text: Clothing Pants Aurora Flare Ski Pants Perfect Moment Aurora Flare Ski Pants $400 USD Perfect Moment Aurora Flare Ski Pants $400 USD BUY NOW ADD TO WISHLIST EDITOR'S NOTE DESCRIPTION tk SHIPPING & RETURNS Easy Domestic Shipping: All shipping within the United States is provided by UPS. More details can be found here: Domestic Shipping and International Shipping. NYC residents have the option of same-day delivery through Courier. Easy Returns: We know that sometimes items don't fit exactly how you expected so Editorialist accepts returns within 14 days of you receiving your goods. All items must be unworn and in the exact same condition in which they were sent. Details on Fine Jewelry returns can be found here: Return Policy Final Sale Items may not be returned. All items on sale for 50% or more are final sale. Facebook Twitter Instagram Tumblr Pinterest Google Plus


text:
Hidden Camera
Spy Cameras
In the past spy cameras and spy equipment were only used by law enforcement and private investigators, but today a wide selection of spy cameras are available to consumers. HomeSecurityStore.com has some unique spy cameras including spy cameras hidden within a motion detector, pen, a pair of sunglasses, and even a fire sprinkler.
Spy cameras can be used for many applications. Catching an abusive nanny or cheating spouse is among the top applications. Spy cameras can also be used to keep an eye on your children; an elderly loved one, a babysitter, a caregiver, and employees.
Furthermore, spy cameras can be incorporated into your surveillance system to help catch a thief. There are few methods available that are capable of giving you the proof or evidence that a surveillance camera can provide. Without this evidence the chances of the police catching a thief who has stolen from you are very low. Remember, the average lost of a home break-in is nearly $2000 in stolen items.
Spy cameras are for the most part very small cameras which are hidden within or behind objects, normally everyday items. It's important when buying a spy camera to consider how it will be powered. Most run off batteries and will only last a limited amount of time depending on the recording mode. You should also consider what the video or images are stored on. Is it an external or internal DVR?
It would be nice if you could trust everyone you came in contact with, but the reality is you cannot. That's where spy cameras come in – to give you an extra set of eyes to watch over things when you are not around.
Minimal Price: $49.95

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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We have trained professionals in many different subject areas.
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text:
User talk:EagleForumFan
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
- Welcome, EagleForumFan! We're very glad to have you here and contributing, so much. I will say this though... You're wearing us sysops out having to patrol your numerous edits... I know that sounds like I'm complaining; but, really, I'm not... that's what sysops are supposed to do on a wiki... You know, "Trust; but, verify." We know your edits are okay; but every edit has to be patrolled. I know I'm hipoctrite for saying this, but... I would recommend using the "Show preview" option as many times as necessary (for your drafts) and then you only have to save the edit once, maybe twice. Admittedly, this wiki stuff is new to me; but, I'm really enjoying learning about it. --RWSmith 12:58, June 7, 2007 (EDT)
- P.S. By the way, are you registered over on MeritBadge.Net? --RWSmith 12:58, June 7, 2007 (EDT)
- No, I don't think I am registered there.
- Yeah, I figured out a little late that each individual edit is logged, including changing periods and typos. Oops. Sorry about that. I didn't read any instructions ;-). I'll cut and paste in the future.
- Thanks for the nice words. Love your site!
- Well, we'd be glad to have you over there, too. And while "cut-and-paste" has it's advantages (and, of course, dis-advantages), we want to provide a place where users can edit contribute by adding, editing, refining, content. I'm glad you like it; but, it's not my site... it's actually yours. I'm just one of the janitors. (I don't mean that in a bad way.)
- Always sign you posts on talk pages by typing four tildes, like this... ~~~~, at the end of your comments.. See, here's what mine looks like... --RWSmith 13:55, June 8, 2007 (EDT)
- Tried to register over at MeritBadge.net, but my account hasn't been activated (over a week now). How do I get that done? EagleForumFan 02:24, November 20, 2007 (EST)Fixed. TY.
