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Chicken Broiler and Poussin Standards
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1 Chicken Broiler and Poussin Standards DP.1 Revised DP.2 DP.2.1 DP.3 DOCUMENTS AND PROCEDURES AIM: Plans and procedures in place to ensure safe and legal food production STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Producers must have a copy of the Red Hard copy or electronic Tractor Assurance for Farms Scheme Standards Poultry Broilers and Poussin available A documented plan for the effective You have considered the risks to your farm e.g. management of serious incidents and o Feed and/or water equipment failing potential emergency situations that o Fire threaten the welfare of birds, food safety, o Extreme weather (drought, flooding, snow) or the environment must be in place and o Disease outbreaks/movement bans known to key staff o Reporting activist activity (police, relevant trade body, your certification body, customers) o Accident o Pollution incident Plan includes telephone and other contact details (including out of hours) e.g. vet, Environment Agency hotline, energy, feed and water suppliers ey staff have access to plan An Avian Influenza contingency plan must The plan is reviewed annually and updated when necessary AI contingency plan be in place Systems must be in place for recording, investigating and resolution of any complaints received that are relevant to the requirements of the Broiler and Poussin Standard Complaints made by local authority, general public, customers (e.g. abattoir feedback) or other System includes recording : o the complaint o the investigation result o the action taken to prevent the issue happening again Complaint records 1
2 DP.3.1 DP.4 Upgraded Producers must notify their Certification Body of any notification of a positive coccidiostat (e.g. nicarbazin) residue found in poultrymeat Producers must ensure that new production sites are suitable for use An on-farm investigation is undertaken Corrective action is implemented New production sites include (but are not limited to) new and existing buildings and land, including that used seasonally The certification body has been informed of the site and it has been added to your Red Tractor membership How has the land or building been used before? How close are the nearest other poultry and what is their health status Is the area or the buildings free from any physical hazards (for example old machinery, vehicle batteries, sharp edges, etc)? Do the buildings comply with current legal requirements Has the land had any recent applications of: o Herbicides or pesticides? o Slurry or manure (especially from other species)? o Poultry litter? o Sewage sludge? o Abattoir waste? o Compost? Is the land free of noxious weeds? Are there any known or likely health and disease risks from previous stock (for example parasites)? Where to find help Red Tractor Assurance For Farms Poultry Scheme: Record of action taken Defra - Farm Fires Protecting Farm Animal Welfare: farm-fires.pdf EU Poultrymeat Marketing Standards - Commission Regulation 543/2008: 2
3 TI.1 TI.2 TRACEABILITY AND ASSURANCE STATUS AIM: Clear identification of birds to deliver food chain traceability STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Birds must be identified and records Scheme registration number is included on dispatch notes kept to maintain traceability AIM: Assurance status is maintained at all times STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Eggs and/or chicks must be sourced from farms/hatcheries certified to the relevant scheme standards Where to find help 3
4 SC.1 Revised STAFF AND CONTRACTORS AIM: All staff and contractors are trained and signed off as competent to carry out the activities they are employed to do STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Systems must be in place to ensure new staff are effectively trained and signed-off as competent to carry out the activities they are employed to do Nobody starts work without an induction, supervision or explanation of the tasks they will carry out For particular tasks (mentioned elsewhere) training is given prior to being left to complete the task unsupervised SC.2 New The performance and competence of staff must be regularly reviewed and refresher training implemented as required Staff are regularly observed and the output of their work reviewed Refresher training is implemented immediately if issues found SC.3 Records of training must be kept A training record is available for all, including: o Name o Start date, if applicable o Training given/events attended/experience o Date of training o Who provided the training Where staff are trained to undertake specific tasks this is listed in the record SC.4 Where labour providers are used to An agreement is in place that details checks for right to work, identity New supply temporary or permanent staff checks, skill requirements and confirms Gangmasters licence is held an agreement must be in place to ensure competent persons are SC.5 provided Producers must adopt British Poultry Training Poultry Passport as the formal route for industry training and training recognition Training must be given by a recognised training provider to Diploma Level 2 (for conventionally reared meat chickens) or formal in-house training programme approved by British Poultry Training Where to find help British Poultry Training Poultry Passport: Training records Training records Labour Provider Agreement 4
5 HF.1 HF.1.1 HF.2 HOUSING, SHELTER AND HANDLING FACILITIES AIM: Safe, comfortable and hygienic housing for all birds STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Housing must be constructed and No sharp edges, projections or other hazards maintained to provide a safe Electrical installations inaccessible to birds environment for birds Housing securely contains birds The sound level in housing must be minimised Housing must be appropriately and effectively ventilated Ventilation fans, feeding machinery and other equipment is constructed, placed, operated and maintained in a way that causes the least amount of noise Ventilation minimises high humidity, build-up of odours and maintains a comfortable temperature Concentration of Ammonia should not exceed 20ppm Concentration of Carbon Dioxide should not exceed 3000ppm at the level of the birds heads The average relative humidity measured inside a house during a 48 hour period should not exceed 70% when the outside temperature is below 10C A documented ventilation plan is in place HF.2.1 Temperature records must be kept Records kept of minimum and maximum daily temperatures at bird level When the outside temperature exceeds 30C in the shade the inside temperature should not exceed the outside temperature by more than 3C HF.2.2 HF.3 HF.4 A written policy must be in place outlining recognition of and procedures to be followed in the event of heat or cold stress occurring Floors must be constructed and maintained to prevent injury Conditions within the housing must be maintained in a manner that ensures birds are able to keep clean floors are made of concrete or asphalt floors are well drained floor surface is above outside ground level A written Cleaning and Disinfection Policy in place, which contains o Cleaning and disinfection procedures for house, house furniture, water tanks and bulk feed bins o Handling of waste materials; litter, packaging, feed spillages o Details of Defra approved disinfectants and detergents used, 5 Temperature records Cleaning and disinfection policy Records of environmental bacteria tests
