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Penn State Hershey preparing for change, says Medical Center's CEO Paz
Penn State Hershey preparing for change, says Medical Center's CEO Paz
HERSHEY, Pa. – Growth continues to be the trend at Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and Penn State College of Medicine, but according to the man responsible for overseeing it, the Medical Center and college must brace for sweeping change in health care and biomedical research, as well as the education and training of the next generation of clinicians in the years ahead.
Dr. Harold L. Paz, who serves as the Medical Center's chief executive officer, Penn State's senior vice president for health affairs and dean of the College of Medicine, told Penn State's Board of Trustees on Friday (March 15) that while Penn State Hershey has enjoyed great success in recent years, the University's health science center must be rigorous in preparing for dramatic change within the health care industry and potentially significant reductions in government funding to support education, research and patient care.
"We face an unprecedented era of change in health care and biomedical research," said Paz. "Health care reform requires us to reexamine how patient care is delivered. New technologies and a new understanding of the human genome are revolutionizing life sciences research and redirecting the future of medicine. These developments and future scientific breakthroughs must shape how we educate the next generation of scientists, doctors, nurses and other health professionals."
Collectively, the Medical Center and College of Medicine have a combined budget of nearly $1.5 billion, representing roughly one-third of Penn State's total budget. In his annual address to University trustees, Paz highlighted the continued growth of Penn State Hershey's clinical, research and education missions. He also showcased a number of key accomplishments, including the opening of the new Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, which trustees toured before the meeting.
Paz reported that patient volumes at Penn State Hershey have continued to grow. Hospital admissions in the last fiscal year (FY 11-12) were more than 27,000, up just slightly over the prior year. Outpatient visits grew by 1.2 percent to more than 893,500. Emergency visits were up 5.5 percent to more than 64,400 and surgical cases increased by 1.8 percent to more than 27,600.
He also touted Penn State Hershey's September 2012 re-designation as a Magnet™ organization by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), among fewer than 8 percent of all U.S. hospitals to earn such recognition. The Children's Hospital also was recognized for excellence, named by U.S. News & World Report among the nation's Best Children's Hospitals in three clinical specialties (orthopedics, cancer, and diabetes and endocrinology).
Paz noted that Penn State Hershey's financial performance over the past several years has been strong, with an operating margin of 10.4 percent in FY 11-12. He also informed trustees of the increased financial burden of caring for the under- and uninsured. Penn State Hershey's charity care costs in fiscal year '12 were nearly $51.7 million, up from $35.3 million the year before and suggested that an impending 2 percent reduction in Medicare, part of federal sequestration, could bring additional challenges.
Meanwhile, extramural research funding increased to nearly $107 million last fiscal year, up from approximately $105 million the previous year. Paz told trustees that growth in research funding comes in spite of increased competition for a shrinking pool of federal research dollars from the National Institutes of Health and again cited sequestration as a challenge. Penn State Hershey stands to lose an estimated $4.85 million in extramural research funding next year if impending sequestration cuts remain in place.
The College of Medicine received more than 7,000 medical student applications for 145 available openings for the class of 2016, which began this fall. The college also welcomed its first cohort of 13 medical students to its new regional medical campus in University Park last summer.
Paz told trustees, however, that Penn State Hershey's continued success depends on its ability to adapt to a rapidly changing health care environment. He said that numerous activities are already under way to lay the groundwork that will enable Penn State Hershey to be a leader in each of its core missions.
These activities include the launch of the Institute for Personalized Medicine, the establishment of 13 Patient-Centered Medical Homes, accredited by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), in Penn State Hershey's growing Medical Group practice, the launch of a new core curriculum in the College of Medicine, and the publication of the organization's first Community Health Needs Assessment.
The Institute for Personalized Medicine, established in February 2012, is a research institute designed to improve patient outcomes by tailoring therapies based on an individual's genetic and biologic makeup. The institute's signature laboratory space was dedicated in January. Paz highlighted the importance of Penn State's share of the Commonwealth's CURE funds (tobacco settlement monies), in supporting the institute. CURE funds in the amount of $1.5 million were used to purchase high-tech equipment such as a gene sequencer to help investigators identify genetic biomarkers that may indicate whether a specific drug will be more or less successful in treating a particular disease in an individual.
"Medicine has always been personal, but through the research conducted here, there is now the potential to be able to create a future in which it is possible to help each person tailor the healthiest possible lifestyle, and when necessary, to treat each patient with an individually designed medication," said Paz.


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Ask any scientist where their vocational path began, and you're likely to hear childhood stories of exploring neighborhood woodlands or hunting for insects at night. In contemporary urban environments, contact with the natural world can prove more elusive both in and out of the classroom. With this in mind, the Arboretum began sending educators into Boston Public School classrooms in 2009 to enhance science education opportunities for students. When a three-year collaboration with the Louis Agassiz Elementary School ended in 2011 with the school's closing, the Arboretum partnered with the Boston Teachers Union School (BTU School) in Jamaica Plain to coordinate science lessons for Kindergarten, first, and second grade classes. This fall the Arboretum's science educator, Ana Maria Caballero, began working with BTU School teachers to enhance and expand student engagement with science.
Growing out of a longstanding commitment to sharing knowledge about the natural world, the Arnold Arboretum's educational programming for children began in the 1980s with the introduction of field study opportunities in the historical landscape. While this programming continues to thrive today, the Arboretum's BTU School collaboration is designed to provide science instruction as an integral part of student learning throughout the school year. Funded through the generous support of a private donor, the program includes lessons on plant and animal life but also nurtures a broader understanding of science in general, intending to spark curiosity through thought-provoking activities that promote observation, reasoning, and language skills.
At the BTU School, this work begins in the Kindergarten (K2) classroom, and Arboretum educators led instruction in the science of color through tactile experiments that extracted hues from plant materials. More recently, these students have been learning to compare and contrast pairings of similar animals: goldfish and guppies, land and pond snails, and red worms and night crawlers, among others. With the school's first graders, educators introduced the science of air and weather. Various aspects of atmospheric science were explored through hands on activities like blowing bubbles, making kites, and—by artistically manipulating sandwich cookies—creating edible diagrams of the moon and its phases. In addition, students learned to use tools like thermometers, anemometers, and wind vanes.
In the second grade classrooms, educators helped students raise mealworms, waxworms, darkling beetles, milkweed bugs, and painted lady butterflies to learn about the anatomy and life cycles of these creatures. This winter, these students will delve into geology through the study of pebbles, sand, silt, and soil, and will continue to build on their observational skills and knowledge foundation. Arboretum educators will also assist instruction in the BTU School preschool classroom (K1), exploring water and its properties using hands on activities in small groups.
Across learning levels at the school, these experiences provide a great deal of fun for the students while helping them to form connections between science and everyday activities. Lessons also enable the children to acquire and internalize specific scientific vocabulary to enhance their future investigations this school year and beyond. By recording their observations through words and drawings in their own science journals, all of the students practice the art of documentation as an integral part of the scientific method. Journaling not only helps the students learn how to conduct their experiments like real scientists, it also instills a value for sharing knowledge that lies at the heart of the Arboretum's mission.
Collaborating with the BTU School has opened avenues of discovery for both students and their instructors, and both teachers and parents have noticed a spike in the children's enthusiasm for learning science. In addition to engaging students in the classroom, the Arboretum hosted the students for field studies in the landscape, creating opportunities for students to expand on their indoor experiments through an exploration of the Arboretum's living collection of plants. Some of the students will learn elementary botany by growing plants in their classrooms this spring, and all will return to the landscape when the weather warms to continue to learn about science in the field. Whether in the classroom or on the Arboretum grounds, students and educators both look forward to the continued flowering of this unique educational partnership.
Learn more about the Boston Teachers Union School and its partnership with the Arnold Arboretum.

subset: commoncrawl


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Find a Doctor
Browse UPMC doctors and medical professionals to find the care that's right for you. Customize your search by specialty, zip code, last name, and more.
Visit the UPMC Find a Doctor website.
At the suggestion of your physician, it may be necessary for you to have a caesarean section delivery — also called C-section. A C-section is the surgical delivery of a baby. An incision is made in the mother's abdomen and uterus (womb) to deliver the baby. In the United States, 15 to 25 percent, or about one in five, of all births are delivered by cesarean section.
The doctor will make incisions in the abdomen and uterus and deliver the baby through the incisions. There are three different types of incisions:
The uterus will be closed with stitches that later dissolve on their own, and stitches or staples will be used to close the abdomen.
The entire procedure will take approximately 45 to 60 minutes to complete.
The baby is immediately examined by medical personnel. Depending on your condition and the baby's condition, you may be allowed to bond by holding the baby, even while the surgeon is still sewing up the incision.
After the surgery, if you have an epidural in place, your surgeon may give you pain medication through the epidural tube to keep you comfortable. Otherwise, you'll receive pain medications through your IV and/or by mouth.
Depending on your recovery, you will remain in the hospital for two to four days.
You should heal quickly and completely after a c-section. For future deliveries, you may need to speak with your physician about the type of incision used, so that you'll know whether you can attempt a vaginal delivery in the future.
Breastfeeding moms may need some help learning to position and hold the baby in a manner that doesn't put pressure on your abdominal incision. You may also notice some uterine cramping, pain, and an increase in vaginal bleeding at the beginning of each nursing session.
You may require anti-nausea and pain medications.
For several days after surgery, you may need to eat a lighter, blander diet than usual.
You may be given special compression stockings to wear after surgery, to decrease the possibility of blood clots forming in your legs.
You may be asked to use an incentive spirometer, to breathe deeply, and to cough frequently, in order to improve lung function after general anesthesia.
You'll be encouraged to walk very soon after surgery.
You will experience heavy vaginal bleeding, as after any delivery, and will need to use an absorbent sanitary napkin.
Avoid lifting anything heavier than your baby for the first weeks after surgery.
Delay having sexual intercourse until you've had your six-week check-up.
If you have just had a caesarean section, call the doctor immediately if:


