text:
An environmentalist is faced with two primary objectives.
1. To husband the Earth, offering leadership, know-how, and wisdom (when you find it) in stewardship of the land and waters—including strong support for the laws and government agencies created to correct the environmental mistakes that mankind has made in a mere thousand years or two.
2. To encourage self-reliance and sturdy independence on the land—in pursuit of a life of natural virtue, using little and wasting nothing that can't be replaced. "Walk Softly on the Earth, Leaving Only Footprints."
These pursuits are normally perfectly compatible. But when they do come into conflict—say, if a homesteader's privy leaches into a mountain stream—MOTHER has invariably held that Earth comes first and individual interests come second (especially if other readers live downstream).
She'd demand that the privy be moved and its drainage field ditched deep and diverted to a drywell—and quick. Time was, she'd go along with a government agency or a private lawsuit demanding a clean-up as well—even if the reader's independence was threatened. We celebrated when DDT was banned and the Great Lakes cleanup started. And we cheered even louder when the peregrine falcon (its reproductive ability once severely threatened by DDT) came off the Endangered Species list and the banks of Cleveland's Cuyahoga River (that once caught fire from accumulated pollution) became a bathing beach once again.
But, as early as the late '80s, it was becoming increasingly apparent that some government environmental agencies were overstepping legitimate authority, and some of the Green non-profits and "public interest" groups were less interested in benefiting the environment than forcing an obsolete socialistic political agenda.
Reluctantly, we came to believe that simple lifestyle options—in housing, transportation, home food and energy production, home schooling, and even our Second Amendment rights to protect life and property—that made the good country life possible were slowly being curtailed by ever more specious, petty, or counterproductive regulations imposed by agencies she once encouraged...especially "one-size-fits-all" policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, and in particular its uniform nationwide standard for wood-burning stove emissions.
Nobody can argue with restrictions on wood fires (or any other gas or particulate generators) in the Los Angeles basin or Vail, Colorado, ski bowl, where atmospheric inversions trap auto exhaust and God knows what other effusions from too many post-Industrial Age humans crowding an ecosystem able to support a normal population of bears and blue jays and perhaps a few stone-age Native Americans.
But, with the wood heat fad that followed the OPEC oil crises of the '70s, these fragile environments were overloaded with the smoke from too many hobby woodstoves that were ineptly operated by folks more interested in being politically correct than staying warm. Wood smoke turned the normal smog a greasy creosote-brown that dyed hanging laundry and even ate holes in the siding of mountainside homes. Lord knows what it could do to the lungs of an ordinary mortal.
But, it bespeaks the death of common sense when the EPA ham-handedly imposed L.A./Vail-style restrictions on the rural 90 percent of North America where atmospheric inversions are unknown and where most wood smoke drifts away to biodegrade sweetly, just as it has done since the first lightning bolt started the first fire in a forest of tree ferns during the carboniferous period 345 million years ago. And, which it continues to do today— when natural fires in the West burn hundreds of thousand of acres of forest (thousands more trees than are cut for cord wood) each year...with no long-term effect on air quality. Many if not most of MOTHER'S readers who elect country living also choose to step off the money-chase and live poor by conventional standards. But those EPA restrictions offer them precious few choices in new-built woodstoves, choices that are too often tiny "hi-tecs" that can't heat a big room, clunky catalytics or mechanized pellet stoves costing $1,000 and up, or site-built firestoves costing $5,000!
Want to know EPA's solution for the poor? "[F]or those who cannot afford the initial costs of a new certified wood heater, this regulation does not restrict the sale of secondhand stoves. The secondhand stove market is a major source of inexpensive wood heating appliances." (EPA, 40 CFR Part 60: Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources; New Residential Wood Heaters; Final Rule. Federal Register, Part II, v.53, No.38, Friday, February 26, 1988 pgh. 3, col. 1., p. 5864.)
"Let 'em buy used." It reminds me of Marie Antoinette's response when told the Parisian poor couldn't buy bread: "Let them eat cake." Marie lost her head over that one...but the EPA unfortunately didn't. Instead they had the arrogance to prohibit country folks from making their own stoves out of old oil drums or whatever. Why? Because of "...sales that will be lost by manufacturers of wood heaters who have incurred the additional expense of [building "government" stoves]." The whole emissions program could therefore only be enjoyed by those manufacturers who could re-tool their entire stove line. The end result is that Government forced a particular market upon everyone. Probably not what the founding fathers intended.
The Dilemma
On learning this, MOTHER shifted on the wood-smoke debate—recalling her support from government and passing it totally to her readers. Not that she's less in favor of continued environmental protection. It's just that the environmental laws that you and I helped effect through our elected representatives are being implemented by a bunch of bureaucrats determined to run our country lives from the climate-controlled comfort of their offices in downtown, center-city Washington, D.C.—in pristine ignorance of the problems we face.
Incensed as we are at bureaucratic excesses, we fear most of all that excessive zeal of the "environmentalist police" that will turn public opinion against environmental protection itself—not just the few apparatchik who are proving the old adage, "power corrupts."
And, that's not her only conflict... she is also convinced that EPA is a major cause of the steady decline the wood heat industry has experienced since the '80s—years in which the market has suffered from increasingly sluggish sales A major initial cause, of course, was the fall in oil prices that followed the dissolution of the OPEC cartel. But, the enduring decline in stove sales is at least as attributable to the loss of vitality by an industry that is being smothered in its own restricted emissions.
No Joy
Wood heat quite simply isn't fun any more. If you were
around in the '70s— heyday of modern wood
heat—you'll remember the wonderful variety of
"airtight" stoves we had to choose from:
potbellies, parlor heaters, laundry stoves, 6-Platers, Princess Kitchen Ranges, Franklin Fireplaces, and other domestic and Taiwanese reproductions of 18th and 19th century iron stoves. Plus elegant Morsos and Petit Godins and Jotuls and other European imports in vibrant Dansk enamel colors, and Fisher's family of Bears, Vermont Casting's Defiant and Vigilant, and the Woodsmen and Arctics, Downdrafters and Baseburners, and a thousand other models made by 400 firms in Canada and the U.S. of welded steel, soapstone, Russian tin, and cast iron.