He is doing a good job of making sure that every page is good. But he has been editing my pages a lot latley.UtahMan78
- Did you mean me? Or did you mean RW? I'm finding that, on the whole, my pages that have been edited are done so to make them better. You can always click the discussion tab on a particular page to discuss a change that's been made or needs to be made. EagleForumFan 01:28, December 10, 2007 (EST)
Merit Badge Worksheets
Do you think we should link to that other page RWSmith suggested? I think it was USScouts.com or something like that. We could put another two columns on the right just to give people a second one if the first is out of whack (for one, Collections).--Stranger 14:36, December 22, 2007 (EST)
- I think that's a great idea. I can't get to it for awhile, or I can do it piece by piece. Is it okay to leave it partially finished? EagleForumFan 06:07, December 23, 2007 (EST)
- Yes, or we wouldn't be talking about this, it would already be done. The way I see it, pages such as this one are always a work in progress. It is why the merit badge requirements are always being edited. --Stranger 14:30, December 30, 2007 (EST)
- Thanks. I'll get to it as I can. Let me know if you want any changes or if it can be better style-wise. EagleForumFan 14:33, December 30, 2007 (EST)
Responded to your post
I responded to your post at Talk:Sustainability. BartHumphries 11:41, September 26, 2013 (EDT)


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Windells Session 3 In the Books
There's no better place to be in the summer than up at Mount Hood. Windells Session Three just came to a close and it was the definitely the best session so far with great weather and a shrediculous park.
Rome's Team Terror of Bjorn Leines, Marius Otterstad, Eiki Helgason, Johnnie Paxson and Staale Sandbech took over Windells for the week, ripping it up with campers on and off the hill. Windells also introduced its new inflatable megalith: the Bag Jump. The BJ is a 66x66x13 foot air-filled cushion, perfect for learning double backflips, double corks, double grabs and any other technical trickery you can think up.
Some of the awesomeness that went down this week: corrugated tube shred sessions, a serious game of knockout led by Marius, tons of skating in BOB with Eiki, and Burton's Blender sponsor night, where lady campers were challenged to drink gross-flavored milkshakes (all in pursuit of a brand new Burton snowboard). Bjorn Leines added to his resume and became an honorary digger by hustling Digger Dogs to all the hungry rippers in the park, while Staale Sandbech and Johnnie Paxson slayed the 80-foot step up, just for fun.
Check out the Session Video to catch all the action and for more, go to www.windells.com/blog.


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Romania Population: 21,599,7362,809 VISITORS FROM HERE!
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
|The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they were de facto linked in 1859 and formally united in 1862 under the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania - following the conflict. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a communist "people's republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007.
Controls the most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine; the Carpathian Mountains dominate the center of the country, while the Danube River forms much of the southern boundary with Serbia and Bulgaria
|Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 238,391 sq km
land: 229,891 sq km
water: 8,500 sq km
Size comparison: slightly smaller than Oregon
|Land Boundaries:
|total: 2,844 km border countries (5): Bulgaria 605 km, Hungary 424 km, Moldova 683 km, Serbia 531 km, Ukraine 601 km
|225 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
|temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
|central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
|Elevation extremes:
|Natural resources:
|petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
|Land use:
| agricultural land: 60.7% arable land 39.1%; permanent crops 1.9%; permanent pasture 19.7% forest: 28.7%
other: 10.6% (2011 est.)
|Irrigated land:
|31,490 sq km (2012)
|Natural hazards:
|earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides
|Current Environment Issues:
|soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Romanian(s)
adjective: Romanian
|Ethnic groups:
|Romanian 83.4%, Hungarian 6.1%, Roma 3.1%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.2%, other 0.7%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)
|Romanian (official) 85.4%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.2%, other 1%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)
|Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 81.9%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformed and Pentecostal) 6.4%, Roman Catholic 4.3%, other (includes Muslim) 0.9%, none or atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.3% (2011 est.)
|21,599,736 (July 2016 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 14.4% (male 1,597,470/female 1,512,701)
15-24 years: 10.76% (male 1,192,310/female 1,131,655)
25-54 years: 45.97% (male 5,023,060/female 4,905,559)
55-64 years: 12.8% (male 1,293,423/female 1,471,480)
65 years and over: 16.07% (male 1,403,211/female 2,068,867) (2016 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 48.9%
youth dependency ratio: 23.1%
elderly dependency ratio: 25.8%
potential support ratio: 3.9% (2015 est.)
