 111. Bonding Employees 53.00 112. Office Equipment 4.42 Total Expense $10,894.33 Transferred to 1936-37 $ 57.97 Appropriated 1,000.00 Collections 9,838.55 Total Income $10,896.52 Less: Total Expense 10,894.33 Amount Revei'ted $ 2.19 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 37 RECOMMENDATIONS Personnel (1) The Division of Standards and Inspections is inade-quately staffed. At least two inspectors should be added to the Bureau of Factory and Mercantile Inspections. During this biennium our inspectors were only able to make regular inspec-tions of 8,372 of the more than 30,000 establishments listed by the U. S. Census Bureau as existing in this State. Our inspectors have received training as first aid instructors and are required to conduct first aid classes. They have also received more tech-nical training in factory inspection work and are making more detailed safety inspections. Labor and Industry are requesting more aid and assistance in helping to settle their controversies and difficulties in order to prevent strikes and lockouts, and our inspectors also render assistance to the conciliators of the Federal Department of Labor who may be called into the State for the purpose of settling strikes. (2) We are aware of the fact that strife between employers and employees is very detrimental to business, and oftentimes leaves wounds on both sides that are very slow in healing. Therefore, we recommend that an appropriation be made for a trained conciliator to assist in the mediation and arbitration of strikes, lockouts and labor disputes so that industrial peace and happiness between employers and employees may be main-tained. (3) Since we have a full-time elevator inspector and a full-time mine inspector, their field work greatly increases the work of our office employees; also in view of the more detailed inspec-tions now being made by our factory inspectors, additional correspondence is required. It is, therefore, imperative that we have two additional office employees. The stenographic and clerical work of the Bureau of Mines and Quarries and of the Bureau of Elevator Inspections is now being done by the same employees who do the work for the factory inspection division, whereas each of these two bureaus should have a full-time stenographer and clerk. The work of the mine inspector and the elevator inspector would be greatly facilitated if they had more assistance with their office work as follow-up work can be simplified to a great extent by correspondence. It would also enable them to keep accurate accident records for the purpose 38 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor of working out methods of eliminating hazardous conditions. In this way these two technically trained inspectors could spend more time in the field in actual inspectional work and in promot-ing safety programs and accident prevention instead of having to do a large part of their own correspondence, record keeping and other office duties. BUREAU OF BOILER INSPECTIONS (4) It is recommended that this bureau be placed on an appropriation basis. It has been unable to adequately finance itself under the present set-up. There are approximately 2,000 uninsured boilers in North Carolina and it is absolutely impossible for one person to inspect more than 500 boilers per year. It is recommended that this bureau be provided with at least two additional boiler inspectors in order that the law may be properly enforced. The Bureau only has one office employee. This employee handles correspondence form letters, issues certificates, keeps account of fees collected and keeps the budget for the Bureau. Since the work has increased to the extent that it is impossible for him to handle all of this work, it is essential for this Bureau to have one additional office employee. It is further recommended that the $1.00 fee for certificates of operation be reinstated as this Bureau issues approximately 3,000 certificates annually on insured boilers. This work increases the office work and expense tremendously. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NEW LEGISLATION 1. Legislation should be enacted regulating intrastate busi-ness to correspond with the Federal Wage and Hour Law. 2. There is a need in North Carolina for a Wage Payment and Wage Collection Law. 3. We should have a Conciliation Service to assist in settling strikes, lock-outs, and controversies between employers and employees. 4. Legislation should be enacted providing for an apprentice training program. 5. Legislation should be enacted to prohibit the employment of women after midnight in any occupation. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 39 6. Our present boiler law should be amended to provide an appropriation for the Boiler Bureau in the Division of Standards and Inspections. 7. Section 6907 of the Consolidated Statutes of North Caro-lina should be amended to provide for reports concerning the quantity of mine and quarry products to be filed with the North Carolina Department of Labor for a fiscal year ending on the thirtieth day of June. 8. Section 6910 of the ConsoHdated Statutes of North Caro-lina should be amended to include inspections of quarries as well as mines. 9. That all accidents serious enough to be classified as "lost-time accidents" shall be reported to the Commissioner of Labor immediately after occurrence. DIVISION OF STATISTICS Pauline W. Horton, Director In accordance with Section 7310 (i) of the Consolidated Statutes of North Carolina, the Division of Statistics of the Department of Labor is charged with the responsibility of col-lecting, assorting, systematizing and printing all statistical details relating to all divisions of labor in North Carolina and particularly concerning the following: The number of persons employed and sex thereof; the hours of labor and the average wages earned; and the general working conditions in the pro-ductive industries of the State. In addition to these specific duties, which are designated by statute, the Division of Statistics has supervision of the issuance of employment certificates to all minors working in North Carolina industry and the special studies conducted by the Department relating to the employment of these child workers. This Division also collects regularly data concerning building construction work from all cities within the State having a population of 2,500 and over. During the past biennial period the inspection reports of the Department furnish the only available source of information concerning the number of persons gainfully employed in the State. This information is limited due to the fact that it was impossible to inspect all business concerns in the State. However, all manufacturing establishments were inspected and studies have been prepared from these reports showing the number, sex and race of persons employed in the manufacturing concerns and in the non-manufacturing and retail establishments which were inspected by the Department. Tabulations have also been pre-pared showing the extent and nature of Labor Law violations and Industrial Code irregularities uncovered by inspectional work in industrial establishments. For this information refer to Tables I and II presented on pages 22 and 24. SCOPE OF STATISTICAL WORK EXTENDED DURING BIENNIAL PERIOD Employment and Pay Roll Figures Now Collected In order to secure more specific information of labor condi-tions prevailing in our State, the Division of Statistics, following the precedent of many other progressive States, instituted a Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 41 program beginning June, 1937, of collecting monthly figures of employment and pay rolls. Previous to that time the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics was receiving from North Carolina industries reports showing the volume of employment and pay rolls. In a cooperative plan with this Federal Bureau, arrange-ments were made whereas all such information would