Sure, they smoked if operated in air-starved mode. And too many were installed ineptly and dangerously. And too many flues and stovepipes went uncleaned for so long they leaked and dripped creosote all over the floor, and posed real fire hazards. But we've learned to handle wood fires in 25 years, and it would be good to offer new woodburners some reason to accept the challenge of staying warm through the hard labor of their own hands. Now, the EPA offers them only two choices in a new-built, efficient log burner: a generally undersized, expensive "hi-tec" or an oversized and equally expensive catalytic stove. External ornamentation aside, "government stoves" are all the same: too often lacking fire and joy.
No wonder the industry is faltering. You can count the
successful stove makers on the fingers of one hand (check
the ads in MOTHER or any other magazine). And those that
are staying afloat do so only by selling more and more
fossil-fuel alternative stoves such as the gas-log models.
And who can blame them? They can only sell what the EPA
certifies. And in so choking the market with regulations,
the EPA is
choking wood heat in America.
We might be tempted to welcome this development. It means that wood heat has come back home to the country where it belongs—even if we do have to chisel a new set of fire bricks to reline the old Klondike so she'll keep on pumping out heat for another generation. Cordwood will be less in demand, thus cheaper—and a supply of well-dried hardwood will be a whole lot easier to find if the home-cut runs short in February.
But, it hoists us onto another dilemma. What may be good for the country-living, wood-heating readers is not good for a planet where more wars have been waged over energy resources than anything else but the name of God. Hydro and wind and solar power are promising and nuclear fusion may become a reality...someday. But here and now—today in North America— wood is plentiful and is our only really practical self-renewing heating fuel. Its responsible use should be encouraged.
But, durned if it isn't government and their wood-stove emissions-controls that are killing the very industry they were supposed to give a new breath of life.
Newt to the Rescue?
How's that old Chinese curse go..."May you live to see all your dreams fulfilled"? Well, we wanted some deregulation and apparently we've gotten it. Newt Gingrich and the new gang in Congress were elected by voters fed up with an overgrown government misusing war powers in an era when the big wars have all been won—and especially furious at the excesses of EPA and friends. A promising development. But soon they began comparing EPA tactics to Nazi Brownshirts, vowing to gut the agency—and worse—to pull so many teeth from the Clean Air, Clean Water, and Endangered Species Acts that we'd undo in the stroke of a pen what it took 20 years to accomplish. The baby was all set to be tossed out with the bathwater, and we watched each Washington reform summit with hand-wringing anticipation.
Fortunately, the new crowd's first attempts at drastic environmental reform have been rejected—and rejected with an alacrity and firmness that is truly encouraging. On July 29, 1995, in a repudiation of powerful timber interests, the Supreme Court reversed an earlier Federal Appeals Court ruling and effectively broadened the Endangered Species Act of 1973 to protect not just Mother's critters but their habitat as well—a clear and long-needed victory for environmental common sense (the Apache trout just came off the endangered list—but it wont stay off long without pristine mountain streams to live in.). And on July 28, the House narrowly defeated an attempt by its Young Turks to employ the "politics-as-usual" methods they got elected to curtail and heap 17 special-interest-lobbied EPA-limiting provisions on the back of an appropriations bill...without debate.
But, they aren't done and EPA will certainly be relieved of many powers it has abused. That's as it should be—if the measures are well thought-out and thoroughly aired in public debate. But, encouraged as she is that the energetic new powers in Washington (suitably constrained by the Court and by clearer heads among their own legislative peers) will bring common sense to environmental regulation, she is still hung out on the horns of a dilemma. If the EPA stove regulations are tossed out, life and fun will return to the industry, we'll have a broader choice of wood heaters again, and use of renewable wood will begin to increase. But, if we take authority for regulating stove emissions back from Big Brother, we are obligated as well to accept responsibility for keeping our own air clean and safe. And, what will the state legislatures do under pressure from timber or industrial interests that carry much more clout on a local level? Worse, what will Congress do when our backs are turned?
For now, we'll have to just live with the dilemma, keep our eyes wide open and our letter-writing pencil sharpened. Because, as we are too inclined to forget, your legislators will only do what you allow them to.


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On May 26th I was interviewed on BlogTalk Radio by Steven Hairfield and Jeoffrey Hutcherson about healing the family wound. This topic has bloomed for me out of Kumelia's message that it will be very beneficial to the shift toward higher consciousness for humans to heal ancestral wounds. I've developed a class and a workshop for helping individuals and families initiate a healing quest to get their family skeletons out of the proverbial closet.
A family wound is the concentrated emotional pain that gets transferred from one generation to the next – until it is acknowledged, accepted and transformed. And yes, every family member carries the wound, but most aren't even aware of it. This is because the wound originates from a traumatic event or series of events that impact the wellness, structure, and very existence of a family: war, immigration, economic crisis, slavery, genocide, floods, tornadoes, famines, or earthquakes. These life-changing events demand a focus on survival, leaving little or no time for grieving and other healthy expressions of emotional pain. Emotions become shut down so that the family can survive. After the traumatic event and its aftermath have ended, no one remembers that any pain that is not transformed is transferred.
The family wound has the power to keep us cycling through unhappy experiences, self-sabotaging behaviors, chronic depression, failed and dysfunctional relationships, financial debt, and the inability to give and receive love freely – as long as we allow it. Recognizing and learning to heal through the family wound is one of the most courageous and prestigious tasks that a human being can undertake during their lifetime.

subset: commoncrawl


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D.H. Hill has been providing financial planning services since 1978. Contact us today and find out how we can help secure your future!
Looking for financial software that will deliver results for your firm? Have a look at our software applications.
Practice Manager
D.H. Hill is a Texas based group of four companies:
D.H. Hill was originally formed in 1978 to provide financial planning services focused on helping people save and accumulate money on a tax-favored basis. Today, D.H. Hill Financial Services is known as D.H. Hill Financial, and we still serve the retirement market with tax reduction, income enhancement, and risk reduction strategies. Over a quarter of a century later, our mantra "We help our clients retire" continues to be our guiding principle.
D.H. Hill Securities, LLP, a Broker-Dealer and member firm of FINRA, was formed in 1996 and provides securities investments through a network of independent Financial Advisors.
