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We've systematically sought out the most beautiful and healthy hemp cultivars for our raw ingredients used in CBD oil manufacturing, and we always test for purity and potency. Hemp, because of its innate ability to thrive easily, doesn't require pesticides (the aromatic terpene compounds in hemp can actually act as natural pesticides), fertilizers, or herbicides in its cultivation, and requires much less water than standard commercial farming. The hemp we use is grown under the same methods and standards of organic farming.
CBD in all forms has enormous potential. Doctors are excited, the wellness community is excited, and I personally slather hemp CBD on my face to keep eczema at bay and put dropperfuls under my tongue to deal with anxiety. But, like all things marketed as panaceas, be skeptical and do your research before buying. If you're interested trying CBD, always talk to your doctor first (particularly if you're on other medication, which can interact with the cannabinoid). Start with a small dose and work your way up
CO2 extraction is one of the most common ways CBD is extracted from the hemp or cannabis plants. This method uses expensive equipment that adjusts temperature and pressure to extract the cannabinoids from the plant material, without damaging them. The other common method is to use solvents like ethanol or butane to extract the plant material. These solvents have to be burned off the final product which may damage the cannabinoids or terpenes in the process. There is also a risk that these solvents may not have burned off completely and could end up in your end product.
While this is just an example of some of CBD oil's list of benefits, the key things to note are the words CAN and HELP. CBD oil will not cure cancer, take away all pain, rid you of depression, or out-and-out remove your debilitating condition. The sooner you understand this, the better your expectations will be. For some potential CBD oil users the promise of something that will fix all their long-term sufferings can mean everything, so it is vital that all users know the limits of CBD oil.
There is a growing number of medical cannabis dispensaries offering CBD-rich products in the U.S. Most physical dispensaries are required to operate under state health and safety standards set by law. The state conducts background checks on owner and staff, and dispensaries must meet security requirements and strict licensing guidelines. When buying hemp-based CBD oil (low in THC or/and CBD) you will not need a card, however, to purchase cannabis plant-based CBD oil patients need to be certified by a doctor who is part of their continuing care, and who's registered with the state's medical-marijuana program. That, however, applies only to those living in states that have passed medical marijuana laws. It is important for one to visit the dispensaries and get as much information as to whether their products have been tested and undergone clinical trials.
While CBD is capable of aiding in so many conditions, there are limits to its abilities. It is therefore vital that you know what CBD is and what it can do before you go shopping for some yourself. Many of the less trustworthy vendors of CBD oil will claim that it can do just about anything! If you've done your research, though, you will know that this is not exactly true, and you can save yourself a whole lot of time and money.
In addition to assisting with internal health and well being, cannabinoids are used for skin care as well. The raw oils can be used directly on the skin, but there are specifically formulated topicals that use carrier compounds and ingredients that will allow the cannabinoids to soak into the skin more quickly and they may add a great scent or smoother texture.
In short, Cannabidiol – or CBD – is a cannabis compound that has many therapeutic benefits. Usually extracted from the leaves and flowers of hemp plants – though marijuana can also be a source – CBD oil is then incorporated into an array of marketable products. These products vary from the most common, like sublingual oils and topical lotions, to the less common (think CBD lattes). Basically, if you can dream it, you can buy it.
• Filtered (Gold) – This is the most processed of the oil extracts. The plant matter is all filtered out, leaving behind a stronger cannabinoid concentration. This oil is more of a gel texture and will be gold in color with a slightly peppery taste. The serving size will once again be 1-2 grains of rice sized servings per day, or as directed by your physician.
• Raw (Green) – This is as close as you are likely going to get to the plant growing in the earth. It will be composed of cannabinoids, plant terpenes, and plant matter. It's generally a thick paste with a small recommended starting serving size of 1-2 grains of rice sized servings per day. The taste will be very earthy (we use "hempy" as an adjective.)
Do you think CBD oil may be right for you? Then check out Green Roads CBD oils for the highest-quality CBD tinctures on the market! We offer CBD hemp oil tinctures in a different range of dosages, from 100mg to 3500mg per bottle, to meet your specific needs. Designed to fit into your daily routine and easy to buy online, Green Roads CBD oils were made with our customers in mind.
Tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, is one of the cannabinoids present in both marijuana and agricultural hemp, and it is the substance responsible for giving a psychoactive effect on the body. It is what gives a user a "high." The reason why hemp is used over marijuana when creating CBD oil is because of the former's innate low levels of THC over CBD, making it perfect for CBD oil processing.
No restrictions and our always-free shipping mean for unparalleled access to some of the world's best in organic CBD's. In addition, we are proud to say that we are quite knowledgeable in the CBD field and CBD applications as opposed to many out there, just trying to sell a product. If you need help deciding which CBD line is best for your intended application, we are always happy to explain the options to your fullest understanding.
Medical Marijuana, Inc. was the first company to retail CBD oil products, shipping them over state lines and internationally to over 40 countries. Over the years, we've worked to improve our techniques, increasing the efficiency of our processes and reducing the costs to produce our products. By refining our global CBD hemp oil pipeline, we have been able to keep the prices of our products affordable throughout the Medical Marijuana, Inc. store while still protecting the high quality of our products.
I tried CBD oil and it was just as useful for pain as yoga. This expensive commodity is just another catch phrase replacement theology trying to be substituted for what used to be adequate pain control treatment. Today at least my Dr stands there and says sorry as he lowers the dose by another pill. Thank you for trying. Our last ditch effort on Earth will be no doubt be to smoke MJ..
It's a truism to state that pain is an inevitable part of life. And it's true that we all, from time to time, experience pain that is short-lived and treatable. But those who deal with chronic pain know the debilitating, life-sucking reality of this condition. And traditional medications often come with long lists of side effects which can be as debilitating as the pain itself.
