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February: Americans think of Black History Month, Valentine's Day, Lincoln's and Washington's Birthday, and Groundhog Day. But February of 2013 is especially significant, as this month is the 100th anniversary of the ratification of the 16th Amendment empowering Congress to impose the federal income tax. For Americans in 2013, the federal income tax, automatic withholding, the IRS, and filing tax forms by April 15 are just a way of life. In fact, it is likely that most Americans are unaware that prior to 100 years ago, there was no federal income tax, with the exception of a short period when an income tax was used to help finance the Civil War.
Where We Began
Prior to 1913, the U.S. government was much smaller than today, and the taxes it collected through means other than an income tax were sufficient to finance federal government operations. For example, tariffs were placed on imports and excise taxes (similar to our modern sales tax) were placed on the sale of certain items such as horses and carriages, etc. "Indirect" taxes such as these were taxes on consumption rather than income, offering the citizen the option of controlling his tax burden by limiting his purchases. According to Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution, any type of "direct" tax, i.e., on a person directly, which could arguably include a person's income, had to be apportioned among the states on a per-capita basis:
Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included in this union, according to their respective number, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to servitude of a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.
So clearly any federal taxes on income would have to be applied uniformly, with each state contributing an amount proportionate to its population. That was the limitation the Constitution placed on direct taxes collected by the federal government. This limitation prevented the U.S. government from making first claim to the wealth of the people, effectively deciding how much income the people would be allowed to keep. On the other hand, as noted above, with the indirect taxes — particularly tariffs — that were the principal means for financing the federal government prior to the advent of the income tax, the people could to a large extent escape or limit the tax via their buying habits, and a government dependent upon tariffs and other indirect taxes for revenue could only raise the taxes so high without defeating the revenue purpose of the tax. Alexander Hamilton in 1787 expressed this eloquently in The Federalist, No. 21:
It is a signal advantage of taxes on articles of consumption, that they contain in their own nature a security against excess. They prescribe their own limit; which cannot be exceeded without defeating the end proposed, that is, an extension of the revenue. When applied to this object, the saying is as just as it is witty, that, "in political arithmetic, two and two do not always make four." If duties are too high, they lessen the consumption; the collection is eluded; and the product to the treasury is not so great as when they are confined within proper and moderate bounds. This forms a complete barrier against any material oppression of the citizens by taxes of this class, and is itself a natural limitation of the power of imposing them.
America's early leaders understood the devastating effect taxes could have upon the liberty of a country's citizens. As Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall wrote in the 1819 case McCulloch v. Maryland, "The power to tax is the power to destroy."
Enter Karl Marx
In 1848, Karl Marx declared in his Communist Manifesto that a progressive tax on personal income was one of the 10 essential measures to ensure a communist revolution in an advanced country in order to bring about his fabled "classless society." Socialist and communist ideas gained momentum in many parts of Europe, and it wasn't long before they reached America. Various attempts to impose a progressive federal income tax — making the rich pay a higher percentage than the poor — soon appeared in this country. The Revenue Act of 1861 was a federal income tax used to raise revenue to fund the Civil War. It was a flat tax of three percent on annual income above $800. The following year, this was replaced with a graduated (progressive) tax from three to five percent on income above $600 in the Revenue Act of 1862, which ended in 1866.
Even these temporary income taxes were unconstitutional, as they were a percentage of income rather than being apportioned. But the movement to impose a progressive federal income tax didn't stop. The Socialist Labor Party advocated a graduated income tax in 1887, and the Populist Party demanded the same in its 1892 platform. The Populist Party, led by central-bank proponent William Jennings Bryan, advocated the income-tax law passed by a Democratic-led Congress in 1894. This was the first peacetime income tax, with a rate of two percent on income over $4,000, an amount that few people made in those days. The following year (1895) the Supreme Court ruled this tax unconstitutional in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company.
In order to enact a progressive federal income tax in America — a socialist idea — the citizens and the legislature had to be convinced that it was in the best interest of the people. This was not overly difficult considering the prevailing political ideas of the time. The year 1913 was part of the Progressive era in our nation's history. Populists and Progressives (essentially socialists) feared the concentration of wealth and power into a few private hands, a concern that eclipsed the earlier fear of the Founders of too much wealth and power concentrated in the hands of a central government. Even before Teddy Roosevelt's "Progressive Party" of the 1912 election, there were progressives in both the Republican and Democratic Party who ostensibly wanted to put more power into the hands of the people, acting through their representative government, by taking it away from the "robber barons" and other "malefactors of great wealth." For by this point in time, vast fortunes had been amassed by the titans of industry, such as the Rockefellers, Carnegies, and Vanderbilts. Wealth and power were being concentrated into the hands of fewer and fewer people at the top. This offered a perfect excuse to institute a progressive tax with the idea that it would "soak the rich."
Interestingly, the progressive income tax was originally backed strongly by the rich themselves. Senator Nelson Aldrich of Rhode Island, for example, a man widely known to be John D. Rockefeller's "inside man" in the Senate, was a principal proponent of a federal progressive income tax made legal by an amendment to the constitution. This is not surprising, for although the "progressives" who championed the income tax claimed that it would be a tax on the rich and that it would help the little guy, in reality it was largely a tax on the middle class. This is mainly because the wealthy, through the use of trusts and tax-exempt foundations, are able to escape much of their tax burden yet still have great influence and power over business, banking, and government. There was a significant difference between the propaganda and the reality; the populism championed by the progressives and populists was not the "share the wealth" program they portrayed it to be, but a control-the-wealth program. Under the guise of helping the little guy, the elites worked hard to implement an income tax. In keeping with the ideology of its primary backers, the new income tax was to be a "progressive" tax — one in which the tax rate increases as the taxable base income increases.
Omniscient Observers?
Senator Norris Brown of Nebraska first proposed an income-tax amendment to the Constitution with Senate Resolutions 25 and 39. The amendment proposal finally accepted was Senate Joint Resolution 40, introduced by Senator Nelson Aldrich, the Senate majority leader and Finance Committee chairman:
ARTICLE XVI: The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on income, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.
On July 12, 1909, the resolution proposing the 16th Amendment was passed by the 61st Congress and was submitted to the state legislatures. Not all states were initially in favor of an amendment, however. Many knew the imposition of the income tax would mean the rise of a federal revenue bureaucracy that extended from Washington, D.C., throughout the country and into the personal and business transactions of every American and every business. Private transactions would no longer be private; government would be able to monitor what everyone was doing. Richard E. Byrd, speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates, voiced his concerns on March 3, 1910, during the debate on whether to ratify the 16th Amendment:
It means that the state must give up a legitimate and long established source of revenue and yield it to the Federal government.
It means that the state actually invited the Federal government to invade its territory, to oust its jurisdiction and to establish Federal dominion within the innermost citadel of reserved rights of the Commonwealth.
This amendment will do what even the 14th and 15th Amendments did not do — it will extend the Federal power so as to reach the citizens in the ordinary business of life. A hand from Washington will be stretched out and placed upon every man's business; the eye of a Federal inspector will be in every man's counting house.
The law will of necessity have inquisitorial features, it will provide penalties. It will create a complicated machinery.
Under it, businessmen will be hauled into courts distant from their homes. Heavy fines, imposed by distant and unfamiliar tribunals, will constantly menace the taxpayer. An army of Federal inspectors, spies and detectives will descend upon the state. They will compel men of business to show their books and disclose the secrets of their affairs. They will dictate forms of bookkeeping. They will require statements and affidavits. On the one hand the inspector can blackmail the taxpayer and on the other, he can profit by selling his secret to his competitor.
When the Federal government gets a strangle hold on the individual businessman, state lines will exist nowhere but on the maps. Its agents will everywhere supervise the commercial life of the states.... I am not willing by any voluntary act to give up revenue which the State of Virginia herself needs, nor to surrender that measure of state's rights which was, and the construction of the Federal courts have permitted to remain.
In 1910, New York Governor Charles Evans Hughes opposed the income-tax amendment. While he supported the idea of a federal income tax, Hughes believed the words "from whatever source derived" in the proposed amendment implied that the federal government would have the power to tax state and municipal bonds. He believed this would excessively centralize governmental power and "would make it impossible for the state to keep any property." Support for the amendment did not relent, however. All three candidates in the 1912 presidential election — Progressive, or "Bull Moose candidate" Teddy Roosevelt, Republican William Howard Taft, and Democrat Woodrow Wilson — supported the tax. The ratification was complete on February 3, 1913. The Revenue Act of 1913 was enacted shortly thereafter to impose a new progressive tax, but it was a far cry from the tax burden Americans face today. Annual income below $20,000 (or about $460,000 in 2012) was taxed at one percent with an exemption of $3,000 (or nearly $70,000 in 2012); many Americans effectively paid no federal income tax. A "super tax" was instituted to really soak the rich, with an additional one-percent tax on successive income brackets over $20,000 up to $500,000. Thus, an individual earning $500,000 (nearly $11.6 million in 2012) would effectively pay a seven-percent federal income tax.
"Progressive" Purpose
While certainly not oppressive when compared to today's income-tax schedule, the new federal income tax represented a radical departure from the type of government Americans had lived under prior to the income tax. It gave the federal government access to potentially huge amounts of revenue that the government could then tap to finance various programs, very much including unconstitutional programs. Of course, even with increased funds available via the income tax, spending money on unconstitutional programs is still unconstitutional, but with the federal government now possessing the means to siphon vast streams of money out of the pockets of the American people into the coffers in Washington, the temptation to tap this resource to empower Washington was clearly too great to resist. The transfer of revenue and power to Washington not only strengthened Washington but also weakened the states, which themselves are republics (not provinces) in our federal system of government and possess powers not transferred to the national government by the U.S. Constitution. The very fact that the income tax now imposed on the American people is a progressive tax means the tax serves the purpose not only of providing the U.S. government with a powerful means of obtaining revenue, but also enables the government to redistribute the wealth. And with the creation of a de facto central bank (the Federal Reserve), also in 1913, the federal government has been essentially freed from budgetary restraints, since it can now simply print money to cover operating expenses if revenue is insufficient.
In 1946, Beardsley Ruml, then chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, wrote an article in American Affairs in which he explained the real function of the income tax. The article was entitled, interestingly, "Taxes for Revenue Are Obsolete." Ruml theorized that with the Federal Reserve, an institution and mechanism were in place to provide the federal government with a constant and virtually unlimited flow of dollars. That, of course, is inflationary, so Ruml believed that income taxes served the purpose of dampening inflation by lowering demand, a measure achieved by reducing the purchasing power of the masses by taking money out of their paychecks.
That was but one purpose of taxation, according to Ruml. The other was the redistribution of wealth from one class of citizens to another. Though done under the banner of social justice and equality, the real purpose was to supplant the decisions of a free people in a free market with the rule of the masters of a planned economy. As Ruml put it in his own words:
The second principal purpose of federal taxes is to attain more equality of wealth and of income than would result from economic forces working alone. The taxes which are effective for this purpose are the progressive individual income tax, the progressive estate tax, and the gift tax. What these taxes should be depends on public policy with respect to the distribution of wealth and of income. These taxes should be defended and attacked in terms of their effect on the character of American life, not as revenue measures.
For a while the populist pipe dream of taxing the rich seemed a reality, but soon the true socialist agenda of eliminating the bourgeois middle class became evident. By 1920, only 12 percent of the adult population paid an income tax. By 1940, that percentage had doubled. In 1942, the "temporary measure" of automatic withholding was instituted but never ended. Withholding gives the federal government the first crack at everyone's income. The government now takes what it wants and needs for its many projects, most of them unconstitutional, and leaves the income earner the rest. By 1960, more than two-thirds of American adults were paying the income tax, with most of it withheld from every paycheck. By the 1980s, estimates were that 75 to 80 percent of the nation's adults were paying the tax and that taxes on incomes amounted to 25 percent of all earnings, with taxes from all sources — federal, state, and local — moving above the one-third mark. Though the first graduated income tax hit very high earners at only seven percent, by 1921, the effective top rate had been pushed to 73 percent for those earning over $1 million. The 1954 Tax Code contained 24 brackets beginning with a rate of 20 percent for income under $2,000 (about $17,000 in 2012) and ending with a ridiculous 91 percent on income over $200,000 (about $1.7 million in 2012). The tax rates have been subsequently lowered several times since then, but still remain oppressively high compared to what they were in 1913.
Fear the Feds
What the income tax has done to economic, social, and personal freedom in the United States is remarkable. Investigating, targeting, and auditing of individuals, many times as reprisals for public statements or political activity unwelcome by those in power, has become a staple of American social and political life. For instance, the right to privacy has had a big hole blown in it, and the power of bureaucracy has been expanded enormously. Many Americans live in fear of a tax audit, and the tyranny and terror of the IRS in some instances approaches that of the former Soviet KGB. Governments should live in fear of the people, not the other way around. That may have been the case in America at the end of the 18th century when the Constitution was adopted, but it is surely not the case now.
With a strong central government empowered by a federal income tax, American society of today would be nearly unrecognizable to those living and working before 1913. The recipients of government aid or wealth redistribution have become increasingly dependent on government. And the war machine, fueled by both the income tax and the Federal Reserve, has made the U.S. government feared throughout the world. The redistribution of wealth has even been made international through foreign economic and military aid, all paid for courtesy of the U.S. taxpayer. By the end of World War II, the master planners had created not only the United Nations, NATO, and other entangling alliances, but the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, all useful for placing the people's money at the disposal of the master class that would use it to further their rule in the political, social, and economic life of the world. They have strong allies in the institutions that are supposed to buttress and expand the liberty and the welfare of the American people, from schools and other government institutions, to the news media and institutions of higher learning, both public and private. The greatest allies are the twin evils of ignorance and apathy.
Americans need to be made aware of the fact that the concept of a federal progressive income tax is based upon unconstitutional principles foreign to our early republican form of a limited central government with strong protections on states' rights and individual liberties. The fact that the 16th Amendment was added to the Constitution does not change those principles. The 16th Amendment must be repealed and the federal government limited to its constitutional powers for freedom to return to our Republic. The only way that this can happen is if Americans know the issues, and elect constitutionally-minded legislators. The strongest defense against institutionalized tyranny remains an educated and aroused American people.
Photo: Group of people filling out tax forms in Internal Revenue office
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Check out our BMW Z4 M Coupe photo gallery
with HQ pics.
Last update in Z4 M Coupe gallery: 2006-07-10
BMW said they would devote more effort to hybrid and electrical variations of their vehicles.
On the new teaser in BMW showed the interior of the product crossover on electricity, which will be calling iNext.
BMW started mass production of the third generation 1-Series hatch, which debuted in late May.
At the annual BMW Motorrad Days Summit from a group of students at the BMW Group Vocational School, a pickup with an X7 cross-country base was developed and built.
BMW officially presented the third generation of the BMW X6 coupe-cross.
At a special conference in Munich at BMW, was declassified the Vision M Next hybrid concept.
We select only big size bmw z4 m coupe photos
for our photogallery.

