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Simple Rooting Guide (without galax0/galaxher0 roms)
by Rastaman-FB
For those who are a bit tentative with this kind of thing (i was aswell as it was all a bit new), this guide should help.
I know there have been other guides about but things have been made alot simpler for rooting the galaxy and as such i deem it a good thing to give a more updated way of doing this.
Ive also done it so i can add it to the stickies
First of all some understanding of root:
Root does not suddenly make things better, faster. if you have an understanding of linux you will know what root is.
As with linux there is a downside to root due to the level of access (remember the saying "he who logs in as root kills the tree") which means you can potentially destroy important things on your phone with ease as you have that level of power.
Root access or "SU" is elevated access rights to that of a full administrator (or close)
there are many apps that require root and on top of that you can add further functionality with root access
I cannot stress enough that this is completely at your own risk.
If you dont have a reason to root and dont require custom firmware or custom apps that need root then dont bother doing it.
Step 1 – Install NPS from disk or download it from here
Step 2 – download the Android SDK, this is large but you need the Tools from it in order to access the device to make modifications.
make sure you extract it to an easy location like c:\
Step 3 – ADB (pain in the arse) we need to get the driver installed for ADB, some people have random issues with ADB and Fastboot, this is mainly driver related and can be a pain in the rectum if you are using x64 vista or windows7.
on x86 operating systems you should be fine just enabling development mode and connecting it to the device (settings>applications>development>USB debugging)
If this has issues you can download the modified sdk drivers that i have tested and work from here
you could also try installing Driod Explorer from here (it will not fully work with the phone till its rooted but should install the drivers) Droid Explorer
This part also applies if you have problems with Fastboot.
alternatively check the post here
Step 4 – Get the latest recovery package that Drakaz created on HDBlog.it, you must register to download but its fair as tbh hes done wonders for galaxy
Step 5 – Extract the contents of the recovery package to the tools folder of the SDK (eg. C:\android-sdk-windows\tools)
Step 6 – Copy the RECTOOLS.tar.gz to the root of your device internal storage (sdcard)
Step 7 – Navigate to SDK tools folder in command promt (eg. cd\ hit return then cd C:\android-sdk-windows\tools) then type fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
at this point you should get "waiting for device"
Step 8 – power down device, reconnect to usb while powered down, boot into fastboot by holding "Dial+ok+power". you should see on the galaxy "fastboot mode" and if its successful it will show the amount of bites pushed to the device and after 15 seconds it will boot back into the device normally.
if you have issues with fastboot driver showing Android1.0 in windows device manager, follow the steps for ADB linking the Android 1.0 to the ADB device driver
Step 9 – Power down device and then boot into recovery (volumedown+dial+power) you should see a nice big galaxo recovery menu with plenty of options
Step 10 – Do a nandroid backup from that menu to save your current configuration if anything bad happens in the future
Step 11 – in the menu select "Enable root (SU)" click home to confirm then click "reboot system now"
You should now be rooted
most of the functions from droid explorer should now work and on top of that if you use a terminal like better terminal you can do some cool things with your phone
source: androidforums.com


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100 unregistered users
We are always interested in hearing what you think of JCO or come with suggestions for new site features.
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100 unregistered users
are on here. Come on people join!!!!! We don't bite!!!
Re: 100 unregistered users
Yes you should register they keep asking when your birthday is we may get a singing card by email
Re: 100 unregistered users
Some of us don't.
I personally do... but they are all love bites!
I'm kidding!
Join us and #Boing away in the JC universal with us!
We're fun!
PS: Not topic related but I love the movie "The Majestic" and I have just become on ->
So the speak... ^^'
I'm a guardian of the spark...
I'm a God damn and proud good fan... and I love it! = )>
Re: 100 unregistered users
100?! Wooooooooow, must've done you guys a favor then huh? hahahaha
Austin Williamson: Future Actor
Re: 100 unregistered users
Yup you did! Now is just 99 to go.... Lol
I'm a guardian of the spark...
I'm a God damn and proud good fan... and I love it! = )>
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New Faculty Members Hired at New Mexico Tech, Aug. 14, 2006
by Shawna Carter
SOCORRO, N.M., Aug. 14, 2006 — New Mexico Tech recently announced the hiring of three new faculty members for the start of 2006 fall semester at the state-supported science and research university in Socorro.
Nikolai Kalugin, Jay Naik, and Andrei Zagrai were all appointed to full-time, tenure-track positions at New Mexico Tech.
Assistant Professor of Chemistry Nikolai Kalugin, is a former resident of College Station, Texas, where he was a research assistant professor at Texas A&M University. He earned a B.S. in applied physics in 1987, an M.S. in engineering electophysics in 1989, and a Ph.D. in solid state physics/micro-and nanoelectronics in 1997 from the Nizhny Novgorod Technical University in Russia.
Assistant Professor of Biology Jay Naik, is a former resident of Jackson, Mississippi, where he was an instructor of physiology at the University of Mississippi Medical School. He earned a B.S. in anthropology in 1990 and an M.S. in human kinetics-exercise physiology in 1996 from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. In 2003, he earned his Ph.D. in biomedical sciences at the University of New Mexico.
Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering Andrei Zagrai is a former resident of Hoboken, New Jersey, where he was an instructor and researcher at Stevens Institute of Technology. He earned his B.E. in 1996 and his M.S. in 1997 in acoustics at the Taganrog State University of Radio-Engineering in Russia. He earned his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering in 2002 at the University of South Carolina.


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Oxford Scholarship Online now publishing ten times a year, instead of three.
The many-threaded roots of the Rwandan genocide, by Dr. Jay Carner - author of Rwanda Before the Genocide.
PRINTED FROM OXFORD SCHOLARSHIP ONLINE (www.oxfordscholarship.com). (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2019. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a monograph in OSO for personal use (for details see www.oxfordscholarship.com/page/privacy-policy).date: 25 May 2019
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The Home of Fashion Film and Live Fashion Broadcasting
Report by Indigo Clarke on 12 February 2013.
Looks were expertly multi-layered – impressively sans bulk given the number of pieces contributing to many of the ensembles, and crafted in striking autumnal hues with hints of pink and turquoise thrown into the mix.
Phillip Lim = how a girl in a bit city layers her clothes and tops it all off with a slouchy coat and cross body bag
Multitasking backstage at #philiplim 3.1!! Go team #essie xo #nyfw #fashionweek http://t.co/QI6rEaYf
My girl @LiuWen @philiplim w/@nars makeup & @fekkai hair. http://t.co/G5fPbLNT
Hey, we are at Phillip Lim backstage with Karlina (@kkkarlie ) http://t.co/foj4T4vV


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Agio Patio Furniture Smyrna DE 19977
Agio Outdoor Furniture Smyrna Delaware Residents EnjoyClick Here for a full list of Agio Products
In looks that range from clean, modern design to classically-styled elegant collections, Agio has a look that will show your friends and neighbors your decorating and entertaining savvy.
* Our retail location is 2760 Concord Road Aston PA, all deliveries come from this address
Bring leisure home with the Agio Party Bar Collection. A complete bar with working sink and small refrigerator. You bring the drinks, we will bring the comfort!
With looks that range from casually comfortable to elegant and dramatic, no matter which Agio collection you choose, you choose the brand that combines the finest materials and craftsmanship to create an outdoor room that you and your guests will enjoy for years to come. Discover your entertaining self with a look that says "you" and a look that says Agio with the Jefferson Collection.
This collection includes two lounge chairs with throw pillows & ottomans as well as a side table to share.
Agio | Finch | Hanamint | Lloyd Flanders | Pride Castelle | Telescope


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Israel News - Stay Informed, Pray Informed
This year marks not only the 65th anniversary of the State of Israel, but also of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), which was forged by bringing together the various Jewish militias operating in the area prior to 1948.
On May 31, 1948, David Ben Gurion founded the IDF has a unified Jewish fighting force for the defense of the newly reborn Jewish state.
The following video put out by the IDF Spokesperson takes a look at the history of the various branches that make up the Israeli military.
Want more news from Israel?
Click Here to sign up for our FREE daily email updates
For Information & Reservations:
E-Mail: email@example.com
Israel Today
Free to Your Inbox


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Farmers Market at The Cibolo
Saturday, June 14, 2014 - 8:30am to 12:30pm
Herff Farm
33 Herff Rd.
Boerne, TX 78006
Contact phone:
(830) 249-4616
Free Admission
The Farmers Market at the Cibolo features Texas-produced, high-quality organic or natural foods and products such as vegetables and fruits, herbs, organic and grass-fed meats, baked goods, jams and jellies, honey, eggs, freshly prepared sandwiches and hot food, coffee and tea in bulk and natural beauty products.
Herff FarmBoerne, TX 78006


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jingle bells, batman smells
I'm trying to stay focused and get through my list of Christmas gifts and projects, I really am. It's just soooo hard when I know there is so much wonderful going on out there in blogland and all those cool and shiny new projects are just a couple clicks away.
I mean had I been staying on task, how would I have ever found this? Okay? How could I even pretend to live a decent life of craft if I did not drop everything to make one of these for my little Batboy? Tell me how?
And please tell me how I even made it this far without ever having painted little battcheeks?
And Holy Wholesale Batman! Someone please tell me where I can buy these little wooden shapes by the hundreds (or at least dozens) so I can paint all the other characters floating around in my head. After the holidays of course.


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I just wanted to share this tidbit since Paul London is a PWG wrestler, or at least the Roster page thinks he is.
Last night, here in Reno, Nevada, our local wrestling group, Pro Wrestling Destination, presented their first show of the year. The main event was a tag-team flag match between Canada's Ballard Brothers and the USA's pairing of Paul London and Michael Shane (aka TNA's Matt Bentley). I have absolutely nothing but positive things to say about the experience. The match itself was great, with a hot finish consisting of a shooting star press and two Bentley superkicks before Paul got the American flag for his team. Both faces cut a very fan-friendly promo after the match, and their positive vibe was infectious. London and Shane were so gracious with fans, young and old, and I thought that they deserved me taking a few minutes to acknowledge their behavior last night.
They, along with Shane and Shannon Ballard, just seemed so eager to please and it was such a refreshing change of pace from the attitude you expect from "big names" that tour the indy circuit. Big thanks to all four of these guys.
P.S. - Michael Shane looks in great shape and I would not be surprised to see him return to tv in the next 6 months. Just sayin'.