Hemp CBD is completely different from cannabis CBD. Hemp also derives from the Cannabis sativa L plant, and while it also contains THC, it contains it in volumes that are less than 0.3% by dry weight. Some governments, including the US, regulate the concentration of THC and permit a specific variety of hemp (called industrial hemp) that is bred with an especially low THC content. This is the reason why, when you type into Google "CBD oil for Sale", you get hundreds of companies trying to sell you their products – according to most all of them, CBD oil from industrial hemp is 100% legal to sell online and ship to all 50 states.
When extracting THC from the cannabis plant, it's not easy to separate the THC from the mixture. This requires skill, expertise, and technology. Some shady brands create DIY CBD oils by using dangerous solvents, and then try to sell their products online. They sell them at extremely low prices, looking to make a quick buck. Before purchasing, always make sure that the CBD oil you are looking at has no psychoactive effects, and makes sure that it has been extracted with CO2 techniques as this ensures that no dangerous chemical solvents were used. And remember that THC is illegal in most states, so you don't want to get on the wrong side of the law.
This product is not for use by or sale to persons under the age of 18. This product should be used only as directed on the label. It should not be used if you are pregnant or nursing. Consult with a physician before use if you have a serious medical condition or use prescription medications. A Doctor's advice should be sought before using this and any supplemental dietary product. All trademarks and copyrights are property of their respective owners and are not affiliated with nor do they endorse this product.
For example, using CBD vape oil requires a vaporizer, something you may be unfamiliar with, and for a beginner it can be intimidating. But vaping is only one option, and if you're new to the world of CBD, a tincture is your best bet—it's portable, discreet, and easy to use. And with only a few drops or sprays on your tongue, it's super easy to keep track of your daily serving size.
• Raw (Green) – This is as close as you are likely going to get to the plant growing in the earth. It will be composed of cannabinoids, plant terpenes, and plant matter. It's generally a thick paste with a small recommended starting serving size of 1-2 grains of rice sized servings per day. The taste will be very earthy (we use "hempy" as an adjective.)
There's some confusion between medical marijuana CBDs that contain THC and the THC-Free Hemp CBDs within states. CBD Daily uses CBD derived from hemp that is THC-free – which is drug-free, and can be sold everywhere legally. However, there are a couple states that have certain restrictions on CBD sales that prevent us from selling there. Please see our map to the right to see if we are able to ship to your state.
If you Google "buy CBD oil" right now you'll get more than 5,950,000 results, but you know what's curious? Most of these producers and distributors offer no tangible evidence to support the claim that their products are the best. Surely, lower prices are more attractive, but if I were you, I would think twice before picking the cheap CBD oil over the high quality one.
It depends on the testing standards of the lab administering your drug test. Most companies only search for the cannabinoid THC, which is the main psychoactive component of the marijuana plant. While Medterra products are THC free, there are some testing facilities that check for a spectrum of cannabinoids and could trigger a positive drug test. By law, you are allowed to ask the facility what cannabinoids they test for. If you are uncomfortable with that, you can call and ask anonymously. We suggest contacting the testing facility if there is any concern.
CBD capsules are all about convenience. They're portable, discreet, easy to take, of a higher concentration, and have no taste whatsoever. Because of this, you'll usually end up paying a little more per serving than some other CBD product types. If price is a concern, consider trying CBD concentrates. They're the most pure form of CBD oil and are also the most cost-effective.
CBD Isolate is CBD in its purest form. It is a crystalline CBD that contains pure CBD and CBD alone — nothing else! That's why it's called an isolate — it is isolated away from all the other things that the marijuana family usually contains. Isolating the cannabinoid CBD, as separate from all other cannabinoids in the hemp or cannabis plant, is what produces CBD isolate. It's just pure CBD that you can then use for a variety of other purposes or forms.
While it's surely a good thing to make CBD oil easily available for people all over the world, the increasing popularity of products rich in cannabinoids has a not so pleasant side effect. Driven by the desire to explore this business opportunity and get the most of it, producers use misleading marketing and deceptive advertising to increase profits.
44-year-old mother of two, Dee Mani, was diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer, the worst type. Dee's sister had died undergoing chemotherapy, the treatment her doctor's recommended, so Dee sought a different choice — cannabis oil. Dee says she took one drop of oil every night before bed and five months after her starting cannabis oil, Dee was cleared of her original diagnosis. Dee claims that the oil helped her with other conditions like insomnia and back pain and plans to take oil for the rest of her life.
Unfortunately, it's not always easy for consumers to determine which CBD brands and product claims' are trustworthy. With the growth in popularity of CBD oil, new brands and merchants are coming out every day with promises to offer you the best, high-quality supplement. However, there are few regulations, if any, to help monitor and regulate these claims.
Dogs and cats are known for their powerful sense of smell. They typically don't like having something new added to their food, making supplementing their diets to ease health issues challenging. However, CBD products for pets take that challenge into account. Developed by dedicated veterinarians, they've been designed to pass the taste and smell test.
Finally, in a 2016 review conducted by oncologist Dr. Donald Abrams studying cannabis' role in cancer care, the authors state, "preclinical data suggest that cannabinoids could have direct antitumor activity, possibly most impressive in central nervous system malignancies. Clinical data about the effects of cannabis concentrates on cancer are as yet unavailable. Oncologists could find cannabis and cannabinoids to be effective tools in their care of patients living with and beyond cancer". The review also notes that 82 percent of oncologists believe their cancer patients should have legal access to cannabis, according to a 2014 WebMD poll.