subset: commoncrawl


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Lea Michele credits actress Kate Hudson for helping her through the accidental overdose death of boyfriend and "Glee" costar Cory Monteith this summer.
After Monteith died abruptly July 13 as a result of a heroin-alcohol mix, Michele, who plays golden-voiced prima donna Rachel Berry on Fox's musical dramedy, turned to another "Glee" star, she tells Lizzy Goodman in the December issue of Elle.
"I called [Hudson] and said, 'I don't know where I'm going to go because my house is swarmed [with reporters].' She was like, 'Oh, you're going to stay at my house.' Like it was nothing. No one knew I was there," she said. "I'll never really be able to thank her, truly, for what she did for me."
OK, that makes us really feel warm and fuzzy on the inside, despite the cover line quoting her as saying "there are so many aspects of this that people are not invited to know."
Michele, who dated the 31-year-old actor for a few years, is still mourning her late boyfriend. But she said she's now starting to heal, and she appears to be setting the gold standard for how to mourn in Hollywood.
"I never thought I would be in this position in my whole life," the 27-year-old added. "Now that I am in this position, you can choose to rise, and that's what I'm going to try to do. I know that Cory would want nothing more than for me to take this situation and use it to help people."
"It's very hard," she added. "And you have to be very strong to come out of this alive, but I think by doing the best for myself, by showing that you don't have to lose yourself, maybe someone else will feel some sort of strength or comfort."
Follow Ministry of Gossip @LATcelebs.


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Michigan State Police are investigating whether Warren Mayor James Fouts illegally used a phone to make threats, a police spokesman confirmed for The Macomb Daily.
'We are investigating him. It is early in the investigation,' said Lt. Michael Shaw, a State Police spokesman. 'That doesn't mean the mayor is guilty of anything. Someone has made some allegations that (we're) looking into.'
Shaw declined to discuss the nature of the alleged threats or any evidence obtained thus far.
'We're starting to conduct interviews and collect evidence,' he said.
Shaw said it does not appear that the investigation is linked to a federal grand jury probe that began last year into city government including a high-ranking appointee and city contracts. He said the findings compiled by detectives will be presented to the Macomb County Prosecutor's Office for review in about a week.
The Macomb Daily reached Fouts by phone on Thursday but he said he was heading into an appointment and could not immediately answer questions.
Last August, the FBI served the first of two subpoenas in a seven-week period. Federal officials requested records involving the city's purchase of garbage trucks since 2008 and parts and tires for those rigs; documents including the city's contract with Detroit Renewable Energy and/or Detroit Renewable Power, the company that operates the Detroit trash incinerator; and all emails that Deputy Public Service Director Gus Ghanam sent, received or was copied on.
Ghanam was appointed by Fouts in late 2007, shortly into his first term. Ghanam oversees the city's sanitation division and receives an annual salary of $90,400.
Fouts said at the time that the federal investigation was 'a complete shock' and that the city administration was fully cooperating.
In late September, federal officials ordered the city to provide additional documents about Ghanam. According to documents obtained by The Macomb Daily under the Freedom of Information Act, the FBI served a subpoena, dated Sept. 25, for the city to provide:
*Personnel, salary, payment method and contract records for Ghanam.
*Bids, purchases, invoices, receipts, memos, emails and other records regarding Able Demolition.
*Contracts, proposals, bids, communications and other financial documents with the South Macomb Disposal Authority.
The subpoena did not explain why federal investigators were interested in Able Demolition's activities in Warren.
Fouts, 70, is currently in his second term as the chief elected administrator of Michigan's third-largest city. He has been a fixture of Warren politics for parts of four decades.
Voters first elected him to the City Council in 1981, and he served on the legislative board for 26 years as the self-proclaimed 'neighborhood councilman.' While on the council, he often dubbed Warren 'scandal city USA' in reference to previous investigations of former city officials during previous administrations and separate, unrelated criminal charges filed against three of his former fellow council members. Fouts frequently was a thorn in the side of former Mayor Mark Steenbergh.
Fouts, a retired teacher in the Warren Consolidated Schools, surprised some political observers when he ran for mayor in 2007. He overwhelmingly defeated former Clerk Richard Sulaka.
In November 2011, Fouts won re-election in a landslide over his most outspoken nemesis, then-councilwoman Kathy Vogt, by capturing 81 percent of the vote.


