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Oklahoma students attend national archery tournament; students bring home championships
Oklahoma Station Chapter SCI to sponsor veteran's big game hunt
Squirrel season offers unique, long-lasting hunting opportunity
Invasive algae found in Lower Mountain Fork River; anglers can help prevent spread
Wildlife Department offers tool for developers to protect critical prairie chicken habitat
Last chance to apply for Wildlife Department's Controlled Hunts as May 15 deadline approaches
Wildlife Department offers tool for developers to protect critical prairie
chicken habitat
The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation today released its new tool designed to protect and conserve imperiled lesser prairie chickens affected by land development in western Oklahoma.
"The tool, known as the Oklahoma Lesser Prairie Chicken Spatial Planning Tool, is a habitat-based model that quantifies the value of every acre within lesser prairie chicken range," said Russ Horton, research supervisor for the Wildlife Department. "This tool should prove invaluable to responsible developers and planners as they search for sites where development would least impact Oklahoma's dwindling population of lesser prairie chickens."
The lesser prairie chicken is identified as a species of greatest conservation need in Oklahoma and is a candidate for federal listing as threatened, range-wide. The sand shinnery and sand sagebrush native rangelands of northwest Oklahoma are crucial for survival of this species. The same area also provides some of Oklahoma's most abundant sources of energy including wind, oil and natural gas. Efforts to harvest this energy are projected to rapidly intensify over the next few years.
"Oklahoma's wind industry will provide a clean source of domestically produced energy that will contribute to our state's future economic growth," noted Secretary of Energy Robert Wegener. "It is critical for this industry and others impacting the prairies of western Oklahoma to utilize tools such as this."
Secretary of the Environment J.D. Strong added, "If the wind industry is to remain 'green,' and others want to demonstrate their concern for our environment, then necessary steps such as this must be taken to avoid endangering Oklahoma's few remaining lesser prairie chickens. I strongly encourage everyone engaged in energy development in western Oklahoma to utilize this valuable new tool to plan future projects that protect, rather than destroy, one of our state's most threatened prairie species."
Researchers have found that lesser prairie chickens, particularly nesting hens, avoid vertical structures because they are often used as perches by predators such as hawks, eagles and owls. Habitat fragmentation caused by a number of factors including transmission lines, roads and highways, buildings and tree encroachment into prairie habitats, as well as conversion of native rangeland to cropland or non-native vegetation, can all be detrimental to lesser prairie chickens.
"The Wildlife Department understands that developers must consider a number of factors when planning locations but strongly encourages developers to use this tool in the planning process to minimize or eliminate negative impacts on the prairie chicken and their associated habitats," Horton said.
The Oklahoma Lesser Prairie Chicken Spatial Planning Tool was developed in cooperation with the Secretary of Environment, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The Nature Conservancy, OSU Extension, G.M. Sutton Avian Research Center and the Playa Lakes Joint Venture.
"Tools such as the Oklahoma Lesser Prairie Chicken Spatial Planning Tool, in conjunction with on-going prairie conservation actions, will be important to strategically conserve the prairie chicken and it's habitat and to preclude the need to list the species under the Endangered Species Act, all while still meeting the energy needs of the United States," said Ken Frazier, assistant field supervisor for the Oklahoma Ecological Services Field Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
In addition to helping determine areas where development would least impact prairie chickens, the Spatial Planning Tool also can be used in assessing the cost of developments within the lesser prairie chicken's range, as well as to prioritize areas and costs for prairie chicken habitat restoration and recovery efforts. If it is necessary to site a project or structure in an area that will impact lesser prairie chickens, the Department hopes developers will use the tool to determine a voluntary contribution to offset the impacts of that development.
The Oklahoma Lesser Prairie Chicken Spatial Planning Tool, available on the Wildlife Department's Web site at http://www.wildlifedepartment.com/lepcdevelopmentplanning.htm, is provided in formats compatible with both GIS (.img) and Google Earth (.kmz). Maps in both 8.5" x 14" and 33" x 44" are also available.
"The unique habitats found in northwest Oklahoma are invaluable to wildlife as well as to wind energy development, so the Wildlife Department and energy developers have to work together to ensure that our state's wildlife heritage remains strong," Horton said. "To that end, we have used the model to create maps showing areas where wind resources are suitable for development, with minimal effect or no effects at all on the lesser prairie chicken."
For more information about the lesser prairie chicken, log on to wildlifedepartment.com.
Hackberry Flat Center to host outdoor fun for the family
The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Friends of Hackberry Flat are partnering to host a free family-oriented day of outdoor fun Saturday, May 9 at the Hackberry Flat Center near Frederick in southwest Oklahoma.
The Family Fun Day will offer activities ranging from birding tours and wetland hayrides to archery, shotgun shooting, and building birdhouses for guests to take home with them, among others.
"This will be a chance for the public to tour the new Hackberry Flat Center," said Melynda Hickman, wildlife diversity biologist for the Wildlife Department. "We've got a bunch of great activities planned for the Family Fun Day, and I am really looking forward to meeting young and old alike and showing them around Hackberry Flat."
Along with outdoor activities, inside the Center visitors will be able to view wetland wildlife in the wetland classroom, make an edible wetland, and experience an interactive exhibit about bats in Oklahoma. Additionally, children's book author Desiree Webber will be on hand teaching youngsters how the bison was reintroduced at the Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge in her children's book, The Buffalo Train.
Birding tours will begin at 8 a.m. and 2 p.m. The Friends of Hackberry Flat will offer the birdhouse "make-n-take programs" at 9:30 a.m., 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. to the first 10 families at each of the programs.
The Family Fun Day is free, and no registration is required. The event will begin at 9 a.m. Saturday, May 9 and will run until 4 p.m.
All activities will begin at the new Hackberry Flat Center, a facility that provides wetland classroom experiences for school groups, programs on wildlife and wildlife-related activities as well as meeting facilities for resource-oriented programs, workshops and meetings.
Hackberry Flat WMA covers 7,120 acres of Tillman County in southwest Oklahoma. Located southeast of the town of Frederick, Hackberry Flat WMA is a combination of upland and wetland habitats. Approximately 99 water control structures, 35 miles of dikes, four miles of water distribution canals and 35 wetland units have been constructed to provide wetland wildlife habitat.
For more information or to receive a booklet about the Hackberry Flat Wildlife Management Area call the Frederick Chamber of Commerce at (580) 335-2126 or call Hickman at (405) 990-4977. To view more information online, including a 16-page informational guide on Hackberry Flat, log on to http://www.wildlifedepartment.com
Last chance to apply for Wildlife Department's Controlled Hunts as May 15 deadline approaches
Hunters have until May 15 to submit applications for the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation's Controlled Hunts program, which gives them a chance at drawing out for a bull elk, whitetail deer, antelope or other highly sought-after controlled hunt.
Applications are completed online through the Wildlife Department's Web site at wildlifedepartment.com.
Administered by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, the Controlled Hunts Program offers a wide variety of highly desirable hunts through a random drawing. Controlled hunting opportunities offered through the program include hunts on Department or other government-owned or managed lands where unrestricted hunting would pose safety concerns or where overharvest might occur.
"Sportsmen have over 140 different quality hunts to choose from including elk, antelope, deer, turkey, and quail hunts," said Melinda Sturgess-Streich, assistant director of administration for the Wildlife Department. "Thirty-two of these hunts are designed specifically for youth ages 14-16. You don't want to miss out on these hunting opportunities, so mark your calendars to apply before the deadline of May 15."
All applicants, including lifetime license holders, must pay a $5 application fee to enter the Controlled Hunts drawings. The fee is paid only once per person per year regardless of the number of categories entered.
"A single $5 fee for an opportunity to hunt elk, antelope, or deer alone is minor in comparison to the thousands of dollars that some sportsmen pay to attend similar hunts," Sturgess-Streich said. "Plus, it's all done online through a secure application process that only accepts applications once they have been filed correctly, which means you can't mess up your application or your chance to be drawn for a hunt."
Applicants have until May 15 to apply online.
For complete application instructions, including tips on enhancing your chances of being selected as well as a full listing of available hunts for elk, deer, antelope, turkey, quail and raccoon, log on to http://www.wildlifedepartment.com
Oklahoma students attend national archery tournament; students bring
home championships
Students from Oklahoma claimed two individual national championships and several other high standings at the National Archery in the Schools Program National Tournament May 8-9 in Louisville, Ky.
Kolt Perkins of Zaneis Elementary School near Wilson took the 6th-grade boys national championship and was the highest scoring elementary student with 292 points out of 300 and 23 bullseyes. The bullseye at the center of the target is about three inches in diameter. Perkins outscored 1,006 other elementary students to claim the first place spot and become one of the first two Oklahomans to win a National Archery in the Schools Program national championship. Perkins' score also was the highest ever achieved by an elementary boy in the history of the national tournament.
Perkins' mother, Kelly Sue Perkins, said the Archery in the Schools program has helped her son succeed.
"We just want to thank the schools for putting the archery program into place here," she said, adding that Kolt "has accomplished so much" by participating in archery at Zaneis.
Perkins' father, Kelly Lee Perkins, said archery as well as hunting has always been a pastime for Kolt.
"He's always played with bows and arrows instead of baseballs," he said.
The other Oklahoman to claim a first-place win was Meredith Noland of Chickasha, whose score of 278 and 12 bullseyes was enough to claim the 4th-grade girls national championship and fifth place among all elementary girls. More than 600 elementary girls competed.
Oklahoma also was among the top states in attendance at the shoot, with 206 shooters out of nearly 5,000 from across the country in attendance. Thirty-two states and Canada were represented at the shoot. Oklahoma students qualified for the national competition based on their individual and team scores from the Oklahoma Archery in the Schools State Shoot held in April at the Cox Convention Center in Oklahoma City. The Oklahoma Archery in the Schools Program, administered in the state by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, is part of a national organization that introduces students to the sport of archery, in which students of all athletic abilities can learn and excel.
"It's quite an accomplishment for Oklahoma to bring home a national championship in just its fifth year of offering the program," said Colin Berg, education supervisor for the Wildlife Department. "Not only is this young man a gifted athlete, but he had to work hard at this sport to get this far, and this is just the tip of the iceberg for Oklahoma's involvement in this program. It has grown from small roots over the last five years to more than 180 Oklahoma schools participating in the program now. I'd say we have a lot more national championships that Oklahoma students will be bringing home in the future."