There are many websites claiming that their CBD oils can cure everything. This is not true! Reputable companies extract their CBD oils from specific strains, and remember that each strain has its own unique CBD/THC ratios. Also, some are Sativa and some are Indica; therefore, the oil extracts may work better on some conditions and some individuals than on others. Always read the fine print, and if a company offers a list of medical conditions the CBD oil treats best, just know that it's completely bogus.
CBD tinctures are some of the best all around CBD products! It's hard to beat the convenience of having a few drops from a tincture as part of your morning routine, or taking the travel size with you on the go to use at your discretion. Looking for something more convenient and more effective? Check out our Full Line of CBD Capsules, Vape Pens and CBD Balms and Lotions
To answer the question of which CBD oil is best, we have to understand the difference between the products: cannabis CBD oil is of course made from Cannabis (marijuana), and it contains high levels of CBD and THC. In fact, the THC can be anywhere from 0.3% all the way up to 30% and beyond. Cannabis oils are normally created to combat different debilitating medical conditions (such as cancer or Multiple Sclerosis), but they are also used for maintaining general wellness.
You can purchase CBD and hemp oil in specialty retail stores – over the counter (i.e. nutrition stores and smoke shops). Physical stores offer buyers the ability to see the products before they purchase as well as gives them the chance to actively engage with store associates by asking questions and learning about other products that they might be interested in. When you are looking to choose a reputable and high-quality CBD retailer, it is also important to inquire about the product's third-party test results. This way, you will be assured that you are getting a high-quality and safe product as reputable companies will invest in such tests to gain the trust of their customers.
Unregulated markets come with some obvious risks; lack of oversight, false claims, the potential for dangerous pesticides and contaminants. Cannabis, in states where it's legal, is regulated. Sold in state-licensed stores (akin to states controlling liquor stores, except with higher taxes and much stricter regulations) aka dispensaries, you can be confident that the CBD-dominant cannabis tinctures, topicals, vapes, and edibles on shelves are accountable to purity and accuracy tests.
Now comes the interesting part: the answer to how to buy CBD oil near me. A few top brands (which used to be sold only in medical dispensaries) have developed online processes which allow you to view their products and purchase CBD oil right from home, whether it be CBD cannabis oil or CBD Hemp oil. Also, many of these companies are now delivering packages to people's doorsteps, in all 50 states.
By botanical standards, marijuana and hemp are both cannabis. Of course, when you purchase hemp oil, you are not getting the same thing as if you were to purchase hemp oil in the form of a leaf or flower. In common terms, marijuana is the name that people often use for cannabis strains with THC. On the other hand, strains without THC are informally classified as hemp.
One of the important question people will ask regarding CBD oil is whether it is legal to purchase. A vast majority of CBD oil is extracted from hemp which is a non-psychoactive compound that contains none or very low concentration of THC, hence considered as completely legal and separate from cannabis marijuana regulation and authority. Many states and countries around the world are changing their laws to legalize the use of medical marijuana. CBD hemp oil products can be shipped to 40 countries (including all 50 states of America) while those from marijuana plants are not legal in many states, nor can they be shipped across most state lines.
As a representative with 2 companies that have CBD on the market and as a person with intractable pain and multple painful problems wirth my spine I can say that cbd does not work for everyone. It does nothing for me or for my mil who has a cancer like growth impeding her ability to swallow and has undergone radiation to shrink it. Everyone has a chemistry that's personal to them for some it helps but for many it does not. With that in mind it's a 50/50 chance of it helping and until you come out your pocket you'll never know. Buyer beware.


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Geballe dissertation fellowship
School of Physics and Astronomy. Members of the department have been noted for work in high pressure physics, the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method, and the development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements. It is well situated near many other leading institutions, such as Harvard, which leads to many combined research opportunities. Boren (nsep) Fellowship Jeffrey Harris, Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad Fellowship Michael Skalski, Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad Fellowship Alyssa Skarbek, Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad Fellowship Allison Somogyi, Alexander Grass Memorial Fellowship Human Movement Science Timothy Eckard, Promotion of Doctoral Studies (pods) I Award. There have been 46 Fellows of the Royal Society and three Nobel Prize recipients associated with the department. Dehmelt won the Nobel Prize in 1989 after he developed the ion trap technique and isolated both a single electron and a single atom and watched them perform quantum leaps. Kaul Memorial Scholarship Elizabeth Corteselli, Ruth. Awards Ceremony 4:30-5:30.m. In his empirical vision of epistemology Bacon saw the lab-based experiment as providing the foundation for trusted knowledge, which could then be built up into higher level, more abstract thinking. It also offers a Professional Science Masters Program in Medical Physics.
Moore Award Eric Trexler, nsca Foundation Doctoral Student Research Grant Information and Library Science Matthew Johnson, Miriam Braverman Memorial Prize; anchasl Continuing Education Award; MAC Student Vision Scholarship Amelea Kim, Friends of the Oberlin College Library Graduate Library School Scholarship Marine Sciences Jill Arriola, NSF. The most recent laureates are Sir Andre Geim and Sir Kostya Novoselov for their work on graphene in 2010. Winston Health Policy Scholarship Hayley Welgus, Rotary World Peace Fellowship Health Policy and Management Karthik Adapa, Fulbright Fellowship for Non-U.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Thursday, April 5, 2018 4:00.m. GO TO school profile. Julia Considine, Public Health Leadership, thibaut Davy-Méndez, Epidemiology, sarah Gaby, Sociology. During that time, it has grown to service well over 50,000 students. Past historical contributions to Physics include Ernest Rutherford, the father of nuclear physics, and Niels Bohr studying the structure and function of the atom.
