text:
More than 100 million American families will answer their door bells and hand out candy this Halloween.
More like, 111 million, to be exact, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. They'll hand out Milk Duds, Fun Size Hershey Bars, Charleston Chews and the lamentable popcorn ball.
But I digress. The point is, that is a whole lot of trust in the "stranger danger" and the apocryphal "razor blade in the Snickers" era, no matter how you celebrate Halloween each year.
America, as a collective culture of many, many different cultures has it's share of odd holidays and strange observances – Secretary's Day, National Library Month, Flag Day and Columbus Day, come to mind. But none may be as strange as the varied ways and rituals that Halloween is celebrated in this country.
Every Oct. 31, children and adults – and sometimes their pets – dress up in costumes and play what can only be described as complicated role play, or "make believe." We go door-to-door, eschewing charges of vagrancy and panhandling, and beg for candy. Sure, we may eat more of the candy than we actually give out, but we also celebrate ghouls and goblins, witches and warlocks. We put gravestones in our yards. We wear capes.
If there is one universal truth of Americans and holidays, it's our communal love of celebrating them. Celebrating in every form. Halloween is just on example where celebrating belies our eternal distrust of others. Especially those others handing out Charleston Chews.
The Fed acknowledges 10 federal holidays annually. Others, considered "bank holidays," don't let you off for work but closes most banks and stops mail delivery.
Yet, Halloween isn't part of the sacred dozen or so "national holidays."
So does that mean Halloween isn't really a holiday?
Recognition for the holiday we now know as Halloween is older than Independence Day, Thanksgiving and most any other holiday not called Christmas. After Christmas, Halloween is in fact the most commercialized holiday. Americans are expected to spend more than $5 billion this Halloween season, according to a National Retail Federation survey. To go along with that, essentially more people get "Black Friday" off than Halloween.
A Facebook petition to make Halloween a national holiday has more than 8,000 supporters.
And that Christian dogma that, pardon the pun, dogs Halloween, doesn't hold up. Most every American holiday has pagan and Christian roots, meaning co-existence of two supposedly diametrically opposed ideals can be celebrated. Usually with candy or gifts. That always helps co-existence.
But unless Halloween is on a weekend, like it is this year, America works, banks are open and the mail is delivered.
The stock market shuts down for Good Friday but not Halloween. My son's babysitter? Closed for Columbus Day. Columbus Day! A day to celebrate an Italian sailing under a Spanish flag discovering a continent that was pretty much already discovered.
Labor Day, a labor union inspired holiday designed to honor industrial workers that offers a Monday off for most every one in September, was originally conscripted as May 1, or International Worker's Day, in the late 1800s. Little do people know the date of what we now know as Labor Day was changed to the first Monday in September because of that Spring date's close association with socialism.
So, we can celebrate socialized workers with a day off but not Halloween, or All Hallow's Eve as it was once called. All Hallow's Eve is a celebration that over time melded Celtic pagan rituals for the end of summer with Christianity's All Saint's Day. How that resulted in my third grade werewolf costume or my son's surprisingly realistic shark costume this year, is anyone's guess.
This I can assure you, as you trick-or-treat or tip toe through a fake grave yard clouded with dry ice fog, Halloween is indeed a holiday, whether the Feds or your boss acknowledges it or not. I'm not telling you that gives you the right to make this a three-day weekend, but if I had to guess, you'll celebrate it one way or another.
That National Retail Federation survey? They also said in 2009 Americans consumed more than 24 pounds of candy each. Each. Candy? Capes? Yes, this is indeed a holiday.
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Iran Population: 82,801,633374 VISITORS FROM HERE!
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|Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces led by Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, according to the constitution, is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts - a popularly elected 86-member body of clerics. US-Iranian relations became strained when a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran in November 1979 and held embassy personnel hostages until mid-January 1981. The US cut off diplomatic relations with Iran in April 1980. During the period 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US, UN, and EU economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement in terrorism and concerns over possible military dimensions of its nuclear program. Following the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 and a reformist Majles (legislature) in 2000, a campaign to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated. The movement floundered as conservative politicians, supported by the Supreme Leader, unelected institutions of authority like the Council of Guardians, and the security services reversed and blocked reform measures while increasing security repression. Starting with nationwide municipal elections in 2003 and continuing through Majles elections in 2004, conservatives reestablished control over Iran's elected government institutions, which culminated with the August 2005 inauguration of hardliner Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD as president. His controversial reelection in June 2009 sparked nationwide protests over allegations of electoral fraud. These protests were quickly suppressed, and the political opposition that arose as a consequence of AHMADI-NEJAD's election was repressed. Deteriorating economic conditions due primarily to government mismanagement and international sanctions prompted at least two major economically based protests in July and October 2012, but Iran's internal security situation remained stable. President AHMADI-NEJAD's independent streak angered regime establishment figures, including the Supreme Leader, leading to conservative opposition to his agenda for the last year of his presidency, and an alienation of his political supporters. In June 2013 Iranians elected a moderate conservative cleric Dr. Hasan Fereidun RUHANI to the presidency. He is a longtime senior member in the regime, but has made promises of reforming society and Iran's foreign policy. The UN Security Council has passed a number of resolutions calling for Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment and reprocessing activities and comply with its IAEA obligations and responsibilities, and in July 2015 Iran and the five permanent members, plus Germany (P5+1) signed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) under which Iran agreed to restrictions on its nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief. Iran held elections in 2016 for the Assembly of Experts (AOE) and Majles, resulting in a conservative-controlled AOE and a Majles that many Iranians perceive as more supportive of the RUHANI administration than the previous, conservative-dominated body.
Strategic location on the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz, which are vital maritime pathways for crude oil transport
|Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 1,648,195 sq km
land: 1,531,595 sq km
water: 116,600 sq km
Size comparison: almost 2.5 times the size of Texas; slightly smaller than Alaska
|Land Boundaries:
|total: 5,894 km border countries (7): Afghanistan 921 km, Armenia 44 km, Azerbaijan 689 km, Iraq 1,599 km, Pakistan 959 km, Turkey 534 km, Turkmenistan 1,148 km
|2,440 km; note - Iran also borders the Caspian Sea (740 km)
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: bilateral agreements or median lines in the Persian Gulf
continental shelf: natural prolongation
|mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
|rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
|Elevation extremes:
|Natural resources:
|petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur
|Land use:
| agricultural land: 30.1% arable land 10.8%; permanent crops 1.2%; permanent pasture 18.1% forest: 6.8%
other: 63.1% (2011 est.)
|Irrigated land:
|95,530 sq km (2012)
|Natural hazards:
|periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes
|Current Environment Issues:
|air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; wetland losses from drought; soil degradation (salination); inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution from raw sewage and industrial waste; urbanization
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
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| noun: Iranian(s)
adjective: Iranian
|Ethnic groups:
|Persian, Azeri, Kurd, Lur, Baloch, Arab, Turkmen and Turkic tribes
|Persian (official), Azeri Turkic and Turkic dialects, Kurdish, Gilaki and Mazandarani, Luri, Balochi, Arabic, other
|Muslim (official) 99.4% (Shia 90-95%, Sunni 5-10%), other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian) 0.3%, unspecified 0.4% (2011 est.)
|82,801,633 (July 2016 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 23.65% (male 10,037,814/female 9,546,710)
15-24 years: 16.57% (male 7,041,801/female 6,675,656)
25-54 years: 47.59% (male 20,085,331/female 19,319,933)
55-64 years: 6.79% (male 2,770,618/female 2,855,362)
65 years and over: 5.4% (male 2,052,541/female 2,415,867) (2016 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 40.2%
youth dependency ratio: 33.1%
elderly dependency ratio: 7.1%
potential support ratio: 14.1% (2015 est.)
|Median age:
| total: 29.4 years
male: 29.1 years
female: 29.7 years (2016 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|1.18% (2016 est.)
|Birth rate:
|17.8 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Death rate:
|5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