6 HF.4.1 Surfaces within housing must be in good condition and must be able to be cleaned and disinfected including safe usage, storage and dilution Whenever bird accommodation is emptied it is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected in accordance with the policy Swabs are taken for environmental bacteria and are cultured in a Government-approved laboratory records are kept of these tests HF.4.2 Flocks are provided with clean fresh products which expand to a minimum depth of 2cm can be used bedding to a minimum depth of 2cm HF.4.3 Bedding must remain in a dry, friable Wet capped litter is managed condition HF.4.4 Bedding stored in the open is stored on The cover provides protection from water, birds and vermin pallets and is covered Damaged bales are not used HF.5 Housing must be lit to allow normal behaviours, rest and effective Lighting intensity is at least 20 lux, measured at bird eye level and illuminating at least 80% of the useable area, during lighting periods inspection of birds Reductions in lighting made only on advice of vet Lighting patterns are recorded HF.5.1 Lighting follows a 24 hour rhythm This occurs within 7 days of the chickens being placed in the building and until 3 days before foreseen slaughter 24 hour rhythm includes periods of darkness lasting at least 6 hours, with at least one uninterrupted period of darkness lasting at least 4 hours Lighting pattern records AIM: Housing should be specific to bird size and requirements STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING HF.6 Housing must be of sufficient size Birds are not kept in cages HF.6.1 Planned stocking densities must not exceed 38kg/m 2 for broilers and 30kg/m 2 for poussin Realistic ey Performance Indicators are used when planning stocking densities ey Welfare Indicators are not compromised by stocking regime, particularly in relation to weather conditions 6
7 HF.6.2 HF.7 HF.8 HF.9 HF.10 HF.11 HF.12 Houses must have plates which highlight important information Plates list: o Total floor space available to the birds o Number of feeders and drinkers o Feed bin capacity AIM: Appropriate facilities are available for specific activities STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Housing areas must provide for the On arrival chicks are placed in pre-heated housing as soon as possible specific needs of young animals AIM: Systems within housing are fit for purpose STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Automatic equipment is inspected Records kept of: once a day o checks o malfunctions o rectifications An alternative power supply must be Malfunctions are rectified immediately available which is capable of supplying Generators are tested weekly on load (HF.2.7) all essential electrical systems within the poultry houses Electrical installations must be tested once every 5 years by a registered electrician An alarm system must be in place which alerts stockmen to ventilation equipment failure Fire prevention measures must be taken Electrician registered with NICEIC, BSI, NAPIT, AESIF, ELECSA, JIB Electrician s invoice Alarm system responds to high and low temperatures and to failures in each phase of the mains electricity Alarm systems are checked daily and records kept of: o checks o malfunctions o rectifications Alarm system works without mains power supply Safe use and storage of flammable/combustible materials Every building exceeding 30m in length has two doors and complies with relevant Building Regulations, particularly with regard to fire escape exits Access to building is restricted 7
8 Buildings are secure Smoking is restricted to designated areas only Machinery undergoes routine maintenance Escape routes and passages are kept clear at all times Notices are displayed in all main houses of the nearest telephone point Where to find help Defra - Heat Stress in Poultry: Solving the Problem: heat-stress pdf 8
9 FW.1 FW.2 FW.3 FEED AND WATER AIM: All birds receive a daily diet sufficient to maintain full health STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Birds must be provided with sufficient The diet is adequate and suitable to the production status and body feed condition of the animal Each shed has access to two feed bins Birds must be provided with sufficient access to feed Birds must be provided with adequate access to a supply of fresh, clean drinking water Feed space allowances are as follows for broilers: o Pan feeders 1 linear metre per 100 birds o Chain feeders 0.75 linear metre per 100 birds Feed space allowances are as follows for poussin: o Pan feeders 1 linear metre per 150 birds o Chain feeders 0.75 linear metre per 150 birds Birds do not have to travel more than 4m to reach feed Feed delivery systems are free of sharp edges, parts capable of causing injury and are adjustable to provide a comfortable feeding level Feed delivery system is checked daily for correct performance and cleanliness Water space allowances are as follows for broilers: o Bells 1 bell per 150 birds o Nipples and cups 1 nipple/ cup per 10 to 20 birds depending on manufacturer s recommendations, water pressure and flow rate or 1 large cup per 60 birds Water space allowances are as follows for poussin: o Bells 1 bell per 250 birds o Nipples and cups 1 nipple/ cup per 10 to 30 birds depending on manufacturer s recommendations, water pressure and flow rate Birds do not have to travel more than 3m to reach water Drinker height is checked daily and drinkers are positioned and maintained in a way that spillage is minimised Adequate water supply is available right up to depopulation Each house has a water meter and consumption rate is recorded daily Non-mains water is tested every 6 months to ensure it is potable and results Water consumption records Results of tests on non-mains water 9
10 FW.3.1 Upgrad ed FW.4 FW.5 Water systems must be alarmed are recorded Header tanks are covered and hygienically managed; regular cleaning and disinfection of tanks and drinking lines AIM: Animal feed is suitable and traceable STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Feeds must be suitable Feed is palatable i.e. not stale or contaminated Feed only includes feed materials and additives permitted by the Scheme and U and EU law You know the composition of all purchased and home-mixed feed Antibiotic or hormonal growth promoters are not used Feed does not contain meat and bone meal, poultry by-products or tallow Feed must be bought from an assured The following materials are sourced as follows:: Copies of feed source or in specific circumstances with o compounds and blended feed - UFAS, or equivalent warranty a warranty declaration o bagged or sealed compounded or blended feed - from a UFAS merchant declarations and or from a non-ufas merchant if compounded by a UFAS, or equivalent, grain passports if compounder applicable o straights - UFAS, FEMAS, or equivalent; or a farm assured source accompanied by a completed grain passport o Processed food by-products UFAS, FEMAS, or equivalent The following materials are sourced with a completed Warranty Declaration: o farm-to-farm supplies of any home-grown feed or other feeds unexpectedly in surplus o hay and/or straw supplied via forage merchants o roots and vegetable/ fruit which have not been processed beyond basic grading and washing Details of equivalent schemes are given in the relevant appendix 10