Consequently, physics departments receive incredible funding and resources. Studying physics affords its pupils a myriad of choices from government research, medical applications, industrial uses, astronomy, and the study of the outer fringes of humanities knowledge. No matter how much we may try to ignore it, human communication always takes place in a context, through a medium, and among individuals and groups who are situated historically, politically, economically, and socially. US AND UK writers Only experienced ENL writers.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Texas Chief was a 1971 Amtrak original, inheriting its Chicago/Kansas City/Fort Worth/Houston routing from the Santa Fe train of the same name. In 1974 however, the train was renamed the Lone Star when ATSF demanded that Amtrak stop using the 'Chief' designation due to what it felt was Amtrak's unacceptable service standards not worthy of the 'Chief' name. The Lone Star would later add a separate section serving Dallas, but the train was discontinued as part of the 1979 Amtrak budget and service cutbacks. The following images capture the train at different times during its short Amtrak career, with the final views showcasing the Dallas section in the mid-1970s.
- Activity inspired by content from: 'All Aboard Amtrak' by M. Schafer
- Also see: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped..._July_1977.jpg
Locos: BLW/ZT + TrainSim F/L ... Consists: BLW/ZT ... Routes: Monon-2 & Northwest Line v6


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Memorial ribbon for Diren Dede, a German exchange student, on a mailbox across the street from the home of Markus Kaarma on May 2, 2014, in the Grant Creek neighborhood of Missoula, Montana. Kaarma is accused of shooting and killing Dede in his garage on April 27, 2014.
- Filename
- lgphoto_140502_0610.jpg
- Copyright
- © 2014 Lauren Grabelle
- Image Size
- 4256x2832 / 6.8MB
- Contained in galleries


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Showcase your talents and find collaborators!
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Using Insurance to Cover the Cost of Vein Treatment
At Advanced Vein and Vascular Solutions, we accept most medical insurances including but not limited to Cigna, Blue Cross, Aetna, Medicare, and United Healthcare. Be sure to contact your insurance prior to your visit, however, to ensure our specialists and treatments are under your coverage. For example, Sclerotherapy and Vein Wave are typically not covered by most insurance plans.
When you visit our office please bring your insurance card with you. Our friendly staff will obtain all necessary pre-authorizations from your insurance company before you undergo a venous procedure to ensure the cost of vein treatment is covered. Once all necessary insurance approvals are obtained we will begin your treatment. If you don't have insurance we invite you to talk to our staff about our cash pay prices.
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E. Spencer Kyte and Patrick Cwiklinski are back with another round of thoughts and predictions for this weekend's UFC debut in Hidalgo, Texas.
Here we go: the UFC's long-awaited debut in Hidalgo, Texas is finally here, fighters from across the wor— okay, I'm overselling this thing just a tad, but this is still a decent fight card, folks.
Dustin Poirier and Michael Johnson square off in an important lightweight match-up while Uriah Hall will likely bring his full bag of striking wizardry against the heinously underrated Derek Brunson.
While Spencer roams England in search of a jolly good time and hits the local pubs until he finds a UFC carrier, it's a Pat Cwiklinski takeover of the Punch Drunk Predictions and they're coming to you hot.
Dustin Poirier vs. Michael Johnson
ESK: Everything about this fight lines up for a Poirier win as far as I'm concerned.
Since moving up from featherweight, the new father has won four straight, collecting three stoppages and battering Joe Duffy for 15 minutes in the lone decision. He's shown the same power and boxing skill that highlighted his run at '45, but has brought with it improved patience and defensive tactics, avoiding brawls in favour of picking his spots and making them count.
Johnson is a gamer and entering on a two-fight losing streak. You can be sure he'll show up for this one, but I'm not sure how he wins. Poirier has the takedown defence and ground skills to beat him on the canvas and is the more active of the two in the stand-up portion.
With 25 minutes to work, expect "The Diamond" to continue to shine and score another stoppage win.
Prediction: Dustin Poirier by TKO, Round 2
Pat: Four fights into his lightweight redux, Poirier has certainly looked the part of a legitimate contender. Wins over the likes of Bobby Green and Joe Duffy have validated the 27-year-old as someone to watch in the 155-pound ranks and it seems like none of the power and speed he had at featherweight has been lost but instead bolstered by the move up.
Johnson is a curious case. I strongly believe he had all the tools to defeat Nate Diaz last December and decided to engage on the feet with the Stockton native instead of utilizing his superior wrestling. Yes, his striking has improved but not to the extent where he should be throwing hands with a seasoned boxer like Diaz. The Blackzilian needs to stick to his bread and butter and keep opponents cautious of the takedown at all times.
If Johnson tries to emulate the game plan he used against Diaz, he will lose this fight. Poirier is the sharper and more dangerous striker and should be able to piece "The Menace" up on the feet should the fight remain there. The question is has Johnson learned from his mistakes and will he go back to basics in Hidalgo? I have a feeling he will.
Prediction: Michael Johnson by Unanimous Decision
Uriah Hall vs. Derek Brunson
ESK: Hall continues to be a mercurial enigma in the cage; after collecting a sublime stoppage against Gegard Mousasi, he struggled to pull the trigger in a loss to Robert Whittaker. It's that uncertainty from fight-to-fight that makes it impossible for me to ever pick him.
In this case specifically, however, it has more to do with Brunson being in top form of late and only continuing to get better with each showing. The late bloomer from Wilmington, North Carolina has won four straight and six of seven in the UFC — his lone loss coming after amassing a 2-0 lead on contender Yoel Romero.
Hall is hittable and Brunson is a power hitter whose confidence is at an all-time high. While I'm not sure he picks up another quick finish, I am confident that he'll collect another win.
Prediction: Derek Brunson by Unanimous Decision
Pat: Nothing about Hall's UFC run has been predictable. He essentially retires Chris Leben and knocks out Gegard Mousasi via flying knee and punches and he's also dropped generally uneventful decisions to Robert Whittaker and Rafael Natal. We've seen flashes of absolute brilliance with this dude, but consistency issues continue to plague him inside the Octagon.