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To prepare for an assault on the Confederacy by water, privately owned boats were purchased and converted into war vessels by the Union Navy. Among these were almost two dozen ferryboats that were converted into gunboats.
A particular Staten Island ferryboat named Westfield, originally owned by Cornelius Vanderbilt, ended up down the road in Galveston Bay — for nearly 150 years. She wrecked at the conclusion of the 1863 Battle of Galveston, one of the most unusual battles of the Civil War.
After her purchase by the U.S. Navy in 1861, Westfield was armored and converted into a gunboat. Westfield saw significant Civil War action, participating in battles at New Orleans, Vicksburg and other places along the Gulf Coast. Her destruction at the Battle of Galveston on January 1, 1863, was one of the most important and dramatic events of the Civil War in Texas. The Confederate victory won back the port from Union forces. The port stayed in Confederate hands the remainder of the war, and saved Texas from the damaging effects of occupation and battle suffered by other southern states.
In the fall of 2009, a team of marine archeologists, working under the direction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, supervised the recovery of artifacts from this unique "fighting ferryboat." It was a massive and challenging project. The team recovered tons of artifacts — including parts of the ship, a 4-ton Dahlgren cannon and personal effects of the crew.
Immediately after the artifacts were recovered from the bottom of the Galveston Bay, the conservation phase of the project began. Upon surfacing, artifacts undergo an immediate stabilization process to prevent further deterioration. This is the beginning of the long course of conservation work ahead. The desalination process, in which artifacts remain submerged in water, can by itself take six months to two years. After that, artifacts are treated with numerous conservation techniques, depending on the item's material make-up.
Many of the artifacts that have completed the conservation process at the Conservation Research Laboratory at Texas A&M University are on display with the Discovering the Civil War exhibition at HMNS.
In March, several members of the USS Westfield Project were at HMNS for a lecture: Robert Gearhart, Principal Investigator; Amy Borgens, State Marine Archeologist with the Texas Historical Commission; Edward T. Cotham, Jr., project historian and author of Battle on the Bay: The Civil War Struggle for Galveston. With the group was also Justin Parkoff, who is currently working on conservation of artifacts at the Conservation Research Laboratory at Texas A&M University.
While at HMNS, Parkoff toured the Civil War exhibition and experienced a eureka moment while viewing the artifacts on display from the Nau Civil War Collection. He spotted a Union belt buckle with a familiar shape.
Parkoff had been working on conserving two seemingly unrelated artifacts from the Westfield wreck site, but no one had been able to identify what they were — until now.
"This is exciting because we have so few personal artifacts from Westfield," Parkoff explained.
Below are the two recovered artifacts.
Below is a photo of a replica buckle, identical to the one on display at HMNS from the Nau Collection.
Want to learn more about excavating and conserving shipwrecks?
Join HMNS for an exclusive behind-the-scenes tour of the Texas A&M Conservation Research Laboratory on June 16. After learning how researchers locate shipwrecks and recover items from the wreck site, tour the labs to see the different stages of artifact conservation. Starting with indistinguishable concretions, from small specimens to large sections of a ship, you will see how items are transformed in lab treatments.
Our guides are Dr. Donny Hamilton, director of the Conservation Research Laboratory, and Justin Parkoff, graduate student from the Texas A&M University Nautical Archaeology Program. Considered the leading research institution in the world for shipwreck archaeology, teams from Texas A&M have located, recovered and conserved shipwrecks from around the world.
Click here for more information and to purchase tickets. Tickets availability is limited. Advance ticket purchase is required.
Don't miss the chance to see Discovering the Civil War before it leaves Houston. The last day on view is April 29.


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In the Matter of
Richard Wolff, Alex Grinshpon, Alex Solon, and Jeffery Stone,
In connection with previously instituted public administrative proceedings pursuant to Section 15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"),1 Respondent Jeffery Stone ("Stone" or "Respondent") has submitted an Offer of Settlement ("Offer") which the Commission has determined to accept. Solely for the purpose of these proceedings and any other proceedings brought by or on behalf of the Commission or to which the Commission is a party, and without admitting or denying the findings herein, except as to the Commission's jurisdiction over him and the subject matter of these proceedings, and the findings contained in Section II.C. and II.E., below, which are admitted, Stone consents to the entry of this Order Making Findings and Imposing Remedial Sanctions Against Jeffery Stone ("Order"), as set forth below.
On the basis of this Order and Respondent's Offer, the Commission finds that:
A. At all relevant times, International Investment Group, Ltd. ("IIGR") was a Delaware corporation whose principal offices were in New York, New York. The common stock of IIGR was publicly traded on the over-the-counter market. . B. At all relevant times, Stone was a registered representative of T.L. Group, Inc., a former broker-dealer that was registered with the Commission during the relevant time period.
C. On June 26, 2003, Stone was permanently enjoined by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in SEC v. Ruge, et al., 97 Civ. 9306 (S.D.N.Y.) (DAB), from violating Section 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 ("Securities Act"), and Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder.
D. The Commission's complaint in the above-referenced action alleged, among other things, that:
1. From June 1995 through February 1996, the Defendants, including Stone, engaged in a fraudulent scheme to manipulate the public trading market for securities issued by IIGR through the payment of undisclosed bribes to various registered representatives and other individuals who sold IIGR stock to the public without disclosing payment of the bribes. The chairman of IIGR provided blocks of IIGR shares to promoters at a substantial discount from the prevailing market price so that the promoters could sell those shares to brokers who would then sell the IIGR shares to retail investors at inflated prices. The promoters paid bribes to the brokers to induce them to sell the IIGR shares. Stone paid bribes to brokers to induce them to sell IIGR shares, and also received bribes for selling IIGR shares himself. The promoters kept a portion of the proceeds from the sale of the shares for themselves and remitted the balance to IIGR's chairman. The Defendants collectively received approximately $500,000 in illegal profits from the fraudulent scheme.
2. Stone violated Section 17(a) of the Securities Act, and Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder, in connection with the offer and sale of IIGR securities.
E. On September 21, 1999, Stone pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and commercial bribery in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371, and two counts of wire fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 1343 and 1346. United States v. Jeffrey Stone, 97 Cr. 1034 (S.D.N.Y.) (JSM).
F. The indictment underlying Stone's guilty plea alleged, among other things, that at various times between February 1995 and September 1996, Stone accepted secret payments of cash from one of the defendants as an inducement for causing his customers to buy IIGR common stock on the open market to increase and maintain the share price of IIGR common stock at an artificially inflated price.
G. On the basis of his guilty plea, Stone was sentenced to thirty six months of imprisonment, followed by three years of supervised release, and ordered to pay a fine in the amount of $50,000.
In view of the foregoing, the Commission deems it appropriate and in the public interest to impose the sanctions agreed to in Respondent Stone's Offer.
Accordingly, it is hereby ORDERED:
Pursuant to Section 15(b)(6) of the Exchange Act, that Respondent Stone be, and hereby is barred from association with any broker or dealer.
Any reapplication for association by Respondent Stone will be subject to the applicable laws and regulations governing the reentry process, and reentry may be conditioned upon a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the satisfaction of any or all of the following:
For the Commission, by its Secretary, pursuant to delegated authority.
|Home Previous Page
Modified: 08/06/2004


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Former Pakistani leader Musharraf escapes bomb attack
ISLAMABAD — A bomb struck along a route used by Pakistan's former President Pervez Musharraf, going off shortly after he drove by it on his way home from the hospital, a police official and the former ruler's spokeswoman said Thursday.
Musharraf was not harmed in the explosion and there was no immediate claim of responsibility for the bombing.
The Pakistani general had survived multiple assassination attempts while he was in office. When he returned to the country last year, the Pakistani Taliban vowed to kill him.
In the latest attack, Musharraf was traveling from the military hospital in Rawalpindi where he's been treated since January to his house in the capital of Islamabad when the blast went off early Thursday, said police official Mohammed Hayat.
Musharraf's convoy had crossed a bridge entering the capital when the bomb exploded shortly after, Hayat said. He said the blast was caused by 2 kilograms (4.4 pounds) of explosives, adding that it was not clear whether it was a remote control or time device.
Hayat said Musharraf appeared to be the target of the blast but it was not immediately clear how far his vehicle was from the explosion.
Musharraf's spokeswoman, Aasia Ishaq, said the retired general was already at home when the blast went off and that he was fine. An aide to Musharraf who did not want to be identified because he was not authorized to speak to the media, said the convoy had left the hospital about 20 minutes earlier than planned.
Ishaq said it was up to the authorities to make sure nothing happens to him.
''All extremist and terrorist forces want to kill Musharraf,'' said the spokeswoman. ''If anything happens to Musharraf, the government will be responsible.''
The blast ripped up a small section, about one-yard wide, of the brick sidewalk. Police initially cordoned off the area to gather evidence but later removed the tape and traffic passed freely.
Musharraf, 70, took power in a 1999 coup and served until 2008, when he was forced to step down as his popularity plummeted. He later went into self-imposed exile. Musharraf returned in March of last year to run in the elections — only to be disqualified and immediately face a number of legal challenges related to his time in office.
The most serious is a high treason case brought against him by the government that could result in the death penalty if he's convicted. The case stems from his decision to suspend the constitution on Nov. 3, 2007, and detain a number of judges.
Musharraf was formally charged in the case on Monday. It was only his second appearance in the court proceedings which started in December. He missed multiple appearances due to security concerns and others after going to the hospital in early January after complaining of chest pains.
His legal team has pushed for him to be allowed to leave the country to seek medical treatment and to visit his ailing mother but the government and courts have so far not approved their requests.