D.H. Hill Advisors, Inc., a Registered Investment Advisory firm was established in 1998 to offer a proprietary money management program designed to reduce market volatility in bear market conditions. We also offer fee based asset management services through a network of independent Investment Advisor Representatives who have access to some of the top portfolio managers around the world.
D.H. Hill Insurance Services, LLC is an insurance agency offering a variety of life, health and annuity products to a network of independent Insurance Agents.
Securities offered through D.H. Hill Securities, LLLP Member FINRA/SIPC, FINRA BrokerCheck Advisory services offered through D.H. Hill Advisors, Inc. 1543 Green Oak Place, Suite 100, Kingwood, TX 77339


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XDG MIME Applications
There are numerous places to configure default applications on Linux. This page will attempt to address problems related to the following issues:
- You need to change a certain default application (e.g. after switching desktop environments), but there appears to be nowhere to configure it, or an application ignores your configuration
- You regularly switch back and forth between several desktop environments, and need to configure some applications (e.g. file manager) on a per-desktop-environment basis, but need to configure others (e.g. web browser) globally
Until there is more information/organization, it will just be a dumping ground of random tricks
Changing a default application
There is a file Template:Filename that seems to have something to do with default applications.
Gnome 3
Sometimes, a certain application will not appear in the right-click Open With... dialog. To fix this problem, locate the Template:Filename file in Template:Filename, edit it as root, and add Template:Codeline to the end of the Template:Codeline line. For example, Kile currently has this problem; you need to edit Template:Filename and change the line reading Template:Codeline to read Template:Codeline. Also, please file a bug against the upstream project if you notice this problem.
As far as I can tell, on Gnome 3, there are two configuration systems, GConf (older) and dconf (newer). GConf can be configured with Template:Codeline; in particular, you can try messing with the Template:Filename key, but changing settings there didn't fix any problems I had.
To configure the default terminal for the package nautilus-open-terminal to Konsole, use
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec konsole $ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec-arg "'-e'"
The second command tells Template:Codeline to expect a command to be passed to it as part of the invocation. ``nautilus-open-terminal needs this because it passes a Template:Codeline command in order to switch to the appropriate directory. For example, opening a terminal in your Template:Filename directory will invoke something like
$ konsole -e cd "~/Desktop"
Web browser
To configure the web browser used by the AUR package gnome-gmail-notifier, run
$ gconf-editor
and edit the Template:Filename key. You may want to change Template:Filename, Template:Filename, and Template:Filename keys while you're at it.
File manager
XChat is using Thunar instead of Nautilus for some reason. More info once I get this figured out...
Maintaining settings for multiple desktop environments
More info later...


text:
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Flip your wardrobe upside down with this sensational Missouri Tigers College Vault Primary Team Logo Shadow Washed T-shirt from Fanatics Branded. As soon as you slip this upscale tee on, you'll immediately notice and appreciate its soft-to-the-touch material. Your other pieces of Missouri Tigers gear will seem inferior after you spend time relaxing in this high-quality tee. Not to mention that the specially crafted detailing will put your look in a league of its own this season.
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California Department of TransportationDate: November 21, 2011
District: Headquarters - Sacramento
Contact: Matt Rocco
Phone: (916) 657-5060
Caltrans Releases Documents Related to Technician's Falsified Reports
SACRAMENTO – Caltrans today released hundreds of official records—including test results, correspondence and certified engineering reports—related to its response to an employee caught falsifying data during a construction project in September 2008.
The records released today confirm that a Caltrans employee, who was subsequently fired, falsified data on three projects:
- The La Sierra Avenue Bridge in Riverside in September 2008
- A retaining wall at Braddock Drive on Interstate 405 in Los Angeles in April 2007
- An overhead sign foundation on Interstate 580 in Oakland in March 2008
In a separate and independent review validating Caltrans' findings, the Federal Highway Administration also concluded that the employee's falsification was limited to those three structures. Certified engineering reports released today confirm the safety of each of the structures.
The records show that although the former employee worked on the Bay Bridge, none of his work on the bridge was falsified. The records also show that the Bay Bridge is structurally sound.
"We have confirmed that the totality of the problem regarding falsified data is limited to one transportation technician's work in three locations," said Acting Director Malcolm Dougherty in a letter sent today to the Senate Committee on Transportation and Housing. "Caltrans performed an engineering analysis to ensure that each location is structurally safe."
An executive summary of the documents, table of contents, and the Acting Director's cover letter are attached.
# # # #


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As it stands, you can get greater performance with a piggyback for $500 than a Dinan flash for $3500.00. It seems people are wising up to not overpaying for a name brand simply for its name and it appears Dinan's attempt to shed doubt on the quality of piggyback tuning was not enough to get people to stop buying piggybacks.
Dinan is in business to make money so it looks like some pride may need to be swallowed here if what Dinan is advertising below is true. The Dinan Turbotronics TCU is labeled a Tuning Control Unit which one can logically conclude is an external piggyback box that will rely on the factory ECU to remain in place.
Is Dinan a hypocrite? You decide.


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The Best Home And Design Idea
amazon kitchen faucet stainless steel Tag
Browsing amazon kitchen faucet stainless steel tag
Guide to Buy Best Product in Amazon Kitchen Faucets
Admin, November 26th, 2017
Kitchen, Guide to Buy Best Product in Amazon Kitchen Faucets.
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will be updated hourly. It provides you not only best seller item but also many popular items of kitchen faucets to be selected. The rank of stars presented by each item will help you finding the best faucet. So, good luck finding the best one!
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Consumer Advisory
Comptroller of the Currency
Administrator of National Banks
Washington, DC 20219
Date: April 21, 2009
OCC Consumer Tips for Avoiding Mortgage Modification Scams and Foreclosure Rescue Scams (Superseded by CA 2011-1)
Scams that promise to "rescue" you from foreclosure are popping up at an alarming rate nationwide, and you need to protect yourself and your home.
If you're falling behind on your mortgage, others may know it, too — including con artists and scam artists. They know that people in these situations are vulnerable and often desperate. Potential victims are easy to find: mortgage lenders publish notices before foreclosing on homes. Private firms frequently compile and sell lists of these foreclosed properties and distressed borrowers. After reading these notices, con artists approach their targets in person, by mail, over the telephone, or by e-mail. They often advertise their services on television, radio, or the Web, and in newspapers, describing themselves as "foreclosure consultants" or "mortgage consultants," offering "foreclosure prevention" or "foreclosure rescue" services. And they are only too happy to take advantage of homeowners who want to save their homes.