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Chapel Hill: Community
Community Cares: April 9.
Horton High School Alumni Association scholarships
The Horton High School Alumni Association offers scholarships to descendants of Horton High School alumni and attendees who are in high school, college, university or graduate school during the 2014-2015 academic year. 919-444-9090, hhsaa.info.
Dare to be Different
The local 4-H group Dare to be Different is holding a raffle for a Prada purse worth $2,000. The raffle's proceeds will be used to provide scholarships for youth to go to camp, to provide lunches for Habitat for Humanity volunteers and for the group to visit Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Science Festival. Raffle tickets cost $10. 919-441-8539, 910-322-6561.
Angels on The Runway
Angels on The Runway, a charity fashion show featuring Angelrox, will be at 7 p.m. Thursday, April 10, at City Kitchen, 201 S. Estes Drive, Chapel Hill. The fashion show will raise money for Cornucopia Cancer Support Center and The Peru Project.
The N.C. Queer Youth Power Coalition will host the Queernival day of games, contests, performances and education from noon to 5 p.m. Saturday, April 12, at 304 E. Trinity Ave., Durham. The event will raise money for local gay-straight associations and other youth-led groups. insideout180.org/queernival.
Las Vegas Night
The Orange County Department on Aging and the Friends of the Central Orange Senior Center will host the annual Las Vegas Night fundraiser at 6 p.m. Saturday, April 12, at the Central Orange Senior Center, 103 Meadowlands Drive, Hillsborough. There will be a barbecue dinner, dancing, door prizes and $10,000 in "chips." Winnings from games like Black Jack and Roulette can be used in an auction. Tickets are $20 in advance and $25 at the door. 919-245-2015, friendsofcosc.com.
Bake sale
Bowbarr will host a vegan bake sale to raise money for Farmer Foodshare and celebrate Earth Day from Saturday, April 26, through Sunday, May 4, at 705 W. Rosemary St., Carrboro. The event is also part of the Worldwide Vegan Bake Sale. If you would like to get involved, email Bowbarr. veganbakesale.org, email@example.com.
Empty Bowls
CORA Food Pantry's Empty Bowls fundraiser will be from 5:30-9:30 p.m. Sunday, April 27, in the Chatham Mills Conference Center, 480 Hillsborough St. Tickets cost $30 in advance. corafoodpantry.org.
Color the Hill
The second annual Color the Hill 4K and Fun Run will raise money for the Academy of Information Technology of the Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools, A Drink for Tomorrow and the SKJAJA Fund starting at 10 a.m. Saturday, May 3, at UNC's cross country course at Finley Fields. colorthehill.com.
Golf tournament
The fifth annual Northern High School Hall of Fame golf tournament will begin with dinner at 6 p.m. Saturday, May 3, at Croasdaile Country Club, 3800 Farm Gate Ave., Durham. 919-451-7574, firstname.lastname@example.com. For ticket information: 919-560-3956, email@example.com.
Triangle Walk to Cure Arthritis
The Triangle Walk to Cure Arthritis will start at 9 a.m. Saturday, May 10, in Imperial Center, 4309 Emperor Blvd., Durham. bit.ly/1fZgzB5.


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Campaign Priorities
At Washington State University, extraordinary research and learning happen across majors and on all four campuses. The point of convergence for all these activities? The WSU Libraries.
The Libraries are a busy crossroads of people, ideas, and resources. All students depend upon the strengths of the WSU Libraries to achieve academic success and to prepare for their career goals.
Crossroads of the University - Our Strengths
- Teaching Scholarly Excellence: Information Literacy Education - WSU Libraries have nationally recognized faculty members who teach students to find appropriate and meaningful information and then use it correctly to reach high academic standards.
- Accessing the World's Knowledge: Digital Library - Digital access to information is not the future – it is the present. WSU Libraries both collect and develop digital materials; over the last decade we have developed 75 digital collections that include over 100,000 images, texts, sound files, and video clips.
- Researching the Past: Rare Books - Manuscripts, Archives and Special Collections (MASC) holds more than 53,000 rare books which are available for use even to undergraduates. MASC actively collects in areas that support the teaching and research mission of WSU.
- Creating Dynamic Environments: Spaces and Places - Even though many resources are accessed via computer, students still need clean, quiet spaces for study and group work. WSU Libraries provide physical places where the focus is on learning, with ready access to print and electronic resources and the expertise of librarians.
- Developing Life Skills: Student Employment - There are not enough scholarships for everyone, so many students must work while attending school. At the Pullman campus alone, the Libraries hire about 150 undergraduate and graduate students annually, making us one of WSU's largest student employers.
"There is no way that institutions of higher education in this very dynamic and competitive environment can build the quality and the excellence that are expected and required of them without a strong library system."
Elson S. Floyd, Ph.D., President of WSU, addressing the Association of College and Research Libraries conference on March 15, 2009


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Cuyes - Guinnea Pig
Dining with Friends
The Evening's Entertainment
Alpaca Steak
Papa Huancayina - Potatoes in Cheese Sauce
We begin our trip up the Amazon tomorrow morning. I´ll be without an internet connection for the next 7 days. I´m already showing signs of withdrawal and it is not a pretty sight. I thought I´d leave you with a few photos of the food we have been eating. Both the Silver Fox and I have had guinnea pig. It´s a once in a lifetime chance to eat something I can genuinely say I´ll never prepare at home. The taste is not bad but the presentation leaves much to be desired. The whole pig, and I mean the whole pig, is served on a plate. None but the brave or sightless need apply. Peru is fascinating on many levels. I know you would love it.


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One time at church, I was talking to a college student. She was about to take a very important final exam. She asked, "Joel, would you pray that God will help me make a C on this test?" I kind of laughed and said, "Why wouldn't we want to pray that God would help you make an A?" She said, "Oh, all I ever make in this subject are C's." She had conditioned her mind to strive for a certain level.
Well, I encouraged her to dream a little bit bigger, and we prayed that she would break through and make an A. So, she went home and studied. She prepared. She did her part. A few weeks later, she came back beaming with joy, holding her test results. For the first time ever, she made an A in that subject.
Now, this is just a simple example, but how often do we get conditioned in our minds to live at a certain level? You may think, "This is the way it's always going to be. This is what I make. This is where I live. This is my level of talent." But don't just look at things in the natural. We have to remember that we serve a supernatural God!
Today, I encourage you to break out of the rut and start praying bolder prayers. It's time for you to have some "first times" in your life. For the first time, you have an abundance; you're not struggling. For the first time, your child is making good decisions. For the first time, there is somebody in your life to love. You're not just talking about the dream. You're living the dream. Take the limits off of God. Stop asking for a C and start asking for an A. Stretch your faith. God wants to do something new in your life. He wants to give you the secret petitions of your heart, the things that you dream about but never told anyone. You would love to start a business, love to take a mission's trip, love to get married, love to own your own home, but it seems so unlikely, so far out of reach. If you told your friends, they would probably laugh. They wouldn't understand it. That's okay. You don't need their approval. This is between you and Almighty God. In your quiet time when nobody else is around, you need to be bold and start asking for those hidden dreams, for the promises God has placed on the inside. As you pray those bold prayers according to His will, it won't be long until you see every dream and every desire come to pass!
"…It is your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom" (Luke 12:32, NKJV).
We all have times when things come against us. Times when we feel cheated, mistreated, wronged or taken advantage of. Maybe you're facing a difficulty today and you're not exactly sure how to handle it.
If we look to the Word, we see that Jesus set a powerful example for us to follow. Here He was the King of kings and the Lord of lords in human form.
He carried all the power of heaven and earth on the inside of Him. Yet, when He was about to go to the cross, when the people were mocking Him, ridiculing Him, persecuting Him and lying about Him, He didn't try to defend Himself. He didn't try to set the record straight. Do you know what He did? He restrained Himself and just rested in the place of peace. He found confidence in knowing who He was. He stood strong knowing that God, His Father, would deliver Him and He would have victory in the end.
When things aren't going right or you feel like you're being treated unfairly, do what Jesus did and stand strong in the place of peace. Find security knowing that you are a child of the Most High God, and He is faithful. He promises to deliver you. Remember this: Jesus said, "Peace be with you." He said, "My peace I leave with you." What an amazing treasure we have on this earth! Hold on to that peace because nothing can take it from you, unless you give it away. Don't let offense creep in. Offense is a liar. It will steal from you and drag you down. It will erode your self-esteem and rob you of everything that Jesus has already done for you. Instead, find confidence in knowing who you are in Jesus Christ. Because He died, you can live in power. Because of what He bore, you get all the rewards—you get the peace, the power, the strength and the anointing to overcome every obstacle you will ever face!
"Peace I leave with you; My peace I give to you; not as the world gives do I give to you. Do not let you heart be troubled, nor let it be fearful" (John 14:27, NASB).
If you're like me, when you wake up in the morning, you start thinking about your day—where you'll be going, who you'll be seeing, and what the weather will be like. Then you go to your closet and choose something to wear that will work for all those different scenarios. But there's one thing that the Bible tells us we need to "put on" if we are going to be fully equipped for everything we will face each day—and that is love.
Love is a one-size-fits-all solution to every situation you will ever encounter with your family, friends, coworkers, and even the grocery clerk. When you're wearing love, you are setting yourself up for success because the Bible tells us that love never fails. And—love never goes out of style, either! It never gives up, wears out, or becomes old. It's the perfect thing for every occasion.
So, how do you put on love? It's interesting that with the principles of God, we always have to do something. Wouldn't it be nice if God would just come and put love on us? You know, like when you're in the middle of a heated discussion or someone cuts you off in traffic; it would be nice if He would just come and drop love right on us so that we would always do and say the right thing! But that's not how it works. We have to choose love. We have to choose to be patient, kind, humble and giving. We have to choose His Word. In every circumstance, we have to decide between what our mind is screaming and what our heart is whispering.
I encourage you today, read what First Corinthians 13 says about love. When you choose to read and meditate on God's Word, you are "putting on love" and empowering yourself to make the right choices. And, even if you've made some mistakes in the past, today is a new day. Receive God's love and forgiveness. Put on His royal robe of righteousness so you can move forward. Put on love and be fully equipped for everything you will ever face!
"Above all, clothe yourselves with love, which ties everything together in unity." (Colossians 3:14, ISV)
Right before Jesus was arrested and taken to the cross, He had a conversation with one of his disciples, Peter. He said, "Peter, you are going to deny me three times tonight." But Peter loved Jesus and refused to believe it, "No way! I would never deny You. I'll stand by You 'til the end!" Sure enough, the Bible talks about three accounts when Peter denied that he had any association with Jesus because he feared for his own life.
Do you know how Jesus responded? You would think He would start off with "I told you so!" But He didn't. Here's what happened…
After Jesus died and rose again, He appeared to Mary at His tomb and said to her, "I want you to go and tell everyone that I've risen." Then He said, "And, go find Peter." Now why do you think Jesus singled Peter out? He didn't call him out to yell at him or condemn him. No, Jesus wanted Peter to know that he was still loved, valued and forgiven. Jesus didn't hold a grudge. Instead, He extended mercy to Peter and restored him, and He extends that same mercy to us every single day!
Maybe you've been denied by someone. Maybe you've been hurt by someone. Maybe you are working through some pain right now. But remember, Jesus gave us an example of mercy. He shows us mercy so that we can show mercy to others. It's easy to take offense. It's easy to hold on to the hurt and pain of the past. But the best way to move forward is to give all that pain to God and show mercy and forgiveness. Start today by praying for those who have hurt you. If possible, do something nice for them. Ask God to help you learn to forgive and extend mercy to others. It's not always easy, but it starts with a choice. You make the choice, and God makes the change in your heart.
The Bible tells us that mercy triumphs over judgment. That means when you choose to show mercy instead of judging and condemning others, you are choosing victory and staying on the winning side!
Speak and act as those who are going to be judged by the law that gives freedom, because judgment without mercy will be shown to anyone who has not been merciful. Mercy triumphs over judgment! (James 2:12-13, NIV)


