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Psychomotor learning
Psychomotor learning, development of organized patterns of muscular activities guided by signals from the environment. Behavioral examples include driving a car and eye-hand coordination tasks such as sewing, throwing a ball, typing, operating a lathe, and playing a trombone. Also called sensorimotor and perceptual-motor skills, they are studied as special topics in the experimental psychology of human learning and performance. In research concerning psychomotor skills, particular attention is given to the learning of coordinated activity involving the arms, hands, fingers, and feet (verbal processes are not emphasized).
The range of skills
The term skill denotes a movement that is reasonably complex and the execution of which requires at least a minimal amount of practice—reflex acts such as sneezing are excluded. Research shows that the performance of complex skills can be influenced by sensations arising from the things the performer looks at, sensations from the muscles that are involved in the movement itself, and stimuli received through other sensory organs. Thus the term sensorimotor skill is used to denote the close relationship between movement and sensation involved in complex acts.
Simple components of bodily skills
Most of life's skills are continuous and complex and contain a multitude of integrated components; however, these complex skills may be analyzed by examining their component parts. For example, skills may be measured by time intervals. In the laboratory, a subject's reaction time is measured as the time between the presentation of some kind of stimulus and the performer's initial response. The individual's speed of reaction depends upon a number of variables, including the intensity of the stimuli. For example, a person will initiate a movement more quickly to increasingly louder sounds until a limit is reached. When the sounds become too loud, however, the noise delays the onset of the movement. A longer reaction time will also be recorded if the subject must choose among a number of stimuli before initiating a movement (such as moving only if one of a number of various coloured lights is turned on) or if the required act involves a complex movement.
The quality of the movement will depend upon such factors as the precision of the act required, the performer's past experience with similar skills, the speed of the movement, the force of the motor act, and the body part or parts to be moved.
There are limits to the efficient performance of even the simplest motor skills. Finger tapping at more than 10 times per second, for example, is usually impossible. Individuals vary greatly in their ability to exercise force with various body parts. Studies of the human motor system also show that an individual rarely (if ever) repeats an apparently similar movement in precisely the same way. Thus the acquisition of skill in a given task involves the performance of a reasonably consistent response pattern, which varies, within limits, from trial to trial.
A number of basic motor abilities underlie the performance of many routine activities. One category of abilities may be broadly referred to as manual dexterity, which includes fine finger dexterity, arm-wrist speed, and aiming ability. Motor abilities are also influenced by strength, of which there are several kinds, including static strength (pressure measured in pounds exerted against an immovable object) and dynamic strength (moving the limbs with force). Flexibility and balancing ability are similarly divided into several components. Thus discussion of a single quality in human movement is inaccurate. One should refer instead to several specific types of ability.
Motor skills may also be classified by the general characteristics of the tasks themselves. Gross motor skills refer to acts in which the larger muscles are commonly involved, while fine motor skills denote actions of the hands and fingers. Most skills incorporate movements of both the larger and the smaller muscle groups. The basketball player uses his larger skeletal muscles to run and jump while drawing on fine motor skills such as accurate finger control when dribbling or shooting the ball.
Complex, integrated skills
Most of life's skills are composed of several integrated parts. Such skills are often controlled by the organization of visual information available to the performer, particularly during the early stages of learning. At the same time, the individual's ability to analyze the mechanics of a motor task, his verbal ability, and other intellectual and perceptual attributes may influence his acquisition of a skill.
Skills are susceptible to all kinds of limits. If there is sufficient genetic aptitude, a person's mastery of a skill depends on his motivation to improve, on his receiving continuous information or sensory feedback about the adequacy of his performance during training, and on such factors as the rewarding effects of corrections made during successive practice periods. Some gains in proficiency can be masked by temporary losses but will emerge later.
Psychomotor habits are mediated primarily by the sensory and motor cortex of the brain and by the neural fibres that connect the two cerebral hemispheres. According to the majority of theoreticians, learning outcomes can be correlated with the amount or duration of rewarded practice. The effects of associative and motivational factors are believed to enhance learning, while inhibitory and oscillation (variability) factors are thought to detract from the learning of psychomotor skills.Clyde Everett Noble Bryant J. Cratty
Laboratory research in psychomotor learning
Devices and tasks
Most scientists study psychomotor learning under controlled laboratory conditions, which contribute to more accurate measures of proficiency and reduce the amount of variability in a learner's performance as the training progresses. Hundreds of electrical and mechanical instruments have been developed for research in psychomotor learning, but only about two dozen are used with any regularity.
One device, a complex coordinator, measures the learner's ability to make prompt, synchronized adjustments of handstick and foot-bar controls in response to combinations of stimulus lights. Another device, a discrimination reaction timer, requires that one of several toggle switches be snapped rapidly in response to designated distinctive spatial patterns of coloured signal lamps. In performing on a manual lever, a blindfolded subject must learn how far to move the handle on the basis of numerical information provided by the experimenter. With a mirror tracer, a six-pointed star pattern is followed with an electrical stylus as accurately and quickly as possible, the learner being guided visually only by a mirror image. The multidimensional pursuitmeter requires the learner to scan four dials and to keep the indicators steady by making corrections with four controls (similar to those found in an airplane cockpit). On a rotary pursuitmeter the learner must hold a flexible stylus in continuous electrical contact with a small, circular metal target set into a revolving turntable.
Also employed is the selective mathometer, a device on which the subject's problem is to discover, with cues provided by a signal lamp, which of some 20 pushbuttons should be pressed in response to each of a series of distinctive images projected on a screen. While using a star discrimeter, a person receives information about his errors through earphones; the task is to learn to selectively position one lever among six radial slots in accordance with signals from differently coloured stimulus lights. A trainee on a two-hand coordinator has to manipulate two lathe crank handles synchronously to maintain contact with a target disk as it moves through an irregular course. Computers are now used for more precise measurements.
The tasks required by the above devices produce a substantial range of psychomotor difficulty. The elements of skilled behaviour are expressed as numerical scores that measure response and error percentages, amplitude and speed of movement, hand or foot pressures exerted, time on target, reaction time, rate of response, and indices of time-sharing activity. Most of these measurements lend themselves to mathematical treatment. Laboratory devices for studying psychomotor learning can be useful in predicting performance in factory work and the operation of motor vehicles and aircraft. When properly maintained and used under standardized conditions, these perceptual-motor devices provide reliable measures of the activities they are designed to measure, and they also tap a significant proportion of the abilities required in real-life situations.
Phenomena of psychomotor learning
Speed and accuracy in the majority of psychomotor tasks studied are typically acquired very rapidly during the early stages of reinforced practice, the average rate of gain tending to drop off as the number of trials or training time increases (Figure 1). Curves based on such measures as reaction time or errors reflect the learner's improvement by a series of decreasing scores, giving an inverted picture of Figure 1. Tracking scores from the two sexes are seen in Figure 1. Other devices have yielded more complicated functions—e.g., S-shaped curves for complex multiple-choice problems on the selective mathometer (Figure 2). Most acquisition curves obey a law of diminishing returns as high levels of skill are approached. Data such as those from tracking and multiple-choice tasks can be explained by rational mathematical equations derived from theoretical models (see formulas and captions in Figures 1 and 2). Between them, these two equations describe psychomotor acquisition curves from a wide variety of learning situations and of trainees with less than a 2 percent average error of prediction. Contrary to lay opinion, stepwise plateaus of proficiency are seldom seen.
Generalization and transfer
The phenomena of generalization and transfer are seen in the tendency of laboratory subjects conditioned to respond to a particular stimulus to respond as well to similar stimuli beyond the original conditions of training. The measured effects of prior training on the performance of a subsequent task define the transfer of psychomotor learning. In practical skills, transfer is more likely to take place between tennis and badminton, for example, than between swimming and football, and between cornet and trumpet than between piano and tuba. Similarity of movement can facilitate transfer, as can the amount of practice or the sequence of events in previous training. The more the two situations have in common, the greater is the amount of predictable transfer. As differences increase between the stimuli used in training and those encountered on test trials, however, the effects of generalization decrease until there may be no transfer from one situation to another.
Learning one task may facilitate, hinder, or have no observable influence upon performance of the next task, meaning that transfer effects may be positive, negative, or null. Flight simulators are designed to maximize the amount of positive transfer, often by ensuring high levels of behavioral similarity. Negative transfer effects (such as reaching for the floor to shift gears when the shift lever is on the steering wheel) appear occasionally but tend to be easily overcome. Since transfer necessarily involves retention, the best schedules minimize forgetting by minimizing the time between training and transfer.
The degree and amount of transfer are contingent upon such factors as number of common elements or principles, stimulus and response similarity, amount of predifferentiation training, the variety of learning-to-learn experiences, part-to-whole relationships, differences in intertask complexity, use of mnemonic aids, and the extent of proactive or retroactive interference. Retroactive interference designs typically employ a sequence of original learning, interpolated learning, and relearning.
Learning is to acquisition as memory is to retention. Psychomotor retention scores indicate the percentage or degree of originally learned skill that is remembered or recalled as a function of elapsed time. Alterations of motor memory are identified by changes in means, variances, and correlations between test results. In contrast to verbal behaviour (which is susceptible to forgetting through interference within a matter of seconds), mean scores for tracking and coordination skills recorded over periods ranging from two days to two years diminish scarcely at all. Yet, when intervals of three minutes to six weeks are interpolated between discrete responses on a manual lever device, performance remains stable for about two days and then becomes inconsistent; variabilities increase and correlations decrease as the subjects mis-recall more and more of their original skill. In the light of this evidence, motor memory may be viewed as a phenomenon of persistence, while forgetting is a case of inconsistence.
One hypothesis advanced to account for the greater retentivity of psychomotor behaviour, as compared to that of newly acquired verbal behaviour, is that nonverbal actions are more often overlearned and are less susceptible to proactive interference (i.e., competition arising from things learned in the past). Distinctions between immediate, short-term, and long-term memory are also less prominent in studies of motor learning. This is not to say that motor skills are unforgettable; studies of short-term memory suggest that psychomotor forgetting can be swift indeed. Regardless of theoretical differences, however, psychologists generally agree that psychomotor behaviour is best remembered (and least forgotten) when overlearning is high, interference is low, reinforcing feedback is optimal, and interpolated activities are unrelated to the task being learned. Time is less important in the degradation of memory than are the events that fill the time.
Reminiscence is defined as a gain in performance without practice. When subjects performing trial after trial without rest (massed practice) are given a short break, perhaps midway through training, scores on the very next trial will show a significant improvement when compared with those of a massed group given no break. Reminiscence effects are most prominent in tasks demanding continuous attention and response. Reminiscence also manifests as a bilateral transfer of skill (e.g., from the left to the right hand), suggesting that this phenomenon is controlled by the central nervous system.