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west elm is bringing more local makers + handcrafted goods to our customers! We're proud to announce the launch of west elm local at our Dallas store in Mockingbird Station. This new collection is a curated selection of home goods and handmade gifts from Texan artisans.
Texas-shaped wall hangings made from reclaimed wood by Kris + Kelley Denby of Hemlock & Heather.
Dallas Neighborhood Maps by David Anthony Harman.
Handcrafted jewelry from William Knopp and Jessica Tata's Son of a Sailor.
Art prints from husband and wife team Morgana + Gerren Lamson of Satchel & Sage
Celebratory banners from TastefullyMismatched.
Photographic Botanical Prints from Miles of Light.
Canoe — modern leather goods by Natalie Davis.
Prints of quilt drawings from Alyson Fox.
W Durable Goods from Daniel + Stephanie Wright.
Patterned ceramic vases from Susan Rodriguez of Ceramica Botanica.
Check the west elm Dallas Facebook page + follow @westelmdallas on Instagram to stay up-to-date on #westelmlocal launch parties + events.
Are you a local maker? If you know of any other Makers in Texas or around the country that west elm should consider for local assortments, please let us know. Email your recommendations to: firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Nalco Champion Global Headquarters
11177 S. Stadium Drive
Sugar Land, TX 77478
Nalco Champion Customer Service
Phone: 1-877-288-3512
Fax: 1-877-288-3513
Email: email@example.com
To request additional information about Nalco Champion products and services, complete the form and a Nalco Champion representative will contact you. To inquire about career opportunities, please refer to the careers section.
It includes:
A team of experts including water specialists who troubleshoot unique system issues, service technicians who inspect RO systems, and research scientists who identify opportunities for reducing water and energy while maintaining target production levels.
3D TRASAR™ Membrane Technology detects problems in real-time before they affect your operation; determines and executes a proper response so chemistry is automatically fed at the precise amount needed; and delivers water and energy savings, reduced operational costs and a smaller environmental footprint.
Continuous 24/7 monitoring by a remote team of experts who analyze data and provide system recommendations, such as the optimal time to clean membranes in order to avoid shutdown and protect assets.
Routine service visits to ensure your system is running properly.


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Female Hit Squad Leader Linked to 20 Murders Arrested
(MEXICO CITY) -- Mexican police say they have arrested a female drug cartel assassin whose hit squad carried out at least 20 murders, including a hit on a policeman.
Maria Jimenez, AKA La Tosca, or "The Tough One," allegedly led a group that included men, women and teens and was paid $1,700 a month by Los Zetas, Mexico's most violent and second-biggest drug cartel, to carry out hits in Monterey, Nuevo Laredo and other cities in Northern Mexico.
According to the Mexican newspaper El Milenio, police said Jimenez "was directly involved" in the murder of Detective Antonio Montiel, who was killed in his pick-up truck by a fusillade of .9 mm bullets. Jimenez allegedly used an ATV to cut off Montiel's vehicle and force him to stop.
Jimenez, 26, and her alleged accomplices were arrested in a stolen gray van on May 1 in Monterrey.
The Zetas cartel, which controls the drug trade in much of north and east Mexico, is considered the main rival to the Sinaloa cartel for dominance. The cartel was formed by a group of former soldiers hired in 1999 as a private army by the Gulf Cartel who then split off to form their own rival drug trafficking organization. Many members have police or military backgrounds, including some soldiers who have special forces training.
The Zetas, who also operates in Guatemala, have been a major target of Mexican President Felipe Calderon's attempted crackdown on drug cartels. More than 50,000 people have died in the crackdown, and the Mexican Attorney General estimates that 7 percent of the casualties are military or police officers.
Copyright 2012 ABC News Radio