In addition to first place wins claimed by Perkins and Noland, other Oklahoma elementary students placed high in their categories.
Brooks Bush of Chickasha Elementary took 5th place in the 5th-grade elementary boys category with a score of 279 and 14 bullseyes, and Hailey Pilkenton and Hadlie Barnes, both 5th-graders at Greenville Elementary, tied with scores of 277 and 13 bullseyes each. In a shoot-off, Barnes claimed fourth place. Haylie Douglas of Chickasha placed 6th in the 5th-grade girls category with 273 points and 14 bullseyes.
In the middle school division, two boys scored in the top 15 out of 880 shooters. Danny Phillips of Maryetta Junior High in Stilwell placed 10th with 287 points and 19 bullseyes, and Will Gibson of Chandler placed 12th with 286 points and 18 bullseyes. Hannah Lawhorn of Keystone School near Sand Springs scored 32nd in the middle school girls division, with 275 points and 13 bullseyes.
High-schoolers also scored well, taking home a 32nd and 35th place out of 926 shooters in the boys category and a 54th place out of 588 in the girls category.
Taylor Gibson of Chandler High School placed 32nd in the boys category with his score of 287 and 18 bullseyes, and Houston Gaither of Coweta High School placed 35th with 286 points and 20 bullseyes. Tiffany Thompson of Coweta High School placed 54th in the girls category with 274 points, which included 14 bullseyes.
Back in April, 1,085 students from 93 schools across the state gathered at the Cox Convention Center for the Oklahoma Archery in the Schools State Shoot to wrap up a season of archery practice and competition at their respective schools and to determine qualifiers for the national shoot.
The number of students at the state shoot reflects the growth of the OAIS program during its five years of existence. This year's state shoot saw an increase of more than 300 students over last year's shoot and almost 600 more students than were present in 2007. The state shoot also has grown so much that the Wildlife Department was forced to move it from the University of Central Oklahoma in Edmond to the Cox Center to accommodate more shooters.
"The great thing about this program is that so many kids can get involved and become very skilled at the sport of archery, which is something they will be able to do for fun for the rest of their lives," said Lance Meek, Oklahoma Archery in the Schools coordinator for the Wildlife Department.
The state shoot is the season finale for the OAIS program, and qualifiers move on to the national shoot in Louisville.
The Archery in the Schools curriculum is designed for 4th-12th graders and covers archery history, safety, techniques, equipment, mental concentration and self-improvement.
More than 180 schools across the state have enrolled in the Oklahoma Archery in the Schools program, which offers archery to students, and grant money can make it easy for other schools to join up as well.
"Thanks to a Wildlife Department grant, schools can now get involved in the program for a fraction of the cost of the equipment," Meek said.
Partial grants are available for schools to acquire all the equipment, including bows, arrows, targets and safety nets necessary to begin an OAIS program in their communities at little cost, and curriculum and training also are available through the Wildlife Department.
In order to be eligible for a grant, the school must send a teacher to an eight-hour workshop where they will learn how to conduct the program at their school and instruct students in archery.
For more information on the Archery in the Schools program, log on to wildlifedepartment.com.
Oklahoma Station Chapter SCI to sponsor veteran's big game hunt
Sportsmen looking for a way to honor a military veteran can do so by encouraging them to apply for a free African big game hunt sponsored by the Oklahoma Station Chapter of Safari Club International.
The Oklahoma Station Chapter of SCI, in partnership with Mankazana Safaris and others, will send one military veteran who received the Purple Heart decoration for service prior to May 8, 1975 on an all-expense paid, seven-day trip to Africa to hunt several big game species such as impalas and warthogs. Applicants must meet several requirements along with being an Oklahoma resident and Purple Heart recipient. To see a full list of application instructions and eligibility requirements, log on to the Oklahoma Station Chapter's Web site at oklahomastationsci.org.
Veterans have until Oct. 15 to apply, and the results will be announced March 6, 2010.
"The leaders of the Oklahoma Station Chapter of SCI are pleased to honor all of our armed-forces veterans," said Mike Mistelske, current president of the Oklahoma Station Chapter. "All citizens of these great United States of America owe our many freedoms to the men and women of all generations who have served in our armed forces, giving their time, and in many cases their health or even their lives, to win and preserve our way of life. We thank them all."
The Oklahoma Station Chapter of Safari Club International offers support and funding to local conservation efforts that benefit the sportsmen and wildlife of Oklahoma. The chapter is a supporter of projects conducted by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, such as the Hunters Against Hunger program that coordinates the annual distribution of over 30,000 of pounds of venison to needy families. The Chapter is also a sponsor of the Wildlife Department's Oklahoma Wildlife Expo, which educates tens of thousands of Oklahomans each year on the value of wildlife and the outdoors to quality of life in Oklahoma, and an annual youth writing contest that encourages young people to share their enthusiasm for the outdoor heritage.
For more information about the Oklahoma Station Chapter of SCI, log on to oklahomastationsci.org.
Squirrel season offers unique, long-lasting hunting opportunity
Sportsmen wrap up their turkey hunting each spring just in time to prepare for the May 15 opener of squirrel season, one of Oklahoma's most generous hunting opportunities.
Squirrels are readily available on public and private lands all across the state. Hunters can harvest 10 squirrels daily and enjoy nearly nine full months (May 15-Jan. 31) of hunting opportunity.
Oklahoma is home to two species of squirrel that are legal to hunt — the eastern gray squirrel, which inhabits the eastern portion of the state, and the fox squirrel, which is found statewide in suitable habitats.
Sportsmen use several approaches to hunt squirrels, among them calling, stalking, still hunting or relying on dogs trained to hunt and locate squirrels. Both shotguns and .22 rifles are good choices for hunting small game.
One of the number one things squirrel hunters should look for when deciding where to hunt is a food source that is producing food during the time of year that you plan to hunt squirrels.
Foods attractive to squirrels include a variety seeds, nuts, berries, insects, pine cones and buds from a variety of plants and trees. Depending on the time of year, some foods are more readily available than others. This spring, hunters should watch for mulberry trees and other fruit trees. As early fall arrives, hickory nuts will become attractive as well as other nut-producing trees. About any tract of oaks, hickory or pecan trees can be productive.
Additionally, hunters who use one of a variety of manufactured squirrel calls can locate squirrels quickly and even draw squirrels in closer to them, eliminating some of the guess work of deciding where to start their hunt. Hunters who use dogs generally send their dogs in the direction they wish to walk, and then follow behind while the dog locates a squirrel.
Regardless of method, hunters have no shortage of squirrel hunting opportunities. Excellent squirrel hunting can be found on a number of wildlife management areas such as Keystone, Spavinaw Hills, Hickory Creek and many others across the state.
Hunters taking to the woods after squirrels would also be interested to know that squirrel skins and/or tails may be legally sold and have brought up to $2 for whole skins in recent years.
Additionally, squirrel meat makes excellent tablefare and is popular for use in a variety of recipes.
To hunt squirrels in Oklahoma, hunters need a resident or non-resident hunting license, unless exempt, and a $5 Fishing and Hunting Legacy Permit, unless exempt. Resident hunters younger than age 16 can hunt squirrels without a license. For a complete list of squirrel hunting regulations consult the current "Oklahoma Hunting Guide" or log on to the Department's Web site at http://www.wildlifedepartment.com
Invasive algae found in Lower Mountain Fork River; anglers can help prevent spread
The recent discovery of an invasive alga in a southeast Oklahoma river serves to remind anglers of their role in helping prevent the spread of aquatic nuisance species.
Biologists with the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and the University of Oklahoma recently confirmed the presence of Didymosphenia geminata, also known by anglers as "Didymo" or "rock snot," in the Lower Mountain Fork River below Broken Bow Lake. The invasive species is native to North America and thrives in low-nutrient, cold, flowing streams rich in oxygen, such as the Lower Mountain Fork River, the Lower Illinois River and the Blue River.
Didymo starts out as small tufted colonies, but can grow into dense, thick mats that cover large portions of a streambed.
"When it forms extensive mats or produces large blooms, rock snot can outcompete native algae relied on by aquatic insects," said Curtis Tackett, aquatic nuisance biologist for the Wildlife Department. "That may not sound like a problem, except that those insects provide an important source of food for trout in the Lower Mountain Fork River."
Tackett said that in some cases, the reduction of available food sources for trout because of competition from invasive species like Didymo can result in smaller fish. Additionally, Didymo can clog water pipes and other flow structures as well as become quite a nuisance to anglers because of how easily it can be snagged by a fish hook.
"Anglers can help prevent further spread of Didymo and other aquatic nuisance species, and it just takes a little bit of effort," Tackett said. "But that effort can go a long way."
According to Tackett, the following measures can be taken to prevent the spread of aquatic nuisance species:
* Before leaving a river or stream, remove all clumps of algae and look for hidden fragments.
* Soak and scrub all gear for at least one minute in a two percent bleach solution, or five percent salt solution, or simply use hot water and dishwashing soap.
* If cleaning is not practical, then wait at least 48 hours before contact with another water body after equipment has dried.
* Consider keeping two sets of wading boots, and alternate their use between cleaning and drying.
* Avoid using felt-soled waders.
* Avoid wading through colonies of the algae. Breaking up the material could cause future colonies and blooms to occur further downstream.
For more information about the Lower Mountain Fork River trout fishery, log on to the Wildlife Department's Web site at wildlifedepartment.com.
Oklahoma's Free Fishing Days slated
Anglers can fish for free June 6-7 during Oklahoma's Free Fishing Days, which allow people to fish without state fishing licenses or permits (including trout licenses and fishing and hunting legacy permits).
Fishing in Oklahoma normally requires a license and a fishing and hunting legacy permit, which you can purchase at various sporting good vendors across the state. Additionally, trout anglers must normally possess a trout license to fish in designated trout waters in the state.
"Oklahoma's Free Fishing Days provide a good chance to take someone who has never been angling on a fishing trip with you, since they don't have to buy a license or permit to go," said Damon Springer, Aquatic Resource Education coordinator for the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. "Anglers have an opportunity to draw someone to the sport who otherwise wouldn't know what fun they are missing."