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KBKA Newsletter January 2013
Download the January 2013 Kent Beekeepers' Association Newsletter.Download File
by webmaster · Published · Updated
Download the January 2013 Kent Beekeepers' Association Newsletter.Download File
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The reconvened Annual General Meeting will be held at the Lenham Community Centre at 10.30 a.m. or thereabouts on Saturday 28th July 2018. The reconvened Annual General Meeting is for administrative purposes only but...
The Kent Bee-Keepers Association gives notice that the Annual General Meeting will be held at Lenham Community Centre on Saturday, 19th May 2017 at 11.30 a.m. or thereabouts immediately following the Council meeting. This...
The March 2018 newsletter is attached below.
The December 2017 newsletter, containing some useful dates of talks and the deadlines for BBKA exam applications.
Kent Bee-Keepers' Association (KBKA) Memorandum and Articles of Association
Kent Bee-Keepers' Association (KBKA) bye-laws and regulations –Revised 23th September 2017.


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This family resides in a mossy cliffside cave, 80 feet above a box canyon and the South Fork of the Bad Axe Creek - on my cabin property outside of Viroqua, Driftless. They've granted permission to film their comings and goings. I shall post captures often and we can observe the kits' development. Can you guess how many children she has?
*WARNING - video series may depict semi-violent sibling grappling, dismembered prey, and scary fox kit eating predators.


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WEBSTER — The man whose Main Street apartment caught fire early yesterday morning has died, according to authorities.
David Bacon, 60, of 112 Main St., was rushed to Massachusetts General Hospital, where he succumbed to his injuries, the office of District Attorney Joseph D. Early Jr. confirmed today.
The cause of the fire remains under investigation.
Mr. Bacon, who lived on the second floor, suffered extensive burns in the three-alarm blaze reported shortly before 1 a.m. yesterday.
The three-story building, a mix of apartments and businesses, was heavily damaged in the blaze. The building is home to Matte's Hardware.
Authorities said the fire likely started in the second-floor apartment. Neighbors said the victim kept a kerosene lamp in his apartment.