be col-lected by our Department and the monthly tabulations of these data would be furnished to the U. S. Department of Labor. In return for this service the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics fur-nishes the Department with a full-time clerk and franking privilege used in connection with collecting the monthly figures. The employers of our State are sympathetic and interested in this project and we are receiving splendid cooperation from them. At the present time these monthly reports published by the Department of Labor showing the fluctuations in employ-ment and pay rolls are the only official figures currently available covering any considerable portion of the wage earners in the State. These figures are generally used for extending total employment and weekly pay rolls in the various fields of em-ployment surveyed. The industries and business groups included in the monthly surveys employ nearly 50 per cent of the total wage earners in the State and the scope of the monthly surveys, in most instances, is sufficiently comprehensive to be indicative of the changes occurring within each industrial group. The published reports on employment and pay rolls not only inform the general public of the changes in the employment situation but are also extensively used by various governmental and non-governmental agencies. Request from businessmen, trade and industrial organizations, and newspapers constitute a large portion of the inquiries which are received for these figures. MONTHLY BULLETIN ISSUED Each month the Division of Statistics issues the monthly bulletin, "Labor and Industry." In this monthly publication the activities are reported of the different divisions of the Depart-ment of Labor. Included are news items from the N. C. Unem-ployment Compensation Commission of which the Commissioner of Labor is an ex-officio member. Through these reports and news items the readers are informed of current items of interest concerning employment and unemployment conditions in the State. 42 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor Tabulations are included in each monthly issue showing the trend of employment, hours of work, and wages paid in North Carolina industry. Monthly reports of building construction work throughout the State are included. News items showing mill improvements and changes are included and each issue lists establishments that are maintaining the Grade "A" rating given by the Department. Safety programs are outlined to promote safety in our industries. Reports of the activities of our Veterans' Service Division are also given summarizing the services ren-dered to War Veterans. The purpose of "Labor and Industry" is to familiarize em-ployers and employees of the State with the activities of the different divisions of the Department of Labor, and to let them know that the Department as a whole is anxious to work with them. Our Department is one of Service and we are anxious to let the citizens of the State know our aim is to serve progres-sively and effectively. Approximately 3,000 copies of "Labor and Industry" are issued each month. While our mailing list consists chiefly of persons within the State, we also send a number of copies to interested persons in practically every State in the Union and in several foreign countries. STATISTICAL NEEDS In the first paragraph of this report, the statutory obligations of the Division of Statistics were listed. With the very limited personnel and appropriation designated for this work, it has been impossible to collect and compile information concerning labor and laboring conditions in the State that should be available. However, during the past biennial period we have made out-standing progress in the Division of Statistics by instituting the collection of employment and payroll information and having this reliable data available in our Department. It not only advertises our State, but definitely informs as to the true work-ing trends in our industries. While we are now receiving monthly reports from a large number of employers, it is our plan to increase the scope of this work by securing reports from indus-tries not included in our present monthly surveys, and to also increase the number of firms in each industrial group now studied. This will make our monthly figures more reliable and representative. In order to accomplish this we will have to have an additional clerk assigned to the Division. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 43 The Department of Labor should also have funds allocated to the Statistical Division for making special studies concerning certain working conditions in the State. These studies should be made through the Department. If we do not make such studies concerning industrial home-work, hours of work and wages of women and children, occupational studies, etc., outside organizations will come into the State to make the studies, and their surveys, according to past experience, may be biased and not present true conditions. If the studies are made by this Department they will be unbiased and will represent facts. Such facts are used to determine the necessity of changes in legislation or in the formulating of progressive legislation. The Department of Labor should have facts available to substantiate matters of such vital importance. In connection with this work, I wish to call attention to the need in the Division of Statistics for adequate equipment and machines necessary for compiling the required data. At the present time we are using a Burrough's bookkeeping machine which was discarded by the Auditor's office after being used by them for over 15 years. We could accomplish a good deal more in this Division if we had the advantage of modern equip-ment, SPECIAL STUDIES AND REPORTS During the biennial period July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1938. the following studies and reports have been made by the Division of Statistics: Child Labor in North Carolina—The New Child Labor Law Minors Employed as Shown by Employment Certificates Issued During Biennial Period. Building Construction Work in Principal Cities of North Carolina.—1936 and 1937. Employment, Hours of Work and Average Wages Earned in Principal Manufacturing Industries—July 1937 to June 1938. Women's Wages in North Carolina, March 1938. The above studies will be presented in the following chapters in the order in which they are listed. CHILD LABOR IN NORTH CAROLINA THE NEW CHILD LABOR LAW The biennial period July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1938, marked a significant advance in child labor standards in North Carolina. On July 1, 1937, the best Child Labor Law in the United States went into effect in our State. It was the "McKee Child Labor Bill," introduced and piloted through the General Assem-bly of 1937 by Mrs. E. L. McKee, Senator from the 32nd Sena-torial District. The outstanding feature of the new bill is that it prohibits the employment of children under 16 years of age in all manufacturing establishments and all hazardous occupa-tions and requires the certification of all minors up to 18 years of age before employment. The old law permitted children of 14 to work in factories and required certification up to age 16. Only minors employed in agricultural and domestic jobs are exempt from the requirements of the new law. The new law specifically designates as hazardous more than 50 occupations and forbids the employment of children under 16 in them. Minors under 18 may not be employed where there is danger of silicosis or asbestosis, or in handling lead compounds or in spray painting. The Commissioner of Labor, after investi-gation and hearing, is authorized to designate other occupations as hazardous and to prohibit the employment of minors under 18 in such occupations. Minors under 18 may not be employed or permitted to work in any establishment where alcoholic liquors are bottled, sold or dispensed, or in any billiard or pool room. Girls under 18 may not be employed as messenger or at any form of street trade. For children under 16 and over 14, the law provides for employment during school vacations not in excess of 8 hours per day, or 40 hours per week, or 6 days per week and for part-time employment while school is in session, the hours of work and hours of school not to exceed 8 in any one day. The employment of children under 14 is prohibited for all gainful occupations, with the single exception of newspaper and magazine sales, which boys over 12 may engage in, under regu-lations to be prescribed by the Commissioner of Labor, but not for more than 10 hours in any one week. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 45 The new law provides that minors under 16 may not be employed before 7 o'clock in the morning, nor after 6 o'clock in the evening. There are certain exceptions to permit news-paper boys to deliver papers on fixed routes, beginning at 5 A. M., and to work 7 days per week, but not in excess of 24 hours per week. Messenger boys may deliver telegrams 7 days per week but not for more than 2 hours on Sundays and not in excess of the hours allowed per week. For minors over 16 and under 18, the law provides for em-ployment of not more than 9 hours per day, and not more than 48 hours in any one week or 6 days in any one week. Boys between the ages of 16 and 18 may work between 6 o'clock in the morning and 12 o'clock midnight, but girls between these ages may not be worked before 6 A. M. or after 9 P. M. Since the new law requires certification for employment for all minors up to 18 years of age, instead of up to 16 as under the old law, the Department of Labor was called on to supervise the issuance of 21,725 employment certificates for minors during the first year after the new law became effective. This certifica-tion work was done through the County Superintendents of Welfare who, under the law, are the authorized agents of the Department of Labor for issuance of employment certificates. The certification of minors is of vital importance in the enforcement of our Child Labor Law provisions and it is not done in haphazard, perfunctory fashion. Every child is given careful personal attention. There must be an employer's promise of employment, a proper certificate as to age and school record and a physical examination report from a reputable physician showing that the minor is physically fit for the employment he is seeking. Complete records of every minor working is required by law to be on file in the office of the Commissioner of Labor, in the office of the Superintendent of Welfare, and in the office of the employer. MINORS EMPLOYED AS SHOWN BY EMPLOYMENT CERTIFI-CATES ISSUED DURING BIENNIAL PERIOD During the first year of the biennial period July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1938, there were only 1,503 employment certificates issued in North Carolina. These certificates were issued under the provisions of our old Child Labor Law which required the 46 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor certification of minors up to 16 years of age who were gainfully employed. With records showing this small number of certifi-cates issued, it is most evident that all minors employed at that time were not properly certified. However, with the beginning of the last year of the biennium when our new law became effective, the employers within the State immediately fell in line with the law requirements and in one year's time, a total of 21,725 employment certificates were issued to minors under 18 years of age working in the State. A total of 17,667 of these minors were 16 and 17 years of age. Of these 16 and 17 year old children, 14,194 were engaged in full-time jobs and 3,473 in part-time and vacation employment. NUMBER CERTIFICATES ISSUED In order to show the extent of employment certificates issued during the one-year period, Table I, which is presented below, has been prepared to show the total number of employment certificates issued. The tabulations are according to color, sex and age. In reviewing these totals it should be kept in mind that all certificates issued to minors under 16 years of age are for part-time and vacation employment as the Child Labor Law does not permit full-time work for minors under 16 years of age. It should also be kept in mind that the large number of certifi-cates issued does not represent the actual number of children, entering employment during the one-year period, but represents the number at work when the law became effective and the number entering employment since that time. The primary purpose of this tabulation is to show the extent of certification necessary in the promulgation of the new Child Labor Law. It has been estimated that nearly 10,000 minors under 18 years of age enter employment each year in North Carolina and in the future this number will approximate the number of certificates to be issued. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 47 TABLE 1 NUMBER OF MINORS INDER IS YEARS OF AGE SECURING EMPLOYMENT CERTIFICATES IN NORTH CAROLINA DURING FIRST YEAR AFTER NEW CHILD LABOR LAW BECAME EFFECTIVE JlL • 1, 1937 TO Jink 30. 103S Sex & Color 12 Years 13 Years 14 Years 15 Years 16 Years 17 Years Total Bovs \\hite __ Colored 233 10 314 16 1,505 161 1,387 116 5,244 181 4,129 139 12,812 623 TotaL_. 243 330 1,666 1.503 5,425 4,268 13,435 Girls White 43 270 3 3,841 49 4,042 42 8,198 Colored 94 Total.... 43 273 3,890 4,084 8,290 Total White Colored 233 10 314 16 1,548 161 1,657 119 9.085 230 8,171 181 21,008 717 Grand Total 243 330 1,709 1,776 9.315 8,352 21,725 NUMBER OF CERTIFICATES ISSUED IN EACH COUNTY Table II of this study has been prepared to show the number of certificates issued in each county of the State during the year July 1, 1937, to June 30, 1938. This table is especially interesting as it not only shows that the majority of our child workers are in the industrial counties, but it also shows that in these counties the Superintendents of Public Welfare, who are the authorized certificating officials, have had the responsibility of issuing the reported number of employment certificates. The reported number of certificates include first certificates only. Re-issued certificates necessary in case of change of employment are not included. 48 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE II EMPLOYMENT CERTIFICATES ISSUED TO MINORS WORKING IX NORTH CAROLINA Tabulated by Counties July 1, 1937—June 30, 1938 COUNTY For Full-Time or Regular Employment For Vacation or Part-Time Employment Total Certificates Issued 16 & 17 Year old minors 16 & 17 Year old minors Minors under 16 years of age Alamance 656 56 84 7 34 29 774 92 Alleghany 65 14 1 20 99 1 1 38 3 16 1 425 269 871 166 1 54 8 6 1 195 44 101 74 2 Beaufort . 21 10 7 113 Bertie 21 Bladen 29 2 175 65 234 63 795 Burke.. 378 1206 Caldwell 303 Camden... ... . .. 30 5 544 64 1 28 10 17 1 38 4 12 12 57 6 47 3 6 17 629 71 Cherokee.. 19 Chowan 57 Clay 360 20 36 210 97 11 87 89 29 26 36 62 486 Columbus . 57 Craven. ... 159 361 Currituck-. _ . . 1 361 39 20 409 98 768 33 1242 5 1 Davidson . . 54 15 5 140 40 156 1 128 96 5 4 259 40 208 8 68 511 Davie 59 29 808 178 Forsyth 1132 42 1438 Gates. - 5 50 1 1335 303 58 18 64 17 11 .- 4 231 3 110 9 27 189 146 184 6 22 78 1 Guilford 291 8 38 32 23 2 12 476 60 14 18 10 13 17 12 46 S 13 2 22 89 11 26 3 2102 Hahfax. 371 110 68 Henderson 97 Hertford Hoke 32 40 Hyde ... 16 Iredell 85 1 10 362 9 Johnston 133 11 Lee Lenoir Lincoln McDowell 23 39 23 12 72 317 180 222 3 5 22 594 38 51 43 4 16 202 9 Martin Mecklenburg Mitchell 14 255 7 16 16 52 1051 45 Montgomery Moore 11 12 78 71 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 49 TABLE II—CONTIMED COUNTY For Full-Time or Regular Employment For Vacation or Part-Time Employment Total Certificates Issued 16 & 17 Year old minors 16 & 17 Year old minors Minors under 16 years of age Nash.. 101 259 4 26 68 7 1 4 1 9 29 175 22 1 5 2 52 2 13 8 58 1 59 51 66 64 77 32 21 17 48 1 25 1 4 4 21 38 314 8 10 13 48 27 77 5 156 502 33 2 27 1 113 1 12 138 60 4 394 260 182 433 457 235 42 52 220 36 Pamlico .._ 4 174 3 Perquimans Person Pitt. 1 1 63 1 9 99 33 53 52 42 15 29 103 26 147 181 Polk . 