|Median age:
| total: 40.7 years
male: 39.3 years
female: 42.1 years (2016 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|-0.32% (2016 est.)
|Birth rate:
|9 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Death rate:
|11.9 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
| urban population: 54.6% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 0.01% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|BUCHAREST (capital) 1.868 million (2015)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|22 (2013 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|31 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 9.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 11 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 75.1 years male: 71.7 years
female: 78.8 years (2016 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.34 children born/woman (2016 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|69.8% note: percent of women aged 18-49 (2005)
|Health expenditures:
|5.6% of GDP (2014)
|Physicians density:
|2.45 physicians/1,000 population (2012)
|Hospital bed density:
|6.1 beds/1,000 population (2011)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 92.2% of population
rural: 63.3% of population
total: 79.1% of population
urban: 7.8% of population
rural: 36.7% of population
total: 20.9% of population (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.11% (2013 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|16,200 (2013 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|500 (2013 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|23.4% (2014)
|Education expenditures:
|2.9% of GDP (2012)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98.8%
male: 99.1%
female: 98.5% (2015 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 15 years male: 14 years
female: 15 years (2012)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 24% male: 23.6%
female: 24.7% (2014 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Romania
local long form: none
local short form: Romania
etymology: the name derives from the Latin "Romanus" meaning "citizen of Rome" and was used to stress the common ancient heritage of Romania's three main regions - Moldavia, Transylvania, and Wallachia - during their gradual unification between the mid-19th century and early 20th century
|Government type:
|semi-presidential republic
| name: Bucharest
geographic coordinates: 44 26 N, 26 06 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
|Administrative divisions:
|41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dambovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Valcea, Vrancea
|9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; independence recognized on 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)
|National holiday:
|Unification Day (of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)
|history: several previous; latest adopted 21 November 1991, approved by referendum and effective 8 December 1991 amendments: initiated by the president of Romania through a proposal by the government, by at least one-fourth of deputies or senators in Parliament, or by petition of eligible voters representing at least one-half of Romania's counties; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by both chambers or – if mediation is required - by three-fourths majority vote in a joint session, followed by approval in a referendum; articles including those on national sovereignty, form of government, political pluralism, and fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended 2003 (2016)
|Legal system:
|civil law system
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Klaus Werner IOHANNIS (since 21 December 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Dacian CIOLOS (since 17 November 2015); Deputy Prime Ministers Costin Grigore BORC and Vasile DANCU (since 17 November 2015)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 2 November 2014 with a runoff on 16 November 2014 (next to be held around 16 November 2019); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of Parliament
election results: Klaus IOHANNIS elected president; percent of vote in runoff - Klaus IOHANNIS (PNL) 54.4%, Victor PONTA (PSD) 45.6%
|Legislative branch:
| description: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (136 seats; members serve 4-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (330 seats; members serve 4-year terms); note - 18 reserved seats for non-Hungarian national minorities and 4 for the Romanian diaspora in the Chamber of Deputies; 2 seats for the Romanian diaspora in the Senate
elections: Senate - last held on 11 December 2016 (next to be held by December 2020); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 11 December 2016 (next to be held by December 2020)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 45.7%, PNL 20.4%, USR 8.9%, UDMR 6.2%, ALDE 6%, PMP 5.7%, other 7.1%; seats by party - PSD 67, PNL 30, USR 13, UDMR 9, ALDE 9, PMP 8; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 45.5%, PNL 20%, USR 8.9%, UDMR 6.2%, ALDE 5.6%, PMP 5.3%, other 8.5%; seats by party - PSD 154, PNL 69, USR 30, UDMR 21, ALDE 20, PMP 18, minorities 18
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members) judge selection and term of office: High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, a 19-member body of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists; judges appointed for 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court members - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president; members serve 9-year, non-renewable terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; regional tribunals; first instance courts; military and arbitration courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party or PNT-CD [Aurelian PAVELESCU] (formerly part of the ARD coalition) Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Hunor KELEMEN] Green Party [Remus CERNEA] M10 Party [Monica MACOVEI] National Liberal Party or PNL [Alina GORGHIU] - merged with former PDL and FC National Union for Romania's Progress or UNPR [interim chairman Neculai ONTANU] - merged with former PP-DD New Republic Party or NR [Alin Ioan BOTA] Popular Movement Party or PMP [Traian BASESCU] Party of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats or ALDE [Calin POPESCU TARICEANU, Daniel CONSTANTIN] Romanian Social Party or PSRo [Mircea GEOANA] Save Romania Union Party or USR [Nicusor DAN] Social Democratic Party or PSD [Liviu DRAGNEA] Social Liberal Union or USL (coalition of PSD, PC, and UNPR) United Romania Party or PRU [Bogdan DIACONU]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|other: various human rights and professional associations
|International organization participation:
|Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
|National symbol(s):
|golden eagle; national colors: blue, yellow, red
|National anthem:
| name: "Desteapta-te romane!" (Wake up, Romanian!)