If someone offers to negotiate a loan modification for you or to stop or delay foreclosure for a fee, carefully check his or her credentials, reputation, and experience, watch out for warning signs of a scam, and always maintain personal contact with your lender and mortgage servicer. Your mortgage lender can help you find real options to avoid foreclosure. It is important to contact your mortgage lender early to preserve all your options. There are legitimate consumer financial counseling agencies that can help you work with your lender.
This Consumer Advisory, issued by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), describes common scams, suggests ways to protect yourself, provides information on U.S. government loan programs and counseling resources, and lists 10 warning signs of a mortgage modification scam.
Common Types of Scams
Here are some examples of scams related to mortgage modification and foreclosure avoidance.
How to Protect Yourself from Mortgage Modification and Foreclosure Avoidance Scams
Always proceed with caution when dealing with anyone offering to help you modify your mortgage or avoid foreclosure. Remember that you do not need a third party to work with your lender — any such party should make the process easier, not harder and more expensive.
Ten Warning Signs of a Mortgage Modification Scam
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Hello i am "michael007" Aka Mike or Typhoon2012, my real name is indeed Michael, if you have not guessed already haha.. i like to think i'm a well mannered individual whom likes to help and support others, i won't stand for belittling comments. I am a happy go lucky person who is happy to chat with anyone at any time, polite and well mannered personality with respectful and cheerful nature. i am also known for having a reputation to flirt in public chat haha.
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Foundations of mathematics
Foundations of mathematics, the study of the logical and philosophical basis of mathematics, including whether the axioms of a given system ensure its completeness and its consistency. Because mathematics has served as a model for rational inquiry in the West and is used extensively in the sciences, foundational studies have far-reaching consequences for the reliability and extensibility of rational thought itself.
For 2,000 years the foundations of mathematics seemed perfectly solid. Euclid's Elements (c. 300 bce), which presented a set of formal logical arguments based on a few basic terms and axioms, provided a systematic method of rational exploration that guided mathematicians, philosophers, and scientists well into the 19th century. Even serious objections to the lack of rigour in Sir Isaac Newton's notion of fluxions (derivatives) in the calculus, raised by the Anglo-Irish empiricist George Berkeley (among others), did not call into question the basic foundations of mathematics. The discovery in the 19th century of consistent alternative geometries, however, precipitated a crisis, for it showed that Euclidean geometry, based on seemingly the most intuitively obvious axiomatic assumptions, did not correspond with reality as mathematicians had believed. This, together with the bold discoveries of the German mathematician Georg Cantor in set theory, made it clear that, to avoid further confusion and satisfactorily answer paradoxical results, a new and more rigorous foundation for mathematics was necessary.
Thus began the 20th-century quest to rebuild mathematics on a new basis independent of geometric intuitions. Early efforts included those of the logicist school of the British mathematicians Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead, the formalist school of the German mathematician David Hilbert, the intuitionist school of the Dutch mathematician L.E.J. Brouwer, and the French set theory school of mathematicians collectively writing under the pseudonym of Nicolas Bourbaki. Some of the most promising current research is based on the development of category theory by the American mathematician Saunders Mac Lane and the Polish-born American mathematician Samuel Eilenberg following World War II.
This article presents the historical background of foundational questions and 20th-century efforts to construct a new foundational basis for mathematics.
Ancient Greece to the Enlightenment
A remarkable amount of practical mathematics, some of it even fairly sophisticated, was already developed as early as 2000 bce by the agricultural civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia and perhaps even farther east. However, the first to exhibit an interest in the foundations of mathematics were the ancient Greeks.
Arithmetic or geometry
Early Greek philosophy was dominated by a dispute as to which is more basic, arithmetic or geometry, and thus whether mathematics should be concerned primarily with the (positive) integers or the (positive) reals, the latter then being conceived as ratios of geometric quantities. (The Greeks confined themselves to positive numbers, as negative numbers were introduced only much later in India by Brahmagupta.) Underlying this dispute was a perceived basic dichotomy, not confined to mathematics but pervading all nature: is the universe made up of discrete atoms (as the philosopher Democritus believed) which hence can be counted, or does it consist of one or more continuous substances (as Thales of Miletus is reputed to have believed) and thus can only be measured? This dichotomy was presumably inspired by a linguistic distinction, analogous to that between English count nouns, such as "apple," and mass nouns, such as "water." As Aristotle later pointed out, in an effort to mediate between these divergent positions, water can be measured by counting cups.
The Pythagorean school of mathematics, founded on the doctrines of the Greek philosopher Pythagoras, originally insisted that only natural and rational numbers exist. Its members only reluctantly accepted the discovery that Square root of√2, the ratio of the diagonal of a square to its side, could not be expressed as the ratio of whole numbers. The remarkable proof of this fact has been preserved by Aristotle.
The contradiction between rationals and reals was finally resolved by Eudoxus of Cnidus, a disciple of Plato, who pointed out that two ratios of geometric quantities are equal if and only if they partition the set of (positive) rationals in the same way, thus anticipating the German mathematician Richard Dedekind (1831–1916), who defined real numbers as such partitions.
Being versus becoming
Another dispute among pre-Socratic philosophers was more concerned with the physical world. Parmenides claimed that in the real world there is no such thing as change and that the flow of time is an illusion, a view with parallels in the Einstein-Minkowski four-dimensional space-time model of the universe. Heracleitus, on the other hand, asserted that change is all-pervasive and is reputed to have said that one cannot step into the same river twice.
Zeno of Elea, a follower of Parmenides, claimed that change is actually impossible and produced four paradoxes to show this. The most famous of these describes a race between Achilles and a tortoise. Since Achilles can run much faster than the tortoise, let us say twice as fast, the latter is allowed a head start of one mile. When Achilles has run one mile, the tortoise will have run half as far again—that is, half a mile. When Achilles has covered that additional half-mile, the tortoise will have run a further quarter-mile. After n + 1 stages, Achilles has run
miles and the tortoise has run
miles, being still 1/2n + 1 miles ahead. So how can Achilles ever catch up with the tortoise (see figure)?