| urban population: 73.4% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 2.07% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|TEHRAN (capital) 8.432 million; Mashhad 3.014 million; Esfahan 1.88 million; Karaj 1.807 million; Shiraz 1.661 million; Tabriz 1.572 million (2015)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|25 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 37.1 deaths/1,000 live births male: 37.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 36.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 71.4 years male: 69.8 years
female: 73.1 years (2016 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.83 children born/woman (2016 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|77.4% (2010/11)
|Health expenditures:
|6.9% of GDP (2014)
|Physicians density:
|0.89 physicians/1,000 population (2005)
|Hospital bed density:
|0.1 beds/1,000 population (2012)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 97.7% of population
rural: 92.1% of population
total: 96.2% of population
urban: 2.3% of population
rural: 7.9% of population
total: 3.8% of population (2015 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 92.8% of population
rural: 82.3% of population
total: 90% of population
urban: 7.2% of population
rural: 17.7% of population
total: 10% of population (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.14% (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|73,200 (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|4,000 (2015 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|24.9% (2014)
|Education expenditures:
|2.9% of GDP (2015)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 86.8%
male: 91.2%
female: 82.5% (2015 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 15 years male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2014)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 24.8% male: 21%
female: 42.8% (2014 est.)
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|Country name:
| conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran
conventional short form: Iran
local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran
local short form: Iran
former: Persia
etymology: name derives from the Avestan term "aryanam" meaning "Land of the noble [ones]"
|Government type:
|theocratic republic
| name: Tehran
geographic coordinates: 35 42 N, 51 25 E
time difference: UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins fourth Tuesday in March; ends fourth Thursday in September
|Administrative divisions:
|31 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan); Alborz, Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi (West Azerbaijan), Azarbayjan-e Sharqi (East Azerbaijan), Bushehr, Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan-e Jonubi (South Khorasan), Khorasan-e Razavi (Razavi Khorasan), Khorasan-e Shomali (North Khorasan), Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh va Bowyer Ahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan
| 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed);
notable earlier dates: ca. 550 B.C. (Achaemenid (Persian) Empire established); A.D. 1501 (Iran reunified under the Safavid Dynasty); 1794 (beginning of Qajar Dynasty); 12 December 1925 (modern Iran established under the PAHLAVI Dynasty)
|National holiday:
|Republic Day, 1 April (1979)
|previous 1906; latest adopted 24 October 1979, effective 3 December 1979; amended 1989 (2016)
|Legal system:
|religious legal system based on secular and Islamic law
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989)
head of government: President Hasan Fereidun RUHANI (since 3 August 2013); First Vice President Eshaq JAHANGIRI (since 5 August 2013)
cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president with legislative approval; the supreme leader has some control over appointments to several ministries elections/appointments: supreme leader appointed for life by Assembly of Experts; president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term and an additional nonconsecutive term); election last held on 14 June 2013 (next to be held in May 2017)
election results: Hasan Fereidun RUHANI elected president; percent of vote - Hasan Fereidun RUHANI Moderation and Development Party) 50.7%, Mohammad Baqer QALIBAF (Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran) 16.5%, Saeed JALILI (Front of Islamic Revolution Stability) 11.4%, Mohsen REZAI (Conservative) 10.6%, Ali Akber VELAYATI (Islamic Coalition Party) 6.2%, Mohammad Qarazi independent) 1%, other 3.6%
note: 3 oversight bodies are also considered part of the executive branch of government
|Legislative branch:
| description: unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or Majles-e Shura-ye Eslami or Majles (290 seats; 285 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by two-round vote, and 1 seat each for Zoroastrians, Jews, Assyrian and Chaldean Christians, Armenians in the north of the country, and Armenians in the South; members serve 4-year terms); note - all candidates to the Majles must be approved by the Guardians Council, a 12-member group of which 6 are appointed by the supreme leader and 6 are jurists nominated by the judiciary and elected by the Majles
elections: first round held on 26 February 2016 with second round for 68 remaining seats held on 29 April 2016; (next full Majles election to be held in 2020)
election results: percent of vote by coalition - List of Hope 37.2%, Principlists Grand Coalition 25.9%, People's Voice Coalition 4.5%, joint Hope/People's Voice 4.1%, joint People's Voice/Principlist 0.3%, religious minorities 1.7%, independent 26.4%; seats by coalition - List of Hope 108, Principlists Grand Coalition 75, People's Voice Coalition 13, joint Hope/People's Voice 12, joint People's Voice/Principlist 1, religious minorities 5, independent 76
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the president and NA judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court; president appointed for a 5-year term; other judges appointed by the HJC; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: Penal Courts I and II; Islamic Revolutionary Courts; Courts of Peace; Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics); military courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Followers of Walayat [Ali LARIJANI] Pervasive Coalition of Reformists: The Second Step [Ali SOUFI, chairman] (includes Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front, National Trust Party, Union of Islamic Iran People Party, Moderation and Development Party Principalists Grand Coalition [Alireza ZAKANI] (includes Combatant Clergy Association and Islamic Coalition Party, Society of Devotees and Pathseekers of the Islamic Revolution, Front of Islamic Revolution Stability) Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran [Hssein GHORBANZADEH]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|other political groups that support the Islamic Republic: Ansar-e Hizballah Democracy Party (Hezb-e Mardom Salari) Executives of Construction Party (Kargozaran) Followers of the Guardianship of the Jurisprudent (Rahrovan) Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader (Peyrovan) Islamic Iran Freedom Party (Hezb-e Azadegi) Islamic Coalition Party (Motalefeh) Islamic Labor Party (Hezb-e Kar) Militant Clerics Society or MCS (Ruhaniyun) Moderation and Development Party (Hezb-e Etedal va Tose-eh) Nation of Iran Unity Party (Hezb-e Etehad) National Trust Party (Hezb-e Etemad-e Meli) Qom Theological Lecturers Association Reform Front Coordination Council (Shora-ye Hamahangi Eslahat) Society of Devotees (Isargaran) Society of Modern Thinking Muslim Women of Iran (Jamiat-e Zanan-e Noandish) Steadfastness Front (Paydari) Tehran Militant Clergy Association or MCA (Ruhaniyat) Voice of Iranians (Neda) Wayfarers of the Islamic Revolution (Rahpuyan) armed political groups repressed by the government: Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan or KDPI Harekat-e Ansar-e Iran (splinter faction of Jundallah) Jaysh l-Adl (formerly known as Jundallah) Komala Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization or MEK (MKO) People's Fedayeen People's Free Life Party of Kurdistan or PJAK
|International organization participation:
|CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, SAARC (observer), SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
|National symbol(s):
|lion; national colors: green, white, red
|National anthem:
| name: "Soroud-e Melli-ye Jomhouri-ye Eslami-ye Iran" (National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran)
lyrics/music: multiple authors/Hassan RIAHI
note: adopted 1990
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| none; note - Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy; address: Iranian Interests Section, Pakistani Embassy, 2209 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007;
telephone: [1] (202) 965-4990; FAX [1] (202) 965-1073
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
|none; note - the US Interests Section is located in the Embassy of Switzerland No. 39 Shahid Mousavi (Golestan 5th), Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, Iran; telephone [98] 21 2254 2178/2256 5273; FAX [98] 21 2258 0432