Someone who hasn't lacked consistency is North Carolina's Brunson, who has quietly compiled a 6-1 record in the UFC with his only loss having come to the monster known as Yoel Romero. It seems like the 32-year-old is finally starting to get some respect in the middleweight division and a win over Hall would go a long way in securing him a brand name opponent.
Anything can happen here. Hall can come in with a spinning back fist or roundhouse to finish his opponent in 30 seconds while Brunson has the potential for something similar. I do think Hall is a little more dangerous on the feet but Brunson is a bit smarter with his striking. This is a coin flip for me, but I'm picking Brunson to edge Hall out in yet another decision loss for "Prime Time."
Prediction: Derek Brunson by Unanimous Decision
Evan Dunham vs. Rick Glenn
ESK: Glenn is tagging in on short notice for Abel Trujillo and while he's making his maiden voyage into the Octagon, "The Gladiator" is far from a new name to those that pay attention to the sport beyond the walls of the Octagon.
The 27-year-old is 18-3 and has only lost once since March 2010, that coming when he dropped the WSOF featherweight belt to Lance Palmer.
Dunham has reestablished himself as a fringe contender with three straight decision wins, but Glenn presents different problems than Trujillo and I think the newcomer will be too much for the veteran. Look for him to use his length, sting Dunham with something sharp and finish him off on the ground.
Prediction: Rick Glenn by TKO, Round 3
Pat: For those writing Glenn off simply because he's a short-notice replacement, you might be in for a bit of a surprise. This dude has some legit credentials to his name and his long and rangy strikes make him difficult to deal with on the feet.
Dunham's recent resurgence with wins over the likes of Joe Lauzon and Ross Pearson still has me slightly favouring the 34-year-old UFC vet heading into this one, though. I think he finds a way to get Glenn to the mat and create some work from top position on his way to four straight victories.
Prediction: Evan Dunham by Unanimous Decision
Roan Carneiro vs. Kenny Robertson
ESK: This is a tough one to call for multiple reasons.
First, Robertson is returning for the first time in over a year and having never been a plus athlete, you have to wonder how a lengthy stay on the shelf following an injury is going to impact the former woodshop teacher.
Second, "Jucao" is dropping to welterweight after returning to the Octagon as a middleweight. He's fought just twice since coming back, beating Mark Munoz and getting beaten by Derek Brunson, and his overall lack of activity contributes to the difficulty of diagnosing what will happen here.
My best projection is that Robertson remains the durable, blue collar guy he's always been and wears out the Brazilian — pressuring with volume, dragging him to the ground and working from top position while ensuring not to leave his neck or an arm available for the taking.
Prediction: Kenny Robertson by Unanimous Decision
Pat: Carneiro was on the cusp of a great showcase opportunity against Gegard Mousasi before pulling out with an injury in a fight that ultimately gave Uriah Hall credibility as a legit middleweight threat back in September 2015.
The 38-year-old Brazilian has only been seen inside the Octagon once since then, which happened to be a tough first-round TKO loss to Derek Brunson. I don't think Robertson is overly talented, but his overall game is better and he's more a savvy vet that deals better with adversity. I got him winning this thing by decision.
Prediction: Kenny Robertson by Unanimous Decision
Chris Wade vs. Islam Makhachev
ESK: I know this looks like a wrestling battle on paper, but something tells me that Wade finds a way to win this with his hands, early.
Here's the thing: he wasn't all that pumped about going to Rotterdam to fight a replacement opponent and ultimately lost that fight because he couldn't nullify Rustam Khabilov's wrestling. Now he's booked here in mid-September, which means he's not fighting at home in NYC in two months and you best believe he'll be fired up about that.
Makhachev got blasted early last time and isn't the same caliber of wrestler Khabilov is at this point, at least not from an aggression and execution standpoint. Look for Wade to open up with hands early and get the finish, swarming Makhachev before he can get comfortable.
Prediction: Chris Wade by TKO, Round 1
Pat: I love it when Spencer hits the nail on the head and all I have to do is plug in the prediction.
Prediction: Chris Wade by TKO, Round 1
Chas Skelly vs. Maximo Blanco
ESK: It's a Maxi Blanco fight so anything — literally anything — could happen here. Craziness follows him wherever he goes, so don't rule out something chaotic coming to pass in this one.
That being said, the most likely scenario is Skelly using his size advantage to get inside and make this a grind, though he'll have to avoid early power shots from Blanco if he wants to get there. Once he does, however, "The Scrapper" should be able to drag this to the canvas and get the submission.
Or Maxi will hit him with some kind of crazy, flying knee that knocks him out instantly… but more likely the former.
Prediction: Chas Skelly by Submission, Round 1
Pat: Spencer makes a good point about anything happening in a Blanco fight. You generally know the initial striking storm is coming but if you can weather it, as I believe Skelly will, then you should be good to go heading into the second and third rounds of the fight as the Venezuelan's cardio deteriorates significantly.
Prediction: Chas Skelly by Submission, Round 2
Preliminary Card Picks
ESK: Sicilia, Muhammad, Carlos Junior, Quinonez, Montano, Morales
Pat: Sicilia, Muhammad, Carlos Junior, Gomez, Brown, Perez
2016 Punch Drunk Predictions Scoreboard
Pat: 188-132-4


text:
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About Us
Spangenburgh Masonry
Spangenburgh Masonry was founded in South Lyon, Michigan in the summer of 1996 by Robert Spangenburgh. Rob began his masonry career in 1990 as an apprentice with John Glen Building, a large commercial masonry company based in Northville, Michigan. After developing his skills in the commercial industry, he began to focus on residential masonry applications. At that time, residential building was at its peak in the Livingston, Oakland, and Washtenaw County areas. With the diversity that residential masonry offered, Rob took the opportunity to expand his career and founded Spangenburgh Masonry.