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What a task! To argue that Master Commandant Oliver Hazard Perry's celebrated "signal victory" over a British squadron in Lake Erie was eclipsed in importance by Master Commandant Thomas Macdonough's conquest of Lake Champlain a year and a day later. After all, we know Perry immortalized himself with his report to General William Henry Harrison: "We have met the enemy and they are ours." We know that this was one of the few times in Royal Navy history that a whole British squadron surrendered to its foe. We know that "Don't Give Up the Ship"—Captain James Lawrence's final words, immortalized on Perry's battle flag—has become a virtual motto of the U.S. Navy.
His contemporaries hailed Perry as the "Hero of Lake Erie." They named counties, towns, townships, streets, and babies in his honor. I've met a man whose first two names were Oliver Perry, and although not related to the commodore, he represented the fourth generation in his family to bear the name.
Well-Timed Win, Well-Chosen Words
There are three reasons why this victory and man assumed such importance in the young republic. First was timing: The Lake Erie triumph occurred during a period of significant defeats for American ground forces, and Perry's victory raised the national morale in the midst of the disgrace of the surrender of Detroit and the failures on the Niagara frontier. The Lake Erie victory seemed to be a turning point in the war and certainly encouraged many of Perry's fellow citizens to continue the fight.
Second was its magnitude: A complete surrender of a Royal Navy squadron was virtually unknown in the era of Horatio Nelson. With his triumph, Perry cut off the logistical tail of British forces on the frontier that led not only to the evacuation of Detroit, but also to the conquest of southwestern Upper Canada by General Harrison's army. Perry was, in the eyes of many, the savior of the Old Northwest from British control.
Finally was the drama: Perry's transfer of his flag from one ship to the other was not unknown in naval annals, but was spectacular and appealed to the public as an example of courageous leadership. Coupled with this were the images of the iconic battle flag and a pithy report that summarized the outcome in earthy, simple words.
If his fellow countrymen have heaped praise on him, so have historians. In the mid-19th century historian and Secretary of the Navy George Bancroft exalted the commodore: "The personal conduct of Perry throughout the 10th of September was perfect."1
The great historian Henry Adams wrote: "More than any other battle of the time [this] was won by the courage and obstinacy of one man." When selecting 20 of the most important naval leaders of the first two centuries of U.S. history, James Bradford of Texas A&M University commissioned War of 1812 authority John K. Mahon of the University of Florida to write an essay on Perry as the "Savior of the Northwest." Mahon concludes:
This tiny action . . . ranks as one of the decisive battles of American history when one considers the results. By gaining control of Lake Erie, and with it the waterways between Upper Canada and Michigan, it transferred the initiative to the Americans. The British found their position in Michigan and Ohio untenable; they were forced to withdraw, and the Northwest was preserved for the United States. William Henry Harrison was now able to invade Canada . . . [and] at the Battle of the Thames . . . broke the fighting power of the British west of Niagara River.
Who would contradict former U.S. Naval Academy Professor Craig Symonds, who selected the Battle of Lake Erie as one of the five most important naval conflicts of our national history? He summed it up with: "For the United States the Battle of Lake Erie was a Lilliputian Trafalgar fought on fresh water, with consequences every bit as profound for America's future as Trafalgar was for Britain's survival. Perry's victory secured the northwestern frontier for the United States."2
The Battle of Lake Erie
Despite such praise for and the importance of the Battle of Lake Erie, we need to look closely at it and the Lake Champlain victories through the most significant tools of analysis—what was the tactical and strategic importance of each battle?
Tactically, the Battle of Lake Erie was not one of the best conducted fleet engagements of the Age of Fighting Sail. At Presque Isle Bay (Erie, Pennsylvania) Perry, with the able assistance of a master shipwright and dozens of skilled workmen, built in short order a squadron superior in force than anything the Royal Navy could construct at Amherstburg on the Detroit River. He brought forward some converted merchantmen from the Niagara River to augment his force and secured necessary iron from Pittsburgh and armament, laboriously brought over the Niagara Escarpment and ferried to Erie, giving him a distinctive firepower advantage over his Royal Navy opponent, Commander Robert H. Barclay. The Americans won the logistical war on Lake Erie. With his shipwright's assistance Perry brought his brigs over the Presque Isle bar and into the lake, an accomplishment Canadian naval historian Alec Douglas has called "the most decisive naval achievement of the war on the lakes."3
Perry's nine vessels had a 2-to-1 advantage in weight of metal when compared to that of Barclay's six-ship squadron. Although Barclay's HMS Detroit was larger than either of Perry's two brigs, the Detroit carried a varied armament of cannon taken off the ramparts of Fort Malden that were inferior in firepower to either of Perry's twin brigs, the Lawrence or Niagara. If Perry could bring the Lawrence's short-ranged carronades into action against the Detroit, he should be able to overcome her. However, this meant that Perry's other vessels, especially the Niagara, had to engage their designated foes and not allow the British to destroy the two American brigs by concentrating fire of several ships on one of them and subsequently attacking the other.
Compounding Barclay's difficulties were the differences in armament of his two leading vessels, the Detroit and Queen Charlotte. The former was armed mostly with long guns and the Queen Charlotte with short-range carronades. The Detroit's best fighting chance was to engage in a running battle outside the carronade range of the Lawrence or Niagara; for Queen Charlotte, the battle was best fought at close range so that carronades would have the most effect.
If firepower gave the U.S. Navy a distinct advantage, Perry took a number of disadvantages with him into this engagement. The first was inexperience among the American ship captains—only Lieutenant John Packet of the schooner Ariel had fought in a ship-to-ship engagement.4 The Battle of Lake Erie would be the first squadron-to-squadron action in U.S. Navy history. In combat experience, Barclay had a decided advantage as a veteran of the Battle of Trafalgar, with several other officers who had been tested in battle.
On the other hand, Perry had a slight advantage in experienced sailors, although both squadrons were heavily manned by soldiers. Since seamanship did not play an important part in the battle, this advantage was negligible. The British had a few more men than the Americans, but this was not a significant advantage, although they may have been healthier than the Americans were, which should have assisted them. More important was that Perry's men participated in live-fire exercises with the great guns before the battle while the British utilized only dry-fire exercises. This undoubtedly contributed to the greater accuracy and greater volume of fire of American gunners in the battle.
'Engage . . . in Close Action'
The real tactical issue regarding the Battle of Lake Erie revolves around command-and-control during the engagement. Commander Barclay's subordinates contained a few very junior members of Nelson's "Band of Brothers." They had observed fleet maneuvers and combat operations and understood the subordinate initiative necessarily required during changing combat situations. The officers' mess of a Royal Navy ship constituted a school of advanced naval tactics for its junior members. Twenty years of almost constant naval warfare against France and Spain had honed the British junior officer corps in a way unknown to their American counterparts. Thus Barclay could expect devoted service to his tactical objectives and commander initiative by his various ship captains, something that was very rudimentary in the U.S. Navy.
The historical record does not provide a description of just what Barclay's orders were to his captains. However, it appears he decided on a somewhat unusual arrangement of sailing his flagship at the head of his line. He thereby hoped to inflict enough damage at long range on the leading American brig so that he could leave her for the Queen Charlotte and the other ships while the Detroit encountered the second brig. The mix-and-match armament of his two largest ships was such that no normal tactic could suffice. It was risky, but as Canadian historian Fred Drake wrote: "Barclay was damned if he fought a close action, damned if he ranged in a running fight, and damned if he had not fought at all."5
Barclay's best opportunity for achieving this maneuver would be for his squadron to have the weather gage—to be to the windward of Perry—so that he could control the distance between the two squadrons. Perry also desired the weather gage, since to have it would allow him to close the distance between the two squadrons and fully employ his carronades.
Perry issued two orders to his captains: "pay attention to preserving their stations in line" and "engage your designated adversary, in close action." He concluded at least one of his commanders' conferences with a paraphrase of Lord Nelson: "If you lay the enemy close alongside you can't be out of place." As he expected Barclay to place the Detroit in the center of his line, Perry ordered the Niagara in the van in opposition to the expected place for the Queen Charlotte.
On the morning of 10 September 1813, the wind favored Barclay, but before the two squadrons could meet the wind shifted and Perry gained the weather gage. Barclay then hove to off Middle Sister Island and awaited Perry's arrival. Before the squadrons met, Perry determined the Detroit was in the British van, and he exchanged places with Lieutenant Jesse Elliott's vessel, the Niagara, with the converted merchant ship Caledonia between them. Barclay's line was compact when his first ranging round fell short of the Lawrence, while Perry's line stretched for over two miles. Instead of waiting for the trailing vessels to close up, Perry impetuously headed straight for the Detroit. The Caledonia came forward and began firing her long guns at her foe with the Niagara behind her. Instead of closing with the Queen Charlotte, Elliott kept the Niagara behind the Caledonia and out of range for his carronades to engage his designated foe. Unable to inflict any damage on the Niagara with his carronades and knowing Barclay's intention to damage the American brigs one at a time, the Queen Charlotte's captain brought his brig forward to assist the Detroit in the attack on Perry's Lawrence.
Elliott rigidly followed Perry's order to maintain his position in line even though he did not engage the Queen Charlotte, and for an hour and a half that ship, along with the Chippawa and Detroit, pounded the Lawrence, rendering her helpless. During the entire period Perry made no signal nor sent any midshipman ordering Elliott to change position. Finally, Elliott, thinking Perry was either dead or severely wounded, brought the Niagara forward about the same time the commodore decided to transfer his flag to Elliott's brig. Up to that moment, one might argue Perry had been a better captain of the Lawrence than a commodore of his squadron. Upon boarding the Niagara, Perry ordered Elliott to bring the trailing gunboats into action while he took the undamaged Niagara and broke through the British line, quickly forcing the Chippawa, Detroit, and Queen Charlotte to surrender. The other American vessels captured the remainder of Barclay's squadron.6
This is not the place to discuss the long argument over who was responsible for why Elliott did what he did and Perry didn't do what he might have done. It is important to understand that, tactically, Perry did not fight his squadron as efficiently as it might have been fought. This is not to denigrate the courage he demonstrated while fighting the Lawrence nor the skilled seamanship of his employment of the Niagara. In the final analysis, the test of a commander's abilities is not that he could have done something better than he did, but how well the outcome of a battle achieves the desired tactical and strategic ends.
Outcomes Exaggerated
Strategically, Perry's victory allowed the reconquest of Michigan's Lower Peninsula and the seizure of Upper Canada between roughly modern London and Windsor, Ontario. The Harrison-Perry campaign clearly relieved citizens of the state of Ohio and the territories of Indiana and Illinois of British-Indian attack and forced several tribes in the area to sue for peace. On the other hand, the Americans were unable to recapture Fort Michilimackinac in 1814 and consequently the British and their Indian allies had control of the Upper Peninsula and present-day Wisconsin.7 Had peace been settled on the basis of uti possidetis—land in control in 1814—a sizable portion of the modern United States would have fallen into British hands, and America would have been left in control of the Detroit Strait. Historians engage in considerable hyperbole when claiming Perry saved the whole of the Old Northwest.
On the other hand, the British did lose naval control of the upper lakes, and their army was forced to withdraw from the Detroit area. Tecumseh's Indian confederacy collapsed. But strategically, the British delay in forcing the reconquest of the Lake Erie basin until the fall of 1813 may well have saved Lake Ontario from American dominance. Remember, Perry's ships were ready to sail by early July, but for a month he lacked crewmen and officers to man them. Had the Lake Erie campaign been resolved earlier, perhaps some of Perry's seamen and officers, and maybe Perry himself, might have been available for service with Commodore Isaac Chauncey during a 28 September 1813 battle that is known as the Burlington Races. If the outcome of that engagement had resulted in Royal Navy defeat rather than escape, then British naval parity on Lake Ontario would have been destroyed, and the American ability to invade eastern Upper Canada would have been greatly enhanced. Instead Chauncey hoarded men and officers, Barclay was enabled to complete the Detroit, and Perry could not actively campaign until mid-August.
Moreover, the victories on Lake Erie and at the 5 October 1813 Battle of the Thames had no impact on the United Kingdom's willingness to terminate what it called the Second American War. In other words, Perry's victory contributed little to international strategic and diplomatic policies.
The Lake Champlain Front
Let us for a moment return to the fall of 1812, when Perry languished in Newport, Rhode Island, hoping for a saltwater command. He may have had a little regret upon learning in September that Lieutenant Thomas Macdonough, considerably below him in rank, had received command of the virtually nonexistent naval forces on Lake Champlain, the traditional invasion route between Canada and New York. The 107-mile-long lake looks like a two-bladed dagger pointing toward the Hudson Valley at one end and the St. Lawrence Valley to the north. For a century and a quarter it had been the pathway between French and British colonies and later between the American rebels and the British in Quebec. In effect, Lake Champlain constituted a freshwater sallyport from which an army could strike at the economic heartland of either country, but its military use required naval superiority. With the Adirondacks on the New York side and the Green Mountains on its Vermont banks, controlling the lake's waters was essential for any ground operation's success.