Athletes and musicians often report that they get "cold" during a break from the activity (even for a rest period of a mere five minutes); when practice resumes, a warm-up period appears to be an intrinsic requirement of efficient performance. Wherever reminiscence goes, warm-up seems to follow; yet the converse does not always hold. The connection between warm-up and forgetting is uncertain.
Refractory period and anticipation
When required to make quick, discrete responses to two stimuli separated in time by one-half second or less, an operator's reaction time (latency) for executing the second response is typically longer than that of his first response. This difference in reaction time is called the psychological refractory period.
Expectancy may occur, for example, when a subject has come to expect a delay between the first and second stimulus, meaning the subject will be relatively unprepared should the second arrive earlier than usual. Furthermore, people learn to expect certain kinds of stimuli over others. Performance declines when a person is uncertain about whether regularly occurring stimuli will be auditory or visual, or when the spatial direction of a stimulus is uncertain. This would suggest the possibility of divided attention; indeed, when pairs of stimuli are made perfectly predictable as to time and type, no impairment of response is observed.
If a subject can acquire suitable expectancies via training and experience, then he can improve the skill of dividing his attention and, within physiological limits, simultaneously handle an increased range of stimuli without a loss of proficiency. Given enough practice, people can reduce the psychological refractory period. A military gunner scanning a distant fixed target for its horizontal and vertical location, for example, is engaging in a preview of receptor anticipation to maximize his score. An operatic soprano who rehearses covertly the opening notes of her cadenza while the orchestra finishes the introduction is employing perceptual anticipation to optimize her performance. Anticipatory timing is learned, and reinforcing feedback is necessary.
Factors affecting psychomotor skill
Amount of practice
It has been noted above (Figure 1) that the practice of sensorimotor tasks usually produces changes in scores that reflect diminishing returns. A major influence in learning generally, repetition is the most powerful experimental variable known in psychomotor-skills research. But practice alone does not make perfect; psychological feedback is also necessary. The consensus among theoreticians is that feedback must be relevant and reinforcing to effect permanent increments of habit strength.
The effects of feedback and four other important performance variables (i.e., task complexity, work distribution, motive-incentive conditions, and environmental factors) remain to be summarized.
Psychological feedback
Ranking prominently among experimental variables are so-called feedback contingencies (aftereffects, knowledge of results) that may be controlled by the experimenter so as to occur concurrently with or soon after a subject's response. A learner appears to improve by knowing the discrepancy between a response he has made and the response required of him; but, in experimental practice, the investigator manipulates behaviour by transforming functions of error. Since transformations are usually numerical or spatial, sensory returns from one's action may be informative, motivating, or reinforcing. Response-produced stimulation is intrinsic to most skeletal–muscular circuits; the neural consequences of bodily movement are fed back into the central nervous system to serve the organism's regulatory and adaptive functions. When this normal feedback is interrupted or delayed, psychomotor skill is often seriously degraded. Experimentally delayed auditory feedback of a subject's oral reading produces stuttering and other speech problems; delayed visual feedback in simulated automobile steering is a greater hazard under emergency conditions than is the driver's reaction time.
Laboratory investigations have supported the following generalizations about psychomotor learning: (1) without some kind of relevant feedback, there is no acquisition of skill; (2) progressive gains in proficiency occur in the presence of relevant feedback; (3) performance is disrupted when relevant feedback is withdrawn; (4) delayed feedback in continuous (but not discrete) tasks is typically decremental; (5) augmented or supplementary feedback usually results in increments; (6) the higher the relative frequency of reinforcing feedback, the greater is the facilitation of skill; and (7) the more specific the feedback (e.g., in designating location, direction, amount), the better is the performance.
Experiments with a manual lever device, for example, suggest that when feedback is introduced and withdrawn at four stages of practice, the effect on error scores is profound. Knowledge of results given early and late has effects similar enough to reject any hypothesis that learning arises merely from repetition. These experiments indicate that practice makes perfect only if reinforced; the result of unreinforced practice is extinction of the correct response and a proliferation of errors. Studies employing a complex mirror-tracking apparatus have clarified the role of reinforcing feedback. Targeting performance was facilitated by presenting distinctive supplementary visual feedback cues previously associated with aversive (electrical shock) and nonaversive consequences. Moreover, the amount of facilitation grew curvilinearly with the number of cue conditioning trials. Work on human incentive learning thus demonstrates that the rate of gain in psychomotor proficiency can be regulated by stimuli that have been accompanied by positive or negative aftereffects. Persistence of the acquired reinforcing effects, considered with their cumulative quantitative properties, enhances the attractiveness of theoretical interpretations that emphasize continuity and reinforcement as contrasted with theories based on discontinuity and contiguity alone. Clark Hull's system (1943) is the classic model.
Task complexity
The complexity of discrete psychomotor tasks may be specified either as the number of response sequences a subject can make or as some measure of a subject's uncertainty about choices among stimuli. Still other factors that have been investigated as instances of complexity include variations in the number of possible responses at each choice point, different lengths of series, and regular versus unpredictable stimulus sequences.
Experimental procedures involving an increase of complexity produce more errors, require more trials to reach proficiency, and result in longer latencies per trial. Difficulty in psychomotor learning, therefore, generally increases with the complexity of the task to be mastered. An example of this phenomenon appears in Figure 2. Subjects exhibit continually altered probabilities of response during training sessions, and an average person with enough practice on a discrete sensorimotor task can learn to perceive, select, and react as fast to ten stimuli as he can to two. Apparently, it is not the number of choices among stimuli as much as it is the number of choices among responses that slows up a subject's processing activities and complicates his decision problems. Indeed, by limiting response alternatives (e.g., circumscribing the physical range of a trainee's movements or providing supplementary auditory and visual indicators of error), a training device can facilitate the acquisition or transfer of skill.
Work distribution
Some generalizations can be made about work and rest in psychomotor learning: (1) massed practice is usually superior to distributed practice for simple discrete-trial tasks; (2) distributed practice is usually superior for complex continuous-action tasks; (3) short practice sessions are generally superior to long practice sessions; (4) long rest periods are generally superior to short rest periods, although forgetting must be counteracted; (5) for continuous-tracking tasks practiced under constant work sessions and variable rest periods, the final proficiency level grows curvilinearly as the intertrial interval is lengthened; (6) gains in proficiency under distributed practice, or with interpolated rest periods during massed practice, usually reflect improvements in performance rather than in learning; (7) losses in proficiency under massed practice, or with increased work load, usually pertain to inhibitory rather than motivational decrements; (8) under certain conditions (such as "cramming" for examinations) it may be most efficient to mass practice as long as adequate rest can be obtained before criterion performance is demanded; (9) reminiscence increments and warm-up decrements are intimately related to schedules of work and rest; (10) decrement is not the same as fatigue.
Quite apart from the practical question of the optimal management of training programs (e.g., in coaching oarsmen in racing shells), the aversive inhibitory consequences of sustained action that are recognized as subjective fatigue and behavioral decrement are clearly adaptive. By a reflex negative-feedback mechanism, inhibitory impulses may prevent an organism from working itself to exhaustion. With few exceptions, the presumption in favour of spaced practice can safely be taken out of the psychomotor-skills laboratory and applied in the field. Research on the skills involved in, for example, archery, badminton, basketball, golf, dancing, juggling, marksmanship, rowing, and tennis supports the notion of distributing training by means of short workouts and frequent breaks.
Motive-incentive conditions
Motivational processes are states of the organism that serve to activate reaction tendencies. Such states are classified as primary (innate) or secondary (acquired, learned) motivation. Though common physiological needs (for food, water, or avoidance of pain) may evoke psychological drives (such as hunger, thirst, or pain), the concepts of need and drive are not perfectly correlated. Some needs (e.g., oxygen demand) seem to have no specific behavioral drive, and for some drives, clear-cut biological needs remain to be identified (e.g., curiosity). Despite this apparent discrepancy, there is a theoretical consensus that psychological drive arouses the body to action, energizes its latent responses, and supports its behaviour over time. Most theorists believe that motivation (drive) and learning (habit) interact to generate a response. This implies that the same level of psychomotor proficiency may arise from quite different combinations of learning and motivation. While these theoretical interpretations often apply well to laboratory animals, their application to human acquisition of skill is complicated because incentive learning is very abstract.
Physiological explanations of human behaviour that depend on the concept of primary motives (derived from research with rats or dogs) run into difficulties in view of the fact that primary motivation and reward do not appear to be critical in most studies of human skill acquisition. Thus, instead of giving food pellets (as to a rat), an experimenter delivers praise to a human subject; rather than receiving feedback by electric shock, the human can be guided by a needle moving on a dial or a buzzer signaling an error. Despite efforts to distinguish such motivational factors as general drives from selective incentives, attempts to demonstrate significant motivational effects in human psychomotor learning have met with only modest success. Among exceptions to the above are a few studies with standard apparatus (e.g., the complex coordinator) and with special devices that have indicated that incentives or disincentives such as money, verbal threats, electric shock, exhortations, and social competition may be relevant.
Environmental factors
Many practical skills must be executed outside the laboratory under unfavourable conditions of temperature, humidity, illumination, and motion. It is generally found that, below the limiting levels of extreme stress, such conditions affect psychomotor performance to a greater extent than they affect psychomotor learning. Representative findings have included the following: (1) isolation and sensory deprivation cause dramatic reductions in vigilance and monitoring skills within an hour; (2) environmental temperatures above or below 70 ± 5 °F (21 ± 3 °C) tend to lower scores on tracking apparatus but do not impair learning; (3) oxygen deficiency slows reaction time, especially when the atmosphere corresponds to altitudes of 20,000 feet or higher; (4) accelerations of the body in a centrifuge or rotating platform disrupt postural coordination and produce systematic shifts in the perception of the vertical; (5) although such people as acrobats, dancers, pilots, and skaters can adapt well to high accelerations, even they lose equilibrium if deprived of a visual frame of reference; (6) rather mild centrifugal effects of slow, constant rotation may induce acute motion sickness and associated degradation of psychomotor proficiency in normal persons; (7) while some controlled work-rest schedules of crews during confinement in a small cabin upset daily sleep rhythms and lead to decrements in watchkeeping, memory, and procedural skills, a schedule of four-hours-on versus four-hours-off duty can be maintained for several months without significant impairment; and (8) faulty identifications of visual displays on an eye-hand matching task have been produced in volunteer subjects exposed to controlled infectious diseases (e.g., respiratory tularemia, pappataci fever, viral encephalitis).
Other environmental stress variables found to exert negative influences are vibration, low illumination, high atmospheric pressure, noise, glare, toxic gases, ionization, and subgravity. Certain drugs have positive effects on psychomotor performance (e.g., amphetamines, magnesium pemoline, methyl caffeine, pipradrol); some have deleterious effects (e.g., alcohol, barbiturates, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, lysergic acid, meprobamate, phenothiazines, scopolamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, tripelennamine); and others are either neutral or have inconsistent effects (e.g., caffeine, nicotine).


