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https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/issue/feed Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 2019-03-08T15:57:25+00:00 Dr Eli Pradhan firstname.lastname@example.com Open Journal Systems
Official journal of the Nepal Ophthalmic Society. Full text articles available here and on the journal's own website.

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology does NOT charge authors for article submission and processing fees.

Articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND).

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology is included on DOAJ.
 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/23011 Pain in and Around the Eye: How Big is the Problem? 2019-03-08T15:57:02+00:00 Balkrishna Bhattarai firstname.lastname@example.com Badri Prasad Badhu firstname.lastname@example.com
Not available.
 2018-12-03T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/23010 Qualitative Research: A way of Listening to Patients 2019-03-08T15:57:03+00:00 Sailaj Ranjitkar email@example.com
Not available.
 2018-12-03T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/23012 Outcomes of Silicone Oil Removal in Complex Retinal Detachment 2019-03-08T15:57:04+00:00 Ritesh Shah firstname.lastname@example.com Raghunandan Byanju firstname.lastname@example.com Sangita Pradhan firstname.lastname@example.com
Introduction: Pars plana vitrectomy in combination with intraocular tamponade with silicone oil is a standard technique in the treatment of complex retinal detachment. Although the use of silicone oil has improved the results of retinal detachment surgery, its removal is recommended due to the ocular complications related to its long term use. However, retinal redetachment can occur after silicone oil removal.

Objective: To evaluate the anatomical and visual outcome after silicone oil removal (SOR) in eyes with complicated retinal detachment.

Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 64 eyes of 64 consecutive patients of silicone oil removal over a period of 12 months. All eyes had undergone standard 3 ports pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil placement for complicated retinal detachment. Cases that completed at least 1 month follow up duration after SOR were included in the study. Anatomical success after SOR was achieved in 56 of 64 eyes (87.5%). Seven of 8 redetachments (87.5%) were seen in eyes with silicone oil tamponade duration of less than 6 months. Visual acuity improved or was stabilized in 49 of 64 eyes (76.6%). Using paired T-test, it was found that there was no significant difference in pre and post SOR visual acuity. Postoperative ocular hypertension, corneal decompensation, band shaped keratopathy and hypotony was observed in 9.4%, 4.7%, 6.4% and 21.9% respectively.

Conclusion: Although there was no significant improvement in visual acuity, redetachment and complication rates were comparable to other studies. The duration of endotamponade was not significantly associated with the redetachment rate. Key words: Silicone oil removal, Redetachment, Visual outcome, Keratopathy, ocular hypertension.
 2018-12-03T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/23014 Assessment of Antimicrobial Prescribing Pattern in the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Uttar Pradesh, India 2019-03-08T15:57:06+00:00 Amit Kumar Jain firstname.lastname@example.com Shahzar Naimi firstname.lastname@example.com Seema Jain email@example.com
Introduction: Assessment of prescribing pattern at regular interval is essential to avoid inappropriate use of drugs, especially of antimicrobial drugs.

Objectives: The present study was performed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antimicrobial drugs in the Ophthalmology Out-Patient Department (OPD) of Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, India.

Material and method: The present study included a total 600 prescriptions of patients attending OPD. A structured proforma was used to record all necessary information of each patient including demographic profi le of patient, diagnosis, total number of drugs and antimicrobials prescribed, group of antimicrobial prescribed, the percentage of antimicrobials prescribed by generic name etc.

Results: Total 600 prescriptions were evaluated. Mean age of the study subjects was 28.4 ± 15.05 years. Total 720 antimicrobials were prescribed and the average number of antimicrobial drugs per prescription was 1.2. Fluoroquinolones were most commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs followed by aminoglycosides and macrolides. 85% of drugs were prescribed in the form of eye drops while 15% were in the form of an ointment. 1.2% of antimicrobial drugs were prescribed by generic names. Out of total antimicrobials drugs, 420 drugs were in the form of fi xed dose combination. Only 1.6% of drugs were prescribed from National Essential Medicines List (NEML) 2015, India.

Conclusion: Most of the antimicrobials were prescribed by brand names which require important consideration to promote rational use of antimicrobial drugs. In addition, the number of drugs prescribed from NEML was very less, indicating the need of sensitization among prescribers for the promotion of rational use of drugs
 2018-12-03T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/19472 Etiologies of Optic Disc Edema in Tertiary Eye Care Centre in Nepal 2019-03-08T15:57:07+00:00 Keepa Vaidya firstname.lastname@example.com Sanjeeb Bhandari firstname.lastname@example.com Reeta Gurung firstname.lastname@example.com
Introduction: Optic disc edema is a common clinical finding that can be caused by benign to vision and or life-threatening conditions.

Objective: To investigate the etiologies of optic disc edema among patients presenting to Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with optic disc edema presenting to Neuro-ophthalmology department of Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology from May 2012 to May 2014, was made.

Results: 98 patients were diagnosed with disc edema. Females (64%) were frequently affected. It was noted more in the 21 – 50 age groups. Papilledema was the most frequent cause (35.7%) of disc edema followed by papillitis (28.6%), pseudopapilledma (18.4%) and ischemia (17.3%), respectively. Brain tumors (13%) were the most common etiology for papilledema.

Conclusion: Papilledema along with other causes, are common etiologies for disc edema. A detailed history and careful evaluation are necessary as the treatment strategy highly depends on it's underlying etiologies.
 2018-12-03T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/18574 Management of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia with Topical and Intralesional Interferon Alpha 2B in Mexicans 2019-03-08T15:57:09+00:00 Ángel Nava-Castañeda email@example.com Joaquín Hernández-Orgaz firstname.lastname@example.com Lilia Garnica-Hayashi firstname.lastname@example.com Alberto Ansart firstname.lastname@example.com Gonzalo Matus firstname.lastname@example.com José Luis Tovilla-Canales firstname.lastname@example.com Francisca Zuazo email@example.com
Introduction: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common nonpigmented ocular surface neoplasm and it can originate from the conjunctiva and/ or corneal epithelium. Since the rate of recurrence after surgical excision is high, chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents such as interferon alpha-2b (IFN α-2b) have been used for its treatment.

Objective: Our objective is to describe the demographic variables of patients with OSSN treated with IFN α-2b and to describe the outcomes of its use in Mexican patients, treated between 2011 and 2017 at Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana.

Materials and Methods: This is a non-randomized retrospective interventional case series. We reviewed the files of patients older than 18 years, with clinical and/or histopathological diagnosis of OSSN, treated with IFN α-2b alone or in combination with surgery, with a minimum of 6 months follow-up. We studied demographic variables, such as gender, age, eye affected and associated risks factors; we also studied the type of therapy with interferon (topical, intralesional and/or associated with surgery), time of treatment, time of follow up, recurrences and complications.

Results: A total of 39 patients were included. The mean age of diagnosis was 61 ± 16 years and OSSN was more frequent in males (64.1% of cases). Most of the cases (43.6%) had no identifiable risk factors. The mean time of IFN α-2b treatment was 5 ± 2 months, being higher in the intralesional group (6.5 months) than in the topical group (4.2 months). The clinical resolution with the use of IFN α-2b was evidenced between 0.5 and 10 months, being achieved in 87.1% of the patients.

