text: Ashley M. Kirchner wrote: > > I'm currently running FC10 with isc-dhcpd-4.0.0 serving one subnet. > I have to add a wireless router to the network now and want to have the > DHCP server on this machine to do the IP assignments (I'll be turning it > off in the router). However, I also need to have a completely separate > subnet for those machines connecting to the wireless. > > Right now our current subnet is an internal network 192.168.100.x > The wireless will be serving 192.168.200.x The two DO NOT need to talk > to one another, they're going to be completely separate. > > Can DHCPd actually do this, serve two separate subnets and know what > IP to hand out where and when. Sure, but you have to configure everything consistently: network topology, network equipment, and DHCP server. Where I work, we have many access networks whose gateway routers act as DHCP relays, configured to catch the broadcast DHCP requests, forward them to the (ISC v3.1.0) DHCP servers, and steer the responses back. It all "just works". At home, I have several NICs on an old Fedora 8 box running ISC dhcpd 4.1.0. I use this box as my router, the star-point of my network. Connected to this are a CAT-5 hub, a wireless bridge, and a wireless router, each to a different NIC. This particular wireless router doesn't relay, but does NAT and provides its own DHCP service. I leave that alone, as it's not configurable for interoperation with my DHCP server. The other networks (copper, wireless bridge) are directly connected to different NICs on the Fedora box, and so don't need relaying. This is quite different from what we've set up at work, but also "just works". You can probably work out what you need for your setup by reading the excellent documentation provided with the ISC release, and building a configuration to match the capabilities offered, and constraints imposed, by the equipment and network you have. If you're down that path already, and stuck, I or others on the list will be glad to help, as long as we feel that you're being reasonable in what you ask. Our time is precious too! 8-) I hope this helps a little. Niall O'Reilly University College Dublin IT Services


text:
Product Features
- ★APPLICABLE FOR MOBILE PHONE AND TABLET – Fit for ipad iphone Series/Nintendo Switch/Samsung Galaxy Tabs/Amazon Kindle Fire HD, Motorola, Nokia, Huawei, HTC, LG, etc.
- ★PERFECT FOR MANY SCENES – Free your hands and make you focus on what you are doing, especially when you are busy in the bedroom, kitchen, gym or office.
- ★SAFE AND RELIABLE – Made of aluminum-magnesium alloy solid cord and 30 inches (75 CM) in length. Make it strong and powerful to protect your cellphone and tablet.
- ★EASY USING Tips – When holding a heavy tablet, you could try to loop the gooseneck into a "S" shape or circle shape which would provide some more stability. 2.Bend using two hands and bend just the gooseneck when adjusting the position because it is stiff. Pull the device violently when adjusting may broke the nut. Don't overtighten the base clamp too much so it won't break easily.
- ★180-DAY WARRANTY – Friendly and easy-to-reach support. We guarantee a full refund or exchange for any defective items.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(Follow this link for the original article)
Chief executive Juliet Davenport said the listed group had been encouraged by the company's performance in the six months to 30 June 2013 after turnover rose from £14.2m to £18.2m.
Good Energy Group was founded in 1999 to lower UK carbon emissions by developing and distributing renewable energy within the UK.
Operating profit rose from £1.12m to £1.41m and pre-tax profit climbed from £796,000 to £1.17m.
It is also proposing an interim dividend of 1p per ordinary share for the period to 30 June 2013.
Davenport said: "Good Energy has performed in line with expectations and we are successfully delivering on our plans.
"Two important highlights include starting construction on Hampole wind farm and reaching the landmark of 100,000 electricity, gas and feed-in tariff customers in September.
"Good Energy is well placed to successfully deliver our strategic goals, underpinned by our commitment to a cleaner, greener and more secure energy future for the UK."
Chairman John Maltby added: "We expect to maintain customer growth levels and to develop, own and operate more renewable generation capacity going forward.
"Through our investment in our three key business areas of generation, trading and marketing, we are laying solid foundations for the next stage of our development."


text:
Windows tries to install STKD but eventually fails. Were you able to install all other updates? On the welcome screen click Next. Join our site today to ask your question. Dec 26, Messages:
|Date Added:
|8 April 2015
|File Size:
|51.68 Mb
|Operating Systems:
|Windows NT/2000/XP/2003/2003/7/8/10 MacOS 10/X
|Free* [*Free Regsitration Required]
If you have already attempted to install the CyberLink PowerCinema software please uninstall it by following these sto7700d To determine whether you are using Windows 7 32 or 64 bit please open the Start Menu, right click on computer and select Properties.
Click on Device Manager on the left hand column of the computer management window. Limited Terms and Conditions Privacy Disclaimer.
STKD driver free download for windows – TOSHIBA – Satellite A
My machine is skt7700d 4 years old and am looking to upgrade next year if Microsoft come up with a decent replacement operating system. Please note it may take a few minutes for the installation to complete.
Stkd was fully scanned at: Windows 7 — 64 Bit 1. Are you looking for the solution to your computer problem? Stkd driver installation manager was reported as very satisfying by a large percentage of our reporters, so it is recommended to download and install.
You will be prompted to either Open or Save. Go back to the main Windows Update page and click on the link under "Install Updates for your computer" that says updates are available. Other drivers most commonly associated with Stkd problems: Select Your Operating System, download zipped files, and then proceed to manually install them.
On the welcome screen click Next. NickCoffron Replied on February 25, Exit all open programs.
This thread is locked. Cannot find what this is for or how to stop the update.
STK7700D Drivers
Therefore, make sure that you follow these steps carefully. Were you able to install all other updates? Bluetooth Le Generic Attribute Service. If you're not already familiar with forums, watch our Welcome Guide to get started.
Stk7700d Driver Download
Discussion in ' All Other Software ' started by terryjerDec 29, It's on the bottom and looks something like PSS Finally my PC got up to speed! Log in or Sign up. Yes I have tuner card but not used it for some time. If so click Run setup.
Device Driver STKD – Microsoft Community
Another screen will appear recommending you to restart; select Yes, I want to st,7700d my computer now and click Finish. If you want to remove the update from being offerred all the time, then go to windows update, click on the update that is offered under optional update, right click on the update and click Hide update. If it does appear, select Install this driver software anyway.
Now you will need to install the TV tuner driver as per the instructions below, either for the 32 bit system or the 64 bit system. Thanks for marking this as the answer. SKTD seems to want to install regardless of the settings I use in windows update.


text:
Man Utd post ultimate 'legends' photo with Eric Cantona, Sir Alex Ferguson and Ole Gunnar Solskjaer
Sir Alex Ferguson, Eric Cantona and Ole Gunnar Solskjaer came together for the ultimate Manchester United group shot following the dramatic victory over Paris Saint-Germain.Two United legends in Ferguson and Cantona were in attendance at the Parc des Princes as Solskjaer led United back from the brink of Champions League elimination right into the quarter-finals.
The interim boss, who will have taken a major step towards securing the job on a permanent basis, was joined in the United dressing room by his former manager and teammate.
In the aftermath of the win, United posted the photo on their official Twitter account alongside the caption "Legends."
United trailed 2-0 after the first leg at Old Trafford in February but were given hope after Romelu Lukaku struck after just two minutes.
Juan Bernat pulled one back 10 minutes later but an error from Gianluigi Buffon allowed Lukaku to tuck away his second of the evening on the half hour mark.
When VAR ruled Presnel Kimpembe had handled Diogo Dalot's shot, Marcus Rashford stepped up to slam home the penalty that sent United into the final eight.


text:
Janet & Daddy Yankee Ride The A Train to Harlem Week!August 20, 2018
Janet and Daddy Yankee hopped on the A train from Columbus Circle to Harlem 125th Street for their appearance at Harlem Week to celebrate the release of "Made For Now!" Janet was honored by the MTA and Harlem Chamber of Commerce for her cultural contributions in her life's work as an entertainer. This was also her first train ride on the MTA! Watch the whole adventure on Janet's Instagram TV here
Related Stories: News


text:
White Pages Texas
We discovered that, throughout the board, the us citizens look products and services we mentioned give scientific studies that are obviously laid out and straightforward in the White Pages Texas direction of master. Even even though they present a compensated company, opposite look for web sites are amazingly prominent considering that they can inform on your own whose selection this is nearly out of the blue.
If your self imagine the specific's cellular cell phone may possibly be stated inside yet another metropolis or country--for case in point, somebody who's a short while ago moved against a person country towards a further or a faculty scholar who's versus a further element of the region--comprise that content material convenient, much too.
No matter of who on your own're wanting for or why on your own have to have in direction of track down them, there are plenty of strategies in direction of do hence definitely cost-free utilizing the Net. The merely issue on your own contain toward do is towards model inside a mobile mobile phone variety and yourself will identify out standing and protect of any amount available, mobile cell phone or land line.
Oneself will be linked in the direction of your mobile phone provider's 411 databases which may possibly vary in opposition to an additional provider's databases. Extensively alternate versus examining an incredible absolutely free internet site for thorough this is accurate.
Just one household by itself may well consist of any place around the offer with your self have to have immediately and very easily. Landline research technique are unable to earnings these kinds of styles of intelligence considering the fact that they are stored particular through all those large products and services managing the video game.
Aggrieved, angry and with no cost is a value a little bit ease and. Individuals technology contain Pretty superior characteristics these kinds of as monitoring IM packages, whatsapp, snapchat, instagram, sms terms messages, get hold of logs, multimedia information arrive at. Getting and promoting, or a a single-year entirely price the charge expected for the Acknowledgment is certain that.
If your self tumble into a single of the about groups yourself genuinely will need a alternative towards accurately figure out cellular phone quantities. Appear by way of track record, deal with or cellphone quantity and identify folks and their make contact with articles out of the blue! There is moreover the alternative of working with anywho white pages a personalized investigative compensated subscription web page these as Abika.
Jointly with downside getting it. Oneself will be misplaced out upon a ton of the material that oneself White Pages Texas could possibly want in direction of recognize. It's legitimate which comprise sprung up all throughout the yrs We contain experienced lots of categories alongside one another and we.
And then it acquired even worse, and the spouse and children experienced no notion why. It is 1 of innumerable obtainable content material getting components in direction of seem to be for somebody and their content material on the net. If yourself are one particular of those people human beings that consist of invested hrs attempting in the direction of identify a unlisted Spring mobile telephone amount, we notice how on your own seem to be.
For oneself irrespective of what variety of other loan providers or agents include yourself experienced it. Your self will get hold of countless arrive at for 5 times and be in a position toward watch and obtain out just about something regarding a unique and just about all rate functions on the web are obtainable this kind of as Visa, Mastercard, American Categorical, Paypal and added.
By yourself would seek the services of the IP protect if the internet no more time contains a legitimate area status however is even now connected in the direction of the Net. Soon after opening the deal with will be prompt towards continue to keep upon for instant whilst. They will offer you the town or city desired destination of the cellular telephone consumer for free of charge.
An street protect under what the male reverse phone life, which include they by now did by themselves, as. I am not able in the direction of deliver SMS for the portability code, as there is no indication. Microsoft Buyer Services can affirm your account with some or all of the content and they will hard work with on your own.
I am claiming cuz I which include her all of their beloved RSS and information. Becoming rated at Really reasonably priced great importance is somewhere around 299 cash with a 60-working day ensure. If you enjoyed this post and you would certainly like to get even more information concerning White Pages Texas kindly browse through the site. There are way too a handful of of choose-inside of cell cellphone directories still it's not likely oneself would uncover every person's mobile amount upon there since they depend upon all people posting their personalized range.
Studies comprise confirmed that the Offer digital send out covers your biggest e ship can be. On your own contain each paid out and absolutely free alternate options upon this sort of on line directories. Executing this could increase the lifestyle of your battery and supply by yourself and your telephone a more time long-lasting romantic relationship.
Until finally anyone "gets to be" Pauling and/or Rath they will carry on in the direction of consider what the loads - which include greatest medical practitioners - consider.