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Posts Tagged 'Trust'
READING EVENT: Fancy dress to raise for funds for Trust House Reading
Events Page Facebook
As you all are probably very aware we are huge supporters of Trust House in Reading. They will be holding a fancy dress event in various venues through out Reading, Berkshire, UK
Various pubs/ bars in Reading will encourage fancy dress in aid of raising money to provide much needed counselling hours for children in berkshire who have experienced sexual abuse. Please ask your friends and any bars you are regular at to take part. We will supply posters and collection pots to any bars who take part. Thankyou!


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I was pretty busy this weekend, owing to an 11-hour scrapbooking crop down in Fredericksburg, Va., that I attended. I went to the same event last year for the first time.
My mission for 2010: finish disassembling a K-12 scrapbook that my mom started for me and that I took over when I was old enough. It had been falling apart for years because of how much I tried to stuff into it and how often I paged through it. I finished rescuing the material from it and arranged the photos, mementos and school records into 12×12 scrapbooking pages for assembling into an album. Now, all I need to do is journal throughout the book and add some finishing touches.
Eleven hours is a loooooong time to sit in one place, but there was plenty to do around the convention center. The organizers put hundreds of scrapbooking layouts on display and attendees could walk around to take photos and get ideas for their own albums. I'm including some genealogy/family-history related layouts below (click on the photos to see a larger version of each):
Below are a couple of spreads from a fabulous genealogy scrapbook assembled digitally that was on display as well:
To see more photos from the event, including some really funny layouts, visit my Flickr page.


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December was another solid month for Markit Economics' U.S. service sector sample where the headline index comes in at 53.9, only slightly lower than November's 54.6 and October's 54.8 which were 1-year highs. New orders, though slowing, also remained solid in December with hiring especially strong. The strength is reflected in prices with input costs on the rise and selling prices, which have been soft, posting their best month since June 2015. The report cites rising confidence in the business outlook as a central feature of the December sampling. Watch for the ISM non-manufacturing report coming up at 10:00 a.m. ET this morning.
US Services Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) is based on monthly questionnaire surveys collected from over 400 U.S. companies which provide a leading indication of what is happening in the private sector services economy. It is seasonally adjusted and is calculated from seven components, including New Business, Employment and Business Expectations.
Investors need to keep their fingers on the pulse of the economy because it indicates how various types of investments will perform. The Markit Services PMI provides advance insight into the services sector, which gives investors a better understanding of business conditions and valuable information about the economic backdrop of various markets. The stock market likes to see healthy economic growth which generally translates to higher corporate profits. The bond market prefers less rapid growth and is extremely sensitive to whether the economy is growing too quickly and causing potential inflationary pressures. The PMI data are also used by many Central Banks to help make interest rate decisions.
The Markit PMI Services Flash data give a detailed look at the services sector, the pace of growth and the direction of this sector. Since the service sector accounts for more than three-quarters of U.S. GDP, this report has a significant influence on the markets. In addition, its sub-indexes provide a picture of new business, employment, business expectations and prices.
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Campbell plays EL All-Star hero
Mets prospect caps two-out rally with walk-off single in ninth
By David Driver / Special to MLB.com | July 11, 2012 7:43 PM
Campbell singled past third baseman Buck Britton with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning Wednesday night, scoring Troy Hanzawa and giving the Eastern Division All-Stars a 5-4 win over the Western Division in front of 9,477 fans at First Energy Stadium.
"I hit a 3-1 fastball," said Campbell, who was named MVP. "[Harrisburg's Hector Nelo] fell behind in the count and I wanted to get a fastball."
After being interviewed on the field, Campbell got a face full of shaving cream from teammate Bryce Brentz of the Portland Sea Dogs.
"This has been so much fun," Campbell said. "This is a great place to play Minor League baseball."
Reading skipper Dusty Wathan, who managed the winners, has recorded two walk-off All-Star victories in the Minors. While managing Class A Lakewood in 2009, he guided the North Division past the South in the South Atlantic League Midseason Classic. He knew Wednesday's game would end after nine innings, no matter what happened in his team's last at-bat.
"In the words of George Brett, it is like kissing your sister," Wathan said of a possible tie. "It is huge for (Campbell) to come up with a hit like that."
With two outs in the ninth, Hanzawa fouled off several pitches from Nelo before drawing a walk. Kevin Mahoney of the Trenton Thunder followed with a single to right, sending Hanzawa to third. Campbell worked the count to 3-1 before hitting a ground ball into left field as New Hampshire's Mike McDade threw up his arms in the on-deck circle and raced to greet Campbell at first.
"We came up with the big hits," said McDade, who went 4-for-4 with two RBIs.
The win went to New Britain's Daniel Turpen, who retired Britton for the final out in the top of the ninth.
"It was pretty exciting. It was impressive to be that patient in a tight game," Turpen said of the two-out at-bats by Hanzawa, Mahoney and Campbell.
After slugging a two-run homer in the fourth, Erie's Jordan Lennerton lifted the West into a 4-4 tie with a sacrifice fly in the sixth. His drive to center field scored Bowie's Jonathan Schoop, who led off with a single and took third on a base hit by Altoona's Brock Holt.
"Obviously, we would have liked to win," Lennerton said. "But we wanted to go out there and have fun and put on a good show for the fans."
"It did not go our way," added Britton, who guessed he came within about five feet of gloving Campbell's walk-off hit.
McDade was involved in all of the East's first four runs. He delivered an RBI double in the first, a run-scoring single in the third and he was credited with another base hit when catcher Ramon Cabrera dropped a popup along the first-base line. Binghamton's Jefry Marte followed with a sacrifice fly to score Campbell, who doubled with one out, to give the East a 4-3 lead.
McDade also led off the eighth with a bloop single off Richmond's Brett Bochy, the son of Giants' manager Bruce Bochy. But McDade was doubled up at second after Harrisburg center fielder Eury Perez made a sliding catch of a sinking liner by Reading's Leandro Castro.
Erie's Niuman Romero led off the fourth for the Western Division with a single off New Hampshire right-hander Yohan Pino and Lennerton smacked a two-run homer to forge a 3-3 tie.
Bowie's Zach Clark, pitching on his 29th birthday, came on in the third for the West and allowed the RBI single to McDade. Reading's Darin Ruf scored on a fielder's choice by New Hampshire's Mark Sobolewski, but Clark got out of the inning by retiring Brentz on a forceout.
Harrisburg outfielder Chris Rahl, who won Tuesday's Home Run Derby, tied the game at 1-1 by singling home Akron's Thomas Neal in the second.
The Eastern All-Stars grabbed a 1-0 lead in the first when McDade doubled home New Hampshire's Ryan Goins.
"We knew we were not going 10 [innings]," Campbell said. "The two guys in front of me had incredible at-bats. It has been unbelievable. You can't ask for anything more."
David Driver is a contributor to MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.View More


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A handful of you are already planning on picking up the Surface Pro when it comes out February 9 (use that reservation card). Before you make the decision on whether to get the 64GB or 128GB version you should know about some storage issues. Like the original Surface RT, useable storage on the Surface Pro will be less than advertised. If you pick up the 128GB model you're looking at 83GB left and if you pick up the 64GB version you'll be stuck with 23Gb. Let that sink in.
We first brought the issue up in a From the Forums column, well technically you brought it up first, but it's worth highlighting again since its making rounds around the blogosphere. Microsoft has released the following statement to a variety of outlets:
"The 128 GB version of Surface Pro has 83 GB of free storage out of the box. The 64GB version of Surface Pro has 23GB of free storage out of the box. Of course, Surface Pro has a USB 3.0 port for connectivity with almost limitless storage options, including external hard drives and USB flash drives. Surface also comes pre-loaded with SkyDrive, allowing you to store up to 7GB of content in the cloud for free. The device also includes a microSDXC card slot that lets you store up to 64GB of additional content to your device. Customers can also free up additional storage space by creating a backup bootable USB and deleting the recovery partition."
While it's definitely an advantage that you can add more storage with a microSD card, it's still rather unfortunate so much space is used up by the OS, built-in apps, and the recovery partition. If you're reading a tech site like ours, odds are you can easily remove the recovery partition by creating a backup bootable USB, but the average user out there won't even know what's wrong.
Knowing what you now know, which version of the Surface Pro are you going to go with? Can and should Microsoft communicate the situation and potential solutions to customers in a clear manner? Are they hoping to push SkyDrive? Sound off below or in this Windows Phone Central Forums discussion.
Source: Engadget