Conclusions: The use of IFN α-2b is effective for the treatment of OSSN with a high success rate (87.1%) and a low incidence of relapse (5 cases), with no reported complications during follow up.
 2018-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/18832 Anatomical and Visual Outcome of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Managed with Scleral Buckling at a Tertiary Eye Centre in Nepal 2019-03-08T15:57:10+00:00 Roshija Khanal Rijal firstname.lastname@example.com Raghunandan Byanju email@example.com Araniko Pandey email@example.com Deepesh Mourya email@example.com
Objective: To study the anatomical status and visual outcome of scleral buckling surgery in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) at tertiary eye care center in Nepal.

Method: This is a prospective, noncomparative, consecutive, interventional study of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment managed with scleral buckling surgery performed in Lumbini Eye Institute, Nepal. All the patients underwent surgery by a single experienced surgeon and had at least 3 months follow up.

Result: A total of 50 patients (50 eyes) were operated, 38 males and 12 females, with a mean age of 39.46. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 46 (92%). Improved best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was seen in 84%, whereas in 8% BCVA was same and deteriorated in another 8%.

Conclusion: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is one of the common causes of visual impairment and blindness. Timely surgical management with scleral buckling surgery can give good anatomical and visual outcome.
 2018-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/23025 Correlation of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness and Visual Evoked Potential in Optic Neuritis in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre 2019-03-08T15:57:12+00:00 Manita Sunam Godar email@example.com Ananda Kumar Sharma email@example.com Madhu Thapa email@example.com Sanjeeta Sitaula email@example.com Nita Sunam Gamal email@example.com Laxmi Devi Manandhar email@example.com
Introduction: Optic neuritis (ON) is the involvement of the optic nerve as a result of inflammation, demyelination or infection.

Objective: To study the correlation between peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFL) and visual evoked potential (VEP) in ON cases.

Materials and Method: A non-interventional, descriptive, cross sectional study enrolling 66 eyes of 49 patients with ON was done. pRNFL thickness was measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and VEP was also done. OCT and VEP findings were compared with the control group. In addition correlation between pRNFL thickness and VEP was done.

Results: The mean pRNFL in affected eyes were significantly higher than the control superiorly (p-value<0.001), inferiorly (p-value <0.001), temporally (p-value 0.005) and nasally (p-value <0.001). The mean P100 latency in the affected eyes were significantly prolonged than the control eyes both at 1º (p-value<0.001) and at 15' (p-value=0.05). The mean N75-P100 amplitude in the affected eyes were significantly reduced than the control eyes both at 1º (p-value<0.001) and at 15' (p-value<0.001). The mean pRNFL thickness in all four quadrants and VEP findings of the affected eyes showed no significant correlation.

Conclusion: The increased thickness in non-myelinated pRNFL has no correlation with the increased latency or decreased amplitude in cases of ON. However, OCT is seen as a useful tool in detecting and quantifying even subtle pRNFL changes in cases of optic neuritis.
 2019-03-07T16:37:18+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/19185 Comparative Study of Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) and Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS): Experience on Cataract Surgery in a Tertiary Center of Army Hospital, Kathmandu 2019-03-08T15:57:13+00:00 Sagar Rajkarnikar email@example.com Dhan Bahadur Shrestha email@example.com Sachit Dhakal firstname.lastname@example.com Ram Shrestha firstname.lastname@example.com Kamala Thapa email@example.com Anu Gurung email@example.com
Introduction: Cataract is a common ailment of the old age hindering daily activities leading to poor quality of life due to poor vision. It is the commonest cause of treatable blindness. In practice, extracapsular cataract excision and small incision cataract surgery are the two-common surgery for cataract these days in developing part like in Nepal. Between these two cataract surgeries, ECCE and SICS; SICS gives the better visual outcome.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out including 286 eyes which were operated either by conventional extracapsular cataract extraction or small-incision cataract surgery. The patient's demographics, preoperative vision, postoperative parameters/variables were studied from the patient's record keeping. The postoperative visual outcome and complications were compared in both groups at the immediate post-operative period and at 8 weeks follow up period.

Result: Among the total 286 cases, 138 underwent ECCE and 148 underwent SICS. 145 (50.6%) were right eye, 141 (49.3%) were left eye. Among total operated cases, 123 (43%) were mature cataract, 97 (33.9%) immature cataract, 66 (23.1%) hyper-mature cataract. In 172 cases (60.1%) there was a good vision, in 104 cases (36.4%) it was borderline while in rest 10 (3.5%) cases it was poor on the 60th postoperative day. There was the better visual outcome (≥6/18) with SICS (78.3%) than ECCE (40.5%) (p<0.001) on the 60th post-operative day. Among cases undergoing SICS the complications were less than ECCE. (p<0.001, OR=5.72 (2.10-15.51)).

Conclusion: This study supports that SICS is safer than ECCE with less complication rate and better visual outcome in short term observation.
 2018-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/20464 Endocannabinoid System and Ocular Vascularization 2019-03-08T15:57:14+00:00 Raluca Iancu firstname.lastname@example.com Ioana-Cristina Coman email@example.com Cosmina Barac firstname.lastname@example.com Mohammad Al Hammoud firstname.lastname@example.com Alina Popa Cherecheanu firstname.lastname@example.com
The focus of this review is the role of endocannabinoid system in ocular and systemic circulation. By critically examining preclinical and clinical research, we explore the cannabinoid receptors localization and vascular implications as well as their interaction with other anti-inflammatory drugs. The objective is to transfer knowledge on the use of cannabinoids, specifically their effect on ocular circulation and intraocular pressure, and provide a better understanding of the endocannabinoid system complexity in modulating local and systemic circulations in order to identify potential uses and limitations of cannabinoid-based therapeutics.
 2018-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/23028 Chronic Discharging Sinus of Upper Lid Due to the Missed Wooden Foreign Body 2019-03-08T15:57:16+00:00 Anupam Singh firstname.lastname@example.com Madhubari Vathulya firstname.lastname@example.com S. K. Mittal email@example.com Ajai Agrawal firstname.lastname@example.com Barun Kumar email@example.com Athul S Puthalath email@example.com Mahsa Jamil firstname.lastname@example.com
Background: Foreign bodies of the orbit can have a diverse range of clinical presentations, which may be perplexing to the most Ophthalmologists. Wooden foreign bodies can remain quiescent for a long time, before presenting with various complications. We report a case of Post-traumatic chronic non-healing discharging sinus in the left upper lid, which on exploration revealed the presence of the missed wooden foreign body.

Case: A 48-year-old male, presented to Ophthalmic OPD with a complaint of discharge from the left upper eyelid for 18 months. The patient had a history of minor trauma to the left upper eyelid while collecting wood in the forest, 18 months back. The patient was misdiagnosed on previous examinations elsewhere. The diagnosis of retained wooden foreign body was made at our center and surgical exploration was done to remove the same.