Over the past decade, Spangenburgh Masonry has observed the changing trends in housing and real estate. We have continued to work through both the highs and lows of the industry. Our company is dedicated to Michigan small business and eagerly employs experienced masons from our local community. Fully licensed and insured, we provide builders and homeowners with free estimates on-site or per-print. Our commitment to quality work is evident in every stage of the project. Please feel free to view our portfolio, request references or contact us for more information.
Hearth, Friends and Fire, LLC
Over the past twenty years, Rob has built a reputation with builders and homeowners throughout Southeastern Michigan. In 2002, he became a licensed residential builder and founder of Hearth, Friends and Fire, LLC. Today he works with builders, architects and homeowners in all areas of masonry design, concept and application. His latest projects include new construction, remodels,
additions, indoor and outdoor fireplaces, patios, pavers, decks, piers, outdoor kitchens, spas and more.


text:
Gaudily flagged and with the greasy
sounds of her only language, Antwerp
receives he who enters in city heat.
When I push through this façade
of freight containers, cranes and quays,
in a fury inherited from all our fathers,
she appears only to be a village's teeth,
rotting in a gnawed off throat on the Scheldt,
that still clatter around rusting billboards.
It's against older signs that she ignites
my zeal: under vaulted arches,
rustling brocade. In bleeding lace.
Albert Hagenaars, (translation: Catherine East)
From the collection CURFEW
WEL-Publications, 2000.


text:
How to Make Good Decisions a 62 Point Summary
- Derek Melton
- 1 years ago
- Views:
1 How to Make Good Decisions a 62 Point Summary How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time a 62 Point Summary 1 Uncertainty about Right and Wrong is Common and Bad Most people face difficult decisions every day. Some are trivial; some are very important. Tackling these decisions with intuition is unreliable. Moral intuitions often generate advice which clashes with other moral intuitions should you help a stranger in need, or put family first? Intuitions alone don t help much. Because moral intuitions lead to inconsistent advice, philosophers have tried to develop systems for making decisions. Many of these systems try to offer a clear and consistent account of right and wrong. Different philosophers have presented different systems. Some (like Kant) suggest right and wrong are about our actions, and have developed a system based on rules. Others (eg Aristotle) have said right and wrong are about virtues good or bad characteristics within each of us. Today s dominant system for right and wrong dominant because it is still at the centre of economics is Do whatever has the best consequences (utilitarianism). 2 So What s Wrong with Do Whatever has the Best Consequences? Do whatever has the best consequences has some attractive features. Several criticisms of it are unfounded. But it does have seven important flaws. Each is explained more in, How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time; here is a summary: 1. Do whatever has the best consequences can be self-defeating; 2. It only considers future events and ignores the past; 3. It places decision-making authority in questionable hands; 4. It doesn t discriminate fairly between people; 5. It sacrifices individual concerns to the group interest; 6. It down-grades promises, fairness and truth-telling; and 7. It doesn t offer any clear rules.
2 Most important of all, the argument usually presented for following do whatever has the best consequences doesn t work. This is the argument: 1. Everyone naturally tries to maximise their own happiness. 2. Doing right involves common interests, not selfish ones. Therefore 3. Everyone should maximise the total happiness of everyone. 1 and 2 don t quite lead to 3. It s like saying Everyone shops for themselves (in place of 1, above); Therefore everyone should shop for everybody (in place of 3). The main argument for do whatever has the best consequences is invalid. So we need to rethink right and wrong from scratch. 3 Establishing a Viable Basis for Right and Wrong (Meta-Ethics) Rethinking right and wrong from scratch makes us wonder what right and wrong actually refer to. Studying this is called meta-ethics, which means beyond or above ethics. Different philosophers have come to different conclusions on meta-ethics. Some say right and wrong are absolute qualities in the world perhaps as real as numbers; others say they are little more than personal tastes, or expressions of boo and hurray in response to what we witness. Many of the disagreements about what right and wrong refer to are smaller than they seem. This is because the philosophers are sometimes talking about different things. The real trick is to find an explanation of right and wrong which also provides useful advice the most important question is not What do right and wrong refer to?, it s What should we do? How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time sets out four routes for establishing a basis for right and wrong, which also answer What should we do? All four routes converge on the same conclusion the Help Principle. Here are the four routes: Route One: Reconstructing Utilitarianism Reconsider the common argument for do whatever has the best consequences (utilitarianism): 1. Everyone naturally tries to maximise their own happiness. 2. Doing right involves common interests, not selfish ones. Therefore 3. Everyone should maximise the total happiness of everyone.
