text:
The history of the Second Dark age is well presented, in a fairly uniform fashion, around the world. The Lights went out, except for a few precious jewel cities, with great towering arcologies. These megastructures, built in the last days of the Petroleum Era would serve as the cradles protecting the greatness of human technology and science. Men and women would spend almost a century working from these great structures trying to find a way to bring the Lights back and end the suffering that was the Second Dark Age. Outside of the towers and the cities that defended them there was little but lawlessness and banditry. Some more radical historians have adopted the theory of Arcopolarity, in that the arcologies and the communities around them did not cause the Second Renaissance, but rather were territorial fortresses that supported and enforced sustained social conflict between arco dwellers and non-arco dwellers.
It's a hot topic issue in the historical community, and one that has repercussions beyond textbook histories and classroom lessons. The theory holds that the existence of the arcologies created a protracted social conflict by creating a fostering a threatened cultural group, IE the arco dwellers. The arco dweller was the last bastion of humanity, as they were told or held themselves up as. This downplays greatly the work of all scientists and engineers who worked in labs outside of arco cities, and makes the population living outside of the arcological city the innate enemy of the arco dweller. During the Second Dark age, particularly in North America, Europe, and China there were actual problems of militarized banditry and resurgences of neo-feudalism. But the examples of these events are presented greatly out of proportion to the size of their actual impact. If one listens to the stories of the armored trucks fighting their way through the Appalachian passes, one would be more reminded of a WWII bomber raid on industrial Germany when the truth was that the majority of trucks never saw the first bandit. When one truck or a convoy was stopped, a rare occurrence, the story was sensationalized and quickly ballooned out of proportion.
One of the things that prolonged the Second Dark Age was that many arcologies around the world adopted a similar solution to deal with a common problem. With space being a top commodity, arcologies seldom if ever had any sort of long term detention facilities for law breakers. The Law itself became something make of gold and ivory, sacrosanct. Breaking the law wasn't just breaking the law, it was taboo, it was a crime against the populace, against the arcological society, and against the hope of the future. This meant that there were three general approaches to dealing with criminals: economic fines and servitude, exile, and execution. Most minor offenders could expect to be fined, or have their living quarters reduced, moved to a lower level and placed under surveillance. Moderate cases could see themselves added to public works crews, such as doing unsavory work cleaning sewer lines or working in waste reclamation facilities. If a crime was deemed greater than this, the offender would be chip-marked and exiled from the arcology, and usually from the city. If it was deemed a terrible offense, the criminal would be executed.
This created a fringe around the cities of criminals, anarchists, disenfranchised people, and others who had a vested interest in revenge against the arco dwellers who exiled them from their suddenly soft and easy lives on the inside. While a few found freedom in the open, many did actually revert to joining gangs and other destructive, cultural or social organizations. Some include the infamous Foot Gang in the New York Arcoplex, the Oakland Raiders Tribe, and the Neo-Aztecs outside of Mexico City.
Us Versus Them
The growth of fringe elements simply reinforced the belief that the arcologies and arco-cities were besieged by barbarians. These populations generally grew at a slow rate, as attrition due to disease and violence was rather high. Supplies were scarce, and the hostility between arco dwellers and the fringe meant that little charity flowed from the have to the have not. Banditry and raiding did indeed exist, but the massive arcology and it's trained cadre of security personnel and attached military defenders were seldom the target. Lightly armed, unarmored bandits had little interest in facing the heavily armed and often vehicle using defenders. Instead, the favored targets of these raiders were the communities that existed outside of the lights of the Arcologies.
The Pontiac Raid of 112 BCE marked the quintessential arco versus fringe violent encounter. The Great Lakes Republic had suffered several hard winters and mild summers in a row creating a condition of food scarcity across the region. The arcology reached out to farming and agricultural communities, and used them to support it's population. This cut the supply of food in the region, and sent free market food prices soaring. The winter of 112 BCE saw dozens of attacks against food shipments as well as raids against the farming communities that were sending their products to Pontiac instead of local markets. The raids culminated in a pitched battle being fought within sight of the Pontiac arcology. Raiders and hostiles attacked the city with automatic rifles and RPGs in an attempt to seize food stuffs. Rioting and looting quickly followed, as the shortages had affected city dwellers alike. The Pontiac Massacre had these 'insurgents' counter attacked by soldiers fielding new power armor hard suits and several combat mecha. It was a victory for the arco soldiers and one of the events that solidified the militarism of the Great Lakes Republic.
The Second Dark age was a time of hardship, and the largest population contraction since the Black Plague. It is argued that the militarism espoused by the arcologies was not present in non-arcological communities, and those areas lacking arcos in any number were actually either free of banditry or it was a marginal issue. Lacking the megastructures, there was not so massive a defining difference creating an us and a them.
Had the arcologies not been built in the Petroleum Age, the inevitable Second Dark Age might have been half as long as it was. Rather than protecting and promoting technology and human achievement, the arcologies sequestered these treasures for themselves. It would make sense, as the buildings were not raised for the purpose of preserving knowledge, but were rather built by the materialism and greed of the Petroleum Age. It was planned that the buildings would be impregnable fortresses to protect the elite while the commoner and peasant suffered. And that plan worked, the arcologies protected their inhabitants, removed them from the common concern of mankind. Few of the hardships that caused the population contraction reached the tower dwellers. Once the technology of the Second Renaissance was forged what happened? Thirty years of war between the nascent city states.
Early Second Renaissance
The early portion of the Second Renaissance in the history books is a lesson in names and dates, such as when Dr. Kearney successfully started the first Dimensional Engine, or Dr. Fuchida's team sharing the plans for the toroidal continuous fusion reactor. It overlooks the brushfire wars that flared up as the lights started coming back on. In North America and Europe there was markedly more fighting than in other parts of the world. Low level wars had been going on for most of that time, but these were often local, ethnic, or cultural wars fought out between small groups of men and women armed with rifles and a few support weapons.
The Ohio War
The Ohio War was fought between the Commonwealth of New England and the Great Lakes Republic and the prize was the territory of Ohio and Lake Erie. The Commonwealth fielded a greater number of troops, but the GLR put battlemechs into the field. The war lasted two years and ended with the GLR claiming Ohio and territories down to Appalachia as well as taking the former Canadian city of Toronto. The Treaty of Newark OH ended the war, as the Commonwealth prepared to defend the Pittsburg industrial arcoplex with nuclear weapons in the face of the GLR increasingly potent mech forces.
The Mississippi River War
The Republic of Texas and the Confederation of Southern States at first seemed like they were going to get along, sharing a cultural heritage but this quickly evaporated as contention grew over access to the Mississippi River. Both states wanted the river as theirs, and it is rumored that GLR agents in St. Louis aggravated the hostilities. The war lasted three years and ended in a bloody stalemate. The Texans won most of the land battles, but the Confederate Navy destroyed almost the entire Texas navy, aside from a few damaged ships that fled to neutral harbors in the Caribbean. A peace treaty was signed in the burned out wreckage of Vicksburg Mississippi. The Republic of Texas claimed all land up to the banks of the Mississippi river, while the Confederacy did the same to the opposite bank. The Confederacy gained the city of New Orleans, but lost the raft city of New NuOrleans and paid reparations to Texas for the near complete destruction of it's navy.
The treaty of Vicksburg was negotiated and signed by the President General of the Great Lakes Republic and also set the borders between the Great Lakes, Texas, and the Confederacy. This effectively ended almost a century of skirmishes across the American Great Plains between Texas and the GLR.
The Federation War
Not officially recognized by the Atlantic Federation, the Federation War is the name given by outsiders and conquered peoples to the rapid military expansion and consolidation of power that created the Atlantic Federation. Once the four powers of the Commonwealth of New England, the Great Lakes Republic, the Republic of Texas, and the Confederation of Southern States decided to stop fighting each other, they decided to fight everyone else. The first conquest was a political one, the Annexation of Canada, and creation of two Canadian states: Quebec and Ontario (or East and West Canada). Canada had remained relatively peaceful and had very few arcologies and no real history of raider violence. The Caribbean League organized to resist the nascent Federation, and was defeated. Mexico, a state in name only was taken piecemeal and added to the Federation warchest. The march south was only stopped in Panama by the formation of the United States of South America and their diplomatic envoys. The western European nations joined the Federation, and used the combined might of the new fleets and armies to solidify their own borders. This was important as arcano and hypertech had not spread through the Eurasian Alliance lands yet and there were riots, financial melt downs and human migration events occurring. The arcopolarity mindset didn't offer to share their technology, but instead decided to protect it, with giant robots and men in power armor suits and rail guns.
A History of Violence
If the American states had not spent over a generation fighting, the Second Renaissance would have been in full swing some argue 40 to 50 years sooner than it spread. The same is held for European powers who pioneered arcanotech parallel to hypertech. The history above is predominantly centered in North America, but similar scenarios played out in Europe (remembrances of Charlemagne, and the brief resurgence of the Russian Tsarists) and in China. The only modern state that didn't see some sort of brushfire internal war was Japan/Nippon, but that country, isolated by water, dealt with it's own repeated financial and economic boom and suicide cycle.
The Point
The arcology is in modern terms painted out as a utopian ideal, the blending of architecture and ecology, responsible living and a green footprint. In literature, it is either painted as the ivory tower, or a dystopian prison. In the Cosmic Era it was a hold out from the Petroleum Era, built in the same sense as the defensive castle. Those inside were safe and removed from those outside. Those who lived in the cities that clustered around the arcologies could benefit from the technology and discipline of the arcology, and provided a buffer between the arco and the fringe. While seen in rosy colored historical glasses, the arco created both the culture of militarism and advertising that permeates the Atlantic Federation.
Additional Ideas (1)
Like arcopolarity, there is metropolarity. The sense of civic pride has created large distinct populations that are attached to cities, neighborhoods, and areas. These share a common civic and cultural heritage and in many instances have become internally organized (a legacy of the dark age) and have provided their own services, such as hiring private police operations, or having a citizen supported Civic Guard service. The most notable examples are the former street gangs in cities like Los Angeles and New York creating their own communities. There are broad swaths of the City of Angels that are controlled by former street gangs that now elect officials, train police officers and provide other civic duties and services.
These organizations are grown from the ground up, are insular in nature, and are wary of outsiders. Sandwiched between the fringe and the arcology, sometimes these groups can be more hostile, feeling more threatened than their neighbors.
The police and law enforcement agents in the city of Compton are noted for their vivid blue uniforms and the consistent use of gothic lettering in their vehicles and building names. The officers are well respected in the community, are predominantly black, and where most police officers carry a riot stick or baton, the Compton Private Security carry a walking cane.
Suggested Submissions
- New NuOrleans Locations By: Scrasamax