11 FW.5.1 R Revised FW.5.2 R Revised FW.6 FW.7 FW.8 It is recommended that minerals, mineral blocks/licks, supplements and milk replacers are from UFAS sources When purchasing feed materials from another farm it is recommended that the supplying farm is a member of a farm assurance scheme Records of all feedstuffs purchased must be kept Grain passport or warranty declaration Records kept for two years Feed delivery At minimum your records contain supplier name, feed type including ingredient composition, date of delivery, quantity and the load or batch number documents/ invoices/ own records AIM: On-farm mixing produces safe animal feed STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING When mixing two or more feed For total mixed rations (TMR) that incorporate forages or moist feeds Home-mixing feed materials together records must be produced on a daily basis, produce a record of the ingredients and records kept for 2 kept quantities and update it when the mix changes years When the mix formulation changes samples must be kept For home mixed compounds, meals or blends based on dry feed ingredients records including ingredients, quantities and mixing dates are kept for every batch mixed Forage only or single feeds mixed with water do not require records Samples of dry feed ingredients (over 3% inclusion) kept For dry mixes, samples of finished feed mix are kept Samples are kept for a minimum of 4 weeks after last use Your feed samples are: o Representative; you have taken lots of small samples from several different points o Of adequate quantity; approx. 0.5kg/ 1lb o Free from contamination o Identifiable; labelled with feed details and date o Stored in a cool, dry area to avoid deterioration 11
12 FW.9 FW.10 FW.11 FW.12 If mixing using pre-mixtures, additives or medicated feeds you must have local authority approval and meet any associated obligations Mobile feed milling and/or mixing contractors must be suitably certified Controls are in place to avoid the risk of contamination of feeds by machinery and equipment Feed additives include substances such as vitamins, trace elements (e.g. copper, zinc) and preservatives Pre-mixtures are mixtures of additives, often including a carrier substance (e.g. limestone) to aid dispersion of the additives in the feed mix You have local authority approval, a HACCP system in place and a Quality Control Plan If you are incorporating medicated feeds you have additional approval from the Veterinary Medicines Directorate Contractors certified to the NAAC Assured Land-Based Contractor Mobile Feed Mixing and Processing Scheme, or scheme deemed equivalent by Red Tractor Mechanised feeding equipment and lorries/trailers/feed boxes used for transporting feed are maintained in a clean condition and are suitable for purpose Local authority approval/ HACCP/ Quality Control Plan/ VMD approval if required Details of contractors NAAC certification if applicable Particular attention is paid to cleaning between batches if feeds contain additives or medication AIM: Feed remains clean, palatable and un-contaminated STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Feed must be stored in a manner that There is evidence that efforts are made to protect feed from contamination minimises the risk of contamination Buildings, bins and lofts protect, as far as possible, against harbouring of domestic animals, wildlife and vermin In feed storage areas lighting is covered unless shatterproof bulbs are used risk of cross-contamination is minimised by keeping different feeds separate medicated feed is kept in separate, clearly labelled, bulk storage or bags Where to find help Industry Code of Practice for On-farm Feeding: pdf Nicarbazin how to reduce nicarbazin residues in chicken: 12
13 AH.1 Revised AH.2 AH.3 ANIMAL HEALTH AND WELFARE AIM: Proactive management of the health and welfare of all birds through planning and reviewing STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING A Health Plan to proactively improve The plan: Health Plan health and welfare of birds must be Is specific to a farm or group of farms under same company s control established and implemented Is prepared and reviewed by a vet Is reviewed annually or more often in the event of substantial changes to husbandry practices or poor enterprise performance Contains a strategy for the prevention and control of common diseases Sets out health and husbandry procedures covering the whole of the production cycle/ year Sets out a vaccination programme, which is tailored to the needs of the farm Records of the health and performance of all birds must be maintained Health and performance must be reviewed regularly Is available to all members of staff who have responsibility for birds Records are present for current and previous flocks Records are up-to-date Records detail: o Number of day-old chicks delivered o Date chicks delivered o Origin of flock (hatchery, breeder flock) o Breed o Daily mortality rate and cumulative daily mortality rate, including culls o Date of sale, number sold and average weight o Litter used o Any problems or extraordinary events o Incidence of disease o Post-mortem records o Levels of P.M.I. rejections o Veterinary advice Regular review of records to identify key issues Tolerance limits are in place Mortality should not exceed 5% Health and performance records 13
14 AH.3.1 AH.4 AH.4.1 R AH.5 AH.5.1 AH.6 P.M.I rejections should not exceed 1.5% If tolerance limits are exceeded veterinary advice is sought Flocks must be tested within three Tests are carried out in a Government authorised laboratory Tests results weeks of any slaughter (ideally Confirmed infected flocks are sent for slaughter at the end of the processing retained/ between days old) for plant s daily programme Cleaning and Salmonella Where a flock has been confirmed as infected a written cleaning and disinfection disinfection procedure is implemented procedure AIM: The health and welfare of all birds is being managed STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING The health and welfare of the birds No undetected or unmanaged health or welfare issues must be met at all times It is recommended that environmental enrichment is provided The health and welfare of birds must Regular checks looking for signs of illness, injury and stress Flock inspection be regularly checked Flock inspection is carried out at least twice daily records Chicks are closely monitored on arrival Stockmen walk within 3m of every bird and encourage them to move Records of inspections are made and include observations, problems identified and any remedial action taken Signs of hockburn and pododermatitis must be monitored and recorded Birds must be handled in a way that avoids injury and minimises stress Levels of hockburn should not normally exceed 15% Hockburn and pododermatitis records AH.7 AIM: The health and welfare of all birds is being managed by competent people STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING All staff looking after the health and Staff have skills and knowledge in: welfare of birds must be demonstrably o Normal and abnormal bird behaviour competent o Fear reactions 14
15 AH.8 AH.9 AH.10 All poultry farms must retain the services of a named veterinary surgeon or practice o Signs of good health and poor health and disease o Correct handling of birds o Litter management o Signs of thermal stress in birds and procedures to be followed in event of a problem Checks in place to ensure contractors are competent Aim: Effective and appropriate management of sick and fallen stock STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Sick or injured birds must receive If mortality exceeds 0.3% in a 24 hour period the cause is investigated prompt attention in order that suffering is not prolonged Birds that don t respond to treatment Decision to euthanase made by a trained and competent person or require emergency euthanasia must be promptly and humanely euthanased by a trained and competent person Euthanasia is carried out by dislocation of the neck, a percussion killer recommended by the Humane Slaughter Association (HSA) or another method permitted by legislation and recommended by the HSA Staff that euthanase birds are trained Where to find help Humane Slaughter Association: Mortality records/ Training Record Defra Code of Recommendation for the Welfare of Livestock: Meat Chickens and Breeding Chickens: kscode.pdf FAWC Report on the Welfare of Broiler Chickens: 15