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GCN Lab Review
Government agencies at all levels have to keep track of millions of constituents' street addresses. That's a lot of keystrokes and potentially a lot of wrong addresses.
Experian QAS Pro
Pros: Clears your database of wrong addresses with fewer keystrokes.Cons: No getting around the drudgery involved in maintaining address lists.
Performance: AEase of use: A+Features: AVersatility: B+Price: Pricing varies based on processor and seats. Call (617) 385-6700 for details.
One way around the problem is Experian QAS Pro software. Its parent company, Experian, is the same one that has brought you credit reports for the past few decades.
QAS is an address-capture utility that offers a window into the U.S. Postal Service's address file of about 155 million addresses. The software also can be configured for other countries. I noticed on the QAS Web site for Great Britain (www.qas.co.uk) that the company configures the software for the Royal Mail postcode address file.
If you buy the software, a staff member from QAS will come to your office and configure the software to work with whatever existing constituent management database you use. QAS will send you an update every two months. It will work with Oracle, SAP, Microsoft SQL Server and Siebel databases, among others. It won't run on Macs, but it will work with Unix and most kinds of Windows (95/98/ME/XP and NT/2000/2003). It's also available in client-server or local versions.
QAS comes on two disks that took up about a gigabyte on my Dell Optiplex GX 280 with an 3.20 GHz Intel CPU running Windows XP. The company uses proprietary compression techniques to keep the storage space low.
The software loads four main sections: a configuration utility, a data checker, QuickAddress Pro (the main data entry window) and a link to a support site.
QAS came with easy-to-follow notes on how to use hot keys to reduce keystrokes. Alt-Q, for example, pops up the QuickAddress Pro window and Ctrl-N starts a new search. It lets you drill down through the database so that you only have to select addresses from a list, down to the apartment or suite level, going from the more general, such as ZIP code or city name, to the more specific.
The software also corrects you as you type. If you make a mistake or put in a nonexistent address, the font automatically turns red.
I typed what I thought would be an imaginary address: Santa Claus, North Pole. But the font did not turn red. Guess what, Virginia? There really is a Santa Claus, and he lives at 325 S Santa Claus Lane, North Pole, Alaska 99705-9900.
I found my grandmother's house in Fort Smith, Ark., in three clicks. Clicking on "Accept" will load the address into the address entry program you are using.
One problem government agencies have in managing their address lists is that people often leave off their apartment numbers. As an apartment dweller myself, I can attest that I see a lot of abandoned letters in the lobby addressed to John Smith, 1234 Tower Street, Bethesda, Md. This is like John Smith wanting to give the impression he owns the whole building and not just a modest one-bedroom apartment.
Quick Address Pro lets you know that John Smith has given you incomplete information by showing you the available apartment numbers associated with that address.
The package also comes with a sheet of exercises to try out. I tried to guess the city that correlated to the ZIP code but was usually not close. When I worked on a USPS contract, some of the older postal workers would play a ZIP code game where somebody would holler out a ZIP code, and somebody else would name the city. The only ZIP code cities I knew were 90210, my home, work and a few others.
One of the suggested exercises that came with QAS was to type in 300 Wilkins Ave. with a ZIP code of 23868. I knew there's a Wilkins Ave. in Baltimore, so I tried to put in Baltimore as a city name. No luck: The letters turned bright red. It turns out 23868 is the ZIP code for Lawrenceville, Va.
The hands-on support of Experian QAS staff members was a real plus. They even called me a week or so after I installed the software to see if it was running OK or if I had any questions.
Experian QAS is a serious address package for serious work — motor vehicle departments, unemployment offices, tax administration offices and courts — people who need to find your real, current address without delay.
Experian QAS, 617-385-6700, www.qas.com
About the Author
Trudy Walsh is a senior writer for GCN.
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As we move YaST to the Web, we also want to give it a web-like architecture offering its functionality for widespread consumption.
So we started off by separating the client frontend (user interface) from the server backend (functionality) and settling for a RESTful api between them. We also decided on using Ruby on Rails (usually just named 'Rails') to implement both layers. Besides its widespread adoption outside of OpenSUSE, Rails is used in a couple of company projects like
- SUSE Studio
- OpenSUSE buildservice (frontend)
- OpenFATE
ActiveResource ...
ActiveResource gives you an object-oriented interface for resources, hiding all the HTTP protocol or serialization issues from you.
Following the model-view-controller principle of Rails, resources are separated into their model, behaviour, and visualization. The resource model is expressed as a ruby class below app/models, the resource behaviour and basic lifecycle operations (create-read-update-delete) is implemented in a Controller class living below app/controllers, and app/views hosts the visualization files.
A device resource would be modelled as app/models/device.rb, implemented as app/controllers/devices_controller.rb, and viewed through app/views/devices. (Note that controllers are always plural, even for singleton resources.)
... and routing
To make resource accessible from the outside, routing information must be placed inside config/routes.rb. Routing assigns a URL to the resource, making it accessible from the outside and uniquely identifying it.
For the device resource, a map.resources :device call inside config/routes.rb would publish the resource as /devices, effectively offering a set of URLs and HTTP methods:
|HTTP verb
|used for
|display a list of all devices
|create a new device
|display a specific device
|update a specific device
|delete a specific device
Limitations of the routing scheme
This scheme of identifying resources via URLs works well for a limited number of resources which all have models below app/models and controllers inside app/controllers.
But it is hard to follow if you allow resources as plugins, which you cannot control and prevent them stomping on another plugins feet. Imagine a printer plugin offering devices and a network plugin doing the same. The /devices URL cannot uniquely identify the resource, a simple
map.resources :devicesrouting is not sufficient.
Pluggable resources
To make pluggable resources work, you have to centralize the routing and restrain from defining URLs. This also matches well with the RESTful principle of hypertext driven APIs and narrowing the URL exposure window.
A resource plugin for the rest-service of YaST is identified by the interface it offers and the controller implementing it.
This is done with a config file in yaml format. It specifies the interface and controller as
interface: org.opensuse.yast.printer.devices
controller: yast/printer/devices
in a .yml file below config/resources. A resource
plugin can offer any number of resources this way.
Interfaces are qualified names like org.opensuse.yast.system.language or org.opensuse.yast.system.users. Ideally, these names should match the prefix for the PolicyKit action controlling access to the resource.
Implementation details
To minimize name clashes, the controller implementing the resource must be inside a namespace. Rails supports this by allowing subdirectories below app/controllers and automatically wrapping controller classes within modules matching the directory names.
Thus a network/device_controller and a printer/device_controller can live side-by-side an be accessed as Network::DeviceController and Printer::DeviceController. You could even nest more deeply like Org::Opensuse::Yast::System::Users, but let's not overdo it.
Rails resource routing puts another restriction on URLs: Rails manages routes as a set of maps, describing URLs as a combination of controller (implementing the resource) and action. Thus the file name and path of the controller define the URL, you cannot name them independently. So the controller: value in the resource description directly affects the resulting URL. Different resource plugins should use different namespaces to effectively prevent name clashes.
Querying the rest-service
The rest-service only publishes a single url, namely /resources, where clients can query for the URL offering a specific interface.
This URL follows RESTful principles since a HTTP GET request returns a list of all resources. Its also possible to request a specific output format, either by setting the Accept header of the http request or by appending .xml or .html.
You can easily try it out by starting the rest-service and pointing a browser to http://localhost:3000/resources.
To find the right resource URL, the client just needs to pass the interface name as ?interface=name and extract the reference from the result. Stay tuned for a future post exploring the client side in more detail.


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In the early 2nd century the early Church held a document in very high regard. From this document we learn about the parents of the Blessed Virgin Mary and her own birth.
Since today is the Feast Day of Joachim and Anna, I thought I would provide a link to the Protoevangelium of James so you can read the fascinating story for yourself.
Remember, this is from about 150 AD and was read in many churches in the early years.
To join one of our pilgrimages, or to learn more, visit www.SteveGoes.com or call (800) 727-1999 and ask for Suzanne at extension 121.
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ROCHESTER — Police arrested a city woman accused of stealing money from her employer, Circle K in Gonic.
Meaghan Rice, 28, of 5 Lilac Drive Apt. 26, was arrested and charged Tuesday with felony-level theft by unauthorized taking.
Police allege Rice stole money from Circle K for two months while employed there. Police say she was stealing by making fraudulent sales and placing the proceeds onto her prepaid Visa card.
On Wednesday, Police Capt. Paul Toussaint said he could provide few further details into the alleged offense. Because the case is now in the pretrial period, "We can't really get into the 'hows' of how she did it," he said.
Rice was arrested after a monthlong investigation by police. Toussaint said the investigation began after management at Gonic Circle K reported potential theft being conducted by employees.
After her arrest, Rice was released on $10,000 personal recognizance bail.
Her arraignment is scheduled for April 29 at Rochester Circuit Court.
Police: Circle K clerk made fraudulent sales
ROCHESTER — Police arrested a city woman accused of stealing money from her employer, Circle K in Gonic.