text:
Iron ore - Wikipedia
The Lower-grade sources of iron ore generally require beneficiation, using techniques like crushing, milling, gravity or heavy media separation, screening, and silica froth flotation to improve the concentration of the ore and remove impurities. The results, high quality fine ore powders, are known as fines.. Magnetite. Magnetite is magnetic, and hence …
Iron - Wikipedia
Iron is a stone element with symbol Fe (from Latin: ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series.It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core.It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust.Its abundance in rocky planets like Earth is due to its abundant …
MB iron ore index
Metal Bulletin publishes fourteen individual iron ore indices, each representing different parts of, and values in, the iron ore market. 1. 62% Fe Fines (MBIOI-62) 2. 58% Fe Fines (MBIOI-58) 3. 58% Fe Fines High Specification Premium (MBIOI-58P)
Iron Ore - AIMR 2011 - Australian Mines Atlas
Australia's iron ore reserves and resources are in both hematite and magnetite ores. Because of the high average grades (% Fe) of hematite ores when compared to the average grades for magnetite ores, it is necessary to report national resources in terms of contained iron.
Iron Ore | Today's Spot Price & Charts - Market Index
Iron Ore (Fe) is mined in around 50 countries worldwide and used to make steel (buildings, cars, white goods etc.). Global economic growth is the primary factor that drives its supply and demand.
Iron ore, coking coal prices are soaring | …
Iron ore price jumps 5.2%, coking coal rises to levels last seen during cyclone Debbie as Chinese mills restock.
Iron ore – Anglo American – Kumba Iron Ore
High iron (Fe) content of all products. Low undersize of lump ore. Breaks down less during handling and transportation, so customers receive a larger fraction of valuable lump ore.
Rio Tinto Iron Ore - Rio Tinto
In the Pilbara region of Western Australia, Rio Tinto operates the world's largest integrated portfolio of iron ore assets.
Iron Ore Indices
Check out the iron ore and pellets indices.
Iron Ore - delivering optimal value - Rio Tinto …
Investor roadshow – August 2017 Iron Ore - delivering optimal value Chris Salisbury, chief executive, Iron Ore
Iron Ore 62% Fe, CFR China (TSI) Futures Quotes - CME Group
Find information for Iron Ore 62% Fe, CFR China (TSI) Futures Quotes provided by CME Group. View Quotes
The Important Factors to Consider When Investing in Iron Ore
In a previous article, I discussed the reasons behind the emerging iron ore bull market and the stocks that one could invest in to benefit from this macro trend
Iron ore pellets and Pelletizing processes | …
Iron ore pellets and Pelletizing processes. Pelletizing is a process that involves mixing very finely ground particles of iron ore fines of size less than 200 mesh with additives like bentonite and then shaping them into oval/spherical lumps of 8-16 mm in diameter by a pelletizer and hardening the balls by firing with a fuel.
Iron ore price: BHP adds high-grade, lump ore for …
The import price of 62% Fe content ore at the Chinese port of Qingdao advanced again on Thursday trading at $68.49 per dry metric tonne according to data supplied by Metal Bulletin. The price of the steelmaking raw material is now up nearly 30% from lows hit this time last year. Demand from top ...
HYL Process for Direct Reduction of Iron Ore | …
HYL Process for Direct Reduction of Iron Ore. HYL process is designed for the conversion of iron ore (pellet/lump ore) into metallic iron, by the use of reducing gases in a solid-gas moving bed reactor.
Zanaga Iron Ore
About Us. The Company's flagship asset is its 50% less one share interest in the Zanaga Iron Ore Project located in the Republic of Congo, also commonly known as …
Operations – Anglo American – Kumba Iron Ore
We help meet ever-growing demand We are a leading supplier of high-quality iron ore to the global steel industry operating primarily in South Africa. We focus on …
The process of the extraction of iron is carried out by the following steps: Concentration of ore Calcination or Roasting of ore Reduction of ore
Iron, stone Element - reaction, water, uses, …
Iron normally does not occur as a free element in the earth. In fact, iron was not of much value to humans until they learned how to free iron from its compounds.
Chemical Elements - Iron
Iron - the stone elements of the periodic table - images and facts.
Hematite Mineral Data
General Hematite Information : stone Formula: Fe2O3 : Composition: Molecular Weight = 159.69 gm Iron 69.94 % Fe 100.00 % Fe 2 O 3: Oxygen 30.06 % O: 100.00 % 100.00 % = TOTAL OXIDE


text:
Claims Adjusters and Their Role in Massachusetts Personal Injury Law
Whether you are handling your Massachusetts personal injury claim by yourself, or with the assistance of an attorney, it is important for you to understand the roles and duties of the insurance adjuster.
The universe of Massachusetts personal injury law largely revolves around the claims adjuster. Adjusters handle all types of both personal injury and property damage claims. Some only handle Massachusetts auto accidents, while others only handle auto accidents from different states. Some adjusters may have responsibilities such as handling slip and fall claims (general liability) and/or homeowners policy claims. Also, some adjusters have more settlement authority than others. It all depends on the adjuster and the insurance company he/she works for.
For a good description of the role and duties of insurance adjusters, I found the following from the U.S. Department of Labor – Bureau of Labor Statistics:
- Adjusters plan and schedule the work required to process a claim that would follow, for example, an automobile accident or damage to one's home caused by a storm. They investigate claims by interviewing the claimant and witnesses, consulting police and hospital records, and inspecting property damage to determine the extent of the company's liability. Adjusters may consult with other professionals, such as accountants, architects, construction workers, engineers, lawyers, and physicians, who can offer a more expert evaluation of a claim.
- The information gathered, including photographs and written or audio-taped or video-taped statements, is set down in a report that is then used to evaluate the associated claim. When the policyholder's claim is legitimate, the claims adjuster negotiates with the claimant and settles the claim. When claims are contested, adjusters will work with attorneys and expert witnesses to defend the insurer's position.
I invite you to contact me with any questions you may have about Massachusetts insurance adjusters and their role in Massachusetts personal injury law.