According to Springer, there are many accessible waters to fish in Oklahoma, ranging from lakes and rivers to urban ponds designated by the Wildlife Department as "Close to Home Fishing" waters. Anglers who don't know where to start can turn to the Wildlife Department's weekly state fishing report to find just the right place to go. Anglers can receive the fishing report by subscribing to the Department's weekly news release at http://www.wildlifedepartment.com
"The Department's state fishing report is compiled by Wildlife Department employees and volunteers and covers lakes and waters throughout every region in the state," Springer said. "The reports offer information about water conditions as well as which fish are biting and on what baits."
Anglers should note that certain city permits may still apply to specific fishing areas during Free Fishing Days.
Oklahoma was the first state in the nation to offer free fishing days over 25 years ago and has since been followed by dozens of other states that have established similar days.
Anglers should be aware of and abide by all Texas fishing license and permit requirements when fishing the Texas portion of Lake Texoma June 6-7. The Texas Free Fishing Day is June 6, so anglers will be able to fish both Texas and Oklahoma portions of the lake for free that day. On June 7, free fishing will only be allowed on the Oklahoma portion of the lake. Anglers must follow all other fishing regulations.
Selman Bat Watch
registration available soon
Texoma Lake
Largemouth bass
Weight: 9.9 lbs.
Angler: Andrew Blalock
Date: April 11
Bait: Hard baits/plugs
Photo link: http://lake-record.ou.edu/fishsite/public/fishView.php?id=613
Flathead catfish
Weight: 43.6 lbs.
Angler: Nathan Coyle
Date: April 10
Bait: Natural bait
Photo link: http://lake-record.ou.edu/fishsite/public/fishView.php?id=640
Fort Gibson
Weight: 2.1 lbs.
Angler: Marshall Jones
Date: April 9
Bait: Soft plastic
Photo link: http://lake-record.ou.edu/fishsite/public/fishView.php?id=614
Blue catfish
Weight: 62 lbs.
Angler: Tom Applegate
Date: April 7
Bait: Natural bait
Photo link: http://lake-record.ou.edu/fishsite/public/fishView.php?id=610
Lake Murray
Largemouth bass
Weight: 10.9 lbs.
Angler: Charles Samuel Jewell, Jr.
Date: March 24
Bait: Soft plastic
Photo link: http://lake-record.ou.edu/fishsite/public/fishView.php?id=691
Grand Lake
Weight: 2.6 lbs.
Angler: Paul J. Youngblood
Date: March 9
Bait: Jig
Photo link: http://lake-record.ou.edu/fishsite/public/fishView.php?id=664
Plan a summer fishing "staycation" for the family
The search is on this summer for activities that are fun for the entire family yet easy on the wallet, and officials with the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation say fishing provides the answer.
According to Jeff Boxrucker, assistant chief of fisheries for the Wildlife Department, fishing is about as economical and relaxing as it gets. The start-up costs are minimal — a rod and reel, a little bait and an appropriate fishing license are all it takes — and the sport itself is easy to learn.
"Oklahoma has so many good fishing opportunities that one could never try them all this summer, and fishing is a great way to get away for an in-state vacation or for a one-day outing with the family," Boxrucker said. "If you combine fishing with wildlife watching, hiking or camping, you can have a full getaway right here in Oklahoma that will be fun and memorable."
Fishing in Oklahoma normally requires a license and a fishing and hunting legacy permit, which you can purchase at various sporting good vendors across the state. Additionally, trout anglers must normally possess a trout license to fish in designated trout waters in the state. However, anglers fishing June 6-7 can fish without a state license during Oklahoma's free fishing days. Anglers should note that certain city permits may still apply to specific fishing areas during Free Fishing Days.
Oklahoma was the first state in the nation to offer free fishing days over 25 years ago and has since been followed by dozens of other states that have established similar days.
Free Fishing Days offer one way that families can enjoy an inexpensive day on the water by fishing at lakes and ponds across the state or at one of Oklahoma's year-round designated trout waters. Anglers should be aware of and abide by all Texas fishing license and permit requirements when fishing the Texas portion of Lake Texoma June 6-7. The Texas Free Fishing Day is June 6, so anglers will be able to fish both Texas and Oklahoma portions of the lake for free that day. On June 7, free fishing will only be allowed on the Oklahoma portion of the lake. Anglers must follow all other fishing regulations.
Families who would like to learn more about fishing together can attend one of several fishing clinics held throughout the summer as part of the Wildlife Department's Aquatic Resource Education Program. Clinics are held at the Arcadia Conservation Education Area at Lake Arcadia as well as other locations in the Oklahoma City and Tulsa areas. For a full schedule of clinics, log on to wildlifedepartment.com.
Another option to explore for an easy-to-plan family fishing getaway is the Wildlife Department's Close to Home Fishing program, which offers fishing opportunities in or near urban areas. To learn more or to find Close to Home Fishing areas or other angling opportunities, log on to the Wildlife Department's Web site at wildlifedepartment.com or consult the current "Oklahoma Fishing Guide," available at sporting goods stores or anywhere fishing licenses are sold. The sources also include tips for catching and identifying the various species of Oklahoma fish, regulations, fish recipes and more. Fishing licenses and permits also are available for purchase at wildlifedepartment.com.
Free family fishing clinics slated throughout summer
Free fishing clinics offered by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation's Aquatic Resource Education Program are being held throughout the summer to teach families about the sport of fishing.
Through the Wildlife Department's Aquatic Resources Education Program (AREP), kids and adults can choose from courses held near urban areas throughout the state this summer to learn about fishing, an activity that has remained popular throughout history.
Oklahoma has thousands of miles of shoreline along its many lakes, rivers, streams and ponds, and many of them are close to urban areas and open to the public for angling. The AREP program is designed to help people get a start in the sport so they can take advantage of the many fishing opportunities available to them.
According to Damon Springer, aquatic education coordinator for the Wildlife Department, the free clinics will benefit families trying to learn about the sport as well as those looking for easy and affordable opportunities to spend time with family.
"The family fishing clinics are a great opportunity for families to have an activity they can all do together," Springer said.
The Aquatic Resource Education Program will hold classes starting in May and running through August, many of which will be held at the Wildlife Department's Arcadia Conservation Education Area in Edmond or the Zebco Pond in Tulsa. Others will be held at local ponds in Oklahoma City and in Jenks. A full course listing is available on the Wildlife Department's Web site at wildlifedepartment.com. Pre-registration for each course is required and can be done by calling the phone number listed with each course.
The Aquatic Resources Education Program is the Department's means to promote the sport of fishing and aquatic resource awareness as well as a way to give youth, regardless of family situation, an opportunity to learn about Oklahoma's aquatic environments and how to fish.
Developed in 1988, the program's objectives are to increase the understanding, appreciation, and awareness of Oklahoma's aquatic resources; facilitate the learning of angling skills, outdoor ethics, and sportfishing opportunities in the state; enhance urban fishing opportunities; develop adult fishing clinics and provide information on specialized fishing techniques.
These one-day events present information on such topics as fish identification, knot-tying, fish cleaning and cooking, fishing tackle selection and use, water safety, outdoor ethics and more.
Most clinics, including Lake Arcadia family fishing clinics, include fishing at a nearby pond or lake.
According to Springer, the fishing clinics will benefit youth as well as play an important role of the future of Oklahoma's outdoor heritage.
"Children are the future of fishing," Springer said. "We need to get them involved any chance we get. These clinics give us the chance to introduce those young and old to the sport."
For more information about the Aquatic Resources Education Program, log on to the Department's Web site at wildlifedepartment.com.


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We would like to thank and praise two groups: the residents of Evans City and the firemen and women of Cranberry.
On Aug. 23, the Missing In America Project and almost 200 veterans from Butler County and surrounding areas departed in the rain on 58 motorcycles and in 29 automobiles to transport the forgotten cremains of 10 Butler County veterans to the National Cemetery of the Alleghenies. Among them were vehicles of the Pennsylvania State Police to lead and the Butler County Sheriff to protect the flank.
Those of us driving and riding in this group were not lacking for inspiration, but as we closed on Evans City ours was taken to a new level. It began at the Washington Trail Monument with the gentleman standing at attention in the rain while saluting with one hand and the American flag in the other. Upon descending down the hill into Evans City the unexpected sight was breathtaking. Also in the rain, on both sides of the street cheering residents were lined shoulder to shoulder the length of Main Street waving flags, emergency vehicles flashed red lights and police cars blocking for us.
Having seen things similar to this on U Tube videos; never was it expected to be seen and experienced personally. It brings chills up ones spine at the respect shown for the forgotten veterans and shows that patriotism is not dead in Butler County. Our hats are off to the residents of Evans City for that kind, inspiring gesture taking time from work or home as they stood in the rain cheering for veterans. Thank you Evans City!
A few miles further down our road; this time on I-79 passing through Cranberry, we came upon the massive 20 by 40 foot United States flag held on high over the lane that we passed through. At the base stood at least 10 solemn uniformed Cranberry firefighters, also in the rain, under the flag, standing in column at the roadside and saluting as we drove by. It was quite an experience, breathtaking, actually, and one that will be remembered for a long time. Thank you Cranberry!
We thank all of you who were involved in each phase of these acts of honor, dignity and respect.


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Israel News - Stay Informed, Pray Informed
The scandal over Hollywood actress Scarlett Johansson's representation of Israeli soda-maker SodaStream reached a peak just prior to last Sunday's Super Bowl, during which Johansson's SodaStream commercial officially debuted.
Scores of reporter, both foreign and local, amassed at SodaStream's flagship factory in the so-called "West Bank," the very factory for which the company has taken so much flak, in order to find out what all the fuss was about.
Johansson had found herself rebuked by various elements of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement that insists any Israeli business operating out of areas claimed by the Palestinian Arabs is by definition "exploitative."
In other words, it matters not that SodaStream has dozens of other factories in Israel-proper and around the world producing far more than the "West Bank" plant. The fact that the company operates at all in the disputed territories marks it as unethical and worthy of nothing but scorn.