Observation: On clinical examination, there was a 2-3mm long sinus in the left upper eyelid with purulent discharge and granulation tissue. Surrounding skin showed hyperpigmentation and excoriation. CT scan orbit was inconclusive. MRI orbit revealed a peripherally enhancing extraconal/conal collection in the left orbit with a central hypo intense structure suggestive of a foreign body. Surgical exploration of the wound was done and a small wooden foreign body measuring 9mm was removed with excision of the sinus tract.

Conclusion: A history of trauma followed by chronic discharging sinus should evoke suspicion of a retained foreign body. Prompt imaging, followed by surgical exploration should be done to prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate management.
 2018-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/23029 'Double Bubble' Technique for Successful Reattachment of Total Descemet Membrane Detachment after Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty 2019-03-08T15:57:17+00:00 Jeewan S. Titiyal email@example.com Manpreet Kaur email@example.com Sana Tinwala email@example.com Ruchita Falera email@example.com
Background: A double anterior chamber may be observed after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and the management may be difficult especially in cases with a total descemet membrane detachment (DMD).

Case Observations: We describe a novel "reverse double bubble" surgical technique for safe and effective reattachment of total DMD following DALK. Total DMD with air bubble in the interface was noted on the first postoperative day following DALK for healed keratitis. Intracameral air was injected via a 30-gauge needle inserted through a partial thickness MVR entry made at the posterior limbus, without disturbing the interface air-bubble. During this maneuver, the interface bubble did not change in size and moved towards the centre. The two distinct air bubbles, one in interface and other in anterior chamber indicated that air injection was in the anterior chamber, as per the reverse double bubble technique. The interface air bubble was removed by gently milking with an iris repositor towards the end of surgery. Thus, successful reattachment of DM was achieved despite difficult assessment of the plane of injection with the DM lying fl at on the surface of the iris.

Conclusion: The reverse double bubble technique aids in the safe and successful reattachment of total DMD following intraocular surgeries.
 2018-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/23030 Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Signs of Local Dilatation Effect of a Micro-Stent on Schlemm's Canal 2019-03-08T15:57:19+00:00 Kevin Gillmann firstname.lastname@example.com Giorgio Enrico Bravetti firstname.lastname@example.com Kaweh Mansouri firstname.lastname@example.com André Mermoud email@example.com
Introduction: The iStent inject® (Glaukos Corporation, CA, USA) is a relatively new device designed to be implanted ab-interno through the trabecular meshwork. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first in-vivo description of a trabecular bypass device visualised with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and report of its structural effect on Schlemm's canal.

Case Report: A 74 year-old female patient suffering from long-standing primary open-angle glaucoma and nuclear sclerosis underwent cataract surgery combined with the implantation of two iStent injects®. Surgery was uncomplicated and achieved intraocular pressure (-1 mmHg) and medication (-2 molecules) reduction at 6 months. Under AS-OCT (Spectralis OCT, Heidelberg Engineering AG, Germany) the stent appears as a 300 μm long hyper reflective hollow device within the trabecular meshwork. Approximately a third of it protruded into the anterior chamber. Profound OCT signal loss was notable within the shadow of the device. A second AS-OCT section 500 μm beside the microstent shows a markedly dilated Schlemm's canal, with a major diameter of 390 μm.

Discussions: This report confirms that AS-OCT is a suitable technique to assess microstent positioning, and provides a first report on the in-vivo appearance of a functioning stent. It also indicates that iStent injects® could have a tangible effect on adjacent portions of Schlemm's canal with, in this case, a 220% increase in canal diameter compared to the observed average (122 μm). This suggests the IOP-lowering effect of trabecular bypass devices could rely on a dual mechanism involving Schlemm's canal dilatation.
 2018-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/23031 A Case of Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty in a failed Penetrating Keratoplasty 2019-03-08T15:57:21+00:00 Sanjay Kumar Singh firstname.lastname@example.com Reena Yadav firstname.lastname@example.com Ashmita Sharma firstname.lastname@example.com
Background: Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is an evolving option for failed penetrating keratoplasty (PK) as it has shown promising results compared to repeat PK.

Case description: A 22 years young gentleman presented with gradual diminution of vision in the left eye (LE) for six months following therapeutic PK for a perforated fungal corneal ulcer. His best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 6/60 in LE. Slit-lamp examination of LE revealed circumcorneal congestion with full thickness corneal graft with micro and macrobullae, diffuse stromal edema, DM folds and seven well-buried sutures. Intraocular pressure was 20 mmHg in the right eye whereas it could not be assessed in the left eye. The diagnosis of LE failed PK was made and the patient underwent DMEK. At four months postoperative follow up visit, BSCVA improved to 6/9. This is the first reported case of DMEK after a failed PK in a young patient from Nepal which was successfully treated without any complications.

Conclusion: DMEK has a higher potential for better visual rehabilitation compared to DSEK and PK. It has also proved its efficacy in the treatment of endothelial graft failure following PK as it is a less invasive procedure.
 2018-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/19951 Cerebral Artery Aneurysm Masquerading as Ptosis in a Child 2019-03-08T15:57:22+00:00 Sanket Parajuli firstname.lastname@example.com Pooja Shrestha email@example.com Sunita Koirala email@example.com
An 8-year-old female presented to Eye OPD of Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, with drooping of the right upper lid and inability to move right eye ball since 3 days. She had no history of trauma or fall injury. On ocular examination, visual acuity was 6/6 on both eyes and there was severe ptosis on the right eye in which eyeball remained abducted with restriction of ocular motility on all gazes. The pupil was dilated and 6mm on the right eye in room light. Posterior segment examination was normal. MRI angiography was done which revealed a right Posterior cerebral artery aneurysm.
 2018-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/20031 Traumatic Luxation of the Eye Ball with Optic Nerve Transection Following Road Traffic Accident: Report of Two Cases and Brief Review of Literature 2019-03-08T15:57:23+00:00 Narayani Roka firstname.lastname@example.com Yam Bahadur Roka email@example.com
Background: Traumatic luxation of the eye ball is rare with only 106 cases reported in PubMed till date. The anatomic location of the eyeball within the socket and the resilience of the globe to pressure force, attachment to extraocular muscles and optic nerve prevents luxation during trauma.

Case: Road traffic accidents (RTA) is the most common cause for these injuries and the outcome can vary from complete recovery on repositioning to visual loss due to globe perforation or optic nerve injury. We report two unique cases of traumatic right globe luxation and complete optic nerve transection due to RTA and give a brief review of literature.