Young Macdonough, only 27 in 1812, received one of the most challenging commands available if one assumed the traditional invasion route would be used again. For a variety of reasons, major operations did not occur in the Lake Champlain Valley during the first two years of the war. This allowed Macdonough, now a master commandant, to build a small squadron and secure dominance of the lake for most of the time prior to 1814. But in that year things changed: His Majesty's Government decided to reverse its North American strategy from defensive to offensive, and Lake Champlain became a major focus for a joint army-navy attack designed to reconfigure the American-Canadian boundary in Britain's favor.
Secretary of State for War Lord Bathurst informed Canadian Governor-General Sir George Prevost in June that he would be reinforced with 10,000 new troops and that he was "to commence offensive operations on the Enemy's Frontier before the close of this Campaign." Among a multitude of tasks allotted to him, Prevost was to take an advanced position on Lake Champlain that would significantly improve Lower Canada's security. The British sought to hold a position that would in the final treaty add to Lower Canada a port and fort from which the St. Lawrence Valley would be protected and New York and New England could be threatened. But Bathurst also counseled that any such push should be made only while "always however taking care not to expose His Majesty's forces to being cut off by too extended a line of advance."8 This phrase merely reinforced the caution that always characterized Prevost's conduct of military operations.
Forcing the Attack
Even before this decision in London, Commodore Sir James Yeo, commander of the Royal Navy's North American lakes squadrons, ordered the construction of a brig for use on Lake Champlain. Macdonough requested permission to construct a brig at his winter quarters in Vergennes, Vermont, and thus countered the British effort with a shipbuilding race that would characterize the naval effort on this lake. On 11 April 1814, just 40 days after her keel had been laid, the 143-foot Saratoga slid into the waters of Otter Creek. The shipwrights also took the hull of an uncompleted steamboat and turned it into the schooner Ticonderoga.9 (Thus Macdonough's two principal warships bore names that would continue to gain fame in the U.S. Navy long after this conflict—Saratoga and Ticonderoga.)
But the British upped the ante. They built the 37-gun Confiance, which when completed would be the largest vessel on the lake, twice the tonnage of the Saratoga. President James Madison overruled Secretary of the Navy William Jones' determination not to add to the Lake Champlain squadron and ordered the construction of the brig Eagle, which was done in a spectacularly fast 19 days. When all the shipbuilding was finished, the Royal Navy had a slight firepower advantage over the American squadron.
Macdonough carefully calculated his options. He felt obligated to protect American Brigadier General Alexander Macomb's army troops in south Plattsburgh from naval bombardment and the opening of a waterborne supply route to Prevost's forces. They had reached Plattsburgh on 6 September and were facing Macomb's outnumbered men across the Saranac River. Therefore, Macdonough could not withdraw to the protective narrow channel of the upper lake to the south. His squadron had too many inexperienced soldiers serving on board its vessels to risk an open-lake engagement against an enemy with more firepower. So he decided to anchor his squadron near the mouth of Plattsburgh Bay.
As a tactician, Macdonough effectively positioned his vessels to receive the enemy and forced that foe to attack him at anchor. He took every advantage he could of his battle position. He understood the necessity of preparing for every contingency and of having multiple tactical options available. As commodore, he effectively communicated his desires and objectives to his subordinates and inspired them with not only an effective battle plan but also the broader objective of supporting General Macomb and the national objective of repelling the British invaders. While his subordinates did not fully support him in the battle, they provided a greater degree of cooperation than did Perry's commanders, especially Jesse Elliott.
'Both Sides Fought with Ferocity'
For the Royal Navy's Confiance, carrying 27 24-pounder long guns as her principal armament, and the Linnet, with 16 12-pounder long guns, an engagement at long range was preferable. They might pummel the Saratoga and Eagle, armed principally with short-range carronades, forcing the Americans either to leave their anchorage or be pounded to death. However, Macdonough so positioned his squadron that when the British rounded Cumberland Head, the north-northeast wind they had used to sail up the lake was altered by the peninsula behind which the Americans anchored. The head's mass broke up the breeze, and it turned variable from west-northwest, right in British Commodore George Downie's face.
Macdonough's two years of service on Lake Champlain had determined his positioning, as he fully understood the impact of Cumberland Head on wind characteristics to any squadron attacking him. He perceived the necessity of deploying his ships to take advantage of his experience and knowledge. Downie, on the other hand, had just recently been sent to command the British squadron and had never sailed the lake before this cruise. On top of all that, the Royal Navy officer had a distain for the U.S. Navy and exhibited that most dangerous of all commander attributes—hubris. He would anchor the Confiance well within the range of the Saratoga's carronades.
The wind direction kept the square-sailed British ships from attacking in the formation Downie desired. He hoped to run by the Eagle before taking on the Saratoga, but the wind forced him to sail directly toward Macdonough's flagship. This subjected Downie's vessel to raking fire down the full length of her deck before he could anchor and unleash his first broadside. Early in the battle Downie lost his life, and still both sides fought with ferocity for over an hour and a half. Gradually the Saratoga's starboard guns were silenced, and to maintain his fire, Macdonough executed the dramatic move that determined the battle's outcome.
In his prebattle preparations, Macdonough had placed kedge anchors with hawsers at the four corners of the Saratoga. Now he had his tars haul the various hawsers to rotate the ship 180 degrees so that her port guns were able to fire a devastating broadside at the Confiance. She soon surrendered and was followed by all but 12 gunboats, which quickly fled the scene. The victory deprived Prevost of a secure supply route for his army, and he quickly withdrew to Canada. The British attempt to secure an outpost on Lake Champlain had failed.
The True Savior of the Old Northwest?
Strategically, one can never fully assess the proportion Macdonough's victory had in the final diplomatic equation. It occurred concurrently with the repulse of the British at Baltimore, the defeat of a Redcoat assault on American-held Fort Erie on the Canadian side of the Niagara River, and the inability of either side to maintain naval dominance of Lake Ontario. There is no doubt that the situation Macdonough helped to create caused the Duke of Wellington to recommend to the British Cabinet that it reject its uti possidetis demands and accept the status quo antebellum. Thus one could argue that Macdonough did more in a strategic sense to allow the United States to reassert its claim to the upper portion of the Old Northwest than did Perry.
From a counterfactual point of view, one wonders what would have happened to the American union if Macdonough had lost. Would the Hartford Convention, with its threatened New England secession, have sought the disunion remedy? On the other hand, it was fortunate for the British that they concluded peace when they did, for had the negotiations been delayed until after news of Major General Andrew Jackson's victory at New Orleans arrived in Europe, the Americans might have renewed their quest for territorial concessions and expanded neutral rights on the seas.
Why, one might ask, are Macdonough's achievements so lost to most students of American history? The first reason is timing. The Lake Champlain battle comes almost simultaneous with the British burning of Washington, the repulse of the British combined-arms assault on Baltimore, and the successful defense of Fort Erie. Too much was happening at the same time, and Macdonough's achievement is lost in the good and bad news from various fronts. A second reason involves drama—or rather the lack of it. Certainly Macdonough achieved a naval victory the equivalent of or greater than Perry's triumph, but he did not dramatically transfer his flag from one vessel to another, and he did not coin a pithy phrase that was easily memorized by generations to follow. The movement from the Lawrence to the Niagara is easily illustrated, while the winding of a vessel 180 degrees is both hard to explain and most difficult to represent visually.
Two Commanders Compared
In conclusion, Macdonough's victory on Lake Champlain was more important tactically, strategically, and diplomatically than Perry's. This is also the view of a number of persons who examined the conflict over the years. But I must admit that Macdonough's reputation continues in relative obscurity when compared with such naval contemporaries as Edward Preble, Stephen Decatur, and Oliver Hazard Perry.
In his History of the Navy of the United States of America, James Fenimore Cooper wrote in 1839: "In the navy, which is better qualified to enter into just estimates of force, and all the other circumstances than enhance the merits of nautical exploits, the battle of Plattsburgh Bay is justly ranked among the very highest of its claims to glory." Four decades later Theodore Roosevelt in The Naval War of 1812 proclaimed: "Captain Perry showed indomitable pluck, and readiness to adapt himself to circumstances; but his claim to fame rests much less on his actual victory than on the way in which he prepared the fleet that was to win it." Thus Perry's greatness was as the builder of a fleet, not as its commander. On the other hand, Roosevelt praised Macdonough's "skill, seamanship, quick eye, readiness of resource, and indomitable pluck," which made him "the greatest figure in our naval history" before the Civil War.10
In the 20th century there has been a continued chorus of compliments among naval history specialists on Macdonough's behalf. Alfred Thayer Mahan concluded that Macdonough's victory "more nearly than any other incident of the War of 1812, merits the epithet 'decisive.'" In his Oxford History of the American People, Samuel Eliot Morison concurred, also describing the naval battle of Plattsburgh as "decisive." Ohio State Professor Harry Coles concluded that the triumph at Plattsburgh was "to the War of 1812 what Saratoga was to the American Revolution. In both cases a major attempt at invasion was foiled and a change in diplomacy resulted." And naval architect and historian Bill Dunne called the winding of the Saratoga "one of the great exploits of naval history." British scholar Jeremy Black credits Macdonough's triumph to "excellent American seamanship, good command decisions, and the strength of the short-range American carronades." In a recent book Troy Bickham writes: "the battle effectively signaled the end of the war for Britain."11
Finally, in a recent popular history of the War of 1812, Walter Borneman writes: "Perhaps Thomas Macdonough should have come up with a catchier victory report of his own. And perhaps history has indeed given Macdonough short shrift."12 And let's face it, a banner proclaiming "Don't Give Up the Ship" has much more dramatic appeal down through the years than Macdonough's signal to his squadron just before the battle began: "Impressed seamen call on every man to do his duty."
This is not to denigrate Oliver Hazard Perry's achievement; it was considerable and deserves great praise as the first squadron victory of the U.S. Navy. It was an engagement that Perry should have won because he so skillfully created a stronger fleet than the British could create on Lake Erie. But one needs to contrast Lake Erie's tactical conduct and strategic consequences with those of Thomas Macdonough and his gallant officers and seamen on that fateful 11th of September 1814. If Perry is to be labeled the "Savior of the Old Northwest," then Macdonough was not merely the "Savior of the Old Northeast," but also a major contributor to the favorable diplomatic termination of the conflict. Consequently, the Battle of Lake Champlain deserves far more attention and credit than it has been given in the popular history of the United States. During the bicentennial of the War of 1812, the acknowledgement of Macdonough's achievement will hopefully receive its due.
1. George Bancroft, History of the Battle of Lake Erie, and Miscellaneous Papers (New York: Robert Bonner's Sons, 1891), 141, 187, 188, 189.
2. Henry Adams, The War of 1812, H. A. De Weerd, ed. (Washington, DC, 1944), 69. John K. Mahon, "Oliver Hazard Perry: Savior of the Northwest," in James C. Bradford, ed., Quarterdeck and Bridge: Two Centuries of American Naval Leaders (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1997), 67. Craig L. Symonds, Decision at Sea: Five Naval Battles That Shaped American History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 79.
3. W. A. B. Douglas, "The Honor of the Flag Had Not Suffered: Robert Heriot Barclay and the Battle of Lake Erie," in W. Jeffrey Welsh and David Curtis Skaggs, eds., War on the Great Lakes: Essays in Honor of the 175th Anniversary of the Battle of Lake Erie (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1991), 35.
4. Tyrone G. Martin, "The Constitution Connection," Journal of Erie Studies 17 (fall 1988), 39–46.
5. Frederick C. Drake, "Artillery and Its Influence on Naval Tactics: Reflections on the Battle of Lake Erie," in Welsh and Skaggs, eds., War on the Great Lakes, 29.
6. For the Battle of Lake Erie, see David Curtis Skaggs and Gerard T. Altoff, A Signal Victory: The Lake Erie Campaign, 1812–1813 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1997) and David Curtis Skaggs, Oliver Hazard Perry: Honor, Courage, and Patriotism in the Early U.S. Navy (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2006).
7. For a brief summary of the war in the upper Midwest, see Barry Gough, Fighting Sail on Lake Huron and Georgian Bay (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2002), 1–136.
8. Bathurst to Prevost, 3 June 1814, reprinted in J. Mackay Hitsman, The Incredible War of 1812 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965), 249–51.
9. For the Battle of Lake Champlain, see W. M. P. Dunne, "The Battle of Lake Champlain," in Jack Sweetman, ed., Great American Naval Battles (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1998), 85-106; and David Curtis Skaggs, Thomas Macdonough: Master of Command in the Early U.S. Navy (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003).
10. James Fenimore Cooper, History of the Navy of the United States (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2001 reprint), 417. Theodore Roosevelt, The Naval War of 1812 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1987 reprint), 254, 356.
11. Alfred T. Mahan, Sea Power in its Relation to the War of 1812 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1904), vol. 2, 381. Harry L. Coles, The War of 1812 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965), 171. Samuel Eliot Morison, The Oxford History of the American People (New York: Oxford University Press, 1965), 392. Dunne, "Battle of Lake Champlain," 103. Jeremy Black, The War of 1812 in the Age of Napoleon (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2009), 161. Troy Bickham, The Weight of Vengeance: The United States, the British Empire and the War of 1812 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 169.
12. Walter R. Borneman, 1812: The War that Forged a Nation (New York: Harper Collins, 2004), 225.