It would be simple for SodaStream to simply close the "West Bank" plant and put all this mess behind it. But CEO Daniel Birnbaum has explained several times that there is one overriding reason he has rejected the "easy way out": it would put nearly 1,000 Palestinians out of a job, and a job that pays far more than they could earn elsewhere, at that.
And right there is the reason that the whole SodaStream scandal actually debunks the BDS movement, and demonstrates how it is actually exploiting average Palestinians for the sake of a nationalist, anti-Israel agenda.
A simple look at the numbers and the firsthand testimonies of Palestinian employees proves that far from being exploitative, SodaStream is providing the kind of jobs and incomes that Palestinians could only dream of in areas under the control of the Palestinian Authority.
SodaStream employees, both Arabs and Jews, earn an average Israeli salary, which is roughly triple that of the average Palestinian Authority salary.
Birnbaum doesn't want his Palestinian employees to lose those benefits, even though it would be easier for him and the company to simply shutter the plant. The BDS movement, on the other hands, does appear to give a rat's ass about so many Palestinians losing such lucrative jobs, so long as the area is cleansed of one more Jew-owned business.
So which side, one must wonder, is truly looking out for the well-being of average Palestinians, and which is simply using them as pawns in a grand nefarious scheme?
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Breyers Is No Longer 'Ice Cream' as Cost Cutting Measures Cheapen Their Product to 'Frozen Dairy Dessert'
To save the boring details up front, next time you're looking for ice cream and you see some awesome, fun flavors of Breyers that are on sale, know what you're getting. Breyers have cheapened their ingredients so much that they are no longer allowed to call their product 'ice cream'.
There was a commercial about five years ago where one kid was having trouble naming off the ingredients of a rival brand of ice cream, where the kid with Breyers named off the simple ingredients (vanilla, cream, sugar and milk, at the time). Now, much like their competitors, they're saving money by using ingredients like whey and corn syrup as a cheaper substitute.
From Wikipedia:
For several decades over 30% of Breyers products, including most of their products sold in the Northeastern U.S., were produced in a large plant outside Boston, in Framingham, Massachusetts. However, as part of further cost-cutting by Unilever, the plant was closed in March of 2011.
So, as it goes, they're making more money by selling you a less-natural product.
Before you think I'm a huge liberal tree-hugger, I really don't mind, either way. Of course I'd rather have all natural ingredients, but I'm also pro-science so if you can make a likeness there-of and not notice while saving a few bucks, why not give it a shot? You shouldn't be eating a ton of ice cream all the time as it is. Throw in a frozen dairy treat every now and again, you'll be fine.
I just wanted you to know what you're buying.


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Story highlights
- Sen. John McCain cautions against optimism
- Vice President Biden says the U.S. is willing to hold direct talks with Iran
- But the talks must have an agenda, he says
- Iran's foreign minister hopes the U.S. will soften its policies on Iran
Under the right conditions, the United States is willing to hold direct talks with Iran, Vice President Joe Biden said Saturday.
The United States "would be prepared to meet bilaterally with the Iranian leadership," he said during a speech at the Munich Security Conference.
The two nations are at odds, primarily over Iran's nuclear program, but there is a standing offer for talks.
"There has to be an agenda that they are prepared to speak to," Biden said. "We are not just prepared to do it for the exercise."
Meanwhile, Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi said in an interview with the semi-official Fars news agency that he hopes incoming U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry would work toward softening Washington's policies toward Iran and that Kerry "would at least rectify part of the U.S. government's anti-Iranian stance and policies."
Indirect talks with Iran, through the so-called P5+1 group (the five members of the United Nations Security Council and Germany), have been unsuccessful and have stalled for months.
The lack of progress in those talks have placed pressure on the Obama administration to rethink its diplomatic approach.
President Obama's nominee for secretary of defense, Chuck Hagel, has in the past called for direct talks with Iran. It was a point of contention during his confirmation hearing, with some Republicans accusing him of being too soft on Iran.
Kerry, during his confirmation hearing, said that the current sanctions against Iran are working, but there is hope that progress can be made on the diplomatic front.
Critics of direct talks say the Iranians take advantage of such opportunities to delay sanctions against them while they continue to work on their nuclear program.
The United States and Iran reportedly agreed to hold one-on-one talks last fall, but only after the U.S. presidential election. At the time, Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-South Carolina, accused the Iranians of exploiting the U.S. political campaign.
"As we talk with the Iranians, whether it's bilaterally or unilaterally, they continue to enrich (uranium)," he said in October.
The National Security Council denied at the time that there was any deal for bilateral talks with Iran.
Last month, the United States slapped new sanctions on the Islamic republic, targeting a handful of companies and individuals it says are providing materials and technology to Tehran's nuclear program.
The sanctions, announced by the U.S. State and Treasury departments, were the latest to target Iran's economy as well as its ability to develop nuclear material.
Iran maintains its nuclear program is for civilian energy purposes only. But the U.N.'s International Atomic Energy Agency has said it cannot verify whether the intent of the program is for peaceful means.
A number of Western nations have placed economic and arms-related sanctions on Iran since November 2010 when the nuclear watchdog said Tehran was pursuing technology that could be used to build nuclear weapons.
Since then, Iran has been hit by the United States and the European Union with an oil embargo as well as sanctions targeting its banks and number of its businesses.
Speaking at the same security conference in Germany as Biden, U.S. Sen. John McCain said he would not be against direct talks with Iran, but warned against misplaced optimism.
"I think we should learn the lessons of history and that is that no matter what the talks are, if you still have the fundamental problem -- and the fundamental problem is Iranians' commitment to acquisition of a nuclear weapon -- it doesn't matter to a significant degree," he said.
"We've seen this movie before. And obviously, I think any venue we would support, but to have grounds for optimism I think would be a mistake."


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David Morgan
Professor of Art, Art History and Visual Studies
Ph.D., University of Chicago 1990
M.A., University of Arizona 1984
B.A., Concordia College 1980
David Morgan is Professor of Religious Studies with a secondary appointment in the Department of Art, Art History, and Visual Studies at Duke. He chairs the Department of Religious Studies at Duke. Morgan received his Ph.D. at the University of Chicago in 1990. He has published several books and dozens of essays on the history of religious visual culture, on art history and critical theory, and on religion and media. Images at Work: The Material Culture of Enchantment, was published in 2018 by Oxford University Press. The Forge of Vision: A Visual History of Modern Christianity, based on the 2012 Cadbury Lectures delivered at the University of Birmingham, UK, appeared in 2015 from the University of California Press. Previous books include The Embodied Eye: Religious Visual Culture and the Social Life of Feeling (California, 2012), The Lure of Images: A History of Religion and Visual Media in America (Routledge, 2007) and two that he edited and contributed to: Religion and Material Culture: The Matter of Belief (Routledge, 2010) and Key Words in Religion, Media, and Culture (Routledge, 2008). Earlier works: Visual Piety (University of California Press, 1998), Protestants and Pictures (Oxford, 1999), and The Sacred Gaze (California, 2005). Morgan is co-founder and co-editor of the international scholarly journal, Material Religion, and co-editor of a book series at Routledge entitled "Religion, Media, and Culture." Morgan is currently at work on a new book under contract with the University of North Carolina Press, entitled "The Thing about Religion: An Introduction to Studying the Materiality of Belief."
ExpertiseHistory of religious visual culture, art history and critical theory, religion and media
Contact Information
Department of Religious Studies, Durham, NC 27708
Box 90964, Durham, NC 27708-0964
Morgan, D. Images at work: The material culture of enchantment. January 1, 2018. Full Text
Van Rompay, L, Miglarese, S, and Morgan, D. The long shadow of vatican II: Living faith and negotiating authority since the second vatican council. January 1, 2015.
Morgan, D. The Forge of Vision: A Visual History of Modern Christianity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015. (Monograph)
Morgan, D. The Embodied Eye: Religious Visual Culture and the Social Life of Feeling. University of California Press, 2012.
Religion and Material Culture: The Matter of Belief. Ed. D Morgan. London: Routledge, 2010. (Edited Book)
Morgan, D. Key words in religion, media and culture. June 30, 2008. Full Text
Morgan, D. The Sacred Heart of Jesus: The Visual Evolution of a Devotion. Amsterdam University Press, 2008.
Re-enchantment. Ed. D Morgan and J Elkins. New York: Routledge, 2008. (Edited Book)
Morgan, D. The Lure of Images: A History of Religion and Visual Media in America. Routledge, 2007.
Morgan, D. The sacred gaze: Religious visual culture in theory and practice. May 31, 2005.
Van Rompay, L, Miglarese, S, and Morgan, D. "Epilogue." The Long Shadow of Vatican II: Living Faith and Negotiating Authority Since the Second Vatican Council. January 1, 2015. 128-137.
Morgan, D. "The Senses in Religion: Migrations of Sacred and Sensory Values." A Cultural History of the Senses. Ed. JP Toner, C Classen, AC Vila, RG Newhauser, and D Howes. London: Berg, December 1, 2014. 89-111. (Chapter)
Morgan, D. "The Image of the Protestant Bible in America." The Bible in the Public Square. Ed. MA Chancey, C Meyers, and EM Meyers. Society of Biblical Literature, July 21, 2014. 93-120. (Chapter)
Morgan, D. "Reflection: Religious tracts in the eighteenth century." Media, Religion and Culture: An Introduction. January 1, 2014. 84-85.
Morgan, D. "Kimsooja and the Art of Place." Kimsooja: Unfolding. Vancouver Art Gallery, 2013. 115-123.