Conclusion: RTA leading to eye ball luxation though rare can be a challenging situation when encountered. Given the limited time for the salvage of the eye early intervention is not always possible especially in developing countries where there is delay in reaching the hospital. Despite all these confounding factors attempt must be made to salvage the eye either for functional, cosmetic or psychological reasons.
 2018-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NEPJOPH/article/view/23036 Surgical Management of Live Intraocular Parasite in the Anterior Chamber 2019-03-08T15:57:24+00:00 Anadi Khatri firstname.lastname@example.com Bal Kumar Khatri email@example.com Sweta Singh firstname.lastname@example.com
Not available.
 2018-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement##


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Did Shania Twain have plastic surgery?
The country music star sparked rumors after she made an appearance as a guest mentor on NBC's The Voice! Contestants got an extra-special treat when she helped coaches Adam Levine, Gwen Stefani, Blake Shelton, and Alicia Keys prepare for this week's performances — and the singer looked so different that fans couldn't help but wonder if she went under the knife.
"Holy Botox, what happened to Shania Twain?" one fan tweeted, and other fans gushed over how great the "That Don't Impress Me Much"singer looks at her age — but it might not all be natural.
Shania Twain in 1996 vs. 2017.
MORE: Plastic Surgery? See the Kardashian Family Transform Before Your Eyes
The 51-year-old's face looks a lot fuller and plumper now than it did in her 30s — back in the 1990s when she was the reigning queen of country music. Two leading NYC-based doctors have weighed in with their expert analysis and they exclusively revealed to Life & Style what kind of procedures she could have undergone in order to maintain her youthful appearance.
"Shania's eyebrows have maintained their nice elevated arch, and her forehead looks smooth and natural," NYC dermatologist Dr. Kenneth Mark said, and he credits Botox for her look.
"She appears to have filler under her lower eyelids to maintain her youthful look," NYC-based plastic surgeon Dr. Yoel Shahar observed. "She's also likely had Botox to her crow's feet."
MORE: Did Renée Zellweger Get Plastic Surgery? See Her Transformation!
"Injections of Voluma have seemingly lifted her cheeks. The excellent placement was subtle — avoiding an overly plumped look," Dr. Mark added. "Such a youthful angular jawline points to Ultherapy."
The doctors suggest that Shania had regular Botox and filler injections and also underwent a nonsurgical treatment that uses ultrasound waves to tighten and tone skin.
Either way, the "Still the One" singer looks great at her age — and fans are delighted that they'll be seeing a lot more of her! She made history as the first-ever fifth coach to join The Voice and she's gearing up to debut her first single — from her first studio album in more than a decade — at the Stagecoach Festival later this week.

subset: commoncrawl


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So please, do tell all your gear mates to check us out!
Love the Clejuso handcuffs? I've made a new photo gallery, which will soon have lot's of photos of myself and other lads locked in them…
I should already be on the way to get him… But his train is running extra late… So still time, to get posting them ideas and checking out his past photos!
Check out the full set over at photos.wetsuitlads.co.uk/kevin-01/19-08-2018/
That's the new set of Clejuso handcuffs here already! So you will get to see Kevin locked up in them, very soon indeed!! 🙂
I've just gone and ordered another set of Clejuso handcuffs… Gone for Clejuso, Model No 15 again, but with the short chain this time!


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The Catholic church has launched a new application allowing faithfuls across the world to pray with Pope Francis without necessarily traveling to Vatican City.
This is despite Pope Francis's earlier admission that he was not tech savvy and "terrible" with modern technology.
Send 'NEWS' to 40227 to receive all the important breaking news as it happens
READ ALSO: DusitD2 attackers swallowed drugs to gain courage
READ ALSO: Flamboyant gospel singer Bahati to take first born daughter to lavish school paying KSh 167k per term
Francis launched Catholic's latest application known as Click to Pray on Sunday, January 20, during a church service at St Peter's Square in Vatican City.
The app under Catholic's Worldwide Network of Prayer with the Pope digital platform enables users to know what the Pope is praying for so that they could join him in corporate prayers for issues like world peace and comfort for victims of high magnitude atrocities like terrorism.
"Click to Pray will allow all the faithful to accompany the Pope in a mission for compassion for the world," read a statement on www.clicktopray.org website.
READ ALSO: Atheists boss Harrison Mumia fired by Central Bank of Kenya
Pope Francis leads over 1.3 billion Roman Catholic faithfuls who will now be able to pray together with him courtesy of the new technological advancement by the church.
The pontiff called on faithful world over to pray for 170 victims who drowned in Mediterranean Sea after two boats from Morocco and Libya capsized in two separate incidences in January 2019.
"My heart is with the 170 Mediterranean victims. They were looking for better lives and could have been victims of human trafficking. Let's pray for them and those responsible for the deaths," he said.
Do you have a hot story or scandal you would like us to publish, please reach us through email@example.com or WhatsApp: 0732482690 and Telegram: Tuko news.
United Against Terror | Tuko TV.


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This list includes both key activities and major functionality released through LionPATH. This list will be updated and expanded as activities and functionality continue to be released. Dates on this list are subject to change.
|Software Upgrade
|LionPATH will undergo a full system upgrade that is required to maintain vendor support of the system. Visit the LionPATH Support website for the latest information.
|Student Health Insurance Program
|University Health Services began gathering data on June 8, 2018 about students' health insurance coverage and needs in 2018-2019, in preparation for implementing a requirement for 2019-2020. The LDMO will continue working with UHS on processes and interfaces.
|Batch Job Scheduling
|The LionPATH Development and Maintenance Office (LDMO) is working with key functional offices to plan any changes to batch job scheduling that may be interrupted during any LionPATH outages. We are working toward full utilization of a scheduling system that will allow for jobs to be coordinated and scheduled based on dependencies as appropriate.
|Suspended until after software upgrade on 7/7/19
|Top Ten Time-Consuming Processes
|The LionPATH Executive Committee charged us to gather feedback from system users, describing tasks that they consider to be overly manual, time-consuming, or otherwise painful.
After reviewing and categorizing more than 200 submissions, the "Top Ten" most-cited themes were identified. The Executive and Governance Committees, along with the LDMO staff, focused on delivering improvements that relate to the Top Ten through 2018. From the original list, 31 specific items were identified and approved for work. Seventeen of those (55%) are now part of LionPATH, and another fourteen (45%) are being investigated, worked on, or tested.
The Top Ten list with a short description/explanation and a status update is available to view.
A complete list of the submissions is also available to view.
|Completed for 2018 application cycle
|Early Admission
|The Undergraduate Admissions Office released their application to the public on August 1 to allow applicants to apply "early action" if they wish. Those applicants received a decision before the December 2018 holiday break. Applications and decisions will continue on the rolling basis as they have in the past. Application processing (checking the status of additional required documentation, test scores, etc.) continues in LionPATH.
|Completed for 2018-19
|Early Awarding
|Improvements to the Student Aid Award Summary in LionPATH can be viewed as of January 17, 2019. The Office of Student Aid created a more consolidated estimated financial aid award that makes it easier for students and their families to understand their costs and financial aid options in a more user-friendly presentation, as well as operate better on mobile devices.
More details are available in the news article from the Office of Student Aid.
We are also actively working on the following set of items that currently have no confirmed release date:
- Academic renewal
- Certificate approval enabled in LionPATH


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Advantages Of A Handbook Treadmill
Not sometime ago many fitness experts stated the risks from the unnecessary strains around the muscles and joints produced through fully manual treadmill machines. They'd explain the way it would be a major difficulty to obtain the belt moving, which maintaining a particular pace frequently needed a lot of focus and too. Today, however, which has all transformed and you will find many well-made and occasional-cost treadmill machines running purely around the energy of the baby who's with them.
Manual treadmill machines are simply as able to toning muscles and supplying an excellent cardio workout his or her electronic cousins as lengthy because they are used correctly. Rather than tapping a couple of buttons on the keyboard, however, the manual treadmill user will have to regulate the incline or tension amounts of their equipment by themselves. Although some view this as an adverse factor, the greater producers can handle creating machines that simply transition from level to level without lots of fiddling and work. This can be a major problem of interest for individuals trading inside a treadmill, and really should usually end up being the guiding element in selecting a piece of equipment.