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© 2016 - Summit Entertainment
Action/Adventure, Romance, Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Running Time: 121 min.
Release Date: March 18, 2016
DVD: July 12, 2016
Current rating:
based on 60 votes and 21 reviews
Rate Movie | Read all user reviews
Cast: Shailene Woodley, Theo James, Jeff Daniels, Miles Teller, Ansel Elgort, Zoë Kravitz, Maggie Q, Ray Stevenson, Mekhi Phifer, Daniel Dae Kim, Bill Skarsgård, Octavia Spencer, Naomi Watts
This week is jam-packed with movies that will get your heart pumping! Be sure to...
The four-pound bunny that propelled Zootopia to victory at the box office for an...
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With a few new releases to hit theaters this weekend, including would-be...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Sections In Wildfire Gas Fires
With Wildfire, you can change the complete look of a fire just by changing a trim or a fret or maybe both.
Wildfire Gas Fires
Wildfire heating products are committed to providing the highest quality heating products with a proven performance. An innovated range of gas fires have been tested to comply with the latest european standards and are manufactured in a ICO certificated factory. Wildfire products are guarantee for a period of 5 years from installation. Customer service staff are always on hand to help you with any query you may have with your product. Cliftons of Wrexham are a Wildfire Authorised service centre. The Wildfire gas fire product range includes many products which have been designed and approved with efficiency at their core. In a world where energy costs have soared we believe it is important to obtain the absolute maximum from your heating appliance. With this in mind you will find open-flues appliances with efficiencies among the highest in the UK marketplace today. So when you buy a Wildfire heating products, you can be confident that you will be installing a product that will deliver in all installation scenarios. Wildfire products are devoted to innovative design whilst maintaining maximum functionality. All wildfire slide control products feature the latest patent pending Direct slide technology. In our opinion WILDFIRE products will give the Larger well Known companies a run for their money. Choose Wildfire for style, performance, value and peace of mind.