6 Randolph.. 462 410 281 Rockingham . . . 550 Rowan 586 309 78 Scotland.. . . 98 371 1 Surry 97 30 6 4 3 26 51 47 15 7 5 125 21 78 152 7 10 2 62 165 202 23 14 16 75 74 103 2 18 9 109 254 Wake 563 46 Washington. 31 Watauga 34 248 Wilkes 122 Wilson.. - _ -- 258 7 1 1 Total Certificates Issued. 14,194 3,473 4,058 21,725 ESTABLISHING CORRECT AGE OF MINORS Before a minor is issued an employment certificate, it is necessary that the correct birth date of the child be established. This is the most important means of preventing minors from entering employment before they have reached the legal work-ing age. In establishing a minor's correct birth date, the following proofs of age are acceptable in North Carolina, and are required in the order of preference herein designated, as follows: Birth certificate or statement of Bureau of Vital Statistics (N. C. State Board of Health), Bible Record, Baptismal Record, Passport, Life Insurance Policy and or, in case none of the above proofs are obtainable, and only in such case, the issuing officer may accept a signed statement from the physician authorized to make physical examination stating it his opinion that the minor has attained the age required by law for the occupation in which he 50 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor expects to engage. Such statement must be accompanied by an affidavit signed by the minor's parent or guardian certifying the birth date of minor. The evidence of age accepted is of vital importance in Child Labor Law enforcement, for unless the correct age is established children under the legal working age will undoubtedly be per-mitted to go to work. Therefore, the purpose of securing docu-mentary proof of a minor's correct age is for the protection of the employer from unwitting violations as well as a protection to the minor by not allowing him to enter gainful employment until he has reached the legal age. Table III presented below shows the number and percentage of minors certified during the last year of the biennial period, tabulated according to the types of evidence of age used in establishing their correct birth dates. TABLE III EVIDENCE OF AGE USED IN ESTABLISHING MINORS' CORRECT AGE Minors Certified From July 1, 1937, to June 30, 1938 Number of Type of Evidence Minors Percentage Total 21,725 100.00 Birth Certificate 5,085 23.4 Baptismal Records 283 1.3 Bible Record 6,585 30.3 Insurance Policy 8,162 37.3 Physician's Certificate 251 1.2 Parent's Affidavit* 1,240 5.7 Passport 5 Other Documentary Evidence 113 .5 * Accepted only with physician's statement. EDUCATION OF MINORS ENTERING EMPLOYMENT Some of the most important information revealed by the employment certificate records is the education attained in school by these young workers. Tables IVA and IVB present an educational study of the grade completed in school by minors entering part-time or vacation employment and minors entering full-time employment. The study shows the average grade completed in school for each age group of both boys and girls. It is especially interesting to note that in the 16 and 17 year old groups, minors engaged in Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 51 part-time or vacation work have attained a higher average grade in school than the minors of the same age groups who are certified for full-time jobs. This is definitely attributed to the fact that our compulsory school law only required minors to attend school until they are 14 years of age. Our Child Labor Law prohibits full-time employment for minors until they are 16 years of age. This leaves a gap of two years in which time minors 14 and 15 are not required to attend school and are not permitted to enter full-time employment. The study made of the educational attainments of minors entering employment clearly reveals that the majority of minors 16 and 17 who are entering full-time jobs have not attended school since they passed the compulsory school age limit. TABLE IV-A EDUCATIONAL STUDY OF GRADE COMPLETED I\ SCHOOL BY MINORS ENTERING PART-TIME OR VACATION EMPLOYMENT IN NORTH CAROLINA Study made from Employment Certificates Issued July 1, 1937 to June 30, 1938 LAST GRADE COMPLETED IN SCHOOL Grade BOYS GIRLS Both Sexes Completed 12 13 14 15 16 17 Total 14 15 16 17 Total Total 4th or under 5 6 8 9 10 48 59 102 31 3 40 47 68 114 59 2 121 152 250 363 530 231 17 2 73 88 144 243 324 453 160 17 1 16 29 57 125 204 308 426 109 5 15 9 12 41 55 124 212 174 22 313 384 633 917 1,175 1,118 815 302 28 1 1 25 9 4 15 40 115 84 14 3 1 30 68 185 497 125 4 1 2 6 14 30 70 206 267 14 5 5 17 66 163 379 787 406 18 318 389 650 983 1,338 1,497 1 602 11 70S 12 46 Total 243 330 1,666 1,503 1,279 664 5,685 43 273 920 610 1,846 7,531 Average Grade Completed 5.5 6.3 7.1 7.8 8.9 9.5 7.9 7.9 9.1 9.6 10.1 9.7 52 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor TABLE IV-B EDUCATIONAL STUDY OF GRADE COMPLETED IN SCHOOL BY MINORS ENTERING FULL-TIME EMPLOYMENT IN NORTH CAROLINA Study made from Employment Certificates Issued July 1, 1937 to June 30, 193S LAST GRADE COMPLETED IN SCHOOL Grade BOYS GIRLS Both Sexes Completed 16 17 Total 16 17 Total Total 4th or under 337 307 644 133 108 241 885 5 454 319 773 205 185 390 1,163 6 679 486 1,165 329 310 639 1,804 7 953 743 1,696 538 468 1,006 2,702 8 581 453 1,034 364 373 737 1,771 9 480 336 S16 395 385 780 1,596 10 385 304 689 552 381 933 1,622 11 272 623 895 446 1,205 1,651 2,546 12 5 33 38 8 59 67 105 Total 4,146 3,604 7,750 2,970 3,474 6.444 14,194 Average Grade 7.3 7.7 7.5 S.2 8.8 8.5 Completed OCCUPATIONAL STUDY OF MINORS WORKING IN COTTON AND HOSIERY MILLS Of the 14,194 minors 16 and 17 years of age certified for the full-time employment during the first year after our new Child Labor Law became effective, a total of 6,303, or 44.4 per cent, were certified for employment in cotton mills and 1,484, or 10.5 per cent, in hosiery mills. Since these two industries employ the larger groups of our child workers in the manufacturing trades. Tables VA and VB have been prepared to show the nature of occupations in which a representative group of these minors are actually employed in the two industries. The tabulations show the number and percentage of minors engaged in the different occupations. It is particularly interest-ing to note that in the cotton mills only 3.5 per cent of the minors were engaged as learners. In the hosiery mills only one-half of one per cent were engaged as learners. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 53 TABLE V-A OCCUPATIONAL STUDY OF 5309 CHILDREN 16 AND 17 YEARS OF AGE CERTIFIED TO WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA COTTON MILLS Occupation Certified Total All Children Boys Girls For Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 271 120 42 2S4 435 21 143 S7 186 728 279 539 55 19 282 370 28 49 1,371 5.11 2.26 .79 5.35 8.19 .40 2.69 1.64 3.50 13.71 5.26 10.15 1.03 .36 5.31 6.97 .53 .92 25.83 125 119 42 248 432 21 143 20 104 83 17 .5.S9 55 16 220 22 15 37 926 3.92 3.74 1.32 7.79 13.57 .66 4.49 .63 3.27 2.61 .53 16.93 1.73 .50 6.91 .69 .47 1.16 29.08 146 1 6.87 .05 36 3 1.69 Doffcrs - . .14 Dye Hand 67 82 645 262 3.15 3.86 30.35 12.33 3 62 348 13 12 445 .14 Weavers 2.92 16.38 QuiDinfc. .61 .57 20.94 Totals ... 5,309 100.00 3,184 100.00 2,125 100.00 OCCUP.ATIONAL STUDY OF 1096 CHILDREN 16 ANF 17 YEARS OF AGE CERTIFIED TO WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA HOSIERY MILLS Occupation Certified Total All Children Boys Girls For Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Boarder 62 126 33 30 11 58 166 7 6 156 35 58 7 97 33 11 10 190 5.66 11.50 3.01 2.74 1.00 5.29 15.15 .64 .55 14.23 3.19 5.29 .64 8.85 3.01 1.00 .91 17.34 47 48 2 2 11 1 94 14.24 14.55 .61 .61 3.33 .30 28.48 15 78 31 2S 1.96 10.18 4.05 Folder 3.66 Helper Inspector 57 72 7 3 1.54 35 58 5 78 28 8 10 99 7.44 9.40 .91 3 2 .91 .61 .39 20.11 4.57 7.57 2 19 5 3 .61 5.75 1.51 .91 .65 10.18 Winder Twister . . 