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The Unwired network has shut down as of 28 February 2013. As a result, former customers are no longer able to use their Unwired service. All uMail mailboxes have been shut down, except those belonging to customers who have migrated to and maintained a Vividwireless service and continue to use the mailbox at least once every 3 months.
If you haven't used your uMail mailbox for 3 consecutive months, then we will consider it inactive and close your uMail mailbox(s). We will send you a notification email, one month before the scheduled closure of your Unwired uMail.


text: Using Ispconfig version 188.8.131.52 with Centos. I have stumbled into a problematic case: A site needed SSL, so I ordered the certificate (rapid ssl) using the CSR in the site's panel. I assigned an IP ...250 (unused) instead of the "*" and inserted the certificate and bundle. Suddenly the site showed the "welcome"-page instead of the real deal. I changed the ip back to "*" instead of the new ip. Every time I selected the ip ....250 the site shows the wrong page, and luckily it helps selecting the "*" back. I tried to select another ip ...249 and then the site worked until I entered the certificate. After that the "welcome" page appeared instead. The https:// just reports self signed certificate instead of the installed one. I have checked the ssl-box and read the instructions, but am I doing something wrong? An earlier installed certificate is working for another site and ip on the system. ... And as always, thank you developers for the exceptional ISPconfig, it has been good to me during 6 or so years of use.


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If you're looking for an awesome self balancing unicycle you've come to a right place. We're sure we will help you to find the best possible model out there.
So what exactly is a self balancing unicycle? It is an electric vehicle that uses advanced sensors to assist a person with balancing on a single wheel. This is possible thanks to mathematical calculations based on data from the on-board gyroscopes. The vehicle's processor makes hundreds corrections per second to the motor speed and power to keep you in balance. The rider can control the unicycle by leaning forward or backward. This way you can easily go forward, go backward, accelerate, decelerate and even stop and stay in that position.
The unicycles became extremely popular during last few months and are used not only as a trendy cool gadget but also as a transportation vehicle. It is a very convenient way to get to your work, school etc. It is light enough to carry it with you practically anywhere.
The average unicycle can speed up to around 18km/h and has a practical range of about 20km per charge. But there are models you can ride even at the speed of 40km/h and with the more powerful battery you can increase the range. The maximum load of almost all vehicles is around 120kg so if your weight is lower than this you can be sure that whatever you purchase it will be able to support you. If you are a beginner you can always buy a unicycle with a training wheels. It will be much more easier to learn that way.
So now you're ready to choose from the many different models described here. Hope this website will be more than helpful to you.


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LINCOLN, Neb.—Sophomore Hulerie McGuffie (Lynn, Mass.) took a huge step towards becoming the first back-to-back All-American in UMass Boston women's track and field since the late 1980's, by setting a new personal best and a new program record Friday afternoon on Day One of the Division III Indoor Track & Field Championships.
McGuffie dominated the field in the 400-meter dash en-rout to the best time of the day and a new personal-best. The sophomore who earned All-American honors in the 400 in last year's Outdoor Track and Field Championship, finished with a time of 55.36 seconds, a full .75 seconds faster than her previous career-best time. Her career-best time was good enough to place her ahead of 2013 400-meter Outdoor Champion Ashante Little (55.51), who came in to the meet with the best qualifying time (54.82).
McGuffie also competed in the 200-meter dash, posting a new program-record with a time of 25.16 seconds. The time wasn't good enough for her to earn a spot in Saturday's finals, as she finished in 14th out of 17th competitors, but she missed the finals by just .17 seconds.
She will look to earn All-American honors and potentially her first national championship Saturday afternoon at 3:45 p.m. Eastern, when the women's 400-meter dash begins. Nebraska Wesleyan University and the NCAA will provide live stats and a live video feed of the race.


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2 ounces feta cheese, crumbled ( you may use blue cheese if u like)
3 tablespoons grated Parmesan cheese
And these look gorgeous when served. Believe it or not a dish that looks good is more likely to be eaten. Even picky kids will eat food if it looks appealing and properly arranged and these are very easy to make and are beautiful on an appetizer tray.
Stay tuned for more of my temptations!


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The majority of people who only take occasional photographs like the ones of family events, tend to leave their Digital Single Lens Reflex cameras on the default or automatic settings. If someone taught you how to use the manual settings to make cool photo effects would you then use the manual settings? If you left the shutter of your camera open for longer than normal and you were taking a picture of a moving cars' tail lights, the picture you would end up with would have long red streaks of light. Which you may have done before but this time you knew why it happened and that you did it on purpose just to see what it looks like. Here is a major bonus, you don't need a really expensive DSLR to make cool photo effects only one you can operate manually.
Having the imagination is of more benefit then having the best gear, as long as it's a DSLR camera you're good. Once someone shows you a certain thing on your camera you will be able to apply that knowledge to any photographs you take. Like with any skill once you get the fundamentals down pat, your imagination is your only limitation. Going back to the shutter speed, picture this, a moving swing with coloured lights and a shutter open longer than normal, I think that would look really awesome.
Or taking a picture of an object and then while the shutter is open you move a light, (like a flashlight) in a pattern, photographing the light trails, it's called light painting, now that is a cool photo effect. Going with digital photography has the added benefit of not having expensive processing fees, so if you aren't happy with something you delete it.
Another thing that you can do with the manual settings on your camera is HDR photography, another cool photo effect. You would use this technique to gain more detail than is possible with only one photo. Put your camera on a tripod and take 3 photo's of the same space, at normal exposure, under exposed and over exposed to get the shadowed detail, and then you can use software to meld the images together creating a high dynamic range photograph with so much detail in the fore and back grounds and with definition that just pops.
You can use your camera to make cool photo effects such as 3D images. Your camera is capable of creating perspective illusions and even infra red to change the colour of typical photos making them look surreal. Your friends and family will be totally amazed and will want to know when you had the time to take a professional photography course.
There are many photo artists who use these cool photo effects in their art and you can learn to do this as well.