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Den Leader Getting Started Guide
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
| Den Leader Getting Started Guide - This entire article prints on the front and back of one page!
144 Fun Activities - Most are based on requirements or electives! All on one page!
First of all, Welcome! Thank you for being a Den Leader.
You may have a boy in your den. What fun! These are the "good old days!" As they grow up, their friends may change. Some day if they work hard, they can be Eagle Scouts! Their friends that day might very well be these buddies from your Den.
You have a Den Meeting coming up, so let's get started. Don't try to reinvent the wheel. MeritBadge.Org already has the resources you need! Here are the three most important things:
- Keep It Simple.
- Make it Fun.
- Keep Them Safe.
Applications & Roster. Make sure that your Pack has turned in your Adult Application and has each boy registered in your Den. Share a roster with each family's names, address, phone, and names, cell numbers, and email. Include Cubmaster and Assistant Cubmasters' names and numbers. If your Pack uses a program like PackMaster, this is easy to do.
Online training. Your Cub Scout Leader online training is good and you can have it done today:
- Fast Start Training has info and examples for planning and conducting FUN meetings.
- This Is Scouting highlights the values, aims, history, and methods of Scouting.
- Youth Protection Training helps keep them safe.
Leader Specific Training. The last part of your New Leader Training is Leader Specific Training through your local council or district. You will learn a lot and make good contacts.
Den Leader Resources. Your Cubmaster will host monthly Den Leader Meetings to review upcoming events and share ideas. Your Cubmaster should provide a list of the other Tiger, Wolf & Bear, or Webelos Leaders' names, positions, and phone numbers. Call with any questions! Ask about Uniforms and Roundtable meetings where area Cub leaders share ideas. Your pack should give you a handbook, and Cub Scout Leader Guide #646725.
Den Meetings. Work with your families to set up a weekly hour-long Den Meeting time. You might meet at your Chartered Organization, a church, school, or boy's home. The location must be safe and have plenty of room for projects and games. The Welcome New Den Leader will help you.
Pack Meetings. Each den has a job at the monthly Pack Meetings such as Setup, Opening, Skits, Songs, Cheers, Closing, and Cleanup. Events include Pinewood Derby, Blue & Gold, & Roundup.
Fast Tracks. Would you like a great set of notes from past den leaders? Fast Tracks are official lesson plans and ideas to help you with your first 16 den meetings each year. All new Cub Scouts earn Bobcat first. You can cover Bobcat in two meetings using the Tiger Fast Tracks.
Cub Scout Awards include the Outdoor Activity, National Summertime, Leave No Trace, etc.
Parents. While Tiger Cub Scouts must have an adult partner with them, it is important to involve parents at every level. "Drop and Dash" families will drain your resources and their boys are often the ones who drop out. It is hard to convince a boy that something is important if his family shows it's not..
Denners. Ask adult partners to take turns coordinating the meetings. Ask who has contacts with the fire or police departments, local parks, etc. When a family coordinates a meeting, their boy gets to be Denner! The Denner gets gold cords and to help lead the Pledge of Allegiance and brings the treats, typically something easy and cheap like granola bars and juice. The Denner and his adult partner are in charge of setup and cleanup. Have a Denner and Assistant Denner for each meeting.
Boy's who get to be Denner don't drop out! And you will not end doing everything by yourself.
Assistant Den Leader. Share the load with your Assistant Den Leader. Your Pack may register Assistant Den Leaders as Den Leaders so that you can both get all of the same training and each earn your Cub Scout Leader Awards.
Fun Night. Have at least one Fun Night each year. Ask each family to bring their favorite board games and soft drinks. Order pizza & you have a party! Fun Nights are also a chance to help boys who have missed meetings catch up.
Belt Loop Day. Have at least one Belt Loop Day each year. Your den can do your own but it can be more fun if other dens or the whole pack is involved. Your council may also host one. See the National Summertime Award for a list of great activity ideas. In one day, your Cubs could have a hike or bike ride, a picnic lunch, and earn fun Belt Loops!
Take it one day at a time. Keep one meeting ahead in your Bookshelf#Cub_Scout_Resources handbook. Get every family and boy involved. Ask for help. Get trained. Each month get the new Theme, Program Helps, and other materials from MeritBadge.Org. It's KISMIF: Keep It Simple. Make It FUN. (Keep them safe.)
That is a lot of information! And this is just the beginning of the resources. MeritBadge.Org has info on Day Camp, Resident Camp, Roundups, and more.
Go have FUN! Did they tell you? "It Is Just an Hour A Week!" ☺
See also
|The Building Blocks of New Leader Training
| Youth Protection Training
Prior to submitting Application
|Capstone for Pack Trainers, Scoutmasters, and Chartered Org Reps
After completion a leader is Trained
|Before the First Meeting Taken Immediately
|First 30 Days Completed as soon as possible
|Position Trained Taken when familiar with position
- Den Meeting Plans: Tiger Cub, Wolf, Bear, Webelos Program: Webelos I, Webelos II
- Leader Awards: Cub Scout Den Leader Award (Tiger/Wolf/Bear/Webelos), Scouter's Training Award (basically all adult leaders but Den Leaders), Scouter's Key (Cubmaster), Den Chief Service Award (Den Chief)
- Program Helps: Recruiting, & CubTrax Spreadsheets
- Activities: Day Camp, Resident Camp, Whittling Chip, Guide to Safe Scouting
- Training: Youth Protection, New Leader, BALOO, Webelos Outdoor, Wood Badge, Philmont, Den Chief Training
- Fundraising, Popcorn, and the importance of Individual Youth Accounts
- Nameplates: Official BSA Name plates for your uniforms
See the Cub Scout Leader Resources for the Pack Organization Chart and much more.
|Cub Scout Leader portal
|Cub Scout Resources
|New Leader Brochures:
|Applications & Reports:
|Youth Application
|Adult Leader Application
|Advancement Report
|Online Training:
|New Leader
|Youth Protection Training
|Safe Swim Defense
|Safety Afloat
|Safety Guides:
|Guide to Safe Scouting
|Safe Swim Defense
|Safety Afloat
|Climb On Safely
|Permission Slip
|Medical Exam Forms:
|Annual Health and Medical Record
|Age-Appropriate Guidelines
|More forms…


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Ed Ou / The New York Times via Redux Pictures
Photojournalists Guy Martin, left, and Dominic Nahr take cover behind a wall as anti- and pro-government protesters throw stones during a clash near Tahrir Square in Cairo, Feb. 3, 2011.
The 27-year-old was in a group of photographers caught in a mortar attack in Misrata on April 20, 2011. Martin was seriously injured and two of his friends and colleagues, Tim Hetherington and Chris Hondros, were killed.
Martin's life was saved by doctors who then prepared him for a perilous evacuation by boat from the besieged city.
Ten months on and still recovering from his injuries, he spoke to NBC News. Watch the video below:
Guy Martin was badly injured while capturing the events of the Arab Spring. As Libya marks one year since the beginning of the country's uprising, Martin reflects on life on the frontline.
Martin had spent several months covering the Arab Spring, documenting the historic events in Egypt and moving on to the brutal civil war in Libya. His pictures documenting the unrest in Cairo's Tahrir Square have just gone on display in London.
As well as the chaotic scenes of violence, Martin prides himself on capturing the quiet, contemplative moments that give some context to the historical moments he has witnessed.
"Despite the physical violence, the risk that we put ourselves in, you have a duty, a responsibility to come out of those situations with pictures, with strong images that communicate what was happening on the ground," he says.
Guy Martin / Panos Pictures
Rebel fighters moved from house to house, back street by back street to fire on Gadhafi's forces. Here a rebel soldier takes cover in a stairwell as he prepares to fire on Gadhafi loyalists in the adjacent room, just a few meters away. Tripoli Street, Misrata, Libya, April 20, 2011.
Guy Martin / Panos Pictures
Rebel fighters run across an intersection that was frequently targeted by sniper fire. Misrata, April 18, 2011.
Guy Martin / Panos Pictures
Rebel fighters takes cover behind trees on the strategically important Tripoli Street in Misrata during a fierce battle for control of the road on the morning of April 20, 2011. Hours later Guy Martin was seriously injured.
The Last Days of Mubarak, an exhibition by Guy Martin and Ivor Prickett, runs at London's Foto8 gallery until March 10.
- Audio: Guy Martin and Ivor Prickett discuss their work in Egypt and Libya
- Slideshow: Chris Hondros' images from Libya
- Slideshow: Conflict in Libya


