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by Brian DeCandia, sports information graduate assistant
AUGUSTA, Ga. – The No. 15 Georgia College men's tennis team (14-8) lost a tough match Friday night in the opening round of the Peach Belt Conference (PBC) Tournament against the No. 12 Flagler College Saints (11-6), 5-3.
The Bobcats were down 3-0 after doubles a week ago to the Saints but turned things around Friday going up 2-1. Johan Wadstein (Helsingborg, Sweden) and Jerome Leborgne (Coordimanche, France) played out of the No. 1 spot for the 'Cats downing David Cotrone and Gino Ramirez, 8-2. Leborgne and Wadstein improve to 14-7 on the season.
Leo Bernardes (Sao Paulo, Brazil) and Tyler Franks (Greensboro, Ga.) dropped their match 8-4 as they couldn't sneak past Uriel Oquendo and Harry Snoxell.
In third doubles action, Tobias Rausch (Mannheim, Germany) and Robert Angelucci (Acworth, Ga.) slipped past Peter Coulis and Adam Hunt, 8-6. The Bobcat duo is now 13-8 on the year.
Leborgne lost a heartbreaker to No. 3 Cotrone after winning the first set, 4-6, 6-2, 6-1. Wadstein also dropped his match in a three set marathon to Coulis, 6-2, 2-6, 6-2.
In fourth singles, Bernardes downed Snoxell, 6-3, 6-4, boosting Bernardes' record to 13-7. Franks lost his bout in straight sets to Hunt, 6-3, 6-3. Wictor Andersson's (Karlskoga, Sweden) match took three full sets and a tie-breaker to decide but GC eventually dropped the match to Oquendo that clinched it for the Saints 6-4, 5-7, 7-6 (7-5).
The PBC Tournament has come to an end for the Bobcats as they now await a potential at-large bid for the NCAA Regional Tournament.
The Georgia College Department of Athletics, back-to-back winners of the PBC Commissioner's Cup, sponsors 10 varsity athletic programs at the NCAA Division II level. As a Division II program, Bobcat Athletics prides itself on balancing the life of the student-athlete, evidenced by the teams' multiple appearances in post-season competition as well as documented academic success and community-service involvement. Sign up at www.twitter.com/BobcatSports and www.facebook.com/gcbobcats for up-to-the-minute reports, and visit www.GCBobcats.com for more information, and to nominate your favorite former Bobcats and Colonials to the GC Athletics Hall of Fame.


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Jul 11, 2014
From Staff Reports; Photos by Kayla Hoffmann, BSVC '15
The Ohio University Emeriti Association is a non-profit association consisting of faculty and administrative presidential appointees who have completed a period of meritorious service to the University, and have been awarded Emeritus or Emerita status by the Ohio University Board of Trustees.
The Executive Board is established annually and meets monthly to oversee this lively, social organization. The Emeriti Association sponsors several events each year and serves two local arts institutions. Volunteers also offer support at special University events and are active in fundraising that focuses on developing and sustaining the Emeriti Park on the Athens Campus.
The Association held their last monthly luncheon of the academic year in June, where Distinguished Service Awards were presented to members and friends.
See photos from the event…
The 2014-2015 Emeriti Association Board gather for its monthly meeting. Front row: Dru Riley Evarts, president; Joe Essman, webmaster; George Weckman, former president; Joanne Prisley, archivist/historian; Phyllis Field Baxter, co-volunteer chair; Sue Foster, co-volunteer chair; Doug Baxter, secretary. Second row: Luther Haseley, nominations chair; Alan Boyd, co-vice president and program chair; Anita James, communication chair; Ed Baum, treasurer; Don Jordan, co-vice president and program chair; Richard Dean, Emeriti Park chair; Margaret Thomas, membership chair; and Art Woolley, benefits chair.
Emeriti Association Treasurer, Ed Baum, presents Jean Drevenstedt with the Distinguished Service Award for her work on the Park Committee. Drevenstedt spent countless hours sifting through years of University Board of Trustees minutes to document the names of those who were awarded emeritus/a status, to justify the appropriateness of naming the park in their honor.
Edie Russ received the Distinguished Service Award, plus a Special Board Recognition, upon her retirement from an eight-year editorship of the Emeriti Association newsletter. The award was presented by Dru Riley Evarts, president of the Association.
Recipients of the Special Board Recognition were Ruth and Richard Nostrant, for combined 32 years of service to the Association, including terms on the Executive Board as treasurer, secretary and reservations clerks. The couple previously received the Distinguished Service Award in 2009. The award was presented by Dru Riley Evarts, president of the Association.
Janis Miller-Fox was awarded the Special Board Recognition of "friend" membership in the Emeriti Association for nine years of service as University liaison, during which she tracked the Association's funds that were handled by the Ohio University Foundation and expedited cooperative Emeriti-University projects. The award was presented by Dru Riley Evarts, president of the Association.

subset: commoncrawl


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How can water-related diseases be prevented during emergencies?
Q: How can water-related diseases be prevented during emergencies?
A: The three top priorities concerning drinking water and sanitation during an emergency situation are:
- ensuring the provision of enough safe water for drinking and for personal hygiene to the people affected by the crisis;
- ensuring that all people affected by the crisis have access to hygienic sanitation facilities;
- promoting good hygiene behaviours.
Following damage to existing sanitation systems or increased pressure due to large numbers of displaced or homeless people, effective and well-coordinated action by all those involved in the emergency response is critical.
The first priority is to provide a sufficient quantity of water, even if its safety cannot be guaranteed, and to protect water sources from contamination. A minimum of 15 litres per person per day should be provided as soon as possible. During emergencies, people may use untreated water for laundry or bathing. Water-quality improvements should be made over succeeding days or weeks as a matter of urgency.