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In the growing world of Object Oriented Programming, the ways that objects interact with each other involve directly working with several concepts that deserve an in-depth look, in order to take advantage of their power in real-world applications. Particularly when we're dealing with PHP, which is definitely an easy-to-grasp language compared to the harder learning curves of Java or C++ (among others), things are a lot more accessible, even if we go beyond the limits of working with procedural solutions.
At this point, most PHP users have already experienced the nice capabilities of PHP classes, by taking either the do-it-yourself road or reusing existing, well-trusted classes for managing larger projects. However, there are times where we need to work with several classes that require a strong interaction to efficiently accomplish a given set of tasks. So, this relationship immediately brings up a question: how do objects interact? Fortunately, the answer is quite straightforward, since this interaction can be defined within well-known OOP pillars.
The first trusted friend is inheritance, which offers a powerful mechanism for building class hierarchies, and allows us to address specific issues in a number of subclasses without the need to recreate the logic or functionality that already exists in the super class or parent class. That sounds very familiar, doesn't it?
The next big ally of inheritance is polymorphism, which is defined as the ability of different classes to behave differently for the same operation. In programming lingo, we can say that two or more classes are sharing the same interface. Probably its most common application is found within database abstraction classes, where we're using the same method (i.e. connect) for connecting to different databases systems.
So, that's all there is to know about object interaction? Well, not yet. Aside from inheritance and polymorphism, there are a couple of interesting ways to make objects interact. Maybe you've been working with an object that uses another object, right? Or perhaps worked with an object that creates another one? Sure! We're referring to the concepts of aggregation and composition. These two additional forms of object interaction are extremely useful, giving us undoubtedly strong foundations for deeply exploiting the power of object-oriented programming.
However, all of these things sound like a bunch of buzzwords, with no immediate use in Web applications, right? Well, not so fast. We have the power and need to use it. In this article, we'll introduce ourselves to the process of implementing aggregation in PHP, to help us learn more about the possible ways to make object interaction work for us. Let's get started.
{mospagebreak title=What is aggregation?}
In the context of object interaction, aggregation simply refers to a situation where one object is passed to another object to perform some operations or methods within the object that called it originally. Usually, the second object is passed to the first one as a parameter using one of its member methods.
The great benefit of this is that, with the second object living happily in the first one, it's possible to directly call its methods, allowing us to take advantage of its existing functionality, in order to fit the purposes of the first object.
In terms of practical application, aggregation is extremely important and powerful. After all, if I consider myself as an object A, which has a rather limited budget, but fortunately has a rich friend, that is, an object B, who is generously offering to me (at least temporarily) his credit cards, that is $B->offerCreditCards(), to buy that NAD state-of-the-art preamplifier, I'd feel very powerful!
If we talk about performance issues, the advantages of aggregation mainly come from its lower overload, since most of the time only one object is shared by other objects. However, this advantage might be discarded in the case of having a class for database connection shared by other multiple classes. You may run into difficulties if multiple database connections are established to the same server, causing a noticeable detriment to the system, particularly if your site is attracting many visitors.
Are you feeling as if it's a bit confusing to handle objects here and there? It's best to understand this by example. In the next section, we'll define two simple classes to illustrate the concept of aggregation in a practical sense.
{mospagebreak title=Applying aggregation in a practical manner: defining sample classes}
Let's define two basic classes and see how they can interact, in order to understand how aggregation works. First, we create a basic "arrayProcessor" class, which provides a common interface to perform regular array operations, instead of using the native PHP functions. Here is its definition:
class arrayProcessor{
var $data;
function arrayProcessor($data=array()){
(is_array($data))?$this->data=$data:die('Invalid parameter '.$data);
function getFirstElement(){
return reset($this->data);
function getCurrentElement(){
return current($this->data);
function getLastElement(){
return end($this->data);
function getPreviousElement(){
return prev($this->data);
function getNextElement(){
return next($this->data);
function reverseElements($prekeys=true){
return array_reverse($this->data,$prekeys);
function sortElements(){
return $this->data;
function getRange($offset,$length){
return array_slice($this->data,$offset,$length);
function getRandomElement(){
return $this->data[0];
function searchElement($keyword){
return array_search($keyword,$this->data);
function countElements(){
return count($this->data);
As you can see, our "arrayProcessor" class presents several clever methods for manipulating arrays for different purposes, and accepts only one parameter, $data, which is assigned a default array value. Also, I've defined the most common array operations (of course you can add your own), so each method is designed specifically to handle array elements in some manner. By simply instantiating an "arrayProcessor" object and utilizing its methods, we're able to move back and forward within the structure, reverse, sort and extract elements, and so forth.
If we take a moment and analyze the above defined class, it seems like we're implementing an already existing PHP functionality. Why go to the trouble of designing such a class, when we can directly use the native array functions? The truth is that we're providing a single interface to access array elements, focusing mainly on the handled data and hiding any internal processing from outside. That's what makes objects behave as "black boxes," and naturally "pluggable" block elements.
Okay, we were talking about object aggregation, right? So, we need to define the other sample class, to see in detail how both classes can work together. Therefore, the next step consists of defining the second class, which simply takes care of sending by email a hypothetical newsletter to several possible recipients. This newly created class, named "dataMailer" is defined as follows:
class dataMailer {
var $arrayProc;
var $subject;
var $message;
var $headers;
function dataMailer(&$arrayProc){
$this->subject='Object-Oriented PHP NewsLetter';
$this->message='Hi, this is the ultimate Object-Oriented PHP newsletter!';
$this->headers='MIME-Version: 1.0′."rn".'Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1′."rn";
function setSubject($subject){
function setMessage($message){
function setHeaders($headers){
function sendData($firstRecip,$numberRecip){
foreach($recipients as $recipient){
die('Failed to send mail to recipient :'.$recipient);
Because of its simplicity, the class is really easy to understand. But, let's take a detailed look at what it does, so that implementing its usage will be even clearer.
The class displays several data members that will be explained in turn. However, let's stop for a while at the first member, $arrayProc, because it's the key element for making this second class work. In this case, $arrayProc composes an instance of the "arrayProcessor" class, which is passed as the unique parameter to the constructor and assigned as a class property. Doing so, the "dataMailer" class is able to use all of the functional methods present in the first class.
This condition is better illustrated below, listing the class constructor:
function dataMailer(&$arrayProc){
$this->subject='Object-Oriented PHP NewsLetter';
$this->message='Hi, this is the ultimate Object-Oriented PHP newsletter!';
$this->headers='MIME-Version: 1.0′."rn".'Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1′."rn";
In this situation, "dataMailer" aggregates the "arrayProcessor" object, clearly showing aggregation's real power, since within the second class, we're accessing the methods provided by "arrayProcessor."
One point worth considering is that we're passing a reference of the instance of the first class (notice the usage of the & ampersand operator, preceding the object), something commonly used in this type of interaction.
Now, can you see the implicit possibilities that this object aggregation process offers to us? With such a powerful interaction, certainly we're able to implement a few classes, make them interact in this way, and build up well-defined structures for Web applications.
Once we've explained how an object aggregates another object, let's go back to the "dataMailer" class, to define the rest of the class data members. First we define the $subject property, that means the subject of the email message to be sent. Next, we have $message, which defines the body of the message, and finally $headers that, as the name clearly suggests, composes the MIME headers to be send along with the message. Simple and straightforward, yes?
However, we're just beginning to see the power of aggregation. Let's go deeper in the structure of our "dataMailer" class to see how it uses the functionality of "arrayProcessor." Keep reading.
{mospagebreak title=A closer look at aggregation: the boosted "dataMailer" class}
As we've seen previously, our "dataMailer" class establishes a well-defined object interaction by accepting one instance of "arrayProcesssor." Besides displaying the corresponding modifiers for $subject, $message and $headers, the class presents another method: "sendData()," which is the real workhorse of the class. This method simply obtains the email addresses of each recipient from an array structure (more about this in a moment), builds up the structure of the message, adds the proper subject and the message headers, and finally sends the newsletter to the given email addresses.
Here's where things get really exciting. Notice that this method accepts two parameters: $firstRecip and $numberRecips, respectively. Since we're obtaining email addresses from an array, the first argument represents the initial offset within the array, and the second means the numbers of email addresses extracted from it. But, how do we obtain this data? Well, if we have a look at the class code, we can see the following line:
As you can see, here we're using the "getRange()" method of the "arrayProcessor" class to retrieve a range of email addresses for sending the newsletter. In other words, we're taking advantage of the functionality that is generously offered by the "arrayProcessor" class, utilizing one of its methods for the specific purposes of the "dataMailer" class. Now, are you starting to see the great benefits of aggregation? I hope so!
The rest of the method is easy to follow. It simply iterates over the email addresses array and send the messages to the given recipients, like this:
foreach($recipients as $recipient){
die('Failed to send email to recipient :'.$recipient);
Definitely, through the usage of the first object within the environment of the second, we've boosted its functionality. Since the structure of the "dataMailer" class is easily expandable, we might want to change the "sendData()" method to send a message to a randomly chosen recipient. The newly rewritten method would look something like this:
function sendData(){
die('Failed to send mail to recipient :'.$recipient);
Wasn't that easy? This time we're using the "getRandomElement()" provided by our "arrayProcessor" object to randomly select a lucky recipient for newsletter. As you can see, there are many possible ways to exploit the awesome capabilities of aggregation in PHP. It's just a matter of putting a couple of classes to work and making them interact. It's really fun.
However, so far we've specifically focused our attention on the source code for our two brand new classes. It's time to show a concrete example to demonstrate the benefits of aggregation. So, let's jump right into the sample code.
{mospagebreak title=Aggregation in action: a concrete example}
Armed with the above defined classes, we'll demonstrate with a basic yet illustrative example how to implement aggregation. First, let's define a simple text file that stores the email addresses corresponding to our newsletter's subscribers. The "subscribers.dat" file would look as simple as follows:
It looks like we're not attracting many subscribers, but for the purposes of our example, this works. Okay, having defined our data file, let's email our visitors the newsletter:
// include the classes
require_once 'arrayprocessorclass.php';
require_once 'datamailerclass.php';
// read subscriber email addresses
// instantiate a new arrayProcessor object
$ap=&new arrayProcessor($data);
// instantiate a new dataMailer object and aggregate arrayProcessor object to dataMailer object
$dm=&new dataMailer($ap);
// send data to subscribers
With these few lines of code, we're sending our newsletter. Although the code is clear enough, let's explain its logic. As usual, we include the proper class files for object instantiation. Then, we read the email addresses from the text file previously created, storing them in the $data array:
The next task consists of instantiating the objects and perform the aggregation process, passing the "arrayProccessor" object to the constructor of "dataMailer," as indicated below:
// instantiate a new arrayProcessor object
$ap=&new arrayProcessor($data);
// instantiate a new dataMailer object and aggregate arrayProcessor object to dataMailer object
$dm=&new dataMailer($ap);
Lastly, we email the newsletter by using the "sendData()" method, specifying the starting point within the $data array, and the number of elements to be processed. In this case, we've decided to process all of the email addresses, passing the values 0 and 6 to the method, as follows:
If we ever wanted to send data to only the first three subscribers, the following expression should be used:
Despite the example's simplicity, it shows how easily object aggregation can be implemented. However, these are a just a few ideas to get you started. I'm pretty sure you can think up some more interesting examples to "aggregate" this functionality in your next project.
At this point, we have been exploring the arena of object interaction, digging into the concept of aggregation, as well as its possible uses in different scenarios. While the examples shown present a clear, easy-to-follow logic, they are fairly good to get you started on the subject with only minor hassles.
But, don't feel as if this is the end of the story. There are still more items to be reviewed. In the next part of this series, we'll implement aggregation in a rather more complex condition, to solve some frequent problems that most developers face on a regular basis, such as building up a paging class that aggregates a MySQL abstraction class. In the meantime, feel free to use the given classes and make them interact!


text:
It has been a busy harvest time at Petaluma's Internationale Instituto De Vino Wino!
The staff and officers worked around the clock to harvest the grapes from the solo vine. Afterwards, they had a little celebration–which, unfortunately, is still going on as this article is being written.
Celebration highlights…
- Many of the celebrants (including their parole officers) joined in singing several choruses of the Instituto's official vino song: We drink to make other people interesting.
- Restaurant Manager, Al Fresco and Food Director, Sushi Tira-Misu engaged in a serious debate (fueled by some of the Instituto's product) about the need to create an organic and exhaustive vision of the complexity of reality, born of philosophical and scientific studies, and translated into a narrative structure…with footnotes.
- A strenuous argument erupted when Treasurer, Minnie Da Moocher and Sumo Cum Laude "Big Fish" Sashimi (our bouncer) got into a heated discussion over…
…Se non e' vero e' ben trovato…
…Se non è puoi vero è essenzialmente vero…
Meanwhile, in the wine cellar, a Claret Kitty and friends had a party of their own…
(Graphic By Barbara Simpson)
- Jerry Attrick (Senior Citizen Wine Consultant) took a swing at Frank, the Chief Wino & Solo Vine Manager (not to mention, author of this blog) who was talking about Old Vines with Enchy Latta, Director of Catering. Jerry apparently thought Frank was talking about his legs.
- Frank left the party early, muttering something about the need to drink a real Petaluma wine instead of the fictional vino being consumed by the fictional wackos at the Instituto. He was observed carrying a bottle of Que Syra, a Petaluma Gap Artisan Syrah from the Rivetti Family Estate Vineyard… (Graphic courtesy of Frances Rivetti)
Upon advice of counsel, the rest of the event is better left unreported. I am authorized, however, to pass on the following…
Happy Thanksgiving from the officers & staff of the Internationale Instituto De Vino Wino–La Centre de l'Experience du Vin de Petaluma!
And, in case we don't recover in time…
Merry Christmas & Happy New Year
Chief Wino & Solo Vine Manager (We have only one vine)–Frank
First Secretary-Vinnie Parducci
Second Secretary- Guido Marcucci
Third Secretary-Gustav Von Da Vee
Treasurer-Minnie Da Moocher
Counsel–Horace Rumpole of Chateau Fleet Street Claret
Vat & Barrel Manager-Jay Gaulo
Restaurant Manager-Al Fresco
Food Director–Sushi Tira-Misu
Director, Financial Planning-Two Fingers (as in "a-one-a," "a-two-a") Sabastiani
Director of Protocol & Arbiter of Taste–Marthe Stuarda
Tour Director-Expresso Camino Freeway
Movie & Video Critic-Francois Fjord
Bouncer–Sumo Cum Laude "Big Fish" Sashimi
Chats du Vin Extraordinaire—Hannah Sue & Gracie Mae (The Claret Kitties)
Tristan E. Isolde-Director of Cheap & Trashy Personal Counseling
Enchy Latta—Director of Catering
Jerry Attrick–Senior Citizen Wine Consultant
"God in his greatness sent the grape to cheer both great and small. Little fools will drink too much and big fools none at all."