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JoshB and GazBot discuss the latest news and reviews! Plus we unveil the overhauled opening graphics, courtesy of Jmann!
|2015-06-08 10:38
SEASON 2 BETA EPISODE 1 - Welcome Back
THE COLLECTIONDX SHOW IS BACK. Kind of. Join JoshB, Chachipower, and GazBot as they discuss the latest news and reviews!
|2016-01-25 12:21
Episode 127 - Super Sentai Slip Ups
JoshB and Chachipower talk about this week's news and reviews!
|2014-12-07 18:26
Episode 126 - Beast Kings, Museums, and the Italian Mighty Orbots.
JoshB and Phil Reed talk about this week's news and reviews!
|2014-11-16 22:20
Episode 125 - NYCC, Voltron, and Brandy
JoshB and Chachipower dish on NYCC and this week's news and reviews!
|2014-10-18 22:19
Episode 124 - Not Quite Power Rangers
JoshB and Ben Leach talk about the latest News and Reviews, along with a discussion of American toylines you may not have realized were Japanese!
|2014-10-04 15:25
Episode 123 - Mighty Moe Maelstrom
JoshB and VZMK2 discuss this week's news and reviews, along with a hearty discussion of moe!
|2014-09-20 16:19
Episode 122 - Cheaper than a DeLorean
Phil Reed joins JoshB as they talk about this week's news and reviews!
|2014-09-07 16:40
Episode 121 - Literally Fondling Rock Lords
JoshB and guest Michael Bucci talk about the latest News and Reviews!
|2014-08-24 15:27
Episode 120 - 8-Bit Everything
JoshB and special guest David White talk about the latest News and Reviews!
|2014-07-27 20:00
Episode 119 - Love for Big Ol' Broly
Josh Reed and Luis Contreras sit in for JoshB and talk about this week's news and reviews!
|2014-07-11 18:25
Episode 118 - Them's There's a Gundams
Josh and special guest David Lockwood talk about this week's news and reviews!
|2014-06-27 14:25
Episode 117 - Doing it wrong for years
Josh and Andrew shed some light on this week's news and reviews!
|2014-06-13 17:10
Episode 116 - Flying Solo (and a half)
Josh is all by his lonesome (sort of) as a new era for the show begins.
|2014-06-03 12:46
Episode 115 - RoboJosh
The weekly recap of the news and reviews as posted to CollectionDX.com with Josh and Adam.
|2014-06-02 07:07
Episode 114 - Lightsabers
Josh is back from London and we catch up on all the Star Wars news, compare lightsabers and do the usual news and reviews roundup from the site.
|2014-06-02 07:10
Episode 113 - The Original Furry Cosplayer
It's a heavily nostalgia driven show today with Josh and Adam.
|2014-06-02 07:12
Episode 112 - Really, really, really, really loves it
Your weekly gathering of the toy nerds begins now, this time tech issue free!
|2014-06-02 07:14
Episode 111 - Echo
Josh and Adam talk the week in toys and collectibles. This time with 200% more echo!
|2014-06-02 07:15
Episode 110 - Trim Spanser the Tank Transer
The toy news round-up for the week with Josh and Adam. NOTE: Show was only recorded in Standard Def due to an issue in the switching software. We will be back to proper HD next week!
|2014-05-01 13:46
Episode 109 - Space Crab
The weekly gathering of the toy geeks with Josh and Adam.
|2014-05-01 13:44
Episode 108 - Josh-Con
It's the weekly convening of the toy geeks with Josh & Adam.
|2014-05-01 13:43
Episode 107 - Cluster-Oh
This week Josh and Adam get together for the usual news and reviews.
|2014-03-18 14:01
Episode 106 - Chat room is drunk
It is your weekly dose of all that's cool in the world of Japanese robots, sci-fi toys and action figures with Josh and Adam. We get the chat room completely drunk and as usual your feedback.
|2014-03-03 10:59
Episode 105 - I wanna be a Power Ranger Villain
Josh and Adam go over the ToyFair 2014 news.
|2014-02-24 17:16
Episode 104 - Won't you be our Patron?
This week we launch our Patreon page to support the growth of the show Then we do the usual news and reviews for the week.
|2014-02-17 15:31
Episode 103 Side B - Wonder Festival 2014
In this bonus episode Josh and Adam covers the latest news from Wonder Festival 2014.
|2014-02-13 17:26
Episode 103 - Chrome!
Josh is back and we talk the First Edition Optimus Prime, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Trading Figures, S.H. MonsterArts Big Chap Alien, Dynamite Action Daikengo, the first Patlabor movie trailer, Black Getter, Godzilla 2000, Mazinkaiser and Compatible Kaiser.
|2014-02-10 21:04
Episode 102 - Get your stabbin' knife
This week Justin Robert Young sits in for an absent Josh and we talk Super Mario, the return of TakaraTomy ARTS line, an Ashley Wood redesigned Iron Man, a Nendoroid Spider-Man, a dual mode Optimus Prime, Stax, Sir Trollahad and the Sentinel release of the Powered Suit from Starship Troopers.
|2014-02-01 17:09
Episode 101 - May have a sonic problem
This week it's ThreeZero Robocop 1.0, Zone Fighter, S.H. MonsterArts Battra and Mothra Larva Form Set, DX Chogokin YF-29 Durandal Ozma Type, Legendary Megazord, OZ-06MS Leo (Flight Unit Type), Kamen Rider Gaim Orange Arms and Valvrave VI Hiasobi.
|2014-01-27 17:23
Episode 100 - Prince, stripclubs & the Illuminati
This week we celebrate our 100th episode! We do our usual news and reviews and then in our Blind Boxed segment we take live calls from the viewers! Shenanigans ensue.
|2014-01-20 19:23
Episode 99 - Like a magic trick G.I.Joe
This week it's Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, the ugliest Star Trek action figures you will ever see, an 18 inch tall Gypsy Danger, Inhumanoids and Visonaries.
|2014-01-13 15:36
Episode 98 - All sold out
Happy New Year! This week we chat about Space Giants (aka Ambassador Magma), an actual Danboard robot, an super cute Tetsuijin 28 FX, Striker Eureka, RIO:bone Tripod, Masterpiece Smokescreen and the return of Roboforce, kind of.
|2014-01-06 17:11
Episode 97 - I've got new kidneys
Hope you had a great Holiday! It's the usual round-up of news and reviews for CollectionDX.com for the week ending 12/27/2013. In Blind Boxed we get into a spoiler filled chat about the "Time of the Doctor."
|2013-12-30 15:42
Episode 96 - Finally
After a short hiatus we are back at it! THis week we talk Dynamite Action GK Reideen Resin Kit, ThreeZero Mazinger Z, Figma Levi, Alien ReAction Figures, Noisy Boy, Battle Damaged Gipsy Danger, Biollante and a bootleg calling itself Gaiking.
|2013-12-24 18:37
Episode 95- All Getter'd out
This week we talk Big Dai X, Dino Getter Robo, Bio-Mechanical Ordnance Gestalts, Ggrapptikk, OMFG! Series 3, more Doctor Who geekiness and Josh rants about YouTube changes.
|2013-11-18 19:08
Episode 94 - We're good for it
It's your weekly convening of the geeks for the week ending 11/7/2013. We talk a whole bunch of Bandai Tamashii in news. In reviews we have got Attack on Titan, Super Akiba Red and some Hot Toys Thor and Loki.
|2013-11-11 17:40
Episode 93 - Baby cows, gundam models & broken tractor parts
This week we are joined by Rob Braun, CDX's longest running contributor and Gunpla expert.
|2013-11-06 16:16
Episode 92 - MOTU on peyote
Josh and Adam do the weekly round up of news and reviews as posted to CollectionDX.com. Yes we are aware of the audio issue with Josh the last 15 mins of the show. Fixed it as best we could it will be better next week.
|2013-10-28 23:12
Episode 91 - You're motorin'
This week we beat two topics to death; New York Comic Con 2013 and Josh's review of the all-new Vehicle Voltron. Enjoy!
|2013-10-22 16:18
Episode 90 - If the apocalypse comes tomorrow
This week we talk a K-9 Talking Plush, a new Dougram Model Kit, Danguard A, a new and affordable US released Mechagodzilla vinyl and the Lensman Britannia II.
|2013-10-14 14:41
Episode 89 - Whole lotta Raideen
This week we talk about western properties coming out in the S.H. Monsterarts line, more of Josh's Raideen obsession, the Patlabor TV series, Power Lords and the first die-cast release from SEN-TI-NEL CO,.LTD, the Blodia.
|2013-10-14 14:40
Episode 88 - If it bleeds, we can kill it
Josh and Adam reconvene to discuss the latest news and reviews as posted to CollectionDX.com. This week's highlights include a life-size Kenner Stormtrooper, Dynamite Action New Getter 1, Shocker Combatman, Blocker IV Boss Palder, Jungle Extraction Dutch and Masterpiece Soundwave.
|2013-09-25 17:37
Episode 87 - Raging Lightning Storm
This week we are joined by Poe Ghostal to talk about about this weeks Super Review Wars DX.
|2013-09-19 15:50
Episode 86 - Rocky Mountain High
Back at this week, Josh and Adam talk the latest news and reviews as posted to the site.
|2013-09-19 15:49
Episode 85 - Throwing Hail Mary's
We are still in recovery mode from the East Coast Chogokin Summit but still manage to get a show out this week for you!
|2013-09-05 17:39
Episode 84 - The apologists come out
Josh is back from camping, Adam get a new day-job, we talk about toy-collecting apologists, take a sneak peek at Transformers 4 and of course we talk the latest news and reviews as posted to the site.
|2013-08-26 15:44