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Learn about the dangers of genetically modified crops.
Will genetically modified crops save us or sink us?
When members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) met in Seattle last fall to discuss global trade issues, negotiations were unexpectedly shut down by the shattering of shop windows and police in body armor. Nearly 35,000 demonstrators from around the world clogged the city's streets to protest what many saw as the closed-door politics of global food corporatism. Meanwhile, the 137 WTO delegates were there-rather skeptically by all accounts — to iron out labor issues, decision-making policy and to discuss what to do about a tense and growing international food scare: the potential dangers of genetically modified (GM) food. Instead, tear gas canisters and rubber bullets littered the streets, 400 protesters went to jail and the WTO went home stunned and empty-handed. Why? While the immediate reasons involve an arguably overzealous response to recent headlines, the root causes can be traced back to a small seacoast lab, more than a century ago.
In 1874, Luther Burbank, a 26-year-old farmer's son from Lancaster, Massachusetts, with an elementary school education, had the unprecedented idea of taking the pollen from one plant and fertilizing the fruit of another — thus creating a hybrid. He didn't know if the qualities of the male or the female would dominate, but the experiment was an interesting gamble. In his 55 years of working with plant species, Burbank produced over 800 strains and varieties. Among these was the Burbank potato, developed to combat the devastating potato blight affecting Ireland's crop. He sold the rights to his lifesaving potato for $150.
In the 1950s, scientists began exposing seeds to X-rays, hoping to jostle the genes inside. It worked, and mutant varieties were the result. They selected from these and were able to develop some new varieties that were worthwhile, but the process was largely hit-or-miss and no less time-consuming than hybridization.
Then science took a giant leap forward when the first gene was transferred between plant organisms in 1973. Such engineering involves the splicing of a gene from one organism into another. Every gene — whether of bacteria, plant or animal — codes for a specific protein. Thus, when you insert a foreign gene into an organism, you prompt that organism to produce a non-native protein, changing its basic structure at the cellular level.
Just 14 years after the initial experiment, the first genetically engineered plants were grown outdoors. By 1995, these plants were growing on commercial acreage. Today, more than half the nation's soybean crop is genetically engineered. Modified soya is now in so many foods that it is very difficult to keep it out of your shopping cart, try though you might. There is no labeling requirement. The only way you can be assured that what you eat has not been genetically engineered is to grow it yourself or to buy food that has been certified organic.
So what? Is there any reason someone should not want to eat genetically altered food? To date, nobody knows for certain, and that lack of certainty has thrown thousands of jobs, untold fortunes and the general health of billions of people into a blind trust. And trust may never again come so easily to the dinner tables of the world.
Stirring the Pot
The current wave of anxiety concerning engineered food began in early 1999, when a biologist named Arpad Pusztai fed potatoes to rats in Aberdeen, Scotland.
The experiment Pusztai performed at the Rowett Research Institute was meant to test whether GM crops designed to produce an insecticide — in this case potatoes patented by the Swiss company Novartis — could be harmful or toxic to animals. He found that rats fed the GM potatoes for ten days developed intestinal deformities and seemed to have weakened immune systems compared to rats that were fed natural potatoes. Even before the experiment could be properly checked, Pusztai appeared on national television pillorying GM food, consequently handing radical environmental groups and already panicky consumers a reason to fear GM crops as a health hazard.
In retrospect, it's no coincidence that the public outcry over food safety began in Britain. It was the English, after all, who discovered BSE, or mad cow disease, in their livestock, an epidemic that has killed (or was a material reason for the killing of) more than a million head of cattle since 1991. Some 1,500 cows were destroyed because of BSE as recently as last year. Needless to say, the European public was already on edge about the safety of its food. That fear was exacerbated last year, when Belgium removed chicken from grocery store shelves after some of the meat was found to have a high content of toxic dioxin. And as if that wasn't enough, Coca Cola was forced to recall $103 million worth of Coke in Belgium after consumers complained of nausea, dizziness and headaches. Small wonder GM foods were met with resistance.
And yet what do the facts of Pusztai's experiment really show? Is ten days of feeding potatoes to rats enough evidence to condemn biotechnology altogether? Scientists in Britain point out that any normal potatoes fed to a rat for ten days would stress both its digestive and immune systems. Pusztai's study was discredited as "dubious science" by Britain's Royal Society and no other evidence has since been found to suggest that GM food is harmful to human health. Likewise, studies at Cornell University, Iowa State University and in Switzerland have come up empty on forays into the possibility that GM crops may be harmful to the environment.
Nevertheless, the European public has not wavered. By the time the WTO met in Seattle last November, the United States and the European Union were in a trade war. The EU had banned American beef treated with growth hormones, while the U.S., in retaliation, imposed 100% tariffs on certain EU foods like French truffles and British pork. Meanwhile, McDonald's restaurants in France and Belgium were vandalized and fields of modified crops in Germany were trampled.
Bowing under public pressure, the EU refused to import any more GM crops from the U.S. and Canada, thereby setting the stage for the debacle in Seattle and the latest round of talks in Montreal this past winter (see "The Biosafety Protocol Safeguards Against Genetically Modified Crops" in this issue). In the space of a few months, much of the world had seen the promise and perceived danger of GM food . . . and opted out.
Governing Business and Safety
Globally, sales of genetically modified seed grew 20-fold between 1995 and 1998, a remarkable start out of the gate for a relatively new technology. During that time, the GM food corporations' promise of safety went unquestioned both at home and abroad. And the seed corporations enjoyed what can only be described as a cozy relationship with the U.S. governmental bodies responsible for overseeing product safety.
With the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) overseeing the nation's food supply, pesticides have to be approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and new plant species come under the review of the Department of Agriculture (USDA). However, when genetic engineering involves breeding plants that actually kill pest insects, the line between food and insecticide is blurred. Responsibility quickly becomes confused. The regulatory response to that conundrum leaves large holes through which GM seed corporations have been jumping for years.
Consider the FDA decision in 1992: The agency would not recognize the process by which a food was developed, only its character. It said, in effect, that if a new strain of GM potato looks, smells and tastes like an ordinary potato, then its review is concluded. Any nonaesthetic modifications — the transfer into a potato of a gene from the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), for example — would not be considered in food analyses. Bt, a natural insecticide used by many organic farmers, is already a registered pesticide in the U.S., excusing the EPA of any further obligation to review Bt crops. The USDA's responsibility is to make sure that new plant varieties pose no threat to production agriculture or to the environment during cultivation. It is enthusiastic in its support of GM plants and has said as much in numerous statements, including the following from its Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS):
Over the past year, there has been a continuous flow of requests for determinations by APHIS that particular field-tested organisms have no potential for... risk and should no longer be regulated. These requests, from developers of new products produced through biotechnology, facilitate the entry of the products into the marketplace. Sixteen new products in seven crop plants were the subject of such determinations in the past 28 months.
Small wonder, then, that the first four years of GM seed sales were astronomical.
The Backlash
But increasing concern among consumers — in Europe, Asia and more recently the U.S. — over the unknown health and environmental hazards of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has suddenly got the biotech seed industry scrambling to assure governments, growers, food processors and the public of the safety of their products.
They look to be losing ground: Among the companies that have announced they will refuse GM crops are Cadbury and Nestle (in Europe); the Japanese brewers, Kirin and Sapporo; Mexico's largest tortilla maker, Grupo Maseca; and baby food manufacturers Gerber (which, incidentally, is owned by biotech seed giant Novartis) and H.J. Heinz. Add these to the dozens of high-profile companies that have refused GM crops from the beginning, including Eden Foods, Barbara's Bakery, Newman's Own, Bird's Eye, Ben & Jerry's, Stonyfield Farm and Horizon Organic Dairy, and the sum is a public relations nightmare. Even the U.S. pet food company Iams has said it will reject GM maize for its dog chow. But the latest blow may sting the most: In January, Frito-Lay Inc., the enormous snack food division of PepsiCo, announced that it was jumping on the GMO-free bandwagon.
Monsanto spokesman Dan Verakis was quick to note that even Frito-Lay admitted its decision was driven not by any proven health threats, but rather by consumer attitudes. He dismissed the move as evidence of what he sees as a potential "niche market for non-biotech grain, similar to the market that exists for organics" (this, despite Frito-Lay's status as mainstream snack king).
In the midst of this turmoil, the world's largest seed and agrochemical companies are pooling war chests, as mergers sweep the industry, leaving just a handful of megacorporations in charge of much of the planet's food supply (see "The World Food Supply Falls Under Control of a Few International Companies" in this issue).
While clearly the motive is profit (business is business, after all), these industry giants also claim more beneficent aims. This technology, say its proponents, will help to feed the world, while reducing the use of chemical pesticides. And, in the very near future, it could produce foods that are tastier, more nutritious and even therapeutic.
Feeding People or Pockets?
According to the United Nation's Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), nearly 800 million people worldwide do not have enough to eat. Moreover, the global population is expected to double in the next 40 years — with the vast majority of this explosion occurring in underdeveloped, underfed nations.
"We know this means that agricultural output and production needs to increase by 70%," says Monsanto's Verakis. "And so how do we do that? Clearly, dumping more chemicals on the ground isn't the answer. I don't think many people would agree that slashing and burning the remaining rain forests is a very good approach. Frankly, biotech is not the Holy Grail either, but it has demonstrated its ability to increase yield and reduce chemicals."
But hunger, at least in today's world, seems to have little to do with food. Global production systems currently produce the equivalent of roughly four pounds of food daily for every man, woman and child on the planet. So why are so many starving?
The FAO identifies poverty and marginalization as the root causes of hunger in nations at peace, while, predictably, physical destruction and displacement of people perpetuate hunger in nations at war.
"Feeding the world is not a technology-related problem," says Jane Rissler, senior staff scientist with the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), a 50,000-member, nonprofit watchdog group concerned with the misuse of science and technology. "It is a problem of wealth and distribution of wealth. It is a problem of politics. Having a new technology guarantees very little in the face of poverty."
Rissler suggests that the industry is not just misguided, but duplicitous: "If these companies do want to feed the world, then why are they trying to sell genetically engineered crops in the U.S. and Europe? That is not feeding the world. These companies are trying to play on our guilt feelings by convincing us that if we don't buy this technology and make it a success, somehow the world will not get fed. It's a public relations ploy."
As evidence, Rissler points to the fact that, with the exception of rice, the inexpensive staple and subsistence crops so important to Third World farmers are hardly on the minds of the megacorporations. "There is not," she observes, "a great rush to develop products for the developing world."
To be fair, Monsanto for one did open its St. Louis laboratories to two Kenyan researchers, whose efforts there produced a genetically modified sweet potato resistant to the feathery mottle virus. (Sweet potatoes are among the world's most important subsistence crops.) According to Verakis, Monsanto "gave away the technology" and has "no commercial interest" in the product.
Monsanto and the other biotech giants do, however, maintain a very definite comrnercial interest in the world's major cash crops — cotton, corn, wheat, soy — to the extent that they've made seed-saving criminal, compelling farmers to purchase a supply annually. Critics worry that the high cost of biotech seed, combined with shrinking alternatives, may force poor farmers worldwide out of business.
Environmental Boon or Bust?
Even as Greenpeace and other environmental groups continue to staunchly oppose GMOs, the industry holds fast to its claim of a "green" agenda. Bioengineered seed, say its boosters, will decrease the use of herbicides and pesticides, while increasing per-acre yields. Monsanto's Verakis points for example to cotton farmers, who he says can substantially reduce their pesticide use by switching to Bt cotton, which protects against the bollworm. "Instead of spraying ten or 12 times, farmers who plant our Bt cotton are now spraying only once or twice, depending on the size of the infestation," says Verakis. "In much the same way a silicon chip in a computer is replacing huge roomfuls of information, we are putting information in a seed, and that gene, that DNA, replaces tankers full of pesticides and other chemicals."
But are bioengineered seeds living up to their promise? In 1999, genetically modified crops were grown on some 73 million acres in the U.S., roughly a fifth of the nation's total cropland. Yet definitive evidence of corresponding pesticide reductions is hard to come by.
The USDA compared GM to non-GM plantings in terms of both pesticide use and crop yields (using 1997 figures), but cautions that its results are imperfect, since differences may be attributable to such factors as weather, soil conditions, irrigation, pest pressures and production practices. Nevertheless, the department was able to draw some general conclusions — chiefly that the impact of GMOs varies considerably depending on the crop and the technology. In some cases, yields increased while pesticide use decreased (where, for example, farmers planted Bt cotton or herbicide-tolerant soy), but there is also evidence that herbicide use may have increased in some areas planted with herbicide-tolerant seed. (Such seed enables farmers plagued by weeds to spray with abandon, without endangering their crops.)
"This is not a slam dunk," says the UCS's Rissler. "One cannot conclude that this technology has been proven to increase yield or to substantially reduce pesticide use across the board. So our question is: With so little benefit, why are farmers and consumers being asked to take any risk?"
Are There Human Health Risks With GMOs?
While so far no human health scare has been linked to GMOs, concerns that "Frankenfood" could harm life or limb have consumers worldwide worried.
Fueling the frenzy are misleading accounts of cross-species experiments (see "The Monsanto GMO Story: Adding a Fish Gene Into Tomatoes" in this issue) and at least one highly publicized near-miss involving a Brazil nut gene spliced into a soybean; researchers discovered that people allergic to Brazil nuts would also be allergic to the modified soy and the product was pulled from development before it went commercial — but not before it raised real doubts about the safety of bioengineered foods.
Critics further worry about the introduction into our food supply of genes and thus proteins from bacteria and other nonfood organisms. The fear is that these novel proteins could prove allergenic or even toxic.
But biotech proponents argue that the Brazil nut incident actually bolsters industry safety claims, since the danger was identified and the project killed well before it might have become a public health risk. Monsanto spokesman Verakis says his company tests its products ad nauseam: "The director of our regulatory and safety division has calculated that the number of person hours his team has devoted to safety testing of biotech crops . . . together adds up to more than 400 years."
But critics caution that laboratory results cannot predict every eventuality (witness the number of prescription drugs that pass 12 years of clinical trials only to later be pulled from the shelves).
"There hasn't been enough research done," says the UCS's Rissler. "We are not building a database of information; this food is not labeled so we can't follow its effects. We may have already had people who have gotten sick from it, and we just don't know about it . . . . If you don't look, you don't see risk. And that's pretty much where we have been in this country. We don't look and so therefore we have not found."
The Next Wave of Genetically Modified Crops
Already complicated, the debate over genetically modified food is about to get more difficult. While both sides may convincingly argue over herbicide-tolerant or pest-resistant crops, it gets tougher to oppose foods that may improve nutrition or medicine for millions.
Globally, health-care delivery systems are overtaxed, and advanced practices and pharmaceuticals remain beyond the reach of much of the world. Verakis suggests that foods bioengineered to deliver important nutrients or drugs could prove a significantly less expensive, more practical way to fight malnutrition and disease on a global scale. His company is working to engineer healthier cooking oils that will help to lower cholesterol, as well as a canola oil high in beta carotene (the precursor to vitamin A).
And Monsanto is not alone: Earlier this year, "golden rice" — a product engineered by Swiss researchers to contain high levels of beta carotene — made headlines as the next best hope for the 124 million children in Southeast Asia and elsewhere who are deficient in vitamin A, a quarter million of whom go blind annually,
But despite its seeming promise, UCS's Rissler isn't sold on the rice: "It hasn't been proven outside of the laboratory, in the fields. It's not clear that people will buy yellow rice [golden rice has a decidedly unnatural hue]. It's not clear what will happen when people cook the rice. There are a lot of unknowns, yet the industry just jumped right on that golden rice, hoping to ride that little board through some pretty big waves, because they really needed some good news.
"The industry," she adds, "is always criticizing people who talk about risk, saying it is all conjectural, lout many of their benefit statements are also conjectural."
For his part, Verakis would like to see an end to the criticisms from both sides, and the beginning of real discussion: "What we are pushing for is a proper dialogue" about GMOs, he says. "But if, at the end of the day, you can't acknowledge the benefits of biotechnology, there is no room for dialogue. And likewise, if you can't acknowledge that people have concerns about biotech, there is also no room for dialogue."
The Hardest Hit: Family Farms
As with many controversies Surrounding food production in the last century (the first plant hybrids commercially introduced in the 1930s and the Alar apple scandal spring to mind), the biggest burdens of the GMO battle will fall upon farmers. Combines and trucks are running on fuel that continues to skyrocket in price, food surpluses have been driving crop values lower, and now farmers are forced to contend with an increasingly unpredictable marketplace. In the short-term, nearly all that GM crops have accomplished on the farm is to make planting a juggling act, with a family's security hanging in the balance. Gary Goldberg, president of the Tulsa, Oklahoma-based American Corn Growers Association (ALGA), has been fielding reports from farmers and comparing GM crop yield results since the plants first appeared in the fields of North America.
"If the promise of GM plants, in our instance corn, is that they will boost yields for the farmer, then we can do without them. We already have lost $200 trillion in sales last year because the European Community and others have refused our corn. And this happened when we already had a corn surplus. We can't afford to see prices drop any further but they might."
Goldberg goes on to say that even a well-intentioned move away from GM crops carries its own risks.
"The biggest threat facing farmers right now," he reports. "is the marketplace. Every farmer growing corn has to wonder if his crop will be sellable by the end of the year. In this kind of incredibly volatile market . . . in which Seagram's suddenly refuses to accept GM crops, in which Heinz and Gerber baby foods, Iams and Frito-Lay do the same . . . well, there's no way for a farmer to really plan. It's making a difficult business much more so."
And as if the threat of a continually dwindling national and international marketplace isn't enough, Goldberg sees a legal battle looming on the horizon. "Say an organic farmer's land is next to that of a farmer who plants GM crops, and GM pollen drifts onto the neighbor's land. Well, now that organic farmer is out of business because he can no longer guarantee pure food. We will have farmer suing farmer, neighbor suing neighbor."
As for the safety and reliability of the GM seed and finished crops, the ACGA is more pragmatic than fearful. Goldberg explains: "Genetic modification of crops is a tool, nothing more. If it can boost nutrition and help grow better crops, then full-speed. Of course we want complete safety assurances, but our primary job is to get better food on the table. If GM helps . . . great."
Bob Cannard of Cannard Farms in Sonoma, California, a longtime proponent of sustainable agriculture and an outspoken critic of GMOs, sees repercussions in "enhanced" food more serious than even bankrupt farmers.
"In a few years," Cannard warns, "all the food varieties and all the plant varieties we have selected and bred for thousands of years, lovingly, scientifically, will be thrown away if the current trend continues. And for what? For plants that resist pests they'd be able to resist already if we grew better commercially?"
Cannard sees GM proliferation as both a complex and dangerous solution to a simple problem. "Healthy plants grow well, grow in abundance and largely don't need pesticides . . . something that every sustainable farmer and organic grower will tell you. Take corn for instance. It honestly isn't one of my big crops here, but as an experiment, I planted two pounds of Iroquois white corn seed, which produced about 4,000 ears. The corn grew beautifully with minimal attention, and when I picked through the ears, I found not one corn borer [the pests that genetically modified Bt corn is designed to fight]. It's not a scientifically complete test," allows Cannard, "but it helps prove that well-fed and healthily maintained plants require few pesticides — much less genetic engineering, which warps their structure forever."
When asked what he makes of the GM seed corporations' assertions that billions of dollars have been devoted to ensuring that modified seed is perfectly safe, Mr. Cannard counters: "Any scientist will tell you that mammalian testing requires at least three generations of observation and study. Which means that any allergies or other physiological problems will manifest themselves most probably in the third generation from ours — our grandchildren. But there won't be any non-GM seed to revert to by then. Farmers are having a tough time getting hold of traditional hybrids even now."
Most voices in the community of food producers are not as strident as Cannard's, but the majority of farmers seem to be concerned equally about the quality, safety and sellability of the food they grow. Mort Mather, a longtime MOTHER contributor and organic grower, sees profitable possibilities in this concern and hopes for an increasingly robust non-GM marketplace. "These seed corporations leave behind many niche markets where farmers can sell directly or nearly directly to consumers. As consumers learn more about genetic engineering and some of the problems that come with globalization of the food industry, the demand for locally grown food increases. More and more people want to have a face attached to their food or to see some label indicating the food is certified to meet some strict standard."
But at the same time that GM crops may ease open new markets for organic products, they could also make life much more difficult for organic growers, warns Mather. "Now that Bt is in a very large proportion of corn, potatoes and cotton, it is a certainty that pest insects will build up a tolerance," he predicts. "Even the scientists who did the genetic engineering agree that this will happen! They have said that these crops should be planted with a buffer [a border of non-GM crops around the much larger GM field] so that insects that get a nonlethal dose will mate with insects from the buffer and somehow this will delay the inevitable a few years. Well, the farmers aren't leaving the buffers — and the seed companies don't care. The USDA doesn't care. The EPA doesn't care. And the gene companies are telling us not to worry, that they will find something to replace Bt once it becomes ineffective.
"Which is more troubling," wonders Mather, "what they come up with next or the possibility that they will destroy a safe insecticide and not find a replacement? Either way they will make organic farming more difficult and expensive. That's one way to hurt the competition."
The Last Analysis: Do We Care?
Even the most impassioned pleas for more caution in the proliferation of seed may fall on deaf ears here at home, according to Thomas Hoban, a professor of sociology at North Carolina State University and a longtime tracker of social awareness of food issues. "About one in three people in the U.S. are aware of the GM food controversy. This compared to, say, the U.K., where 90% or better of the general public is aware." The discrepancy is attributable to a variety of factors according to Hoban, chief among them a generally enthusiastic European press corps, keen to report on every turn in the biotechnology road.
The second factor is faith. "The public trusts the USDA and the FDA to care for the food supply, period. There is no single regulatory voice in Europe anything like those two organizations, and so, for better or worse, it leaves each country to come to its own conclusion."
In the final analysis, Hoban suggests that we might simply be too busy to worry about possibly imaginary food dangers. "To Americans, taste comes first on a wish list, then nutrition; the mechanics of food production are a distant third."
To Boldly Go . . .
Until we can make our own decisions on GM crops and products by reading labels on tomato sauce cans and bread bags, genetic experiments will continue to either the benefit or the detriment of ourselves and or ecosystems. As a result, there will almost certainly be more genetic changes in the next millennium than there have been in the previous twenty. Some will be intended, others not. Will any be cataclysmic? Will these changes put our species at risk or will they herald a new age of boundless agricultural productivity? At the very least, it's worth more than just a few moments of this kind of consideration before we meddle with the genetic blueprints holding our planet together.
Related info:
The World Food Supply Falls Under Control of a Few International Companies
Congress and the Genetically Engineered Food Act of 2000
The Biosafety Protocol Safeguards Against Genetically Modified Crops
The Monsanto GMO Story: Adding a Fish Gene Into Tomatoes