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Iran's economy is marked by statist policies, inefficiencies, and reliance on oil and gas exports, but Iran also possesses significant agricultural, industrial, and service sectors. The Iranian government directly owns and operates hundreds of state-owned enterprises and indirectly controls many companies affiliated with the country's security forces. Distortions - including inflation, price controls, subsidies, and a banking system holding billions of dollars of non-performing loans - weigh down the economy, undermining the potential for private-sector-led growth. Private sector activity includes small-scale workshops, farming, some manufacturing, and services, in addition to medium-scale construction, cement production, mining, and metalworking. Significant informal market activity flourishes and corruption is widespread. Fiscal and monetary constraints, following the expansion of international sanctions in 2012 on Iran's Central Bank and oil exports, significantly reduced Iran's oil revenue, forced government spending cuts, and sparked a sharp currency depreciation. Iran's economy contracted for the first time in two decades during both 2012 and 2013, but growth resumed in 2014. Iran continues to suffer from high unemployment and underemployment. Lack of job opportunities has prompted many educated Iranian youth to seek employment overseas, resulting in a significant "brain drain." In June 2013, the election of President Hasan RUHANI generated widespread public expectations of economic improvement and greater international engagement. Almost two years into his term, RUHANI has achieved some success, including reining in inflation and, in July of 2015, securing the promise of sanctions relief for Iran by signing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) with the P5+1. The JCPOA, which severely limits Iran's nuclear program in exchange for unfreezing Iranian assets and reopening Iran to international trade, should bolster foreign direct investment, increase trade, and stimulate growth. In spite of RUHANI's efforts, Iran's growth was tepid in 2015, and significant economic improvement resulting from sanctions relief will take months or years to materialize.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.459 trillion (2016 est.) $1.397 trillion (2015 est.) $1.391 trillion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $412.3 billion (2015 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|4.5% (2016 est.) 0.4% (2015 est.) 4.3% (2014 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $18,100 (2016 est.) $17,600 (2015 est.) $17,700 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|Gross national saving:
|33% of GDP (2016 est.) 31.7% of GDP (2015 est.) 34.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 50.8%
government consumption: 10%
investment in fixed capital: 27.1%
investment in inventories: 6.1%
exports of goods and services: 23.2%
imports of goods and services: -17.2% (2016 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 50.8%
government consumption: 10%
investment in fixed capital: 27.1%
investment in inventories: 6.1%
exports of goods and services: 23.2%
imports of goods and services: -17.2% (2016 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, sugarcane, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar
|petroleum, petrochemicals, gas, fertilizers, caustic soda, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), ferrous and nonferrous metal fabrication, armaments
|Industrial production growth rate:
|4.5% (2016 est.)
|Labor force:
|29.75 million note: shortage of skilled labor (2016 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 16.3%
industry: 35.1%
services: 48.6% (2013 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|10.7% (2016 est.) 10.5% (2015 est.) note: data are according to the Iranian Government
|Population below poverty line:
|18.7% (2007 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 29.6% (2005)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|44.5 (2006)
| revenues: $65.87 billion
expenditures: $72.29 billion (2016 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|16% of GDP (2016 est.)
|Public debt:
| 11.9% of GDP (2016 est.) 11.4% of GDP (2015 est.)
note: includes publicly guaranteed debt
|Fiscal year:
|21 March - 20 March
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8% (2016 est.) 13.7% (2015 est.) note: official Iranian estimate
|Current account balance:
|$17.2 billion (2016 est.) $8.234 billion (2015 est.)
|$87.52 billion (2016 est.) $64.6 billion (2015 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|petroleum 80%, chemical and petrochemical products, fruits and nuts, carpets, cement, ore
|Exports - partners:
|China 22.2%, India 9.9%, Turkey 8.4%, Japan 4.5% (2015)
|$62.12 billion (2016 est.) $52.42 billion (2015 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|industrial supplies, capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services
|Imports - partners:
|UAE 39.6%, China 22.4%, South Korea 4.7%, Turkey 4.6% (2015)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$135.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $110 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$7.116 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $5.348 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$46.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $43.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$4.656 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.097 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$89.43 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $116.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $345.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
|Exchange rates:
|Iranian rials (IRR) per US dollar - 30,462.1 (2016 est.) 29,011.5 (2015 est.) 29,011.5 (2014 est.) 25,912 (2013 est.) 12,176 (2012 est.)
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|Electricity - production:
|258 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - consumption:
|218 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|9.7 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|3.8 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|77 million kW (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|85.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|1.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|12.4% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|3.3 million bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|1.042 million bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|87,440 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|157.8 billion bbl (1 January 2016 es)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|1.93 million bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|1.952 million bbl/day (2014 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|240,800 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|12,630 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|174.5 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|170.2 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|9.86 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|6.886 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|34.02 trillion cu m (1 January 2016 es)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|650.4 million Mt (2014 est.)
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|Cellular Phones in use:
|total: 74.219 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 91 (July 2015 est.)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: currently being modernized and expanded with the goal of not only improving the efficiency and increasing the volume of the urban service but also bringing telephone service to several thousand villages not presently connected
domestic: heavy investment by Iran's state-owned telecom company has greatly improved and expanded both the fixed-line and mobile cellular networks; a huge percentage of the cell phones in the market have been smuggled into the country
international: country code - 98; submarine fiber-optic cable to UAE with access to Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line runs from Azerbaijan through the northern portion of Iran to Turkmenistan with expansion to Georgia and (2015)
|Broadcast media:
|state-run broadcast media with no private, independent broadcasters; Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the state-run TV broadcaster, operates 5 nationwide channels, a news channel, about 30 provincial channels, and several international channe (2009)
|Internet country code:
|Internet users:
|total: 36.07 million percent of population: 44.1% (July 2015 est.)
|^Back to Top
|319 (2013)
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 140
over 3,047 m: 42
2,438 to 3,047 m: 29
1,524 to 2,437 m: 26
914 to 1,523 m: 36
under 914 m: 7 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 179
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 135
under 914 m: 32 (2013)
|26 (2013)
|condensate 7 km; condensate/gas 973 km; gas 20,794 km; liquid petroleum gas 570 km; oil 8,625 km; refined products 7,937 km (2013)
|total: 8,483.5 km broad gauge: 94 km 1.676-m gauge standard gauge: 8,389.5 km 1.435-m gauge (189.5 km electrified) (2014)
| total 198,866 km
paved: 160,366 km (includes 1,948 km of expressways)
unpaved: 38,500 km (2010)
|850 km (on Karun River; some navigation on Lake Urmia) (2012)
|Merchant marine:
| total 76
by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 51, chemical tanker 3, container 4, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 2
foreign-owned: 2 (UAE 2)
registered in other countries: 71 (Barbados 5, Cyprus 10, Hong Kong 3, Malta 48, Panama 5) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|major seaport(s): Bandar-e Asaluyeh, Bandar Abbas, Bandar Emam container port(s) (TEUs): Bandar Abbas (2,752,460)
|^Back to Top
|Military branches:
|Islamic Republic of Iran Regular Forces (Artesh): Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force (IRIAF), Khatemolanbia Air Defense Headquarters; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Sepah-e Pasdaran-e Enqelab-e Eslami, IRGC): Ground Resistance Forces, Navy, Aerospace Force, Qods Force (special operations); Law Enforcement Forces (2015)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; 17 years of age for Law Enforcement Forces; 15 years of age for Basij Forces (Popular Mobilization Army); conscript military service obligation is 18 months; women exempt from military service (2012)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|Iran protests Afghanistan's limiting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought; Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf; Iran and UAE dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island, which are occupied by Iran; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea; Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
|refugees (country of origin): 2.5 - 3.0 (1 million registered, 1.5 - 2.0 million undocumented) (Afghanistan); 28,268 (Iraq) (2015)
|Illicit drugs:
|despite substantial interdiction efforts and considerable control measures along the border with Afghanistan, Iran remains one of the primary transshipment routes for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; suffers one of the highest opiate addiction rates in the world, and has an increasing problem with synthetic drugs; regularly enforces the death penalty for drug offences; lacks anti-money laundering laws; has reached out to neighboring countries to share counter-drug intelligence
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook

subset: commoncrawl


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Patricia J. "Patt" (O'Connell) Mullins, 80, of Stroud Township, passed away peacefully at her home surrounded by her family on Tuesday, March 26, 2013, after nearly five years of a number of severe illnesses. She was the wife of Harry A. Mullins, and they celebrated their 57th wedding anniversary on Feb. 4.
Born in Chicago, on Feb. 14, 1933, she was the daughter of the late Daniel and Margaret O'Connell. She was raised by her grandparents and attended parochial school, and later graduated from St. Mary of the Mount Academy in St. Charles, Ill.
Then she was employed by the Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C., where she met her husband-to-be, Harry. They met at a dance, which was a special celebration of the British Royal Marine Band, the president's own U.S. Marine Corps Band and the commandant's own U.S. Marine Drum & Bugle Corps in Washington, D.C. They were married four months after they met and moved to Stroudsburg in 1956.
Patt and Harry established the Harry A. Mullins Insurance Agency in July 1972, in the dining room of their home after Harry resigned from his prior employer. Patt had no insurance background, but worked tirelessly alongside Harry, where she rapidly learned all of the complexities of the insurance business with the assistance of several insurance company underwriters. At the time, Harry gave total credit to Patt for raising their five children while running the business with him. Harry said that she never once complained about her responsibilities and family obligations.
She was a member of St. Matthew's Roman Catholic Church and was active in many church activities. She was primarily involved as the secretary of St. Matthew's Altar and Rosary Society and a member of the founding group of the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, a weekly newsletter. Patt was elected the first president of the Pocono Jayceettes and was active in many community organizations over the years, and did some modeling locally, as well.
An integral part of her life was spent following the Philadelphia Eagles football club to both home and away games, where she and Harry became good friends of Coach Dick Vermeil, General Manager Jim Murray, Director of Player Personnel Jim Gallagher and many of the players. They were especially close with Vince Papale and his family, Ron Jaworski and his family, Harold Carmichael and his family, and Mike Dougherty, the video director for the Philadelphia Eagles and his wife, Marge.
Patt and Harry enjoyed traveling throughout the country and also took their children on many vacations. They especially enjoyed Ireland and spent many anniversaries in Aruba. She and Harry purchased a condo on the beach in Myrtle Beach, S.C., where they spent much of their vacation time, as well.
Patt was always known for being a rather private and loving person. In the 57 years of marriage, Harry emphatically states she never complained about anything. Her life was dedicated totally to her husband and their five children.
In addition to her husband, Patt is survived by her five children: Kathleen Mullins Shoudt; Colleen Mullins; Maureen Modzelewski and her husband, Thomas; Sharon Murray and her husband, Steven; and Thomas Mullins.
She was predeceased by an infant daughter, Mary, soon after birth.
Patt has six grandchildren: Kathryn Ace and her husband, Daniel; Michael Shoudt and his fianc�e, Teresa Spang; Daniel Modzelewski; Sarah Modzelewski; Shannon Mullins and Ryan Modzelewski. She has two great-grandchildren: Liam Ace and Jasper Shoudt, and recently was proud to learn she would be a great-grandmother for the third time in August.
She is also survived by a sister-in-law, Sharon Mullins Nichols; and several nephews. Last but not least, she has an aunt affectionately known as "Old" Aunt Gerri Mullins Keegan; and her dearest friend, Nancy Whalen.
A visitation will be held from 9 to 11 a.m. Monday, April 1, at St. Matthew's Roman Catholic Church, 200 Brodhead Ave., East Stroudsburg.
A Mass of Christian Burial will be celebrated at 11 a.m. Monday at the church with Msgr. John A. Bergamo as the celebrant. Immediately following the Mass, burial will take place at Stroudsburg Cemetery, Dreher Avenue, Stroudsburg. Following the burial, a Celebration of Life luncheon will be held at Terraview, Stroudsmoor Country Inn, Stroudsburg.
In lieu of flowers, memorial donations may be made in Patt's memory to St. Matthew's Roman Catholic Church, 200 Brodhead Ave., East Stroudsburg, PA 18301.
The family would like to thank and express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Kesselring, Dr. Goldner and Dr. Ponnathpur, Pocono Medical Center, Pleasant Valley Manor (especially Sheila and Cindy) and VNA Hospice, especially Darlene, Joe and Debbie, for the outstanding care, compassion and concern provided during the past several years of her illnesses.
William H. Clark Funeral Home
1003 Main St., Stroudsburg
Patricia J. "Patt" (O'Connell) Mullins
Patricia J. "Patt" (O'Connell) Mullins, 80, of Stroud Township, passed away peacefully at her home surrounded by her family on Tuesday, March 26, 2013, after nearly five years of a number of severe illnesses. She was the wife of Harry A. Mullins, and they celebrated their 57th wedding anniversary on Feb. 4.


text:
The Division for Public Institutions and Digital Government of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations was entrusted by the General Assembly in late 1999 to develop and implement an important programme entitled 'United Nations Public Administration Network (UNPAN)', (originally referred to as the United Nations Online Network in Public Administration and Finance).
UNPAN is designed to help countries, especially developing countries and countries in economic transition, to respond to the challenges that governments face in bridging the digital divide between the 'haves and have-nots' and to achieve their development goals. It is now revitalized to help governments advance the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
The immediate objective of UNPAN is to establish an internet-based network that links regional and national institutions devoted to public administration, thereby facilitating information exchange, experience sharing, and training in the area of public sector policy and management.
The long-term objective of UNPAN is to build the capacity of these regional and national institutions, so that they can access, process and disseminate relevant information by means of up-to-date information and communication technologies (ICTs) for the promotion of better public administration.
Before the UNPAN network was established, these institutions could not exert their full impact due to the lack of the necessary ICTs and financial and skilled human resources. However, after several years of active participation in the UNPAN programme, the capacities of these institutions in e-information management have been strengthened and they are now better prepared to face the evolving needs of their respective member countries with reference to public administration development. UNPAN is also revitalized to support national, regional and global efforts and initiatives on transformative governance and innovative public administration in advancing sustainable development.
In short, UNPAN's mission is to promote the sharing of knowledge, experiences and best practices, throughout the world by means of ICTs, sound public policies, effective public administration and efficient civil services, and through capacity-building and cooperation among Member States, with an emphasis on South-South cooperation and UNPAN's commitment to integrity and excellence. It is the only network of its type in the world today.
7th UNPAN Workshop on Next Stage in Open Government Data: Using Data for Transparency, Accountability and Collaboration
6th UNPAN Knowledge Management Workshop on Harnessing Knowledge Management through Web 2.0 Tools
Fifth UNPAN Training on e-Knowledge Management
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Panel on Extension of UNPAN in the Arab Region: Strengthening Cooperation
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Guidelines on Classification and Validation of UNPAN Information
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UNPAN Online Documentation Process Flow Diagram
UNPAN Classified Keyword List
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Manual on How to Contribute Events to UNPAN
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Online Directories
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Video Clip Library
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Governance World Watch (issued monthly since 1999)
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Assessment Check List for UNPAN-ORCs
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Episodes Include: Escape: Earth Abides Part 1 11-05-50, Earth Abides Part 2 11-12-50, The Fourth Man 08-18-47; Suspense: Study of a Murderer 01-20-55; Fibber McGee and Molly: Cannery Executive 04-25-44; The Great Gildersleeve: Folk Dancing Class 06-01-49; The Jack Benny Program: Murder Mystery 03-25-45, Coming Home on the Train and Playing Twenty Questions 11-05-50; Arch Oboler's Plays: Johnny Got His Gun 03-09-40; Columbia Workshop: Alf, The All American Fly 09-01-40; Philip Marlowe: The Quiet Magpie 08-11-50; Pat Novak For Hire: Georgie Lampson 06-11-49; The Phil Harris-Alice Faye Show: The Kangaroo 03-06-49, Vacation Without Elliott 06-18-54; The Shadow: Death Under the Chapel 08-28-38; X Minus One: Drop Dead 08-22-57; Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar: The Silver Blue Matter 05-07-56 through 05-11-56; Lights Out: The Sub-Basement 08-24-43; Quiet Please: The Evening and the Morning 11-14-48


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Aboriginal name Aboriginal word Adelaide Bass birthplace Brisbane called Camp Captain Cook coast Colonial command corruption Cove Creek d'Entrecasteaux Dalrymple Discovered and named discovery district Duke Duyfken E. J. Eyre Earl early settler Ernest Giles expedition explorer Fitzroy George gold Goulburn Governor Macquarie Harbour Henry Hill Island Q James John Oxley Kangaroo known Lady Nelson Lake later Leichhardt Lieut Lieut-Governor Lord Matthew Flinders McDouall Stuart meaning Moreton Mount NSW Mount Q Murray River name was given Named by Captain Named by Flinders Named by Governor Nicolas Baudin NSW Aboriginal NSW Named NT Named origin P. P. King Peak Peninsula Plains probably Q Aboriginal Q Discovered Queensland River NSW River Q Named river was discovered rock Scotland settlement ship South Australia South Wales station Strait survey surveyor Surveyor-General Swamp Sydney T. L. Mitchell Tasman Tasmania Thomas town township tree vessel Victoria water hole Western Australia William wrote