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Welcome to THE MAYERHUBERS
This is Johnny. He plays the drums and is the youngest of the three brothers. He's a very nice and lively guy who loves all that "Corporate" stuff with mallets, bells and claps.
Henry is a bit old-fashioned. He is familiar with all that harmony-stuff and a passionate collector of old Beatles-Records. And he plays a lot of instruments. His biggest enemy is his brother Ron, who always makes fun of him. Although Henry is 34 years old, he never had a girlfriend…so if somebody is reading this…
Ron hates making tracks for Audiojungle. He'd rather be a rockstar! But his older brother Henry is not getting tired to remind him that he needs to pay his rent. But the money is more used for new amps and expensive guitars.

subset: commoncrawl


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Putneymead Group Medical Practice266 Upper Richmond RoadPutney, SW15 6TQTel: 020 8788 0686
Our doctors provide a full range of maternity services including pre-conception counselling, antenatal care and postnatal follow-up.
For further information regarding pregnancy care please ask for a copy of our maternity leaflet and book an appointment with one of the GPs at your convenience.
We offer 24 hour Blood pressure monitoring and ECG (Heart tracings) on-site at the practice. If you think you need either of these please speak to your GP.
We have pre-bookable blood test appointments every morning (Mon-Fri) from 8 AM at the practice. Please book these via reception - you can also book some blood-test appointments online (limited appointments).
Our nursing team carry out smear test on-site. A routine smear test is recommended every 3 years for all women aged 25-65 yrs who are, or have been, sexually active. Please ask for a specific smear appointment with one of our nurses when calling.
If you have had a recent smear test abroad please bring in a copy of the result so we can update your records.
The Health Visitors generally carry out full child development examinations from birth until school age.
At Putneymead when your baby is 8 weeks old a GP will need to carry out the 8 week development check. We do this check at 8 weeks (instead of 6 weeks) to tie in with your baby's first set of immunisations and your own postnatal check to save you having to come back several times at a time when you may be particularly tired or busy.
Please ask specifically for an '8 week check' appointment so we know to book all 3 appointments on the same visit.
Our practice nurses give all routine childhood immunisations. Please book an appointment with the nurses when these are due for your baby. The immunisation schedule should be in your baby's red book but please ask if you are not sure.
We also offer the Cervical HPV vaccine privately- please ask one of the team for further information.
At Putnemead we offer a full range of family planning and contraception advice and services including emergency contraception. We provide the long-acting injectable contraception as well as the subdermal implanon and intra-uterine devices such as the Mirena on-site.
We have our own team of counsellors based at the practice and can also refer you for CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) to help with anxiety or depression in-house or locally. If you feel you may benefit from any of these services please speak to your GP who can refer you if appropriate.
At Putneymead we also have a dedicated drug & alcohol counsellor and also a clinical psychologist for mums struggling post-natal mental health difficulties. Please ask your GP if you feel you may benefit from any of these services.
Dr McKenzie has a weekly minor surgery clinic at the practice for removal of certain skin lesions or moles. Please speak to you doctor or nurse about this.
At Putneymead you can now refer yourself directly for NHS physiotherapy without necessarily seeing a GP.
Simply complete a self-referral physiotherapy form at reception and the physio will call you to arrange an appointment.
We offer in-house physiotherapy at the Practice or can refer you to the physiotherapy department at Queen Mary's Hospital in Roehampton.
At this Practice we can refer you for up to to 4 session of NHS osteopathy on-site if your GP feels it would help your condition. Please speak your GP for further information.
As well as cervical cancer screening we offer cardiovascular screening tests to all our patients over 45 years to help prevent heart attacks or strokes. You will receive a letter in the post offering you blood tests and a follow-up appointment to review the results but please speak to one of the doctors about this service if you would like to have health screening.
Our nurses also offer advice on a wide variety of health topics such as drugs, alcohol, diet, cholesterol, exercise, smoking and weight loss.
If you're trying to give up smoking, we can help. Studies show that your chances of success will be greatly improved if you get advice and support from health care professionals to help you stop smoking.
The services we offer from the Practice can:
You can book a smoking cessation appointment with one of our trained smoking counsellors directly through reception.
If you need help to stop smoking don't go it alone, call the us.
We offer a full range of travel vaccines at the Practice. Please click on this link for further information.
Our nurses and health care assistants can give you specific advice on how you can lose weight as part of a weight loss programme. Some patients can also be referred to a local gym for specific classes to help weight loss. Please speak to our nurses or health care assistants for further details.
Please note that there is a set procedure for some of these services so please inform Reception before booking your appointment.
You can check the prices we charge by clicking here.
Often we need to ask that you drop in all the relevant forms before your appointment.
These services fall outside the NHS Contract and will attract a specified charge as a private service. Reception will be able to give you a list of charges and advise you further.
There is no charge for referring you onto to private specialists and allied therapists (such as physiotherapists) if your GP feels the referral is indicated.
Please make a routine appointment to discuss your travel plans, the Nurse will advise on appropriate vaccinations and any other information pertinent to your destination.
To help the Nursing Team give you accurate advice please have:
There will be a charge for non NHS vaccinations which is payable by cash, cheque or card. Please note payment by credit cards are subject to a 3.5% surcharge.
Charges for the most common vaccinations are in this link:
Travel Vaccination fees (reviewed Sept 2016)
Please be aware that not all vaccines can be given on the same day and some vaccinations consist of a course of 3 injections over a four week period.
Putneymead is a registered Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre.
In addition to our full range of NHS services at Putneymead Group Medical practice, there are other healthcare-related organisations within the building.
You do not have to be a registered patient at the practice to access these services. They are independent organisations open to the public as well as our patients. These are:
A dispensing chemist providing NHS & private prescriptions as well as various other pharmacy products.
Website: www.paydenspharmacy.co.uk
A private Physical Therapies Clinic offering a wide range of musculoskeletal and rehabilitation services including osteopathy, physiotherapy, podiatry, chiropody, sports medicine, massage, pilates and yoga.
Website: www.putneyclinic.co.uk
The Concept Fertility Clinic is a fully comprehensive one-stop fertility service. We offer a unique and bespoke service to patients who are seeking fertility treatment. We understand how important this journey is and we want to be there for you every step of the way. That is why at the Concept Fertility Clinic we have an expert team standing by to give you all the support you need, and to help you choose the most appropriate fertility treatment.
Website: www.conceptfertility.co.uk
The Brain Bio Centre is an outpatient clinical treatment centre, specialising in the 'optimum nutrition' approach to mental health such depression and anxiety, learning and behavioural issues (in both children and adults), psychotic disorders, and cognitive decline and various neurological conditions.
Website: www.brainbiocentre.com