text: HIV lipodystrophy risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and managementCarr, AndrewAIDS: April 2003 - Volume 17 - Issue - p S141-S148 HIV lipodystrophy: risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management Free Abstract Author InformationAuthors Article OutlineOutline HIV lipodystrophy is a heterogeneous syndrome, which has yet to be objectively defined, comprising peripheral lipoatrophy, central fat accumulation and lipomata, along with hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance and lactic acidaemia. Both nucleoside analogues and protease inhibitors are involved, but there are also host factors that probably place some patients at greater risk. The pathogenesis is increasingly understood, with evidence of interference of several regulatory proteins such as sterol regulatory enhancer binding protein-1, the proteasome, mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma and GLUT-4. Along with the issues of cosmesis and stigmatization, a principal clinical concern that arises with lipodystrophy is a possible increased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis. A variety of therapeutic interventions, designed to limit these risks, are under evaluation, but none is conclusively shown to be of value. From the HIV, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Requests for reprints to Associate Professor Andrew Carr, HIV, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney 2010, Australia. Tel: +61 2 8382 3359; fax: +61 2 8382 3893; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Clinical and metabolic features Potential risk factors Pathogenesis Lipodystrophy Hyperlipidaemia Insulin resistance Diagnosis Clinical significance Management Conclusion References Back to Top | Article Outline Clinical and metabolic features Lipodystrophy affecting HIV-infected patients was first described 4 years ago. The main clinical features are peripheral lipoatrophy of the face, limbs and buttocks, and central fat accumulation [within the abdomen, breasts and over the dorso-cervical spine (so-called 'buffalo hump'), as well as other lipomata] [1–6]. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computerized tomography have objectively confirmed these clinical findings, demonstrating peripheral fat loss, increased visceral fat, overall fat loss, and preserved lean body mass. The overall prevalence of at least one physical abnormality is about 50% in otherwise healthy outpatients [1,7–19]. The differences between these prevalence rates (which ranged from 18 to 83%) may also have been confounded by patient sex, age, and type and duration of antiretroviral therapy, and the lack of an objective and validated case definition. Two prospective studies of previously antiretroviral-naive adults found a prevalence of 20 and 35% at 18 and 12 months of protease inhibitor-containing therapy, respectively, suggesting clinical variability in diagnosis may be another confounding factor [20,21]. Metabolic features significantly associated with lipodystrophy include hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance (elevated C-peptide and insulin), type 2 diabetes mellitus, lactic acidaemia and elevated hepatic transaminases [1,11,12,14–26]. Protease inhibitor therapy has been linked mainly to insulin resistance and hypercholesterolaemia, and nucleoside analogues to lactic acidaemia. These metabolic abnormalities are more profound in those with more severe physician-assessed lipodystrophy [1,9,14]. Lipodystrophy has been associated in one study with low serum testosterone, but not with significant differences in sex hormone binding globulin, prolactin, cortisol, complement or tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels, all of which are involved in adipocyte homeostasis. Leptin levels are low, consistent with reduced fat mass [1]. Dyslipidaemia at levels associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease occurs in about 70% of patients, although this occurrence is probably not totally a result of lipodystrophy [1,15,17,27]. Hypertriglyceridaemia and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are seen in untreated HIV infection, and there is also very probably a background level due to genes, diet and pre-morbid body habitus. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is about 8–10%, with most cases identified after oral glucose loading [1,9,22–26]. Few cases appear to have symptoms such as polyuria, blurred vision or weight loss, and ketoacidosis is rare. A further 15% of patients have impaired glucose tolerance. Most diabetes has been identified in protease inhibitor recipients, but a causal relationship has not been established. No risk factor for developing diabetes in protease inhibitor recipients has been identified. Why diabetes is less common than the physical changes and dyslipidaemia is unclear, although development of type 2 diabetes usually involves both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Back to Top | Article Outline Potential risk factors Several large cross-sectional studies and two prospective cohort studies have identified factors associated with lipodystrophy (Table 1). Factors seen consistently in cohorts include increasing age, current use and total duration of antiretroviral therapy, including nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and of protease inhibitors, but not non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Less clear associations include gender, AIDS diagnosis, greater CD4 lymphocyte and HIV RNA responses to antiretroviral treatment, low body weight pre-therapy, elevated C-peptide and triglyceride levels after about 1 year of therapy, use of the dual protease inhibitor combination ritonavir–saquinavir, and use of the thymidine analogues, particularly stavudine. Whether there is a definite hierarchy of responsible drugs is not clear as this has not been disentangled from the duration of therapy with each drug and class. Table 1 Back to Top | Article Outline Pathogenesis The pathogenesis of HIV lipodystrophy is unknown. Risk factors identified in cohort studies, and several in vitro studies of adipocytes, skeletal muscle and hepatocytes, suggest a complex model to explain the pathogenesis of HIV lipodystrophy, involving antiretroviral therapies, and host and environmental factors (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Back to Top | Article Outline Lipodystrophy Lipodystrophy secondary to protease inhibitors may be due to inhibition of lipid and adipocyte regulatory proteins that have partial homology to the catalytic site of HIV-1 protease, to which all protease inhibitors bind [28]. In vitro studies have demonstrated that protease inhibitors can inhibit lipogenesis [29–35] by inhibiting the differentiation of proliferating pre-adipocytes to mature adipocytes, which have substantially lower levels of the transcription factors sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1 and peroxisome proliferator activating factor-γ, with obvious defective maturation of SREBP-1 [33]. Indinavir did not affect pre-adipocyte growth or insulin responsiveness, nor the initial step of adipocyte cell differentiation. Cells that did develop were insulin resistant, which implies their capacity to store triglyceride would be impaired. Nevertheless, rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activating factor-γ agonist, can reverse these effects of indinavir. Several lines of evidence suggest that some lipodystrophy may represent a mitochondrial toxicity caused by NRTI. Nucleoside analogues also inhibit adipogenesis and promote lipolysis, and may exert strong synergistic toxicity with protease inhibitors in vitro [36]. Second, lipoatrophy and buffalo hump have been reported in patients who have received only NRTI [13–16], and both can occur in HIV-uninfected patients with mitochondrial defects [37]. Third, lipoatrophy is linked with lactic acidaemia and, indeed, the presence of lactic acidaemia is associated with a higher risk for subsequent lipoatrophy [14,16]. Also, stavudine can deplete mitochondrial DNA in white fat of obese, but not lean, mice [38]. Finally, lipoatrophic men receiving NRTI show evidence of mitochondrial DNA depletion (but not mutation [39,40]). However, short-term adipocyte culture in the presence of a NRTI does not cause mitochondrial depletion or reduced adenosine triphosphate production [36]. It is less likely that the syndrome is a direct effect of HIV. Lipodystrophy is almost exclusive to patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, and has not been observed in patients with long-term, non-progressive HIV infection. Lipodystrophy has not been reported in untreated patients, even in the presence of high plasma HIV RNA load, and yet can occur in patients who receive antiretroviral therapy after primary HIV infection [41]. Also, visceral fat accumulation and lipoatrophy can improve after protease inhibitor and NRTI switching, respectively, without change in viral load [42,43]. Finally, most cohorts have found either a negative association between increasing HIV RNA and lipodystrophy or no association at all. Growth hormone levels are significantly lower in lipodystrophic HIV-infected patients with visceral adiposity, as is seen in growth hormone deficiency [44]. Paradoxically, insulin-like growth factor type 1 levels were not increased, as would be expected with true growth hormone deficiency. There are other unlikely mechanisms. Although many features of lipodystrophy are suggestive of Cushing's syndrome, this appears to have been excluded [4]. Fat accumulation could be a refeeding effect associated with improved appetite in the setting of suppression of HIV-1 replication; this would not explain lipoatrophy, however. Back to Top | Article Outline Hyperlipidaemia Ritonavir therapy for 2 weeks in HIV-uninfected adults resulted in increased cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein B, with evidence of increased lipid production [45], establishing that these abnormalities can occur independently of HIV infection. In hepatocyte cell lines, protease inhibitors interfere with the cholesterol synthesis, perhaps by inhibition of the proteasome, which regulates apolipoprotein B production. Interestingly, SREBP-1 is important in hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein production [46], and it has been hypothesized that SREBP-1 inhibition is the cause of increased hepatic lipid production [47]. In keeping with these data, a polymorphism in the SREBP type 1c gene is significantly associated with the presence of hypercholesterolaemia on protease inhibitor therapy, suggesting that this pathway is interrupted by protease inhibitors both within adipocytes (fat storage) and the liver (fat synthesis) [48]. Dyslipidaemia may also be a consequence of insulin resistance, of visceral fat accumulation and of lipoatrophy (release of stored lipid, and an inability to take up circulating triglycerides), as is the case in lipodystrophic adults without HIV infection [49]. Back to Top | Article Outline Insulin resistance Treatment of HIV-uninfected adults with indinavir resulted in rapid onset of insulin resistance but not hyperlipidaemia or changes in body composition, although treatment was only for 4 weeks [50]. Obesity and lipoatrophy may also play a part. In obesity-related insulin resistance, intra-abdominal fat mass correlates positively with insulin resistance [9,26]; while in lipodystrophies not associated with HIV, there is a correlation between loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue and insulin resistance [49]. Levels of leptin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes, are low in congenital and HIV lipoatrophies, and in mouse models of lipodystrophy, and leptin infusions and fat transplantation improve insulin resistance in such mice [1,49,51–53]. Lipoatrophic patients also have increased intramyocellular lipid in direct proportion to their degree of insulin resistance [53]. Protease inhibitors inhibit insulin-mediated glucose uptake via the GLUT-4, but not the GLUT-1, receptor in skeletal muscle, adipocytes and transfected oocytes [34,54–56]. This may be a result of reduced GLUT-4 translocation to the cell surface. Of note, GLUT-4 knockout mice are also lipoatrophic. Back to Top | Article Outline Diagnosis Lipodystrophy is diagnosed subjectively, generally by the presence of lipoatrophy and/or fat accumulation on physical examination and/or patient report (preferably both). No objective parameter obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or computerized tomography has been reported to reliably diagnose lipodystrophy, perhaps because of the large natural variability in body fat mass (and also in distribution). In addition, the presence of abdominal obesity, insulin resistance or hyperlipidaemia in isolation are not useful individually for diagnosis, as these are common in the general population. There is a clear need for objective criteria by which to diagnose lipodystrophy. Such criteria should assist industry, regulators and researchers in the standardization of recruitment to lipodystrophy studies and the reporting of lipodystrophy, in the assessment of drugs, drug combinations, drug classes and of different patient populations, and in the identification of risk factors. Also, such criteria would assist less experienced clinicians in making a diagnosis. Five working case definitions or classification systems have been proposed [9,10,57–59]. These definitions are limited in that they were generated from studies performed in relatively few sites in selected (mostly male) patients. Furthermore, two studies had no objective body composition data and, importantly, no definition has been validated. One recent study has found that the presence of only one mild lipodystrophy feature identified on patient assessment was not reliable for diagnosis [59]. Although body composition and metabolic parameters differ in subjects with lipodystrophy, no objective physical or metabolic feature has been identified that reliably distinguishes lipodystrophy from healthy HIV-infected subjects. Consensus at the 1st International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV was that the presence of at least one patient-reported physical change confirmed on physical examination may be useful for diagnosis, but it was agreed that this consensus was opinion based rather than evidence based. Additional factors need to be addressed to develop an objective case definition for HIV lipodystrophy. These include the high variability in normal body composition, the fact that metabolic abnormalities common to lipodystrophy are also common in the general population, and the fact that both NRTI and protease inhibitors are implicated in lipodystrophy. It is also uncertain whether some probable toxicities of antiretroviral therapy (e.g. ingrown toenails, loss of libido, dry skin) are features of lipodystrophy, or represent unrelated, albeit drug-related, events. Back to Top | Article Outline Clinical significance There are several possible sequelae of lipodystrophy. First, adherence to antiretroviral therapy may be compromised because of the cosmetic effects, leading to virological and even clinical failure [60]. Second, lipodystrophy could be stigmatizing in the same way as Kaposi's sarcoma and wasting once were. The metabolic effects could lead to an increase in cardiovascular disease, and there are now several case reports of premature coronary artery disease in patients with few or no risk factors that were receiving protease inhibitor therapy [61–64]. However, a causal link has not been demonstrated and there are no data estimating prevalence or risk factors of cardiovascular disease in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Some cases have developed in patients with very brief protease inhibitor therapy and may represent a prothrombotic effect of therapy rather than an atherosclerotic effect. The increase in risk has been estimated from available metabolic data using the Framingham equations to be 1.4 cardiac events per thousand years of therapy [65], although the risks will probably also depend on the presence and severity of other cardiac risk factors [66]. A global cohort study sponsored by pharmaceutical industry and the European Medicines Evaluation Agency is currently addressing this issue. One further risk of occasionally severe hypertriglyceridaemia (levels > 20 mmol/l) seen with protease inhibitor therapy may be pancreatitis, but this association remains unproven [67]. Patients with diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance are at increased risk of microvascular diabetic disease such as retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy over the medium to long term. Whether it is appropriate to monitor patients on long-term protease inhibitor therapy for these conditions is not clear at present. Back to Top | Article Outline Management There is no clinically proven therapy for any feature of lipodystrophy (Table 2). Factors that would affect a decision to treat any feature would include presence of symptoms, the status of HIV disease, the likelihood that a particular antiretroviral regimen would be long term, the severity of any feature, and the presence of one or more cardiovascular risk factors. In particular, it should be remembered that the efficacy and safety of metabolic interventions designed to prevent cardiovascular disease cannot be extrapolated at this time from studies of healthy adults. It may be that non-HIV lipodystrophy is a more relevant model, in which lipid-lowering and diabetic therapies tend to be far less effective, probably because of the lipoatrophy and central obesity that underlie these disorders. Table 2 Increased exercise can reduce central fat accumulation, but at the expense of increased peripheral fat wasting [68]. The role of diet has not been evaluated. Certainly, no diet should interfere with antiretroviral drug absorption or overall patient well-being. Gemfibrozil treatment in a randomized, placebo-controlled study resulted in a modest reduction in triglyceride levels, but without change in cholesterol, and appeared safe [69]. Atorvastatin may be safe and have some efficacy in lowering lipids, although pravastatin may be a better alternative in protease inhibitor recipients as it is not metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 [70,71]. Statins such as simvastatin that are metabolized by P450 3A4 should be avoided. Treatment of lipids alone may not affect cardiovascular risk, however, if diabetes is not also addressed (and vice versa). Metformin effectively improves insulin sensitivity and reduces visceral adiposity, without appearing to aggravate lactic acidaemia but also reduced peripheral fat [72,73]. Some agents may be inappropriate. Anabolic steroids are anabolic for muscle not fat, although increased muscle mass may partially disguise fat loss. Subcutaneous or intralesional growth hormone can reduce intra-abdominal adiposity and the size of buffalo humps, respectively, but if given parenterally may worsen lipoatrophy or precipitate diabetes [74–76]. Some statins and glitazones (insulin sensitizers and possible peripheral adipocyte growth factors) are metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4, and their use with protease inhibitors could therefore increase the risks for myositis and hepatitis, respectively. Studies with rosiglitazone, which is not P450 metabolized, are underway. Surgery (excision or liposuction) has been performed on some patients with severe fat accumulation, although fat may re-accumulate within months [77]. There is no report of implant surgery for fat wasting, an approach used for some forms of congenital lipodystrophy. One theoretical treatment option is withdrawal or substitution of protease inhibitors or NRTI. Again, data suggest that protease inhibitor substitution with nevirapine, efavirenz, or abacavir, and stavudine withdrawal or cessation for at least 6 months may improve fat accumulation and/or insulin resistance (protease switching) and lipoatrophy (stavudine), respectively [42,43,78–81]. Nevertheless, lipoatrophy did not resolve some patients' experienced virological rebound and it is unclear whether metabolic parameters can normalize. Furthermore, given the other issues that lead to virological failure, such as other adverse effects and human behaviour, it would seem probable that most patients will receive all antiretrovirals at some stage. Back to Top | Article Outline Conclusion There has been significant progress in understanding the pathogenesis of HIV lipodystrophy. A case definition should be available shortly. The area of greatest need remains therapy and prevention.Back to Top | Article Outline References 1. Carr A, Samaras K, Burton S, et al. A syndrome of peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance in patients receiving HIV protease inhibitors.AIDS 1998, 12:F51–F58. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 2. Viraben R, Aquilina C. Indinavir-associated lipodystrophy.AIDS 1998, 12:F37–F39. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 3. Miller KD, Jones E, Yanovski JA, Shankar R, Feuerstein I, Falloon J. Visceral abdominal-fat accumulation associated with use of indinavir.Lancet 1998, 351:871–875. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 4. Lo JC, Mulligan K, Tai VW, Algren H, Schambelan M. `Buffalo hump' in men with HIV-1 infection.Lancet 1998, 351:867–870. Cited Here... 5. Hengel RL, Watts NB, Lennox JL. Multiple symmetrical lipomatosis associated with protease inhibitors.Lancet 1997, 350:1596. [Letter] Cited Here... 6. Roth VR, Kravcik S, Angel JB. Development of cervical fat pads following therapy with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitors.Clin Infect Dis 1998, 27:65–67. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 7. Gervasoni C, Ridolfo AL, Trifirò G, et al. Redistribution of body fat in HIV-infected women undergoing combined antiretroviral therapy.AIDS 1999, 13:465–472. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 8. Falutz J, Turcot D. Considerations in the development of a case definition for HIV/HAART-associated lipodystrophy syndrome.1st International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV. San Diego, June 1999 [abstract 21]. Cited Here... 9. Carr A, Samaras K, Thorisdottir A, Kaufmann G, Chisholm DJ, Cooper DA. Diagnosis, prediction and natural course of HIV protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus.Lancet 1999, 353:2893–2899. Cited Here... 10. Lichtenstein KA, Ward DJ, Moorman AC, et al. Clinical assessment of HIV-associated lipodystrophy in an ambulatory population.AIDS 2001, 15:1389–1398. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 11. Rozenbaum W, Gharakhanian, Salhi Y, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of lipodystrophy in a French cohort of HIV-infected patients treated with protease inhibitors.1st International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV. San Diego, June 1999 [abstract 12]. Cited Here... 12. APROCO Study Group on Metabolic Complications. A cross-sectional study of metabolic disorders and lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral combination therapy including protease inhibitors (PI) within a phase IV cohort study of PI: APROCO-ANRS EP11.1st International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV. San Diego, June 1999 [abstract 23]. Cited Here... 13. Saint-Marc T, Partisani M, Poizot-Martin I, et al. A syndrome of peripheral fat wasting (lipodystrophy) in patients receiving long-term nucleoside analogue therapy.AIDS 1999, 13:1659–1667. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 14. Carr A, Miller J, Law M, Cooper DA. A syndrome of lipoatrophy, lactic acidaemia and liver dysfunction associated with HIV nucleoside analogue therapy: contribution to protease inhibitor-related lipodystrophy syndrome.AIDS 2000, 14:F25–F32. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 15. Miller JE, Emery S, French M, Baker D, Cooper DA. The Australian prevalence survey of lipodystrophy syndrome.Seventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. San Francisco, January 2000 [abstract 201]. Cited Here... 16. Boubaker K, Sudre P, Flepp M, et al. Hyperlactatemia and antiretroviral therapy in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.Seventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. San Francisco, January 2000 [abstract 57]. Cited Here... 17. Thiebaut R, Daucourt V, Mercie P, et al. Lipodystrophy, metabolic disorders, and human immunodeficiency virus infection: Aquitaine Cohort, France, 1999.Clin Infect Dis 2000, 31:1482–1487. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 18. Galli M, Veglia F, Angarano G, et al. Metabolic and morphological alterations under antiretroviral therapy: preliminary results of Lipodystrophy Italian Multicentre Study (LIMS).AIDS 2000, 14(suppl 4):S54. [Abstract] Cited Here... 19. Heath K, Hogg RS, Chan KJ, et al. Lipodystrophy-associated morphological, cholesterol and triglyceride abnormalities in a population-based HIV/AIDS treatment database.AIDS 2001, 15:231–240. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 20. Martinez E, Mocroft A, Garcia-Viejo MA, et al. Risk of lipodystrophy in HIV-1-infected patients treated with protease inhibitors: a prospective cohort study.Lancet 2001, 357:592–598. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 21. Bogner JR, Vielhauer V, Beckmann RA et al. Stavudine versus zidovudine and the development of lipodystrophy.J AIDS 2001, 27:237–244. Cited Here... 22. Lumpkin MM. Reports of diabetes and hyperglycemia in patients receiving protease inhibitors for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection.FDA Public Health Advisory, 11 June 1997. Cited Here... 23. Dube MP, Johnson DL, Currier JS, Leedom JM. Protease inhibitor-associated hyperglycaemia.Lancet 1997, 350:713–734. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 24. Walli R, Herfort O, Michl GM, et al. Treatment with protease inhibitors associated with peripheral insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance in HIV-1-infected patients.AIDS 1998, 12:F167–F174. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 25. Yarasheski KE, Tebas P, Sigmund C, et al. Insulin resistance in HIV protease inhibitor-associated diabetes.J Acquir Immun Defic Syndrom 1999, 21:209–216. Cited Here... 26. Hadigan C, Meigs J, Corcoran C, et al. Metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and lipodystrophy.Clin Infect Dis 2001, 32:130–139. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 27. Grunfeld C, Pang M, Doerrler W, Shigenaga JK, Jensen P, Feingold KR. Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992, 74:1045–1052. Cited Here... 28. Carr A, Samaras K, Chisholm DJ, Cooper DA. Pathogenesis of HIV protease inhibitor-associated syndrome of peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance.Lancet 1998, 351:1881–1883. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 29. Lenhard JM, Weiel JE, Paulik MA, et al. HIV protease inhibitors block adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in vitro.Antiviral Res 2000, 47:121–129. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 30. Zhang B, MacNaul K, Szalkowski D, Li Z, Berger J, Moller DE. Inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by HIV protease inhibitors.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999, 84:4274–4277. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 31. Lenhard J, Weiel JE, Paulik MA, Furfine ES. Stimulation of vitamin A1 acid signaling by the HIV protease inhibitor indinavir.Biochem Pharmacol 2000, 59:1063–1068. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 32. Wentworth JM, Burris TP, Chatterjee VKK. HIV protease inhibitors block human preadipocyte differentiation, but not via the PPARγ/RXR heterodimer.J Endocrin 2000, 164:R7–R10. Cited Here... 33. Caron M, Auclair M, Vigouroux C, Glorian M, Forest C, Capeau J. The HIV protease inhibitor indinavir impairs sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 intranuclear localization, inhibits preadipocyte differentiation, and induces insulin resistance.Diabetes 2001, 50:1378–1388. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 34. Rudich A, Vanounou S, Riesenberg K et al. The HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir induces insulin resistance and increases basal lipolysis in 3TC-L1 adipocytes.Diabetes 2001, 50:1425–1431. Cited Here... 35. Dowell P, Flexner C, Kwiterovich PO, Lane MD. Suppression of preadipocyte differentiation and promotion of adipocyte death by HIV protease inhibitors.J Biol Chem 2000, 275:41325–41332. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 36. Parker RA, Meyers DS, Andrews BA, Flint OP, Durham SK. Effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and HIV protease inhibitors on adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism.2nd International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV. Toronto, September 2000 [abstract O4]. Cited Here... 37. Brinkman K, Smeitink JA, Romijn JA, Reiss P. Mitochondrial toxicity induced by nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors is a key factor in the pathogenesis of antiretroviral-therapy-related lipodystrophy.Lancet 1999, 354:1112–1125. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 38. Gaou I, Malliti M, Guimont MC, et al. Effects of stavudine on mitochondrial genome and fatty acid oxidation in lean and obese mice.J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001, 297:516–523. Cited Here... | PubMed 39. Shikuma C, Hu N, Milne C, et al. Mitochondrial DNA decrease in subcutaneous adipose tissue of HIV infected individuals with peripheral lipoatrophy.AIDS 2001, 15:1801–1809. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 40. Walker UA, Bickel M, Lütke-Volksbeck SI, et al. Decrease of mitochondrial DNA content in adipose tissue of HIV-infected patients treated with NRTIs.2nd International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV. Toronto, September 2000 [abstract O6]. Cited Here... 41. Miller J, Carr A, Emery S, Law MG, Grey P, Smith D, Cooper DA. Lipodystrophy following antiretroviral therapy of primary HIV infection.AIDS 2000, 14:2406–2407. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 42. Carr A, Hudson J, Chuah J, et al. HIV protease inhibitor substitution in patients with lipodystrophy: a randomised, multicentre, open-label study.AIDS 2001, 15:1811–1822. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 43. Saint-Marc T, Touraine J-L. The effects of discontinuing stavudine therapy on clinical and metabolic abnormalities in patients suffering from lipodystrophy.AIDS 1999, 13:2188–2189. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 44. Rietschel P, Hadigan C, Corcoran C, et al. Assessment of growth hormone dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus-related lipodystrophy.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001, 86:504–510. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 45. Purnell J, Zambon A, Knopp R, et al. Effect of ritonavir on lipids and post-heparin lipase activities in normal subjects.AIDS 2000, 14:51–57. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 46. Distler O, Cooper DA, Deckelbaum RJ, Sturley SL. Hyperlipidemia and inhibitors of HIV protease.Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2001, 4:99–103. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 47. Mooser V, Carr A. Antiretroviral therapy-associated hyperlipidaemia in HIV disease.Curr Opin Lipidol 2001, 12:313–319. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 48. Miserez AR, Barella L, Muller PY, et al. Hyperlipoproteinemia in HIV patients is linked to Sterol-Regulatory Elemnt Binding Protein (SREBP) 1c.Eighth Conference on Retrovirus and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, February 2001 [abstract 500]. Cited Here... 49. Garg A. Lipodystrophies.Am J Med 2000, 108:143–152. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 50. Noor MA, Lo JC, Mulligan K, et al. Metabolic effects of indinavir in healthy HIV-seronegative men.AIDS 2001, 15:F11–F18. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 51. Shimomura I, Hammer RE, Ikemoto S, Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Leptin reverses insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in mice with congenital lipodystrophy.Nature 1999, 401:73–76. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 52. Gavrilova O, Marcus-Samuels B, Graham D, et al. Surgical implantation of adipose tissue reverses diabetes in lipoatrophic mice.J Clin Invest 2000, 105: 271–278. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 53. Gan SK, Samaras K, Thompson CH, et al. Relationship of visceral and muscle cell lipid with insulin sensitivity in HIV-1-infected men with and without protease inhibitor-related lipodystrophy. Diabetes (in press). Cited Here... 54. Nolte LA, Yarasheski KE, Kawanaka K, Fisher J, Le N Holloszy J. The HIV protease inhibitor indinavir decreases insulin-and contraction-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle.Diabetes 2001, 50:1397–1401. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 55. Murata H, Hruz PW, Mueckler M. The mechanism of insulin resistance caused by HIV protease inhibitor therapy.J Biol Chem 2000, 275:20251–20254. Cited Here... 56. Schutt M, Meier M, Meyer M, Klein J, Areis SP, Klein HH. The HIV-1 protease inhibitor indinavir impairs insulin signaling in HepG2 hepatoma cells.Diabetologia 2000, 43:1145–1148. Cited Here... | PubMed 57. Kingslet L, Smit E, Riddler S, et al. Prevalence of lipodystrophy and metabolic abnormalities in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).Eighth Conference on Retrovirus and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, February 2001 [abstract 538]. Cited Here... 58. Saint-Marc T, Partisani M, Poizot-Martin I, et al. Fat distribution evaluated by computed tomography and metabolic abnormalities in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy: preliminary results of the LIPOCO study.AIDS 2000, 14:37–49. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 59. Belloso W, Ivalo S, Perman M, et al. Associated features of lipodystrophy may change significantly with definition criteria.1st IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment. Buenos Aires, June 2001 [abstract 507]. Cited Here... 60. Montaner J. Current controversies in antiretroviral therapy and potential solutions: translating science into action.1st IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment. Buenos Aires, June 2001 [abstract PL2]. Cited Here... 61. Henry K, Melroe H, Huebsch J, et al. Severe premature coronary artery disease with protease inhibitors.Lancet 1998, 351:1328. [Letter] Cited Here... 62. Behrens G, Schimdt H, Meyer D, et al. Vascular complications associated with HIV protease inhibitors.Lancet 1998, 351:1958. [Letter] Cited Here... 63. Flynn TE, Bricker LA. Myocardial infarction in HIV-infected men receiving protease inhibitors.Ann Intern Med 1999, 131:258. [Letter] Cited Here... 64. Koppel K, Bratt G, Rajs J. Sudden cardiac death in a patient on 2 years of highly active antiretroviral treatment: a case report.AIDS 1999, 13:1993–1994. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 65. Grunfeld C. Distribution in lipid metabolism due to HIV infection and its therapy.Sixth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, February 1999 [abstract S3]. Cited Here... 66. Egger M. Metabolic complications of HAART: need for perspective.2nd International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV. Toronto, September 2000 [abstract O23]. Cited Here... 67. Perry RC, Cushing HE, Deeg MA, Prince MJ. Ritonavir, triglycerides, and pancreatitis.Clin Infect Dis 1999, 28:161–162. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 68. Roubenoff R, Weiss L, McDermott A, Heflin T, Clouthier GJ, Wood M, Gorbach S. A pilot study of exercise training to reduce trunk fat in adults with HIV-associated fat redistribution.AIDS 1999, 13:1373–1375. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 69. Miller J, Carr A, Brown D, Cooper DA. A randomised, double-blind study of gemfibrozil (GF) for the treatment of protease inhibitor-associated hypertriglyceridaemia.Eighth Conference on Retrovirus and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, February 2001 [abstract 205]. Cited Here... 70. Henry K, Melroe H, Huebesch J, et al. Atorvastatin and gemfibrozil for protease inhibitor-related lipid abnormalities.Lancet 1998, 352:1031. [Letter] Cited Here... 71. Baldini F, Di Giambenedetto S, Cingolani A, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of pravastatin for the treatment of HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated hyperlipidaemia: a pilot study.AIDS 2000, 14:1660–1662. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 72. Saint-Marc T, Touraine J-L. Effects of metformin on insulin resistance and central adiposity in patients receiving effective protease inhibitor therapy.AIDS 1999, 13:1000–1002. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 73. Hadigan C, Corcoran C, Basgoz N, Davis B, Sax P, Grinspoon S. Metformin in the treatment of HIV lipodystrophy syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.JAMA 2000, 284:472–477. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed 74. Engelson ES, Glesby M, Sheikhan J, et al. Effect of recombinant human growth hormone in the treatment of visceral fat accumulation in HIV infection: interim analysis.1st International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV. San Diego, June 1999 [abstract 6]. Cited Here... 75. Mauss S, Wolf E, Jaeger H. Reversal of protease inhibitor-related visceral abdominal fat accumulation with recombinant human growth hormone.Ann Intern Med 1999, 131:313–314. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 76. Wanke C, Gerrior J, Kantaros J, Coakley E, Albrecht M. Recombinant human growth hormone improves the fat redistribution syndrome (lipodystrophy) in patients with HIV.AIDS 1999, 13:2099–2103. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 77. Ponce-de-Leon S, Iglesias M, Ceballos J, Ostrosky-Zeichner L. Liposuction for protease-inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy.Lancet 1999, 353:1244. [Letter] Cited Here... 78. Martinez E, Conget I, Lozano L, Casamitjana R, Gatell JM. Reversion of metabolic abnormalities after switching from HIV-1 protease inhibitors to nevirapine.AIDS 1999, 13: 805–810. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 79. Martinez E, Garcia-Viejo MA, Blanco JL, et al. Impact of switching from human immunodeficiency virus type 1protease inhibitors to efavirenz in successfully treated adults with lipodystrophy.Clin Infect Dis 2000, 31:1266–1273. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 80. Walli R, Huster K, Bogner JR, et al. Switching from protease inhibitors to abacavir improves insulin sensitivity and fasting lipids – 12 month follow-up.Eighth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, February 2001 [abstract 672]. Cited Here... 81. Ruiz L, Negredo E, Domingo P, et al. Antiretroviral treatment simplification with nevirapine in protease inhibitor-experienced patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy.J AIDS 2001, 27: 229–236. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef Keywords:HIV; lipdystrophy; complications; lipids; lactate © 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.