3.66 1.04 1.31 Other Occupations- 91 27.58 12.92 Totals 1,096 100.00 330 100.00 766 100.0 54 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN CERTIFIED FOR EMPLOYMENT Tables VI through XII, presented on pages 56 to 68, have been prepared to show the number of minors certified during the biennial period, July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1938. Tabulations are according to industry in which employed, and the color, sex and ages of the minors. The separate tables show the number of minors engaged for part-time or vacation employment and the number engaged for full-time jobs. These tables are accompanied by a bar chart which shows the industrial distribution of minors at work in full-time employ-ment. (See page 55). f Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 55 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO INDUSTRY OF BOYS AND GIRLS 16 AND 17 YEARS OF AGE CERTIFIED FOR FULL-TIME EMPLOYMENT IN. N. C. PERCENT EMPLOYED COTTON YARN AND WEAVE MILLS. HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS MILLS. WOOLEN. SILK AND ^^ RAYON MILLS. ^ TEXTILE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING TOBACCO FACTORIES FURNITURE AND LUMBER PRODUCTS ALL OTHER MANU-FACTURING INDUSTRIES RETAIL TRADE ESTAB-LISHMENTS MESSENGER SERVICE OTHER MISCELLAN-EOUS INDUSTRIES LEGEND BOYS GIRLS 56 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 3 S o a « o o O 2 1 CO " " " r " r o m aB (S so o i2 ^ CO 2 Ci " ri if o s i " M 3 S 12 o O ^ i c= CO (M 1 1 "^ CO 1 ico •**^ rf ^p2 g " C-3 t^ 1 ^ lO . .| C<l 1 1 CSJ c^ '< Icq 12 - -1 "* \ 1t)< lO i lu3 1- O pa 3 "5 d CO o CE >D 1 CM -.O CO ' ODiOO CO 1 'n ^ s "^p^ s o TP U5 1 " CO •* Or^ CO i" 13 s o CO CO ' (M t^ Oi ... ° 1 !to Total All Minors 1,503 s CO <S^ > IM (M " CO C<lrt rj eq : ;2 S QZ 3 a "S so "3 I 1 ca ^"0 '• ', o ', ;0 ; a ' c -2 jPh 1 LB 13 C3 O 1 ' Q '; so 1 Is 5^ o H 1 3 O 1-1 aa Ja 3 3iS3 o 1 C 3 "a c a -53 1 Safe moo Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 57 t^ NU5 05 "1 " 1 CD ' ^ ; " 1" s l<Mrt rt !o 'cio-o. ! 00 <M O •^ i-< 1 C-l O) —. i CO 1 00 lO I Sg oo 1 t^ ICO TO" e<i (M i " " o o i CO '-en OT— 1 •O- 0-* CO 1-t .^ CO UO -<*' CO (M -* O—1 C^ (M CO ^'-HC^(MiO'rt<:c-r^o^':co CC (>) ^ QC' CD (M CO Tf CM CO C-J^ ^O CMMOOt^Olt-CC'^OO CO CO -^ Oi C^) ic c; 'X' <! CO-< TJH COCOCO C: O t- TT — rj: GC 2'^ 1 a s 1 "a ol "o 1 -M ; J i CO > 1 o c J IS el 1 E c6 ii j3 g o o 1 > !^> o = no 3c 58 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor a K O Is CO Nif ' r "If O m a oJ o O t^ 1 ; I ; ^ i ; '" :-" i 3 ^ T-H 1 ^~' 1 E o ^ ^ c?c5 1^2 1 ; 1 IM 1 1'^ CO ; lO (Mlr~ 1—1 iro " CS) 1 lc<i H CO o ^ gS ^2 " "1 -* ( 1 -rt* CO 1 i" o m S o . CO " C^ 00>O>O CO ICO s ' C-JU5 1 !rt ' 1 _, -3<Ot^ CO 1 1" 1 i " ^ CO 1 c^^ t^ "»o c^ i2 c^ CO i i M ' o Or-* . o; CO Cvl "" CO c^ Sc^ 03 1 ( a> E Eh o is 3 c ! H a OS O "o 1 Ml 1 c |t3 ; 1 ; H 1 CD C C sS G ; ii la i 1 a3 -a a 1 III 3 3 ta 1 3 3 § 3 ga 1 S c fe MOO Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 59 ;l CO IN-* = " CJ5 ^ S3 C^—1« rr -^r !>- C-JiO S5 '"' CJIMrt ^ CO ° g ; ^ m CO^ 2 ^ ! *"* ' t~ 00 1 t^ 1 0 —•CO cc '— ' 5 £§ ^ T-^ loco io r c: 1—I (Tl id ^»-< S ^ ^ (M ^ 1 ^ cc c^ ^ cr: lO torn ^ (M <M r- -^r i-* ! ^ ^ CM cc cc —lO * CO cc CM :c --H -<t Tf -^ r^ cc cc !c B B C C _ 5 e2 iC s a" 2 Si i >> si 5)^ - -3 3 3 13 $ 60 Biennial Report of the Depabtment of Labor 3a 6a 3 e2 o m a g o o O ' '- '^ *"• o •^ ^ '"' a6 U5 S S TO> CO " c^ M 1 TO " TO c^ C^ o m 3 i '^ . . jl o CO CS) ^ ^ »o "5 CO TO 1 Q 3 a a O § 1 S o w C 03 >i O I g T3 -a 1 o 1 3 '3 c o 1 3 o o J i o i a 3 '5 3 > -a a oj J 3 1O -a 3 c3 M o 1M C 3 "S 3 :s 3 3 i ii OS m 3 a L. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 61 " r QO 1 ; CO ' l(M TC 1 ' ' 1 -^ " r <M as l^cq (M m CT) 03 CO CO ' 00 CO OQO CO jc 1 1 .- c-j •* ro ^ CO J ^ CO — 5 : : "^ CO-* osr^ 00 ss ^ »i5CO as 1 ! 1 ^ eo Oi CO TTt- 'Tf ^ t^ I : 1 : : =3 c 1 1 ^ > 1 III c ,' >- fc c -g-o c OC c: > c> cc ;^ c c 62 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor d - a —' J 3E o £ o o O ^>^ ^ CD 1 c5 1 o i ^ . " 1 p t:}H CO 1 " " 1^^ rQ I ici ^ s oc CO 1 lie s CO CO iCO TT 1 1 -^ o CO a OS o o O CO * ° 1 loo ^ ^ ^ >o COt^iO CO . ICO CD 1 s ' "* ( 1 -^ t-- t-- 00 COO '"' 1 1^ e2 o <M o 1 1 2 ^ ^c5 ^ "Si2 M< 1 I-* 3S a o 1 O 00^ CD O ^ ^ '^ >o r-.^ CO CD oor-'-H rti ' CO-H 03 CDCS '^ CO T-1 ^ "° CO CO t^ CO o OD Ci; C: CO (M (M CD O "^^ ?] S 2 ^'^ 2 y-^ C'lOi ^ "** * O PQ B X >-< * OOO OOO ^ OOOi o t^ o »o •CO -^ ^ w -rt^ OO^^S - OD T-H ^ C; CD ^ r^ u^ T^ 2 CD oo oc ^ o-oo OD « t- CO -H C^ CD*0 Oi ^ oo SS lO CC CO C3C CC Ocno CO CO Total All Minors o lO 000*00 r^ ocg COCK] lo CO GO lO lO -^ i CO CD 030 i OCOCD |cO "* ^ CO ^ cq '^ 1 i a o -o c 2 O o 1 3 '3 1 1"C •'a l-o 1 03 fi 1 c t^ 1 o ^ 13 Lc i o H C»3 "3 3 -o O £ -D a3 -a a ca ^ S3 h-5 3 a t: 3 03 hJpq oH 1 3 3 '3 c 3 C 1 o fe eg eg -^ PQOO Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 63 CO II 'CO . '-I X — 1— O — I Oi{\ :jc ^ o CO X» -^ r-^ T) ^ (M CO : — iO(M:CaDiOCOCSl»CO^ ^o r- o ic r-^ (M t^ »c c^ ^ cc' s ^- 1 O rt o':^ -S OO! ->j = -o SsSPo ^So-z 2 feo^-<:::^z: oooJ^ 64 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor J a O aa«o o Q m CO ^ lO CD S3 o lO "N * CD CD " M" (M ! loj eS S 00 CO ' ! ta en CO (M 1 ,C<1 ^ 1 !* o m 1 o p ^ i S '^ CD 1 1 CO Ort CO COiffliO C-J 1 '(>) i oo <Ji 1 1 •* CO CO 2 -CDO '"' if 13 o c^ o 1 j ^ Tj. O"* " "c^l2 CO I ,co 3 o ii"§§ o a:.-! rt" 1 — CO s 00-* 03 :0 c3 o C5 r- 0-*<100 CO lOO oco CD :o ( CO 1—, U3 a; CO-WIM 3c CO o ^ CD CO »0 <*' CO -^ *-< CS] CO lOO CM C-J S 2- O 1 CM CO o Z^ '^ t^ o 00 CO COIOCOIOIO CO CO «i CO CM — iO" t^ 2"S CD 1 oo 1 OS t^ ^^ o o c?:t-< ^ ^ ^o cs U5^— o; H o OCO>OI-<M oCD cs oo '^ CDOCM Ol CO OOOO CM CO "<*^ t^ CO "* 'ttH ooco o 00 r^ Oi c^ CO •J' -^ -^ - .. CD^OO IcD cDcq'S< CO SS2 g B 5 3 T3 C <X a '3 ! o 1 1 I O ' 3 L is o H 1M ; 5 ; to ; 3 , it! i o £ ^J ac ca Ja3 (-1 cil^ S " ca III ce "d L 33 S 1C 1 'fe 3 S moo Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 65 o m 1 to I 1 1 I I 1 I ! I'"' >o ' 1 i i IM 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 ;'^ o 1 Oi n'-o OO CO i i(M lor^ i i ioOU5(M ' -f moo lO g tOTH s ! iu; icMrt 1 !— OO^tM en s I^ OOO i '' ' ' '— « 00 C3 cq I 00 1— OO i 1 1 i 1 icn CO 1 oen o 1 U5 i : i ; i ; t^ 1 CO 1 cC OO o 1 CO *o CD 1 r-M 1 c; iB o "-H '«»' Cq CO CTD C>^ --< IH I '^f T- c; CM C5 o to c^ i CiCO to 15 1 k J 1 u i -2 >. "3 1 L O .1 i ; i i i ; is i it Mil ! li^lil ; 1 I 1 ; '= ji 2 sq 1 1 ' ', ', ,' S is E- =a o J 'iisli Isl illpii J-il -o o II 66 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor c Q « o o O '^ CO -^ CO S S i i 1 1 ^ - cq i e5 CM " 1 i : ; o m a « s d 1^ c5 CM r-.o CM CM " 1 1 r-H CO S O ^ ^ C-) C^) H t^ o »-* 05 ^ Tt* " ( 1 '"' Sa 1 '^>; s S CM CM ' " lO 1 CO (M o s ""t^ 1 oo en t- -"r CO '^ ^^ ' '"' ^ iCOt-H 3o OD ir:>co^t^ -JD «l CM-H CM ' Oa tCOCO O H ^3 CO CO cc c:) ^ t-- :0 S O-H CO r- -^ CO O C^ tOD CO ^ 05 ai rP ^^ CO CM— CO CD a-. CO O 1 oo c^co wocn 1 CM CM CO '^ -H O t^^H CM 3— o ^-1 s !>. CO cc i>- r— o ^ CO ' '.ji rt O t^t^co E Q Z: 1 .2 T3 1 a o l c 1 1 1 c , CS ill S — £ 1 c o ca 9 Jo J 1 9o -i ?3 i O ft "a o -a a - C gO -c ~3 OH Ml a 1 o c moo Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 67 (M N M i m 11 r ; i pq N n n H N r <M .(M ^ . . 1 .^ icc-H iw:> 1 '^ m 12 to CO ! ! ! Itt 'uo ' iiC'-'^ >o 'm t* 1 . . lie •GO'^ .o-^^'^ to § ; U5 1 " ! t^ CO --D - ' ! ' ' O ' i CO r^ 1 o l-^J'CO^ 1 1 ! 1 tOi |CS1 i 00 1 s 1 .^ -^ r- , 1 1 . 1 -^t* 1 M :d MTO ^ ' »0 ^ ^ 30 ^ CM tM i t- CO 1 CO 1" m OM W30CO ' 20^ § -^ o 2 t-co> o CO=D c; i OO Qocc lor- t^ p « oo a: CM 3o i I i o •I 5 1 1 1 ! 