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Swimming Pool Blog
by Rob Cox, July 4, 2012
Summer Pool Party Games for Adults
July 4th pool parties - what's more American than that? BBQ, music, friends and your clear, blue pool.
Getting your guests in the water can sometimes be a challenge. Easy enough for kids - but how do you get adults into the pool?
The first step is prep. Prepare your guests by telling them to bring or wear their swimsuit to the pool party. Have a "Get Wet Pool Party".
Next step in prep is to have many towels on hand, and places for guests to dry off when they get out of the pool. A changing cabana is a nice touch, or another comfortable location where your guests can change out of their suits after their swim will make the experience more enjoyable for adult pool party swimmers.
Here's some fun pool party games that will help draw adults into the pool.
Pool Volleyball Game
Pool volleyball is the most popular social mixing game for adults. Volleyball in the pool is a game that is non-threatening for most people, and can really get adults into the water. Using a beachball, as in the picture above slows the game down, and makes it more fun for everyone. Draw the line at spiking the ball however, to prevent bloody noses. We have several pool volleyball games similar to what's shown in the picture, or you can string any volleyball net across the pool, tied to poles or extended to a sturdy fence or strong tree.
Inner Tube Water Polo
This game requires a pool on the large side, and a deck on two sides to set up your water polo goals. If your kid has a small soccer or hockey net, these make good goals, or you can lay two deck chairs sideways on the edge of the pool, with a lounge chair on top.
Like pool volleyball, inner tube water polo games will slow down when you use a beachball instead of a volleyball or real water polo ball. But the inner tubes will slow down the game too, and create a lot of giggles as players paddle to manuever themselves within shooting range of the opposite team's goal. For most adults, the 36" tube is too small, go for the 42" tubes, or 48, if your players are larger adults.
Parlor Games
There are some other pool games that you can offer adult guests, such as the Swim-up BlackJack game, a floating blackjack table for 2-4 people. If all your rowdy friends are coming over tonight, maybe they'd like to play the PortOPong game, which is an inflatable, floating beer pong game - try to bounce the ping pong balls into the other players cups.
Floating Islands & Chairs
Having several comfortable floating pool chairs or floating islands for your guests to lounge in also gets them, and keeps them in the pool. The Papasan Spring float is affordable enough to buy several, and keeps guests in an upright position. The Sunseat Spring float is a bit larger pool seat that can keep guests comfortably chatting for hours.
Islands look great in the pool, and they always attract the bathing beauties. 6' wide, and larger inflatable pool islands can hold 2-3 people. If you have a larger pool you can fit several of these islands.
Hoping all of your pool parties this summer are fun and safe! Enjoy your pools, America!


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April 18, 2006: HD DVD Format
2006 – Toshiba launches the HD DVD format in the US. The first HD DVD players were the HD-A1 and HD-XA1. RCA would rebrand the A1 to the HDV-5000. The first HD DVD with TrueHD soundtrack was the Phantom of the Opera. Osborne Computer introduces the Osborne Executive and Executive II portable computers The final version of WordPerfect is released Aneesh Chopra is appointed the U.S. Chief Technology Officer Podcast: Play in new window | DownloadSubscribe! Apple Podcasts | Android | RSS | More
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
Subscribe! Apple Podcasts | Android | RSS | More


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David Gregory: Jerk?
MSNBC took away Tucker Carlson's show because it was terrible and no one watched it. They gave to former White House correspondent David Gregory (the tall guy). We're not sure if his show is terrible or not, because no one still watches it. But regardless, rumors continue to fly that Gregory is being "groomed" to take the place of Hardballer Chris Matthews. Matthews is a network star, but he comes with a lot of baggage, like accusations of sexism, embarrassing magazine profiles, and his inability to deal politely with his staff. Gregory—famous for, in addition to his height, his testy and sarcastic exchanges with Bush press secretaries—doesn't have the ratings to justify any of this yet, obv, but supposedly CBS wants him so therefore NBC needs him even more because that's how TV works with its "talent." But would replacing Matthews with Gregory be even more of a disaster?
Gregory generally came off as awkward when trying to lighten up during his gig guest-hosting Today—he also did quite a bit of dancing. He also once called in to Don Imus either terribly jet-lagged or comically drunk. And some people claim he's hated by his staff and, uh, mouths off to the help.
He might well be hated by his staff and mean to wait-staff. He's smug, self-important, and largely humorless despite his on-air geniality (it's almost like he's in television!). But we bummed around DC for a little while doing not much of anything in particular and from what we heard at the time, from people who might happen to know him, he's not Chris Matthews bad.
We could be wrong. Anyone work with or for the man? Or served him dinner? tell us how it went.


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John Martorano, 72, took the stand against his former criminal associate James Whitey Bulger on Monday and told the jury about killing rivals in drive-by shootings as his friend became the kingpin in Boston organized crime circles.
According to Reuters Martorano is the first of Bulger's former associates to testify against him in federal court, where Bulger is being tried on charges including racketeering and 19 murders he either committed or ordered while running Boston's Winter Hill crime gang in the 1970s and 80s.
Bulger, 83, has reportedly pleaded not guilty to all charges. He faces the possibility of life in prison if convicted.
On the stand Martorano, who has spent 12 years in prison for 20 murders he confessed to, recalled several execution-style killings of Bulger rivals and people mistaken for them, in which he served as gunman while Bulger drove a backup car.
The night of December 1, 1973, when they set off to kill rival James O'Toole was different, Martorano said.
'This night here, Whitey wanted to do the driving, so he came with me,' Martorano recalled. Bulger, who served as lookout while Martorano got out of the car and gunned O'Toole down with a machine gun, had to wave off a passerby who came walking down the street.
'He chased him off with his hand, and he said, 'I'm never going to be in the car without a gun again,' Martorano said.
That night the gang members reportedly gunned down O'Toole, said Martorano, but they also shot dead at least two other people unintentionally in their efforts to murder rival gang boss Al Notarangeli, whom they shot dead in February 1974.
Martorano also told the jury that it broke his heart to learn that Bulger had served as an FBI informant. Martorano said he had named his youngest son James Stephen in honor of Bulger and another associate, Stephen Flemmi.
The FBI has extensive files of information it says Bulger provided them during the years when investigators who shared Bulger's Irish American background worked with him to take down the Italian mafia in the United States.
Bulger also denies being an informant.
Bulger's lawyer has described him as a criminal who engaged in illegal gambling, loan-sharking and drug dealing but not murder. Prosecutors instead portray him as a cold blooded killer.
Bookmaker Richard O'Brien, 84, testified that he began working with Bulger's criminal gang in the early 1970s. The arrangement was helpful to enforce collections on debts he was owed.
'When we had a problem, the best thing I had was to say, 'Do you want to speak with someone from Winter Hill?' O'Brien testified.
O'Brien also reportedly said he had lied during grand jury testimony in 1995 when he denied that he paid protection money to Bulger out of fear of what would happen to him if he testified against Bulger and his associates.
'I wouldn't testify against those people because of the repercussions you could have,' he said.


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Vice President Joe Biden came out swinging in the only Vice Presidential debate, delivering an aggressive — and often mocking — performance that effectively steamrolled his Republican opponent Paul Ryan.
On almost all counts, the match-up was a success for the Vice President, who needed to deliver a commanding performance after President Barack Obama's disastrous debate in Denver last week. Biden was an effective messenger for the Obama campaign, hitting Romney on his 47 percent comments, and defending the administration's legislative agenda and foreign policy.
For voters who already like Biden, his performance was likely a welcome relief from the President's lackluster debate showing.
But Biden's performance was also mocking and frequently disdainful of Ryan, the House Budget Chairman who is 20 years Biden's senior. On several occasions, Biden actually laughed in Ryan's face, and dismissed the Republican's arguments as "malarkey."
Needless to say, Biden's detractors reacted fiercely, panning the vice president's performance as contemptuous and inappropriate.
This dichotomy was perhaps best illuminated by the candidate's exchange over the federal stimulus program, which Ryan opposed.
"I love my friend here!" Biden cackled, after Ryan accused the vice president of "crony capitalism." "He sent me two letters saying, 'By the way, can you send me some stimulus money for companies here in the state of Wisconsin?' We sent millions of dollars...
"I love that. I love that," he added. "This was such a bad program and he writes me a letter saying — writes the Department of Energy a letter saying, "The reason we need this stimulus, it will create growth and jobs." His words. And now he's sitting here looking at me."
Watch the entire debate by topic >


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On Friday April 25, 2008, nearly 100 delegates from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Asia-Pacific Forestry Week in Hanoi joined the parallel session on Protected Areas, Equity and Livelihoods (PAEL), funded by IUCN Economics & Environment and jointly organized by IUCN, Asia Forest Network (AFN) and the Regional Community Forestry Training Center for Asia and Pacific (RECOFTC).
The session gave stakeholders and interested parties the opportunity to share perspectives on the current state of Protected Areas (PAs) management in the region and on priority areas for action to better incorporate equity and livelihoods considerations in the establishment and management of PAs.
A number of key issues were raised and discussed including, among others, the opportunities and risks associated with working with the private sector, the effectiveness of participatory governance mechanisms and the context-specific nature of equity.
The session was organised in support of the work of the World Commission on Protected Areas Task Force on PAEL. Participants' details were collected and added to the mailing list for the Task Force Asia Regional Group and a summary report from the session has been provided to the Task Force to ensure that insights and issues raised at the session are fed into the ongoing development of its workplan in Asia.