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Black men: obsolete, single, dangerous? : Afrikan American families in transition : essays in discovery, solution, and hope
Third World Press, 1990 - Social Science - 273 pages
The author examines the trends effecting negative changes on the African American male and responds with solutions. Sold in excess of 500,000 copies, a Third World Press best seller.
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Haki R. Madhubuti
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BOSTON -- Defense attorneys spent Tuesday attempting to tie former Chief Justice of Administration and Management Robert Mulligan to the same types of patronage-influenced personnel decisions that are part of the criminal case against three former state probation department officials.
Before becoming chief, Mulligan spent a term as head of the Massachusetts Superior Court, but after Barbara Dortch-Okara succeeded John Irwin as head of the Trial Court, Suzanne DelVecchio was selected to replace him, Mulligan said.
In 2003, the Supreme Judicial Court chose Mulligan to lead the Trial Court and soon after DelVecchio was up for reappointment with a powerful ally in the House of Representatives, Speaker Salvatore DiMasi.
"Sal DiMasi urged me strongly to reappoint Suzanne DelVecchio," Mulligan said under cross examination Tuesday. The top judge instead selected Barbara Rouse, who took the Superior Court slot in October 2004.
"But it was payback time," suggested defense attorney John Amabile. An objection from prosecutor Fred Wyshak left the question unanswered.
Former Probation Commissioner John O'Brien and two of his former deputies, Elizabeth Tavares and William Burke III, are fighting charges that they systematically rigged hiring to give jobs to politically connected applicants. O'Brien allegedly gave jobs to lawmakers as a form of bribery with the hopes the Legislature would favor the probation department.
DelVecchio and DiMasi came up earlier in the trial when Judge Bertha Josephson recalled hearing DelVecchio on the phone with DiMasi in 2000 or 2001, when judges still had the authority to appoint probation officers. "Well next time send me goddamn candidates who can make it through an interview," Josephson recalled hearing DelVecchio say.
Mulligan, who was the chief justice of administration and management from October 2003 through O'Brien's 2010 ouster, signed off on O'Brien's probation appointments. While the prosecution has tried to show he was repeatedly duped by O'Brien and other probation officials, the defense has sought to make Mulligan shoulder some of the responsibility for signing off on the hires and portrayed him as operating a similar system for hiring court officers.
Judge William Young blocked several other inquiries into Mulligan's history.
When Amabile asked whether Mulligan appointed a relative of a Supreme Judicial Court justice after Mulligan's narrow 2008 reappointment, Mulligan said that is "absolutely wrong and terribly misleading." Amabile asked about Timothy Mahoney, who is reportedly the son-in-law of Justice Margot Botsford, but the questioning was cut short by a Wyshak objection. According to Commonwealth Magazine, Mulligan promoted Mahoney to court officer in Dedham District Court, but then rescinded the promotion after questions were raised.
A question about whether Mulligan helped Trial Court Executive Director Frank Carney's son get a job in a clerk's office was ruled irrelevant and a query about Mulligan giving a court officer job to the son of Hampden Superior Court Chief Probation Officer Nick DeAngelis was also deemed out of bounds by Young. Mulligan said he served at the Springfield court in 2003 and DeAngelis used to cook for him and others.
Mulligan acknowledged keeping a spreadsheet of court officer candidates that listed public officials who backed particular candidates, and he said he kept letters of recommendation.
"Where are those files? They weren't produced, were they sir?" asked Amabile. Mulligan said he turned over everything that federal law enforcement subpoenaed and after further questioning said, "I did not destroy any files."
In addition to casting scrutiny on Mulligan's own personnel decisions, defense attorneys attempted to put him on the hook for O'Brien's probation appointments. Mulligan had the authority to approve the appointments, and he could reject them if they were not in line with Trial Court policy.
"You were the big boss over there?" asked Amabile.
"I was in charge," Mulligan responded.
The prosecution claims O'Brien orchestrated a system where job-winners were pre-selected based on the political heft of their backers and the purportedly merit-based hiring system was manipulated to make sure the favored candidate scored high enough in interviews to win the job.
"This was a very small portion of my responsibilities," Mulligan said of his oversight of hiring. He said, "I had to rely upon the people who were working for me to do this in a proper and honest way."
Under questioning by defense attorney Stellio Sinnis, Mulligan acknowledged that he didn't recall any "red flags" raised by the appointments of several hires that prosecutors claim were fraudulent. On several of the hiring forms – where O'Brien's signature certifying the Trial Court policies were followed is key to the alleged fraud – the space for Mulligan's signature is left blank.
"I'm perplexed by it. I don't know why it doesn't have my signature," Mulligan said.
Mulligan also admitted that while he believes he transferred $4 million into the probation department budget in fiscal year 2004, he had not seen any documentation of that.
"I have not. I spoke to Jack O'Brien about it," Mulligan said. Mulligan's ability to transfer money in and out of the probation department was left out of the fiscal year 2006 budget and subsequent annual spending bills, which prosecutors have claimed was part of a "quid pro quo" with Rep. Robert DeLeo, who was then chairman of Ways and Means and is now Speaker of the House.
While Young restricted much of the testimony about Mulligan's appointments, defense attorneys have been able to quiz the retired judge about court officer hires.
Sinnis zeroed in on Ralph Ruzzo, the former manager of Antonio's Restaurant in Boston, who was appointed an associate court officer and promoted to a court officer in 2008 with the backing of former Senate President Robert Travaglini and East Boston Sen. Anthony Petruccelli, according to notes kept by an aide to Senate President Therese Murray.
"This is an entry-level position," Mulligan said. He said Ruzzo must have performed well as an associate court officer to warrant the promotion.
During discussion of the fiscal year 2010 budget, Mulligan lobbied members of the House and Senate with personal notes that referenced their district, in an attempt to override an $18.5 million gubernatorial veto of the Judiciary budget, he said.
Mulligan said his suspicions that hiring was amiss in probation were heightened by a meeting at his home in 2005 or 2006 with Ed Dalton, who was then a regional probation administrator. Dalton's account of the extent of top-down influence on hiring decisions was a surprise, Mulligan said.
In a 2012 interview with Commonwealth Magazine, former Supreme Judicial Court Judge John Greaney said Mulligan had never told justices on the high court about his concerns over probation hiring.
"At the administrative levels of the Trial Court, they knew what was going on. I think Mulligan had a good sense that there were some real problems here. But we had no direct knowledge of it until the whole thing blew up. I can assure you that if we had known about it, we would have taken some aggressive action at that point," Greaney told Commonwealth. Placing the blame on the courts and lawmakers, Greaney said, "People were asleep at the switch."
Young also cut short questioning about the political support Mulligan and his family had given Gov. Edward King. King appointed Mulligan to his judgeships and appointed his brother Gerald Mulligan commissioner of banks. Mulligan donated $1,000 to King's campaign in October 1978, according to records at the Governor's Council. Amabile noted King nominated him for the Superior Court in December 1982 when the governor was a "lame duck."
Amabile and Sinnis took varying approaches to their cross examination of Mulligan. Last week, Sinnis led off asking Mulligan if he recognized his brother sitting in the court room, and then accused Mulligan of attempting to influence the hiring of an acquaintance of his brother Gerald. At times, Young stepped in and cautioned Sinnis to allow Mulligan to finish his answer before delivering another question.
Amabile led off noting how he and Mulligan have known each other professionally for decades, and later asked if he wanted to be called "Judge Mulligan" or "Mr. Mulligan," settling on "Mr. Mulligan" when the former judge said it was up to Amabile. The defense attorney also at one point instructed the judge to call him "Mr. Amabile" rather than "John."
Amabile also noted that Mulligan had declined invitations to meet with the defense, though he had met several times with the FBI, and asked pointed questions of the retired judge, asking if he was "in a little over your head" as the chief of the Trial Court.
Mulligan was at times insistent on giving an extensive answer to questions, rather than a yes or no, but did not appear particularly rattled by cross examination, smiling at times when Young told him to limit his answers to the questions asked.
Mulligan was O'Brien's superior, and Mulligan and the SJC suspended O'Brien on May 24, 2010, the day after a Boston Globe story detailing patronage in the probation department. Mulligan's testimony could go toward a conviction for O'Brien and his former deputies, on charges, which defense attorneys have said carry a sentence of up to 20 years.
"You didn't like Jack O'Brien, is that correct?" Amabile asked.
"I didn't like the way he acted and what he did," Mulligan said.
The trial ended Tuesday afternoon with prosecutor Fred Wyshak resuming his examination of Mulligan, who will likely return to the stand Wednesday morning.
Defense in probation trial targets former chief judge
BOSTON -- Defense attorneys spent Tuesday attempting to tie former Chief Justice of Administration and Management Robert Mulligan to the same types of patronage-influenced personnel decisions that are part of the criminal case against three former state probation department officials.