16 BI.1 BI.2 BI.3 Upgraded BI.4 Upgraded BI.5 BI.6 BIOSECURITY AND DISEASE CONTROL AIM: To prevent the spread of disease STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Control measures must be in place to minimise the spread of disease within the farm and between other farms Only essential visitors should have Records should include date, time of arrival, name, organisation, contact Visitor records access to the farm and visitor records number must be kept Visitors certify that they are not suffering any enteric illness and declare recent visits to poultry farms There must be defined biosecure areas on each farm Foot dips must be provided at the entrance to each biosecure area and must be used by all who enter them On entry to a biosecure area all staff and visitors must change into clean boots or use new disposable overshoes A physical barrier footwear system, with dedicated footwear, must be provided at the entrance to each biosecure bird area Entry is refused if the health and welfare of birds could be compromised Biosecure areas include (but are not limited to) each bird area, feed stores, litter stores Defra approved disinfectants are used Disinfectants are used in accordance with manufacturer s instructions Disinfectant solutions used in foot dips are replaced on a prescribed basis and this is recorded Boots are capable of being dipped in foot dips The physical barrier is no less than 30cm high The barrier is removable for washing or a fixed barrier may be used if appropriate drainage allows effective cleansing of the barrier area at the end of the crop A line on the ground is not acceptable The area inside the barrier is considered the biosecure area Staff remove outdoor footwear on the external side of the barrier Staff then put dedicated biosecure footwear on in the internal area of the barrier Provision to be seated whilst changing boots Foot dip records 16
17 BI.7 BI.8 BI.9 BI.10 BI.11 Upgraded BI.12 BI.13 BI.14 BI.15 Hand sanitisers or hand wash facilities must be present within reach of the physical barrier and must be used before entrance and after exit of the biosecure bird area Farm dedicated protective clothing must be supplied to and worn by all staff when on farm. Clothing must be washed or discarded between flocks Toilets and hand washing facilities must be available on farm and must consist of a basin with hot water, bactericidal soap and disposable towels or hand driers The farm must operate a period free of all birds between flock cycles Farm vehicles, including wheels, and equipment must be cleansed and disinfected on entering and leaving the farm The farm must have an area of clean concrete, metalled surface or rolled stone which is large enough for a collection vehicle or feed lorry to stand Permanent standing water must not accumulate on the farm Staff must not keep or have contact with other poultry or any avian species Auxiliary buildings, toilets, offices, stores and break rooms must be kept clean and tidy Hands are washed prior to starting work, after dead bird/chick handling, after meals and after visits to the toilet Effective pressure wash facilities and drains 17
18 BI.16 Smoking and the consumption of food and drink must be restricted to designated areas Designated areas are not within bird areas 18
19 AM.1 AM.2 AM.3 AM.4 ANIMAL MEDICINES AIM: Responsible and competent use of medicines and veterinary treatments STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING All medicines must be authorised for No use of antibiotic growth promoters; anabolic agents, including growthpromoting Approved drugs list use in the U and used appropriately hormonal products; or similar substances, which are illegal Prescription only medicines are labelled by the vet and used in accordance with the prescription An approved drugs list has been compiled by producer, in agreement with a vet list specifies storage, administration, active principle, how much present in each product, withdrawal periods for each drug and should make reference to the correct dosage, duration and circumstances for use Medicines and veterinary treatments must only be administered by demonstrably competent people Non-prescription medicines are used in accordance with manufacturer s instructions or veterinary instructions Training records AIM: Safe, secure and responsible management of medicines STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Medicines must be kept in an Store is a locked cupboard/safe/chest/locked room with restricted access appropriate secure locked store and in Where stored in a domestic fridge a separate container is provided accordance with the manufacturer s instructions Used sharps and medicine containers must be stored safely pending disposal and disposed of responsibly Unbreakable/shatterproof storage containers used Medicines are disposed of in line with manufacturers advice or via a veterinary practice or business with relevant waste transfer license Medicines past their use-by date (earlier of either the printed expiry date or date by which the opened medicine should have been used) are disposed of Medicine disposal records include: o identity of medicine Disposal records should be recorded in the medicine record 19
20 AM.5 AM.6 AM.6.1 New AM.6.2 New Records for all medicines purchased must be kept and retained for five years Records for all medicines administered must be kept and retained for five years Medicine records must provide the total antibiotic (mg active/kg LWt) used for each crop The routine use of fluoroquinolones is not permitted in broiler chicks. The use of 3 rd or 4 th generation cephalosporins is not permitted in broiler chicks at any time and there must be no routine use o date o quantity o route of disposal Medicine purchase records include: Medicine records o identity of medicine o quantity of medicine o date of purchase o name and address of supplier o batch number(s) o expiry date(s) Treatments including vaccinations, anaesthetic, antibiotics and anti-parasite Medicine records control are recorded Vaccinations are recorded either as a separate section within the medicine records or in the Health Plan Medicine administration records include: o identity of medicine o quantity of medicine administered o batch number(s) o identification of the bird or group of birds to which administered o number of birds treated o date of administration o date treatment finished o date when bird becomes fit for human consumption o name of person administering medicine o reason for treatment Nil returns are also recorded Medicine records Routine use relates to the use of antibiotics at day old without a risk based assessment having taken place If fluoroquinolones are used a written recommendation from the vet is in place which: 20 Where applicable, vet recommendation
21 AM.7 AM.8 AM.9 of antibiotics in day old chicks o states there was no suitable alternative antibiotic o confirms that their decision was supported by post-mortem examination and antimicrobial sensitivity testing which were carried out before administration If birds are given medicated feed(s) For integrated/corporate operations the MFSPs may be held centrally by the Medicated Feedingstuff Prescription(s) parent organisation (MFSP) must be retained for 5 years MFSPs if applicable AIM: Prevention of contamination in food STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Birds being treated must be clearly No birds sent to slaughter before full withdrawal period identified and prescribed withdrawal periods followed AIM: Responsible and competent undertaking of husbandry procedures STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Mutilations are not permitted This includes beak trimming, castration etc. Where to find help RUMA Guidelines - Responsible Use of Antimicrobials in Poultry Production: 21