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Before sending anything to us, please note that:
Manic Depression is a label dedicated to Post-Punk, Cold-Wave, Dark-Wave, Goth Rock musics…
We don't do punk, post-rock, metal, synth pop, psyche, industrial, experimental jazz or yukulele folk songs. So if you do, don't send us anything.
If you make music in the matching genres, we are not interested in your one and only demo song, we would listen to a full album.
We receive dozen of requests per week, we don't have time to listen to everything and we don't want to listen to music that we know won't fit the label (even if we sometimes do…). We don't have time to answer to everyone and we don't want to. Don't insist by sending a new mail every week, month, year. We surely won't politely answer to this one, so we don't.
No answer is already an answer.
Manic Depression is a non-profit association, run on a voluntary basis on our after job-family-real life hours. We have already quite a lot to do, you surely do. Don't waste anybody's time.
If we like your music we might answer you, maybe late, maybe with a negative answer… If your music does not fit the label, you should have known before…
If you still think that you can send us some music, don't ask us if you can send us some music, send it!
Streaming is easier than downloading. Make it short, efficient but personal and polite.
For the year to come, we will try to focus on our existing roster and existing agenda, but if you think your music really worth it, give it a chance!
N.B.: We speak french and english, that's all.
Manic Depression
c/o JEAN-LOUIS MARTEL
Info : email@example.com
Commandes : email@example.com
Site web et bugs : email@example.com
Manic Depression @ MySpace
Manic Depression @ Facebook


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Land, Piety, Peoplehood: The Establishment of Mennonite Communities in America, 1683-1790, Volume 1
Herald Press, 1985 - Social Science - 343 pages
The Mennonite Experience in America Series weaves together the histories of all Mennonite and Amish groups in the United States. It offers something new in Mennonite and Amish history: an attempt to tell not only the inside story but also how one religious people, or set of peoples, has lived and developed along with the pluralism of the nation.Richard K. MacMaster follows the Mennonite migration to the New World and analyzes the economic, social, political, and religious forces which drove these people out of the Old World into America. MacMaster paints a portrait of the lives of the early American Mennonite people: their wealth, migration patterns, social structures, family patterns, and changing attitudes toward education. He traces the influence of such movements as Pietism on these people and shows how they fit into the total context of colonial and revolutionary America. Volume 1.
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District Courts of Appeal
- First District Court of Appeal - (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 8th and 14th Circuits)
- Second District Court of Appeal - (6th, 10th, 12th, 13th and 20th Circuits)
- Third District Court of Appeal - (11th and 16th Circuits)
- Fourth District Court of Appeal - (15th, 17th and 19th Circuits)
- Fifth District Court of Appeal - (5th, 7th, 9th and 18th Circuits)
The bulk of trial court decisions that are appealed are never heard by the Supreme Court. Rather, they are reviewed by three-judge panels of the district courts of appeal. Florida did not have district courts of appeal until 1957.
Until that time, all appeals were heard solely by the Supreme Court. As Florida grew rapidly in the twentieth century, however, the Supreme Court's docket became badly congested. Justice Elwyn Thomas with help from other members of the Court perceived the problem and successfully lobbied for the creation of the district-court system to provide intermediate appellate courts.
The Constitution now provides that the Legislature shall divide the State into appellate court districts and that there shall be a district court of appeal (DCA) serving each district. There are five such districts that are headquartered in Tallahassee, Lakeland, Miami, West Palm Beach, and Daytona Beach.
DCA judges must meet the same eligibility requirements for appointment to office, and they are subject to the same procedures and conditions for discipline and removal from office, as Justices of the Supreme Court. Like Supreme Court Justices, district court judges also serve terms of six years and will be eligible for successive terms under a merit retention vote of the electors in their districts.
In each district court, a chief judge, who is selected by the district court judges within the district, is responsible for the administrative duties of the court.
The fundamental reasons for appeals from trial courts are to correct harmful errors by having review by a multi-judge panel of experienced judges and to promote clarity and consistency in the law by publishing opinions that set forth the relevant facts of the case and the proper application of the law to those facts.
The district courts of appeal can hear appeals from final judgments and can review certain non-final orders.
By general law, the district courts have been granted the power to review final actions taken by state agencies in carrying out the duties of the executive branch of government.
Finally, the district courts have been granted constitutional authority to issue the extraordinary writs of certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus, as well as all other writs necessary to the complete exercise of their jurisdiction.
As a general rule, decisions of the district courts of appeal represent the final appellate review of litigated cases. A person who is displeased with a district court's express decision may ask for review in the Florida Supreme Court and then in the United States Supreme Court, but neither tribunal is required to accept the case for further review. Most are denied.
Judicial Family Institute (JFI)
Judicial Family Institute (JFI)
The Judicial Family Institute is a subcommittee of the Conference of Chief Justices. It also works with the National Center for State Courts and is dedicated to providing information, support and education to judicial family members.


text: Check in from 24 hours in advance Video has no narration, no audio description Avoid crowds at the airport, check in your baggage and receive your boarding pass in advance of your flight at one of our city check-in facilities. This service is offered for a fee, payable by credit/debit card at the time of check-in. City check-in is available for all Etihad-operated flights, and partner airlines Alitalia, Air Serbia and Air Seychelles.Check-in from these locations is unavailable for the following guests:Guests travelling on direct flights to the USA from Abu Dhabi Guests with reduced mobility (wheelchair assistance)Unaccompanied MinorsGuests travelling on waitlisted or standby tickets Web and mobile check-in Smarter and fasterCheck in online now ►


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Late Medieval English Scribes is an online catalogue of all scribal hands (identified or unidentified) which appear in the manuscripts of the English writings of five major Middle English authors: Geoffrey Chaucer, John Gower, John Trevisa, William Langland and Thomas Hoccleve.
It is based on a database containing 419 manuscript descriptions, 524 scribal profiles, 16991 images of letter forms, 436 images of manuscript pages
Citation: Mooney, Linne, Simon Horobin, and Estelle Stubbs. Late Medieval English Scribes <http://www.medievalscribes.com>, ISBN 978-0-9557876-6-9, [today's date].
- Languages: Middle English
- Countries: United Kingdom
- Dates: 1350-1500
- Names: Geoffrey Chaucer, John Gower, John Trevisa, William Langland, Thomas Hoccleve
- Disciplines: palaeography, litterature, codicology
- Linne Mooney
- Simon Horobin
- Estelle Stubbs
- Contact
Suggestions for corrections to the website should be sent to firstname.lastname@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com with the email heading 'Scribes'.


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Developer's Guide for Oracle WebCenter Portal
11g Release 1 (184.108.40.206.0)
December 2012
Oracle Fusion Middleware Developer's Guide for Oracle WebCenter Portal, 11g Release 1 (184.108.40.206.0)
Copyright © 2007, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Primary Author: William Witman
Contributing Authors: Ingrid Snedecor, Jennifer Shipman, Joan Carter, Lalithashree Rajesh, Michele Cyran, Peter Jacobsen, Promila Chitkara, Rosie Harvey, Sarah Bernau, Savita Thakur, Sue Highmoor, Tom Maremaa
Contributor: Randy Akl, Maheswaran Anantharaman, Sivakumar Balagopalan, Rahmathulla Baig, Ravishankar Belavadi, Chris Broadbent, Steve Burns, Chris Carter, Chung Cheng, Demetris Christou, Vicki Chun, Ross Clewley, Manish Devgan, Marcus Diaz, Sumit Dubey, Frans Effendi, Paul Encarnacion, Gaurav Mittal, Jeni Ferns, Robin Fisher, Michael Freedman, Nick Greenhalgh, Christian Hauser, Harsha Huddar, Hsing Huang, Clayton Jung, Medini Kakade, Hrishikesh Karambelkar, Seshan Kennan, Sanjay Khanna, Vasant Kumar, Paul Lin, Yueh-Hong Lin, Alison Macmillan, George Maggessy, Pankaj Mittal, Dan Mullen, Lei Oh, Nicolas Pombourcq, Prabhakar Munnangi Reddy, Puvanenthiran Subbaraj, Rajesh Ramachandran, Sripathy Rao, Shubha Rangarajan, Shakeb Sagheer, Raghu Sampathkrishna, Andrew Sefkow, Jennifer Shu, Ved Singh, Vidhya Sundaram, Paul Spencer, Stephen Thornhill, Deepthi Umakanth, Kundan Vyas, Alistair Wilson, Stewart Wilson, Hui Zeng, Brad Posner, Steve Roth, Greg Smith, Tanya Saarva, Chris Bales, Ray Polk, Jeff Mueller, Pankash Kapasi, Sameer Sawant, Ken Young, Leevar Williams, Arun Tharakkal, Don Hayler, Cindy McMullen, Phil Griffin, Tom Porcaro, Dawn Tyler, Jordan Douglas
This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited.
The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing.
If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable:
U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data delivered to U.S. Government customers are "commercial computer software" or "commercial technical data" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, the use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation shall be subject to the restrictions and license terms set forth in the applicable Government contract, and, to the extent applicable by the terms of the Government contract, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software License (December 2007). Oracle America, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065.
This software or hardware is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications. It is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications that may create a risk of personal injury. If you use this software or hardware in dangerous applications, then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure its safe use. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates disclaim any liability for any damages caused by use of this software or hardware in dangerous applications.
Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Intel and Intel Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. AMD, Opteron, the AMD logo, and the AMD Opteron logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group.
This software and documentation may provide access to or information on content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates are not responsible for and expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party content, products, or services.