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America's #1 Christian Counseling Call-In Radio Program. Since 1985 New Life Live! has been broadcast as a nationally-syndicated, interactive talk radio program which deals with mental health, emotional, relational and spiritual issues from a biblical perspective.
Steve Arterburn is the founder and chairman of New Life Ministries and host of the #1 nationally syndicated Christian counseling talk show New Life Live! heard and watched by over 2 million people each week on nearly 200 radio stations nationwide, on XM and Sirius Satellite radio and on NRBTV. Steve is the founder of the Women of Faith conferences attended by over 5 million people. He also serves as a teaching pastor in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Steve is a nationally and internationally known public speaker and has been featured in national media venues such as Oprah, Inside Edition, Good Morning America, CNN Live, The New York Times, USA Today, US News & World Report, ABC World News Tonight, and ironically in GQ and Rolling Stone magazines. Steve has spoken at major events for the National Center for Fathering, American Association of Christian Counselors, Promise Keepers Canada, Life Well Conferences in Australia and The Salvation Army to name a few.
His speaking topics address issues common to leaders, adult men and women, including Every Man's Battle, Lose it For Life, The 7-Minute Marriage Solution, Every Heart Restored, and Healing is a Choice. Steve's ministry endeavors focus on identifying and compassionately responding to the needs of those seeking healing and restoration through God's truth.
Steve has degrees from Baylor University and The University of North Texas as well as two honorary doctorate degrees and is currently completing his doctoral studies in Christian counseling.
Steve resides with his family in Fishers, Indiana.
Mailing Address


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KOYO Front Wheel Hub Assembly
Item specifics Condition: New Brand: KOYO Manufacturer Part Number: HA590069
KOYO Front Wheel Hub Assembly
Royal Bearing(Singapore)Co.,ltd .is an international trading Lion Bearing Industrial Co.ltd specialized in importing and exporting bearing and industrial machinery and equipment parts. In the industrial fields,Lion Bearing Industrial Co.ltd have 20 years experience of KOYO Front Wheel Hub Assembly supporting and industrial service.
Copyright © 2017 - 2019Meceoo Bearing Industrial Co.ltd All Rights Reserved


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Our Spacesaver Shed range is the ultimate storage unit for those areas where space is limited.
You can easily fit it under eaves and is large enough to store tools, sporting equipment etc. Ideal for storage in garages & carports and in unit complexes.
A very popular garden shed for metro Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne.
Packaging size and weight to help you organise your transport if you choose our popular depot delivery option. Delivered flat packed ready for DIY.
This shed comes in 1 carton:
2120mm x 850mm x 75mm and 39kg
You can get a number of accessories with this Spacesaver unit, including Flooring Kit (that will eliminate the need for a concrete slab), Anchor Kit, Cyclone kit and more.
This product comes with 30 year written warranty.
NOTE: All Absco Colorbond products come with Surfmist Channels / Trims.
* NO DELIVERY TO: Russell Island, Christmas Island & Cocos (Keeling) Islands (6798, 6799).
A proud owner of one of these sheds is Kathryn Main...
Having spent 15 years living in London flats, our Cheap Sheds is our first ever shed. It may not be big & flashy like next door's, but it does the job fitting in our DIY gear, garden tools and other bits and pieces. There's also pride in knowing that we put up the shed ourselves – despite our DIY skills largely being limited to painting and putting together flat pack furniture. Our shed is a well used and loved addition to the house. It's not a workshop, studio or a man cave, it's just a small shed – but I feel pride whenever I look at it knowing that I managed to put it up largely on my own – with some small assistance from my sister.
HOME Delivery
We deliver Australia Wide and cost varies depending on location & brand. If your are 'outside metro areas' please ask staff for quote BEFORE purchase
DEPOT Delivery
A budget friendly option is opting to have your shed delivered to one of our depots in your region and you can pick it up.
As each range offers different delivery options there are a few things you need to know about Delivery. So please check out the delivery page BEFORE purchasing a product to make sure you make the right decision for your needs.
Need a shed NOW? You are not alone, often people are hit by disasters or have to move and change storage solutions asap. Whatever your reason if you need a shed today but cannot afford it, we have solutions for you!
Cheap Sheds offers you 2 payment options, ZipMoney or Laybuy.
ZipMoney is a payment service where you can buy your product, have it delivered and pay later! Best of all it's Interest FREE for up to 6 months! You can apply for the loan online in a few minutes and organise low monthly repayments which work best for you.
Why it is so great?
What are the fees?
Find out more >> ZipMoney Payments
Lay-Buy is an affordable payment plan option which allows you to pay-off your shed via one down payment, with the balance paid over 1, 2 or 3 monthly instalments. Your item is delivered to you after the final payment . A small 0.9% admin fee is payable.
Why it is so great?
What are the fees?
Find out more >> Lay-Buy Payments
|Country of Manufacture
|Absco Industries
|Roof Type
|1.52m (Width) X 0.78m (Depth)
|1.95m (Back) / 1.80m (Front)
|Door Type
|Single Hinged Doors
|Opening Width
|5 star :
|( 3 )
|5 star :
|( 2 )
|4 star :
|( 1 )
|5 star :
|( 2 )
|4 star :
|( 1 )
|Ease of Assembly
|5 star :
|( 2 )
|4 star :
|( 1 )
Customer Reviews
3 Item(s)
|Ease of Assembly
Took a qualified tradie 3+ hours to assemble.
Potting shelf not very good value at the price. And kit timber flooring not very good quality, still needed concrete/timber posts to prevent warping.
Customer service, communications and follow up were absolutely excellent! (Posted on 17 June 2015)
Would you recommend this product to a friend? Likely
|Ease of Assembly
|Ease of Assembly
Would you recommend this product to a friend? Definitely yes
Product Faqs
I have an existing concrete slab… Does this model include concrete anchors?
Thanks for the question. This particular shed kit comes with all the screws included to install the product. If you want to anchor it down to your concrete slab you will need to add an anchor set to your order.
Can I order a Spacesaver 1.52 with two doors? One as shown on the front and one in the side (or end) same as the Ezislim?
Hello, the shed only comes with a single and can't be added with additional door.
Buy 1 Give 1
By purchasing a product from Cheap Sheds we are sharing the joy of 'Giving' with you.
Each time a customer buys a product we make a donation through B1G1 to support projects around the world, helping those who are in need.
It costs you no more and it is simply a donation we make from our own profit.
We believe businesses have the power to make a difference, so we make sure we share this 'act of giving' with our customers. Without you, we cannot do it.
So just by buying from us you are helping us help those in need. It may be giving a child in India water for a month, providing a family in Africa with medical support or even planting a tree. Each month our team nominates a project and makes a donation.
To see exactly what our customers have made possible visit Save-The-World
Lawn Care
Become a lawn guru with your complimentary guide…
"The secret of a great lawn without needing a professional - you can do it and I can show you how!!!" (Valued at $24)
We know there is nothing more satisfying for a homeowner than a beautiful green and clean-cut lawn. It's something about being an Aussie and being proud of our land.
Get your lawn looking like a putting green with this complimentary digital book (delivered to you in a PDF format), with your next purchase.
This book is currently being sold for $24!
Organic Gardening
Going organic in our homes and gardens is one of the latest trends that I personally love. Nothing beats pure and natural foods and living a healthy life.
So I wanted to give you something that contributes to you and your family's wellbeing, as well as serves as a hobby. All customers who purchase from us will receive the organic gardening guide called…
"Growing Organic Vegetables Explained!"(Valued at $27)
This digital book is delivered to you in a PDF format and generally sold for $27! But for our customers it comes complimentary with any purchase at Cheap Sheds.
Win Your Shed's Purchase Price
By purchasing this shed (garden sheds only, garages and carports do not participate) you qualify to enter our competition to win your shed's purchase price. One lucky customer is drawn every month.
Our Price
Shed Blanket (1) To help minimising roof condensation in your shed as well as to keep it cool in summer and warm in winter. A great investment if you spend a lot of time in your shed.
Timber Flooring Kit to substitute concrete slab. Made from 100% Australian renewable plantation grown timber. Comes with 10 Years Warranty.
Anchor Kit - Set of 8 anchors to anchor your shed to a concrete slab.
Related Products
Spacesaver Skillion Roof 1.52m x 0.78m Sgl Door ZincalumeSpecial Price: $247
Spacesaver Skillion Roof 1.52m x 1.52m Sgl Door Zincalume ShedSpecial Price: $429
Spacesaver Skillion Roof 2.26m x 0.78m Single Door Zincalume Shed
Regular Price: $489
Special Price: $419
Spacesaver Skillion Roof 2.26m x 0.78m Single Door Colorbond Shed
Regular Price: $549
Special Price: $525
Buy now, and pay later.
Flexible and interest free payments with zipMoney.
- Checkout with zipMoney
- Apply for real-time decision
- Secure your products today
- Checkout today, with nothing to pay
- Flexible, and interest free repayments
- Up to $5,000 credit to re-use
- Buyer protection on all purchases