text:
Easy Iced Mocha Recipe
I'm a coffee lover. Most of the time I enjoy my coffee hot, but on hot spring or summer days, the last thing I want is a hot drink. So in order to satisfy my coffee craving without having to endure the heat, I often mix up a cold version of my favorite coffee drink.
This recipe is sure to hit your sweet coffee spot craving. It is a great recipe if you want to make a quick and easy rich, delicious coffee drink. So, the next time you get that contagious coffee itch, see if this recipe can scratch it.
Easy Iced Mocha
4 teaspoons instant coffee granules
1 cup boiling water
1 cup milk
4-6 teaspoons chocolate syrup
1/8 teaspoon vanilla
ice cubes
Stir instant coffee and water together in a pitcher until granules dissolve. Add the milk, chocolate syrup and vanilla to the coffee and whisk until well combined. Fill a glass 3/4 full with ice and pour mix over it. Top with whipped cream if desired.
Joy Larson is a mother of four boys, graduate of the University of Montana, animal lover and writer.


text: I know I have not posted in a while, but trust me, I've been baking! I just want to let you know that I am working on editing the site a little bit. Right now, I am working on my "recipes" page (see top of page) where you'll be able to find recipes that I have featured on my site. This only includes the recipes that are actually typed onto the site, and not the ones that are really pictures of recipes I scanned into my computer. (At least for right now.) I am looking into having my posts shorter, with the recipes on their own page, and you'll be able to get to the recipes either through the post, or through the recipe page. So, I promise I will update with the new things I've been baking shortly. But for now, browse the rest of the site, and check out the recipe page that I am working on! I, of course, really appreciate any thoughts/comments/questions/concerns you might have about the site (and/or otherwise! :o)


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MEDWAY, MA — The clouds may be lifting for Cybex International Inc., or so John Aglialoro indicated last month.
"It's a good feeling here that I haven't had in a few years in terms of the next four to eight quarters," the chairman and CEO of the Medway, MA-based company said in a call with shareholders and analysts detailing second quarter 2010 financials. "We'll see Cybex get its share of the pie."
Second quarter net sales were $27.7 million, with a net loss of $0.4 million, compared to the same period last year when the company reported $27.8 million in net sales. However, that's still down from second quarter 2008, when net sales were $33.1 million, and 2007, when net sales were $34.7 million.
But an apparent flattening is reason for optimism after two years of decreases due to a recession.
"There has been a couple of our competitors that have been out of the picture during the year, which gives us more to play with in the sand pile," Aglialoro said, although he did not name any specific manufacturers. "So having a few competitors not performing as well as they have a few years ago has helped."


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Three forces disrupting management | Opensource.com
Three forces disrupting management
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Most of the industrial pioneers who created "modern" management—individuals like Frederick Taylor, Frank Gilbreth, Henry Ford, Alfred Sloan, and Donaldson Brown—were born in the 19th century. These bold thinkers would no doubt be surprised to learn that their inventions, which included workflow optimization, variance analysis, capital budgeting, functional specialization, divisionalization, and project management, are still the cornerstones of large-scale management systems.
It is difficult for contemporary observers to appreciate the profound impact these revolutionary breakthroughs had on the organization of economic life in the early decades of America's industrial revolution. In 1890, nine out of ten white males worked for themselves, and the ones who didn't were referred to disparagingly as "wage slaves." At the time, the average manufacturing company had four employees, and few factories had more than 100 laborers. Yet within a generation, Ford Motor Company would be making half a million cars a year, Sears, Roebuck & Company would be operating a continental-scale distribution system, and US Steel would be able to boast of a billion-dollar market value.
This transition from an agrarian and craft-based society to an industrial economy required an epical re-socialization of the work force. Unruly and independent-minded farmers, artisans and day laborers had to be transformed into rule-following, forelock-tugging employees. And 100 years on, this work continues, with organizations around the world still working hard to strap rancorous and free-thinking human beings into the strait-jacket of institutionalized obedience, conformance, and discipline.
But now, for the first time since the early 20th century, we may be on the verge of another management revolution, and it may turn out to be just as unsettling as the one that spawned the industrial age. There are three forces at work that make such a metamorphosis likely; three discontinuities that may end management as we know it.
The first of these is a bundle of dramatic changes that have made the business environment substantially less forgiving. Companies around the world are struggling to cope with a wildly accelerating pace of change, an onslaught of new, ultra-low-cost competitors, the commoditization of knowledge, rapidly increasing customer power, and an ever-lengthening menu of social demands. Traditional management models that emphasize optimization over innovation and continuity over change simply can't cope with these unprecedented challenges.
The second driver is the invention of new, Web-based collaboration tools. For the first time in centuries, human beings have a new way of organizing themselves, via online, distributed networks. Markets and hierarchies, heretofore the two principle technologies for coordinating human effort, finally have a robust new competitor. In the coming decades, we can expect the Web to transform organizational life every bit as dramatically as it has already transformed life outside the workplace.
The third driver is the mash-up of new expectations that Generation Facebook will bring to work in the years ahead. If you're part of the first generation in history to have grown up on the Web, you don't think of the Internet as something "out there"—a tool you employ to reserve a hotel room, buy a book, or send a note to grandma. Rather, the Web is something you're perpetually in—as ubiquitous and transparent as water is to fish. As a child of the digital age, the Web is the operating system for your life, the indispensable and unremarkable means by which you learn, play, share, flirt, and connect.
Over the coming decades, these forces will mostly destroy management as we know it.
Readers, are there any other big trends that you think might compel a comprehensive overhaul of our legacy management practices? If so, please briefly describe these forces and the impact you believe they'll have on the way we lead, manage and structure our companies.
Note: This post was originally published as a Management 2.0 column in The Wall Street Journal in March 2009, then at the MIX.


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I am very happy to announce the Honeynet Project Forensic Challenge 2010. The purpose of the Forensic Challenges is to take learning one step farther. Instead of having the Honeynet Project analyze attacks and share their findings, Forensic Challenges give the security community the opportunity to analyze attacks and share their findings. In the end, individuals and organizations not only learn about threats, but also learn how to analyze them. Even better, individuals can access the write-ups from other individuals, and learn about new tools and techniques for analyzing attacks. Best of all, the attacks of the Forensic Challenge are attacks encountered in the wild, real hacks, provided by our members.
It has been several years since we provided Forensic Challenges and with the Forensic Challenge 2010, we will provide desperately needed upgrades. The Forensic Challenge 2010 will include a mixture of server-side attacks on the latest operating systems and services, attacks on client-side attacks that emerged in the past few years, attacks on VoiP systems, web applications, etc. At the end of challenge, we will provide a sample solution created by our members using the state-of-the-art tools that are publicly available, such as libemu and dionaea.
The first challenge (of several for 2010) will be posted on our Forensic Challenges web site on Monday, January 18th 2010. We will be open to submissions for about two weeks and announce the winners by February 15th 2010. This year, we will also award the top three submissions with prizes! Please check the web site on Monday, January 18th 2010 for further details...
Christian Seifert
Chief Communications Officer
The Honeynet Project
We are very excited to announce the publication of our first paper in the new Know Your Tools paper series: "KYT: use Picviz to find attacks" authored by Sebastien Tricaud from the French Chapter and Victor Amaducci from the University of Campinas.
The paper can be downloaded at Know Your Tools: use Picviz to find attacks.
Paper Abstract
Picviz is a parallel coordinates plotter which enables easy scripting from various input (tcpdump, syslog, iptables logs, apache logs, etc..) to visualize data and discover interesting aspects of that data quickly. Picviz uncovers previously hidden data that is difficult to identify with traditional analysis methods.
In the first paper of our new Know Your Tools series, Sebastien Tricaud from the French Honeynet Project Chapter and Victor Amaducci from the University of Campinas, focus on Picviz. After a brief overview on parallel coordinates, Picviz architecture, and installation procedure, three real-world examples are presented that illustrate how to identify attacks from large amounts of data: Picviz is used to analyze SSH logs, Apache access logs and network traffic. With these examples, it is demonstrated how Picviz can find attacks that previously have been hidden.
Recent additions to Picviz GUI have been made by Victor Amaducci under the mentorship of Sebastien Tricaud as part of the Google Summer of Code program 2009. The most recent version of Picviz is freely available for download from its project site at http://www.wallinfire.net/picviz and support can be sought from the Picviz mailing list at http://www.wallinfire.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/picviz..