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|4,819 properties
|Popular hotel
|Duangtawan Hotel
|Popular area
|Old City
|Nightly rates from
|Chiang Mai International Airport
|Reasons to visit
|Religious interests, Nature, Restaurants
Chiang Mai is quite a pleasant city but with a lot of traffic during day time. The area within the old city walls are good to walk around absorbing the city life and visiting numerous temples.
There are also a couple of museums. This city has a lot of history and culture.
A very different city compared to Bangkok. People are much friendlier and have a very different attitude towards tourists.
Peace and super clean city. Has many activities to do like trekking, drafting, jumping bungy etc... Food is very cheap and deliciuos.
chiengmai province is one of a beautiful romance and lovely country of thailand you will see a lot of amazing things there such as temples foods beautiful natural place elephant villege that will make you can not forget it espectialy the friendly people there.
Peaceful city. Nice place for switching off your brain for few days, self-drive friendly and a lot of hawker food bazaar around.
I Really liked Chiang Mai, it was a total change from what I experienced in Bangkok & Phuket. The people were really friendly and didn't hassle you for money.
The city is easy to get around and covered ute drivers were everywhere. It seems still Thailand, just more relaxed.
Small narrow roads everywhere you go, several taxi and tuk tuk all over, food is excellent, food vendors on every street, several malls in the area.
Hundreds of temples to visit scattered all over the city. Don't let someone talk you into paying more than 1000B for a day worth of sightseeing. Some locations are a bit of distance from the city but an honest taxi will take you around for the day for 1000B, pay at the end of your day only. The zoo is well worth the visit but there are several added expenses once inside. Tiger kingdom is expensive (500-1500B per person) but is an unreal experience too, be careful inside.
the tuk tuk / taxi price is not standard sometimes, i usually would ask local hotel staff the price as reference in advance
very nice city... much slower than Bangkok, easy to move around and able to join many outdoor activities, excellent.
Efter at have fejret jul i Bangkok var det dejligt at genbesøge Chiang Mai til nytår og at komme ned i gear i denne rolige by
Chiang Mai is now a very diverse city. Every year I travel to this city and slowly seeing this transition.
IT keeps changing to be more and more welcome to international travelers and Chiang Mai will never make you feel disappointed. IT has all kind of entertainment you search for, from great and valuable foods to hotels to shopping and spa. Even cater to those who love to venture out. I often travel there and keep changing my destinations for many years and still have other locations in the city which excite me to make a visit over and over again; for ex, hills and mountains which are scattered all over the entire city.
If you enjoy trekking, elephant camps, and drinking, this is your place. Having said that, you can enjoy all of these activites equally in Chaing Rai, for much less money, and also enjoy the White Temple, Golden Triangle, and the summer palace of the King's mother (a truly remarkable woman!)
Beautiful and good weathered City in Thailand to visit between November to January for the cool weather.
Moutains/Tree Tops dining, Tigers/Elephants camps, Zoo, Night Safari, Night Markets with several night spots, perfect holiday spot
Loved Chiang Mai - best part of the visit was visiting the Elephant Nature Park and walking the night market and culinary food tour of the night market
Hi, Chaing Mai is a peaceful city. Everything are very slow, it will be suitable for someone who need the fresh air and low noise
It is easy to get around and explore alleys because the old city perimeter is aligned to the north. Asian families would probably prefer the north west side of the old city (Nimmana)
Chiang Mai is very relaxed and enjoyable with many varied activities to choose from, a regional cuisine that is distinct from southern Thailand and great night markets.
The traffic is manageable, very different from the gridlock common in Bangkok. Elephant sanctuaries, mountains, zip lining, pagodas, temples, and many other sights are easy to visit from Chiang Mai on day trips.
Nice place and very different setting from bustling Bangkok. Beautiful Temples, Mountains to trek and lots os spas and massage.
I expected it to be cooler in temperature though, But it was hot (in last week of December). Up in the mountains it is chillier. With Fantastic Views. Must take the road trip to White Temple in Chiang Rai as well. Worth the visit.
I like this small city, it is quite and you can spend time in the city as you enjoy the local spa or you can walking around the mountain.
Very lively city, a lot to see and do. Great cooking classes. Main thing to know : tourist must stay in the city as city traffic management is verypoor : red lights take between 3 and 4 minutes, as a result it can take 45 MINUTES TO ONE HOURS FOR A MILE !
Beutiful city, warm welcome of local people, weahter is chilling during december and january. Relaxing.
A huge range of activities in and around Chiang Mai, which will suit all types. Rivers, Mountains, Caves, Gardens, Elephants etc etc Often changing, so best to consult local tour operators.
Chiang Mai is the base to go do many different outdoor activities in the mountains and the countryside: hiking, rafting, climbing, kayaking etc.
There are many spas and massages are nice and cheap.
Chiang Mai is a hub of many surrounding destinations. The airport is wonderful and modern and the transportation to and from is easy and affordable.
Chiang Mai city is rich and busy as any capitol city would be, yet somehow relaxed more than most. For example, when I was walking around the busy city I would hear very few horns being honked. I noticed how quite it was compared to so many capitol cities.
If have time, suggest to go up on hill in winter season and stay there for few days, natural view, weather, local food and friendliness of people
One of the most beautiful cities I have visited. Lots to do and see whether shopping, night life, dining, and massages for relaxing.
I particularly like the historical museums, a day trip by itself. Also visited an elephant sanctuary---wonderful working with the elephants. On a previous trip, I took a trek into the mountains and stayed with a Karen tribe. Very memorable.
Chiang Mai is most beautiful city, you can enjoy with every place and have many activities around there especially about cultural and traditional.
great place to visit the sites but I recommend renting a car with a GPS to get around in. The city can be a little confusing without a GPS.
If you like golf, there are a few nice courses in a 30 minute vicinity.
Love Chiang Mai but the decision to close bars at 12am spoilt this trip for me. During the day I am busy enjoying al the activities in the area and like my wee snooze before I go out socialising but by the time I had dinner then on to the bars I was left with about 2 hours max .
Just getting into the mood and bars close.
Nice place for those like to eat and enjoy coffee, there're a lot of coffee shop, restaurants and dessert shops in Nimmanna Haeminda Rd.
In the old city, there're a lot of historical places (especially temples). Lanna Folklife Museum is very interesting. Outside the city, there are a lot of Doi (mountain) for you to explore, trekking places and waterfall.