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Our software coded with the level that can be used by all service providers, Serwiss is with you.
Selsey Web design industry is to provide services and produce since different areas in an organization. We take our strength from the combination of professional teams in both design and software areas under our roof.We offer software and design services that can be designed and developed according to demand, from enterprise firms to small businesses in different fields and sectors instead of a single field and sector.We offer useful,impressive and advanced design and software services with our colleagues who are not tired of producing,who are not tired of slowing down, who are constantly aiming to do better.
Selsey Web and Selsey software are engaged in dozens of jobs and we plan to expand our customer portfolio.
Selsey web software, Selsey web design, Selsey web sites, Selsey web site, Selsey fast web design, Selsey web, Selsey software, Selsey design and software keywords can be reached by searching through google.
Our service areas are not limited to a few areas, but have a very wide portfolio.
You can choose your special package and contact us.
You can contact us to give detailed information about your project.


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Men's Workout Pants & Athletic Shorts
Here at Russell Athletic, we understand the importance of performance technology in your active apparel. From head to toe, your clothing should work with you instead of against you. That's why we constructed our men's workout pants to wick sweat and protect you from unwanted odors. If you're training in the wintertime, find an assortment of sweat pant styles. As for warm-weather workouts, there's no shortage of men's athletic shorts to choose from. No matter the event or temperature, we have you covered. Shop our men's tops to complete the look.


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[ Back ] [ The Roadtechs General Construction Job Board ] [ Help ] [Edit ] [Mark Position Closed ]
Post Number: 531174
Posted By: Trillium Construction
Posted On: 2019-08-04 00:04:01
Email Address: firstname.lastname@example.com
Subject: [Laborer] Laborer with MSHA 46- Ohio- $20 per hour-$80 per day per diem
Contract / Temp to Direct / Direct Hire: Contract
State: Ohio
Country: United States
$20 per hour
$80 per day per diem
5 days
One week job
Thinking about applying for this position?
Please make sure that you meet the minimum requirements indicated for the job before you apply (see user agreement). If you are qualified, then use either the email link (near top of post) or the application link (near bottom of post) to apply, whichever is provided.
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© Copyright - Roadtechs®, LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction of any part of this website may be sold or
distributed for commercial gain nor shall it be modified or incorporated in any other work, publication, or website.
Use of this site implies compliance with the Roadtechs User Agreement.


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Tuckernuck Classic Beach Short. New England inspired drawstring short in a micro soft quick dry fabric. Side and back pockets with mesh lining for added comfort.Oiler & BoilerGBP
|Manufacturer Colour:
|True Blue
|100% Micro Polyester
|Style Reference:
Tuckernuck Classic Beach Short. New England inspired drawstring short in a micro soft quick dry fabric. Side and back pockets with mesh lining for added comfort.
This product has not been reviewed yet.
All orders will be sent as soon as possible
*** EXTENDED CHRISTMAS RETURNS POLICY - 31ST JANUARY 2019 *** (for orders made after 1st November 2018)
[From 1st November 2018] We have extended our usual 30-day exchange/return policy for Christmas Gifts ordered before the big day, meaning that you have until Thursday 31st January 2019 for us to receive back any items purchased as Christmas gifts.
Returns Address:
Customer Services
Unit 8c
Church End
Little Hadham
Herts, SG11 2DY
UK Standard Delivery - unbelievable, only £2.75
£2.75 per order with delivery within 3-5 working days from dispatch. Or you can upgrade to First Class deliver within 1-2 workings days for an extra 20p (total cost £2.95).
Why not fast track your order for an additional £2 by upgrading to Express Delivery (total cost £4.95) - delivered next working day (see Express Delivery).
Standard UK delivery will be dispatched by Royal Mail or Interlink on a service scheduled to be delivered within the stated time. This may require a signature, if you are not available to sign for your delivery or the package is too large to fit through your letter box it will be taken back to your local depot for collection.
You should be left a calling card with instructions on how to either collect your parcel or arrange re-delivery.
UK Express Next Day Delivery
Express delivery: £4.95
Delivery next working day before 3pm. (Monday to Friday)
Orders placed before 3pm, subject to credit/debit authorisation, will receive priority handling and be dispatched by either Interlink or Royal Mail Special Next Day Service, whichever is considered to be most efficient.
These services are scheduled to deliver before 3pm the next working day to 99% of the UK. Both services will require a signature so please ensure there will be someone at home to receive the package.
Our Interlink service will contact you by email on the day of your delivery and provide you with an estimated 'one hour slot time' of their arrival. Should the time not be convenient they supply a number to call for you to re-arrange your delivery day.
European Delivery
Europe Standard Delivery: £10.00
Delivery 4-8 working days from dispatch.
Standard European delivery is dispatched via Royal Mail Airsure / International Signed for service. Please note this service requires a signature on arrival of your parcel. If you are not available to sign for your items it will be sent back to your nearest Post Office for collection
You may be liable to pay import duty or tax on goods entering your country. The amount of duty - if any - depends on the type of goods and their value
Any additional charges for customs clearance must be paid by you. We have no control over these charges. If you have any queries on duties payable, please contact your local Customs authority.
US & Worldwide Delivery
Cost: £15.00
Delivery 5-10 working days from dispatch.
Standard delivery is dispatched via Royal Mail Airsure/ International Signed for service. Please note this service requires a signature on arrival of your parcel. If you are not available to sign for your items it will be sent back to your nearest Post Office for collection.
You may be liable to pay import duty or tax on goods entering your country. The amount of duty - if any - depends on the type of goods and their value.
Any additional charges for customs clearance must be paid by you. We have no control over these charges. If you have any queries on duties payable, please contact your local Customs authority.
Returning Items to UnderU.com
You are welcome to return any items with 30 days of receipt for a refund of that item or to make an exchange (to the purchased value, for a different size or colour).
For hygiene reasons, we do not accept returns for Thongs, Straps, Jocks or Strings unless the item is unopened or faulty.
In all cases returned items will be inspected by us upon their arrival. Faulty items may also be returned to the Brand for further inspection, in which case UnderU.com would be acting as the Agent and not be responsible for the verdict from the Brand.
All items returned must be returned in their full original, undamaged packaging, with all labels still attached, and should have no signs of wear. For example all footwear must be returned in the original box, the footwear and soles should not have any visible signs of wear. Failure to provide full original packaging is subject to a re-stocking fee.
Until we receive your item back to Customer Services, the item is still your responsibility.
You are responsible for all postage costs associated with returning any item, which we recommend you send back to us via Recorded Second Class post.
Returns Address:
Customer Services
Unit 8c
Hadham Industrial Estate
Little Hadham
Herts, SG11 2DY
Returns Policy for any 4 for 3 Offers (or similar variation e.g. 3 for 2): For a refund or exchange to be processed all items must be returned together in their full original packaging and any labels still attached in a resalable condition. To use any such offer, you may purchase 4 items or more to get the cheapest item free.
Tracking your order: If tracking is available on your order the delivery service and tracking reference will be shown on your order confirmation e-mail. You will then be able to check with the Shipping Provider as to the status of your order.
For Royal Mail deliveries, please visit: http://www.royalmail.com/track-trace
For Interlink (UK Express) deliveries, please visit: http://www.interlinkexpress.com/forms/track-my-parcel.jsp
For European/International deliveries, please visit your local postal provider's website.
Here at UnderU.com, we use the latest Payment & Security software to allow our customers to experience a happy and smooth shopping experience. We accept all major debit cards, credit cards and Paypal so that our customers can choose the most suitable payment method at the checkout.
CARD PAYMENTS (Skrill)
The UnderU.com® merchant account and Skrill is the most popular payment method amongst our customers, which allows for payment by various debit and credit cards. This option allows customers to complete transactions very quickly and securely online. If you still prefer to order over the telephone please contact us via our Customer Services team on 01920 – 438 002, Monday to Friday from 9am till 6pm.
PayPal is another safe and easy way to pay for goods online. The service allows anyone to pay in any way they prefer, including through credit cards, bank accounts, buyer credit or account balances, without sharing financial information.