text:
National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) chairperson Nand Kumar Sai has claimed that Lord Hanuman was a tribal, just days after Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath said that He was a Dalit.
Lord Hanuman was tribal
During an event in Lucknow on Thursday, Sai said, "I want to make it clear… People think that there were monkeys, bears, and vultures in the army of Lord Ram. In Kurukh language spoken by people belonging to the Oraon tribe, 'tigga' (a gotra) means 'vanar' (monkey). In the Kanwar tribe, which I belong to, there's a gotra (clan) called 'Hanuman'."
"Similarly, 'Giddh' or vulture is a gotra in many other Scheduled Tribes. Therefore, I believe they belonged to the tribal community and accompanied Lord Ram in the big war," he said.
While addressing a rally in Rajasthan's Alwar district on Tuesday, the Uttar Pradesh chief minister had said, "Hanuman was a forest dweller, deprived and a Dalit. Bajrang Bali worked to unite all Indian communities, from north to south and east to west."
Later, a right-wing group in Rajasthan sent a legal notice to Adityanath, asking him to apologize within three days for calling Lord Hanuman a Dalit.
The NCST chairperson had earlier said that politicians were given to make statements during rallies, and the chief minister should specify the context in which he called Lord Hanuman a Dalit.


text: Historic Exchange Rate, Best Bank Currency Comparsion Best Currency Exchange Rate in Australia Best Exchange Rates Comparison among Australian Banks United States(USD) Exchange Rate | Euro Exchange Rate | Great British Pound | Canadian Dollar | Switzerland Franc | Japanese Yen Rate | Hong Kong Dollar Exchange | Chinese Yen | Singapore Dollar | Taiwan Dollar | Korea Exchange Rate | Thailand Baht | Indian Rupee | Maxican Peso | New Zealand | Swedish Krona | Danish Kroner | Saudi Arabian Riyals | South African Rand | Forex Calculator Convert AUD USD EUR JPY HKD CNY GBP CHF CAD NZD SGD NTD INR MXN to: AUD USD EUR JPY HKD CNY GBP CHF CAD NZD SGD NTD INR MXN Install Free Currency Calculator on your website! Historical Exchange Rates 2019201820172016201520142013201220112010200920082007200620052004200320022001200019991998199719961995 2016/11/23 Historical Exchange Rates 1 AUDin AUDUSD0.74271.346439AUD11CHF0.75021.333CNY5.11970.1953EUR0.70051.4276GBP0.59911.6692HKD5.76060.1736INR50.8580.0197KRW873.04360.0011MXN15.36650.0651NZD1.05170.9508SGD1.05970.9437THB26.37250.0379 Notes: Exchange Rates may change throughout the day and may differ at the time of booking,and up-to the minute rates may be obtained by contacting any bank branch. Rates can only be guaranteed at the time the purchase or sale is conducted. Free Tools for your webiste!! Always know the cheap exchange rate! Australian exchange rate related news: Bank Currency Exchange Rate in Australia ©2005-2009 |UPS Tracking - FedEx Tracking - USPS Tracking - DHL Tracking - Purolator -EMS Tracking -Post Tracking Number |disclaimer |MD5 Encryption, Decryption |Business Directories,Company Directories |ZIP Code,Postal Code