lyrics/music: Andrei MURESIANU/Anton PANN
note: adopted 1990; the anthem was written during the 1848 Revolution
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador George Cristian MAIOR (since 17 September 2015)
chancery: 1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 332-4846, 4848, 4851, 4852
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Hans G. KLEMM (since 21 September 2015)
embassy: Bulevardul Dr. Liviu Librescu 4-6, District 1, Bucharest, 015118
mailing address: American Embassy Bucharest, US Department of State, 5260 Bucharest Place, Washington, DC 20521-5260 (pouch)
telephone: [40] (21) 200-3300
|^Back to Top
Romania, which joined the EU on 1 January 2007, began the transition from communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. Romania's macroeconomic gains have only recently started to spur creation of a middle class and to address Romania's widespread poverty. Corruption and red tape continue to permeate the business environment. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, Romania signed a $26 billion emergency assistance package from the IMF, the EU, and other international lenders, but GDP contracted until 2011. In March 2011, Romania and the IMF/EU/World Bank signed a 24-month precautionary standby agreement, worth $6.6 billion, to promote fiscal discipline, encourage progress on structural reforms, and strengthen financial sector stability; no funds were drawn. In September 2013, Romanian authorities and the IMF/EU agreed to a follow-on standby agreement, worth $5.4 billion, to continue with reforms. This agreement expired in September 2015, and no funds were drawn. Progress on structural reforms has been uneven, and the economy still is vulnerable to external shocks. Economic growth rebounded in 2013-15, driven by strong industrial exports and excellent agricultural harvests, and the fiscal deficit was reduced substantially. Industry outperformed other sectors of the economy in 2015. Exports remained an engine of economic growth, led by trade with the EU, which accounts for roughly 70% of Romania trade. Domestic demand was a second driver, due to the mid-2015 cut, from 24% to 9%, of the VAT levied upon foodstuffs. In 2015, the government of Romania succeeded in meeting its annual target for the budget deficit, the external deficit remained low, even if it rose due to increasing imports. For the first time since 1989, inflation turned into deflation, allowing for a gradual loosening of monetary policy throughout the period. An aging population, significant tax evasion, insufficient health care, and an aggressive loosening of the fiscal package jeopardize the low fiscal deficit and public debt and are the economy's top vulnerabilities.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $441 billion (2016 est.) $420.2 billion (2015 est.) $405 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $186.5 billion (2015 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|5% (2016 est.) 3.8% (2015 est.) 3% (2014 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $22,300 (2016 est.) $21,100 (2015 est.) $20,300 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|Gross national saving:
|23% of GDP (2016 est.) 24.4% of GDP (2015 est.) 24.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 69.4%
government consumption: 6.7%
investment in fixed capital: 25.2%
investment in inventories: 0.3%
exports of goods and services: 40.9%
imports of goods and services: -42.5% (2016 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 69.4%
government consumption: 6.7%
investment in fixed capital: 25.2%
investment in inventories: 0.3%
exports of goods and services: 40.9%
imports of goods and services: -42.5% (2016 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep
|electric machinery and equipment, auto assembly, textiles and footwear, light machinery, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining, mining, timber, construction materials
|Industrial production growth rate:
|2% (2016 est.)
|Labor force:
|9.133 million (2016 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 28.3%
industry: 28.9%
services: 42.8% (2014)
|Unemployment rate:
|6.7% (2016 est.) 6.8% (2015 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|22.4% (2012 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 15.3%
highest 10%: 7.6% (2014 est.)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|27.3 (2012) 28.2 (2010)
| revenues: $56.84 billion
expenditures: $62.14 billion (2016 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|30.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
|Public debt:
| 39.3% of GDP (2016 est.) 38.4% of GDP (2015 est.)