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So after a six month hiatus where I spent very little time experimenting with my sales, I got back on the horse and started playing around with KDP Select.
Some folks may remember last year, when a KDP free period for my ebook The List lead to me earning $100,000 in six weeks on Amazon.
I haven't been able to replicate that experience, but I have been pleased with the numbers I've gotten in the last few weeks due to KDPS.
In January, I made The List free for a five day period. Prior to that, it was ranked around #10,000. When I did the promotion, I managed to hit the Top 10 in Free, and gave away over 35,000 ebooks.
Since coming off the free promo, The List has sold 623 copies at $3.99, and had 742 borrows (I assume at $1.80). So it has made over $3,000 in 12 days, or about $250 a day. It is currently ranked at #1974, and is #39 in the Top 100 Police Procedural category.
I'm happy with this. After hearing lots of writers moaning about how KDP Select is no longer working, I'd argue it worked pretty well for me. A title that was off the bestseller lists is now on several of them, and selling steadily. While $3k isn't $100k, I've still paid my mortgage, health insurance, and several utilities in twelve days with only one title. Who could complain about that?
Emboldened by this modest success, I put another title in KDP Select, Afraid.
Afraid was ranked around #9000 before I began. I gave away about 16,000 copies, and have sold about 400 copies since it came off its promo. It is currently ranked around #7000.
I don't know why Afraid didn't do as well as The List, but I don't think the free period was a failure. The numbers after the free period more than made up for the five days it wasn't for sale, and it did improve my ranking and get me on the Occult Top 100, where it remains. It wasn't on a bestseller list prior to the giveaway. And of course, there is an intangible benefit to potentially gaining new readers via freebies who become fans and later buy my work. But this is impossible to measure.
Then I tried another title, under one of my pen names that I haven't copped to publicly. I gave away over 20,000 ebooks, and since January have made over $17,000.
This amuses me on several levels.
First, it puts an end to the nonsense that "Konrath sells because he's a name author and known" because this pen name is unknown to everyone.
Second, I don't consider this title one of my better works, but consumers talk with their wallets and apparently I'm not a very good judge of which of my books are worthy and which aren't.
Third, Holy Shit I Made $17k In A Few Weeks!
When I got my Jack Daniels titles back earlier this month, I put Bloody Mary up for a five day free period, ending yesterday. It hit #2 on the Top 100 Free list, and I gave away 42,000 copies. Currently is is ranked #693, and I've sold 150 copies and loaned 70 in a 15 hour period. So Bloody Mary is currently earning me $35 an hour.
One of the things I've always believed is that a rising tide raises all boats, and it is nice to see that confirmed by Bloody Mary. It's the second in the Jack Daniels series. While it was free, it buoyed the sales of the first in the series, Whiskey Sour, to the tune of 450 sales and 100 loans.
Whiskey Sour, which went live on Feb 4 and didn't get fully integrated into Amazon's website until the Feb 11, has earned me $1400 in nine days. It is currently ranked at #850.
Whiskey Sour, Bloody Mary, and the third in the series, Rusty Nail, are all on the Top 100 Police Procedural bestseller list, hanging there with The List. They're also on a few other bestseller lists.
As we all know, the more bestseller lists your title is on, the more exposure it receives, which results in more sales.
I also tried KDPS with my horror novel Endurance. It was ranked about #11,000. It is now at #1808 and on several bestseller lists after giving away 12,000 ebooks. It came off promo on Feb 11, and has sold about 60 copies since then. Not huge, but 30 a day at $2.70 profit per sale is $81 a day, and I can live with that.
Why is Endurance ranked better than Afraid when Afraid had more giveaways? I have no idea. Afraid seems to be selling a bit better than Endurance overall, but they are 4000 apart in ranking. If I had to guess, Afraid somehow missed getting the bounceback from the freebie period that my other titles got. For the uninitiated, the "bounceback" is the phenomenon that sometimes occurs when an ebook does well on the freebie bestseller lists, and when it is once again for sale it bounces over to the paid bestseller lists, usually lower down.
Sometimes bounceback works. Sometimes it doesn't. I don't know why.
But I do know that it was worthwhile pulling my ebooks from the other platforms to play around with KDPS, because I seem to be improving my sales and borrows by doing so.
I don't like the fact that Amazon demands ebooks in KDPS be exclusive. I think customers, and authors, would be better off if Amazon allowed KDPS ebooks to be nonexclusive. It would mean more ebooks in KDPS program, which is good for Amazon customers. It would also mean authors could earn more money, freeing up their time to write more books.
That said, having playing around with KDPS for the last five weeks, I've increased my Amazon sales by at least 50%, possibly more.
I'm also pleased at how my Jack Daniels books are doing, now that they are under my control. I released two trilogy compilations at $9.99, which have sold 184 copies. The six novels have had 1073 sales at $3.99 ($2.70 profit each) and 208 loans ($1.80 each).
So my Jack books have earned me $4500 in nine days, or $500 a day. And I believe they are just getting started.
The KDPS freebie bounceback still works, though not always, and not as effectively as it once did. I see a general pattern of: the more ebooks you giveaway, the more you sell when the giveaway has ended. But there are some instances where not a lot of giveaways helps boost sales tremendously, and some cases of lots of giveaways only resulting in a minor sales and ranking boost.
The goal, of course, is to keep experimenting. I know that experimenting is annoying when results can't be explained or repeated. But if you have a lot of titles, KDPS is certainly something you should play around with.
Of course, your mileage may vary. A lot. I now have over fifty titles, so taking a few off other platforms to experiment with KDPS doesn't hurt me much. I'm not going to go all in on KDPS because I don't like the exclusivity aspect. As a result, the majority of my ebooks are available on all platforms, and eventually I will get my Jack Daniels ebooks on Kobo and B&N and Sony and Apple and Smashwords. I don't like to exclude fans because they chose a different ereading device. I also personally know authors who have made a ton of money with these other etailers, and I did very well on Kobo in December. So I'll be back.
In my previous post, I tried to drive home the point that this is a business. You are the CEO of your own company, and your IPs are your assets. One of my goals is to maximize the profits these assets can generate. This is impossible to do by remaining static with your sales strategy. Besides utilizing all platforms and playing with KDPS, you can also be playing with prices (lowering and raising), playing with bundling (my Jack Daniels and Jack Kilborn three packs are doing well, and I'm about to release a dual ebook of Whiskey Sour and Desert Places with my frequent partner in crime Blake Crouch), playing with singles (if you have a short story collection, break that up into individual stories for 99 cents each), translating into other languages, selling foreign and audio rights, and selling to Amazon Publishing.
I like Amazon Publishing a lot. They keep raising the bar and getting smarter, and I like releasing a book or two annually with them because they can really promote a title and sell a ton of copies. Right now, A-Pub has five of my titles (Shaken, Stirred, Flee, Spree, Three) and I'd be willing to do more with them. One of the wonderful things about working with Amazon Publishing is how author-friendly they are. They're a joy to work with, and they actually listen. It's like having an equal business partner. I feel like I have some control there, and that puts me at ease.
That said, I'm a prolific writer and I can put out several books per year. I also like having complete control over my assets. A diverse portfolio is wise. Putting all your eggs in one basket is asking for trouble.
Control is something I don't talk about enough on this blog. After a decade of having very little control over my IPs, I now can run things they way I see fit. Not only will this earn me more money, but it has the wonderful side-effect of freeing my from all of my stress. I'm in the lucky position of having no one able to make me unhappy.
I got into this business in 2002. Now, for the first time, I'm master of my own destiny, captain of my own ship. The freedom to make my own decisions is, in many ways, more important to me than money.
As always, when you run your business, you need to set your own attainable goals. "Attainable" means they are within your power. Anything that requires the "yes" or "no" from someone else isn't a goal, it's a dream.
Finishing my next book by the end of March and getting it live is a goal.
Selling my series to Hollywood is a dream.
I have no dreams. Zero. I'm much happier being in control of my career, and having attainable goals. If money magically appeared at my doorstep in the form of a big deal, taking it would be contingent upon how little I had to be involved. I've played the game where someone else has power over me, and I didn't like it. I won't ever put myself in that position again.
As a self-published author, your freedom to make your own choices is an incomparable strength. Use that freedom to try different things, and learn from your failures and successes. A company is only as good as its CEO.
Be a good CEO.
Wednesday, February 13, 2013
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Professor Griff On Illuminati! (Thinks They Killed MJ, Says Diddy Is The Cause Of Skinny Jeans & Claims They Burned His House Down To Silence Him) + On Ice-T "Don't Apologize To Soulja Boy's Punk Azz. Give That Nicca An Ass Woopen"
Professor Griff Interview hosted by Donnie Peoples of DeadBolt TV and recorded by Kings Of Media.
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Lofty Expectations Turned Into Loft-Like Basement Renovation and Home Office
Name: Bruce Wentworth, AIA of Wentworth, Inc.
Location: Maryland
I ran into this showcase basement home office and entertainment renovation project today in a roundabout manner, first discovering an unlinked image over at Pinterest, then over at Chinese decor blog Wanjuhe.com, and then finally at its source over at Houzz. It was worth the image source goose chase, as the project revealed one of the most beautifully executed renovated basements with a perfect small space custom desk (look at the tiny corner shelf hiding underneath the left side!)...
Bruce Wentworth, AIA describes the project:
A family of two young children, living in a 1920s row house, requested a playroom for their kids. There is a TV, play, desk areas along with a laundry closet. The loft-like design with open floor joists allows a sense of additional height. And the wood strips that horizontally clad interior columns integrated with a bulkhead that conceals a beam, ducts, pipes and wires, is the most interesting feature.
Tech and Office Hardware:
- Furniture from Design Within Reach
- The desk was custom made with a birch veneer plywood
- All paint by Benjamin Moore
- Herman Miller Leaf Personal LED Task Light by Yves Behar
- Herman Miller Aeron task chair
- Apple MacBook
(Images: Bruce Wentworth of Wentworth, Inc. via Houzz)
Got a desktop or home office space balancing home technology with home decor? Apartment Therapy would love to share your space as inspiration. Contact us via The Home Tech Submissions Form


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TISKILWA — Putting shots on net is never a bad play no matter where you are on the pitch as the Princeton Tigresses found out as they squeaked out a 1-0 victory over Hinckley-Big Rock Thursday night.
With 10 minutes remaining in the game a Princeton midfielder came up with the ball amidst a clustered group of players and launched a shot from distance.
The shot short hopped the Lady Royals goalkeeper, who had trouble corralling it, when it squirted out to her left and senior midfielder Michelle Kelly came streaking in and slammed home a sliding kick for the only goal of the game and the game-winner.
"The keeper dropped a few balls when we had shots on goal early so we were kind of waiting and hoping for something like that to happen," Princeton coach Ed Young said. "She (Michelle Kelly) is hard nosed and determined, she's always getting after it. When you have the Keyenna Altizers and Michelle Kellys, work ethic things are going to bounce your way. You don't have to wait for it to happen because they kind of make it happen."
The Tigresses are 11-8-1 this year with 11 shutout wins and a shutout tie.
Altizer, a junior forward/midfielder, was instrumental in opening up the Tigress' offence, making crisp passes on the ball to spring her teammates free along the edges and through the heart of the Hinckley-Big Rock defense.
"Key is having a great year. We started her as a forward, made her a midfielder, moved her back up to forward and then we moved her back to mid tonight," Young said. "She's a work horse, she's always getting after, she never quits and she never comes out of the game.
"In the midfield she made things happen because she's working hard, and I think her experience up top and kind of understanding what they are looking for up top, she's able to see it and provide for her teammates."
For most of the game, the Lady Royals had the Tigresses back on their heals but only managed to get a few real chances on net because the defensive backs of Princeton were relentless in their pursuit of the opposition's attackers.
"When we have success our defense is playing strong, and we aren't allowing people to score goals," Young said. "Sometimes we give up more shots than we desire but they usually don't break and they're all playing strong, trusting each other more and playing better and better as the year has gone on."
Playing the long ball early lead to multiple counter attacks by Hinckley-Big Rock as it turned on the offensive pressure at the outset of the match.
"The first half we were forcing issues from the back and from the mid everywhere really, and we were just trying to push forward to much," Young said. "I think instead of trying to posses the ball and make the nice easy pass we tried to force some issues, and we got into a rut trying to force the ball, and we missed some easy opportunities to play a simple ball and relieve the pressure."
An early opportunity by the Lady Royals was shut down at the 10-minute mark of the first half by junior defensive back Ellie Bonucci, who stood firm in the goal box and defended point blank shots to preserve the 0-0 tie.
"Ellie has been stellar all year. She's been a huge cog in that center back position to mark up people, win balls and she does that because she asserts herself, and you need that from the center back position," Young said.
Although her defenders played solid in front of her, senior goalkeeper Kelly Schmidt made some excellent plays in the penalty area including a flurry of chances which came off of two corner set pieces by senior Royal midfielder Hannah Mueller with 36 minutes to play.
The second of the two found its way through the crowd to the foot of junior midfielder Jacqueline Madden, who slammed it towards the net but a diving Schmidt was there to end the threat.
The Lady Royals continued to play in the Princeton defensive zone but couldn't mount much of a threat for the remainder of the match.
Comment on this story at www.bcrnews.com.