3 This argument is invalid because 1 and 2 don t quite lead to 3. But if a psychological transformation could take place, so we really could imagine the interests of everybody else as our own, then this argument could become valid. We can only empathise with one person at a time we cannot imagine being more than one person. So the argument can work when there are just two people, and it leads to the Help Principle: Help someone if your help is worth more to them than it is to you. This also means that, with more than two people, Help someone if your help is worth more to them than it is to you doesn t become do whatever has the best consequences. Instead, it leads to two adaptations of it one for when people reciprocate, one for when they don t. More on this below (see Refining the Help Principle ), and in the book. Route Two: Correcting John Rawls approach This route adapts John Rawl s method for establishing a basis for right and wrong (from A Theory of Justice, 1971). Rawls believed people could agree fair rules if they were prevented from being self-interested. He asked what rules people would adopt if information they could use to set selfish rules was kept secret, so they couldn t know who in society they might be. Rawls said people would agree to the rule do whatever benefits the least well-off person the most (Maximin). This is because Rawls allowed them set rules based on an exaggerated fear that the least well-off person would be them. But if people aren t cautious, or if pandering to cautious people is considered self-interested so it isn t allowed, then Rawls method leads to the Help Principle: Help someone if your help is worth more to them than it is to you. Route Three: The Argument from Evolution Evolution has instilled moral instincts in us. Evolution is arbitrary a chain of our ancestors adapted to their environments, which were arbitrary. This means the genes, and the moral instincts that go with them, which have survived to now are arbitrary too. Nevertheless, we regard these instincts as profound, and they provide our basis for right and wrong. (It s fine to accept evolution is arbitrary AND our instincts are profound otherwise you
4 have to be indifferent to really bad things like punching babies and genocide; or deny evolution). One of the most profound instincts evolution has instilled in us is one-to-one empathy. One-to-one empathy leads to the Help Principle, Help someone if your help is worth more to them than it is to you. Evolution has also bequeathed instincts in us which contradict the Help Principle, such as selfishness and xenophobia. But one of our deepest instincts is that our principles should be compatible with each other: if one act of murder is wrong, then other acts of murder must be wrong, and so on. The Help Principle allows a system of right and wrong to be generated which has maximum compatibility with itself (that is, it contradicts itself the least). The system which emerges from the Help Principle complements the instincts of some 99% of the world s population (the non-psychopaths, those who experience empathy) to the maximum extent possible. Route Four: The Sherlock Holmes method There may or may not be something of value, or meaning in life. If there is, it makes sense to seek it; and if there isn t any meaning in life it doesn t matter what we do, since there is nothing of value to be lost. So we should seek value/meaning in life, whether or not it is there to be found. For someone who is alone, seek value is usually straightforward. But seeking value usually involves interacting with others. Good interaction requires a set of rules or agreed behaviour. Which rules? We need to choose rules which: 1. Are better than other sets of rules; and 2. Provide a compulsive kick so most people follow them, which in turn means they: 1. Motivate; 2. Do not contradict themselves; 3. Are reasonably close to our natural instincts and intuitions. Also, we can deduce that sentiments of right and wrong, such as our revulsion at murder: 1. Seem to us as though they re directly connected to events outside us, such as the murder;
5 2. Are really more like personal tastes projected onto those events (in the jargon, called projectivism ); 3. But are not just personal tastes because we have to take them more seriously, and because we can t change them on a whim (sometimes called quasi-realism ). This allows us to establish criteria for virtues which can underpin rules. Several virtues match these criteria. But the only virtues which match the criteria while their opposites do not are empathy and obligation. Acting on empathy to one other person leads towards the Help Principle: Help someone if your help is worth more to them than it is to you. The Help Principle also arises if you use obligation to establish a basic one-to-one contract between people (see Route Two, above). All four routes engage our natural capacity for empathy and obligation. These are virtues; the Help Principle is a guide to action; and the Help Principle involves comparing outcomes. Hence, this approach establishes right and wrong in not one place but three: virtues, acts and consequences. 4 Refining the Help Principle The basic Help Principle needs to be refined (that is, defined carefully) so it is not vulnerable to the seven problems which affect do whatever has the best consequences. How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time contains more detail on why these refinements are justified. In summary, the main refinements are: We need to let people choose for themselves, unless we know their interests better than they can ( can is important not just do ). To avoid double-counting, we need to exclude certain person-to-person wants when deciding which forms of benefits to deliver. (Person-to-person wants include deriving pleasure from someone else s preferential treatment or from someone suffering). This excludes racist preferences etc. When choosing in small groups of three or more, we empathise with each person individually, so the Help Principle does not lead to maximise total help/benefit to others. Instead it generates: Choose whichever option benefits any individual the most, which in turn justifies human rights.
6 We need to consider the consequences of our actions independently of when we make our decisions right and wrong should not depend on when. So we need to value the hypothetical impact of our choices on the past as well as the future. This is important for promises etc. The Help Principle is reciprocal to be applied to people only as much as they would apply it themselves. When group members don t reciprocate help they receive, the Help Principle generates: Choose whichever option brings about the greatest all-time direct benefit (close to Utilitarianism, but excluding person-to-person wants and including hypothetical impact on the past happiness). With these refinements, the Help Principle answers all seven problems listed in section one. 5 Applying the Help Principle to the Real World To make the Help Principle a practical guide to action, it needs to adapt for the real world. Problems of incomplete information, uncertainty, complexity, inertia, and the impact of previous commitments mean we can rarely make perfect calculations. To cope with uncertainty, complexity etc, we can adopt conventions. Conventions include social norms, rules of thumb, traditions of expected behaviour and some institutions. Conventions can provide useful approximations when the best course of action is unclear. Conventions need to evolve and adapt; we should be ready to challenge conventions from time to time. We should change conventions when they are based on out-of-date patterns about what happens in the world, or diverge substantially from the Help Principles. This convention on conventions means some flawed conventions are worth keeping, and it s OK for two incompatible conventions to co-exist, which allows for what s called ethical pluralism. It means most cultural differences should be welcomed or tolerated. An example of a convention to emerge this way concerns personal integrity: we should do bad things only when being good is worse because of the way our actions influence others. (More on this in Chapter 34 of How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time ) When the consequences of our actions are unclear, we can rely more on rules; when rules offer conflicting advice, we can resolve disputes by referring to virtues; and when these detach us from the world, we can go back to consequences. We need a full arsenal of ethical tools (acts, virtue and consequence-based ethics) to navigate the real world, so we can respond to uncertainty, complexity etc, and the rules which already exist.