note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding f
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): -1.1% (2016 est.) -0.6% (2015 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$3.733 billion (2016 est.) -$2.032 billion (2015 est.)
|$56.03 billion (2016 est.) $54.52 billion (2015 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, agricultural products and foodstuffs, metals and metal products, chemicals, minerals and fuels, raw materials
|Exports - partners:
|Germany 19.8%, Italy 12.5%, France 6.8%, Hungary 5.4%, UK 4.4% (2015)
|$66.45 billion (2016 est.) $63.12 billion (2015 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, chemicals, agricultural products and foodstuffs, fuels and minerals, metals and metal products, raw materials
|Imports - partners:
|Germany 19.8%, Italy 10.9%, Hungary 8%, France 5.6%, Poland 4.9%, China 4.6%, Netherlands 4% (2015)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$39.86 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $38.71 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$101.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $102.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$76.41 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $72.21 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$4.018 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $3.618 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$36.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $41.04 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $42.59 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
|Exchange rates:
|lei (RON) per US dollar - 4.15 (2016 est.) 4.0057 (2015 est.) 4.0057 (2014 est.) 3.3492 (2013 est.) 3.47 (2012 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|62 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - consumption:
|48 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|9.9 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|2.8 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|24 million kW (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|44.3% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|6.1% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|30% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|19.6% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|82,650 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|1,234 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|111,200 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|600 million bbl (1 January 2016 es)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|216,400 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|192,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|79,250 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|50,280 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|11.26 billion cu m (2015 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|11.54 billion cu m (2015 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|1.078 million cu m (2015 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|277.1 million cu m (2015 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|105.5 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|76 million Mt (2013 est.)
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|Cellular Phones in use:
|total: 23.12 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 107 (July 2015 est.)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
domestic: more than 90% of telephone network is automatic; fixed-line teledensity is about 20 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity over 100 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber-Optic Cable System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2014)
|Broadcast media:
|a mixture of public and private TV stations; there are 7 public TV stations (2 national, 5 regional) using terrestrial broadcasting and 187 private TV stations (out of which 171 offer local coverage) using terrestrial broadcasting, plus 11 public TV stati (2014)
|Internet country code:
|Internet users:
|total: 12.082 million percent of population: 55.8% (July 2015 est.)
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|45 (2013)
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 26
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 11
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 19
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 14 (2013)
|2 (2013)
|gas 3,726 km; oil 2,451 km (2013)
| total 11,268 km
broad gauge: 60 km 1.524-m gauge standard gauge: 10,781 km 1.435-m gauge (3,292 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2014)
| total 84,185 km
paved: 49,873 km (includes 337 km of expressways)
unpaved: 34,312 km (2012)
|1,731 km (includes 1,075 km on the Danube River, 524 km on secondary branches, and 132 km on canals) (2010)
|Merchant marine:
| total 5
by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1
foreign-owned: 1 (Russia 1)
registered in other countries: 31 (Georgia 7, Liberia 3, Malta 7, Marshall Islands 2, Moldova 2, Panama 3, Russia 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Sierra Leone 2, Tanzania 1, Togo 1, unknown 1) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
| major seaport(s): Constanta, Midia
river port(s): Braila, Galati (Galatz), Mancanului (Giurgiu), Tulcea (Danube River)
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|Military branches:
|Land Forces, Naval Forces (Fortele Naval, FN), Romanian Air Force (Fortele Aeriene Romane, FAR) (2013)
|Military service age and obligation:
|conscription ended 2006; 18 years of age for male and female voluntary service; all military inductees (including women) contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36 (2015)
|Military expenditures:
|1.4% of GDP (2015) 1.42% of GDP (2014 est.) 1.3% of GDP (2013) 1.29% of GDP (2012) 1.3% of GDP (2011)
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|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|the ICJ ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
stateless persons: 240 (2015)
|Illicit drugs:
|major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable to laundering, which occurs via the banking system, currency exchange houses, and casinos
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Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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"Ignore all proffered rules and create your own, suitable for what you want to say"
(Michael Moorcock)
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Saturday, September 11, 2010
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