1 ! ! ^ 1 >> ! ' ' ' ' ' '-£'2 2^ ' ; : ; ; : ; « -hjs ^ : Jji|il| ¥Ii III ill S llli^: 68 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 26a KO JO S i-H irq 1 O H CO CO 1 1 1 1 l'^ 1'^ 1 o PQ Q «O hJ o O ^-1 s OS -*io CM !M s J 1 i^r^coosco^c^ios ic-i 2 C-] C003 B T^f C0 —030 t-H "* 1 H l>- s t^ Tji CO C<1 1 1 1 ^ ^ CO OOCO ^ OS-^ ICO . 1 1 CO CO— I-^-. . 5 K S2 o i CM ! CO I 1-H T*< CO 1 1 l' i ^ (CM 1 TP CO CO 1 C3i IcM-* III!! CO 1 1 1 o CO o o 1 CM i ^ icoccco 1 1 i ! t^ 'cm ' O m 5 ^ 1 ss CT. 1-* -^ — o o TO S CO O CO T-( ^ 1 "=3 OS O o o:-^»occioOcoO-^GO-^co — r-. — CO CO * CO OO lO-< — '3_ o -^ TO coco CO t^ CO C3;—t^C0CMCDCO^^CO*O»O00t^-^ CO -^ C3^ M' O Oi O CM — o2 =3 C <I s 3 1 w 1 ^ ; 3 -a Warehouse Office Restaurant Amusements . . Messenger, Newsboys: Carriers Street Sales Laundries .. __ Janitor Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 69 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WORK IN PRINCIPAL CITIES OF NORTH CAROLINA 1936 AND 1937 The expansion of building construction in North Carolina which started in 1934 was continued during 1937. During the two-year period included in the biennial study, reports received by the Department of Labor from the principal cities throughout the State indicate that permits were issued for buildings valued at $16,511,925 during 1936 and $20,191,708 during 1937. This represents an increase of 22.3 per cent comparing the 1937 value of construction work with the 1936 value. Considering the kind of construction work for which permits were issued during the two-year period, the reports show that the largest portion of money expended was for new residential buildings. In 1936 a total of $7,750,427 was reported for home building and in 1937 a total of $9,304,143 was reported. These residential buildings provided new living quarters for 6,116 families. Decided gains were also reported during the two-year period in non-residential or business building construction work and in alteration and repair work; non-residential increasing 17.9 per cent, and repair work increasing 35.8 per cent. A summary of the outstanding developments in building construction in 1936 and 1937 is given in Table I which is pre-sented on page 70. In the following pages are tables showing a detail study of building construction work according to cities reporting. In these tabulations only cities are included for which complete yearly reports were available. Tables have also been prepared showing the different types of building construction started in the cities reporting during the two-year period, and a summary showing the cost and kind of construction work tabu-lated by the months in which permits were issued. For this information refer to Tables II, III and IV. 70 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor t* »- O 03 00 =« Si ?J dt^i« o^ + +++ feo Ph O O ooo T>jO. -tJo<o^ t^ a H OS o-a<co < m S 1— 1 o' 03 CD -^'' m H M t^ <:d c<I (M -^ t^ t^ ^ o'cD—T TO s f t^'lO^TO M " o (M CD r^ c n o i^CDod g_g T + 1 7 fco fL, C5 Q >J m -^ ^ CSl ^ t^ CO IOCS! _ CO t^ o 2 tc c^'^'m" « nS 'J' Tf o o ^ os p 1§o O fe. o ' ' £ i i « S" '3. "2 -S a oIII V.-S H •m C-O o S OT3 t- rt^;-< Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 71 3 § V' 2: ^ Z Bi n H B -r 2; 5^ o o C J H C3 hj 2 - o =::: +7 t ++++ I ++ I 1+7+ 1 +++++ Mi+l 51+" r ' +^++ .^H.-.-^rooos'-'OOf: 0500>—"C0i0 0^rn0»£50»0'*000 = ;»ooiOh-"5*oooicoo *o "^ "? CO c; o a: i^ 'CiC oc »o Xj »o o o . .—< »o lO O t- C-i o »o cc ^ o o iri 'jr >c U t*- t- -.2 x; o CO -I OOOiOiO*0000»OOOiO'*?'OOiOrOOOO COO-^'J^O^OCO'—'CCOlTrcOOiUO'^OOO'—iC-0 o o c- o r- o o CM C—^ kOOC)'^OiO'-'OOGOiC>>00 ' * o O C^ c:: t^ Ci iO lO c: t-^ t-- Z5 O"^»00000000cr. iC ^oococcooo:o»ooooa;oo»or-»ooiooo<: CiiOOCTtC^OOO—i00iO»OO^OOOC0C^C0OC<lt0C0C oil—ii—i»0(MOOCi0'—<aiO0'-H'—'OtOCCCMOJOt^l^-^O* jr^r^coc^ >—'locoio: 1 lO o >o - c^ o :r5 5 O CO t^ ''^)C0-^»0Or^Ol-^z::0:Z>^C^l'—'^rfc0^Z:t0^rJ- ^ :c iC O O 1—< 00 ro (M lO »o c iio^c<i-*c;-<^^c^i iiOiOCOlOC^COCOM'—'C oi^moiG — ' 3 :C w lO^ ' 1 O -- O ^ li^OOccOOOOi JOO-—'OOOOOOOOOOO^OO^ c ^ o o c; o o o ; ' o M o o o >: OCCt-COCl'—"lOO" iiMC-^-^C-iCCCiOCC'-'I * ^ CO '-H ^ ^ C!OOCCOOt^OiOiOOOCOOC>C 1:COXJ»0»«000*COCO COt^"tiU7«MO'—'Ci'—'T—it--.350- j o *o to r- '—' r-- )X''-':Oco-^tO:^c- :OCO'—' IO05C0351C—tco-—'t^CCOiOOOCOO C S O — -T3 C W = ; ;: c C s^ o]^ 72 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 73 r-^ 3Ct~ !o «-.w ^ ->or-.c»DCooiC^^t*Oi050to»-H Oi ot~ 00 CO _^ »-i .—1 "T 1 f^i t^co^oir^t^ooco'^rcoccco'^eNi b- to 00 10 Oi ^ MM 5 1 1 CO COCO^ CS(M^CO^OCCCO'*'-''«»« eo a ++ 1 + i ;+ ++ M ++ 1 ++++ 1 1 1 + 1 + + + iSis fl OJ O CO (U M § 32 o c rt ^ S 3 o. a Tf --O Oi jo 10 CO CO ^ t^ Oi ^ CO CO ^ CO CO CO t- t>. COCOTTO'OiOCO'^COt-^COO'^^O to to _-'.'-. CO d O COC^rr^ CO CD-^UOtN'-H '^ c^ '"' *"* ++ ! + ; 1 l+l+l 1+1 1 1+I++I 1 1 1 1 ' 5c OC^OC^OOClO CO CCi-i^OCOw'^-lOOiCM-iOO'^O " ^ 00 s [^ CO '^ 10 cJi »o "* »C0C0*O01^C0»0OC^)Ot^OC0C0 to C^ Xj 10 t- CO 10 li^ CO I^ to CO CO CO (M Cvj CO rM C^l Cf. t-- '-' t^ '^ EO to *^ 52 (M ;s CI — r^ *o ^5" t^ "^ l>^CiTj'C--iOC:t^I--cDO»0:0-^2''^ 00 CO »o cc l—t 10 "-0 >—1 -0 iri -^ r* lO Cr)'MGOCO*-OOCOCO-*»OOCO OCO •^ c; -^ Q r* r-- »o CO c^q Tj- rr -H Tf -^ ^ CO '^ CO -^ ^ C^^Oi^ c^ '"'_ '-' -3 —" ^ Oi ^ ^ y-^ci »" 0" ^ 3 i fj> ^ f^ _» «>» «> </» Z ^^OXJ^fMO^^Ot-CCtOCsICO (M 1 OOCO ^ ^rp Q C3 CO CO ^lOCOCOCO^'—Tl C^lO'-'COi-H »r3 GO CO 3: CI CO CO <t^ § 03 1 z Pi fS -g ^^ •^ !>• t^ CO t^ OiOcoO'-«ir30000':ocOO'<*'CO t^ 10 « »o ^ Oi t^ ilO CS| ot--o^t^cooO'-coc;c^^cDo esfi 1 r" CO" _^ Oi OiOtC 05 co-*ooO'*'T»oo»ococccoa:iciO t^ to t^ '^. h2 f-H f-1 CO fM 1 0" COOOiO-'t^O'— COOT-H^OiCD^-<*T^ C: to'ira t2 10 OD CO ^i0C0i00iC0i0t'-0:CJiOCVli-"TrT-i CO m 1 —1 t^- (M C^l -* ^ CO GO CO C^l t^ CO ^ --0 CO r^ ^^ iC -0 t-*" ^ 10" '-"'-'' CO CO H<- i§ to W ^ v.. t© » (^ "to "3 05 , Mg m '"' <M 00^ CO io ^ tMi:^cit--cocccoio»rs(-t--:ot^'«ft^ i to -^J* rr C3 — ^ ^C-lt^C^^-— C^l — — -HCO ^M -^ 1^ -^ i-^ C-1 ' '<*' lO ^ —« ro CO to CO = ii a - co"-r tt' co" 3 z CO OO 'bI Zi-J "O Qtf dp<o! MM §so fe^ _ o »^ o > Q t m a Eh *^ s -<J M ^ s °i s E-i 2 CD S -C Q « I.P i "0 -a c g >> -<! Be. -c-3 1 ' ca 1 •1^1 i 0, p:j -a a a. >• 11° i s -o a 3 a -M .5 "3 i ! ' & =I'B 1 : l.S « -2 ^ J3 " b. 1 :z; 1 " . & 1 § ffi'-S if c p. c >> 'J 1 ' I' •g-r: ;'3. 3 Is is =j 3 t^ .2 '^ 1 D. i ; lis lll 3 1 a c -3 _y 1 c-g c'5.2 OX! -g i2 3 '3 ^0 ^illiii1i3-§|l'||= .-:; S :§sz H ^ z < 74 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor Q C/2 — a I 3 CO S td Pi H W m o m iistimated (..ost 01 All Construction Work + lOt^t^-^C^-^OSOCOOl 000 1 tp CO c^ rt csi u; CO cooco ++++++T+++++ CO 0; 0" CO'^^O^t-^CO'-.iOC^COO r-if5-«*<ci^i>.coco<:Doooo or^i>-cococ^ooi»ocO'*^co i 1 lOCOOO-^COOOOMC^JCO Ococoooic-loqcccrs^tOoDCsi t>.yDC0t--C0-^»O^OiOC0C^O5 s Jl -5 0^ a CO + 00OCi05i0'-tC0'<fOCSlt^C0 c^^^o0ocoo^or^QOT^coco'M CO OiO^COC^ 1 +++ 1 +++++ 1 + i t^(Ma5MiO»0»O000JOtO'rti cOcc>t^<MCOTt^an:OtOO':C>^ .-ico'^o^iOifC'CO^coTrco'--. i-HCOO^O-^OtCOii^ScoO coo<y:;t--t-'»»o-<jH^cDtoo C^C^-rt*COC^1COCO»OCOC^J^CO i (M OOiOCOCOCOt^-iOOuOcr;^ cooscD^O'tfCTi'^r-cocq^ i-iCJli-ic0^iOCC00OCS>"<rt^ asoa50cocoir>-<f'-JDtD^-rt< coaocN»0'-*t-c^i--oococo CSJ,-H<NCOCOCSICOC-?COC^(M-H 2 0,0 + CO^OCOt^t^OCO-^-^CDCC O»OCTi^(M^^iO^O00OC0 lO 10 -^ CO ioco^^»o +++I++I 1 \+%+ c; CO a: 00 "tj*iocoocioio^»occoocoai 'Tt^ 00 !•- (M ^ Ol CO 'Xj 00 i-H 387 319 771 653 1,022 366 570 427 309 562 860 397 1 00 lOOCOCDtOOOiOS'^COOcO 05COt--t^:ocoO(MiO'-Hi:MC^ a:0'<J'COCOCOOC-COCO»OCM 256 205 516 662 439 360 1,269 621 344 333 245 383 c aa c rs 1 1^ £0 r- 00 C32O0-. oasTf?