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Marina Del Rey Local Locksmith takes care of your every need and they will make sure you are happy and well secured. Our locksmiths are very professional and proficient and they have a lot of knowledge and years of experience working at Jet Locksmith Marina Del Rey. Simply call us today and get a free estimate without any obligation. Our licensed locksmiths in Marina Del Rey will and can fix any type of lock issue you may have; from regular lockouts to more complex locks for both commercial and residential properties.
Our locksmiths in Marina Del Rey are licensed, bonded and insured and are able to assist you at time of emergency. Our assortment of services include 24/7 available service to all residents of Los Angeles and surrounding areas. Some of our specialized services include digital locks, automobile entry, lock installations such as home locks, window locks, padlocks and file cabinet locks. We offer the best of services that are available at very reasonable prices. Our customers encourage and inspire us to deliver flawless service for the future of our company.
Our standard of superiority and customer assistance is why we have a long list of happy and loyal customers. We know that you will be pleased with our services and hope that you will recommend us to friends and family. Jet Locksmith Marina Del Rey holds the highest reputation in the locksmith industry for 100% customer service and top notch technicians. We have been voted the number one locksmith company in Marina Del Rey thanks to our loyal and repeated customers.
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A Truth Journal: GOP AND Hillary 2016: Get Serious Or Step Aside, Middle Class Is Fed Up:
From Denny: Voters for the Democrats, and Republicans alike, are looking all around for a political leader who will, well, lead. Fourteen years of unadulterated insensitivity and outright political inaction geared toward the majority of the country have all combined to create a ground swell of bitter resentment and grousing that hasn't been seen in decades in this country against both political parties, especially the Republicans.
The Middle Class is fed up with insincere speeches on economic progress, the drumbeat to go to war with ground troops yet again in the Middle East and lame political platitudes on every domestic issue. The Middle Class is disgusted and angry with Wall Street hand holding. Voters of both political parties are angry with the gentle wrist slapping of cheap fines for business crimes instead of jail time. Most of all The Middle Class is furious at the overt Good Ol' Boy Winks of government collusion that continues to create an environment of a stagnant U. S. economy and the constant evaporation of well paying jobs in favor of feeding The Beast of Greedy Corporate Profits while starving the people...
Help support breast cancer awareness and hope for the cure!
Visit Denny Lyon Gifts @ CafePress.com - see what's new! And a special thanks to those of you supporting this effort! You rock! Currently, proceeds go to Greater BR Food Bank and St. Jude's Children's Hospital.
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Chasing ISIS: Why Are Republicans And Pentagon Suddenly Forcing Iraq War Two?
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* * * Please support Warriors Pearl Foundation - contributing to fund efforts to help homeless female military veterans come home. Visit Denny Lyon Gifts @ CafePress.com - see what's new! And a special thanks to those of you supporting this effort! You rock!
* Check out Dennys News Politics Comedy Science Arts & Food - a place where all my 24 blogs link so you can choose from among the latest posts all in one place. A free to read online newspaper from independent journalist blogger Denny Lyon. *