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A close-knit ultra-Orthodox Jewish community in Brooklyn was plunged into a new round of mourning Monday by the death of a baby who was delivered by cesarean section after his parents were killed in a grisly hit-and-run crash a day earlier.
Police hunted for the suspected driver, identified as Julio Acevedo, saying he was barreling down a residential street in a BMW at 60 mph, or twice the speed limit, on Sunday morning when he collided with a car hired to take the couple to the hospital.
The death of the newborn on Monday piled tragedy upon tragedy and compounded the community's grief. The infant was expected to be buried near the fresh graves of his parents, Nachman and Raizy Glauber, both 21. About a thousand community members turned out for the young couple's funeral a day earlier.
"The mood in the neighborhood is very heavy," said Oscar Sabel, a retired printer who lives near the scene of the accident. "We all hoped the baby would survive."
Brooklyn is home to the largest community of ultra-Orthodox Jews outside Israel, more than 250,000. The couple married last year and were living in the Williamsburg neighborhood.
They were members of the Satmar Hasidic sect, whose men dress in dark coats and hats, wear long beards like their Eastern European ancestors and have limited dealings with the outside world. Raizy Glauber grew up in a prominent rabbinical family. Her husband was studying at a rabbinical college; his family founded a line of clothing for Orthodox Jews. (source)
Question for the religious people here: If it was God's will that these parents and their unborn baby die in a hit and run, how can we hold the driver responsible based on his free will?
Views: 864
Thanks John. I'm sure I'll take you up on that. I'm actually synthesizing a streamlined new religion by starting from a rational basis and then "as if by magic" the rest falls into place in a way identical with the moral and spiritual core of the existing religions. Because the basis is rational and clear, the rest can be de-mystified too. I'm looking for a couple of heavy-duty philosophers to help me crank through all the consequences and ask the right questions. Also, a crew of contributors who just have something to say. After that, if we've done it right, it should take off. I want to include the issues of women's rights, sexual repression and misusing religion for the purpose of subjugation, because these are important moral concerns. And after all, these are things we all rightly complain about in the existing religions.
Part of peoples' reluctance to participate is that you insist on calling your new system a "religion" when it isn't. (It irritates us profoundly when theists insist atheism is just another religion, and here you go agreeing with them.) IYour system is meant to compete with them but is not itself one.
I 'want to think', that atheism is 'more valid' than theism, but it is unclear if our confidence in 'logic', 'evidence', and 'process', can be validated. I think that both systems can suffer from Gogel's Incompletness, and a possible tendency to suggest that some questions are considered 'settled'.
I expect that the list of 'settled' questions in atheism is significantly smaller than in theism, but it is possible that some answers will remain 'outside' each system of thought. What questions atheists might ask, may be controled by group expectations or the language we use. I expect that theists suffer from a similar condition. Sadly, I can at this moment, only write in generalities....
I'm sorry, I just wonder why you feel this is needed. Is it that you'd like to have a way to forced morality on people who deny there's any sort of basis for it?
It also shows up the limits of what religion might achieve.
What is the biblical reference supporting your view? or is this a later accretion by theologians without any biblical support?
I read that and can only wonder why someone would adhere to a religion that's of little use in terms of achieving salvation and in which we are all nothing but God's puppets.
I remember a little question I wrote on an 'intended for student use' white board in HS: "So if I go to heaven as one of God's elect, sit at the right hand of the father with all the rest, and sit all spell bound by God's greatness, what are we going to talk about? Seems like the other place might be more interesting."
If I were a religious person I wouldn't touch this question with a 10 foot holy staff.


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Felony Charge Dismissed Against Boogaard's Brother
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) - A Minnesota judge has dismissed a felony charge against the brother of hockey enforcer Derek Boogaard in the player's overdose death earlier this year.
Aaron Boogard was accused of giving his brother an oxycodone pill at the start of a night of partying that led to Boogaard's death May 13 at age 28. Aaron Boogaard was charged with unlawful distribution of a controlled substance.
Hennepin County District Judge William Howard tossed out that charge on Thursday. He said the facts of the case didn't support the charge.
Aaron Boogard still faces a misdemeanor charge for allegedly flushing evidence down a toilet.


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The corn harvest in our community was the best ever. The local elevator has a corn pile of over 300,000 bushels on the ground. The bean harvest here wasn't that great. My average was just a little over 50 bu/acre.
In Ohio around 30,000 additional acres were farmed in 2013. Around 10,000 were acres taken out of CRP and the rest were acres taken out of pasture. It was depressing to read about pasture acres being farmed in Iowa that were highly erodible ground. The Associated Press article said that ethanol production was having a negative environmental impact because of the sensitive acres being brought into corn production. In my neighborhood people are knocking out fencerows and hacking away at the edges of woods to obtain more farmable ground. I've read that someone bought a golf course and turned it into farm ground and someone plowed up an old cemetery. Both were in the Midwest.
I've taken several trips across the state of Ohio this year. It's been interesting to see changes in the countryside. Some farms that never seem to show any improvement have put up new bins and have some new equipment sitting around. I've never seen more barns being built. It's partly because of the windstorm we had in Ohio in 2012 that damaged a lot of the old barns and partly because people just have more machinery and more things in general to store.
I will plant some sandy fields to Liberty Link soybeans in 2014 because that seems to be where the worst marestail problems are. I rented a Case IH 330 disc and lightly went over most of my corn stubble ground to knock out small marestail that emerged this fall. Some neighbors both sprayed and disced their ground and others chiseled it to kill marestail.
Like what you're reading? Subscribe to Farm Industry News Now e-newsletter to get the latest news and more straight to your inbox twice weekly.


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However, not all business intelligence software is created equally and finding the most optimal solution for you can sometimes be a long and annoying process of trial and error. To make this easier for you we've rounded up seven of the best business intelligence tools with free trials.
Hopefully, this will make the testing process easier and give you the chance to gain more exposure to the best online business intelligence options. Read on to find out more!


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@Cintia, I love it!
Looking for collaborators
@Laura, here is the URL for them: http://www.inapl.org/
I know the farm has been cleared of animals but in many cases, the animals just went to some fostering situations. You could definitely contact them to see if they need a more permanent situation for any of the fowl.
Count me in! tghjlw @ gmail . com
Okay, I think I have emailed everyone who gave me an email address... I also posted on my blog: http://mollyscraps4you.blogspot.com/2013/04/talk-to-animals-charity-collab-palette.html
I can't participate, as I have a bazillion other things I'm working on, but definitely let us know when it's ready and I'll blog and Facebook it!
I'd love to participate, I'm vegan and love animal causes! But I'm pretty crunched for time and have several other design projects I'm working on.
What I can do, however, if there's a way to make the timing work out, is make a nice big set of journal cards (8? 10? 12? when does it get to be too much?) if I have access to the papers that other designers have designed. I have a special way I do journal cards that makes them relatively quick for me to make and I love making them!
So it's like a quickpage (in that it's an add-on using other peoples' designs from the collab) but instead it will be a set of journal cards.
@Molly, I'll send you an email as well to see if this is something you think will be possible, given the timing you're looking at.
@Violet... I think we connected by email but I am a bit fuzzy this morning so I am responding here just in case...
That would be great! I still have some submissions coming but I will let you know when I have everything!
Hi all- just a reminder- today is the deadline for your contributions. Thank you to all who have already sent them!
My email again in case you need it is mollyharbridge @ me dot com
Molly: I will CT for you if you want and help to spread the word anyway. I can also make some clusters, or QPs. Just send me an e-mail for loriensworkshop at gmail.com telling what you need...
Are we supposed to be posting previews here? I can't wait to see what everyone made!
what an awesome French Bulldog Heather
So I need to change my preview.... one of my friends pointed out that it looks like the llama is farting out the thought bubble, lol!!! I cannot look at the preview without giggling now.
Thanks Lorien!
ROTFL! I haven´t realised that, but it´s true.
Its totally true, lol! I am always terrible at previews, but that one was a new low for me. Hoping this is better...
sorry, but I can´t help to think about farting lhama now :p But probably for the ones who didn´t see this topic, there is no problem LOL
that was hillarious!!! a llama who farts dog bones! ;-D {if my momma saw this i'd get smacked for using the "F" word... LoL}
Yeah, I love the llama... but now he will always be the farting llama for me, lol!!!
For me too... And guess what? I showed your post to your fan #2 (a.k.a my husband) and he laughed so so much!
ROFLOL, oh I just HAVE to make a layout with a farting lama now! Just need to figure out what photo to use
That was so funny! I didn't see that the llama was passing gas because the dog was so awesome! Thank you for the laughter.
I'm glad he got a laugh out of my pitiful preview, Lorien! LOL, Melouise!!!! I would love to see that layout! Glad I gave you a giggle, Lou Anne, and thanks! I am quite proud of the dog!
I am so glad I came to the thread... I almost forgot to chnage out your preview Heather! Don't worry, it is updated now.
I am working on a big preview right now... it has turned into a real challenge for me.
@Lorien- I've sent you an email...
Aww man, I bet its a challenge Molly! Its hard enough fitting everything in a preview with a regular sized kit! I don't envy you that job!
@Molly: I saw your mail just now, I was without internet last evening. Let´s see if I still have time to help
The preview is great
Molly, I just sent you an e-mail.