Morgan, D. "Art, Material Culture, and Lived Religion." The Oxford Handbook of Religion and the Arts. Ed. FB Brown. Oxford University Press, 2013. (Chapter)
Morgan, D. "Rhetoric of the Heart: Figuring the Body in Devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus." Things: Material Religion and the Topography of Divine Spaces. Fordham University Press, 2012. 90-111. (Chapter)
Morgan, D. "The Look of the Sacred." Cambridge Companion to Religious Studies. Ed. RA Orsi. Cambridge University Press, 2012. 296-318. (Chapter)
Morgan, D. "Religion and Visuality in America: Material Economies of the Sacred." Cambridge History of Religions in America, 3 vols. Ed. S Stein. Cambridge University Press, 2012. 748-780. (Chapter)
Morgan, D. "Thomas Kinkade and the History of Protestant Visual Culture in America." Thomas Kinkade: The Artist in the Mall. Duke University Press, 2011. 29-53. (Chapter)
Morgan, D. "Saints and Sacred Matter: the Cult of Relics in Byzantium and Beyond." Material Religion 12.4 (October 27, 2016): 524-525. Full Text
Morgan, D. "Commun(icat)ing Bodies: Body as a Medium in Religious Symbol Systems." Journal of Contemporary Religion 31.2 (May 3, 2016): 292-294. Full Text
Morgan, D. "Missionaries and Idols in Polynesia." Material Religion 12.2 (April 2, 2016): 248-248. Full Text
Morgan, D. "Temples for a Modern God: Religious Architecture in Postwar America." HISTORY OF RELIGIONS 54.3 (February 2015): 380-382. Full Text
Morgan, D. "The Sensuous in the Counter-Reformation Church. Edited by Marcia B. Hall and Tracy E. Cooper. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. xv + 339 pp. $99.00 cloth." Church History 83.4 (December 2014): 1037-1038. Full Text
"Temples for a modern god: religious architecture in postwar America." Choice Reviews Online 51.01 (September 1, 2013). Full Text
Morgan, D. "Approaches to the Visual in Religion. Edited by Daria Pezzoli-Olgiati and Christopher Rowland." International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 23.3 (July 2013): 250-252. Full Text
Morgan, D. "Christ to coke how image becomes icon, Kemp, Martin." Material Religion 9.1 (March 2013): 121-122. Full Text
Morgan, D. "Juliane Schmieglitz-Otten., ed. Die Celler Schlosskapelle: Kunstwelten, Politikwelten, Glaubenswelten. Munich: Hirmer Verlag, 2012. 260 pp. €49.90. ISBN: 978–3–7774–7031–3." Renaissance Quarterly 66.4 (2013): 1383-1384. Full Text
Morgan, D. "Celeste Brusati , Karl A. E. Enenkel , and Walter S. Melion, eds. The Authority of the Word: Reflecting on Image and Text in Northern Europe, 1400–1700. Emory University, Lovis Corinth Colloquia III. Intersections: Interdisciplinary Studies in Early Modern Culture 20. Leiden: Brill, 2012. xl + 708 pp. $245. ISBN: 978–90–04–21515–3." Renaissance Quarterly 65.3 (2012): 896-897. Full Text
Morgan, D. "Soldier Statues and Empty Pedestals: Public Memory in the Wake of the Confederacy." Material Religion 14.1 (January 2, 2018): 153-157. Full Text Open Access Copy
Morgan, D. "How pictures complete us: the beautiful, the sublime, and the divine." Material Religion 14.1 (January 2, 2018): 135-136. Full Text Open Access Copy
Morgan, D. "The subject in question." Journal of Material Culture 22.4 (December 1, 2017): 476-484. Full Text Open Access Copy
Morgan, D. "Defining the sacred in fine art and devotional imagery." Religion 47.4 (October 2, 2017): 641-662. Full Text Open Access Copy
Bubu, OM, Brannick, M, Mortimer, J, Umasabor-Bubu, O, Sebastião, YV, Wen, Y, Schwartz, S, Borenstein, AR, Wu, Y, Morgan, D, and Anderson, WM. "Sleep, Cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Sleep 40.1 (January 2017). (Review) Full Text
Morgan, D. "Materializing the study of religion." Religion 46.4 (October 1, 2016): 640-643. Full Text Open Access Copy
Morgan, D. "On the nature of collecting." Material Religion 12.3 (July 27, 2016): 375-377. Full Text Open Access Copy
Lovinger, DM, and Morgan, D. "Aryeh Routtenberg (December 1, 1939-February 27, 2016)." Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 131 (May 1, 2016): 216-217. Full Text
Breydo, L, Morgan, D, and Uversky, VN. "Pseudocatalytic Antiaggregation Activity of Antibodies: Immunoglobulins can Influence α-Synuclein Aggregation at Substoichiometric Concentrations." Molecular Neurobiology 53.3 (April 2016): 1949-1958. Full Text
Lister, JJ, Harrison Bush, AL, Andel, R, Matthews, C, Morgan, D, and Edwards, JD. "Cortical auditory evoked responses of older adults with and without probable mild cognitive impairment." Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology 127.2 (February 2016): 1279-1287. Full Text
Jimenez, J, Escobar, MJ, Morgan, D, and Norma, A. "In vitro investigations of interactions between amyloid beta peptides (1-40, 1-42) structures and substrates with different natures." December 1, 2005.
Paul, SM, Brown, JW, Gorney, M, Quinlan, KJ, and Morgan, DH. "One world. One hope. AIDS 11th International Conference Overview." October 1996.
Morgan, D. "Violence and Memory." The Revealer (May 12, 2011). (Essay)
Meyer, B, Morgan, D, Paine, C, and Plate, SB. "The origin and mission of Material Religion." Religion 40.3 (July 1, 2010): 207-211. Full Text
Morgan, D. "Liberty and Liberty Together." (June 10, 2009). (Essay)
Morgan, D. "The Materiality of Cultural Construction." Material Religion 4.2 (July 2008): 228-229. (Essay)
Morgan, D. "Materiality." Encyclopedia of Missions and Missionaries (2007). (Essay)
Morgan, D. "Kimsooja and the Discipline of Looking." Curator: The Museum Journal 49.3 (July 2006): 295-300. Full Text
Morgan, D. "Reformed Theology and Visual Culture: The Protestant Imagination from Calvin to Edwards. By William A. Dyrness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. xv + 342 pp. $85.00 cloth; $29.99 paper." Church History 74.2 (June 2005): 384-385. Full Text
Morgan, D. "Reviews of Books:From Meetinghouse to Megachurch: A Material and Cultural History Anne C. Loveland, Otis B. Wheeler." The American Historical Review 110.1 (February 2005): 124-124. (Review) Full Text
Morgan, D. "The Image of the Image of the Image." Image 42 (June 2004). (Essay)
Morgan, D. "Antigone's Wall: Magadalena Abakanowicz and the Allure of Images." Image 43 (2004): 25-33. (Essay)
Matter on the Move: The Plasticity of Things in Shifting Taxonomies. international conference on "Christianity and the Limits of Materiality". University of Turku, Finland. September 25, 2014 - September 26, 2014
"Visual Riffing: The Circulation of Images in Modern Media" and "Teaching with the Visual Arts in the Religious Studies Classroom". Annual meeting of the American Academy of Religion. November 21, 2014 - 2014
"The Subject of Modern Art: Spiritualizing Art, Secularizing Religion" . Department of Religious Studies. Brown University. April 14, 2015
"Framing Matter and Embodying Words: The Plasticity of Sacred Things in Shifting Taxonomies". Rice University. February 24, 2015
The Look of Things to Come. 35th Arthur G. Keough Lectureship. Washington Adventist University, Tacoma Park, Maryland. October 22, 2014
Emotion and Imagination in Ritual Mediation. International Conference on Media, Religion, and Culture. University of Kent, Canterbury, England. August 9, 2014
Phenomenology and Network Theory: A Collaborative Model. Boardman Lecture, and key note address for conference on "Religion and Material Culture" . University of Pennsylvania, Department of Religious Studies. April 4, 2014
Selected Grants
Material Religion: State of the Art awarded by Henry Luce Foundation, Inc. (Principal Investigator). 2015
Fellowships, Supported Research, & Other Grants
Research & Travel Grant awarded by Stichting Porticus, Amsterdam (2004 to 2005)
NEH Humanities Fellowship awarded by National Endowment for the Humanities (2001 to 2002)
Postdoctoral Fellowship in the History of Art and Humanities awarded by J. Paul Getty (1996 to 1997)
Pew Postdoctoral Fellowship in Religion and American History awarded by Yale University (1994 to 1995)


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Date:Friday 3rd February 2017
Doors Open:19:00
Show Begins:20:30
You're too late to book for this performance as it has ended.
You may only book a maximum of 6 tickets per performance. If you would like to book more then please call our box office on 0131 558 7272
Only members that have paid their annual subscription may access member priced tickets. If you have paid your annual subscription and you cannot select members tickets please call our box office on 0131 558 7272
There's no better way to end the working week than with The Friday Show. Our ace comperes, seasoned headliners and roster of up and coming home grown comedians combine in this two hour live show. There's five acts on every bill including the very best comics from the UK and beyond.
With Ben Norris, Kiri Pritchard McLean, Jonny Pelham, Anth Young and host Billy Kirkwood.
Hot food available in the club or why not treat yourself to some pre-show dining at The Stand Bistro open Mon/Tues from 5pm (show nights only), Wed-Sat from 11am and noon on Sundays.
Tripadvisor Excellence Award Winner 2014, 2015 and 2016
Salt 'n' Sauce Promotions Ltd. Trading as 'The Stand Comedy Club'.
5 York Place, EH1 3EB
0131 558 7272
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The Clifton Suspension Bridge Hard Hat Tour is a two hour experience which begins at the Clifton Toll Booth on the Bristol side of the bridge. During the tour, you will learn about the construction and discovery of the huge red brick abutments which support the bridge towers before donning a hard hat and high vis jacket and exploring two of the twelve vaulted chambers inside the Leigh Woods abutment.
The following information is for private group bookings. Click here if you would like to book a ticket on a public tour, available March to October.
Hard Hat Tours of the Leigh Woods Vaults are available for groups of up to a maximum of 12 people. Visits must be pre-booked by calling Kat Tudor on 0117 974 4664 or emailing email@example.com and cost £180 per group including a £70 deposit, payable in advance. Please note that availability is limited and restrictions apply (see below for more information). Tours may be booked between May and October, if your tour finishes after 5pm an out of hour fee applies totalling the tour to £222, a tour can start no later than 6.30pm. It is possible to run two tours on the same date with start times one hour apart.
- Tours are suitable for age 7+ and under 18s must be accompanied by an adult.
- There is a minimum height limit of 1.2m.
- Please wear sturdy shoes with good grip such as hiking boots or trainers. You will not be allowed to join the tour in heels or open-toed shoes.
- This tour includes climbing a vertical ladder and passing through a low corridor. Please ensure that you are physically capable of doing so. Find out more by dowloading the Access Guide.