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We haven't been following the Mozilla Foundation's progress too much on a Windows 8 browser—we just know that they were working on one.
So either we missed it or this is hot off the presses but they have released a "nightly build" of their Windows 8 App (Modern Style) Firefox browser for x86 devices. That means you Surface RT (ARM CPU) folk will have to wait a bit, but if you're on full-fledged Windows 8, you may want to take a look.
Heading over to their site (https://www.mozilla.org/en-CA/firefox/channel/desktop/) you can download the "Standard" version to install on your PC or laptop. It will then walk you through the normal install.
Now, like Chrome there are two versions of the browser: one for desktop and one for RT/Start. To make it RT-styled, open as a Start app, make it the default browser by choosing 'Nightly' from the popup menu.
Reader of the site Rockartisten also tips us how to get those tabs to always show:
"When Nightly Start app is running, go to charms>settings>options and enable "Always show tabs".
Indeed the browser ain't half bad and it's always great to see alternatives using the new RT style come to the platform. Now if only alternative browsers for the Surface RT and associated hardware could happen…
Source: Mozilla; Thanks, Rockaristen, for the tip!


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Why you should add Rome to your RTW travel listRome's not called The Eternal City for nothing - Italy's capital city has been a center of culture, politics and business for millennia, and is a fascinating place to visit.
- Certainly the many buildings (and ruins) associated with the seat of the Roman Empire draw countless visitors every year.
- The Colosseum alone is practically a symbol of the country, and the Pantheon is an amazing piece of ancient architecture.
- Even more interesting than the Roman buildings themselves, however, is their juxtaposition right next to the buildings and streets and life of modern Rome.
- Just because the city has its place in history secured doesn't mean Romans aren't going on with their present-day lives! The images of young Italians on their mobile phones sitting amidst the ruins of the Roman Forum, where Caesar himself might have walked, are proof enough that history is literally all around us.
- Rome is also the city that surrounds the Vatican, an independent city-state which is the home to the Catholic Church. The Vatican Museums and St. Peter's Basilica are some of the more popular attractions for tourists visiting Rome.
- If you plan your visit well, you might even get to see a glimpse of the Pope during one of his public "audiences" in St. Peter's Square.
- Italian food, Italian wine; what more do you need?
- Gelato and food markets: you'll fall in love instantly with both. Affordable, too.
Indie travel tips for Rome
- Movie buffs will enjoy a visit to the Piazza di Trevi, where you can toss a coin into the famous fountain (the square is very small and can get very crowded) of La Dolce Vita and Roman Holiday fame.
- Opera fans will want to visit the Castel Sant'Angelo, where you can see the balcony from which Tosca leaps to her death.
- The Trastevere neighborhood and old Jewish quarter are becoming well known for their excellent cafes and restaurants just off the beaten path, but in a city this large there is no shortage of nightlife.
- The origin of pizza isn't too far away (Naples), so pizzas in Rome tend to be high quality - that is, if you're not at a tourist trap of a pizzeria! Get yourself to a place without an English menu and take a chance. You'll be glad you did. Oh, and don't forget to wash every meal down with some gelato!
- Check out these weird and wonderful attractions in Rome that won't be packed like the normal tourist attractions:
- Cappuchin Crypt
- Museum of Purgatory
- Museum of the Sanitary Arts
- Food is an important part of traveling in Rome (and all of Italy for that matter).
- If you're going to be in Italy, it's a necessity that you see a football game. Lazio and Roma are the two biggest club teams in Rome.


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Writing worksheets will supplement any child's education and help them build some of the fundamental skills to help them become good writers. Our collection of free writing worksheets starts with helping build the fine motor skills necessary to become an early writing. They then focus on making sure kids learn to write the letters of the alphabet and numbers. As ages progress, our writing worksheets get into spelling, grammar and some more advanced skills. Our set of "Think, Draw and Write" worksheets are a fun exercise for early writers. All of our writing worksheets are designed to print easily and are free to use over and over again!
Recognizing letters is the first step to learning to read. Give your kindergartner a head start with these alphabet worksheets that will have kids cozying up with letters A–Z in no time. Coloring, tracing letters, connect-the-dots, word searches, and matching activities are just some of the ways kids can familiarize themselves with both upper and lowercase letters of the alphabet on their road to reading fluency.
Here is a graphic preview for all of the kindergarten worksheets. You can select different variables to customize these kindergarten worksheets for your needs. The kindergarten worksheets are randomly created and will never repeat so you have an endless supply of quality kindergarten worksheets to use in the classroom or at home. These kindergarten worksheets are a great resource for children in Kindergarten, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, 3rd Grade, 4th Grade, and 5th Grade.
The lower case letter do-a dot printables are very easy to use, and there is a ton of learning involved. These lower case printables allow them to practice saying vocabulary words, work on letter recognition, beginning sounds, and fine motor skills! I love to use them for preschoolers and kindergarten students who need to review beginning sounds.
Give math skills a workout with this race against the clock! This worksheet of subtraction problems should be worked on for just one minute. See how much your math whiz can get through and encourage her to try to beat her score and time. With lots of mad minute math, she won't sweat more difficult problems later on.
These ready-to-use printable worksheets will help you reinforce concepts and test your students comprehension. There are worksheets for all subjects, as well as ones regarding holidays, seasons, technology use and much more! Many worksheets require student participation by containing various types of questions, such as multiple choice, fill in the blank, short answer, and matching. Other worksheets provide an outline of the day lessons or instructions for an upcoming activity.
These beginning sounds and letters worksheets will give your little one's reading and writing a strong head start as they put their growing phonemic awareness skills into practice. Our engaging worksheets combine matching, coloring, drawing, and writing activities that will give your child the skills and confidence to start sounding out words.
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Tzadik is dedicated to releasing the best in avant garde and experimental music, presenting a worldwide community of contemporary musician-composers who find it difficult or impossible to release their music through more conventional channels.
Tzadik believes most of all in the integrity of its artists. What you hear on Tzadik is the artists' vision undiluted.
Founded in 1995 executive producer: John Zorn