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Spain has been the first country in the EU to cultivate GM plants on a commercial scale. Today, Spain is the EU member with the largest area of genetically modified plants.
The commercial cultivation in Spain began in 1998 with Bt maize line Bt176, which was banned in 2004 because it contained an ampicillin resistance gene. The cultivation of GM maize continued with another line, MON810. In 2008, GM maize was grown on 80,000 hectares, the largest acreage in the EU. The main regions for cultivation of GM maize are Aragon, Catalonia, and Albacete.
Field trials have been conducted mainly for wheat and barley, but in total there have been 405 deliberate releases of GM plants between 1999 and 2008. The experiments included alfalfa, beet, cantaloupe, cotton, eucalyptus, maize, melon, oilseed rape, plum, poplar, potato, soybean, strawberry, sugar beet, sunflower, orange tree, tobacco, tomato, and wheat.
Further information: EU Conference Coexistence, 4-6 April Vienna 2006: The Spanish experience with co-existence after eight years of cultivation of GM maize


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NM Tech Student Chapter of ACerS Wins National Award, March 6, 2000
SOCORRO, N.M., March 6, 2000 -- New Mexico Tech's student chapter of the American Ceramic Society (ACerS) recently was awarded the national organization's Student Congress "Best Community Outreach Program" award.
The university's ACers student chapter was picked to receive the prestigious honor at the annual ACerS/National Institute of Ceramic Engineers (NICE) Student Congress, which was held earlier this year in Cocoa Beach, Fla.
ACerS/NICE Student Congress delegates from several universities throughout the nation, including New Mexico Tech, offered short presentations outlining their respective chapter's activities over the past year; and delegates attending the congress then voted on which chapters should be singled out for the national awards.
Other awards presented at the Student Congress, in addition to the one won by New Mexico Tech, included "Best Fundraising Program," "Best New Member Recruitment," "Best Social Functions," and "Best Overall Student Chapter."


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Cubis 2
iOS (iPhone/iPad)
What do you need help on?Cancel X
The "match three and drop them from the board" paradigm is a staple of many puzzle games, but Cubis 2 takes the concept to a new dimension, literally. In this fast-paced game where you're up against the clock, colors can match up and down as well as across, thanks to the ability to stack cubes. Four gameplay modes, as well as a variety of special cubes that perform all sorts of tricks, add even more dimensions to the fun.


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The New York State School Finance Reform Archive is an initiative of The Gottesman Libraries at Teachers College. This comprehensive digital archive collects a broad range of documents chronicling the events and school finance issues (see topics to left) associated with the Campaign for Fiscal Equity (CFE) v. State of New York begun in December of 1999.
The archive is a part of the Gottesman Libraries Public Policy Archives Project, and is designed for all visitors interested in school finance, regardless of prior knowledge. For those who would like a basic overview of the CFE case, an explanation of the school budget process in New York State, answers to frequently asked questions about school finance reform, and a glossary of common terminology, please visit the background section to learn more. To start browsing the collection, click on a category on the left menu, a document type on the bar above, or conduct a search. The digital archive also includes Dialogues that provide arguments on different sides of key issues in the school finance debate and a Names and Faces section to learn about the key players in the CFE case.
The New York State School Finance Reform archive is an independent project of the Gottesman Libraries at Teachers College and is not affiliated with one particular viewpoint or stance. Funding for this project comes from the Rockefeller Foundation. Please Contact Us to learn more about our work.


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Apple iPhone 6 16GB Gold WITH SIGNS OF WEAR
All phones are 100% unlocked and can be used on any GSM network worldwide
Key Features
8 megapixels
4.7Ì_åÇ_inch Retina Display
A8 Chip dualÌ_åÇ_core
16GB in-built storage
The long-awaited Apple iPhone 6 has finally been unveiled and, as expected, it‰Û¡ÌÝåÁÌÎÌ�Ì´Ì�ÌÎÌ_ÌΕÀ_ÌÎå«Ì´Ìös bigger and better than ever. With a large 4.7‰Û¡ÌÝåÁÌÎÌ�Ì´Ì�ÌÎÌ_ÌΕÀ_‰Û¡ÌÝå¢ÌÎÌÝ_ Retina HD display and a beautiful, slim design, the new iPhone is a pleasure to use.
With an A8 chip, the iPhone 6 is packed with more power while an M8 motion coprocessor continuously measures data from the accelerometer, compass, gyroscope and barometer, enabling a range of new apps to track your elevation, distance and movement.
The iSight camera has a new sensor with Focus Pixels and new video features, giving you an even better way to capture every exciting and beautiful moment throughout your day.
Weight & Dimensions
- Height: 5.44 inches (123.8 mm)
- Width: 2.64 inches (67.0 mm)
- Depth: 0.27 inch (6.9 mm)
- Weight: 4.55 ounces (129 grams)
- Retina HD display
- 4.7-inch (diagonal) LED-backlit widescreen Multi‰Û¡ÌÝåÁÌÎÌ�Ì´Ì�ÌÎÌ_ÌΕÀ_ÌÎÌ_ÌÎÌÕTouch display with IPS technology
- 1334-by-750-pixel resolution at 326 ppi
- 1400:1 contrast ratio (typical)
- 500 cd/m2 max brightness (typical)
- Full sRGB standard
- Dual-domain pixels for wide viewing angles
- Fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating on front
- Support for display of multiple languages and characters simultaneously
- Display Zoom
- Reachability
- A8 chip with 64-bit architecture
- M8 motion coprocessor
iSight Camera
- 8-megapixel iSight camera with 1.5ÌÎÌ_Ì´åÇÌÎå«Ì´åµm pixel size
- Autofocus with Focus Pixels
- ÌÎå«Ì´åÂÌÎÌ_Ì´å«/2.2 aperture
- Optical image stabilization (iPhone 6 Plus only)
- True Tone flash
- Five-element lens
- Hybrid IR filter
- Backside illumination sensor
- Sapphire crystal lens cover
- Auto image stabilization
- Auto HDR for photos
- Face detection
- Exposure control
- Panorama (up to 43 megapixels)
- Burst mode
- Tap to focus
- Photo geotagging
- Timer mode
Video Recording
- 1080p HD video recording (30 fps or 60 fps)
- True Tone flash
- Slo-mo video (120 fps or 240 fps)
- Time-lapse video
- Cinematic video stabilization
- Continuous autofocus video
- Take still photos while recording video
- Improved face detection
- 3x zoom
- Video geotagging
FaceTime HD Camera
- 1.2-megapixel photos
- ÌÎå«Ì´åÂÌÎÌ_Ì´å«/2.2 aperture
- 720p HD video recording
- Backside illumination sensor
- Auto HDR for photos and videos
- Face detection
- Burst mode
- Exposure control
- Timer mode
Touch ID
- Fingerprint identity sensor built into the Home button
- Assisted GPS and GLONASS
- Digital compass
- Wi‰Û¡ÌÝåÁÌÎÌ�Ì´Ì�ÌÎÌ_ÌΕÀ_ÌÎÌ_ÌÎÌÕFi
- Cellular
- iBeacon microlocation
Video Calling
- FaceTime video
- Initiate video calls over Wi‰Û¡ÌÝåÁÌÎÌ�Ì´Ì�ÌÎÌ_ÌΕÀ_ÌÎÌ_ÌÎÌÕFi or cellular to any FaceTime-enabled device
Audio Calling
- FaceTime audio
- iPhone 6 to any FaceTime audio-enabled device over Wi‰Û¡ÌÝåÁÌÎÌ�Ì´Ì�ÌÎÌ_ÌΕÀ_ÌÎÌ_ÌÎÌÕFi or cellular
Power and Battery
- Built-in rechargeable lithium-ion battery
- Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter
- Talk time: Up to 14 hours on 3G
- Internet use: Up to 10 hours on 3G, up to 10 hours on LTE, up to 11 hours on Wi‰Û¡ÌÝåÁÌÎÌ�Ì´Ì�ÌÎÌ_ÌΕÀ_ÌÎÌ_ÌÎÌÕFi
- HD video playback: Up to 11 hours
- Audio playback: Up to 50 hours
- Standby time: Up to 10 days
- Touch ID
- Barometer
- Three-axis gyro
- Accelerometer
- Proximity sensor
- Ambient light sensor
- Lightning
The item will be shipped, free of charge, within 24-48 hours from the time the order was placed. The item will be shipped from Melbourne via Australia Post or Star Track Express (express shipping fee applies). All items are packaged in a generic box, come with a free Vodafone SIM, a USB cable and a SIM pin. Full online tracking is provided.
For Express, Next Day Delivery: Orders must be received before 12:00pm EST to be eligible for Express Next Day delivery, subject to Star Track Express or Australia Post delivery terms and delivery location.
All phones come with 3-month warranty. Please read our Warranty & Returns Policies before purchasing this item.
All refurbished phones may show signs of use. There is a 15% restocking fee for change of mind purchases -- this covers shipping, handling, and re-stocking. Battery performance may vary based on usage and cannot be guaranteed to meet Brand New Manufacturers' specifications. By purchasing this item, you agree to our Warranty & Returns Policies.