>)Oioccc-jo —KM COCOrqCOtMCOCMC-J^" 00—1—'COCO—'lOOOCOWCTCO t^Oi-^CQCOCO^iOCOOlt^GO CSIcqtM(MCOC^CO<MC<l— 1 1 + ooooa>CD-^oit^^»or^05^ Oocoo5ir3oaa50ir^0iioco Qcr^»nc^'*-*^uoc-lt^co ^:^++++l + l 1 1 + 1 oco'^oo'^asooiooiccn -rj<coa:r-i--a:'OiC^iociOio 534 745 1,045 910 844 1,172 747 1,118 632 581 532 438 1 OOOO^O-^cococococnO 0;—'t^c:>-^coi^cor-i»ocDco GC^lOc5^00C0--^C^00OC0 Is 3 1-c . Ill Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 75 EMPLOYMENT, HOURS OF WORK AND AVERAGE WAGES EARNED IN PRINCIPAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES July, 1937, to June, 1938 The average weekly and hourly earnings, and the hours of work in manufacturing industries and building construction trades in North Carolina are shown in the following study, Table I, for each month of the last year of our biennial period. The data were compiled from a representative group of manufactur-ing and construction firms and tabulations show the number of firms included in each month studied and the number of persons employed by these firms. Tabulations are prepared for the manufacturing industry as a whole which includes all types of manufacturing trades, and separate tabulations are shown for the leading manufacturing industries. 76 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor AVERAGE EARNINGS AND HOURS OF WORK IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN NORTH CAROLINA Type of Industry Year and Month Number of Firms Reporting Number of Em-ployees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hour? I'er Week Average Hourly Earnings All Mani-facturing: 1937-July- 454 485 497 492 498 494 492 552 582 603 635 610 193 210 212 207 210 208 236 243 267 284 279 256 65 70 69 68 70 70 69 72 79 72 75 79 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 9 22 22 31 30 30 30 30 31 29 31 31 31 108,872 132.175 132,952 127,263 127,177 121,191 118,325 118,656 136,780 132,317 129,567 111,730 63,753 84,060 82,804 78,090 77,679 75,186 70,531 66,980 83,424 85,593 79,146 62,298 18,935 20,686 20,719 20,262 21,167 21,060 20,946 22,400 24,746 21,671 21,449 21,598 1,418 2,174 2,143 2,001 1,648 1,736 1,743 2.579 2,367 3,116 2,273 2,102 4,623 4,652 6,235 5,860 5,847 5,604 5,154 5,508 4,623 4,938 4,716 4,853 S 15.26 15.36 15.31 15.06 14.37 14.51 13.90 14.32 14.54 13.96 14.01 13.95 $ 13.96 14.23 14.03 13.64 12.82 12.90 12.13 12.26 13.14 12.88 12.54 11.69 S 16.09 16.17 16.76 16.91 16.93 17.'23 16.66 17.12 16.89 17.43 16.97 17.10 3 14.77 16.51 17.14 14.80 13.98 14.97 12.29 11.92 13.89 14.36 14.73 13.68 13.75 14.93 15.27 15.18 13.29 13.67 10.61 11.40 11.90 10.13 9.48 13.50 36.3 36.2 35.9 35.3 33.1 33.2 32.0 32.9 33.8 33.4 32.9 33.2 35.7 35.1 34.6 33.7 31.2 31.1 30.1 31.1 32.4 32.1 31.2 30.9 34.5 34.0 35.5 35.2 34.5 35.5 33.7 34.9 34.6 35.3 35.1 34.4 37.8 40.5 38.6 33.6 32.4 34.7 29.7 31.8 37.3 37.0 37.0 34.6 38.3 42.1 42.0 41.7 36.0 37.1 28.4 30.4 34.4 26.9 25.6 35.4 (Cents) 42.6 42.9 43.0 43.0 43.6 43.9 43.8 43.6 March _ . 43.0 42.0 42.7 42.1 Cotton Yarn & Weave Mills: 1937-July.. 39.4 40.7 41.0 October 40.7 November. 41.2 41.5 1938-January 40.3 39.4 March . 40.5 40.4 May.. __ _ . 40.4 June Hosiery & Knit Goods Mills: 1937-.July August September October. - 38.0 48.7 49.2 49.0 49.5 November 50.5 50.3 1938-January- 51.3 February 49.3 March.. 49.8 April 50.5 May 49.4 June. 50.8 Silk & Raton Mills:_ 1937-July_.. . 39.9 August _ 41.4 September 45.2 October... 44.7 November 44.1 December. 43.9 193S-January. 41.1 February... 37.5 March 37.2 April .. 38.8 May 39.8 June.. 39.6 FuRNiTiRE Factories: 1937-July . 34.7 August. ._ 35.1 September.- 36.0 October. 36.4 November ... . 36.3 December.. 36.3 1938-January 37.2 February .. 37.7 March 34.7 37.0 May. . 36.0 June 37.5 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 77 TABLE 1—Continued Type of Industry Year and Month Number of Firms Reporting Number of Em-plf) yees Average Weekly Earnings Average Hour? Per Week Average Hourly Earnings ToBAcro Factories: 1937-July August September _.. October November December 1938-January February March April May June NoN-MANI'FACTrBING:* 1937-July August September October November December 1938-January February March April May J une Retail Establishments: 1937-July August- September October November December 1938-January February March April May June Private Biilding Construction 1937-July August September October November _. December 1938-January February . March April May June (Cents) 8 8 S 8 S 8 s 8 S 8 8 8 124 127 113 121 115 122 74 137 162 160 171 170 386 441 433 425 439 386 358 403 410 397 391 450 62 69 78 89 86 89 118 115 132 123 160 150 5,057 5,084 5.171 5,138 5,143 5,141 5,063 5,077 5,114 5,023 5,060 5,052 4,717 4.856 318 706 469 527 219 896 4,763 5,051 5,077 4,840 3.335 4,471 4,527 4,781 5,788 4,463 3,159 4,207 4,700 6,117 4,709 5,576 1,243 1,663 1,694 1.599 1,437 1.238 1.358 1,374 1.688 1,605 2,008 1.939 $20.96 21.10 21.18 21.04 19.67 20.84 21.70 20.06 19.84 19.92 21.56 21.84 17.79 17.85 17.27 18.00 16.95 18.15 14.61 18.33 17.89 18.17 17.46 17.91 17.62 17.06 16.44 16.93 14.29 16.12 16.27 15.01 14.^2 12.59 14.89 12.82 18.53 18.61 19.90 23.33 18.26 19.71 18.08 17.66 18.03 18.10 18.69 19.17 37.3 38.2 38.6 37.9 35.1 36.9 37.1 34.9 34.1 34.7 37.0 37.5 45.8 44.1 43.9 42.6 43.2 44.1 43.2 44.7 44.7 47.8 46.7 45.8 41.4 40.1 39.8 40.9 39.4 40.8 42.0 41.4 39.6 38.5 •39.3 35.7 35.4 35.7 39.4 42.2 .32.9 33.4 32.6 32.6 32.9 33.4 35.6 35.8 56.2 55.3 54.9 55.5 56.1 56.5 58.5 57.5 58.3 57.4 58.3 58.3 34.5 36.0 28.0 35.7 27.5 33.8 32.6 37.1 36.9 34.7 32.5 33.6 39.6 40.3 39.8 40.4 39.8 39.9 38.6 38.1 37.4 36.9 37.9 36.2 52.7 52.3 50.8 55.8 55.7 59.5 55.5 54.2 54.8 54.3 52.1 53.3 *This group includes public utilities, hotels, quarrying, mining, etc 78 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor • — c: ^ 'O'a <^ o S-= ^G-Z^ Pi ^5^^ w T3 H -^ " '^ 'c -^ rt s B a 3 5^ ^ l^^s: ;z Car atel vth ion H s ^ 3i3l^ « - '^'2 " r/7 ^ inN own ompil r info Q C"m " --3 •— ' ^ I0 z ^'a p. -d 2 &:o > r^Si-^ K-l - text firm ;ie tig oil cot 0^ E3 ^ =3E- " ?^ , -*! >. -g s 1 •? 5-"0'-3 CO r> '-^ a c-B"^ ^ _>. < =^oocc 9J U C3 rn men and arch, 193 of Labor ich such I a c rkof to M reau m wh CO 2; sS;mJ rt 3 'oScc S w hours smber, the U. ng Stat 2; -1" B H a< sf a c'S 1 '; ^ c c «- a d ^ a > '*:; '0 :s C R 1 > a. -f= ^ n £- s-s -a OC t^ 05 ^ »0 ^ =00 1 CO CO C~l * M W g Mg", 1 T c^i en t^ cs lO f£^ £"-2 C^l CM CVl rf ^•=5 S I 1 1 (- 3 ^ CO a uO 00 0:1 C5 (M erage , 193 CO CO CO CO CO CO > -^ <^ i^ w^cow^-^c^co i. " c co' d -^3 lo* ^" 1 ^ 1 '"T '^ '^O 13 -* '>»' a '-H en CO (M CM ^ -2^ a 1 10 '-^ c^i '~o t~~ uo « ^^ tlflCO — ' ' 1 ! 1 ! -^ S 5 — -= l-?l •^ :r) cr CO ^ :c; i>^ ao cvi " 0* CO* % ''-'^ s 1 1 1 7 w g ^ ^ ^ =; ^] t-a bC CO CO -M CO CO CM CO J^ " ^ > -*: :yD CC X! t^ 3 ^ 01 1 - x d d S s CO C-: CO C-: CO -f = I-- rM-- :c> t^ 00 -— -2 CO a CO t^ Tl ^ lO 10 ^+;r-C3 II II 1 1 £ sS-- "^ ' I 1 1 1 a - pi- P'J s 1 7 "^^ j ^ p: =^ -^ 3-. GC a -rr -* CO C^l C^^ -- CO -^ a: — bC CT. ^ ^ > ^ 05 'x: -* CO 3: ^- I 5 c c:i -M —' -^r 00 CO S '^r CO CO '^^ CO ^c 1 1 ^ ^^^1^^^ £ to -^ :r t- w -^ £ oc/:' a I'sfss ^ M i 1 1 1 s '^ 00 i^ r^ "* a; -o c^ 01 (M :< cc^ "^ 1 1 1! "2 1=-^ a '£ IS l^aH >> a-2 ^ o^-? "3. f^^' c J; ^ to oc GO CO -<r CO CO ^ * CM QC^ 9s a GO ^ I-- r- 00 oo' ^ z cq ^ ~" oi» i ; ig 2 m-o 1 fe ? hH ^ Q . ' « >> 2 2^-2-llj * a g-a VETERANS' SERVICE DIVISION Jack P. Lang, State Service Officer FOREWORD In 1925 the General Assembly of North Carolina created the Veterans' Service Division to assist North Carolina disabled veterans of all wars and the dependents of disabled and deceased veterans in the proper preparation and prosecution of their claims for the benefits provided by the Federal Government to which they are both morally and legally entitled as the result of service to their country in time of need. In accordance with the provisions of the law, the Veterans' Service Division was placed under the Department of Labor. INTEREST IN SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES During the past biennium, the Veterans' Service Division has contacted and received appeals for assistance from a total of 7,575 veterans and their dependents. In addition to the above number of claims handled during the biennial period it has been necessary for the Division to continue to prosecute a large portion of the cases previously reported because of their disallowances, changes in physical condition, changes in the legislation, regulations, and disability rating schedule, or the development of new evidence. Very few cases can be considered as definitely