Zeno's paradoxes may also be interpreted as showing that space and time are not made up of discrete atoms but are substances which are infinitely divisible. Mathematically speaking, his argument involves the sum of the infinite geometric progression
no finite partial sum of which adds up to 2. As Aristotle would later say, this progression is only potentially infinite. It is now understood that Zeno was trying to come to grips with the notion of limit, which was not formally explained until the 19th century, although a start in that direction had been made by the French encyclopaedist Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (1717–83).
The Athenian philosopher Plato believed that mathematical entities are not just human inventions but have a real existence. For instance, according to Plato, the number 2 is an ideal object. This is sometimes called an "idea," from the Greek eide, or "universal," from the Latin universalis, meaning "that which pertains to all." But Plato did not have in mind a "mental image," as "idea" is usually used. The number 2 is to be distinguished from a collection of two stones or two apples or, for that matter, two platinum balls in Paris.
What, then, are these Platonic ideas? Already in ancient Alexandria some people speculated that they are words. This is why the Greek word logos, originally meaning "word," later acquired a theological meaning as denoting the ultimate reality behind the "thing." An intense debate occurred in the Middle Ages over the ontological status of universals. Three dominant views prevailed: realism, from the Latin res ("thing"), which asserts that universals have an extra-mental reality—that is, they exist independently of perception; conceptualism, which asserts that universals exist as entities within the mind but have no extra-mental existence; and nominalism, from the Latin nomen ("name"), which asserts that universals exist neither in the mind nor in the extra-mental realm but are merely names that refer to collections of individual objects.
It would seem that Plato believed in a notion of truth independent of the human mind. In the Meno Plato's teacher Socrates asserts that it is possible to come to know this truth by a process akin to memory retrieval. Thus, by clever questioning, Socrates managed to bring an uneducated person to "remember," or rather to reconstruct, the proof of a mathematical theorem.
The axiomatic method
Perhaps the most important contribution to the foundations of mathematics made by the ancient Greeks was the axiomatic method and the notion of proof. This was insisted upon in Plato's Academy and reached its high point in Alexandria about 300 bce with Euclid's Elements. This notion survives today, except for some cosmetic changes.
The idea is this: there are a number of basic mathematical truths, called axioms or postulates, from which other true statements may be derived in a finite number of steps. It may take considerable ingenuity to discover a proof; but it is now held that it must be possible to check mechanically, step by step, whether a purported proof is indeed correct, and nowadays a computer should be able to do this. The mathematical statements that can be proved are called theorems, and it follows that, in principle, a mechanical device, such as a modern computer, can generate all theorems.
Two questions about the axiomatic method were left unanswered by the ancients: are all mathematical truths axioms or theorems (this is referred to as completeness), and can it be determined mechanically whether a given statement is a theorem (this is called decidability)? These questions were raised implicitly by David Hilbert (1862–1943) about 1900 and were resolved later in the negative, completeness by the Austrian-American logician Kurt Gödel (1906–78) and decidability by the American logician Alonzo Church (1903–95).
Euclid's work dealt with number theory and geometry, essentially all the mathematics then known. Since the middle of the 20th century a gradually changing group of mostly French mathematicians under the pseudonym Nicolas Bourbaki has tried to emulate Euclid in writing a new Elements of Mathematics based on their theory of structures. Unfortunately, they just missed out on the new ideas from category theory.
Number systems
While the ancient Greeks were familiar with the positive integers, rationals, and reals, zero (used as an actual number instead of denoting a missing number) and the negative numbers were first used in India, as far as is known, by Brahmagupta in the 7th century ce. Complex numbers were introduced by the Italian Renaissance mathematician and physician Gerolamo Cardano (1501–76), not just to solve equations such as x2 + 1 = 0 but because they were needed to find real solutions of certain cubic equations with real coefficients. Much later, the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) proved the fundamental theorem of algebra, that all equations with complex coefficients have complex solutions, thus removing the principal motivation for introducing new numbers. Still, the Irish mathematician Sir William Rowan Hamilton (1805–65) and the French mathematician Olinde Rodrigues (1794–1851) invented quaternions in the mid-19th century, but these proved to be less popular in the scientific community until quite recently.
Currently, a logical presentation of the number system, as taught at the university level, would be as follows: N → Z → Q → R → C → H. Here the letters, introduced by Nicolas Bourbaki, refer to the natural numbers, integers, rationals, reals, complex numbers, and quaternions, respectively, and the arrows indicate inclusion of each number system into the next. However, as has been shown, the historical development proceeds differently: N+ → Q+ → R+ → R → C → H, where the plus sign indicates restriction to positive elements. This is the development, up to R, which is often adhered to at the high-school level.
The reexamination of infinity
Calculus reopens foundational questions
Although mathematics flourished after the end of the Classical Greek period for 800 years in Alexandria and, after an interlude in India and the Islamic world, again in Renaissance Europe, philosophical questions concerning the foundations of mathematics were not raised until the invention of calculus and then not by mathematicians but by the philosopher George Berkeley (1685–1753).
Sir Isaac Newton in England and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in Germany had independently developed the calculus on a basis of heuristic rules and methods markedly deficient in logical justification. As is the case in many new developments, utility outweighed rigour, and, though Newton's fluxions (or derivatives) and Leibniz's infinitesimals (or differentials) lacked a coherent rational explanation, their power in answering heretofore unanswerable questions was undeniable. Unlike Newton, who made little effort to explain and justify fluxions, Leibniz, as an eminent and highly regarded philosopher, was influential in propagating the idea of infinitesimals, which he described as infinitely small actual numbers—that is, less than 1/n in absolute value for each positive integer n and yet not equal to zero. Berkeley, concerned over the deterministic and atheistic implications of philosophical mechanism, set out to reveal contradictions in the calculus in his influential book The Analyst; or, A Discourse Addressed to an Infidel Mathematician. There he scathingly wrote about these fluxions and infinitesimals, "They are neither finite quantities, nor quantities infinitely small, nor yet nothing. May we not call them the ghosts of departed quantities?" and further asked, "Whether mathematicians, who are so delicate in religious points, are strictly scrupulous in their own science? Whether they do not submit to authority, take things upon trust, and believe points inconceivable?"