text: Sijun Forums :: View topic - dhabih.. Log in to check your private messages Sijun Forums Forum Index >> Archive : Sep99 - Dec00 View previous topic :: View next topic Author Topic : "dhabih.." Riskjunior memberMember #Joined: 26 Oct 1999Posts: 21Location: Colleyville,TX,USA Posted: Tue Oct 26, 1999 7:35 pm hey dhab...you kept saying earlier youd be putting out a new tutorial...and said soon or something..could you give us a date, or a week, or something??? Thanks Laks Back to top DhabihAdministratorMember #Joined: 13 Sep 1999Posts: 530Location: Kirkland, WA, U.S.A. Posted: Tue Oct 26, 1999 11:44 pm I can't give a date because i'm not good at keeping homepage deadlines since i never know what else will be going on in life. I will say its not real soon, so dont check every day....maybe a month....but even still, that may slip. so dont quote me on that. and if you do, i'll slap you. "when its done" is the term, i believe... Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Sijun Forums Forum Index -> Archive : Sep99 - Dec00 All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Digital Art----------------Digital Art DiscussionWork in ProgressGallery/Finished Work Miscellaneous----------------Random MusingsArchive : Sep99 - Dec00 You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Powered by phpBB © 2005 phpBB Group


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By Jack King
Clarence Earl Gideon was not well-educated, but he was far from dumb or ignorant. A benign sort of career criminal (according to relatives, he just had a problem with stealing),1 more of his arrests ended with dismissals or acquittals than convictions. But where would a man with such extensive experience with the criminal justice system in several states have come by an abiding conviction - for lack of a better word - that due process requires the court to appoint a lawyer to represent any criminal defendant who cannot afford one? Gideon asserted that right in open court on August 4, 1961, when he was put on trial for breaking and entering the Bay Harbor Pool Hall in Panama City, Fla. Forced to represent himself, he still pled not guilty and tried his best to defend himself. He was convicted. Gideon was stubborn, and felt he had been gravely wronged by the state of Florida, and he would not give up.
Born august 30, 1910, in Hannibal, MO., Gideon had been in and out of prisons since he was 16. His father, a shoemaker, died when he was three, and his mother remarried. Gideon and his stepfather did not get along, and he ran away from home at age 14, "accept[ing] the life of a hobo and tramp," making his way as far as California before returning to Missouri about a year later.2
Gideon's mother introduced him to incarceration shortly after his return. "When [sic] to my mother's brother and started living with him until my mother found out where I was at and she came and got me. Had me place in the jail at Hannibal which I excaped from the next day[.]" It was cold, and Gideon broke into a country store and stole some clothes. The store's owner caught him wearing the clothes the same day. This time, Gideon wrote, "My mother ask the court to send me to the reformatory which they did for a term of three years."3
"Off all the prisons I have been in that was the worst I still have scar on my body from the whippings I received there anyway I was paroled after a year. I was then sixteen years old," he wrote.4 He got a job in a shoe factory soon after his release and married.
Gideon and his first wife managed to get along on his $25 a week, but when he found himself out of work at 18, he had his first serious run-in with the law when he was arrested after a one-man crime spree in his home state. A lawyer was appointed to represent him.
"I got without a job and I committed some crimes in 1928. I was caught and thru a court appointed attorney was sentenced to the Missouri Prison for ten years for robbery with three sentences of Burglary and larcney [larceny] running concurrently."5 He was paroled three years and four months later. That early experience probably helped cement his lifelong belief that due process required a lawyer for every man haled into court, rich or poor.
Gideon had at least four felony convictions and a host of minor infractions and arrests on his record. He spent more than half of the next two decades behind bars, but he was also something of an escape artist. The first time he was locked up, at age 15, he escaped from the Hannibal jail. In 1934, he was convicted of theft of U.S. government property and conspiracy and sentenced to three years in Fort Leavenworth, where he was assigned to the shoe factory. In 1939, he was arrested on an unknown charge and again escaped from jail before trial. In 1940, he was convicted of burglary and larceny and sentenced as a repeat offender. In 1943, he escaped from prison and went to work on the Southern Pacific Railroad as a brakeman, using an assumed name and forged Selective Service card. The following year he was arrested on a tip, convicted of escape, and imprisoned until January 1950. In 1951, he was convicted of an unspecified crime in Texas and served 13 months.6
In most of the prisons in which Gideon had done time, prisoners routinely filed appeals and petitions claiming, per Betts v. Brady,7 that the trial court had erred in failing to find "special circumstances" - such as illiteracy, youth, mental defect - which would have entitled them to court-appointed counsel. Gideon's petition did not. Betts notwithstanding, Gideon simply asserted that, as a poor man, he was entitled to a lawyer, just like anybody else. The record of his 1961 trial for breaking and entering the Bay Harbor Pool Hall shows that his assertion of that right was absolute, if unfounded in law:
The Defendant: Your Honor, I said: I request this court to appoint Counsel to represent me in this trial.
The Court: Mr. Gideon, I am sorry, but I cannot appoint Counsel to represent you in this case. Under the laws of the state of Florida, the only time the Court can appoint Counsel to represent a Defendant is when that person is charged with a capital offense. I am sorry, but I will have to deny your request to appoint Counsel to represent you in this case.
The Defendant: The United States Supreme Court says I am entitled to be represented by Counsel.8
Gideon, of course, was mistaken, but so was the judge. Florida law after Betts gave trial judges considerable discretion in appointment of counsel for defendants, and in some circuit courts appointment was fairly routine for serious felonies.
By now practically a "professional defendant," Gideon appealed his conviction to the Florida Supreme Court on the ground that he was denied counsel and due process of law. The court turned down his petition.
Prof. Bruce Jacob, who argued Gideon on behalf of the state of Florida, postulates that a fellow prisoner may have assisted Gideon with his petition. Gideon's cellmate was a former Palm Beach lawyer and municipal judge named Joseph A. Peel Jr., who was convicted of murdering a rival judge and his wife.9 Jacob's source for that interesting tidbit was none other than his friend and colleague W. Fred Turner, the able attorney who represented Gideon at his retrial. In a 2003 law review article, Jacob wrote, "According to Turner, Peel, Gideon's cellmate, stood over his shoulder as Gideon wrote and told him what to say."10
"Peel was a murder er, but he had also been a lawyer. If Turner is right - that Peel helped Gideon with his petition - this might explain why no special circumstance was alleged," Jacob speculated.
[A] lawyer such as Peel would have understood that the Supreme Court was on the verge of overruling Betts and that the perfect mechanism to enable them to do this would be a petition for habeas alleging no special circumstances, a denial by state courts, and then a petition for certiorari alleging a denial of the right to counsel, but not alleging any special circumstances. Also, a lawyer would have been aware that Gideon lost nothing by "shooting for the moon" in this attempt.11
Ironically, it would appear that Gideon had already given up his life of crime, if not his gambling and his drinking, by the time he was arrested for the break-in at the Bay Harbor Pool Hall. His arrest record notwithstanding, his last official conviction was in 1951. After the Bay Harbor poolroom case, he married for the fourth time and finally settled down to a quiet life of odd jobs and pumping gas.
Gideon died of cancer in Florida on January 18, 1972. He was only 61 years old.
His family brought his body back to Hannibal, and buried him in an unmarked grave, a few feet from his natural father, Charles Roscoe Gideon.
In November 1984, the American Civil Liberties Union placed a granite headstone on his grave.12 The stone quotes a line from the last paragraph of Gideon's November 1962 letter to Abe Fortas: "I believe that each era finds an improvement in law for the benefit of mankind."13
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Last Updated: Andrew Samuel Friedman, 6/2017
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This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF Award #1056580 (2012-2014) through an NSF Science, Technology, and Society Postdoctoral Fellowship at MIT and the NSF INSPIRE program via NSF Award #1541160 (2015-2019).
Original animations are shared under a
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Kitchen Remodeling Contractors Northern VA
Few spaces in your home are as important as the kitchen. Aside from being a primary gathering place for friends and family, the kitchen is a place to relax- by cooking or by eating. An inefficient, dilapidated, or out-of date kitchen can be both an eyesore and inconvenience. Updating counter tops, cabinets, appliances, flooring, lighting, and more can dramatically improve a space aesthetically and practically! We are dedicated to helping your ideal kitchen become a reality. Whether you need more space, a total overhaul, or a face lift, we can tackle the job. Luxury kitchen remodeling is our specialty, and our passion.
Most Northern Virginia homeowners have an aging property. These houses are often in need of updates, and they tend to happen one at a time. New windows and doors, re-roofing, finishing the basement, bathroom remodeling, and kitchen remodeling are all popular projects in Northern Virginia. Luxury kitchens are among the most popular because of the sheer impact that these improvements can have on families' day to day lives. If you're looking for luxury kitchen remodeling contractors in Northern VA, make sure to contact us today for your free consultation. An Oak Hill representative will sit down with you to discuss your ideal kitchen, and help you create a budget and time frame, and answer any questions you might have.