7 6 Deriving a Full Set of Advice Using this approach can generate rules for all sorts of behaviour and situations when to make and break promises, rules for romance, laws, economics, tackling poverty, responding to aggression, how much to punish people etc. For example, regarding lies, we should Deceive only if we can change behaviour in a way worth more than the trust we would lose, were the deception discovered (whether the deception actually is exposed or not). In theory, the rules which emerge through this process are not culturally specific. This method generates credible answers for many problem cases which stump other systems for making decisions (eg Kant, Utilitarianism, Virtue ethics etc). How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time sets them out. The riddle of right and wrong is solved. We now know what is right and wrong, and we can eliminate uncertainty about them. But we cannot eliminate uncertainty about the world itself. This means we cannot be right all the time (in case you hadn t guessed, the title of my 2008 book was satire). We still need some judgement and intuition although now their role is confined to wisdom about how the world interacts, not right and wrong itself. 7 Responding to Critiques Critique 1: How do you know your system of right and wrong is better than any other? It s just another opinion (Relativism). Answer: No. You cannot be indifferent about everything your own survival, the worst atrocity, and so on. Even someone who says it s-all-just-a-matter-of-opinion (a relativist) must hold something dear. If you build on those somethings to try to make a system of right and wrong which is compatible with itself, you should end up with the system set out in my book. Critique 2: If right and wrong can be solved so easily, how come nobody else has realised it yet? (Critique made by Geoff Crocker in his 2010 book) Answer: Most ethics tries to locate right and wrong in just one place. It fails because ethical labels can belong in lots of places anywhere along the chain which runs from our virtues, through our motives, and our actions, to the consequences we make happen. Also, most systems try to define ethics as just one sort of thing, when really there are several different things which engage ethics our subjective moral reactions, the ethical mathematics (moral grammar) which allows us to deduce what our moral
8 reactions should be from similar cases, the conventions we develop to cope with real world complexity, and some social norms. Like light, which can behave as a wave or a particle depending on the situation, ethics can be different things at the same time. Or perhaps I m wrong, too. Critique 3: You can t derive an ought from an is (Hume, naturalistic fallacy) Answer: We haven t. We ve looked at all the oughts people use, and decided which oughts we ought to prefer so we ve gone from one set of oughts to another, which is fine. Also, remember that evolution is an arbitrary is, and has instilled deep intuitive oughts in us. Can you jettison all your moral instincts? Can you be agnostic about genocide, murder and punching babies? No. So we already allow some oughts which are derived from an is anyway. Critique 4: You accept our morals were implanted by evolution. So shouldn t we do whatever maximises the chances of propagating our genes? Answer: No. There are lots of things which could maximise the chances of our genes propagating perhaps genocide of other peoples, forced sterilisations, or rape. But all of them are still very wrong. Evolution gave us the riddle of right and wrong, not the answer. Critique 5: Right and wrong are an empty fiction they can t refer to anything, so whenever you use them you automatically make an error (Mackie, fictionalism, error theory). Answer: Although right and wrong don t refer to anything tangible, they are still useful labels. Also, saying right and wrong are an empty fiction cannot lead to so you shouldn t follow them because that advice would itself be an empty fiction. We cannot escape taking right and wrong seriously. We should take them seriously. Critique 6: Are empathy and obligation really the best virtues? If this is a reasonable query an open question then empathy and obligation don t define good (GE Moore s Open Question argument). Answer: This Open Question argument leads to an endless circle of assessing virtues by other virtues, which is unreasonable. So we must allow virtues to be assessed by criteria which aren t virtues. This is what we have done (in Route One), and empathy and obligation were what emerged. The Open Question is answered.
9 Critique 7: If right and wrong are really arbitrary preferences within us which we project onto things, then how can you deduce something is wrong because another thing is wrong? Surely allowing the deduction is an arbitrary preference too (Frege-Geach). Answer: Our sense of right and wrong works at two levels. Even though our sentiments of right or wrong are like personal tastes a bit like our reactions to art we have a more objective sense of how these notions interact more like mathematics. This ethical mathematics, sometimes called moral grammar, allows us to make deductions: to say one murder is better than another I need to pinpoint a morally-significant difference between the two acts. So it s OK to say murder is wrong (moral taste); if one murder is wrong, then all murders are wrong (ethical mathematics); therefore Joey shouldn t murder. Critique 8: Your system says we should push a fat man onto railway tracks if it would save four others from certain death. So really you re just someone who decides right and wrong from consequences. (Trolley problem) Answer: No. Even though a fat man should be pushed onto the tracks if it would definitely save four innocent others, that doesn t mean only consequences matter. Rules and instincts against killing are still very important it s just that they re over-ridden in this very peculiar case. Many examples like this one are like optical illusions, creating the false impression that ethics is either/or. In fact, it is possible to find middle ground between judging actions, judging virtues and judging consequences and that s exactly what my quasi-utilitarian system does. Critique 9: Can ethics really be explained in bullet points? Answer: Too much philosophical writing is verbose. Jargon confines it to academia, and the idea nuggets become mush in a slurry of confusing words. That s why I tried to avoid jargon in my book, although I did succumb to a long-winded title. The title was meant to be funny, though. Critique 10: You still haven t given clear advice about right and wrong! What should I do? Answer: Buy How to Make Good Decisions and Be Right All the Time, and find out.
Ethical Relativism 1. Ethical Relativism: Ethical Relativism: subjective objective ethical nihilism Ice cream is good subjective
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The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent (¢) units. The circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars (12 U.S.C. § 418).
The U.S. dollar is commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain (24.1 g) pure or 416 grain (27.0 g) standard silver. Since the currency is the most used in international transactions, it is the world's primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their official currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is also used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean: the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while still minting their own coins, or also accept U.S. dollar coins (such as the Susan B. Anthony dollar).
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar
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