Berkeley's criticism was not fully met until the 19th century, when it was realized that, in the expression dy/dx, dx and dy need not lead an independent existence. Rather, this expression could be defined as the limit of ordinary ratios Δy/Δx, as Δx approaches zero without ever being zero. Moreover, the notion of limit was then explained quite rigorously, in answer to such thinkers as Zeno and Berkeley.
It was not until the middle of the 20th century that the logician Abraham Robinson (1918–74) showed that the notion of infinitesimal was in fact logically consistent and that, therefore, infinitesimals could be introduced as new kinds of numbers. This led to a novel way of presenting the calculus, called nonstandard analysis, which has, however, not become as widespread and influential as it might have.
Robinson's argument was this: if the assumptions behind the existence of an infinitesimal ξ led to a contradiction, then this contradiction must already be obtainable from a finite set of these assumptions, say from:
But this finite set is consistent, as is seen by taking ξ = 1/(n + 1).
Non-Euclidean geometries
When Euclid presented his axiomatic treatment of geometry, one of his assumptions, his fifth postulate, appeared to be less obvious or fundamental than the others. As it is now conventionally formulated, it asserts that there is exactly one parallel to a given line through a given point. Attempts to derive this from Euclid's other axioms did not succeed, and, at the beginning of the 19th century, it was realized that Euclid's fifth postulate is, in fact, independent of the others. It was then seen that Euclid had described not the one true geometry but only one of a number of possible geometries.
Elliptic and hyperbolic geometries
Within the framework of Euclid's other four postulates (and a few that he omitted), there were also possible elliptic and hyperbolic geometries. In plane elliptic geometry there are no parallels to a given line through a given point; it may be viewed as the geometry of a spherical surface on which antipodal points have been identified and all lines are great circles. This was not viewed as revolutionary. More exciting was plane hyperbolic geometry, developed independently by the Hungarian mathematician János Bolyai (1802–60) and the Russian mathematician Nikolay Lobachevsky (1792–1856), in which there is more than one parallel to a given line through a given point. This geometry is more difficult to visualize, but a helpful model presents the hyperbolic plane as the interior of a circle, in which straight lines take the form of arcs of circles perpendicular to the circumference.
Another way to distinguish the three geometries is to look at the sum of the angles of a triangle. It is 180° in Euclidean geometry, as first reputedly discovered by Thales of Miletus (flourished 6th century bce), whereas it is more than 180° in elliptic geometry and less than 180° in hyperbolic geometry. See figure.
Riemannian geometry
The discovery that there is more than one geometry was of foundational significance and contradicted the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804). Kant had argued that there is only one true geometry, Euclidean, which is known to be true a priori by an inner faculty (or intuition) of the mind. For Kant, and practically all other philosophers and mathematicians of his time, this belief in the unassailable truth of Euclidean geometry formed the foundation and justification for further explorations into the nature of reality. With the discovery of consistent non-Euclidean geometries, there was a subsequent loss of certainty and trust in this innate intuition, and this was fundamental in separating mathematics from a rigid adherence to an external sensory order (no longer vouchsafed as "true") and led to the growing abstraction of mathematics as a self-contained universe. This divorce from geometric intuition added impetus to later efforts to rebuild assurance of truth on the basis of logic. (See below The quest for rigour.)
What then is the correct geometry for describing the space (actually space-time) we live in? It turns out to be none of the above, but a more general kind of geometry, as was first discovered by the German mathematician Bernhard Riemann (1826–66). In the early 20th century, Albert Einstein showed, in the context of his general theory of relativity, that the true geometry of space is only approximately Euclidean. It is a form of Riemannian geometry in which space and time are linked in a four-dimensional manifold, and it is the curvature at each point that is responsible for the gravitational "force" at that point. Einstein spent the last part of his life trying to extend this idea to the electromagnetic force, hoping to reduce all physics to geometry, but a successful unified field theory eluded him.
In the 19th century, the German mathematician Georg Cantor (1845–1918) returned once more to the notion of infinity and showed that, surprisingly, there is not just one kind of infinity but many kinds. In particular, while the set N of natural numbers and the set of all subsets of N are both infinite, the latter collection is more numerous, in a way that Cantor made precise, than the former. He proved that N, Z, and Q all have the same size, since it is possible to put them into one-to-one correspondence with one another, but that R is bigger, having the same size as the set of all subsets of N.
However, Cantor was unable to prove the so-called continuum hypothesis, which asserts that there is no set that is larger than N yet smaller than the set of its subsets. It was shown only in the 20th century, by Gödel and the American logician Paul Cohen (1934–2007), that the continuum hypothesis can be neither proved nor disproved from the usual axioms of set theory. Cantor had his detractors, most notably the German mathematician Leopold Kronecker (1823–91), who felt that Cantor's theory was too metaphysical and that his methods were not sufficiently constructive (see below Nonconstructive arguments).


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>>>Full Teams
MT. PLEASANT, Mich. – The American Association of Baseball Coaches (ABCA) recently released the Rawlings Division II All-America teams, with Georgia College catcher Steve Hazel (Kentwood, Mich.) owning a spot on the second team.
Hazel hit .381 this season, adding 13 home runs and 53 RBI. The catcher had a .710 slugging percentage, and scored 45 runs as well. His slugging ranks just outside the school's top-10, and seventh in the country this season. His 13 home runs finished 10th in all of Division II. He had the Bobcats' longest hitting streak of the season at 17 ballgames, coming to an end when he left a game after one at-bat due to injury.
The junior is the first Rawlings All-American for GC Baseball since Tanner Funk and Shawn Ward in 2011. Hazel is the first catcher to earn the honor in Georgia College history, and the 16th player overall in school history.
The Bobcats wrapped up another monster season in 2014, going 35-17 and earning a spot in the NCAA Southeast Regionals for the second-straight season. Georgia College led the country in runs per game at 9.4, finished second in on-base percentage (.440) and were third in both home runs (58) and slugging (.513).