A newly opened branch of Wimbledon Parkside Hospital providing all local residents the opportunity to see private Consultants in Putney as well as access to a raneg of services such as ultrasound, private blood tests and MRI in future.
Website: www.parkside-hospital.co.uk
Enter all or part of your postcode in the box below and click one of the buttons
to find those services that are local to you.
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Tuesday, 13 May 2008
Big Brother Is Watching You
It saves time when life imitates art. If you've read the book or seen the movie you don't find reality quite so surprising. Thus I find it helpful that England in 2008 is just like the England depicted in George Orwell's "Nineteen Eighty-Four."
"Dear Mr. Pritchard-Kelly" [sic] began the letter from Britain's TV Licensing authority. "We have been advised that you bought television receiving equipment in February 2008 from Dixons Stores Group. However, we have no record of a TV Licence in your name for the above address. Using TV equipment to watch or record television programme services without a valid licence is against the law."
"We have been advised." I love that. What you mean is you have your paws in all sorts of records that help to confirm whether or not residents own a TV and thus whether or not they have paid up so they can watch television legally. (Briefly, for those not living in the UK: Residents here pay a 140 pound annual licence fee that supports the commercial-free BBC.) For Valentine's Day My Lovely Wife bought me a Freeview box, a $40 device which allows us to pull in more than the five terrestrial broadcast channels.
You may be wondering whether this is an appropriate Valentine's Day present. I suspect it was designed to mollify our kids, who were starting to go into serious TV withdrawal. What's interesting is that the TV Licensing folks work every angle. They issued a special press release on Feb. 13, warning licence scofflaws that they faced capture on Valentine's Day. TV Licensing spokesperson Joanna Pearce said: "Getting a knock at the door from TV Licensing while you're trying to impress the object of your affection is likely to leave any would-be lover red-faced. At TV Licensing, we'd rather spare you your blushes, and are taking this opportunity to remind you that we'll be visiting unlicensed homes on Valentine's night like every other night."
TV Licensing catches about 400,000 people a year. Would I be one of them? No, because I'd paid our fee. I'd even considered framing the certificate that came in the mail. But it was lost among the piles of papers in our house. The second threatening letter came about 10 days later: "We still have no record of a TV Licence in your name." I dug out the proof of my law abidingness, called the Licence Confirmation Line and punched in my reference number, clearing my good name.
The Fixed Penalty Support Unit of the Thames Valley Police was the next government office to drop me a line: "In accordance with Section 1 of Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988, I hereby give notice that it is intended to take proceedings against the driver of motor vehicle AJ08GOU for the alleged offence of EXCEED 30 MPH .... This allegation WILL be supported by photographic evidence at any subsequent court hearing."
I had (allegedly) been photographed traveling 37 mph in a 30 mph zone in a rental car and the good people at Alamo had ratted me out. I don't doubt that I was speeding. The Vauxhall Vectra longs to run wild and free. But nowhere in the three pages (!) of material did it say how much my ticket would be. All the Fixed Penalty Support Unit cared about was getting my signature on a statement admitting that I was driving the car--mailed back, I should point out, in my envelope and at my expense.
I'm hoping I can avoid a fine by taking a safe-driving class. After all, you can study just about anything at Oxford.
Britain loves its CCTV cameras. I read somewhere that there's one camera for every 14 citizens. You'd think that with that sort of saturation coverage people wouldn't bother committing crimes and when crimes did occur they'd be solved quickly. But that isn't the case. A report last week revealed that only 3 percent of street robberies in London are solved by CCTV. One of the problems is that officers don't like the drudgery of flipping back through hours of video to see what they've caught there.
Maybe they should put the TV Licensing people in charge of that.
7 comments:
As Jack Lord on Hawaii 5-0 might have put it, book him Dano TV-1.
Hasn't there been a recent debate in the UK about whether the cameras prevent crime? They do seem to lead to quicker resolution, but apparently "the Old Bill" don't like the excruciating work of digging through the tapes to find terrorists, theives, and robbers. Its good to know that both the BBC and major roadways of the UK are safe from the likes of you:->
- 13 May 2008 at 06:35
Did the camera record the face of the driver of the vehicle?
I am not for people speeding or running red lights, but we had a very interesting court case recently here in Hong Kong.
A car was photographed going through a red light.
The police, as usual, wrote to the owner asking him to identify the driver.
He ignorned the letter, and was taken to court.
But he won the case, saying he has the right to silence, and not to self incriminate.
The police are saying that it makes it difficult for them to prosecute.
But should that overrule out Bill or Rights?
A very interesting case that I'm sure has parallels in other parts of the world.
- 13 May 2008 at 11:16
- Ruth said...
I know this has nothing to do with Orwellian British institutions, but I feel the need to point out that John has parked his butt on the couch more than a few nights and enjoyed the perks of Freeview, even if he didn't know he wanted it last February. And at least I got him something for Valentine's day. Sniff, sniff. (Mind you, he more than made up for the silent Valentine's Day and the way-off-base birthday present (a digital camera that we just returned because the family already has 3, and I don't take pictures) by buying a stunning, completely unexpected, and wholly appreciated Victorian gold ring for Mother's Day.)
- 13 May 2008 at 11:19
In the words of Bob Geldof... sorry, that should be Saint Bob Geldof, (and the Boomtown Rats)... There's Always Someone Looking at You. In this case, the police, the Licence Detector Van Man, and Your Lovely Wife. Be grateful to be in England: in Japan the licence fee guys come door-to-door to lay a guilt trip on you in person. (like YLW I guess).
Good luck beating the speeding rap, boy racer. I bet the fee for the safe driving class will be more than the fine.
- 13 May 2008 at 19:00
Ah, yes, I remember paying the TV license during my time in the UK. If I remember rightly, I would just pop down to the local post office (inside a Co-Op store) and pay there. It was about a five minute walk from my house. (And from what you wrote a couple of weeks ago, probably closed now.) Of course, being England, I was probably walking in some form of rain. (I don't complain about Maryland's steamy summers quite so much anymore.) And I always kept my license next to the telly, just in case "the man in the van" came knocking on the door.
- 13 May 2008 at 20:13
John, as a long-time resident of Maryland, surely you have received similar communications from our MVA -- noting, for example, that your auto insurance has been canceled, and requesting proof of new insurance, or surrender of your registration, within x days. Or that you did not renew your registration (having, for example sold the car), and asking very politely where the heck your plates are. The eyes of Glen Burnie are upon you, all the live-long day.
- 15 May 2008 at 16:50
- Daniela said...
Interesting post. I have been wondering about this issue,so thanks for posting. I'll likely be coming back to your blog. Keep up great writing. Find your great Travel News and sing the songs at Free Song Lyric or you can watch the drama at Korea Drama Online one of great korea drama is A Love to Kill if you go to travel to Indonesia learn Learn Indonesia Language first! And find your home cari rumah or make a blog Belajar membuat Blog find your home again rumah dijual and again at jual rumah, download youtube and find blog widget and then if you want buy a new laptop see the Laptop Price List or you can buy a New Blackberry and then take care your Health & Jewerly.
- 24 November 2009 at 03:17