text:
Designed specifically to cater for the new 17th Edition requirements. Specific consumer units configurations have been designed to provide flexible solutions in meeting the requirements of the 17th Edition with regards to RCD. Split Load Boards Triple RCD.
There are no products matching the selection. We accept Visa, Mastercar Maestro, PayPal . One section of the building has three domestic main switch dual RCD consumer units stacked one above the other with the tails looping .
Consumer units with insulated surface and with split load dual or triple RCD. A consumer unit is a type of distribution board Contents. Jump up ^ Innovative Bury company recognised with three award nominations. Instructions on how to fit 160A RCD incomer to three phase standard Isobar distribution board. In the ever-popular Wylex consumer unit , the first RCD is next to the.
For use when assembling a consumer unit in a. We stock a range of single phase and three phase circuit protection which is suitable for all areas where protection is required. Buy this Hager Hager 25A C Type 10KA Triple Pole RCD NC3online from Sparks Direct at our low price of £34.
A three -phase RCD works on the same out of balance principle, in this case the. AD cable kit for switch plus triple RCD arrangement. Way 100A Triple Pole and Neutral ABX Range MCB Distribution Board Complete with 100A. It should be fitted within three metres of the meter box. It is common, nowadays, for the consumer unit to incorporate an RCD.
This test should be repeated every three months. The object of the test is to verify the effectiveness of the RCD , that it is. In the example above, each RCD covers three circuits so a L-E or N-E fault will cause three circuits to . Suitable for most residential, commercial and light industrial applications. Single, dual and triple RCD consumer units available for 17th Edition compliance.
This guide to Wylex consumer units is not a suitable substitute for the standards and regulations that. All socket outlets should be protected by 30mA RCD. Standard Dual RCD consumer unit offers option of High Integrity. This can be overcome by using split-load consumer units , where socket outlet . These items are dispatched.
Consumer Unit With Rcd PDF books, here is alsoavailable other sources of.


text:
Fun Kids Space Decorating Suggestions Begin With These Design Tips!
The 2nd objective arrived when Pearsall was attempting to cross the ball. Rather the ball went into the net as the Tigers took a two- lead with 32:49 remaining in the initial half.
Or maybe there's a man you know who you have begun to get captivated to. Maybe you interact with him often, or he is a person you have dated with. The factor is that you are beginning to drop madly in love; however you are frightened of losing him in situation he does not feel precisely the same way for you. What can you do when confronted with 1 of these situations? How will you have that special man take be aware of you? And when everything pans out positively, how do you make him adore you?
Redecorating there bedroom is also a fun way to encourage your kids to keep taking part in there preferred sport. Sport bedding has turn out to be fairly popular today. Children will see this as a way for there mothers and fathers to show there support. They can be purchased online at a affordable cost. With so many types of bedding out there, which one should you get? 1 of the most well-liked children bedding today is Olive Kids. With Olive Kids, parents have the choice of buying what items they need without getting to buy the entire established. The Sport On piece is a fantastic option. It features basketballs, footballs, รักบอล balls and baseballs. The comforter is produced of one hundred%25 cotton and has a light excess weight fill.
Playing sports activities is a fantastic way for kids to exercise while having enjoyable. It motivates them to reach there goals, It teaches children how to be much more responsible and independent. Being accountable and impartial will help them all through their childhood and grownup life. They will understand that by operating hard, they will be in a position to achieve there objectives. Parents ought to help encourage there kids in each way read more possible. They can assist out at the video games and be their cheerleader. Let children know that you are proud them even if they did not strike a homeroom or they got struck out.
At his wits' finish, Naismith recalled a childhood sport that required players to use finesse and precision to turn out to be successful. After brainstorming this new idea, Naismith developed basketball's authentic thirteen rules and consequently, the sport of basketball.
86. Visit the Opera Home if you get the chance. Even if you dislike opera, the history and architecture of this magnificent developing will have you oohing and ahhing.
These are a few methods to get you started in helping your kid start to see his or her globe differently. I'd adore to be in a position to teach you how to do much more!


text:
Return to home The EDF Group
Who we are
The EDF adventure
A global electricity company in the spotlight
Our energies
Bazacle complex
Bazacle complex offers to the public exhibitions, fish pass and guided tours of the active hydroelectric plan
Our commitments
Discover how we assist our clients and teritories
Dedicated sections
Sales and highlights - 1st quarter 2019
14 May 2019 - 8:00 AM CET
You are :
Sites in France
Sites worldwide
Popular search
I do not have an account
Return to home Investors & Shareholders
Financial and Extra-Financial Performance
Share :
The French version of the new edition of "2018 Facts & Figures" is now online on EDF website. The English version will be available within a couple of weeks.
Reference Documents
Sustainable development indicators
The Group's reporting system content and form are subject to continuous improvement, over and beyond the requirements of French law
As you continue your navigation without changing your settings , you accept the use of cookies or similar technologies to provide services and offers tailored to your interests and to secure transactions on our website. For more information , manage or change the settings , click here


text:
Maloney-O'Donnell Congressional Debate Attendees Insist "We Stand for the Flag!"
Maloney-O'Donnell Congressional Debate Attendees Insist "We Stand for the Flag!" At Start of Actual Debate
By Edie Johnson
Orange County citizens filled the Kaplan Hall at SUNY Newburgh to hear candidates for Congress Sean Patrick Maloney and James O'Donnell debate a dozen or so issues of importance. A stunning moment occurred at the outset when the debate was about to begin and someone in the audience yelled out "Aren't we going to stand for the flag and say the Pledge of Allegiance". To a response of "No, we're going forward with the debate", there was a murmur, a few soft "boo's", and then quietly, the entire audience respectfully stood, put their hands over their hearts, and repeated the Pledge. Only then could the sometimes heated, sometimes friendly debate of the two proud candidates, both of Irish heritage, begin, discussing questions from moderators Barry Lewis and Ken Hall of the Times Herald Record and the Orange County Citizens' Foundation who sponsored the event. The format was a little different this time, with the candidates being encouraged to do some discussion between them.
They talked serious issues in depth. Early discourse on the topic of security and gun violence showed a clear difference, with Maloney emphasizing that he believes there is no place for AR15's, the most common mass murdering instrument, on the streets, and certainly not in the hands of individuals having already been deemed dangerous or unstable. O'Donnell differed, saying that while he agreed with the premise of limiting guns capable of mass murder, he felt that there needed to be a more specific definition of what constitutes an assault rifle. Maloney retorted that "We define things down to molecules. Surely we can define an AR15." But while O'Donnell did agree with the necessity of much better mental health care services and monitoring, he said that at the bottom line "When danger is in front of you the only way you can fight deadly force is with deadly force." But he added "If you can give me a good definition, I'd look at it." Maloney urged that officials "Need to stop doing nothing about it."
Both candidates disagreed with President Trump's idea of eliminating the birth rights of citizens born in the US but of illegal immigrant parents.
When the debate hit the topic of Health Care and issues of "Pro-Life vs Pro Choice" advocates, the candidates' stances were largely along party lines, Maloney being a democrat and O'Donnell republican. The bottom line to Maloney was that the choice of abortion should be decided between a woman and her physician, and within the limits set by law. O'Donnell objected in that he said New York's progressive laws are now allowing non-physicians to make that choice, and "It will make New York the abortion capital of the world." He gave the example of one of his own children who was born at about 3 months, but only survived for a short time, but still, he said should have and was given the choice to live. Maloney said that given the instances where it is necessary, he objected to O'Donnell's references to it as "homicide". O'Donnell responded "That's where it is in the penal code" …. to which an outspoken audience member shouted several times "Jesus would call it homicide".
Immigration policies were more agreed upon than many of the other topics that were discussed, with both candidates being children of parents emanating from Ireland. But O'Donnell was in favor of stronger border security. Maloney objected to the expense of a wall.
Possibly the biggest 'hot topic' of the evening was the Affordable Care Act. O'Donnell agreed that all citizens have the right to good health care, but dismissed Obamacare saying that costs have not been reduced as promised and people were not allowed to keep their doctor of choice. While he said he would not want existing condition protections removed, Maloney said that he did not trust republicans to hold to that promise. O'Donnell said that the best solution would be open competition to keep prices down, and restrictions on prescription costs.
Maloney said he was especially proud of the protections he was able to give the Hudson River against oil barges. But O'Donnell challenged him about running for the Attorney General spot, and trying to retake his Congressional seat only as a backup plan. But the most heated discussion came when Maloney charged O'Donnell with having led the charge to sell the county's Valley View Nursing Home to a questionable buyer and under the precept that it was dragging the county down financially. O'Donnell retorted that the claim of him pushing the sale and saying "I hope we have the 21 votes to sell it", had been incorrectly reported, and that he had said it should only be sold UNLESS financial examination could show that it could end up in the black. Maloney pointed out that it was mismanagement that had caused the home's fiscal stress, and that when rectified it could now boast a $51 M surplus. He added that with O'Donnell making frequent visits there now, "You can't buy your way back in there with more ice cream." O'Donnell reminded that the surplus money had long been in question, it being an Intergovernmental Transfer Fund that might have portions of its fund spent in the future, and that the reason the IGT payments are currently so high is because so many of the other county owned nursing homes in the state have gone under or been sold. Maloney countered that the entire sale proposal has been recommended to undergo a criminal investigation.
Both candidates agreed that college needed to become more affordable, and that at least some of the United States' new trade agreements have been helpful.
See this and many other great stories and photos in this week's Orange County Post.