Inadequate disposal of human excreta is a major health risk in emergency situations. It is essential to organize sanitation facilities immediately, such as designated defecation fields or collective trench latrines. Emergency facilities need to be progressively improved or replaced with simple pit latrines, ventilated improved pit latrines, or poor-flush latrines as the situation develops. All types of latrines need to be properly cleaned, disinfected and maintained.
The provision of drinking water and sanitation services in health facilities is a top priority. Safe drinking water, basic sanitation facilities and safe disposal of infectious wastes will prevent the spread of disease and improve health conditions.
In all cases, good hygiene practices are key to preventing disease transmission. Water should be provided in sufficient quantities to enable proper hygiene. Hands should be washed immediately after defecation, after handling babies' faeces, before preparing food and before eating.


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Event details
- April 22, 2019
- 7:30 pm
Experienced or amateur. Young or old. We can find a spot for you in the band. Join us for a rehearsal.
Enter through door 'O' on the west side of the school and take an immediate right into the band room.
Contact us with any questions.


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Five Tips to Enjoy your Skydive
You're ready for your first tandem skydive? Here are some tips to make the most of it.
Five Tips to Enjoy your Tandem Skydive
- RELAX! Although it isn't every day you jump out of a plane, it is for us. We have over 20 years of safe tandem skydiving and our staff are experts with thousands of jumps. Don't worry you are in great hands with our team. So breathe, relax, enjoy the magnificent views on your way up.
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- RELIVE! We'll edit your video just for you. Pick a style of music and make it your own. You'll be able to relive the experience over and over. The best way to capture the incredible scenery and a unique view from above our photo package is second to none. We highly recommend it.
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Article by
Skydive Abel Tasman
Experience the unforgettable thrill of a lifetime with New Zealand's most scenic skydive. Jump over breath-taking scenery, lush national parks, turquoise oceans, snow-capped mountains, golden beaches, vineyards and both islands.


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Hey Shannon,
4.0 player. I can play tonight if you're available. Let me know.
Hey Shannon,
I'm a 4.0 player and can play weeknights at Moscone around 8:00. Let me know if you want to hit sometime.
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Musician Dave Matthews hitched a lift with a fan to his show in Pennsylvania on Saturday after a tire on his bike was punctured.
The Dave Matthews Band front-man went out for a pre-show cycle before the gig at Hersheypark Stadium, but he was left stranded by the side of the road after the bike's back wheel deflated.
Concert-goer Emily Kraus and her boyfriend spotted the star and gave him a ride to the show. Matthews was so thankful he invited them to dinner and offered them front row seats.
Re-counting the story to fans at the concert, Matthews revealed, "I did not have a cell phone on the bicycle… and then a nice lady named Emily rode up in a red car with a bicycle rack on it and gave me a ride on to the gig."
In a post on CBS 21 News' Facebook.com page, Kraus adds, "My cheeks still hurt from smiling, giggling and laughing all night long… this will always be remembered."


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The Joseph Jefferson Awards Committee said Wednesday that it had omitted a category of nominees in its Tuesday announcement of the 2012 Joseph Jefferson Awards.
That didn't necessarily ring any alarm bells among recipients who just assumed that no nominations had been given.
Nonetheless, the Jeff Committee said, there are in fact two nominations for best director of a revue: Ryan Bernier, the director of "We're All in This Room Together" at the Second City e.t.c.
and Brenda Didier, the director of "Stephen Sondheim's Putting it Together" at Porchlight Music


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Apple Denies iCloud Breach
Tech Giant Says Celebrity Accounts Compromised by 'Very Targeted Attack'
One week before Apple Inc. plans to show off its new iPhone, the company is battling to preserve its reputation for protecting users, following the leak of nude photos of celebrities from its online services.
Apple on Tuesday denied that its online systems had been breached, deepening the mystery of how the private photos leaked onto the Internet. Apple said certain celebrity accounts were compromised by "a very targeted attack on user names, passwords and security questions."...


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Koers (Online) vol.80 no.1 Pretoria 2015
Between postmodernism, positivism and (new) atheism
Danie Strauss
School of Philosophy , North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus
The Renaissance introduced the autonomy of being human which in turn resulted in promoting the position of human understanding as the formal law-giver of nature. Twentieth century philosophy of science acknowledged the necessity of a theoretical frame of reference (paradigm) as well as ultimate (more-than-rational) commitments. Historicism and the linguistic turn, however, relativized the objectivity and neutrality of scientific reason (with its universality) and co-influenced the rise of postmodernism. After discussing the distinction between linear and nonlinear thinking it is shown that Derrida does accept universality outside the human mind. The denial of ontic universality influenced the nominalistic orientation of modern biology, particularly since Darwin's Origin of Species, consistently denying the reality of type laws. Under the spell of Leibniz's slogan that nature does not make leaps, as natural selection merely exemplifies the overriding law of continuity. Darwin was in two minds about accepting his biological idea of nonprogression and his socio-cultural conservatism in which progress was dominant. More recently new atheism divinized natural laws, identified them with human reason, while Hawking even claims that the law of gravity would create the universe out of nothing. Finally physicalism is subjected to immanent criticism, the pretence that mathematics is exact is questioned and some recent problems facing neo-Darwinism are highlighted.