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A iconic Tottenham retro football shirt as this was worn when it was Keith Burkinshaw's last season as Manager, 1983-84, that finished on a high as Spurs won their second UEFA Cup. This classic shirt features the "Holsten" sponsorship logo on the chest in navy against the whit body colour.
Crafted from 100% polyester.
80s Casual Classics very own in house designs referencing and inspired by all things casual including music, film and television. We have a must have range of graphic t shirts to suit online across many different colours and styles.
Our standard delivery cost to Germany is £7.95 and deliveries take 3-5 working days to arrive. Orders placed on Monday-Friday before 15:30 will be dispatched from our warehouse the same day. Orders placed after this cut-off point will be dispatched on the following working day. Any orders placed after 15:30 on Friday or on Saturday or Sunday will be dispatched on Monday. We estimate that deliveries take 3-5 working days via UPS. You will be emailed a tracking number on the date of dispatch. A delivery will be attempted by the courier however if you are not present to receive this parcel, it will then be delivered to your local UPS pick-up point for you to collect.
When will you be charged?
Your card will be debited as soon as you place the order. Should for any reason we are unable to supply any item we will first call to see whether or not you would like an alternative or offer a full refund to your debit/credit card.
Your delivery address must be the same as on the credit card statement for the first order. Once this address is verified an alternative delivery address may be added i.e. place of work.
Your card will be debited as soon as you place the order. Should for any reason we are unable to supply any item we will first call to see whether or not you would like an alternative or offer a full refund to your debit/credit card.
Customers must return any unwanted goods within 14 working days from the day they are received. Please include a copy of the invoice in with your items so we know who they have come from. The returning goods should be posted via a recorded delivery with the buyer retaining any receipts in case the parcel should become lost in transit.
If you require an alternate size you can request an exchange by listing the size you wish to have sent back out, however we would alternatively recommend reordering and returning the item for a refund as we cannot guarantee that the required size will be in stock at the time that the returning parcel arrives back with us. Any order returned for an exchange will be refunded if we do not have the requested item in stock.
Please ensure when returning items in boxes such as trainers that the boxes are not cello taped as this causes damage to them. We require all returned items to be sent back in the condition that they were sent with tags attached and boxes intact.
*If you wish to return underwear please ensure they are folded back up neatly into the packaging and do not remove the original wrapping for hygiene reasons. *
*If you wish to return your goods please send them back to 80s Casual Classics, Unit 2 Triumph Way, Woburn Road Industrial Estate, Kempston, Bedford, MK42 7QB. *
We do not refund returns postage costs unless the items received were faulty in the first place or an order was sent out incorrectly by 80s Casual Classics.


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861 Rock Mesa Point Castle Rock, CO 80108
Posted by REcolorado (Denver)
The content relating to real estate for sale in this Web site comes in part from the Internet Data eXchange ('IDX') program of RECOLORADO Inc. held by brokers other than RE/MAX Masters Millennium Inc. are marked with the IDX Logo. This information is being provided for the consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any other purpose. All information subject to change and should be independently verified.
Share this Property
- Updated
- 07-01-2017 04:38pm
- 7368172
- Location
- Castle Rock, CO 80108
- Price
- $337,000
- Type
- Attached Single Family
- Status
- Sold
- Year Built
- 2006
- Sqft
- 1742
- Bedrooms
- 2
- Bathrooms
- 3
- Vehicle spaces
- 2
- Parking Count
- 1
Welcome to your amazing new townhouse in the Latigo development of Metzler Ranch. This beautiful 2 bed/3 bath townhouse features hardwood floors throughout. You will sense the owner's pride upon entry, no detail has been spared when it comes to design. There is crown moulding on the kitchen cabinets, granite counter tops, an amazing backsplash, and a cozy gas fireplace in the dining and living room area. The basement is finished and the A/C unit was recently installed. This townhouse is centrally located in Castle Rock, close to the Outlets, dining, and shopping galore. It's just a short walk to local shopping and restaraunts. Step outside and enjoy miles of HOA owned hiking and bike trails with magnificent views of the mountains! Don't miss out on this opportunity to call this amazing home yours!
Load & Tax Information
Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning
- Air Conditioning-Central
- Forced Air
- Gas
Fireplaces Location & Features
- Dining Room
- Living Room
- Gas/Gas Logs
Interior Features
- Cable Available
- Double Pane Windows
- Kitchen Island
- Master Suite
- Smoke Free
- Walk-in Closets
- Dishwasher
- Microwave Oven
- Stove/Range/Oven
- Carpet
- Wood Floors
Walk Score
Similar Listings (1)
1079 Purple Sky Way
Castle Rock, Co 80108
$ 355,000
Contact me about this property
Doug James
6020 Greenwood Plaza Blvd
Greenwood Village, CO 80111, USA
- (303) 771-9400
- (303) 550-3684
- Zip Code: 80104 80108 80109
- Invitation Code: homes4u
- firstname.lastname@example.com
- https://dougjamesrealtor.com


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Alumni Spotlight: Stacey Nathan, MPS in Global Fashion Management '12
You've led a successful career working at Goldman Sachs, Ralph Lauren, and now at Tiffany & Co. as Merchandising Manager. What stirred your interest in working in the international market? When I was an undergrad studying Finance and International Studies at … Continue reading


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Can Accenture Earnings Crush IBM and Hewlett-Packard?
Accenture will release its quarterly report on Thursday, and investors haven't been all that certain about the consulting firm's ability to sustain its strong growth. As competition from IBM , Hewlett-Packard , and other tech consultants poses an ongoing threat to Accenture's business, the company also has to deal with changing trends within the industry that will force it to keep shifting gears in order to keep up.
Accenture has a strong reputation for excellence in providing consulting services that help its customers make better use of technology. Yet Accenture has proven to be just as vulnerable as IBM and HP to trends toward less IT spending. Despite some signs that customers have shown increased demand for IT products and services, Accenture still needs to make sure it makes the most of any available business opportunity. Let's take an early look at what's been happening with Accenture over the past quarter, and what we're likely to see in its report.
Stats on Accenture
Analyst EPS Estimate
Change From Year-Ago EPS
Revenue Estimate
$7.25 billion
Change From Year-Ago Revenue
Earnings Beats in Past 4 Quarters
Source: Yahoo! Finance.
Can Accenture earnings accelerate higher?
In recent months, analysts have cut their views on Accenture earnings, reducing November-quarter estimates by $0.03 per share, and reducing their projections for the 2014 and 2015 fiscal years, as well. The stock hasn't gone anywhere, falling 2% since mid-September.
Accenture didn't reassure investors with its August-quarter report, despite closing its fiscal year with record levels for revenue, earnings per share, operating margins, and new bookings. Accenture's guidance for the 2014 fiscal year raised concerns among investors, with earnings projections coming in below expectations, and sluggish revenue growth pointing toward ongoing challenges for the industry. Even a 15% dividend increase didn't keep shares from dropping after the report, with the results having confirmed some of the same trends that IBM and Hewlett-Packard had seen recently.
But Accenture has been aggressive about taking action to try to grow its business. In October, it agreed to buy the Procurian unit of ICG Group for $375 million, helping Accenture improve its stature in procurement consulting. The move makes sense for ICG as it aims to position itself as a cloud-consulting specialist, but it should also bolster Accenture's reputation for being a one-stop shop for general consulting services. That also goes with Accenture's completed takeover of product-lifecycle-management software consultant PRION Group, which will let Accenture reach out to customers in various manufacturing subsectors, both within and beyond technology, to help them improve their production processes.
The reason why it's so important for Accenture to widen its grasp across various customer groups is that, once a company signs on as a customer, it's likely to stay with Accenture for the long run. Accenture sports a solid retention rate, with 92 of its top 100 customers having been using the company for 10 years or more. Moreover, the stature of those clients makes it easier for Accenture to win new business by pointing to its past successes. It also makes it tougher for Hewlett-Packard and other new entrants to break into those client relationships, allowing Accenture to focus on main rival IBM, and getting IBM's customers to come to its side.
In the Accenture earnings report, watch to see where the company next plans to deploy its substantial free cash flow. Even if the industry's activity level remains weak for a while, it could actually prove to be a solid opportunity for Accenture to make business-enhancing strategic moves that could foster faster growth, helping it stay ahead of IBM and HP well into the future.
Another reason to like Accenture
Why do income investors like Accenture and its 2.5% yield? Because dividend stocks can make you rich. It's as simple as that. With this in mind, our analysts sat down to identify the absolute best of the best when it comes to rock-solid dividend stocks, drawing up a list in this free report of nine that fit the bill. To discover the identities of these companies before the rest of the market catches on, you can download this valuable free report by simply clicking here now.
Click here to add Accenture to My Watchlist, which can find all of our Foolish analysis on it and all your other stocks.
The article Can Accenture Earnings Crush IBM and Hewlett-Packard? originally appeared on Fool.com.Fool contributor Dan Caplinger has no position in any stocks mentioned. You can follow him on Twitter @DanCaplinger. The Motley Fool recommends Accenture. The Motley Fool owns shares of IBM. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
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