22 FS.1 FS.2 FS.3 FALLEN STOC (FS) Aim : Fallen stock promptly removed, stored and disposed of to prevent environmental contamination and spread of disease STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Fallen stock must be removed Evidence that checks for fallen stock are regularly conducted and any found are promptly from housing/pens/fields promptly removed Carcases of fallen and euthanased Carcases to be stored in locked containers stock must be stored in a manner that protects them from vermin and other animals Carcases must be removed from site promptly by a licensed collector Evidence of collections by a licensed collector Evidence of removal before carcases present an infestation/health risk Collection receipts kept for 2 years Where to find help The Animal By-Products (Enforcement) (England) Regulations 2011: The National Fallen Stock Scheme: 22
23 VC.1 VERMIN CONTROL (VC) Aim : Effective control of birds, rodents, insects and other animals to prevent contamination and food safety risk STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Systems must be in place to control vermin in areas where birds and feed are kept System managed in house by a demonstrably competent person or by external contractor Evidence that control is effective and being managed e.g. there is no evidence of contamination by vermin Written agreement with external contractor VC.2 Bait must be used responsibly Where baits are used a bait plan is in evidence Bait plan Plan includes map/location of bait points, bait used, bait point inspection and replenishment dates Safe positioning of bait; non-target animals do not have access and there is no risk of contamination VC.3 Pets and other animals must not have access to poultry houses and service buildings Where to find help Defra Code of Practice for the Prevention of Rodent infestation on poultry farms: dent.pdf 23
24 EC.1 EC.2 EC.3 EC.4 EC.5 EC.6 EC.7 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND CONTAMINATION CONTROL (EC) AIM: A well maintained farm STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING The farm must be maintained in a No accumulated rubbish, redundant equipment or scrap kept in controlled manner that does not present risks to areas separate from bird/ feed storage areas/ public access food safety, animal welfare or Weeds (and noxious weeds in fields) under control environmental protection AIM: No contamination, pollution or spread of disease risks from any potential contaminants or wastes STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Potential contaminants are stored in a Potential contaminants include (but are not limited to) poultry litter, anaerobic manner that minimises the risk of digestate, agricultural fuel oil, empty containers, paints, preservatives, contamination or pollution disinfectants, baits, lubricants, other chemical products Litter kept in a separate biosecure area Fuel tanks bunded where required by legislation All wastes must be disposed of in a Wastes include (but are not limited to) poultry litter, chemicals, oils and empty Waste Transfer manner that minimises the risk of containers Notes/Receipts contamination or pollution Poultry litter is removed promptly and disposed of appropriately Wastes are not burnt, with the exception of vegetation and untreated wood AIM: Pesticides (including herbicides and insecticides) are suitable for use and are stored and managed in a safe and responsible manner to prevent the risk of contamination and pollution STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Pesticides used must be approved for Approved pesticides in use and manufacturer s instructions followed use in the U Pesticides must be stored in a manner Pesticide store is fit for purpose i.e. well maintained and kept locked that minimises the risk of No contamination of crops, feedstuffs, fertilisers, animals, soils, groundwater or contamination or pollution watercourses Pesticides must be kept in their original Pesticides from broken packaging transferred to a suitable container with a packaging fitted lid/ cap and displaying original label information Emergency facilities for dealing with Emergency facilities include sand/absorbent granules/an adequate sump chemical spillages must be in place AIM: Pesticides (including herbicides and insecticides) are correctly applied to land to prevent contamination or pollution STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING 24
25 EC.8 EC.8.1 R New Pesticides must be applied to land in a manner that minimises the risk of contamination or pollution It is recommended that you consider alternative ways of controlling weeds, crop pests and crop diseases Applied to land refers to (but is not limited to) grazing, forage, conservation land, land producing crops for consumption on the farm Not applied in high winds or situations where likely to be drift onto hedgerows, woodland, wetlands, private homes and gardens or public places such as parks and school playgrounds Consideration is given, demonstrated by a completed Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plan IPM refers to (but is not limited to) grazing, forage, conservation land, land producing crops for consumption on the farm IPM plan EC.9 EC.9.1 R New EC.10 EC.11 Revised Spraying must be undertaken by competent operators It is recommended that those who have Grandfather Rights hold relevant certificates of competence Records must be kept for all pesticide applications and retained for minimum of 3 years All pesticide spraying equipment must be maintained and tested Competence is demonstrated by holding NPTC Certificates or by having Grandfather Rights NPTC Certificates If spraying operations are contracted checks are made that certificates of competence are held Sprayer operators include those applying granular/dust pesticides or seed dressing One of the following certificates are held: Certificates of o City & Guilds NPTC Level 2 Award in the Safe Use of Pesticides competence Replacing Grandfather Rights o Level 2 Safe Use of Pesticides Records kept for applications made both by staff and contractors Pesticide records Does not apply to handheld and knapsack sprayers From Nov 2016 evidence that: o boom sprayers are tested once every 5 years (unless they are less than 5 years old on that date) o Foggers/ misters/ batch dippers and granular pesticide applicators are tested once every 6 years (unless they are less than 5 years old on that date) Outside contractors also hold valid NSTS certificates or engineers test 25 Sprayer certificates