Keywords: autonomy, law-giver, historicism, paradigm, ultimate commitment, atheism, epigenetic information, out of nowhere origination
Die Renaissance-waardering van die mense se outonomie het uitgeloop op die verheffing van die menslike verstand as die formele wetgewer van die natuur. Nogtans sou die wetenskapsfilosofie van die twintigste eeu erkenning verleen aan die noodsaaklikheid van 'n teoretiese verwysingsraamwerk (paradigma) en 'n diepste (meer-as-rasionele) grondoortuiging. Die historisme en die taalwending het die idee van 'n objektief-neutrale rede gerelativeer en bygedra tot die ontstaan van die postmodernisme. Na 'n bespreking van die onderskeiding tussen liniêre en nie- liniêre denke is aangetoon dat Derrida universaliteit buite die menslike gees erken. Die ontkenning van ontiese universaliteit het die nominalistiese oriëntasie van die moderne biologie, veral sedert Darwin se Origin of Species beïnvloed - wat konsekwent die realiteit van tipe-wette misken het. Betower deur die slagspreuk van Leibniz dat die natuur nie spronge maak nie sien Darwin natuurlike seleksie bloot as 'n beliggaming van die oorkoepelende wet van kontinuïteit. Darwin was in twee verdeel tussen sy biologies-non-progressionistiese benadering en sy sosiaal-kulturele konserwatisme waarin die idee van vooruitgang dominant was. Meer onlangs sou die nuwe ateïsme natuurwette goddelik ag en met die menslike rede vereenselwig, met Hawking wat selfs beweer dat die swaartekragwet uit niks die heelal sal skep. Ten slotte is die fisikalisme aan immanente kritiek onderwerp, is die aanspraak dat die wiskunde eksak is bevraagteken en is saaklik aandag geskenk aan enkele resente probleme waarmee die neo-Darwinisme worstel.
Sleutelwoorde: outonomie, wetgewer, historisme, paradigm, grondoortuiging, ateïsme, epigenetiese informasie, van nêrens af ontstaan
Since the Renaissance the deification of reason, already found in Greek culture, has experienced a new secularized revitalization. What it left behind is the Greek-Medieval realistic metaphysics which used the concept of being to generate a hierarchical view of reality. The human being is no longer understood as being part of an objective order of being. For Descartes even certainty about the existence of God is now obtained only on the basis of clear and distinct thinking. Von Weizsäcker points out that the world no longer guarantees my existence since the world now solely appears as the object of my self-assured thinking. In a subtle way this self-assured thinking is elevated to the rank of what is divine. Therefore it should not be surprising that the new motive of logical creation soon inspired Immanuel Kant to elevate human understanding to become the formal lawgiver of nature. More recently the desire to be liberated from "supra-natural" Gods led atheists (or rather: anti-theists) to the identification of God with the laws of nature, forgetting that Nietzsche already realized that laws are distinct from a Lawgiver. In support of the cause of atheism, Nietzsche therefore prefers not to speak of laws but rather of necessities (see Strauss, 2009:408). The fusion of human rationality and natural law culminates in Hawking's recent idea that the law of gravity on its own could well create the universe.
Kant's view of understanding as formal law-giver of nature consolidated the preceding natural science ideal of modern humanism and provided the platform for the ideal of an objective and neutral science advanced by positivism - from Auguste Comte up to the Vienna Circle. However, as one of the key figures in the mid-twentieth century philosophy of science, Karl Popper claimed the fame to have "killed" positivism (see Popper, 1974:69). Kuhn challenged the positivist appeal to "facts" (identified with sense data) for it turned out that the interpretation of facts is embedded in theoretical frameworks (designated as paradigms), captured in the slogan the facts are "theory-laden." In addition, prominent figures within the domain of the philosophy of science of the twentieth century acknowledged that scholarly activities are embedded in intellectual communities and in the final analysis directed by more-than-theoretical (i.e. supra-theoretical) commitments, as emphasized by Popper and Stegmüller. Karl Popper stated that the faith in the rationality of reason is not itself rational - he speaks about "an irrational faith in reason" (Popper, 1966-II:231). Stegmüller holds the view that there is not a single area in which self-assured of human thinking is possible - one already has to believe in something, in order to justify something else (Stegmüller, 1969:314)
Yet, in spite of all these developments, most special scientists working within the natural sciences and the humanities are still victims of a kind of "naïve positivism", still adhering to the modernist idea of the objectivity and neutrality of science. The remarkable exception in this regard is the well-known neo-Darwinian biologist Stephen Gould (initial field: palaeontology) who updated himself with what happened in the philosophy of science of the previous century. He remarks: "Facts have no independent existence in science, or in any human endeavor; theories grant differing weights, values, and descriptions, even to the most empirical and undeniable of observations" (Gould 2002:762).
If the deified human understanding assumed the role of judge, even regarding the existence of God, then the authority assigned to it not only gives it the power to decide what will count as divine, but also endows it with the power to deny any divinity whatsoever - the ultimate position of contemporary atheism. Many of these atheists justified their stance with reference to atrocities committed in the name of "religion" (such as 9/11). Already during the Enlightenment Kant advocated an elevated position for human reason:
Our age is, in every sense of the word, the age of criticism and everything must submit to it. Religion, on the strength of its sanctity, and law on the strength of its majesty, try to withdraw themselves from it; but by doing so they arouse just suspicions, and cannot claim that sincere respect which reason pays to those only who have been able to stand its free and open examination (Kant, 1781:A-12 -translation F.M. Müller - see Müller, 1961:21).
Of course closer scrutiny soon reveals that neither the (persistent) positivism nor the new atheism represents a sound position. In particular the pervasive influence of historicism during the nineteenth and early twentieth century relativized the certainties of modernity. In the "linguistic turn" historicism found a strong ally, for with language as horizon alternative interpretations surfaced prominently.
As noted briefly above, these lines of thought served as points of departure for developments within the philosophy of science of the twentieth century. It appeared to be inevitable to use theoretical frameworks (paradigms) which themselves are in the grip of ultimate commitments. Interestingly these developments within twentieth century philosophy of science were anticipated by Dooyeweerd. It prompted Van Peursen to say that Dooyeweerd's philosophy is today more relevant than ever and he added the remark that many books written within the domain of philosophy of science should not have been written, had the authors first read what Dooyeweerd had written (see Van Peursen 1995).