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Effie Lee Morris, San Francisco Public Library Children's Services coordinator, 1963 - 1977, is one of the pioneer children's services leaders in the country. She was responsible for the development of the broad range of services available to San Francisco children today.
Effie Lee Morris Lecture
- About the Effie Lee Morris Lecture
- Previous guest speakers and programs in the Effie Lee Morris Lecture series
Collection Emphasis
- About the Collection
- Alice in Wonderland Collection
- Beatrix Potter Collection
- Rare books and first editions including Arthur Rackham Early Editions
- Changing Portrayals Collection of Ethnic and Social Groups with an Emphasis on Pacific Rim Peoples
- Award winning children's books, including complete collections of Newbery and Caldecott award winners.
- San Francisco Interest - Books by San Francisco authors and books about San Francisco, including some original manuscripts
- Early Children's Magazines - St. Nicholas (November, 1873 - January, 1940) and Youths Companion (January, 1895 - December, 1927)
- Historical Trends in Publishing for Children


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HANG TIME, Texas — Are there any bridges left in Orlando? If so, Stan Van Gundy will probably burn them by tomorrow.
Dwight Howard's former coach and sparring partner continued his carpet bombing of the franchise that fired him by calling CEO Alex Martins naive and said he had "no knowledge of the game" during Mike Bianchi's radio show on 740 AM in Orlando:
"It's a typical lack of understanding from someone who has no sports knowledge, who has never coached or played, who has never been in a lockeroom….it's a naivete," Van Gundy said of Martins Monday morning on Mike Bianchi's show on 740 AM.
"….I'll stand on the relationships with players based on the results we got.
"I think Alex's comments are based on the fact that Dwight and maybe others didn't like me…and thinking somehow that's important."
Nobody will ever nominate Van Gundy for a post in the diplomatic corp, so the fact that he's been forthcoming and blunt in the aftermath of being let go by the Magic is hardly shocking. Truth is, in a world of professional sports that has become increasingly corporate, clandestine and, frankly, often quite boring, StanVan and his willingness to react like an exposed nerve end is as welcome as a cleansing summer rain.
Who can forget the scene last spring when Van Gundy had just finished telling a throng of reporters that Howard had asked to have him fired just before the disgruntled center walked up and placed an arm around his shoulder to act buddy-buddy?
It was just last week when Hang Time noted Van Gundy's previous outburst on 790 The Ticket in Miami. (more…)


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Fox had no way to get rid of
A source close to the show said executives considered a variety of options, including not airing the episode, but none were realistic.
Another option would have been to try to edit Deen out of the episode, but that would have disrupted a key stage in the competition to find the best home cook in America, the source said. (An example of how deeply involved she is in the episode, which is the second of two back-to-back episodes airing Wednesday night: Deen helps determine who will be among the final four.)
At this point, the only question is: Will this turn out to be a ratings boon or a bust?
The "MasterChef" episode starring Deen was taped in March, well before Deen's reputation imploded following her admission that she had used a racial slur in the past. That, as well as other allegations made against her in a nasty lawsuit filed by a disgruntled former employee, led to the destruction of Deen's multimillion-dollar food empire as several business partners cut ties.
Among them: Food Network, which said it would not renew Deen's contract.
Deen has appeared on Fox's hit reality TV cooking show in the past. She proved to be such a hit with viewers that the previews for the current "MasterChef" kicked off with fanfare about Deen and other celebuchefs stopping by to help with weekly challenges and cooking showdowns.
Chef Gordon Ramsay even touted Deen's appearance while discussing the new season, saying: "Paula Deen [is] back on. Huge success last year with her. And she's great. I wouldn't get on the wrong side of her. She's dynamic, feisty, tenacious but bloody good."
As we noted before, her appearance sets the stage for potentially cringe-worthy moments of Deen oozing her "Hey Y'all" drawl while the controversy over her use of racially charged language still hangs in the air.
What do you think? Did Fox make the right decision?
[For the Record, 1:22 p.m. Aug. 27: An earlier version of this post misstated that Deen would announce the winner of the challenge. She will help determine who will go on to the final four.]


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Picking out the perfect Christmas tree was something that I used to take very serious: all the cleaning and moving of furniture and packing of boxes and light-stringing and unstringing required a tree worth the effort. I have scaled back in recent years but still see the fun in finding a tree that fits your space and holds precious ornaments with style.
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I am watching a rerun of one of the episodes of the American Bible Challenge. This is a quiz sho based on knowledge of the Christian Bible.
One of the questions asked what percentage of 100 interviewed thought dinosaurs were on the ark.
The answer was 27%. Should I or we be appalled that such a percentage would believe this. It almost boggles the imagination.
Views: 629
I completely, emphatically agree.
I'm appalled that any believe there was really an ark!
Mark Twain, in his book, Letters from the Earth, offered a description of what Noah's animal collection effort must have been like:
"However the thing that really and finally and definitely determined Noah to stop with enough species for purely business purposes and let the rest become extinct, was an incident of the last days: an excited stranger arrived with some most alarming news. He said he had been camping among some mountains and valleys about six hundred miles away, and he had seen a wondrous thing there: he stood upon a precipice overlooking a wide valley, and up the valley he saw a billowy black sea of strange animal life coming. Presently the creatures passed by struggling, fighting, scrambling, screeching, snorting - horrible vast masses of tumultuous flesh! Sloths as big as an elephant; frogs as big as a cow; a megatherium and his harem huge beyond belief; saurians and saurians and saurians, group after group, family after family, species after species - a hundred feet long, thirty feet high, and twice as quarrelsome; one of them hit a perfectly blameless Durham bull a thump with its tail and sent it whizzing three hundred feet into the air and it fell with a sigh at the man's feet and was no more. The man said that these prodigous animals had heard about the Ark and were coming. Coming to get saved from the flood. And not coming in pairs, they were all coming: they didn't know the passengers were restricted to pairs, the man said, and wouldn't care a rap for the regulations, anyway - they would sail in that Ark or know the reason why. The man said the Ark would not hold the half of them; and moreover they were coming hungry, and would eat up everything there was, including the menagerie and the family.
"All these facts were suppressed in the Biblical account. You find not a hint of them there. The whole thing is hushed up. Not even the names of those vast creatures are mentioned. It shows you that when people have left a reproachful vacancy in a contract they can be as shady about it in Bibles as elsewhere. Those powerful animals would be of inestimable value to man now, when transportation is so hard pressed and expensive, but they are all lost to him. They all got drowned. Some of them as much as eight million years ago."
Actually, I'm surprised that 27% figure is as low as it is, given the exalted status of religion (make that "Christian" religion) in his country. We Americans are the most ignorant and misinformed people in the civilized world. As most countries embrace the future and its promise of increased knowledge, we Americans, led by an extremely reactionary political party, are moving in the opposite direction - back to medieval times.
What I find appalling is the abominably poor quality of science instruction in the U.S. As a former science teacher who knew a number of other "science" teachers, I found it disturbing that most of them did not believe in evolution, and NONE of them understood it. Why? Because their own teachers when they were in school did not understand it, either. Mine didn't. What is more: most Americans don't WANT to understand it.
RE: "We Americans are the most ignorant and misinformed people in the civilized world." - I respect you greatly, Dale, but in this instance, you're mistaken. Islam proves there are those even more ignorant and misinformed than we - we stopped killing our unbelievers a couple of hundred years ago (hence your and my existence).
That percentage of 100 interviewed thought dinosaurs were on the ark.
Hah. These are the rocket scientists. Many believe that the dinosaurs never existed at all and the fossils are just deceptions planted by Satan.
Day Planners are SO indispensable - even T-Rex used to have one --
1) Kill something!
2) Eat it!
1) Kill something!
2) Eat it!
1) Kill something!
2) Eat it!
From the Secular Coalition for America:
Since just April 1, 2013:
North Carolina legislators proposed a bill declaring their right to establish an official state religion.
US Senator (R, LA) David Vitter sent a letter to his constituents that read, "Easter reminds us to look past our many self-made problems and remember that God gave his only Son for our salvation.
US Rep. Joe Barton (R-TX) spoke before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power and said, "… the Great Flood is an example of climate change and that certainly wasn't because mankind had overdeveloped hydrocarbon energy."
Caving under pressure from the religious lobby including US Conference of Catholic Bishops, the Obama administration softened its contraceptive mandate by rescinding 3 of the 4 criteria for exemption allowing most religious employers to deny contraceptives to their employees
In Washington state, where a bill that would allow discrimination based on religious beliefs is being considered, the attack was venomous as well as ignorant. When asked what rural gays should to do if the only gas station or grocery store for miles won't sell them gas and food, a staffer in Washington State Senator Mike Hewitt's office answered "Well, gay people can just grow their own food."