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Pronunciation: "Teh-rah-ray"
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Scott Guyer
Foothill High Santa Ana, CA Class of 2013
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Them Idiots: Whirled Tour
You are watching the movie Them Idiots: Whirled Tour produced in USA belongs in Category Comedy, Documentary with duration 120 Min , broadcast at 123Movie.cx,Director by Ryan Polito,You loved them on the Blue Collar Comedy Tour and now Bill Engvall, Jeff Foxworthy and Larry The Cable Guy have reunited for an all-new comedy special. Filmed live in front of more than 11,000 fans at the Consol Energy Center in Pittsburgh, "Them Idiots Whirled Tour" features the signature humor of three of the most successful comedians in history. From jury duty to family weddings; colonoscopies to the McRib(TM), nothing is off limits in this all new stand-up special. It also includes a brand new encore with the three guys trying to make each other laugh, as only they know how.
Genre: Comedy, Documentary
Actor: Jeff Foxworthy, Bill Engvall, Larry the Cable Guy, Reno Collier
Director: Ryan Polito
Country: USA
Duration: 120 Min
Release: 2012
IMDb: 7.4


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Jumhooree Party (JP) leader Qasim Ibrahim has resigned from the party's Parliamentary Group (PG) leader position.
Qasim announced the decision while speaking at a press conference held at M. Kunooz on Monday, after former defence minister Colonel Mohamed Naazim signed for the party.
Qasim said he resigned from the position because he was elected as the Speaker of Parliament.
He said all the MPs of the party support appointing JP's former deputy leader and Kinbidhoo MP Abdulla Riyaz as the party's new PG leader. The meeting to appoint Riyaz for the position was not held on Monday due to a shortage of time, Qasim said.
The PG leader position of the party has been held by Qasim till date.
Qasim was elected as the parliament speaker with 61 votes after former Speaker Abdulla Maseeh resigned from the position.
The first parliament session since Qasim's appointment was held on Monday.


text:
Brings back the Start menu from Windows 7 and introduces new features, such as the Edge web browser that lets you mark up web pages on your screen.
Powerful quad-core, eight-way processing performance. The Intel Turbo Boost technology delivers dynamic extra power when you need it, while increasing energy efficiency when you don't.
High-bandwidth DDR4 RAM lets you smoothly run your graphics-heavy PC games and video-editing applications as well as numerous programs and browser tabs at the same time.
While offering less storage space than a hard drive, a flash-based SSD has no moving parts, resulting in faster start-up times and data access, no noise, reduced heat production and power draw on the battery.
Backed by 8GB GDDR5 dedicated video memory for a fast, advanced GPU, fuel your games. The NVIDIA Optimus technology optimizes the computer for both graphics performance and power conservation.
The NVIDIA G-SYNC technology synchronizes the refresh rates in compatible monitors to the GPU in your PC, eliminating screen tearing and minimizing display stutter and input lag. Monitor is sold separately.
Discover next-generation VR performance, lower latency and plug-and-play compatibility with leading headsets, driven by NVIDIA VRWorks™ technologies. VR audio, physics and haptics let you hear and feel every moment.
These MSI PC systems are designed for virtual reality applications. From gaming to commercial applications, where tethered cables limit your mobility, VR One unchains you to provide the freedom to move around.
Provide quick plug-and-play connectivity for your devices and accessories.
Connect to wireless frequencies (802.11a/b/g/n/ac) for a faster signal. Killer Networking LAN also lets you plug into wired networks using a USB dongle (included).
Wirelessly transfer photos, music and other media between the desktop and your Bluetooth-enabled cell phone or MP3 player, or connect Bluetooth wireless accessories.
Boosts the audio and voice performance of your gaming computer.
HDMI output for a high-definition monitor or HDTV. One Mini DisplayPort. One microphone jack. One headphone jack.
Note: This computer does not include a built-in DVD/CD drive.
Intel, Pentium, Celeron, Core, Atom, Ultrabook, Intel Inside and the Intel Inside logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.


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Academic Catalog
Term : Summer 2014
Catalog Year : 2013-2014
ANT 270 - Physical Anthropology I: Human OriginsReturn to search
Description: Comparative primate anatomy and behavior, primate and human paleontology, human evolution. 3 hrs. lecture, 3 hrs. lab. Letter grade only. Course fee required.
Units: 4
No sections currently offered.


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Ice cooling offers a viable solution for deep level minesFeb 2, 2012 9:04 am Leave your thoughts
The South African mining industry is currently faced with a number of challenges. The increasing depth of mines, particularly gold mines, combined with constantly increasing energy charges, have presented problems when it comes to cooling the mine working area while maintaining energy efficiency.
Says Russell Hattingh, Engineering Manager at Johnson Controls Systems & Service Africa, "Surface plants are commonly used in mines for bulk air cooling, which involves chilling the air above ground before sending it underground and distributing it in the ventilation network. It is also common practice to produce chilled water on surface and then send it underground for cooling purposes. However, while surface coolers are effective for shallower mines, as mining operations become deeper it becomes more viable to provide cooling closer to the working areas underground, since the cost of pumping, combined with thermal loss, becomes prohibitively expensive."