The combined effect of historical relativity and alternative interpretations in turn gave rise to postmodernism according to which every so-called meta-narrative is questioned, owing to the fact that everyone of us only disposes over our own particular stories. The new kind of knowledge emerging within the postmodern mode of thought apparently challenged long- standing conceptions. Amidst the introduction of themes and entities, such as fractals (somewhere in between one and two dimensions) and chaos theory, it is claimed that modernist thinking is linear and postmodern thinking is non-linear. Lyotard mentions "incommensurabilities" and the fact that "the continuous differentiable function is losing its preeminence as a paradigm of knowledge and prediction" and then continues: "Postmodern science - by concerning itself with such things as undecidables, the limits of precise control, conflicts characterized by incomplete information, 'fracta,' catastrophes, and pragmatic paradoxes - is theorizing its own evolution as discontinuous, catastrophic, nonrectifiable, and paradoxical" (Lyotard, 1987:60).
Without properly specifying in which sense they speak of linear thinking postmodern thinkers pursue the ideal of non-linear thinking. Mathematicians speak of linear equations when, for example, there are two variables that are related in a specific way. Co-ordinate geometry says that points whose co-ordinates satisfy an equation of the first degree, such as y = ax + b (with a and b as constants), are lying on a straight line. An equation such as y = x2 is therefore non-linear. Postmodern authors want to distance themselves from the rationalistic trait of "modern science" with its reductionism and faith in numbers. In opposition to this "out-dated" mode of thinking such postmodern thinkers advocate a non-linear mode of thinking, apparently built upon a methodology of intuition and of subjective observation, exceeding human rationality. Sokal and Bricmont mention the words of a postmodern thinker, Robert Markley, who claims that "quantum physics, the bootstrap theory, the theory of complex numbers, and chaos theory share the basic assumption that reality cannot be described in linear concepts, that non-linear - and non-solvable - equations provide the only possible means to describe a complex, chaotic and non-deterministic reality" (Sokal & Bricmont 1999:166, note 26).
On the same page they highlight the fact that many postmodern authors interpret chaos theory as a revolution directed against Newton's mechanics, with quantum theory as an example of non-linear thinking. Unfortunately Newton's "linear thinking" contains equations which are fully non-linear. In reality many examples of chaos theory derive from Newton's mechanics, which means that chaos research is in fact nothing but a Renaissance of Newton's mechanics. Even more embarrassing is the fact that while quantum physics is currently represented as a prime example of "postmodern science," it is not realized that the basic equation of quantum physics, the well-known Schrödinger equation, is absolutely linear (Sokal & Bricmont 1999:166-167). Moreover, there are very difficult linear problems and quite simple non-linear problems. Contrary to a widespread misunderstanding a non-linear system is not necessarily chaotic.
Postmodern thinkers tend to shy away from universality by emphasizing what is particular or singular. Caputo mentioned to Derrida that in connection with justice and care in Derrida's writings he discerns a resonation of the biblical concern for singularity. This is opposed to the "philosophical notion where justice is defined in terms of universality" (Derrida 997:20). Remarkably Derrida's reaction was immediately to emphasize the unbreakable co-existence of universality and singularity: "I would not oppose, as you did, universality and singularity. I would try to keep the two together" (Derrida 1997:22). According to Derrida faith is universal, it displays a universal structure and for this reason it should be distinguished from "religion." Actually, for him there is "no such thing as 'religion'." There are only singular religions, such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam and so on. This distinction between (universal) faith and (particular) religions runs parallel with his distinction between messianicity and messianism (Derrida 1997:21) and it explains his mode of speech where he declares: "So this faith is not religious, strictly speaking; at least it cannot be totally determined by a given religion. That is why this faith is absolutely universal. This attention to what is the singularity is not opposed to universality" (Derrida 1997:22).
Derrida here undoubtedly explores the ontic universality of "faith," of "messianicity" and so on - which disqualifies him, strictly speaking, from being a postmodernist thinker, for postmodernism generally attempts to shy away from universality. Since the era of Enlightenment the trust in universal (conceptual) knowledge guided the idea of rational progress. One way to define rationalism is actually to see it as a reification of conceptual knowledge. Likewise, irrationalism can then be defined as a deification of concept-transcending knowledge (idea-knowledge), focused on what is unique, individual or singular.
The decisive role played by nominalism in modern philosophy since the Renaissance is seen in its denial of universality outside the human mind: universality is only and solely acknowledged within the human "mind". That we actually have to account for two kinds of universality is often concealed behind interchangeably employing expressions such as law, law for, order for, orderliness of, lawfulness of, law-conformity, regularities and so on. Whatever meets the order for its existence behaves in an orderly fashion, manifested in its own orderliness or law-conformity. An order for and the orderliness of is equivalent to the conditions for the existence of something and meeting those conditions. In general there is a strict correlation between law and what is factually subjected to it. But when reality (the ontic) is stripped of its universality, then it is at once deprived of its order for side as well as the orderliness of reality conforming to this order. What is lost sight of is the fact that denying universality "outside the human mind" did not succeed in getting rid of universality because the feature of being individual universally holds for whatever is individual.
In spite of his sharp critical analysis of the ideas of Hawking, John Lennox still does not properly distinguish between law and regularity: "Newton's laws describe the regularities, the pattern, to which motion in the universe conforms under certain initial conditions. It was God, however, and not Newton who created the universe with those regularities and patterns" (Lennox 2011a:35). Law-conformity is a feature of what is subjected to laws and the only way to understand physical laws is to study the regularities evinced in their behaviour. It would therefore be better to say that Newton's laws are human formulations of the God-given laws for nature, making possible all the regularities we can observe and describe. God did not create the regularities, for what has been created function in an orderly way, providing scholars with those regularities pointing at the God-given creational laws.