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Here you will find the best contemporary Creole Cuisine that the New Orleans French Quarter has to offer!
Intimate dining off the beaten path just one block from the world famous Bourbon Street at the corner of Dauphine and Conti.
Chef Mars and his attentive staff give you a taste of local hospitality with bold New Orleans� flavors and Chef�s creative touches in a cozy candle lit atmosphere.
An innovative yet classic menu evolves nightly, incorporating traditional delights such as duck, crab, shrimp, chicken and pork in creative and unique recipes. The eclectic menu explores new dimensions of the Creole palate, culminating with Chef Mars� Feed Me® - a must try! The a� la minute freestyle tasting features fresh Louisiana meats, fantastic local seafood, seasonal fruits and vegetables. It gives Chef the opportunity to showcase his latest ideas and innovations! He even stops by your table to present his creations.
WGNO-26 ABC News visits the Bistro
Click here to see their report
Louisiana Bistro has been rated the Number 1 restaurant in New Orleans by Trip Advisor! We worked hard to gain this recognition and are very proud of it. Click here to go to our reviews page and see what our customers have to say about us!.


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You are now leaving The United States of America Vietnam War Commemoration web site and are linking to another site that is not operated by the United States Department of Defense. The Department of Defense does not endorse this web site or the information, products, or services contained therein. The Department of Defense does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at other web sites.
Governor Walker and Wisconsin Department of Veterans Affairs Secretary John Scocos kicked off the 50th Anniversary celebration in Wisconsin.
MADISON – As part of Vietnam Veterans Day in Wisconsin, Wisconsin Department of Veterans Affairs (WDVA) Secretary John A. Scocos along with Governor Scott Walker today kicked off the Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the Vietnam War at a ceremony with Vietnam veterans at the Capitol.
"The history of the Vietnam War is one we must never forget and we must heed the lessons we learned there," WDVA Secretary Scocos said. "Vietnam Veterans Day is a day to remember the scars of battle. It reminds us to thank our military personnel for putting themselves in harms way and for the pain and suffering they may have endured. It reminds us to think of the families of these men and women, their worry and anguish, and be grateful for their sacrifice. And it reminds us to remember those still missing and unaccounted for."
Governor Scott Walker proclaimed March 29, 2013 as "Vietnam Veterans Day" in Wisconsin. At a ceremony today, the Governor presented his proclamation to Richard Lindbeck, President of the Vietnam Veterans of America Wisconsin State Council, who accepted it on behalf of all of Wisconsin's Vietnam veterans.
"Today, on behalf of all Wisconsinites, we remember those who served in the Vietnam War," said Governor Scott Walker. "As we continue to move forward it's important to take time to honor those who fought hard for the freedoms we enjoy today."
More than 165,000 Wisconsinites served in Vietnam, with 1,239 paying the ultimate sacrifice. With about 135,000, Vietnam veterans are the largest group of living veterans in Wisconsin.
President Barack Obama has proclaimed May 28, 2012 through November 11, 2025 as the Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the Vietnam War. The President is calling all to honor Vietnam veterans, the fallen, the wounded, those unaccounted for, former prisoners of war, their families and all who served.
The Wisconsin Department of Veterans Affairs has joined the Vietnam War Commemoration as a commemorative chair. The Commemorative Partner Program is designed for federal, state, and local communities, as well as veterans' organizations and nongovernmental organizations to assist in thanking and honoring our nation's Vietnam veterans with dignified, memorable events to pay tribute to all veterans. The focus of Wisconsin's participation in the program will be to honor Vietnam veterans with events at the hometown level, as close as possible to the veterans and their families.
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NM Tech Professor Ghosh Awarded Patent
by Tiffany Chisum
SOCORRO, N.M., Aug. 17, 2007 – New Mexico Tech Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering Ashok Kumar Ghosh has been awarded a patent from India for his invention of "Layered Insulating Building Blocks (LIBB)."
Ghosh, who also is an adjunct faculty member with Tech's Department of Civil Engineering, is the sole inventor of the insulating building blocks.
LIBBs utilize a type of heat storage known as "sensitive heat storage." The primary advantages of using this particular thermal storage method are availability and low cost.
LIBBs consist of three layers, with the middle layer being engineered based on the block's intended end applications.
The outside layer of the LIBB is engineered and designed to absorb the maximum possible heat from the sun's solar radiation during the day. The solar radiation is then absorbed into the middle layer, where it is stored as sensitive heat. The stored heat can then be transferred by conduction through the wall and by radiation and convection through space — basically, the heat is then released slowly through the other side of the brick as the outside temperature starts to drop.
Ghosh explains, "The block acts like a passive thermal storage, which, when used in walls, can create a smoother internal environment with fewer fluctuations.
"Another way of explaining it," he says, "is like a voltage stabilizer that one uses for safeguarding their computer from voltage spikes/surges."
LIBBs are another step toward reducing energy consumption and cost for space heating and cooling, the New Mexico Tech researcher says.
Ghosh adds, "Homes built with LIBBs can prove to be very efficient in terms of keeping the inside temperature relatively lower than the outside during a sunny summer day and can keep heat longer while the temperature outside drops, which, of course, would be the case during summers in the desert of New Mexico."
The LIBB patent has been awarded to Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Kharagpur, where Ghosh was a faculty member for more than 10 years prior to teaching at the University of New Mexico, and, then coming to New Mexico Tech. Ghosh explains that IIT is an institute of international repute — "similar," he says, "to MIT." While the patent holder is IIT, Ghosh is the sole inventor listed on the patent.
Patent laws prevent Ghosh and IIT from filing for LIBB patents anywhere else — the one–year time frame has long since passed. However, Ghosh says that he will shortly be filing for a U.S. patent for another of his inventions which he chooses not to divulge at this time.
Ghosh's most recent research work is in 'biomechanics," or the mechanics of natural structures. He also is in the process of improving LIBBs and developing an applicable product for New Mexico.
Ghosh relates, "Let us all look to Nature to try to understand how it can serve as a guide to determine the appropriateness of our innovations in terms of durability, performance, and compatibility."