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How far along? 19 Weeks. Baby is about 6 inches from head to rump. This was a big week because I did the "big 20 week" check up. My co-workers recommended I drink a Mountain Dew right before the appointment to get Leyton to put on a show for us on the ultrasound. He was pretty active…arms up, legs kicked up over his head, and moving around. They checked for healthy lungs, heart, etc and that we still have a boy. 😉 Leyton weights 10 oz right now! In case you missed last week, here's my 18 week report.
Weight gain: 11 lbs at doctor's visit, but I've been sick with allergies lately which has turned into a sinus infection…killing my appetite, so now I've lost a couple of pounds since the appointment.
Maternity clothes? I did the big winter/summer clothes overhaul this past week. I was super sad to pack back up all my super cute summer dresses and short shorts that I can't really wear this year. I feel like my wardrobe will be on repeat a lot this summer so excuse the same outfits over and over again you'll keep seeing.
Stretch marks? No. I did a full review of the Basq products I've been using last week in case you missed it.
Other Body Changes: I'm noticing now that when I bend down to get things while seated, I can feel pressure on my stomach. It probably won't be much longer before I can't bend down as easily to get stuff out of the passenger side floorboard in my car or easily pick up a dropped pen at work.
Sleep: I just can't sleep very well right now because I can't breathe, ha! Poor Eric's sleep isn't the best right now either since I'm loudly trying to breathe, etc.
Best moment this week: It was really cool to see all four heart chambers, moving arms and legs, and a strong profile in the 20 week appointment this week. I'm so thankful that everything went well at the appointment and that Leyton is looking healthy and strong.
Movement: During the ultrasound, my tech said to me, "You really can't feel that?" and sadly I couldn't. She said my placenta is on the front in between Leyton and me so it acts as a pillow (for now) insulating the movements. Due to the placement of the placenta (say that 10x fast!), she said it may take me an extra couple of weeks before I can feel him.
Gender: boy
Symptoms: All sinus-related pretty much this week.
Wedding rings on or off? On
Mood: Tired of being sick, but so grateful for a healthy baby at our 20 week appt!
Looking forward to: Breathing normally again.
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Thales developed the Bushmaster family of protected mobility vehicles to meet the ADFs Project Bushranger requirements for a mine blast protected infantry mobility (armored patrol and combat support) vehicle. The Bushmaster family of high mobility protected vehicles continues to grow with new variants being developed to meet new and expanding roles. These vehicles have a very high level of commonality to minimise logistic support requirements. The newest variant is a protected flatbed logistics vehicle designed for combat support and logistics roles.
Thales has produced more than 500 Bushmasters for the ADF and other customers, and has expanded capacity at its Bendigo facility in Victoria. Thales has exported more than 100 Bushmasters and HMEVs from its Bendigo facility. These highly reliable vehicles have served with distinction in Afghanistan, Iraq and other theatres. Thales provides in-service support services for the ADF Bushmaster fleet, and also supports the international customer vehicle fleets, including the provision of operational support in Afghanistan and Kuwait through international industrial partners.
In addition to the Bushmaster, Thales has also developed and delivered its High Mobility Engineering Vehicle (HMEV) to the Australian Army, the US Army and other customers. The company has also developed protection enhancement kits for the HMEV and a wide range of military earth moving equipment, including bulldozers and graders.
The hull of the Bushmaster is completely of welded steel construction. The bottom of the vehicle is made of V-shaped highly stretchable plates specifically designed to absorb the pressure of an mine explosion. The Bushmaster has a pressure-safe reserve fuel tank that can hold approximately 19 l of fuel. If the main tank is damaged, the vehicle can still drive on the reserve fuel for approximately 50 km.
Several Bushmasters are equipped with interrogation arms for investigating suspect locations/objects more quickly and safely or to carry out identification following detection. The arm includes a camera and a metal detector and can be used for light excavation and movement work. These Bushmasters can locate improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and are used for counter-IED activities.
The Light Armoured Vehicle, Infantry Mobility Troop, FFR, MC2, Bushmaster is often referred to as the Infantry Mobility Troop Vehicle (IMTV).
Fuel Diesel
Turning radius 18.60 m
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Max driving range (road) 1,000 km
Max speed (road, forward) 120 km/h
Engine/ Propulsion Caterpillar 3126, 6 cylinder TD, 300 hp @ 2,400 rpm
Tank volume 340 litres
Number of tyres 4
Ground clearance (road) 0.40 m
Width (body) 2.50 m
Configuration 4x4
Weight (combat-loaded) 15,000 kg
Weight (empty) 12,500 kg
Height (overall) 3,256 m (top of wire cutters)
Height 2.65 m (top of mount)
Length (barrel forward) 7.183 m (includes spare wheel)
Length (hull) 7,087 m
Power-to-weight ratio 20 hp/tonne
Track width 2.10 m
Wheel base 3.90 m
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Do you know that the second person to give instruction after God is the devil? You may not need to go to church before God or the devil speaks to you, your conscience may be hijacked by God or the devil.
When the devil speaks, he speaks of himself and he speak lies. Do not forget that Satan knows the Bible, but he twist the truth or alter it to back up his deception or false information.
In life or in your relationship, you need to be careful of the voice you listen to especially when you're uncertain about the decision you're about to make.
God told Adam that they would die if they eat out of the fruit of the garden, the devil came and told Eve that she will not surely die. What is that voice within telling you to do or what are your friends advising you to do?
Knowing what the word of God (truth) says alone doesn't set you free until you apply what the word says or you act on it in spite of the challenges or odd circumstances of life.
Before you believe every word, know this: the devil also preaches. He can speak through you or through your friends, family, men of God or parents.
How does he preach?
1. When he tells you that you can damn the consequences of sexual sin. He's the originator of those philosophical teachings in the media that if you can't be sexually pure, be faithful in immorality with a partner or use contraceptives when you are not married.
2. When he tells you that keeping your virginity isn't worth the price since you can lose it and God will still forgive you. Some say, "Virginity is not a sign of dignity but a lack of opportunity", "Who virginity epp" all these and many more are the sermon he sponspors through men. Be careful!
3. He tells you to be smart and make quick money since being righteous takes time. Guys, hustling in life isn't God's plan for mankind. Men became a hustler having left the presence of God. True and enduring riches can only be found in God and through His principles.
4. He tells you to lean on to your own understanding since trusting in God doesn't work. And he backs it up with this: "Heaven helps those who help themselves".
5. When he tells you how impossible it is for you to live a holy life and he makes you to believe that you are alone.
6. He would even tell you to be 'wise' or 'wake up' rather than live the God-kind of life. However, some of your friends might jokingly tell you, "Who born again hep in this era".
7. He speaks through many false preacher or teacher who teaches with the enticing words of man's wisdom or of the wisdom of this world that carries no weight or depth but comes to nothing.
8. He can speak through someone you so much respect but because of your insensitivity, you swallowed their words hook, line and sinker without subjecting it to the word of God.
9. When he tells you that you look old-fashioned because of the modest way you're dressing. I do not support shabby dressing but you don't need to dress to reveal all that were meant to be covered. Satan will even tell you why you're not engaged is because you're too dark; tone up, you're too simple; dress to impress or that you're too local so that you can appear sophisticated at the expense of your destiny and eternity.
10. When he makes you compare others with yourself. There's a silent voice that speaks to everyone and it's the voice of comparison. This voice isn't from God but the devil. Don't listen to the voice that pushes you into becoming like others. He or she that compares himself or herself with others is not wise. There is no uniqueness or originality in becoming like others. Be an iconic brand and not a substitute.
How to escape the devil's self-opinionated preaching
1. Posses the Spirit of truth
Many fall into lies and Satanic deception because they lack the Holy Spirit. Without the Spirit of God, you can't overcome the devil's suggestive plea. Except for the Spirt of God, the devil is smarter than all human being put together in their wits because he is an anointed cherub.
2. Be sober and vigilant
Being sober entails three things; you must be serious, sensitive and solemn. Be serious with life and don't trivialize your life on frivolous living. You tend to be more vigilant when you walk in the Spirit, however, you'll fall into his trick when you're carnally minded.
3. Know the word
Don't just cram or memorize scriptures, understand them in-depth so that when he comes with his lies, you'll easily know the right application of it.
All the cases of polygamy, suicide, crime, sexual sins or stealing you heard from the media aren't from God. The devil spoke to many and they obeyed him to the last order. If you are not going to be a victim of the devil's agenda – to steal, kill and destroy; then you must be able to discern clearly the voice you listen to. Mind you, any voice that tells you to do evil is not from God but the devil.
© Oluwamayowa Adeniyi.