26 EC.12 R EC.13 EC.14 EC.15 EC.16 EC.17 R certificates It is recommended that pesticide Sprayers are calibrated when changing from one product to another spraying equipment is checked to ensure accurate application AIM: Fertilisers are stored and managed in a safe and responsible manner to prevent the risk of contamination and pollution STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Fertilisers must be stored in a manner Stored where there is no public access and located away from and not visible that minimises the risk of theft from a public highway Checks are made to ensure fertiliser has not been tampered with, moved or stolen Fertilisers must be stored in a manner that minimises the risk of contamination or pollution If a discrepancy or theft is discovered it is reported to the police immediately There is no risk of contamination to crops, feedstuffs, pesticides, animals, soils, groundwater or watercourses Fertiliser is stored at least 10m from a watercourse and at least 50m from a well, spring or borehole AIM: Fertilisers/soil improvement products are suitable for their intended use and applied in a manner that prevents the risk of contamination and pollution STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Only appropriate, safe and suitable fertilisers and soil improvement products must be applied to land Fertilisers and soil improvement products must be applied to land in a manner which minimises the risk of contamination or pollution It is recommended that all equipment used for applying fertiliser or soil Soil improvement products include (but are not limited to) manure, composts, anaerobic digestate (biofertiliser), treated sewage sludge Any material originating outside the holding that is applied to land has agricultural benefit and is permitted for use No untreated animal by-products (e.g. abattoir waste) applied Soil improvement products applied in accordance with appendix and Manure Management Plan Before application factors including NVZ restrictions, soil type, crop requirements, slope, field conditions, weather conditions, surface water, water supplies and abstraction points, even on neighbouring land, are considered Grazing and planting intervals in the appendix are adhered to Staff and contractors have knowledge of high risk areas on farm Applying to land refers to (but is not limited to) grazing, forage, conservation land, land producing crops for consumption on the farm 26 Permits Manure Management Plan
27 improvement products is checked to ensure accurate application Where to find help Environmental Permitting Regulations 2010: Code of Practice for Using Plant Protection Products: Resources/Documents/C/Code_of_Practice_for_using_Plant_Protection_Products_- _Complete20Code.pdf Defra - Protecting our Water, Soil and Air A Code of Good Agricultural Practice for farmers, growers and land managers : cogap pdf 27
28 DE.1 DE.2 DE.3 DE.4 DE.5 DE.6 DE.7 DE.8 DE.9 DE.10 DE.11 DEPOPULATION (DE) Aim: The health and welfare of birds is maintained during depopulation STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING All catching companies are registered with the Red Tractor Poultry Scheme The catching team must be trained to Training includes induction and annual refresher courses Training records minimise bird stress at depopulation Light levels must be kept low during depopulation Vehicles and transport crates must be clean, disinfected and not pose a risk of injury to the birds The person responsible for the birds must be present at depopulation A loading area must be available for the loading of birds for transport and must be clean, tidy and hygienically managed Birds must not be carried by the wings or by the neck Injured or sick birds must not be transported Maximum crate stocking densities must meet legislative requirements Feed must not be withdrawn for more than 9 hours prior to catching Water must be available up to catching Catching curtains are present on main access doors Catching curtains are power washed and disinfected prior to installation Injured or sick birds are humanely culled immediately Mortality records Stocking densities are as follows: o Poultry weighing less than 1.6kg 180 to 200cm 2 /kg o Poultry weighing 1.6kg and over but less than 3kg - 160cm 2 /kg o Poultry weighing 3kg and over but less than 5kg - 115cm 2 /kg o Poultry weighing 5kg and over - 105cm 2 /kg Stocking densities also take into account the physical condition of the birds, weather conditions and journey times 28
29 DE.12 DE.13 New DE.14 New DE.15 New DE.16 New DE.17 New DE.18 R New Birds must be transported in modular systems which must be placed as close as possible to the group being caught Aim: The health and welfare of birds is maintained during depopulation using a mechanical harvester STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING If mechanical harvesting, houses must be entered with minimum disturbance to the birds If mechanical harvesting, the machine operator must be able to provide evidence that he has undertaken training for the machine that he is operating and has knowledge of action to be taken in the event of machine failure If mechanical harvesting, the house operators must clear a space in a calm and controlled manner before the machinery enters If mechanical harvesting, birds must be cleared in such a way that they are collected as the machine moves forward and they are not allowed to move behind the vehicle If mechanical harvesting equipment is used it must be serviced and maintained regularly If mechanical harvesting equipment is used it is recommended that the machinery used is capable of clearing around posts Aim: Systems are in place to ensure that risks are minimised during catching STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING 29
30 DE.19 DE.20 DE.21 R DE.22 Revised and Upgrad ed DE.23 DE.24 DE.25 A Standard Operating Procedure is in place for catching which takes into account biosecurity, health and safety, hygiene and bird welfare requirements A nominated member of the catching team is responsible for the catching operation It is recommended that there is a scheduled catching plan The biosecurity portion of the SOP includes particular reference to Campylobacter The plan takes bird weight into consideration and allows sufficient breaks between loads Aim: The biosecure area is maintained during depopulation STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING Catchers must adhere to the farm s Catchers adhere to all of the standards in the BI section of this manual biosecurity policy There must be a system in place for a designated person to inspect forklifts and other catching equipment, including catchers transport, for cleanliness and disinfection with a Defra approved disinfectant prior to entry to the biosecure area Forklifts and other catching equipment, including catchers transport, must be cleaned and disinfected prior to leaving the farm unless it is taken directly to an off-site location to be cleaned and disinfected Clean and tidy facilities must be made available for catchers to use during breaks This includes mechanical harvesting equipment 30
31 PT.1 PT.2 PT.3 PT.4 PT.5 PT.6 PT.7 PT.8 PT.9 PT.10 PT.11 POULTRY TRANSPORT (PT) Aim: Birds are transported safely and compassionately STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING All birds must be transported by transporters registered with the Red Tractor Poultry The haulier must adhere to all current legislation that applies to the transport of birds Each vehicle must carry a written statement of maximum stocking density Mortality during transport must be investigated The driver must be competent and trained in the handling and welfare of poultry All vehicles have a written Emergency Action Plan Drivers have the means of mobile communication with the farm and/or processing plan The time between start of loading and unloading at the processing plant must not exceed 12 hours Journeys must be planned in advance to minimise waiting times Noise during loading and unloading must be kept to a minimum If birds have to be retained on a stationary vehicle action must be taken to prevent heat or cold stress from occurring The statement details the maximum number of birds by weight band to be transported Plan details what procedures should be followed in the case of fire, accident or traffic, contact numbers for breakdown services and processing plants Protection is available for use in the winter months Measures are in place to protect the birds from heat stress in periods of high temperature and humidity 31 Mortality during transport records