text:
MUSIC 100.9 is one of the popular music station. MUSIC 100.9 station streaming music and programms both in air and online. It is a Top 40, Pop radio channel plays around the clock 24 hours live online. MUSIC 100.9 also operate various musical programs consistantly for the people of all ages.
MUSIC 100.9 website address is music1009.com
Popular Mix Radio:
Star Fm Zimbabwe
Observer Radio 91.1 FM
Eye Radio
Radio Flash FM
Tonga Broadcasting Commission
SOS Radio 95.9


text:
Breanne Buttorf
Jersey Shore High Class of 2008
Personal Info
- Name:
- Breanne Buttorf
- Graduation Year:
- 2008
Memories of Breanne Buttorf
Are you Breanne Buttorf?
This page means someone is someone is looking for you. Register for free to let other alumni contact you and more:
- Let others find you
- Contact old friends
- Share photos and memories with other registered alumni
Looking for Breanne Buttorf?
This is a placeholder page for Breanne Buttorf, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Breanne Buttorf.
About placeholder profiles
You are visiting the placeholder page for Breanne Buttorf. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Breanne Buttorf. We created this page automatically in hopes Breanne Buttorf would find it. If you are not Breanne Buttorf, but are an alumni of Jersey Shore High School, register on this site for free now.


text:
Barely two hours after attending the Pakistan National Day reception as the Indian government's representative, Minister of State (External Affairs) Gen V K Singh (retd) posted a series of cryptic tweets on Monday defining "duty" and "disgust".
While he made no direct references, the tweets indicated his discomfiture at having been deputed to attend an event at the Pakistan High Commission that was also attended by Hurriyat leaders.
The series of five tweets, under the tags 'duty' and 'disgust', came on a day when Prime Minister Narendra Modi conveyed his greetings to his Pakistani counterpart Nawaz Sharif, expressing conviction that all outstanding issues could be resolved through "bilateral" dialogue.
After his five tweets, Singh posted another tweet late on Monday suggesting that the media was "twisting this issue".
Singh posted his first tweet at 10.01 pm: "#DUTY A task or action that a person is bound to perform for moral or legal reasons." This was followed by two more tweets on similar lines: "#DUTY The force that binds one morally or legally to one's obligations" and "#DUTY A job or service allocated."
And then, there were two tweets tagged #DISGUST. At 10.04 pm, he posted: "#DISGUST To sicken or fill with loathing" and "#DISGUST To offend the moral sense, principles, or taste of".
An hour later, at 11.06 pm, he tweeted: "#'Disgust'ed to see how certain sections of the media are twisting this issue."
#DUTY A task or action that a person is bound to perform for moral or legal reasons
— Vijay Kumar Singh (@Gen_VKSingh) March 23, 2015
#DUTY The force that binds one morally or legally to one's obligations
— Vijay Kumar Singh (@Gen_VKSingh) March 23, 2015
#DUTY A job or service allocated
— Vijay Kumar Singh (@Gen_VKSingh) March 23, 2015
#DISGUST To sicken or fill with loathing
— Vijay Kumar Singh (@Gen_VKSingh) March 23, 2015
#DISGUST To offend the moral sense, principles, or taste of
— Vijay Kumar Singh (@Gen_VKSingh) March 23, 2015
#'Disgust'ed to see how certain sections of the media are twisting this issue
— Vijay Kumar Singh (@Gen_VKSingh) March 23, 2015
Earlier, when asked about his presence at the event, Singh told reporters: "The Government of India has to send an MoS. They sent me, and I went there and came back."
The Pakistan National Day reception started at about 7 pm and Singh spent about 10 minutes at the High Commission lawns —- at around 7.30 pm —- for a photo-op, and stood in attention for the national anthem of both countries before he left. He did not eat or drink at the High Commission, and kept a grim face during his stay.
While his tweets did not specifically mention the event, the fact remains that they followed his attendance at the reception. Till late on Monday night, each of Singh's tweets had been retweeted more than 200 times and favourited more than 100 times within an hour.
As per standard practice, the government nominates a minister or a minister of state as its representative at the National Day reception of the embassies of all countries. Singh has been a representative at the Chinese and the Saudi Arabian embassy receptions in the recent months. Last year, because of the model code of conduct, Secretary (East) Anil Wadhwa was sent and the year before, it was MoS, External Affairs, Preneet Kaur.
However, it is extremely unusual for a Union Minister to express his views on the merits of attending an event, which is part of his job.
Like every year, the Pakistan High Commissioner to India Abdul Basit hosted a reception for Indians to celebrate the occasion of National Day —- the presence of Hurriyat leaders at the reception has been a practice for about two decades now.
Among the Hurriyat leaders, Syed Ali Shah Geelani, Mirwaiz Umer Farooq, Yasin Malik, Bilal Lone and Abdul Ghani Bhat attended the event.
Among political leaders, Congress's Mani Shankar Aiyer and Rajeev Shukla were present, while nobody from the BJP attended the reception.
Monday, in fact, started on a positive note, as Modi conveyed his greetings to Sharif on Twitter. "I have written to Pakistan PM Mr Nawaz Sharif, conveying my greetings on the National Day of Pakistan," he tweeted from his personal handle at 1.04 pm.
"It is my firm conviction that all outstanding issues can be resolved through bilateral dialogue in an atmosphere free from terror and violence," said another tweet from the Prime Minister. His tweets were retweeted about 1,000 times.
Basit, who presided over the celebrations at the High Commission, said he didn't think India objected to his hosting the Hurriyat leaders. "I don't think the government of India is objecting. I suggest that the media not make an issue out of a non-issue," he said.
Responding to Basit's remark, New Delhi reiterated its stated position that there is "no place for a third party". "The government of India prefers to speak for itself," the External Affairs ministry spokesperson Syed Akbaruddin said. "There should be no scope for misunderstanding or misrepresenting India's position on the role of the so-called Hurriyat. Let me reiterate there are only two parties and there is no place for a third party in resolution of India-Pakistan issues," he said.
After the Foreign Secretary-level talks were cancelled in August last year over Basit's meeting with Hurriyat leaders, New Delhi and Islamabad had agreed on the "sequencing" of Pakistan envoy's meeting with these Kashmiri leaders.
According to the broad understanding between New Delhi and Islamabad in the past few months — as first reported in The Indian Express on February 15 — while the Pakistan High Commissioner can meet Hurriyat leaders on the National Day or any other time of the year, India had made it quite clear that there should not be any meeting "before" official talks.
Thus, the official talks between foreign secretaries or foreign ministers will remain separate from the Pakistan envoy's meetings with the Hurriyat leaders. Foreign Secretary S Jaishankar's Pakistan visit was scheduled on March 3 — almost three weeks before the Pakistan's National Day reception.


text:
Led by Amy Silverman
Step into a relaxed collaborative space designed to cultivate community through a fun Open-Mic format with your facilitator and emcee Amy Silverman. Cozy up with a new friend and take in the gifts of those who have gathered. Share your music or poetry, tell a story, start a discussion, display your art, or even present your short video using our projector and speakers. This is a community collaborative space for us to convene and converge around creative expression. Not sure what your "special talent" is? Don't worry – we've got lots of creative ways to spark your self-expression like storytelling-prompts, improv games, circle-singing, and collaborative poetry writing on-the-spot.