The Georgia College Department of Athletics, two-time winners of the PBC Commissioner's Cup, sponsors 11 varsity athletic programs at the NCAA Division II level. As a Division II program, Bobcat Athletics prides itself on balancing the life of the student-athlete, evidenced by the teams' multiple appearances in post-season competition as well as documented academic success and community-service involvement. Sign up at @GCBobcats on Twitter and Facebook for up-to-the-minute reports, and visit GCBobcats.PhotoReflect.com to purchase photo prints from home athletic contests.


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|Mou, Beiquan
|Scorza, Ralph
Submitted to: Transgenetic Horticultural Crops: Challenges and Opportunities
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: 4/20/2011
Publication Date: 6/3/2011
Citation: Mou, B., Scorza, R. 2011. Transgenetic horticultural crops: challenges and opportunities. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. 364 p.
Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: At the dawn of the twenty-first century, food insecurity and malnutrition continue to plague humankind, especially in third-world countries. It has been estimated that world food supplies must increase by up to 50% over the next 20 years due to population growth, even while farming land is being rapidly lost to housing, transportation, and industrial uses. Global warming and climate change also pose serious threats to agricultural production and place unprecedented pressures on the sustainability of food supplies. Transgenic field crop production is a major component of modern agriculture and promises to play an important role in meeting the food supply challenges that we face today and in the future. The global planted area of genetically engineered field crops has soared to 330 million acres in 25 countries in 2009, of which 158 million acres (48%) were in the United States. Today, more than three-quarters of the soybean, nearly half of the cotton, and more than a quarter of the global maize production are from biotech varieties, primarily with herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, or stacked genes for the two traits. As the world debates the risks and benefits of plant biotechnology, the proportion of the global area of transgenic field crops has increased every year, and the safety and benefits continue to be demonstrated. Yet, despite the success of transgenic field crops, the commercialization of transgenic horticultural crops (vegetables, fruits, nuts, and ornamentals) has lagged far behind. "Transgenic Horticultural Crops: Challenges and Opportunities" examines the challenges, advances, and opportunities for the creation and commercialization of transgenic horticultural crops. The consumption and production of horticultural products continue to increase, and now, horticultural crops account for 50% of the value for all agricultural crops in the U.S. With the rising demand for fruits and vegetables by health-conscious consumers, there are ever increasing interests in horticultural crops. Although horticultural crops were the first biotech crops commercialized in the United States beginning with the Flavr Savr tomato in 1994, they have not made an impact on production due to factors that include consumer concern over genetically modified (GM) food, which results in the reluctance of processors and marketers to accept the biotech products already developed; complex and costly regulatory processes; the limited acreage of most horticultural crops which make it difficult to recover the costs of research and development; and costly segregation of GM and non-GM commodities. Current practices in patenting and intellectual property protection have added barriers to the use of biotechnology for the creation and commercialization of new horticultural crop varieties. Additional challenges to the development and commercialization of GM horticultural crops include technical difficulties in the transformation of certain horticultural crops, barriers to regulatory approval in many countries, and the uncertainties of post-commercialization stewardship. Although there are many volumes dealing with plant biotechnology and transgenic plants, those focusing on horticultural crops are rare. In "Transgenic Horticultural Crops: Challenges and Opportunities", internationally acclaimed experts from different disciplines assess the current status of transgenic horticultural crops, examine the challenges for the creation and commercialization of horticultural biotechnology, and identify opportunities, strategies, and priorities for future progress in this important field.


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HANG TIME, TEXAS — Along with electricity, gravity and the remote control, we can add one more item to the list of things we take for granted.
Josh Smith.
Is it because he plays in Atlanta, where the home team usually has been far less entertaining and satisfying than the home team down the road at the TNT studio?
Is it because to the Hawks, life beyond the second round of the playoffs is as mythical as Xanadu or the lost continent of Atlantis?
Is it because of all of Smith's ill-timed, ill-thought 3-pointers that have resulted in dents in the wall from where we slammed our heads?
Here are some names to consider: Hakeem Olajuwon, David Robinson, Patrick Ewing, Karl Malone, Julius Erving, Tim Duncan, Dirk Nowitzki, Kevin Garnett and J-Smoove.
No, the commonality is not merely that they are all bipeds. It is an honor roll that, by the end of this season, should consist of the only nine players in history to have compiled 10,000 points, 5,000 rebounds, 2,000 assists and 1,000 blocked shots with the same NBA team.
In an excellent piece in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Chris Vivlamore notes that it is the chip on his shoulder that drives Smith on:
"I've definitely accomplished a lot of things that a lot of people didn't think I would accomplish but I've always believed in myself," said Smith, who insists he doesn't pay attention to statistics. I'm definitely confident. I'm a confident person and I have a hard work ethic."
The Hawks used the 17th overall selection of the 2004 draft to pick Smith straight out of high school. The words of Jay Bilas on draft night still ring in Smith's ears, even though he refuses to mention the ESPN analyst by name. At the time of the selection, 10 picks after the Hawks selected Josh Childress, Bilas said this of Smith: "If you had to pick which guy was most likely to be a bust in the first round, it would be this guy. He has no right hand and he can't shoot."
While some considered the pick a long-shot, Smith believes quite the opposite.
"I felt like I should have been drafted earlier but things happen," Smith said. "I'm still here. There are a lot of people that went in front of me that aren't in this league. When I got called, people said I was going to be the biggest bust in my draft. One particular person. It's all good. I prevailed. I persevered through all the negativity. I will continue to keep working hard to continue to prove those people wrong."
Go back to that list of the nine names. While the first eight have all won at least a single MVP award, Smith has never even been named once to play in the All-Star Game. His individual recognition has been as NBA slam dunk champion (2005), All-Rookie Second Team (2005) and All-Defensive Second Team (2010)
The voting for the 2013 All-Star Game in Houston will begin in just a few weeks and by the time the rosters are chosen, there will the usual hue and cry from all over the NBA map about those who were snubbed. Portland's LaMarcus Aldridge, Philly's Andrew Bynum (as a Laker) and Denver's Andre Iguodala (as a Sixer) finally made their maiden All-Star voyages last season. Zach Randolph did it in 2010. This time the cases might be made for Rudy Gay, Andrew Bogut, Luis Scola, Al Jefferson or Greg Monroe.
But whether you're filling out your ballot online or the old-fashioned way with pen and paper, the smart choice would be to look past all the noise and stop taking Josh Smith for granted.