32 The adoption of power-ventilated vehicles or a reduction in crate/module stocking density has been considered PT.12 The transporter and modules must be safe and not cause injury to the birds PT.13 The haulier must retain records Records include; Haulage records o Date of movement o Farm of origin and its scheme registration number o Destination o Mortalities o Start of loading and end of loading time o Start of journey and end of journey time o Vehicle identification o Register of complaints and any action taken PT.14 R It is recommended that vehicles are fitted with curtains and a roof unless modules have a solid top or roof Where to find help Welfare of Animals During Transport Poultry: 32
33 SLAUGHTER AND LAIRAGE (SL) Aim: welfare requirements are met during lairage and slaughter STANDARDS HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED RECORD EEPING SL.1 Each processing plant must have a trained Poultry Welfare Officer (PWO) who must oversee the unloading, lairage and slaughter of birds SL.2 Regular checks including a check on arrival must be made on the birds in the lairage to ensure their comfort and safety SL.3 A bird welfare policy must be in place Policy is processing plant specific Policy is implemented Policy covers procedures to safeguard welfare of birds, responsibilities of staff Policy is communicated to relevant staff Updated on an annual basis SL.4 The birds must be placed in lairage as soon as possible SL.5 The lairage must provide protection in Hot, cold and wet weather taken into account adverse weather SL.6 Lairage staff must be trained in the Induction and refresher training provided welfare or birds SL.7 Lairage time must be as short as possible and must not exceed 6 hours SL.8 Birds must be treated humanely before Injured birds are culled immediately on detection slaughter Injured birds are not attached to the line SL.9 SL.10 Processing plants must provide cleaning and sanitation provisions for crates and transporters Managers must ensure that staff have access to, and receive guidance on, all the relevant regulations, guides and All crates should be cleaned and disinfected with a Defra approved disinfectant 33
34 codes listed in the relevant appendix, including these standards SL.11 Shackling must be carried out by trained and competent staff SL.12 Birds must be hung on the shackle line by both legs (CB.SL.12) (CP.SL.12) SL.13 Appropriate measures must be taken For example, the use of a breast bar to prevent wing flapping and head raising before stun SL.14 Appropriate measures must be taken to match the line speed to staff ability to hang birds on the line without causing unnecessary distress to the birds) SL.15 It is recommended that the shackling area uses subdued or blue lighting for electrical stunning) SL.16 Care must be taken to ensure birds Escaped birds are captured immediately cannot escape from the holding/ hanging area or fall from the shackle line SL.17 Contingency plans must be made to If the slaughter line is stopped: deal with occasions when unavoidable delays may occur and it is not possible o birds between the point of shackling and the killer are removed and placed in crates to process birds o birds which have already been stunned are humanely killed SL.18 A system must be in place to monitor hockburn incidence, pododermatitis and dead-on-arrivals SL.19 Processing plants must provide documented performance parameters for stunning, line and slaughter equipment SL.20 Procedures must be available for Procedures are documented Procedures 34
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text: The Annual Infertility Prayer Service for those couples struggling with infertility will be held on April 25, 2019 at 7 p.m. at Saint Mary Cathedral in Austin. Sarah's Hope & Abraham's Promise of the Rabboni Institute for Learning & Healing and the Saint Mary Cathedral Knights of Columbus invite all to attend and join with these couples in prayer. A reception will be held immediately following. Contact email@example.com or call (512) 736-7334 for more information. RSVP at www.infertilityprayerservice2019.eventbrite.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
AFRIMS' 1st MRR Project
Scope of Work: J&J's Construction Division was awarded a task order under our Medical Repair and Renewal (MRR) MATOC through USACE–Huntsville Center to replace cage washers in Building 5 Vet–Med at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command (USAMRMC), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS) – Bangkok, Thailand.
Our team was responsible for demolishing and removing two (2) existing rack/cage washers and installing two (2) NEW cage washers, which are CRITICAL to the operation of the primate colony at AFRIMS.
- Design & Construction: included assessment of the overall integrity and condition of the existing floors/subfloors and concrete slabs; reinforcement and upgrade to support new machines; and temporary construction to separate the construction zones from other surrounding sensitive clinical vivarium and administrative spaces.
- Structural Work: included reinforcing steel, structural beams, and structural concrete.
- Incidental Work: included replacing exhaust hoods, roof ventilators and other mechanical, plumbing, and electrical work for the new rack/cage washers, including new 50amp feeds and disconnects.
Impressive Results: This was AFRIMS' First MRR project. J&J successfully installed the new cage–washer equipment without interruption to the overall vet–med operations, while achieving the targeted Beneficial Occupancy Date (BOD). The installed machines also helped the facility pass their Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) inspection in February of 2018.


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THE GOALS OF THE CITY OF SKOPJE RELATED TO THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION To strengthen the role of Skopje as the capital of the Republic of Macedonia, in the process of the country's integration into the European Union;To strengthen the position of the City of Skopje as an important national and regional center;To strengthen the image of an "Open City"All the relations, contacts and cooperation that the City of Skopje has with a large number of cities worldwide are due to the fact that after the disastrous earthquake in 1963, it has become a city of international solidarity. The greatest part of the sister cities and the signed protocols for collaboration date back to 1963. Ever since the time time up to now, the City of Skopje has managed to maintain great number of these contacts and also to establish new relationships and new types of cooperation. Today, Skopje has 20 sister cities and has established friendly relationships and cooperation with more than 50 cities from all over the world.The International Cooperation of the City of Skopje is carried out in three ways:COOPERATION ON THE BASIS OF TWINNING COOPERATION ON THE BASIS OF PROTOCOL OR ON THE GROUNDS OF COOPERATION PROGRAMCOOPERATION ON THE BASIS OF CONTACT THAT HAS BEEN MADE International Networks and Associations in which the City of Skopje is a member
International Networks and Associations in which the City of Skopje is a member
© GRAD SKOPJE - 2006 - 2009, All rights reserved, www.skopje.gov.mk


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The Classy Men Yellow Sunglasses are a great and fancy addition to any casual outfit. Yellow lenses and a classic pilot frame create a cool and trendy combination that adds a cool twist to your look. Lightweight material makes these yellow-tinted shades comfortable to wear on a daily basis.
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Events for March 31, 2019 › News
Events Search and Views Navigation
10:30 am
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Hey guys and welcome! Today we bring you another great Kelley show just for you. We're sure you don't want to miss it and that you're anxious to watch it, so sit back and watch her great act. Once again we guarantee you that Kelley will rock your world.