This entails that we have to acknowledge the universality of different types of entities, because our experience is not populated by just one kind of entity, whatever it may be. No one would defend the view that everything is an x - where x could be filled in by: "a quark", "an atom", "a cell" or whatever. The diversity of entities within the horizon of human experience straightforwardly necessitates the acknowledgement of a multiplicity of types or kinds. The ontic reality is that the correlation between law and factuality cannot avoid the idea of type-laws. Yet since the dominant nominalistic assumption of modern philosophy denies universality outside the human mind, the entire system of biological classification is reduced to a functionalistic (physicalistic) perspective. Simpson categorically states that organisms are not types and do not have types (Simpson 1969:8-9). This view continues the conviction of Darwin that "no line of demarcation can be drawn between species" (Darwin 1859:443) which entails that according to Darwin "we shall have to treat species in the same manner as those naturalists treat genera, who admit that genera are merely artificial combinations made for convenience" (Darwin 1859:456).
The discreteness (discontinuities) marking the currently existing diversity of plants and animals as well as the dominant theme of palaeontology (stasis/constancy: a type abruptly appears, remains constant over millions of years and then suddenly disappears) squarely contradicts Darwin's core scientific belief that there must have been an infinitesimal, incremental and continuous development stretched over millions of years. A contemporary neo-Darwinist, Jerry Coyne, openly struggles with the tension between discreteness and continuity. He advances the view that species are discrete clusters of living entities: "And at first sight, their existence looks like a problem for evolutionary theory. Evolution is, after all, a continuous process, so how can it produce groups of animals and plants that are discrete and discontinuous, separated from others by gaps in appearance and behavior?" (Coyne 2009:184). He also designates a species as "a discrete cluster of sexually reproducing organisms" and then on the same page he continues in a realistic fashion by maintaining that the discontinuities of nature are "not arbitrary, but an objective fact" (Coyne 2009:184). Whereas Darwin therefore advocated a nominalistic position regarding living entities, Coyne reverts to a realistic idea of living entities.
Within modern philosophy the emphasis soon shifted to functional relations which, particularly in the thought of Leibniz, resulted in his famous lex continui (law of continuity) according to which nature does not make any leaps (natura non facit saltus). Dooyeweerd characterized this view as the continuity postulate of humanistic philosophy and Gould argues that this postulate assumed in Darwin's thought even a more central position than natural selection. He calls upon the physicist and historian of science, Silvan S. Scheber when he claims: "In fact, I would advance the even stronger claim that the theory of natural selection is, in essence, Adam Smith's economics transferred to nature" (Gould 2002:122). And gradualism precedes in importance natural selection. Gould relates Darwin's position here to a confusion of the different senses of gradualism, for example the validity of natural selection and the acceptance of slow and continuous flux: "This conflation came easily (and probably unconsciously) to Darwin, in large part because gradualism stood prior to natural selection in the core of his beliefs about the nature of things. Natural selection exemplified gradualism, not vice versa - and the various forms of gradualism converged to a single, coordinated view of life that extended its compass far beyond natural selection and even evolution itself" (Gould 2002:154-155).
Yet in spite of his achievements as a radical intellectual, advocating a theory without any claims to progress, Gould notes that Darwin considered it as his greatest failure that he did not succeed in reconciling his intellectual rejection of progress with his acceptance of a cultural context in which progress was one of the characteristics of the Victorian culture to which he belonged (see Gould 2002:467). Darwin holds that his greatest improvement compared to other evolutionary theories is given in banishing inherent progress. Gould writes: "Moreover, Darwin regarded the banishment of inherent progress as perhaps his greatest conceptual advance over previous evolutionary theories." And to this he adds the words of Darwin, formulated in reaction to the progressionist palaeontologist Alpheus Hyatt (on December 4, 1872): "After long reflection I cannot avoid the conviction that no innate tendency to progressive development exists" (Gould 2002:468). Ironically, close to the end of The Origin of Species, we read: "And as natural selection works solely by and for the good of each being, all corporeal and mental endowments will tend to progress towards perfection" (Darwin 1859:459). Since Aristotle vitalistic theories in biology assumed that goal-directedness (finality/purpose) is inherent to living entities, something rejected by Darwin in the words just quoted. Theistic evolutionists of our day deem it possible to accept Darwin's views (on random variation and natural selection) and at the same time advance the (contradictory) view that God guided the process of evolution all the way.
Sometimes emergent-evolutionism, which wants to have it both ways - continuity in descent and discontinuity in existence - also surfaces in the thought of theistic evolutionists. The theologian Wentzel Van Huyssteen on the one hand holds that our universe and "all it contains is in principle explicable by the natural sciences" (Van Huyssteen, 1998:75). But a bit further in this work he alleges the opposite when he warns that we should not overextend rationality "to explain everything in our world in the name of natural science" (Van Huyssteen 1998:115). Later on he believes that cultural evolution (including the evolution of ideas, scientific theories, and religious worldviews) cannot be reduced to biological evolution (Van Huyssteen 2006:86-87). On the basis of his emergent-evolutionistic view Klapwijk also attempts to combine neo-Darwinian chance with purpose (see Klapwijk 2008 and 2009).
Gould explains that within the fossil record there is no clear signal of progress:
I believe that the most knowledgeable students of life's history have always sensed the failure of the fossil record to supply the most desired ingredient of Western comfort: a clear signal of progress measured as some form of steadily increasing complexity for life as a whole through time. The basic evidence cannot support such a view, for simple forms still predominate in most environments, as they always have. Faced with this undeniable fact, supporters of progress (that is, nearly all of us throughout the history of evolutionary thought) have shifted criteria and ended up grasping at straws (Gould 1996:166-167).
The idea of type-laws, briefly alluded to above, containing an acknowledgement of different types of living entities constituted by a limited number of them falling within each "type-category," is eliminated in the nominalistic classification of neo-Darwinism with its claim that "organisms" are not types and do not have types (Simpson). The popular contemporary reference to "bio-diversity" is actually stripped of meaningful content, because if the classification of living entities is merely the result of arbitrary and artificial thought constructions, lacking an ontic foundation (in the reality "out there"), then the intended diversity (reflecting typical differences determined by distinct type-laws) collapses into a structureless continuum. The speculative continuity postulate still rules the day!