- Please ensure that any camera, phone, or device you bring will fit in your pocket or bag so that you have two hands free to climb the ladder.
- Only small rucksack type bags worn over both shoulders or bags with cross-body straps will be permitted inside the vaults. Large bags, handbags, umbrellas and so on can be stored securely at the Visitor Centre during your tour.
- Be aware that the vaults can be wet and/or muddy inside, particularly after heavy rain. Please wear suitable clothing and ensure that cameras or mobile phones are protected from the calcite saturated water which may fall from the ceiling.
- Please call us on 0117 974 4664 before booking if you are concerned about claustrophobia or vertigo.
All participants will be required to fill in a form prior to taking part in the activity to acknowledge they:
- Are aware of the potential risks involved.
- Confirm they are physically fit.
- Will follow the instructions given by the guide.
Staff and volunteers at CSBT are not medically qualified and so are not in a position to assess the capacity of participants to undertake an activity. It remains your responsibility to undertake such an assessment prior to participation. If you have any of the following medical conditions we strongly recommend you consult your doctor prior to participation: Heart disease or any cardiac condition that may require immediate medical attention; neck or back injuries; recent, reoccurring or existing injuries; severe allergic reactions; haemophilia; epilepsy; asthma; diabetes; currently taking any blood thinning medication.


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Israel News - Stay Informed, Pray Informed
For years, Israel Today commentator Victor Mordechai has been working to establish a Judeo-Christian political party under the title "The Bible Bloc." He now has some competition, or rather, some assistance from Israel-loving Arab residents of the town of Nazareth.
A leading Arab Christian family from Nazareth, one of whom is a senior officer in the Israeli army, is working to create its own Judeo-Christian party, and has asked Mordechai to lead the Jewish component.
"These Arabs have come to the realization that their future is with Israel and the Jews, and not with the Muslims who are trying to push the ancient Christian community out of Nazareth," said Mordechai.
The Arab family has posted its intentions on Facebook in Arabic. They have been encouraged by many Jews and fellow Christians, while others, primarily Muslims, have posted threatening responses. Arab media has also picked up on the story, and generally given it a negative spin.
Victor Mordechai writes more about the initiative and his potential role in it in the upcoming issue of Israel Today Magazine (July 2013).
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April 15, 2005
New York, NY - The Yale men's tennis team faced stiff competition against Columbia this Friday in the Dick Savitt Center. Today's match bumps Columbia's perfect Ivy play record to 4-0 and gives Columbia a 14-2 overall record. Yale's Ivy record falls to 1-2, and their overall record now stands at 5-11.
Although the consistently strong duo of Brendan Wai and Ryan Murphy won the No. 1 doubles position 8-3, Columbia swept the No. 2 and 3 doubles matches for the point.
In singles play, Columbia swept all the matches except the No. 1 spot. Chris Lawler (No. 6 singles), Milosz Gudzowski (No. 4 singles) and Ryan Murphy (No. 2 singles) all came back from first set losses to challenge Columbia in the second set. However, they were all unable to secure wins in the final round of action.
Brandon Wai secured Yale's only point of the day, winning a tiebreaker in an abbreviated match against Columbia's Akshay Rao. Wai, who has established himself as Yale's standout player, won the match 6-3, 4-6, 1-0 (10-8).
Yale will travel to Ithaca tomorrow, Apr. 16, to face Cornell at noon.
Report filed by Christie Yang '06, Yale Sports Publicity.
Doubles#1. Murphy/Wai (Yale) def. Rao/Robbin (Columbia), 8-3 #2. Moore/Moore (Columbia) def. Lawler/Reynolds (Yale), 8-6 #3. Bhamidipati/Drucker (Columbia) def. Green/Gudzowski (Yale), 8-1
Singles#1. Brandon Wai (Yale) def. Rao (Columbia), 6-3, 4-6, 1-0 (10-8) #2. J.Moore (Columbia) def. Ryan Murphy (Yale), 2-6, 6-3, 6-3 #3. Emany (Columbia) def. Rowan Reynolds (Yale), 6-0, 6-4 #4. Clemente (Columbia) def. Milosz Gudzowski (Yale), 3-6, 6-2, 6-4 #5. M. Moore (Columbia) def. Rory Green (Yale), 6-2, 6-4 #6. M. Accordino (Columbia) def. Chris Lawler (Yale), 4-6, 6-3, 6-2


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The Galactic Guardian starship continues to spin helplessly through empty space. The ship's controls are useless, due to the power surge from the laser gate which brought the ship (and Skeletor) to the Tri-Solar System from the past. Flipshot can't make the controls respond, but calculates that the overloaded computer systems will explode in 5 minutes.
The cyber-Sorceress appears before He-Man, and implores him to use his sword to save the ship. He-Man cries, "By the power of Grayskull!" but nothing happens. The Sorceress reminds him that all the power of the universe is no longer in Castle Grayskull, so he asks Hydron the name of the starship. He tells He-Man that "she" was named for the legend, and that her name is Starship Eternia! "By the power of Eternia!" He-Man shouts, and the sword flares to life, stabilizing the controls, bringing the ship out of it's death-spin with only seconds to spare.
With the ship righted, the Sorceress reminds He-Man of his mission in this future time, to stop Skeletor, and to use his power to do good. With that, she fades away in a glimmer of blue-and-white light, and the Galactic Guardians rearrange the ship to its space station reconfiguration, in order to effect repairs.
With the hull breach repaired, Flipshot intercepts a radio message. It is Kayo, sending a distress signal to Primus from his Astrosub. He is being pursued by Skeletor, Slushhead, and Optikk in matching dreadwings. Despite his superior flying, Kayo is outnumbered. Things look grim, but Starship Eternia bolts to the rescue, sending the Dreadwings scattering with fiery laser bursts.
As Kayo docks his Astrosub atop Starship Eternia, a radio message from Primus brings He-Man and the Galactic Guardians up to speed as to Primus' plight and the Trifusium Crystal situation. Skeletor's face appears on the starship's viewscreen, with a challenging taunt for He-Man to come and get the crystal -- if he can!
Armed with Kayo's knowledge of where the Trifusium was last sighted, he and He-Man "beam down" to Denebria's Gorn Desert. They are instantly ambushed by Slushhead and Optikk in the Terroclaw, with Skeletor leading the assault in a Dreadwing.
He-Man and Kayo brace themselves for the worst, when the Terroclaw pilots are neatly wrapped up by a bola missile from Flipshot's swooping Bolajet. As Starship Eternia appears in orbit overhead, He-Man makes a dash for Skeletor's ship, determined to retrieve the crystal. As Power Sword and Skull Staff clash in battle, He-Man says his new phrase of power, and a glowing electrical bolt from Starship Eternia boosts his strength levels. Outclassed, Skeletor decides on a different tactic. He throws the Trifusium Crystal away and makes a run for it.
As his Dreadwing blasts away, his laughter can be heard. He-Man vows that they will meet again, but first the Trifusium Crystal must be returned to Primus' Titus Observatory. The fate of the planet depends on it!
1989, Series 1.
Packaged with Hydron, Flipshot, and Kayo.


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In the past, we reviewed the Pass Labs XP-20 and XP-30 stereo preamplifiers. Now, we come full circle with a review of the remaining member of their preamplifier trio, the XP-10, which is the least expensive model. It is fully balanced, and has a slightly different sound character compared to the other two, which also sound different from one another. All three are great products, so you can choose based on price and/or sound characteristics.
- Design: Fully Balanced Stereo Preamplifier
- Maximum Voltage Output: 20 Volts RMS
- MFR: 2 Hz – 60 kHz, – 3 dB
- Inputs: Two Pairs XLR (Inputs 1 and 2), Three Pairs RCA (Inputs 3, 4, and 5; Input 5 is for Home Theater Pass-through with Unity Gain)
- Outputs: One Pair XLR, One Pair RCA
- Input Impedance: 96 kOhm XLR, 48 kOhm RCA
- Output Impedance: 1 kOhm XLR, 150 Ohms RCA
- Dimensions: 4″ H x 17″ W x 12″ D
- Weight: 27 pounds
- Pass Labs
- SECRETS Tags: Pass Labs, Stereo, Preamplifiers
The Design
The XP-10 is a fully balanced solid state preamplifier. It has two gain stages and operates in pure Class A. There is no global negative feedback. The overall design results in the minimum amount of circuit path, which keeps signal loss at the lowest possible level.
It is said that the XP improvements over the previous model include deeper bass and better detail.
The front panel has buttons from left to right for Mute, Mode (Dims the LED Panel), and Input Selector. The large volume control (I have big hands and really appreciate big volume control dials) is on the right hand side, and it can be spun continuously, changing the volume through an optical encoder. It reads from 0 to 83, in 1 dB steps, with 75 being unity gain. The pass-through connection using input 5 sets the volume at 75 so that whatever SSP processor voltage that passes through to the power amplifier will be very close to what it was going into the XP-10.
The rear panel is shown below.
On the far left is the grounded AC receptacle. Most of the panel is occupied by the inputs and outputs. From the left is one pair of RCA outputs, one pair of XLR outputs, the Pass-through RCA input pair, two more pairs of RCA inputs, and two pairs of XLR inputs.
The remote control is the same one used for the XP-20 and XP-30. Simple, attractive, functional.
In Use
I tested the Pass XP-10 with an OPPO-BDP-95 universal player, Classé CA-M600 monoblock power amplifiers, and Carver Mark IV ribbon speakers. Cables were Wireworld, Emotiva, and Marc Audio.
At 67, I still listen (and play along with) to rock music. I am not so much a fan of the metal genre, but rather the 80's era, including especially Van Halen. They were part of the bridge from classic rock to heavy metal, and the music had a melody – played with the volume controls to the max.
Most of my favorite Van Halen tracks are on Van Halen Best of: Volume 1.
"Jump" and "Dreams" in particular set my rock & roll afire. Eddie Van Halen on lead guitar and Alex Van Halen on the drums made the walls vibrate, through the XP-10. Guitar played through sound effects circuits (they produce various types of what would be best called distortion), and the way Alex crashed his cymbals, delivered a sound that was filled with high frequencies, but the only distortion that I could hear was the sound from those special effects boxes. Cymbals in particular, are difficult to reproduce without sounding harsh when played hard. Alex played them so hard, his knuckles are now enlarged from arthritis, and he is almost completely deaf (ear plugs for hearing protection were not standard in those days). Through the XP-10, the crashes were detailed and crisp, without a hint of harshness.