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text: Weekend - Hazel by Slumberland Records published on 2011-08-16T04:45:47Z After spending the bulk of the past year on the road in support of last November's excellent "Sports" LP on Slumberland Records, Weekend have also been hard at work on their followup record. Prior to their European tour in July, the band spent three weeks in the studio with producer Monte Vallier crafting their new EP, simply titled "Red." Prepare yourself for yet another gorgeous, violent sonic assault, because this EP packs a serious punch. Opener "Sweet Sixteen" is mesmerizing grind, stately bass and drums underpinned by soaring vocals and echoed shards of guitar feedback and plucked notes. This leads directly into the noise-pop gem that is "Hazel" -- 3:50 of cascading bass chords, guitar clangor and a melody and chorus most pop bands would kill for. Amazing. "Your Own Nothing" is clattering piece of post-punk, spiked with layers of guitar noise and a dubbed-out atmosphere. "The One You Want" is a rather more straight-forward tune in the manner of "Hazel" and further proof that Weekend can craft melodies just as well as they can innovate with guitar textures and dazzle with sonic overload. The EP concludes with "Golfers," a song that downshifts into an extended minimal intro before building to a gorgeous crescendo of rumbling drums, chiming/fizzing guitars and as always that unerring sense of melody that Weekend always have in even the most noise-laden tunes. "Red" is an excellent EP that packs more ideas into 5 songs than a lot of bands do into a whole record, and points the way forward towards Weekend's next long-player, due in 2012. Be sure to catch them on tour throughout September with Talk Normal. Genre Post Punk Comment by Diego 1st Song Music Fantastic sound!! Love it :) 2017-04-13T05:14:03Z Comment by Rihter Kill me 2016-10-25T20:03:56Z Comment by potvorrra Аааа шикарно просто*** 2015-04-29T15:29:42Z Comment by Nik Farr Love this for the intro alone... So great! 2014-01-02T00:11:02Z Comment by Zkrat Great work with the drums, reminds me of Joy Division 2013-12-06T22:14:27Z Comment by Vincenzo Micale Great sound 2013-10-16T14:27:24Z Comment by Nur.Spiri niiiiice 2013-08-08T17:18:22Z Comment by B1 FM Love the bass!!! 2013-06-18T20:48:57Z Comment by malovan genial comienzo 2013-04-24T18:32:07Z Comment by jima0720 nice intro 2013-04-12T23:00:16Z Comment by Women In Combat Great song. Nailed it. 2013-02-02T21:49:45Z Comment by mushino's audio dustbin nice song was waiting for the vocals, perfect :) 2013-01-11T21:05:01Z Comment by amcaat Sick! Lovely! Sick! 2012-11-25T11:33:50Z Comment by TArrowsmith My daughter is a redhead named Hazel. She is almost 3 years old. She will love this track! 2011-12-15T22:44:44Z Comment by Benjamin Corbel Come to Paris ! 2011-12-05T02:46:18Z Comment by Benjamin Corbel Cool ! 2011-12-05T02:39:13Z Comment by ankyo Nive!! 2011-11-26T13:10:44Z Comment by The Stormtroopers This tune is so awesome... Read our review here: http://www.thestormtroopers.net/2011/11/weekend.html 2011-11-18T10:38:40Z Comment by charloc @charloc: but I cant feel this kind 2011-11-03T16:23:03Z Comment by charloc I mean...cool!? 2011-11-03T16:20:54Z Comment by charloc ouch!my head hit 2011-11-03T16:19:51Z Comment by abelitoart slappa da BASS!!!!!!! 2011-10-26T18:02:19Z Comment by catzo Great track. I'm hearing a little Jawbox here... 2011-09-16T16:03:29Z Comment by EstimateU My daughter Hazel likes this song. We heard it last weekend on Sirius radio. 2011-08-24T16:07:42Z Comment by konstk Great song! 2011-08-24T09:00:29Z Comment by Autocrat Great song but PLEASE keep your lo-fi-ness Weekend. One cannot describe the joy of knowing there is an amazingly beautiful song somewhere within the noisefuzz. Keep that Sports delay/reverb on your voice too! 2011-08-23T20:13:49Z Comment by tastybite Very nice. 2011-08-20T07:31:48Z Comment by andrirahadi EPIC!! 2011-08-19T12:19:00Z Comment by Click & Dagger What the fuck did you guys listen to growing up? (PS, LOVE THIS!) 2011-08-19T02:01:09Z Comment by MarsWalta This song makes me wanna plug my guitar and abuse delay and reverb for hours. Kudos! 2011-08-18T18:47:34Z


text:
Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me Around
Ain't gonna let nobody/ Turn me around! Turn me around! Turn me around! Ain't gonna let nobody turn me around/ I'm gonna keep on a - walkin' keep on a - talkin'/Marchin' down to freedom's land!
This freedom song sung during Selma and other marked points of the Civil Rights Movement, was an act of defiance. It represented a unified body of people, surrounded by hatred, prejudice and fierce opposition, cutting though with courage. The emotional and stirring song encouraged the people of Selma to keep fighting.


text:
A modern English translation of the Māori text
Victoria, the Queen of England, in her concern to protect the chiefs and the subtribes of New Zealand and in her desire to preserve their chieftainship and their lands to them and to maintain peace and good order considers it just to appoint an administrator one who will negotiate with the people of New Zealand to the end that their chiefs will agree to the Queen's Government being established over all parts of this land and (adjoining) islands and also because there are many of her subjects already living on this land and others yet to come. So the Queen desires to establish a government so that no evil will come to Maori and European living in a state of lawlessness. So the Queen has appointed "me, William Hobson a Captain" in the Royal Navy to be Governor for all parts of New Zealand (both those) shortly to be received by the Queen and (those) to be received hereafter and presents to the chiefs of the Confederation chiefs of the subtribes of New Zealand and other chiefs these laws set out here.
Ko te Tuatahi [Article 1]
The Chiefs of the Confederation and all the Chiefs who have not joined that Confederation give absolutely to the Queen of England for ever the complete government over their land.
Ko te Tuarua [Article 2]
The Queen of England agrees to protect the chiefs, the subtribes and all the people of New Zealand in the unqualified exercise of their chieftainship over their lands, villages and all their treasures. But on the other hand the Chiefs of the Confederation and all the Chiefs will sell land to the Queen at a price agreed to by the person owning it and by the person buying it (the latter being) appointed by the Queen as her purchase agent.
Ko te Tuatoru [Article 3]
For this agreed arrangement therefore concerning the Government of the Queen, the Queen of England will protect all the ordinary people of New Zealand and will give them the same rights and duties of citizenship as the people of England.
So we, the Chiefs of the Confederation of the subtribes of New Zealand meeting here at Waitangi having seen the shape of these words which we accept and agree to record our names and our marks thus. Was done at Waitangi on the sixth of February in the year of our Lord 1840.
Modern rendering/translation of Maori Treaty text by Sir I. H. Kawharu, http://www.tiritiowaitangi.govt.nz, 2009 (used with permission).