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Papi co-producing documentary on Williams
BOSTON -- Ted Williams, the iconic Hall of Fame hitter, fighter pilot and fisherman, will have his life profiled in the renowned American Masters Documentary series on PBS in a documentary that will premiere in the summer of 2018, the 100th anniversary of the Splendid Splinter's birth.And in a most
BOSTON -- Ted Williams, the iconic Hall of Fame hitter, fighter pilot and fisherman, will have his life profiled in the renowned American Masters Documentary series on PBS in a documentary that will premiere in the summer of 2018, the 100th anniversary of the Splendid Splinter's birth.
And in a most fitting twist, David Ortiz's company -- Big Papi Productions -- is helping to co-produce the film along with Major League Baseball, Albert M. Tapper and Nick Davis Productions.
Ortiz belted 483 homers with the Red Sox, second only to the 521 clocked by Williams.
"I've always felt a great connection to Ted -- the people of Boston welcomed me into their hearts, but somehow you always knew there was only one Ted Williams," said Ortiz. "He was always the one you heard about in Boston. I can't think of a better way for Big Papi Productions to hit the national stage than with an American Masters about this American hero."
Big Papi was acquired by the Red Sox in 2003, one year after Williams died. Arguably the two most accomplished hitters in Red Sox history never crossed paths, but Ortiz will now gain a greater appreciation of the man who set the bar for all Boston sluggers.
"David has been very funny," said Nick Davis, the director of the film. "He said, 'Ted is the only guy in Red Sox history to hit more home runs for the team than me, so of course I have to be involved.'"
Though Ortiz won't be interviewed on camera for the documentary, he is providing support however he can.
"To his credit, David said that because they never met and he never saw him play, he wouldn't have much to say that would round out the actual portrait we're making," said Davis. "But David is being helpful in a myriad of other ways, such as reaching out to potential narrators and helping us publicize it. It's just great having his charm and his spirit involved in the process."
Several former MLB players will be interviewed for the documentary, including Wade Boggs, the Hall of Famer who won five batting titles while with the Red Sox and was raised on the "Science of Hitting," which was written by Williams.
The goal for Davis while directing this film is to bring Williams to life for fans of the more recent generations who never got to see him in the batter's box.
"The first thing you do is basically immerse yourself in the subject, which I've been doing for almost the last two years," said Davis. "I was first told about this project the day after the 2015 World Series ended. I immediately started reading everything I could get my hands on and watching all the video tape and all the old films. We're working with Major League Baseball, so they have generously opened their archives to us. ... The whole team is steeping themselves in everything having to do with Ted Williams."
Williams will be the first baseball player to be profiled with an American Masters documentary. The series started in 1986 and has won 28 Emmy Awards.
"This isn't just the baseball stuff," said Davis. "We'll look at him growing up in San Diego with a childhood I wouldn't wish on anyone. And obviously the wars he fought in, which took nearly five years out of his career. He was John Glenn's wingman in the Korean War. He fought 39 successful combat missions in Korea and is now in the aviation Hall of Fame. The other great passion of his life was fishing, and he is also in a fisherman's Hall of Fame."
As far as the baseball goes, the film will provide viewers a closer glimpse at the methods than the statistics.
"When he was a baseball player, hitting was all he thought about," said Davis. "There's all these stories. He went to sleep with his bat, he weighed his bats religiously, he had the Red Sox put his bats in the dryer to heat them and get off any condensation that might have made them heavier than he wanted them to be. He was just unbelievably meticulous and obsessive about hitting, to the exclusion of all else. It's been fascinating to get to know him through this experience.
"He was such a delightful presence to people who knew him. He was mean or closed to the press, because he felt he had been mistreated and they had been involved in his personal life, so he shut himself off them to them. But to his teammates and to the people who knew him, he was like a big, overgrown boy. As a friend and teammate, he was gregarious and fun -- he was The Kid."
Ian Browne has covered the Red Sox for MLB.com since 2002. Follow him on Twitter @IanMBrowne and Facebook.