The denial of the specified universality entailed in type-laws finds its foundation in a more basic misunderstanding, which is given in denying the "ontic diversity" of functional (modal) aspects. It is the merit of reformational philosophy that it subjected the multiple functions or modal aspects of our experiential world to a transcendental-empirical analysis. The key idea is that the ontic universality of each one of these aspects, from the numerical up to the certitudinal aspect, codetermines whatever there is. Every concrete (natural and societal) entity functions within all these aspects which not only serve as modes of being and modes of experience but also as modes of explanation. When particular modes of explanation are over-emphasized at the cost of other modes of explanation - just recall the words of Van Huyssteen that our universe and all it contains "is in principle explicable by the natural sciences" - a reductionist approach surfaces, denying the ontic diversity of modal aspects.
The physicalistic or materialistic orientation of neo-Darwinism and of the new atheists has currently succeeded in establishing a firm hold on scholarly journals and the public media. Their ultimate reductionist claim is that "everything is material". Such a materialistic view in the final analysis believes, as Roy Clouser phrases it, "that reality is ultimately physical, so that everything is either matter or dependent upon matter". Clouser also mentions Paul Ziff who once remarked that he is not certain why he is a materialist: "It's not because of the arguments. I guess I'd just have to say that reality looks irresistibly physical to me" (Clouser 2005:38).
Apart from trying to give an answer to the difficult question: "What is matter?" the basic statement that everything is material is self-defeating. Merely contemplate the status of laws holding for material things. They are not themselves material, just as little as the conditions (laws) for being an atom is itself an atom. But if the conditions (laws) for being material are not themselves material, then the claim that everything is material does not hold, because the physical laws for matter are not material. In addition the statement that everything is material is presented as being true. But truth is a matter of epistemology and logic, not a physical one. Moreover, the statement is formulated in a sentence, showing that we have to distinguish between the logical-analytical aspect (the basic statement) and the lingual aspect of the utterance (the sentence formulated). That is to say, the basic conviction of physicalism (materialism) could be approximated from different modes of experience. However, as long as "laws of nature" are accepted, the atheist will constantly be haunted by the quest for the Creator of such laws, the search for the Law-Giver.
Therefore the last step in the attempt to get rid of the Creator is, as Lennox phrases it, to confer "creatorial powers on something that is not in itself capable of doing any creating" (Lennox 2011:52). This something may be scientific theories or even the laws addressed in such theories. According to Lennox for these scientists and philosophers "the term 'God' has become a synonym for the laws of nature" (Lennox 2011a:22). In order to get rid of God Stephen Hawking settled for the law of gravity as the substitute ultimate origin of the universe. In his book, The Grand Design (co-author is the physicist Leonard Mlodinow) we read:
Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing. Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the universe exists, why we exist.
The law of gravity now replaces God - forgetting that it is merely a God-given creational law. Hawking also forgets that every physical law is always related to what is subjected to it and correlated with it. Lennox aptly remarks that laws create nothing in any world for they can only "act on something that is already there" (Lennox 2011:71). Ironically enough, no single physical law could be explained in a purely physical way because the physical aspect of reality does not exist in isolation from the other aspects of reality. Newton's formulation of the law of gravitation contains the term force (F), the gravitational constant (G), two mass-points (m1 an m2), and the distance between m1 and m2 (r). The gravitational force between m1 and m2 is directly proportional to the product of their masses and indirectly proportional to the square of the distance between them. But mass is a physical quantity (highlighting the fundamental connection between the physical aspect and the numerical aspect). Distance, in turn, pre-supposes the meaning of (physical) space, whereas the idea of a constant reveals the coherence between the meaning of the physical aspect and a uniform [constant] motion. From this it appears that the formulation of the law of gravitation is made possible in the first place by the coherence of the physical aspect with three foundational non-physical aspects (namely number, space, and movement). These non-physical aspects serve as the foundation for the meaning of the physical aspect. Formulated in terms of the theory of modal aspects, the law of energy-constancy, for example, analogically reflects the kinematic meaning of constancy on the law-side of the physical aspect.
Given these conditions and interconnectedness one may well ask: how could these non-physical aspects (and, for that matter, the universe itself) then merely emerge from the physical aspect of creation or originate from a physical law? Hawking attempts to pull himself up with the bag in which he positioned himself -something clearly seen by Lennox. Of course the law of gravity is something implying that if the universe is created by this law the starting-point is something (the law of gravity) and not "nothing." The statement "the universe can and will create itself from nothing" is self-contradictory: "If I say 'X creates Y', this presupposes the existence of X" (Lennox 2011a:32). Materialism simply entangles itself in unsolvable antinomies -the "reward" for not respecting the God-given creational laws in their uniqueness and unbreakable coherence distinguishing between God and God's law.
The only way in which we can approximate the laws for physical entities is through an investigation of their orderliness, law-conformity or regularities. The above-mentioned example used by Derrida concerning the universal structure of faith (messianicity) and particular ("singular") religions, implicitly alludes to the universality of the certitudinal aspect of reality. Particularly in respect of the conviction (!) of the new atheists that they do not have faith at all, the modal universality of the faith aspect implies the opposite. But we have noticed that if one does not accept God as Creator, the only alternative is to find a substitute within creation - and in the case of contemporary atheism this substitute for God is most of the time found in matter. The ultimate commitment of the new Atheists is therefore justly characterized as materialistic or physicalistic - and it is inevitably caught up in the above-mentioned inconsistencies.
Materialism over-emphasizes a single mode of explanation, namely the physical. However, such an orientation embodies a more-than-theoretical commitment - just recall the remark of Paul Ziff who said "that reality looks irresistibly physical to" him. No reason is given, just an underlying trust in (physical) reason! It represents therefore a particular faith in reason, namely the trust in the rational reliability of physical reasoning. The onto-diversity of modal aspects is challenged from the outset.