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Cohutta Wilderness
IntroductionThe United States Congress designated the Cohutta Wilderness (map) in 1975 and it now has a total of 37,033 acres. Georgia contains approximately 35,287 acres. Tennessee contains approximately 1,746 acres. It is managed by the Forest Service. The Cohutta Wilderness is bordered by the Big Frog Wilderness to the northeast.
DescriptionMost of mountainous Cohutta, the state's second largest Wilderness, lies in Georgia and within the Cohutta Wildlife Management Area. But a small portion runs over the border into Tennessee. Immediately northeast of Tennessee's portion, and sharing a border, lies Big Frog Wilderness. Although loggers worked their way through 70 percent of the forest between 1915 and 1930, oak and pine have all but reclaimed the forest, and a rich growth of hardwoods now fills out the lower elevations: magnolia, maple, buckeye, hornbeam, sassafras, holly, silver bell dogwood, and chestnut, to name but a few. Spring and summer bring a riot of colorful blooms to many shrubs, vines, and herbaceous plants, ranging from the brilliant orange of flame azalea to the pink and yellow of lady's slippers, the blue cohosh, and the scarlet cardinal flower. But summer also means heat and high humidity, biting insects, and foliage so dense it blocks some views that are truly spectacular in fall and spring. The Conasauga and Jacks Rivers, two of the state's most prolific trout streams, drop through rocky gorges and flash flood the Wilderness during periods of heavy rain. Anglers can try hooking trout in the many streams, too, while hunters train their sights on white-tailed deer, black bears, and wild boars. More than 100 bird species have been identified in the area (situated along the Appalachian Flyway), along with copperheads, timber rattlesnakes, and other slithering species. Popular trails follow both the Conasauga and Jacks Rivers, and at least a dozen other footpaths provide access to the Wilderness. Many of the trails require wading through waterways. The 15.7-mile Jacks River Trail, for instance, passes through water no less than 40 times.
Planning to Visit the Cohutta Wilderness?
- Print a fact sheet
- General things to consider when visiting any wilderness
- Regulations
- Contact the Forest Service
- Visit the National Forest wilderness website
Leave No TraceHow to follow the seven standard Leave No Trace principles differs in different parts of the country (desert vs. Rocky Mountains). Click on any of the principles listed below to learn more about how they apply in the Cohutta Wilderness.
- Plan Ahead and Prepare
- Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces
- Dispose of Waste Properly
- Leave What You Find
- Minimize Campfire Impacts
- Respect Wildlife
- Be Considerate of Other Visitors


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Public Housing
Public housing as initially conceived was intended to eradicate slums and provide better dwellings for low-rent families, defined as those for which the private sector did not build decent new housing. The New York City Housing Authority, the first such local authority in the United States, in 1936 completed the First Houses on the Lower East Side, home to some of the country's worst slums at the turn of the century. The boom in the construction of public housing occurred after the second world war, with a special emphasis on high-rise designs that could house large numbers of people and were easy to construct. The demand for housing among WWII veterans reinforced the city's tendency to build housing for the poor in industrial and waterfront locations, while middle-income projects in more convenient locations were sanctioned by the federal urban renewal law of 1949.
As constructions waned in the 1960s, different forms of housing followed by the principle of "scatter-site" planning, which provided for small high-rise and low-rise projects, compatible with local neighborhood conditions that were fit into existing residential blocks to minimize the displacement of population. One such example is the Stephen Wise Towers on 91st street between Broadway and Amsterdam...contrasted with the General Grant Houses further north at 125th Street.
The presence of trees and playing children outside often belies the severe problems that exist on the insides of these buildings. Yet, while these sites scattered around the neighborhood are havens for illicit drug sales and crime, they do not achieve the critical mass of violence present in the large high-rise projects of Brooklyn's Red Hook or Cabrini Green on the south side of Chicago.
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|Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange
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Jepson Interchange (more information)
©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
Annual to subshrub
Leaves generally basal and cauline, alternate, generally simple; stipules 0
Inflorescence: generally raceme
Flower bisexual; sepals 4, free; petals (0)4, free, generally white or yellow, often clawed; stamens generally (2,4)6, generally 4 long, 2 short; ovary 1, superior, chambers generally 2, septum membranous, connecting 2 parietal placentas, style 1, stigma simple or 2-lobed
Fruit: generally capsule ("silique") with 2 deciduous valves, sometimes breaking transversely or indehiscent
Seeds 1many per chamber
Genera in family: 300+ genera, 3000+ species: worldwide, especially cool regions; some cultivated for food (especially Brassica, Raphanus ) and ornamental
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include Capparaceae [Rodman et al. 1993 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 80:686699; Rollins 1993 Cruciferae of Continental North America. Stanford Univ Press]
Family description, key to genera by Robert A. Price.
Robert A. PriceAnnual to perennial herb, often cushion- or mat-forming; hairs often branched
Leaves basal and sometimes cauline, entire or shallowly toothed
Flower: sepal bases equal; petals < 10 mm, yellow or white, claw and limb generally distinct
Fruit < 30 mm, generally lanceolate to ovate, generally flat parallel to septum, less often partially inflated, sometimes twisted or wavy
Seeds: 2 rows per chamber; wing generally 0
Species in genus: 350+ species: n hemisphere, mtns of South America
Etymology: (Greek: acrid)
Reference: [Rollins & Price 1988 Aliso 12:1727]
D. densifolia Nutt.Perennial
Stems cushion-forming, < 15 cm, glabrous to hairy
Leaves basal, 215 mm, linear to ± oblanceolate, entire; midrib prominent below; surface hairs 0 or sparse, short, branched; margin hairs prominent, stiff, simple
Inflorescence < 20-flowered
Flower: petals 26 mm, yellow
Fruit 27 mm, ± ovate; hairs 0 or short, simple to stellate; style 0.51 mm
Seeds < 15, 1.21.8 mm; wings 0
Chromosomes: 2n=36
Ecology: Alpine barrens, rocky slopes
Elevation: > 2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: High Sierra Nevada, n East of Sierra Nevada, White and Inyo Mountains
Distribution outside California: nw US, w Canada
Flowering time: JulAug
Reproduces by asexual seed.
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Major Gifts and Recognition
A gold funeral medal for Washington's interment is part of the latest gift from the Lassers of Scarsdale, New York.
This treasury note issued in Montreal in 1759 is also in the Lasser collection of colonial currency and coins.
Among the individuals who generously supported Colonial Williamsburg in 2003 were senior trustees, National Council members, and honorary campaign co-chairs Abby and George O'Neill of Oyster Bay, New York, who endowed a chair, the Abby and George O'Neill Director of the John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, with a gift of $1.5 million.
Trustee and National Council members John Donnell Jr. and his wife, Marcia, of Atlanta, Georgia, added to the Marcia and John R. Donnell Jr. Historic Area Preservation Fund, bringing their support of the Campaign for Colonial Williamsburg to $1 million.
A $1 million trustee and National Council members gift from Dick and Shirley Roberts of Virginia Beach, Virginia, endowed the position of Shirley and Richard Roberts Architectural Historian.
Carolyn and James Millar of Atlanta, Georgia, made a $1 million planned gift.
Ruth and Joe Lasser of Scarsdale, New York, donated colonial coins, medals, and currency to the Lasser Coin Collection at Colonial Williamsburg, which they began with earlier gifts. This is a collection-transforming gift of great value.
The Lassers, Martha and Richard Girard of McLean, Virginia, and James Welsh of Fairborn, Ohio, notified Colonial Williamsburg of bequest expectancies, and an unanticipated bequest from the estate of Mrs. Willard Hoffmire provided $1.2 million. Mr. and Mrs. Hoffmire visited Colonial Williamsburg during World War II when he was stationed in Virginia. They became annual supporters in the 1980s and members of the Colonial Williamsburg Burgesses in 1989. Their belief in the importance of Colonial Williamsburg's educational mission led to their bequest.
In addition to endowment support of $7.9 million from the DeWitt Wallace Endowment Fund to support the DeWitt Wallace Decorative Arts Museum, the DeWitt Wallace Collections and Conservation Building, and educational outreach, gifts from institutional donors included a $1.3 million grant from the City of Williamsburg for marketing, a $339,000 National Endowment for the Humanities grant for support of a digital archive of research documents on colonial American history, archaeology, and architecture, and a contribution of $100,000 from AT&T in memory of foundation chairman emeritus Charles L. Brown. A $177,500 discretionary grant from the Norfolk Foundation helped to meet a $200,000 challenge grant from a private Richmond foundation to complete reconstruction of the Peyton Randolph outbuildings.
Corporations, foundations, and individuals contributed nearly $39 million to the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation in 2003, bringing the comprehensive Campaign for Colonial Williamsburg total to $360.6 million.