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I keep telling my wife that all this blogging effort is going to pay off eventually and someone somewhere will recognise my talent and employ me to write about extinct woodpeckers and the like. Until then I'm afraid I'm having to make do with including some adverts in each post. Tonight's ad comes from the Northumbrian Tourist Board. please take a little time to read it before moving on to rest of this post.
Are you from North America? Have you been visiting Scotland? Perhaps the weather and the number of alocholics has put you off. Here in Northumbria we have the perfect place to rest weary legs and enjoy some good food. Pictured above is the location for the very latest place to stay Crane Field Resort. Specially prepared just for you, it's the perfect short break stopover on your way back south, don't be fooled by the weather in our picture that came from Scotland.
So Autumn is here, migration in full swing. An hour spare and the options were myriad, northerlies bringing the last of the Long-tailed Skuas perhaps, Booted Warbler needing refinding down the coast, or a little viz mig for large yank cranes?
No, courtesy of an annoyingly badly timed deluge everywhere east of my back garden instead I took a nice picture of some berries.


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Kid Stuff
Toys. Who needs them?
Not even a one-year old, apparently.
The baby named Joseph has little use for toys. This is what he really wants: the telephone. The remote. Pens and pencils. Paper. Magazines. Cutlery. Cords, books and dirty socks from the laundry basket.
This is what paradise is made of for the baby.
Oh, he'll play with the toys a couple of times a day, mostly if you sit down there with him and put the shapes in the box and wheel the truck around and start the music playing and show him just how FUN it all is.
But mostly it's our stuff he wants.
And you have to think that he's got a point. If we like it so much – so much that we won't even share – it must be important, right?
You can interpret the baby's behavior anyway you like, and I'm sure that child psychologists have countless theories about the matter ranging from the seeds of envy to something Oedipal.
As for me, when I watch the baby turning from his childish things and reaching for the materials of grown-up life, what I see is nothing but the human drive to grow beyond his present into the possibilities of the future.
And how does that work itself out? By watching other people whom you sense are further along that path than you have and doing what they seem to enjoy and think is important. (Except for the dirty socks part)
It's a good train of thought for May, as we wind down our school years and our catechetical programs. What are our children learning about faith through the way we live it? Does our behavior and our grasp of our faith draw them, attract them and coax them? Does it look like something they want to do?
Consider the question on a personal level. Does your faith bring you joy? Or have you made faith a force for division and pressure in your household? Is Sunday morning a happy time, or is it three hours divided into the following segments: one hour of stress and yelling, followed by an hour of obvious boredom, followed by yet another hour of gossiping about the congregation and complaining about the priest.
Well? Is the experience of faith that your children witness something that they'd want for themselves, or is it something they'll gratefully run from the minute they leave home?
Now turn to our catechetical programs. What do the children see there? Do they hear about an amazing, unique gift of faith called Catholicism? Do they hear about the salvation and joy that Jesus – and no one else – gives?
Or are they accumulating credits for graduation, putting grades on a report card or doing time until they've been confirmed?
Is faith being presented to them as something true and irreplaceable by anything that world offers, or is it being taught as one option among many that is really no better or truer than the other?
Does their teacher's talk about faith entice them to pursue its mysteries as adults, or does it, in the end, seem like nothing worth living, much less dying for?
Finally, what of our parishes and the institutional life of our Church in general? Do our children experience the vibrancy of God's mercy and love here? Or is it politics, slogans and faux enthusiasm through which the discerning child can see in short order?
Teaching is, in the end, little more than modeling. We all know that. Even when content is the issue, when the matter at hand is the necessity of just learning the chapter or mastering the formulas, we're more inspired to master it when our teacher is enthused about the material and communicates to us that if we learn this stuff, our lives will be changed – for the better – somehow.
Are children intrigued by the adult faith they see lived out around them? Does it entice and attract them, or is does it just convince them to stay mired in kid stuff - because at least that's fun.
Background courtesy of


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- USA Vacant House Lists
- >
- South Carolina Vacant House List
South Carolina Vacant House List
A custom made list of vacant homes for cities or counties in South Carolina.Please follow directions below to place your order.
NOTE: These Lists can either be by ( CITY OR COUNTY ) be sure to NOTE in your order what location & adjust your product type before checkout. (LIMIT of 450 Addresses Per City & 900 Per County)
For a custom made list of multiple cities and counties, go to our Custom Order Form to this link -> http://www.vacanthouses.org/custom-vacant-house-list.html
All orders delivered in Guaranteed 48 Hours, by CSV (or XLSX) file, to the email input at Checkout.
Under "Counties, Property Types & Ownership" please enter:
1. The names of each City OR County you would like to order a list for.
2. Cite each type of property you want in the list. (Options include SFR, Multi Family, Condo/Townhomes & Mobile)
3. If you want your list to include Ownership by (Corporations, Entities, or Privately Owned)
4. What Owner Equity Percentage you Prefer (ex. 70%+ Equity Position)
5. What Bedroom / Bathroom / Sq Footage you Prefer
6. # of Years Since Last Sale (ex. 3 or More Years Since Last Sale)
**Before you add to Cart you must select the Type & total number of City or County lists you wish to order.
IE. If your order is processed with "1 Quantity" & you requested 3 counties listed in the "Counties, Property Types & Ownership" section, we will only deliver the list for the first county stated.**
**Additional Options Explanation**
Optional Owner Phone Number on Record to be included = *Included*
Optional Out of State Owner Addresses to be included = *Included*
* indicates a required field


text: Mobile Storage Georgia Mobile Storage Winters Chapel Mobile Storage Winters Chapel Mobile Storage Search Results We've found 2 Winters Chapel mobile storage companies that deliver to Winters Chapel - Click on any one of them for more information. Refine Search Size 5x5 5x10 5x15 10x10 10x15 10x20 10x30 Features Climate Controlled Drive-up Access Auto/Boat/RV Neighborhood None Found PODS Moving & Storage Moving & Storage Solved! Winters Chapel, GA 866-602-3813 More Info SmartBox Portable Storage of Atlanta Gwinnett Simpler. Safer. Delivered. Winters Chapel, GA 866-875-1394 More Info


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OROVILLE — Two new dog houses have been donated to the raffle to raise money to train Oroville police K-9s to detect illegal drugs.
Monday, Joshua Daniels, 9, of Oroville checked out the dog houses. Both of his dogs, Peaches, a border collie, and Hershey, a chiweenie dog, could live in one of the dog houses that has a small upstairs apartment with a door and a larger downstairs unit with a door.
"I think they are cool," Joshua said.
The Feather River Recreation and Park District and St. Thomas the Apostle Parish School started the fundraiser last month with a large dog house built with donated labor by Endeavor Homes.
Recently the Rich Demercurio family donated two brand-new smaller dog houses he built.
All three dog houses are in the foyer at the Feather River Recreation and Activity Center.
Oroville City Council will draw the tickets and announce the winners at the March 5 meeting.
All proceeds from the raffle will go to the Oroville Police Department K-9 Unit to train Z-Bo and Boscoe. The canines are trained in police work and now patrol Oroville with their partners, Officer David Bryning and Sgt. John Sanzone.
Narcotics training would allow the dogs to assist with illegal drug investigations, and officers say that would help curtail illegal drug activity.
"Now we just need to sell more tickets," said Jennifer Wyman of the park district.
Tickets are on sale for $1 each at the district offices at 1875 Feather River Blvd., the Oroville Area Chamber of Commerce at 1789 Montgomery St., Briggs Firestone at 1600 Feather River Blvd. and at St. Thomas School at 1380 Bird St.
Reach Mary Weston at 533-4415 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Join Mansfield ISD for its third annual community fundraiser to benefit the MISD Back-to-School Bash and Stuff the Bus School Supply Drive.
To participate, all you have to do is go to a specified restaurant on the given date, buy a meal and mention to the cashier that you are supporting Mansfield ISD.
Proceeds from each community night will help the district collect backpacks and school supplies for MISD students.
Mark your calendar for the following dates and locations:
Download the Community Nights in May flyer here.
Send Your News Tips
605 East Broad Street • Mansfield, Texas 76063 • (817) 299-6300 Terms of Service | Accessibility | Site Map | Contact Us©


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Any way to setup taskbar flashing when reciving messages in Kopete? I've switched from KDE and this is the only feature I haven't been able to figure out. It's real annoying having to use "raise window on message".
Kopete set this flag (on his own window), so not Xfce related. So ask on Kopete forum/ml.
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