From this state of affairs we can conclude that "faith" ("trust") inherently belongs to the practice of the natural sciences. What is more is that "rationality" (or: "reason") is connected to faith in the sense of intellectual trust. Yet in the course of the historical development of Western philosophy "reason and faith" eventually appeared in opposition to each other, as if each on its own is an entity in its own right. Quite recently this is still done by Pope John Paul II in his Encyclical Letter Fides et Ratio (1998). In this letter he portrays both as entitylike, inter-dependent realities. He claims that faith does not fear reason but trust it: "Faith therefore has no fear of reason, but seeks it out and has trust in it" (John Paul 1998). Of course thinking ("reason") and believing ("faith") are concrete acts of human beings which, like every concrete (natural and social) structure or event, in principle function within all the aspects of reality. The latter, namely the dimension of aspects, provides a universal modal order co-determining concrete events and processes. In an ontic sense they lie at the foundation of our experience of entities and their functions. Therefore the first level of investigating the interconnections between "faith" and "reason" should commence with an analysis of the meaning of the logical-analytical aspect and the meaning of the certitudinal aspect, abstracting for the moment from the fact that every concrete act of faith at once functions in the logical-analytical aspect and that every concrete thought-act also functions within the faith aspect.
The terms trust or certainty may be used to capture the core meaning of the faith aspect. The inter-modal coherence between the various ontic aspects entails that the terms trust and certainty will also appear within other aspects in an analogical way, normally captured in compound phrases such as legal trust, social trust, moral trust and economic trust (credit). Given the order relation between the logical and certitudinal aspects an expression such as intellectual trust highlights a forward-pointing connection between the logical and faith aspects, in technical philosophical parlance also designated as a certitudinal anticipatory analogy between these two aspects. Likewise configurations such as legal trust, social trust, moral trust and economic trust reveal anticipations from the legal, social, modal and economic aspects to the faith aspect.
In the same way the faith aspect reveals its unique meaning only in coherence with all the other aspects of reality, including the logical-analytical aspect. The core meaning of the logical aspect is found in analysis (identification and distinguishing). When we therefore lack faith distinctions in our trusting and do not identify the core elements of our faith we will end up with a "blind faith". Therefore it should be acknowledged that there also exists an intrinsic connection between the faith aspect and the logical-analytical aspect, manifest in faith distinctions and identifying what is crucial to faith convictions.
"Reason" and "faith" surely are not "strangers" because human acts qualified either by the logical aspect or the certitudinal aspect structurally display an internal coherence with the nonqualifying aspects of acts like these.
In respect of the nature of intellectual trust this insight is acknowledged in his own way by the philosopher of science, Wolfgang Stegmüller, where he explains that one first has to believe in something in order to justify something else (Stegmüller 1969:314). Nonetheless an uncritical adherence to what we have earlier designated as a "naïve positivism" is still widespread. Special scientists and laymen think that the ultimate judge of truth is "science" - the assumed anonymous (rational) power supposedly capable of solving all our problems. The scope of "science" is restricted to mathematics, physics and (the physical or molecular foundations) of biology. This modernist over-estimation of "science" up to the present implicitly continues the modern natural science ideal of objectivity and neutrality.
In the case of positivism the criterion of sense perception matches the (internally antinomic) reductionism found in materialism because it cannot account for the epistemic status of descriptive terms derived from what we have called the onto-diversity of modal aspects. Once something has been observed (sensed) it is in need of a scientific description and every description has to employ specific terms. However, the history of the concept of matter shows that alternative modes of explanation have been chosen. It commenced with the Pythagorean belief that everything essentially is number, then it continues with the switch within Greek mathematics to geometry (after die discovery of incommensurability - the fact that it is not possible to describe all spatial relationships merely in terms of fractions), then, after the Renaissance, the choice for (reversible) motion as basic denominator, and finally reaching the current state of physics which had to acknowledge that (irreversible) energy-operation characterizes the uniqueness of this aspect.
Clearly, during the history of physics different modal ponts of entry were used in describing material entities, namely the numerical, the spatial, the kinematic and the physical. But since these functional modes of reality are not concrete entities or events themselves, they are not open to the senses as such. One cannot weigh, smell, hear, feel or see anyone of these aspects, simply because they are not belonging to the entitative dimensions of reality.
The classical positivist neutrality postulate had to face other objections as well. Perhaps the most important of these objections are related to the history of every academic discipline, which relativizes any temporarily (assumed) "up-to-date" theoretical stance. Whatever is currently appreciated as the "generally accepted" standpoint within the discipline differs from what the case fifty, hundred or more years ago was, apart from the fact that the majority is not a yardstick for truth (as correctly identified in text books on logic where one of the informal fallacies is designated as the majority fallacy; see Bowell and Kemp, 2005:131 ff.). And within the forthcoming decades and millennia the emphasis may shift again and again.
This explains why not even the "exact" discipline of mathematics succeeded in avoiding concurrent and successive alternative theoretical stances. The remarkable historical fact is that the three main sub-divisions of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (1781) provided the starting-point for the three main schools of thought found in twentieth-century mathematics: intuitionistic mathematics explored the transcendental aesthetics (Brouwer & Weyl), logicism, the transcendental analytic (Russell & Gödel) and axiomatic formalism, the transcendental dialectics (Hilbert & his followers).