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"Today, tens of millions of Americans are living with the burden of a mental health problem. They shoulder conditions like depression and anxiety, post-traumatic stress and bipolar disorder — debilitating illnesses that can strain every part of a person's life. And even though help is out there, less than half of children and adults with diagnosable mental health problems receive treatment....
Do not go upon what has been acquired by repeated hearing; nor tradition; nor rumor; nor what is in a scripture; nor surmise; nor axiom; nor specious reasoning; nor bias towards one's beliefs; nor upon another's seeming ability; nor upon the consideration, 'The monk is our teacher.' When you yourselves know: 'These things are good; these things are not blamable; these things are praised by the wise; undertaken and observed, these things lead to benefit and happiness,' enter on and abide in them.
Tuesday, 21 May 2013
Buddhism and Mental Illness
|Like this post?
4 comments:
Nothing too overt. The delay was not intentional, but maybe subconscious. I have to leave it at that.ReplyDelete
Many of us nowadays have mental illnesses because we are not able to let our the stress that we have in positive ways. Some may even turn to violence, hence the result of the mental illness.ReplyDelete
I would say that having a mental illness is slightly because of the choices that we make. We could have seen a psychologist but we are afraid of the things that others may say behind our back. Thus, if we have made the choice to get help before everything is too late, the number of people that suffer from mental illnesses would be lesser.
Make a choice yourself, not pushing that responsibility to others!
Thank you for another interesting, accessible, and enlightening post. Thank you for following your curiosity.ReplyDelete
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As we've built out our Cloud Connector program, we've had a number of partners build out interesting extensions to Eloqua that you might find interesting. We're happy to see this, as understanding and interacting with them across the entire buying process is a core part of revenue performance management. We'll highlight these solutions from time to time here, and I hope you find them of value. Today, please find a guest post from Kwanzoo.
Marketers everywhere are wrestling with a significant challenge - how to get users, whether visitors to their website, or prospects on their lead nurturing email lists or paid media placements to engage! The catchword of the moment is "Attention!"
Eloqua's newest partner Kwanzoo provides highly engaging marketing units (polls, surveys, social sharing promotions, opt-ins) that improve demand generation, increase conversions from lead nurturing emails and grow word-of-mouth mentions by customers. How does it work? See an example below of a 3-question survey, combined with a social sharing promotion that's triggered from inside Eloqua emails, to drive conference registrations.
How to Improve Engagement, Clicks and Conversions from Eloqua Emails
Embed Kwanzoo's smart poll, survey / quiz, social share and opt-in units into your Eloqua lead nurturing emails. You can present a targeted offer to a user, based on the response to a poll or survey. Alternately, you can offer incentives to users and drive them down a conversion funnel (download a whitepaper, register for a webinar) right from inside the email!
Extend the Top of Your Demand Generation Funnel
Kwanzoo opens up many more options for you to grow your base of leads for further nurturing. Besides your own website or blog, Kwanzoo's marketing units can be placed on third party blogs, community pages, affiliate sites, Facebook pages, or paid placements. All the Kwanzoo units allow for lead data capture in their engagement flow. So start with a poll or survey, and then prompt the user to connect with your business and drop their contact information. See an example illustrative flow below.
Marketing Creative Sizes and Placement Options
Kwanzoo offers in-email units of any custom size and web marketing units that are 300x250 (300 pixels wide, 250 pixels high). Each unit can function as interactive content inside an email, on a website, blog or Facebook page. It is also easily served as an "IAB standard medium rectangle" ad unit, as a replacement for your traditional display or banner ad on a third party publisher site, affiliate site, or an ad network (such as the Google Display Network). You can also use Kwanzoo's interactive units for retargeting. Bring back prior visitors to your site as they bounce off to visit different websites.
Capture Lead Data and Drop Into Eloqua
With Kwanzoo's LeadConnect for Eloqua, you can now capture lead data directly inside a 300x250 ad unit, and drop it into Eloqua for ongoing lead nurturing. Setting up the LeadConnect link between Kwanzoo units and Eloqua is really simple. See below for the point-and-click interface on Kwanzoo.com for marketers.
Quick Tip: Please be sure to check with the publisher partner or ad network where you are placing a media buy, to confirm what lead data may be captured directly in the ad. If a specific placement will not allow prospect data capture within the ad unit, simply re-direct the user to your landing page once the ad qualifies the user. Capture lead data on the landing page instead.
Augment Your Lead Data with Progressive Profiling
Your lead nurturing emails just got more interesting for your customers! Imagine a relevant, targeted poll or survey inside your outbound nurturing emails. Kwanzoo's in-email poll and survey campaigns have seen an engagement lift of 30% or higher, versus emails that do not include an embedded Kwanzoo unit. See the example illustrative flow below.
Now you will be able to engage John from Acme Medical Industries, who has gone cold on you, in a dialog on industry trends, by answering your survey questions. Engage in an online dialog, find out when they'd be ready for a sales demo, what's their buying time frame, and capture all that data for your lead! John will answer these questions so he can get the survey results. All of this, even before you hand off the lead to your sales team!
Missing data on prospects? You can now augment your data with progressive profiling over multiple email touches. Over each touch, as new data is collected for the same user, Kwanzoo tracks the specific campaigns that resulted in data augmentation.
You will find a step-by-step guide that explains how to setup the Eloqua LeadConnect link to a Kwanzoo marketing unit here. Enjoy this new capability, and keep that feedback coming!
Monday, June 6, 2011
Kwanzoo and Eloqua Integration: Engaging Polls, Surveys and Social Promotions
Posted by Steven Woods at 9:00 AM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: Cloud Connectors, Integration, Polling, survey
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Vapolution 2 All-In-Wonder Bowl
The all glass straw attachment for Vapolution 2. No Metal, No Ceramic, and No Plastic!
Vapolution 2 Bent Bowl
The Bent Bowl eliminates the need for retaining washers. It is bent at a 45 degree angle to conform perfectly with your Vapolution 2.
Vapolution 2 Rubber Feet
Replacement Rubber Feet for the Vapolution 2. Comes in a set of 4.
Vapolution Cotton Cleaning Swabs
These Cotton Cleaning Swabs are great for cleaning your heater and your glass parts.
1692 Mangrove Ave Chico, California 95926 United States
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