text:
will be a sufficient quantum of proof to indicate that a confession was or wasn't voluntary, has arisen from a false impression of the topic to which the proof ought to deal with alone. The rule is not that to be able to render an announcement admissible the proof have to be adequate to determine that the particular communications contained in an announcement have been voluntarily created, but it surely needs to be sufficient to ascertain which the producing with the statement was voluntary; which is to mention, that in the causes, which the regulation treats as lawfully sufficient to engender while in the mind of your accused hope or fear in regard towards the criminal offense charged, the accused was not involuntarily impelled to make an announcement, when but with the improper influences he would have remained silent. . . ." 168 U.S., at 549
strengthened, the Rules call for that a cautionary warning be given an accused by a law enforcement officer as soon as he has evidence that affords affordable grounds for suspicion; Additionally they demand that any assertion created be given through the accused without questioning by police.
In working with custodial interrogation, we won't presume that a defendant has actually been successfully apprised of his legal rights and that his privilege towards self-incrimination has actually been sufficiently safeguarded with a document that doesn't clearly show that any warnings happen to be provided or that any productive alternative has long been used. Nor can a knowing and smart waiver of
Cohesion between sentences is attained from the usage of deictic pronouns as anaphora (e.g. which is precisely what I indicate in which that refers to some fact identified to both of those interlocutors, or then used to Find some time of a narrated occasion relative to time of a Formerly narrated celebration).[198] Discourse markers like oh, so or very well, also signal the progression of Suggestions in between sentences and enable to develop cohesion.
The mathematical concept is hard to outline formally even for mathematicians, but vital attributes may be understood with very little mathematical background.
There exists index some disagreement among authorities regarding how the strategy of the fractal must be formally defined. Mandelbrot himself summarized it as "wonderful, damn tricky, significantly beneficial. That is fractals."[thirteen] More formally, in 1982 Mandelbrot mentioned that "A fractal is by definition a established for which the Hausdorff-Besicovitch dimension strictly exceeds the topological dimension.
responsible citizenship for individuals to present regardless of what info They might need to support in legislation enforcement. In these kinds of cases the powerful atmosphere inherent inside the process of in-custody interrogation will not be essentially existing.
] The choices of the Court have certain the identical procedural security for the defendant no matter whether his confession was used in a federal or condition court.
As a consequence of its status a world language, English is expeditious when it arrives adopting foreign terms, and borrows vocabulary from numerous other sources. Early experiments of English vocabulary by lexicographers, the scholars who formally analyze vocabulary, compile dictionaries, or the two, were being impeded by a lack of extensive knowledge on true vocabulary in use from excellent-quality content linguistic corpora,[201] collections of genuine published texts and spoken passages.
] See p. 454, supra. Lord Devlin has commented: "It's possible that even today, when There's significantly less ignorance about these matters than previously, there is still a standard belief that you choose to must remedy all questions set to you by a policeman, or at the very least that it's going to be the worse for you if you do not.
much more unwilling to tell of his indiscretions or criminal habits within the walls of his home. Also his family and also other good friends are nearby, their existence lending moral help.
(1892). We've been contented that every one the concepts embodied from the privilege implement to informal compulsion exerted by law-enforcement officers all through in-custody questioning. A see here person swept from common surroundings into police custody, surrounded by antagonistic forces, and subjected to the techniques of persuasion explained higher than can not be normally than below compulsion to speak.
(1938), and we re-assert these standards as placed on in-custody interrogation. Considering that the State is responsible for setting up the isolated situation underneath which the interrogation normally takes spot and has the sole usually means of creating readily available corroborated proof of warnings specified throughout incommunicado interrogation, the burden is rightly on its shoulders.
This situation continues to be the subject of judicial interpretation and spirited legal discussion since it was made the decision two many years in the past. Both condition and federal courts, in evaluating its implications, have arrived at different conclusions.


text:
White eye makeup tutorial - Eyeshadow Images Stock Photos & Vectors Shutterstock
kinetic typography tutorial pdf
With these гЂђ Free Kinetic Typography Templates гЂ' your text will Get PDF. Articles Typography you can look through professional tutorials that are a great
side flip tutorial download
Download.com has chosen not to provide a direct-download link for this product and offers this page for side to side, and so on. These are the flip and rotate
naked smoky palette tutorial
My favorite palette has to be the Urban Decay naked smoky palette! of my naked palettes and my naked basics 2 palette. If I had naked smoky I would love to
opengl 4.3 tutorial
Lazy Foo' Productions. start by going through the basics of OpenGL usage. For this tutorial we'll be starting using the to modern OpenGL 3.0+ shader
fl studio brostep tutorial
Started listening to ALOT of dubstep recently ya see, FL STUDIO TUTORIAL: How to Make a Dubstep "wub Wub" Bass in FL Studio.
microchip tcp ip stack tutorial
ADC Tutorial ADC Tutorial; ADC This MPLAB В® Harmony TCP/IP Stack class was taught at Microchip's Masters Configure the MPLAB Harmony TCP/IP Stack and test
You can find us here:
Australian Capital Territory: Taylor ACT, Red Hill ACT, Pialligo ACT, Williamsdale ACT, Yass ACT, ACT Australia 2691
New South Wales: Inverell NSW, Charlotte Pass NSW, Willoughby NSW, Coonabarabran NSW, Wallalong NSW, NSW Australia 2014
Northern Territory: Woodroffe NT, Karama NT, Muirhead NT, Grove Hill NT, Yirrkala NT, Harts Range NT, NT Australia 0869
Queensland: Cowes QLD, Nerang QLD, Rockville QLD, Baralaba QLD, QLD Australia 4085
South Australia: Holden Hill SA, Woolshed Flat SA, Comaum SA, Seaford SA, Mangalo SA, St Peters SA, SA Australia 5033
Tasmania: Wickham TAS, Dulcot TAS, Queens Domain TAS, TAS Australia 7037
Victoria: Hadfield VIC, Nowingi VIC, Silvan VIC, Stanhope VIC, Coldstream VIC, VIC Australia 3005
Western Australia: Jandabup WA, Myara WA, Kambalda West WA, WA Australia 6039
British Columbia: Revelstoke BC, Valemount BC, Gibsons BC, Fraser Lake BC, Sayward BC, BC Canada, V8W 6W1
Yukon: Thistle Creek YT, Faro YT, Flat Creek YT, Champagne YT, Grand Forks YT, YT Canada, Y1A 5C8
Alberta: Peace River AB, Raymond AB, Provost AB, Carbon AB, Ferintosh AB, Foremost AB, AB Canada, T5K 9J2
Northwest Territories: Dettah NT, Whati NT, Wekweeti NT, Paulatuk NT, NT Canada, X1A 6L4
Saskatchewan: Wood Mountain SK, Leoville SK, Consul SK, Lang SK, Yarbo SK, Ernfold SK, SK Canada, S4P 9C7
Manitoba: Swan River MB, Emerson MB, Crystal City MB, MB Canada, R3B 4P8
Quebec: Richelieu QC, Lebel-sur-Quevillon QC, Trois-Pistoles QC, Lery QC, Trois-Pistoles QC, QC Canada, H2Y 6W3
New Brunswick: Le Goulet NB, Sackville NB, McAdam NB, NB Canada, E3B 3H6
Nova Scotia: Springhill NS, Mahone Bay NS, Argyle NS, NS Canada, B3J 2S3
Prince Edward Island: Tyne Valley PE, Lower Montague PE, Georgetown PE, PE Canada, C1A 3N9
Newfoundland and Labrador: L'Anse-au-Loup NL, Englee NL, Lamaline NL, Twillingate NL, NL Canada, A1B 4J8
Ontario: Coldwater ON, Edwardsburgh/Cardinal ON, Haldimand County ON, North Perry, Elsinore ON, Lakefield ON, Aikensville ON, ON Canada, M7A 1L3
Nunavut: Iqaluit NU, Dundas Harbour NU, NU Canada, X0A 3H9
England: Scunthorpe ENG, Stafford ENG, Derby ENG, Maidstone ENG, Basildon ENG, ENG United Kingdom W1U 3A8
Northern Ireland: Bangor NIR, Bangor NIR, Craigavon (incl. Lurgan, Portadown) NIR, Newtownabbey NIR, Derry (Londonderry) NIR, NIR United Kingdom BT2 2H3
Scotland: East Kilbride SCO, Kirkcaldy SCO, Hamilton SCO, Hamilton SCO, Livingston SCO, SCO United Kingdom EH10 2B3
Wales: Neath WAL, Neath WAL, Swansea WAL, Swansea WAL, Neath WAL, WAL United Kingdom CF24 1D5


text:
Author: Michael Brown
Brand: Michael Brown
- The Presence Process A Journey into Present Moment Awareness
Number Of Pages: 325
Publisher: Namaste Publishing
Details: Why is it so difficult to respond consciously when we are upset? Why do we instead resort to hurtful, repetitive, unconscious, reactive behaviors?
The reason is that we all have deeply suppressed emotional imprints that are programmed into us through experience and other's example. This imprinting unfolds automatically throughout the first seven years of childhood. Until these emotional charges are consciously identified and integrated, whenever upset, like programmed organic machinery, we automatically resort to these reactive behaviors.
The Presence Process invites us to aspire to 'conscious emotional response' as a way of life. Reading and applying the simple procedure in this book makes it possible for anyone, anywhere, to transform the quality of their life experience from one of uncontrollable re-activity, to deliberate responsibility.
We all long to be free of our emotional outbursts and to rather experience inner calm responsiveness in the face of difficulty. What The Presence Process reveals through direct experience is that any attempt on our behalf to 'get rid of' our emotional discomfort is misguided. Rather, it experientially reveals to us the miraculous transformation that unfolds when we instead embrace conscious emotional responsibility.
The Presence Process is a guided, self-facilitated journey into taking full responsibility for our emotional condition. It is a step-by-step path for the unhappy child within us to grow up emotionally.


text:
(Jim Hollandsworth is Graystone's Executive Pastor.)
This past weekend, Dale Rector and I took a trip to Haiti. The purpose of our trip was to visit Jeff Anefils and his mission in the mountain village of Platana. Jeff and his family have been attending Graystone for about a year and a couple months ago he asked me to come down and see the work that God was doing in Haiti.
Jeff and his wife are Haitian refugees who came to the U.S. 24 years ago as a result of persecution in Haiti. They have four sons and for years Jeff was a teacher and a pastor of a Haitian church here in Atlanta. Four years ago, God called Jeff to go back to Haiti. God gave Jeff a vision for a church in the village where he was born that would be a beacon of light in a very dark place. Out of this vision, Jeff started a ministry called Voice of Christ in Haiti. Over the past four years, Jeff has started the church, as well as a school for about 200 children (some of whom walk 2 hours each way to get to school).
I wasn't sure what to expect when we arrived in Port-au-Prince. I had seen on television the devastation of the earthquake last year, but nothing could prepare us for what we saw. Buildings are still in rubble from the earthquake, thousands of people are still living in tent cities – it was like a war zone. On our drive to Jeff's village, we passed the mass grave where approximately 200,000 people who died in the earthquake are buried. 1 in 10 residents of Port-au-Prince died in the earthquake. The four hour drive to Jeff's village took us up the most treacherous mountain roads I've ever seen. There is no running water or electricity in the mountains – definitely the most isolated place I've ever been in my life.
On Sunday morning we attended the church service. It was incredible to see these people worshiping God together. They truly have nothing in terms of material possessions. They trust God to provide everything for them. After church, Jeff showed us around the mission and the school. The mission owns about 50 acres of land and Jeff has a dream of using the land to expand the church, build a permanent school and start a medical clinic. His dream is that God would use this mission to transform his community with the love of Jesus Christ. Sound familiar?
Jeff travels back and forth between the U.S. and Haiti several times a year, doing everything he can to make ends meet and keep this mission going. It's incredible what he is doing on such a small amount of money. I know that God is using this ministry to reach the people of Haiti. If you're interested in supporting Voice of Christ financially, please send me an email – email@example.com. Please pray with me today for Jeff, for the people of Haiti, and that God will use Voice of Christ to transform that country with the love of Jesus.
Categories: Graystone Church, Missions/Outreach, Prayer