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It is always hard for me to accept claims like the best , the only and so on. Se in my summary on protocols. the key is to find which stimulation in the current physiological state with current limitation and compensation will e most appropriate to offer a decent accepted stimulation trigger either a functional reaction I we look for a shorter term performance gain or a structural change if e look for a more long term performance planning. It come down to s always the RESPONDER and NON responder.It is still fun for me anytime I open a magazine or a paper and they have a cook book idea getting your ready for a specific event like a 10 km run or a marathon or a grand fondo or what ever. We can pay training programs on line and we can copy world class athletes preparation 3 weeks and than go though this. Incredible in todays ability to track and assess your individual ability and actually with some small time commitment be able to design your plans with you coach. Find your limiter , us a live feedback and working n your goal that is relative straight forward isn't it. The great live feedback we had lately on a 3 x 20 min FTP 80 % planned workout is a great example how it does not work but how easy we could adjust this to the target. pln. The question was in this case much more .
what was the physiological goal rather what was the % aim during the workout.Juts some thoughts to an ongoing discussion. I can absolutely understand where we started this idea. It was the lack of ability to have live feedbacks and the believe. that a human or any physiological system works like a mechanical machine.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015 Apr;25(2):143-51. doi: 10.1111/sms.12165. Epub 2014 Jan 1.
Short intervals induce superior training adaptations compared with long intervals in cyclists - an effort-matched approach.
Rønnestad BR1, Hansen J, Vegge G, Tønnessen E, Slettaløkken G.
Author information
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 10 weeks of effort-matched short intervals (SI; n = 9) or long intervals (LI; n = 7) in cyclists. The high-intensity interval sessions (HIT) were performed twice a week interspersed with low-intensity training. There were no differences between groups at pretest. There were no differences between groups in total volume of both HIT and low-intensity training. The SI group achieved a larger relative improvement in VO(2max) than the LI group (8.7% ± 5.0% vs 2.6% ± 5.2%), respectively, P ≤ 0.05). Mean effect size (ES) of the relative improvement in all measured parameters, including performance measured as mean power output during 30-s all-out, 5-min all-out, and 40-min all-out tests revealed a moderate-to-large effect of SI training vs LI training (ES range was 0.86-1.54). These results suggest that the present SI protocol induces superior training adaptations on both the high-power region and lower power region of cyclists' power profile compared with the present LI protocol.
Stephen Seiler1 and Espen Tønnessen2
Sportscience 13, 32-53, 2009 (sportsci.org/2009/ss.htm) 1 University of Agder, Faculty of Health and Sport, Kristiansand 4604, Norway. Email. 2 Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee National Training Center, Oslo, Norway. Email. Reviewers: Iñigo Mujika, Araba Sport Clinic, Vitoria, Spain; Stephen Ingham, English Institute of Sport, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
VO2max Trainability and High Intensity Interval Training in Humans: A Meta-Analysis
Andrew P. Bacon,1 Rickey E. Carter,2 Eric A. Ogle,3 and Michael J. Joyner1,*
Conrad P. Earnest, Editor
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Endurance exercise training studies frequently show modest changes in VO2max with training and very limited responses in some subjects. By contrast, studies using interval training (IT) or combined IT and continuous training (CT) have reported mean increases in VO2max of up to ∼1.0 L · min−1. This raises questions about the role of exercise intensity and the trainability of VO2max. To address this topic we analyzed IT and IT/CT studies published in English from 1965–2012.
Inclusion criteria were: 1)≥3 healthy sedentary/recreationally active humans <45 yrs old, 2) training duration 6–13 weeks, 3) ≥3 days/week, 4) ≥10 minutes of high intensity work, 5) ≥1∶1 work/rest ratio, and 6) results reported as mean ± SD or SE, ranges of change, or individual data. Due to heterogeneity (I2 value of 70), statistical synthesis of the data used a random effects model. The summary statistic of interest was the change in VO2max. A total of 334 subjects (120 women) from 37 studies were identified. Participants were grouped into 40 distinct training groups, so the unit of analysis was 40 rather than 37. An increase in VO2max of 0.51 L ·min−1 (95% CI: 0.43 to 0.60 L · min−1) was observed. A subset of 9 studies, with 72 subjects, that featured longer intervals showed even larger (∼0.8–0.9 L · min−1) changes in VO2max with evidence of a marked response in all subjects.
These results suggest that ideas about trainability and VO2max should be further evaluated with standardized IT or IT/CT training programs.
There are as always the question. Functional reaction as a short term impressive progress , versus structural adaptation as a long term gain in eh performance ability. What is now new in the discussion is the knowledge. that there is not such think like actual anaerobic loads. So the fact that HIT improved VO2 ability was always hard to accept as we all though HIT as an " anaerobic / alacticid load .Now with new technology and one of them is NIRS we know , that we use very fast ( Suhlman et all ) O12 so a hit is really very highly aerobic and as well lacticid . The classical test ideas like VO2 over a mask and lactate over a finger where simply to slow ( lag time ) to see, what we now see live. So whit HIT we surprisingly may stimulate functionally the O2 utilization much more intense, than with a slower longer distance workout.. See SmO2 drop close to very low levels compared to a VO2 max test . In a 50 km cross country ski race we use much more O2 the first few km than towards the end. and so on. So HIT clearly stimulate O2 utilization and for sure over functional reactions . The question is, whether this as well will trigger on the long run a structural change needed to deliver and convert more O2. At the end it may show us , that both ideas or stimulation are needed at the right dosage and the right time. To find the optimal timing we have to look at physiological reactions, do we still see progress in physiological parameters or not anymore. So when do we change or add one or the other. Periodization based on days weeks and month simple can not do this. Physiology and changes are not based on outside time schedules but on inside physiological ability to react to change and adapt. This is individual and may depend on many factors like nutrition , age gender climate and so on. Therefor the periodization is given by feedback of changes and adaptation of physiological systems.
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Nintendo's financials have been made public and gamers are able to see just how well some of their favorite properties have done under the banner of the Big 'N'. Surprisingly enough the new IP Splatoon did a heck of a lot better in both digital and physical sales than I ever would have imagined.
GamesIndustry.biz did a breakdown of their third quarter report from last year's sales, and they revealed that Splatoon moved 4 million units for the Wii U; that Super Mario Maker moved 3.34 million physical and digital units; and that Animal Crossing Happy Home Designer moved 2.93 million units.
The Nintendo 3DS moved 5.88 million SKUs and the Wii U moved 3.06 million SKUs.
The company also managed to move 20.5 million Amiibo units. In fact, they moved almost as many Amiibos as the Wii U sold software – according to the report the Wii U's physical and digital software count equaled 22.62 million units sold. So yeah… Nintendo's Amiibos are almost more popular than all of the Wii U's software combined. Had the Wii U been more popular the Amiibo probably would have sold even more.
In an update at the bottom of the post they also note that Nintendo is investigating VR but there are no further details on that. There's also a surprising absence of puffer for the upcoming Legend of Zelda. I'm beginning to think that it may be a cross-generational release on the Wii U and Nintendo NX. As noted on Venture Beat, though, Nintendo did at least list the game as being on the slate for the Wii U along with five other games, as listed below.
- The Legends of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD – March 4
- Pokkén Tournament – March 18
- Star Fox Zero – April 22
- Shin Megami Tensei X Fire Emblem – 2016
- Mario & Sonic at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games – 2016
- The Legend of Zelda Wii U – 2016
I almost forgot about Star Fox Zero… the game seems to have slowly faded into the background after being delayed to a spring, 2016 release.
They also talked up the release of Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD and the mobile social app, Miitomo, both of which are scheduled to release in the early half of 2016.
The Wii U's lifespan is basically at an end. It's a real shame because Nintendo had an opportunity to capitalize on their strong lead in Japan and a powerful line-up of the best console exclusive titles this generation, but a lack of proper marketing and an absence of letting the general public know what the clear vision was for the Wii U caused the system to languish hard in both mind share and market share.
Let's hope Nintendo learned their lesson and apply those lessons well with the release of the Nintendo NX.
(Main image courtesy of CureYoshi)


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AGIL Propaquizafop is a herbicide of the aryloxyphenoxy propionates family. It is used for the post emergence control of a wide range of annual and perennial grasses. AGIL is used for selective weed control in many broadleaf crops such as sugarbeet, oilseed rape, soybeans, sunflower, other field crops, vegetables, fruit trees, vineyards and forestry.
Propaquizafop is selective to all major broadleaf crops, during all their stages of development.
Propaquizafop is a systemic herbicide, which is quickly absorbed by the leaves and translocated from the foliage to the growing points of the leaves and roots of the sprayed weeds.
- Rainfall 1 hour after application will not affect the product activity.
- Optimal activity is achieved when applied early and weeds are actively growing.
- It is available in Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) formulation.
- It is safe to beneficial insects and mammals and is environmentally friendly
For use on:
Alfalfa, Almond, Anise (fennel), Anona, Apple, Apricot, Artichoke, Asparagus, Avocado, Banana, Beans, Beet, Begonia, Berries, Blackberry, Blueberry, Brassica, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cacao, Caneberries, Carrot, Cassava, Cauliflower, Celery, Cherry, Chickpea , Chicory, Chili, Christmas trees, Chrysanthemum, Citrus, Clover, Coffee, Conifers, Cotton, Cranberry, Cucurbits, Currant, Dates, Deciduous fruits, Dewberry, Eggplant, Eucalyptus, Figs, Fodderbeet, Forage Crops, Forestry, Fruits, Garlic, Gooseberry, Grapefruits, Grapes (vine), Horseradish, Kiwi, Leek, Legumes, Lemons, Lentil, Lettuce, Lilium, Linseed, Loquat, Lucerne, Lupins, Macadamia Nuts, Mangel, Mango, Marigold, Marrow, Melon, Mint, Mustard, Nectarine, Nursery, Nut, Oil palm, Oilseed rape, Olive, Onion, Oranges, Papaya, Paprika, Parsley, Parsnip, Pasture, Peach , Peanut, Pear, Peas, Pecan, Pepper, Persimmon, Pineapple, Pistachio, Plum, Pome Fruit, Pomegranate, Poplar, Poppy seeds, Potato , Prune, Quince, Radish, Raspberry, Rubber, Shallot, Soybean, Spinach, Squash, Stone Fruit , Strawberry, Subtropical & tropical fruits, Sugarbeet, Sugarcane, Sunflower, Tea, Tobacco, Tomato, Vetch, Walnut, Watermelon
LD50 acute dermal: >2000 mg/kg (rabbits)
LD50 acute oral: 5000 mg/kg (rats)
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