Even if you are not a fan of classical music, you would very likely recognize the opening bars of Edvard Grieg's Piano Concerto in A minor, Opus 16. Piano played at any volume is a tough cookie for an audio system, partly because we all know exactly how a piano sounds, so any deviation is immediately noticeable. Secondly, the lowest note has a fundamental frequency of 27 Hz. And when it is played fff, as it is in the opening bars, the cookie becomes even tougher. But not too tough for the XP-10. When the pianist pounds out the notes, there are very intense transient peaks at the beginning of the tone as the hammer strikes the metal piano wire, and I wondered if the XP-10 could handle it. No disappointment there. The symphony orchestra also came through loud and clear, with all the instruments distinguishable while the pianist (Clifford Curzon) did his thing. This is a manifestation of low IM distortion, which you will see in the bench tests.
Want another difficult instrument to reproduce? Try the violin, especially the instrument made by Guameri del Gesu in 1737 (I imagine one could trade that for quite a few lattes at Starbucks®.) So, on this Virgin Classics disc, Capriccio, Renaud Capucon (violin) and Jerome Ducros (piano) duke it out with 21 pieces by Schubert, Dvorak, Debussy, Prokofiev, Stravinski, Tchaikovsky, and others.
Well, the music just soared on the XP-10. My ears are very sensitive to any high frequency distortion, but by this point (I had listened to about 20 CDs and SACDs), I wasn't expecting anything but beautiful sounds and glorious music. It's a hard job testing masterpieces of electrical engineering like the XP-10, but someone has to do it. I volunteer to continue along the road.
I also listened to the XP-10 using a pair of HiFiMAN HE-500 headphones, which allows me to discern differences between preamplifiers where there are subtle differences, as there were between the XP-10, XP-20, and XP-30, all of which I have reviewed. I connected the HE-500 headphones to the XP-10 preamplifier using the RCA outputs and a stereo RCA plug – 1/4″ phone jack adapter cable.
I would classify the sound of the XP-10 as neutral with just a dash of warmth. See the Conclusions section for more info on the differences between the three Pass preamplifiers.
On the Bench
Distortion measurements were made within an 80 kHz bandwidth. The XLR inputs and outputs were used for all tests, and the volume control was set to 75 (unity gain, i.e., input voltage delivers the same output voltage, or close to it). I adjusted the input voltage for each test to produce 2 volts RMS output (except where noted).
At 1 kHz, there was a scant 0.001% THD+N. The second order harmonic is predominant. This is exquisite performance. The spectrum is different than the XP-20 and XP-30, where the third order harmonic was a bit higher than the second order harmonic.
At 19 kHz and 20 kHz, there were only two side-bands (the peaks on either side of the 19 kHz and 20 kHz peaks), and the B-A peak at 1 kHz was 105 dB below the fundamentals.
IMD was extremely low, at 0.001%. This is what gave me that clarity with the full symphony orchestra. Low IMD means no mushiness in the midrange, which would otherwise throw a towel over the music.
THD+N vs. Frequency is shown below. At 2 volts output, the curve is nearly flat, and even at 5 volts output, the curve rises at 20 kHz only to a bit less than 0.01% THD+N.
Here, we see THD+N vs. Output Voltage (the volume control was set to 75 – Unity Gain). With a 100 kOhm load, the soft knee was at 4 volts, the hard knee at 13 volts, and clipping at 15 volts. With a 600 ohm load, the output drops. One would never encounter a 600 ohm load under normal circumstances. This is just a stress test.
The measured frequency response was 20 Hz – 20 kHz, – 0.5 dB.
So, I have reviewed all three of Pass Labs' stereo preamplifiers. All of them perform beautifully, and each one has its own sonic personality, but the differences are subtle. As I mentioned in my review of the Pass Labs XP-30, "I would pair the XP-20 with a tube power amplifier, and the XP-30 with a solid state power amplifier." The XP-10 seems to be the most neutral of the trio, so you could pair it with either tubes or solid state power amplifiers. Thus, take your choice, behind Door # 1, Door # 2, or Door # 3. Don't worry. A terrific prize is behind each door.


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LONDON, May 17 (UPI) -- George Michael's publicist says the British pop star is expected to fully recover from injuries sustained when the Range Rover in which he was riding crashed.
The single-vehicle accident on England's M1 motorway happened at around 5:50 p.m. local time Thursday.
Michael's publicist confirmed the collision to TMZ, but did not say who was driving the Range Rover or what it hit.
"[George] sustained a head injury and following treatment, stabilization and immobilization by land and air ambulance crews, he was flown to the hospital for further care," a spokesman for the emergency response crew said in a statement to TMZ.


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"Woken" Matt Hardy will step into the battlefield to challenge the Bray Wyatt in the main event of WWE's live event at the Mid Hudson Civic Center in Poughkeepsie on Sunday, Jan. 21 at 7 p.m.
WWE's 205 Live Tour will mainly feature cruiserweights who weigh less than 205 pounds. Cruiserweight Champion Enzo Amore will face Kalisto with Nia Jax as the special referee.
"I shall be working TIRELESSLY on these Eves," Hardy said on Twitter. "Not only must I DELETE the DASTARDLY Bray Wyatt and the HORRENDOUS Sister Abigail, I must also COUNSEL a MYRIAD of individuals who suffer from the POTENT Spot Monkey ADDICKKTION.
Kalisto, Gentlemen Jack Gallagher, Hideo Itami, Cedric Alexander and The Brian Kendrick are also set to appear.
For tickets, click here .
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The Sheridan Press E-Edition May 17, 2014
By Kristen Czaban|May. 16, 2014|
About the Author: Kristen Czaban
Kristen Czaban has been with The Sheridan Press since June 2008 and has covered the entire gamut of beats including government, crime, business and the outdoors. Before heading west, she graduated from Northwestern University with a bachelor's in journalism. Email Kristen at: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Joseph Priestley, (born March 13, 1733, Birstall Fieldhead, near Leeds, Yorkshire [now West Yorkshire], England—died February 6, 1804, Northumberland, Pennsylvania, U.S.), English clergyman, political theorist, and physical scientist whose work contributed to advances in liberal political and religious thought and in experimental chemistry. He is best remembered for his contribution to the chemistry of gases.
Education and early career
Priestley was born into a family of moderately successful wool-cloth makers in the Calvinist stronghold of West Riding, Yorkshire. He entered the Dissenting Academy at Daventry, Northamptonshire, in 1752. Dissenters, so named for their unwillingness to conform to the Church of England, were prevented by the Act of Uniformity (1662) from entering English universities. Priestley received an excellent education in philosophy, science, languages, and literature at Daventry, where he became a "furious freethinker" in religion. He renounced the Calvinist doctrines of original sin and atonement, and he embraced a rational Unitarianism that rejected the Trinity and asserted the perfectibility of man.
Between 1755 and 1761, Priestley ministered at Needham Market, Suffolk, and at Nantwich, Cheshire. In 1761 he became tutor in languages and literature at the Warrington Academy, Lancashire. He was ordained a Dissenting minister in 1762. That year he married Mary Wilkinson, daughter of the ironmaster Isaac Wilkinson. They had one daughter and three sons.
Work in electricity
Priestley's interest in science intensified in 1765, when he met the American scientist and statesman Benjamin Franklin, who encouraged him to publish The History and Present State of Electricity, with Original Experiments (1767). In this work, Priestley used history to show that scientific progress depended more on the accumulation of "new facts" that anyone could discover than on the theoretical insights of a few men of genius. Priestley's preference for "facts" over "hypotheses" in science was consistent with his Dissenting conviction that prejudice and dogma of any sort presented obstacles to individual inquiry and private judgment.
This view of scientific methodology shaped Priestley's electrical experiments, in which he anticipated the inverse square law of electrical attraction, discovered that charcoal conducts electricity, and noted the relationship between electricity and chemical change. On the basis of these experiments, in 1766 he was elected a member of the Royal Society of London. This line of investigation inspired him to develop "a larger field of original experiments" in areas other than electricity.
The chemistry of gases
Upon his return to the ministry at Mill Hill Chapel, Leeds, in 1767, Priestley began intensive experimental investigations into chemistry. Between 1772 and 1790, he published six volumes of Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air and more than a dozen articles in the Royal Society's Philosophical Transactions describing his experiments on gases, or "airs," as they were then called. British pneumatic chemists had previously identified three types of gases: air, carbon dioxide (fixed air), and hydrogen (inflammable air). Priestley incorporated an explanation of the chemistry of these gases into the phlogiston theory, according to which combustible substances released phlogiston (an immaterial "principle of inflammability") during burning.
Priestley discovered 10 new gases: nitric oxide (nitrous air), nitrogen dioxide (red nitrous vapour), nitrous oxide (inflammable nitrous air, later called "laughing gas"), hydrogen chloride (marine acid air), ammonia (alkaline air), sulfur dioxide (vitriolic acid air), silicon tetrafluoride (fluor acid air), nitrogen (phlogisticated air), oxygen (dephlogisticated air, independently codiscovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele), and a gas later identified as carbon monoxide. Priestley's experimental success resulted predominantly from his ability to design ingenious apparatuses and his skill in their manipulation. He gained particular renown for an improved pneumatic trough in which, by collecting gases over mercury instead of in water, he was able to isolate and examine gases that were soluble in water. For his work on gases, Priestley was awarded the Royal Society's prestigious Copley Medal in 1773.
That same year Priestley moved to Calne, Wiltshire, where he served as librarian and tutor for William Petty, Earl of Shelburne, and his family. Here he sought and gained further evidence supporting his newly found belief in a benevolent God rather than the vengeful God of his Calvinist youth. Upon contemplating the processes of vegetation and the "agitation" of seas and lakes, Priestley envisioned the means by which a benevolent nature restored the "common air" that had been "vitiated and diminished" by such "noxious" processes as combustion and respiration. Apart from strengthening his own spiritual views, these observations informed the photosynthesis experiments performed by his contemporaries, the Dutch physician Jan Ingenhousz and the Swiss clergyman and naturalist Jean Senebier.