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The Oceanus collection has shell-like detailing over each piece. Between that and the elegant pewter material, you will already begin to feel pampered. Now watch what decorative bathroom hardware can do for your experience. Fill a soap dish or soap dispenser with your favorite scented soap or body wash to begin the therapeutic stress relief. A tasteful metal box is the perfect treasure trove for bath salts, potpourri, chocolates or other guilty pleasures. Finally, place votive candleholders all around the room. Now you can indulge in a luxurious bath with the lights turned down and the tone set for relaxation.
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Ava Gardner - Tailored Style
Posted 30 August 2010 - 09:22 PM
She seemed to favour suits for informal outings. You can see why suits in those days were often described as being "man tailored", being rather a practical garment. One or two of the above garments could still be dresses, but the lower half isn't visible. Of course, she still looked her feminine stunning best in a dress:
Posted 30 August 2010 - 09:35 PM
Posted 30 August 2010 - 10:35 PM
stunningly beautifull !
Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.
Mark Twain
Posted 30 August 2010 - 11:29 PM
I managed to find a perfect shot of her in a very stylishly cut coat. Note the way it has been darted to give it plenty of chest and how it sits beautifully into her waist:
Here is another interesting coat, although it is a shame we don't get a better view of it:
A jumper and skirt:
As ever the dresses made for her totally steal the show:
Posted 31 August 2010 - 05:34 AM
I just have 1 thing to say
stunningly beautifull !
And those pictures have not been photoshopped back then. So it was all clever lighting and make-up.
Her outfits are all perfectly executed, something that's become very rare today.
"Nur der ist Meister seiner Kunst, der immer sucht, das Gute zu verbessern und niemals glaubt, das Beste schon zu haben."
"Only he is a master of his art who always seeks to improve the good and never believes to have the best already"
http://www.dressedwell.net/ It's snarky, but fun.
Posted 31 August 2010 - 06:39 AM
they don't make them like that any more!
The garments or the ladies?
Posted 31 August 2010 - 07:03 AM
she had a tough life though, lots of heartbreak and disappointment
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January 19 – February 19, 2018
(All Ages)
Cozy in this winter for the heartwarming story of Frederick as he shows us that everyone has something special to give to the world. While other mice are gathering food for the winter, Frederick daydreams the summer away. When the cold weather sets in, however, it is Frederick who has stored up something significant to survive the long, blustery winter. The Caldecott winning book by beloved author Leo Lionni has been charming readers for 50 years. Now, this award-winning adaptation, featuring a roots-flavored country and folk-infused score, will delight the heart and tickle the imagination.
Adapted by Suzanne Maynard Miller. Music and lyrics by Sarah Durkee and Paul Jacobs.
Produced by special arrangement with DRAMATIC PUBLISHING, Woodstock, Illinois.


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Betty Barclay Fall/Winter 2014-2015 CollectionCategories:Fashion
Seems like the hottest fall 2014 trends have been united in the gorgeous Betty Barclay fall/winter 2014-2015 collection to let sassy fashionisers dress to impress wherever they go. Featuring Spanish beauty Clara Alonso, the German brand's new collection embraces fall's best and hottest in terms of styles and trends, targeting women of different interests and occupations. Thus, whether you are looking for something chic for special parties or need to update your business wardrobe, whether you love the casual style or are on the hunt for the best and coziest outerwear options, we can safely say that Betty Barclay has all your style cravings covered for this fall!
What we discover next in this line is the pure embodiment of chic and elegance, being the iconic feminine style perfect for parties and office days. The first look in this array that catches our attention is the black leather pencil skirt with a lace-like hem, which is paired with a minimalist white top with a draped neckline and a knee-length gray tweed coat. The red lipstick of the model gives the ideal glam touch to this outfit! No less stylish is the next combo composed of the same skirt, only this time matched with a crisp white shirt and a knitted zip-up short blazer.
For the glam party nights, Betty Barclay offers the ideal little red dress with a body-hugging form and a slightly flared skirt. The fans of the glam rock style can also find their perfect match here, as the lookbook also presents a bold and stylish outfit bringing a straight plaid dress and a houndstooth patterned slim sweater in the black and red hues.
The big diversity of outerwear alternatives is what catches our eye next, bringing both classy and sporty styles for every style and every type of look you aim to create. From the elegant silhouette-embracing coat to the padded options ready to wrap you up in style, these pieces come in different lengths and shades to meet everyone's style demands. Also, we can't but mention those cool knitted sweaters, especially the ones decorated with the animal images.
So thanks to the Betty Barclay fall/winter 2014-2015 collection your choice of perfect fall style staples becomes wider and the chances to look amazing every day and everywhere gets bigger consequently. You have absolutely no excuse to look monotonous and boring after this!
Tags: Betty Barclay Fall/Winter 2014-2015


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An intense combat-action flying experience, Defender offers players the ultimate in next-generation action and strategy. Players defend and protect the human race from an alien invasion as they assume the controls of next-generation combat-ready Defender ships. Battling an onslaught of vicious aliens, players strategically pilot their ship through more than 14 treacherous missions spanning the solar system, executing dynamic tactical maneuvers such as barrel rolls, 360-degree loops and spinning reversals in order to evade the enemy.
Release Region: United States
Release Date: November 5, 2002
Publisher: Midway Games
Release Region: United Kingdom
Release Date: March 14, 2003
Publisher: Midway Games
Release Region: Japan
Release Date: Unreleased
Publisher: Midway Games
Also available on: Atari 5200, Atari 2600, PlayStation 2, Xbox, TI-99/4a, Atari 400/800/XL/XE, Web Games, Colecovision, Wireless, Arcade, LCD games, Xbox 360
1 block
For more info on these technical requirements and features, please view GameSpy's Specs FAQ.


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The 1965 White Sox Through the Eyes of a Child
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WSI Church Elder
Join Date: Nov 2004
Location: Japan
Posts: 1,973
The 1965 White Sox Through the Eyes of a Child
When I was about 7 years old in 1992 my great-grandfather sent me a box. It wasn't my birthday and it wasn't near Christmas, it was just because. There were about 500 baseball cards in that box, and I was hooked. As a kid I amassed what is now a substantially worthless collection of about 20,000 cards, and I would sift through the cards while I watched baseball games on TV, examining a player's card when he was up to bat or the starting pitcher. Now I actively collect vintage White Sox cards in mid- to high-grade. I'm one card away from completely finishing my first year, 1965, a 30-card set.
A couple weeks ago, I started thinking about what I was going to do with the set once I finished. I realized that other than the White Sox' record at the end of the season and what place the team finished in (both of which I looked up when I started on the set), I really didn't know much about the 1965 team at all. I wish I'd had a chance to watch some of these lesser-known White Sox players while collecting their cards, like I did in the '90s. So decided I would do a little research, learning about the team's season by learning about each White Sox player with a card in the set.
The theory is simple: each player on a baseball team makes some sort of impact on that team over the course of a season. Each one has a season worth of stats which, in the aggregate, affected the team's season. And most if not all had at least a few memorable moments which had a direct impact on the outcome of a particular game.
Starting with my next post in this thread, I will cover those players who played for the 1965 White Sox but do not have a card, as well as those players who did not play for the 1965 White Sox but do have a card. After that, I'll take one player at a time, posting his 1965 Topps card. I'll give a brief bio of the player, closely examine his 1965 season, and describe one particular game where he had a direct impact. Those games will go in chronological order, and my only request is that the team's record and place in the standings not be revealed until the end of the project. Obviously that information can be found with the click of a button on the Internet, but I think some younger readers might enjoy letting the season unfold as it would have if they'd been following the team during the summer of 1965…and those who were fans in 1965 might enjoy reliving the season!
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HANG TIME HEADQUARTERS — Kareem Abdul-Jabbar finally gets his statue and now Shaquille O'Neal and Jamaal Wilkes will get their jerseys, No. 34 and No. 52 respectively, retired to the rafters at Staples Center.
It's been a pretty good week for former big men toiled for the Los Angeles Lakers at some point during their NBA careers. And it's going to be a busy season for the Lakers, who are legitimately back in the title hunt (with the additions of Steve Nash and Dwight Howard to their Kobe Bryant–Pau Gasol nucleus) after a two-year hiatus.
Kevin Ding of the Orange County Register served up not only a little perspective, but also some concrete dates as to when all these honors will be unveiled:
There haven't been many sweet moments between Shaquille O'Neal and the Lakers since his trade in 2004, but the big one will come April 2 at halftime of the game against Dallas.
O'Neal's No. 34 jersey will be retired, as Lakers owner Jerry Buss promised it would be, and go up on the Staples Center wall along with the Lakers' other greats. In eight Lakers seasons, O'Neal posted averages of 27.0 points, 11.8 rebounds and 2.49 blocked shots while winning three NBA championships (2000, 2001 and 2002).
On the wall already by then will be Jamaal Wilkes' No. 52, scheduled to be retired by the Lakers in an earlier ceremony in the coming season. Wilkes' honor will be at halftime on Dec. 28 against Portland.
The first reflective moment of the season will be the unveiling of Kareem Abdul-Jabbar's statue at Star Plaza outside Staples Center on Nov. 16.
Plans for the statue of Abdul-Jabbar and the jersey retirements for O'Neal and Wilkes were already confirmed last season by the Lakers. Wilkes was selected last season for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, and the Lakers' policy has been to retire the jerseys of all who are enshrined.
With O'Neal and Abdul-Jabbar taken care of, we started thinking about others in the Lakers' family tree and how they might be honored. Does Derek Fisher get a small plaque somewhere, a luxury suite named in his honor, anything?
And what about Phil Jackson?
We should probably leave it alone right now and just applaud the Lakers for doing all that they have done for the likes of Magic Johnson and Jerry West and now Kareem, Shaq and Wilkes.