closed for it is frequently necessary for claimants whose cases have been allowed to again request assistance in the prosecution of their claims because of the changes in the law, regulations and the disability rating schedule. Even after a veteran's death, his dependents must file new claims in order to secure death benefits, burial allowance and insurance due them. In many of these cases all the necessary evidence must be worked up and properly presented and prose-cuted. These dependents are in greater need of proper repre-sentation in the prosecution of their claims than was the veteran himself. BENEFITS PAID INTO THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA AC-CORDING TO THE RECORDS OF THE VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION The importance of properly caring for the disabled veterans and their dependents is evident when it is considered that over 80 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 86,000 North Carolinians were in the naval and military service during the World War. The following statistics based on the official reports of the Central Office of the Veterans' Administra-tion, Washington, D. C, shows the benefits paid into the State of North Carolina to disabled veterans of all wars and their dependents during the past biennium and give a very good picture of how vital these Federal benefits and gratuities are to the people of this State. The amount paid to living veterans, including compensation for service connected disabilities and permanent and total cases both war and peace time veterans, is $12,545,940.00. The amount of death compensation, term insurance and burial allowances received by dependents of deceased veterans in the State of North Carolina during the past biennium is as follows : Term insurance $3,293,519.00 Death compensation, pensions, burial allowance 2,788,655.00 This shows that a grand total of $18,628,114.00 is being paid into the State of North Carolina biennially for veterans and their dependents. The amount of benefits which was paid to veterans of North Carolina, now living, and their dependents during the past fiscal year was $9,359,862.00. VOLUME OF WORK The following report covering the activities of the Division is presented only in sufficient detail to show the volume of work done. The requests for assistance and demands made upon the Division have been so heavy that it has been impossible for a complete and accurate report of every operation and results accomplished to be shown. The report presented below covers only those phases of the work which were possible to accurately record from day to day in the Division Office. It does not include the innumerable operations, necessary to efficiently serve the veterans of our State in the preparation of forms, affidavits, cer-tified copies of discharges, burial claims, applications for loans and other documents prepared in support of each case, nor does it include the number of appeals prepared. Biennial Report of the Department of Labor 81 THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHOWri THE LIVING VETERANS AND DEPENDENTt^ OF DECEASED VETERANS WHO WERE RECEIVING PENSION AND COMPENSATION BENEFITS, AND THOSE RECEIVING MILITARY AND NAVAL INSURANCE AS OF JULY 30, AND DISBURSEMENTS FOR THESE BENEFITS DURING THE FISCAL YEARS 1937 AND 1938 IN NORTH CAROLINA Fisc \L Year 1937 Fi.=c.\L Ye.\r 1938 Number Amt. Disbursed Number Amt. Disbursed World War: 6,886 5,71S 1,132 36 2,234 2,104 103 6 6 8 28 342 2,085 758 677 159 9,682 3,507 2,762 S 3,620,472.00 3,178,502.00 386,644.00 55,326.00 801,881.00 751,669.00 50,212.00 3,662.00 3.266.00 2,791.00 33,116.00 160,220.00 1,156,982.00 287,961.00 190,026.00 46,643.00 5.003,862.00 1,303,158.00 1,708,367.00 23,378.00 1,229,587.00 9.268.2.52.00 6,969 5,663 1,260 36 2,189 2,009 180 5 5 8 21 298 2,012 812 694 172 9,691 3,484- 2,386 $ 3,628,678.00 3,144,762.00 424,670.00 59,246.00 991,074.00 721,773.00 69,301.00 Mexican War: Deceased veterans . . 3,003.00 Indian War: Living veterans 3,908.00 Deceased veterans __ 2,968.00 Civil War: 25,602.00 139,615.00 Spanish-American War: 1,168,333.00 299,.595. 00 Regular Establishment: 190,4.54.00 Deceased veterans.. . 49,242.00 Total Compensation and Pension Benefits: Li\nng veterans.. . 5.016,975.00 1.485,497.00 Military and naval insurance.. 1,585,152.00 21,.527. 00 1.2.50,711.00 Total disbursements 9.3.59,862.00 ACTIVITIES OF DIVISION Biennium, 1936-1938 Letters written 7,510 Claims reviewed 5.589 Examinations secured 553 Office interviews 2,399 Appearances before rating board 1,446 New cases handled 1,540 Old cases handled 6,035 Total cases handled 7,575 Total compensation secured $121,760.66 In making this report of the service rendered, we have only brought out the results achieved in securing financial assistance for veterans in the Charlotte Regional Office. The above reported amount of total compensation secured represents an additional amount of money brought into the State of North Carolina dur- 82 Biennial Report of the Department of Labor ing the past biennial period only, and does not take into consid-eration the compensation which will continue in succeeding years. It may be stated, however, that a good part of the work of this Division deals with matters that bring no monetary benefits to the veterans. A few of these are expediting hospitali-zation; locating veterans who have changed address and who failed to prosecute their claims; assisting in clearing up the marital status of claimants; assisting in establishing birth record; contacting physicians and friends of claimants for evidence; furnishing discharge certificates; and in many other ways. It is well to mention that as long as a veteran is alive and can provide for his family, the need is not as great as after death when the head of the family is no longer there to provide sup-port. It is more difficult to prosecute a claim after the death of the veteran, and more correspondence is necessary for the reason that the widow, as a general rule, does not know who can give affidavits as to her husband's condition during war service, or immediately following his discharge from active service. In 1929 the General Assembly of North Carolina passed an act regulating the guardianship of incompetent veterans and of the minors of disabled or deceased veterans. This act places the responsibility of the supervision of all guardianships, and the funds disbursed through these guardianships, under the Vet-erans' Service Division and the Veterans' Administration. On June 30, 1938, there were: Incompetent veterans 617 Other incompetents (incompetent widows and min
Object Description
|Biennial report of the Department of Labor
|North Carolina.
|1936; 1938
Industrial safety
North Carolina. Department of Labor--Periodicals
Labor laws and legislation--North Carolina--Periodicals
|North Carolina, United States
|Time Period
|(1929-1945) Depression and World War Two
|Report year ends June 30.
|Raleigh :The Dept.,1932-1972.
North Carolina Department of Labor
|State Document see http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,63754
|Physical Characteristics
|v. ;22 cm.
|Health Sciences Library. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Annual reports
|Digital Characteristics-A
|4693 KB; 110 p.
|Digital Collection
|North Carolina Digital State Documents Collection
|Digital Format
|Related Items
|Superseded by the Department's Report, which is issued annually.
|Title Replaced By
|North Carolina. Department of Labor..Report
|Title Replaces
|North Carolina. Department of Labor and Printing..Report of the Department of Labor and Printing
|Pres File Name-M
|Pres Local File Path-M
|Full Text
>33i .38;
C6e Lifitarp
of t|)e
UniUiMtv of J13ortl) Carolina
Colltctfon of il^ortS CatoUniana
This Book may be kept out TWO WEEKS
ONLY, and is subject to a fine of FIVE
CENTS a day thereafter. It was taken out on
the day indicated below:
Biennial Report of the Department of Labor
(/) uH
|OCLC Number-Original