Priestley viewed his scientific pursuits as consistent with the commercial and entrepreneurial interests of English Dissenters. He embraced the 17th-century statesman and natural philosopher Francis Bacon's argument that social progress required the development of a science-based commerce. This view was reinforced when he moved to become a preacher at the New Meeting House in Birmingham in 1780 and became a member of the Lunar Society, an elite group of local gentlemen, Dissenters, and industrialists (including Josiah Wedgwood, Erasmus Darwin, James Watt, and Matthew Boulton), who applied the principles of science and technology toward the solving of problems experienced in 18th-century urban life. When confronted by the multitude of diseases that plagued the growing populations in towns and military installations, Priestley designed an apparatus that produced carbonated water, a mixture that he thought would provide medicinal benefit to sufferers of scurvy and various fevers. Although it ultimately proved ineffective in treating these disorders, the "gasogene" that employed this technique later made possible the soda-water industry. Priestley also designed the "eudiometer," which was used in the general movement for sanitary reform and urban design to measure the "purity" (oxygen content) of atmospheric air. Contemporary interest in pneumatic medicine culminated in the short-lived Pneumatic Institution, which the physician and chemist Thomas Beddoes founded in Bristol in 1798 in order to ascertain the effects of different "airs" on a variety of common ailments.
The discovery of oxygen and the chemical revolution
Priestley's lasting reputation in science is founded upon the discovery he made on August 1, 1774, when he obtained a colourless gas by heating red mercuric oxide. Finding that a candle would burn and that a mouse would thrive in this gas, he called it "dephlogisticated air," based upon the belief that ordinary air became saturated with phlogiston once it could no longer support combustion and life. Priestley was not yet sure, however, that he had discovered a "new species of air." The following October, he accompanied his patron, Shelburne, on a journey through Belgium, Holland, Germany, and France, where in Paris he informed the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier how he obtained the new "air." This meeting between the two scientists was highly significant for the future of chemistry. Lavoisier immediately repeated Priestley's experiments and, between 1775 and 1780, conducted intensive investigations from which he derived the elementary nature of oxygen, recognized it as the "active" principle in the atmosphere, interpreted its role in combustion and respiration, and gave it its name. Lavoisier's pronouncements of the activity of oxygen revolutionized chemistry.
Priestley did not accept all of Lavoisier's conclusions and continued, in particular, to uphold the phlogiston theory. Convinced that the French chemists were imposing their beliefs on the scientific community in ways similar to the Anglican "establishment" of religious and political dogma, Priestley's Dissenter leanings strengthened his opposition to Lavoisier's "new system of chemistry." To clarify his position, in 1800 he published a slim pamphlet, Doctrine of Phlogiston Established, and That of the Composition of Water Refuted, which he expanded to book length in 1803. The Doctrine of Phlogiston provided a detailed account of what he envisioned to be the empirical, theoretical, and methodological shortcomings of the oxygen theory. Priestley called for a patient, humble, experimental approach to God's infinite creation. Chemistry could support piety and liberty only if it avoided speculative theorizing and encouraged the observation of God's benevolent creation. The phlogiston theory was superseded by Lavoisier's oxidation theory of combustion and respiration.
Theology, teaching, and politics
Science was an important part of Priestley's "Rational Christianity." In Institutes of Natural and Revealed Religion (1772–74), he described how he rejected the "gloomy" Calvinist doctrines of the natural depravity of man and the inscrutable will of a vengeful God. Priestley used psychologist and liberal Anglican David Hartley's "doctrine of association of ideas" to support his view that mankind's perfectibility was the inevitable consequence of a growing awareness of man's place in a deterministic system of benevolence. In An History of the Corruptions of Christianity (1782), Priestley claimed that the doctrines of materialism, determinism, and Socinianism (Unitarianism) were consistent with a rational reading of the Bible. He insisted that Jesus Christ was a mere man who preached the resurrection of the body rather than the immortality of a nonexistent soul.
In 1765 he was awarded an LL.D. from the University of Edinburgh for his educational and literary accomplishments at Warrington. These included his writings on Theory of Language and Universal Grammar (1762), An Essay on a Course of Liberal Education for Civil and Active Life (1765), and Lectures on History and General Policy (prepared at Warrington but not published until 1788). Priestley used "the doctrine of association of ideas" to support his views on language, history, and education as well. In particular, he based what he deemed to be the correct use of language on the customary association of ideas. He also employed teaching techniques that were based on the experiences of his students and were designed to prepare them for a practical life.
Priestley united theory and practice in his work in politics. In 1767 he became involved in the Dissenter's national struggle against the Test and Corporation Act (1661) that restricted their civil and political liberties. In An Essay on the First Principles of Government (1768), he argued that scientific progress and human perfectibility required freedom of speech, worship, and education. As a proponent of laissez-faire economics, developed by the Scottish philosopher Adam Smith, Priestley sought to limit the role of government and to evaluate its effectiveness solely in terms of the welfare of the individual. The English economist and founder of utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham acknowledged that Priestley's influential book inspired the phrase used to depict his own movement, "the greatest happiness of the greatest number."
Turmoil and exile
The English press and government decreed that Priestley's support, together with that of his friend, the moral philosopher Richard Price, of the American and French Revolutions was "seditious." On July 14, 1791, the "Church-and-King mob" destroyed Priestley's house and laboratory. Priestley and his family retreated to the security of Price's congregation at Hackney, near London. Priestley later began teaching at New College, Oxford, and defended his anti-British government views in Letters to the Right Honourable Edmund Burke (1791).
Priestley's defense fell on deaf ears as the conservative reaction to the French Revolution intensified in England. In 1794 he fled to the United States, where he discovered a form of government that was "relatively tolerable." His best-known writing in the United States, Letters to the Inhabitants of Northumberland (1799), became part of the Republican response to the Federalists. Priestley died at Northumberland, Pennsylvania, mourned and revered by Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States.John G. McEvoy
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
chemistry: Phlogiston theory…English chemist (and Unitarian minister) Joseph Priestley produced a new gas by heating certain minerals. A candle burned in this gas with extraordinary vigour, and in an enclosed space a mouse breathing it survived far longer than one could in ordinary air. Priestley's explanation was that the new gas had…
physical science: Electricity and magnetism…the 18th century, in England, Joseph Priestley had noted that no electric effect was exhibited inside an electrified hollow metal container and had brilliantly inferred from this similarity that the inverse-square law (of gravity) must hold for electricity as well. In a series of painstaking memoirs, the French physicist Charles-Augustin…
electromagnetism: Invention of the Leyden jarJoseph Priestley, an English physicist, summarized all available data on electricity in his book
History and Present State of Electricity(1767). He repeated one of Franklin's experiments, in which the latter had dropped small corks into a highly electrified metal container and found that they…
photosynthesis: Development of the idea…the English clergyman and scientist Joseph Priestley. Priestley had burned a candle in a closed container until the air within the container could no longer support combustion. He then placed a sprig of mint plant in the container and discovered that after several days the mint had produced some substance…
oxidation-reduction reaction: Combustion and oxide formation…interrelated work of English chemist Joseph Priestley and French chemist Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier led to the overthrow of the phlogiston theory. Lavoisier saw Priestley's discovery of oxygen in 1774 as the key to the weight gains known to accompany the burning of sulfur and phosphorus and the calcination of metals (oxide…
More About Joseph Priestley24 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- association with Birmingham
contribution to
- botany
- chemical reaction theory
- combustion theory
- electrical theory
- eraser
- In eraser
- nitrogen elements study
- In nitric oxide


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I have a few questions. I realize you might not want to answer them but I figured I'd ask.
-How did your husband propose to you?
I was an art teacher at an elementary school right out of college and Chris proposed to me using my students on our one year anniversary. He had each child walk up with a photograph and tell me a reason why he loves me. For example this one below said- "I love you because you see life the same way as me". The last photograph was a framed picture of an empty ring box! Now these beautiful pictures are hanging in our home!!
-Before you met your husband, did you consider marrying someone else? Did you ever lose hope that you would find someone like him? That boys like that still existed? I, too, am a sensitive soul, and I want a husband who understands that, connects with me, understands me, and is sensitive too. Boys just aren't like this! And I lose hope sometimes, especially because these days people just don't hold marriage as high as a priority.
I dated a guy my senior year of college that had talked marriage with me. I think he maybe looked at ring? Not sure if he really did or not. But I knew deep in my heart he wasn't for me. I knew we were too different at our core. It was hard for me to call it off with someone who I really believe loved me deeply....when you feel loved it can be hard to walk away from that. But I trusted and walked away. I did summer school at Baylor....graduated in August on a Saturday, started teaching on a Monday and met Chris October 21st. I remember my brother saying to me that I would never meet anyone if I never went out and did anything. I told him "God knows me, He knows how I tick...if He has to- He'll bring him to my doorstep." And He literally did. I had read this book "when God writes your love story" and just knew that I had to give up trying to control and manipulate relationships into working.....I needed to let God bring someone to me, let him pursue me and honestly we were a perfect match. I truly believe that no one else was made for me. Some people believe that we could be happy with lots of different people but the longer I am with Christopher the more firmly I believe that he was the only one ever for me.
-Finally, how did you "find yourself"? I am at a stage in life where I want to find myself, my passions, ME. I need a hobby, something that is my own to love. And I am stuck on what to do. I am passionate about people, families, relationships, love. But I want a hobby. Any advice?
I hate to say I found myself when I met Chris because I dont think you NEED a man or a friend so that you can "find yourself" BUT in my case that is when it happened. He gave me the courage to pursue a career in art, he encouraged me to start A Little Artsy, he encouraged me to not wait/ not hold back, he encouraged me to blog, he literally has done everything he could to make every single of my dreams come true... and follow my dreams.
When I have a dream he says leap...and that encouragement is what I need. I can truly say I never would have done any of that if he hadnt given me the courage to do so. I battle fear in many areas of my life and Chris' faith and ability to lean on God's will for our lives and ability to pursue our individual purpose has been life changing for me.
Thanks for sharing your life with me. You are a wonderful mother and you have given me dreams about what I want my future to look like.
With love,


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