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Women in Gaza held a peaceful demonstration for unity yesterday - and Hamas police, including policewomen, came in to break it up by hitting them with sticks.
The women represented a number of factions, including Fatah, the DFLP, and the PFLP.
One women and one man ended up in the hospital.
Hamas says they will hold an investigation into the matter.
Tuesday, November 06, 2012
- Tuesday, November 06, 2012
- Elder of Ziyon


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As everyone gears up for the new year, they are making their lists of resolutions and checking them twice. [Or maybe that's Santa...] I, however, am simply plodding along with what have always been my goals, my resolutions ~ to find my family story. That's broad, I know. I mean, am I talking about the everyday adventures of my family? What we did last week, last year? Or maybe what we'll be doing next month? Perhaps I'm talking about my parents, my siblings, and the like. Or maybe even my 2nd great grandmother, Catherine Caroline Vaughn. [I love her middle name. ;) ] Could I possibly be talking about my plastic tub full of old family photos ~ too many of them unidentified? Or maybe I'm talking about the new distant cousin I found. Or quite possibly I'm talking about finding who originally owned a Victorian family album that's currently in my possession.
The Past Meets the Future in the Present
Well, don't worry I can tell you what I'm talking about [at least, on this subject]. I'm talking about all of the above. This is why there is such a variety here on my blog, Family Stories. Sometimes I talk about my kids. Sometimes I talk about family things we're going to do next week. Sometimes I talk about things that happened when I grew up. Other times it's about my relatives that I did know, but are gone now. About things that happened to them and were told to me by them, by someone else, or I've been able to find their story. Maybe I just have a photo of them, and I've looked up the rest. Perhaps I've taken a photo of their tombstone, or their house they once lived in. Other times, I'm talking about people that I've never met, may never have seen, but I know we're related. Take for instance, my current ongoing investigation of my Paw Paw's brother's murder as well as the murder of his four children in 1957. Why were they murdered? Sometimes our stories even collide. For example, every time we visit the Battleship Texas, my kids are walking on a ship an ancestor fought on in World War II. My kids' present meeting the past. An ancestor's past present meeting the future. It's all intertwined. [Who needs movies like Back To The Future, hm?]
I'm Gonna Find Out Every Last Detail That I Can
I know they are all my family. I know they are all mine. They are all from whom I come from. They are all my roots. And I want to know them all. Each and every last one of them. I want to know the who, the what, the when, the where, the why, and the how. For to know them and their story is to know me and my story.
I want to know their family story.
I want to know my family story.
What's yours?


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Although garlic has been traditionally used for over 5,000 years, most scientific significance has just been developed in the past 50 years. The key compounds in garlic and its preparations include the following phytochemicals.
Sulfur-containing compounds
Recently, researchers have been focusing on the benefits of a variety of sulfur-containing compounds in garlic instead of allicin. These are classified as oil- and water-soluble compounds. Oil-soluble compounds include sulfides, such as diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl trisulfide and allyl methyl trisulfide, dithiins, and ajoene. Water-soluble compounds include cysteine derivatives, such as S-allyl cysteine (SAC), S-allyl mercaptocysteine (SAMC) and S-methyl cysteine, and gamma-glutamyl cysteine derivatives. Oil-soluble sulfur compounds are odorous, whereas water-soluble compounds are odorless. Moreover, water-soluble compounds are more stable and safer than oil-soluble compounds (1).
Non-sulfur compounds
Garlic was also found to contain unique non-sulfur compounds, such as allixin and saponins and recent studies have revealed the important contribution of these compounds to garlic's health benefits (2-4).
Classification of Garlic Products on the Market
Unlike most foods, food-processing does miraculous things to garlic. It triggers the formation of a cascade of compounds that do not already exist in raw garlic. Therefore, processing is the key to increasing the benefits of garlic and to decreasing or eliminating its toxic effects. A variety of sulfur-containing compounds formed through chemical and biological reactions, in addition to non-sulfur compounds, work synergistically (and/or antagonistically) in their contribution to the benefits of garlic internally. Based on their chemical constituents, all garlic products on the market today could be placed in one of the following three categories:
Garlic Oils: These products offer minute amounts of garlic essential oil in a large amount of vegetable oil. They often express their "potencies" in theoretical amounts of raw garlic used to obtain the distilled garlic oil. There is no scientific data to show that the oil fraction represents all of the benefits of garlic. Garlic essential oil, which mainly contains several sulfides, is also the most potent source of garlic odor and causes body odor. In addition, garlic oils do not contain any of the important water-soluble compounds.
Garlic Powders: Chemically, there is almost no difference between the garlic flavoring powders sold at grocery stores and the garlic supplements made of garlic powder and then sold at health food stores. Often these manufacturers claim that their products deliver allicin into the body. Though no garlic supplement can contain allicin due to its instability and high reactivity, some garlic powder products contain alliin and the enzyme, alliinase, and, therefore, can produce allicin with the addition of water in a test tube (the so-called "allicin potential"). However, allicin potential is an empty promise. The environments in a test tube and in our body are totally different and there is no scientific evidence to support the idea that allicin can be produced in the stomach. Furthermore, garlic powder contains only a residual amount of the alliin found in raw garlic, i.e., more than half of the alliin is lost during the manufacturing process.
Garlic Oil Macerates: There are two types of oil macerate products on the market and both are packaged in soft gel capsules. One is made by simply mixing a garlic flavoring powder with vegetable oil. It's constituents are almost the same as the capsule and tablet forms of garlic powder. Another one is made by grounding raw garlic in vegetable oils. Since this type of product contains oil-soluble compounds (allicin break down products) and leftover alliin, it has a strong garlic odor. Both products are rich in fat -the major component being vegetable oil. Thus, they are not suitable for use as daily supplements.
Aged Garlic Extract: Scientifically Supported Traditional Use of Garlic
Garlic has been one of the most popular condiments. Garlic has also acquired a world-wide reputation in folklore including ancient civilizations, such as Egypt, Greece, Rome, Northern Europe, and China.
Historical and Traditional Use of Garlic
Condiment/flavoring preparations: With little effort, you can find numerous recipes calling for garlic as a condiment/flavoring. Most of these recipes require some method of processing and/or cooking. Boiling and baking, and also very simple processes, such as slicing, chopping, or grinding raw garlic, initiate many chemical reactions within the garlic and result in completely different chemical constituents compared to those originally found in the whole raw garlic cloves. Salubrious/Salutary preparations Preparation of garlic for beneficial use can be classified into the following two categories: 1. Topical/external use: Ground or sliced raw garlic cloves applied directly onto wounds or injuries. Used in this way, allicin, produced enzymatically from alliin, may play an important role in killing bacteria to prevent infections. However, allicin may also destroy tissues on contact, as previously mentioned, thus limiting the utility of its anti-bacterial properties and making it inappropriate for internal consumption. 2. Internal use: A number of recipes for the preparation of garlic for internal use are shown in the historical herbal books published in Europe, China and India. All of these recipes include some type of processing, such as boiling, baking, pickling or aging of raw garlic. In the Orient, aging is the unique and traditional method used to increase the benefits of herbs and to decrease or eliminate any toxicity. Hundreds of sulfur-containing compounds and unique amino acid derivatives formed through chemical and biological reactions, in addition to the non-sulfur compounds, contribute to the benefits of the internal use of garlic.
Recent scientific findings
Recent scientific findings have given validity to these traditional methods for preparing garlic. It is well-known that garlic cloves contain alliin and the enzyme, alliinase. Cutting or crushing garlic cloves activates alliinase, which catalyzes the reaction that converts alliin to allicin. However, allicin is an odorous, highly unstable and reactive/oxidative compound which readily decomposes to other sulfur-containing compounds (5, 6). Therefore, raw garlic and related preparations are chemically unstable and have been known to cause side effects, such as stomach disorders and allergic reactions when taken internally (7, 8). Thus, such preparations would be of limited application. Furthermore, since lack of bioavailability of allicin has been shown, garlic preparations containing allicin can be useful only for external application. On the other hand, processed garlic is rich in a variety of sulfur-containing compounds which may act synergistically or antagonistically to provide the benefits of garlic. Since these preparations contain little or none of the harsh and irritating compounds in raw garlic, they would cause less undesirable effects when consumed internally.
Aged Garlic Extract
A garlic extract, called Aged Garlic Extract, has been developed based on the traditional usage of garlic. Instead of using heat, Aged Garlic Extract is aged naturally for 20 months. The unique natural aging process adds greatly to the value of garlic:
Natural Aging-Bioconversion Pathway: This pathway leads both water- and oil-soluble sulfur compounds, mainly water-soluble. During the natural aging, the harsh and irritating compounds in raw garlic are converted mild, stable, safe and beneficial compounds.
Cell Rupture-Allicin Decomposition Pathway: When garlic is cut or crushed, alliin is enzymatically converted into allicin. Allicin is highly unstable and rapidly decomposes under uncontrollable chemical reactions to produce odorous oil-soluble sulfur compounds.
Volume II References
1. Imada O. Toxicity Aspect of Garlic. In abstract of the First World Congress on the Health Significance of Garlic and Garlic Constituents, p. 47, 1990.
2. Matsuura H., Ushiroguchi T., Itakura Y. et al. L. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36: 3659-3663, 1988.
3. Nishino H., Nishino A., Takayasu J. et al. Cancer J., 3: 20-21, 1990.
4. Yamasaki T., Teel R.W. and Lau B.H.S. Cancer Let. 59: 89-94, 1991.
5. Block E. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 31: 1135-1178, 1992.
6. Yu T-H. and Wu C-M. J. Food Sci., 54: 977-981, 1989.
7. Nakagawa S., Masamoto K., Sumiyoshi H. et al. J. Toxicol Sci. 5: 91-112, 1980.
8. Lybarger J.A., Gallagher J.S., Pulver D.W. et al. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 69: 448-454, 1982.