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Ted Nugent's Extreme Remarks Get A Pass From CNN's Burnett
Blog ››› ››› CHELSEA RUDMAN
CNN host Erin Burnett didn't ask NRA board member Ted Nugent a single question about his recent violent remarks concerning gun policy, which included doubling down on his previous claim that he would be "dead or in jail" if Obama was reelected.
Burnett hosted Nugent on the April 11 broadcast of her show Erin Burnett OutFront to discuss pending gun safety legislation.
At no point did Burnett ask Nugent about comments he made during an April 8 interview on NRA News, when he complained that not enough was done to stop Obama's reelection and asked, "When I kick the door down in the enemy's camp, would you help me shoot somebody?" Nugent clarified that his reference to shooting people was "a metaphor" and that he's "not recommending shooting anybody." He also doubled down on his claim last year that he would be "either dead or in jail" in a year if the president was reelected.
Nugent is not a credible voice in the gun policy debate, as evidenced by his long history of inflammatory rhetoric and misinformation about gun violence. Nevertheless, Burnett has attempted to mainstream Nugent before. In February, Burnett's show featured an interview with Nugent where he suggested the government could confiscate firearms, a conspiracy theory that Burnett and CNN reporter Deb Feyerick later treated as a serious argument.
During the April 11 interview, Burnett experienced some of Nugent's inflammatory rhetoric firsthand when Nugent asked Burnett if she would "support my recommendation that we arrest Eric Holder" in order to "stop gun trafficking."
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Nurse 'can't imagine' not giving CPR | Health
ORANGE PARK, Fla. -- A First Coast nurse who saved a total stranger with CPR says she couldn't imagine not doing anything to help.
"God put me there at the right time and I was able to help and she's alive and well for that reason," said Jennifer Morton, a Licensed Practical Nurse at Oakleaf Village Elementary.
It was the complete opposite of what happened to a California woman who was deprived of CPR while she was dying. Just before Christmas, Morton was visiting an Orlando theme park with her family when her husband told her someone had collapsed on the ground.
"Well I just wanted to see if I could help. So many people were walking around not paying any attention," said Morton.
She immediately joined the paramedic trying to save the woman and connected an automated external defibrillator on the victim. After the device shocked the victim, Morton administered CPR until EMTs arrived and took over.
"I was very upset when we left there because she was down a very long time I didn't think she had a very good prognosis," said Morton.
But just last month, Morton got a face to face confirmation that the Orlando woman survived. She got a surprise visit at work and got to meet the victim who had survived the heart attack. Morton said anyone can follow directions and do CPR.
"I can't imagine being in that situation and not doing anything," added Morton.


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You will want to read this terrific article about Paula Todd, long time genealogist and volunteer librarian at the John McIntire Library in Zanesville, Ohio – part of the Muskingum County (OH) Library System.
I was at the (Family History Center in Zanesville) I walked in not knowing what I wanted to find out, except I wanted to find out about the Ethell family. I heard some woman in the back of the room say, 'I have Ethells in my family.' And I thought, 'Oh, sure, that's probably no relations of mine at all.' But whoever was at the desk put me on a reader of some kind. A census reader to start with. And pretty soon the woman in the back came and laid this Ethell book beside me. I copied it off just to be nice to her if nothing else because she was going to such great lengths. And I got home and looked at that and there was my family laid out in front of me. Right in front of me!
Click here to read the rest of the article in the Zanesville Times Recorder. Kearns, Charlie. Genealogist Looks Back. 12 April 2009
…and there was my family laid out in front of me. Right in front of me!
Click here to search for obituaries – Zanesville Times Recorder – 2002 – Today
Click here to search Ohio's old newspapers – 1802-1922


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This song is inspired by the classic protest song "It isn't nice" by Malvina Reynolds.
Follow along:
It isn't nice to grab my data
from my implantable device.
Then to hog it, keep it from me.
That's not right, I've told you twice.
It isn't nice, it isn't nice,
How can it be so hard to see
that I am the patient, it's my data,
my heart, my ICD.
You ask me why I want these numbers
that you collect through my phone line
Then I give you all these reasons,
You still say no, that is not fine.
It isn't nice, it isn't nice.
It is my heart, my ICD
All I want is access, why on Earth...
won't you give it to me?
Your excuse is: I'm unable
to make sense of the reports.
Will you please not patronize me.
Do I have to take this to the courts?
It isn't nice, it isn't nice.
How can it be so hard to see?
After all I am the patient
And the one with the ICD.
I think I know what your concerns are.
You want to keep me in the dark
I may learn who has the pacer
with longer life and bigger spark.
It isn't nice, it isn't nice,
How can it be so hard to see?
It's time for you to unlock this,
I'm the one with the ICD.
I know it's not nice to hack my pacer,
or intercept my Carelink call,
There are nicer ways to do it,
but you always seem to stall.
it isn't nice, it isn't nice,
but if my data is kept from me,
I just have no choice, I gotta have it
Why won't you hear my plea?
One day you'll go into retirement.
I hope still to be around,
with full access to my data.
Before they put me in the ground
It would be nice, it would be nice
If you are finally made to see
That the data is mine, just hear me out!
We have to set it free!


text: A sold sign in Chicago earlier this year. Scott Olson/Getty Images hide caption toggle caption Scott Olson/Getty Images The Two-Way Existing Home Sales Dip After Hitting 4-Year High October 21, 2013 Though sales edged down in September from August, they were still well above the pace of a year earlier. Much more will be learned about how the economy fared last month when data on jobs and unemployment are released Tuesday.


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Shibori Pink Kurta Material + Blue Dupatta (S-ST)
One Shibori Pink Dress Material + Blue Dupatta COMBO
Shipping Information - Dispatched in 7 - 10 business days. Returns accepted within 10 days of delivery. (Read Return Policy)
Dress Material Specifications
- Size - 46in x 94in
- Fabric - 100% Cotton
Dupatta Specifications
- Size - 2.5 Mtrs
- Fabric - 100% Cotton Mul
Care - Machine wash separately in cold water with mild detergent. Do not soak. Dry in shade.
*This product is dyed using the Shibori technique and there could be slight irregularities. Shibori is done by hand and no two designs can be the same. There will be differences in terms of the resist created. The actual product may vary slightly from the image.
**Prices and product availability are subject to change without notice
We Also Recommend
Shibori Black Kurta Material + Black Dupatta (VL-C)
Shibori Blue Kurta Material + Pink Dupatta (VL-C)
Shibori Orange Kurta Material + Orange Dupatta (VL-S)
Shibori Gold Kurta Material + Gold Dupatta (C-ST)


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Winnie Khoo necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 55 diseños de 16 diseñadores freelance.
Vertical One
This is a partnership project, called Vertical One Alliance. It is the collaboration of 5 top websites in Singapore, namely: PropertyGuru.com.sg (property), Sgcarmart.com (automobiles), wego.com (travel), cozycot.com.sg (female), VRZone.com (technology).
We need a innovative logo to represent this alliance. This logo will be used on both online and print media, on all the high traffic websites that the group owns, as well as the new website of this alliance.
We want the logo to represent forward thinking, innovation as well as portray the fact that all these websites are the #1 in their respective industries. The fact that all the top 5 websites are combining our content to build one comprehensive vertical site to cater to the needs of all possible lifestyle needs, be it property, cars, female lifestyle, techology or travel, this is the first such alliance in Singapore.
The existing logos of all 5 websites are attached in this brief. It need not be looking alike, just for reference.
Consumers in Singapore that are netsavvy and are looking online to find their property, cars, female lifestyle, techology or travel needs.
We need a logo that best represents the above needs. The logo will be both online and offline versions. Simple and clean design is good.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.