Regarding the mathematical status of intuitionism Beth writes: "It is clear that intuitionistic mathematics is not merely that part of classical mathematics which would remain if one removed certain methods not acceptable to the intuitionists. On the contrary, intuitionistic mathematics replaces the methods by other ones that lead to results which find no counterpart in classical mathematics" (Beth 1965:89). But listen to what Brouwer himself has to say. He believes that "classical analysis ... has less mathematical truth than intuitionistic analysis" (Brouwer 1964:78) - to which he adds in respect of the differences between intuitionism and formalism:
As a matter of course also the languages of the two mathematical schools diverge. And even in those mathematical theories which are covered by a neutral language, i.e. by a language understandable on both sides, either school operates with mathematical entities not recognized by the other one: there are intuitionist structures which cannot be fitted into any classical logical frame, and there are classical arguments not applying to any introspective image. Likewise, in the theories mentioned, mathematical entities recognized by both parties on each side are found satisfying theorems which for the other school are either false, or senseless, or even in a way contradictory. In particular, theorems holding in intuitionism, but not in classical mathematics, often originate from the circumstance that for mathematical entities belonging to a certain species, the possession of a certain property imposes a special character on their way of development from the basic intuition, and that from this special character of their way of development from the basic intuition, properties ensue which for classical mathematics are false. A striking example is the intuitionist theorem that a full function of the unity continuum, i.e. a function assigning a real number to every non-negative real number not exceeding unity, is necessarily uniformly continuous (Brouwer 1964:79).
Beth elaborates this divergence in a broader context by mentioning multiple other orientations informed by distinct philosophical positions and he even questions the appreciation of axiomatic set theory as the ultimate foundation of mathematics (Beth 1965:161-203). Differences such as these prompted the mathematician Kline to come up with a pretty negative assessment of the situation within mathematics:
The developments in the foundations of mathematics since 1900 are bewildering, and the present state of mathematics is anomalous and deplorable. The light of truth no longer illuminates the road to follow. In place of the unique, universally admired and universally accepted body of mathematics whose proofs, though sometimes requiring emendation, were regarded as the acme of sound reasoning, we now have conflicting approaches to mathematics. Beyond the logicist, intuitionist, and formalist bases, the approach through set theory alone gives many options. Some divergent and even conflicting positions are possible even within the other schools. Thus the constructivist movement within the intuitionist philosophy has many splinter groups. Within formalism there are choices to be made about what principles of metamathematics may be employed. Non-standard analysis, though not a doctrine of any one school, permits an alternative approach to analysis which may also lead to conflicting views. At the very least what was considered to be illogical and to be banished is now accepted by some schools as logically sound (Kline 1980:275-276).
The topicality of these diverging orientations is currently still reflected in the encompassing Oxford Handbook published by Oxford University Press in 2005 on philosophy, mathematics and logic - with Shapiro as Editor (833 pages). This work inter alia contains contributions on empiricism and logical positivism (1), on logicism (3), on Wittgenstein (1), on formalism (1), on intuitionism (3), on naturalism (2), on nominalism (2) and on structuralism (2).
An article on "non-denumerability" which appeared in the Journal Koers shows that alternative philosophical assumptions regarding the nature of the infinite lead to mutually opposing interpretations (see Strauss 2011). Interestingly, the editor of an accredited journal refused to publish this article because one of the reviewers objected by stating that it might mislead the youth to think that mathematics is not "an exact science"!
In addition to the extensive quote from Brouwer given above, we may challenge the idea of an exact science by briefly looking at the impasse of arithmeticism, such as the argumentation of Grünbaum published in 1952 aimed at to explaining the continuous extension of a straight line as being constituted by non-extended elements. This circularity is only apparent when it is realized that whereas our awareness of succession (and discreteness) originally belongs to the irreducible core meaning of number, the awareness of a totality (a whole with its parts) originally belongs to the core meaning of the spatial aspect. Once this is seen, it is clear that the idea of infinite totalities merely represents an anticipatory analogy pointing from the numerical aspect to the spatial aspect. However, the idea of an infinite totality presupposes the idea of the at once infinite (traditionally known as the actual infinite), which stands and falls with the deepening or disclosure of the meaning of number under the guidance of the meaning of space. For this reason the at once infinite in principle differs from the primitive meaning of infinity in the literal sense of one, another one, yet another one, and so on (traditionally known as the potential infinite but preferably designated as the successive infinite -endlessness). The decisive point in the argument pursued by Grünbaum is given in the employment of the at once infinite which is needed in Cantor's proof of the non-denumerability of the real numbers. If the real numbers cannot be enumerated, they cannot be added - apparently providing an opening for degenerate intervals to constitute a measure larger than zero (practically boiling down to adding zeros in order to exceed zero, apparently justified by the fact the addition is not defined in the case of non-denumerable infinity). Grünbaum writes explicitly: "The consistency of the metrical analysis which I have given depends crucially on the non-denumerability of the infinite point-sets constituting the intervals on the line" (Grünbaum 1952:302). Therefore the entire arithmeticistic argument begs the question. The attempted arithmetization crucially depends upon the use of the idea of infinite totalities, which needs the at once infinite, and which finally presupposes the irreducible meaning of the spatial order of at once and the (correlated) spatial whole-parts relation.
The perspective which we have advanced thus far challenged the idea of "an exact science." But since biology is oftentimes incorporated in the restricted notion of "science" we now briefly highlight some of the increasing problems facing neo-Darwinism with its law-like mechanism of random mutation and natural selection (of course, accepting the constancy of this mechanism contradicts the neo-Darwinian claim that "everything changes").
In the Prologue of his recent book, Darwin's Doubt (2013), Stephen Meyer states the following in connection with the assumed origination of the first living entities: "The type of information present in living cells - that is, 'specified' information in which the sequence of characters matters to the function of the sequence as a whole - has generated an acute mystery. No undirected physical or chemical process has demonstrated the capacity to produce specified information starting 'from purely physical or chemical' precursors. For this reason, chemical evolutionary theories have failed to solve the mystery of the origin of first life - a claim that few mainstream evolutionary theorists now dispute" [This book is dedicated to the mystery of the Cambrian explosion (initially estimated to have occurred within a time-span of 20 to 40 million years, but now reduced to 5-6 million years (Meyer 2013: 72).]
Although neo-Darwinians therefore have to concede that the origination of the first living entity is a mystery, they still BELIEVE that it did happen "spontaneously", through purely material processes. However, apart from the extreme improbability of such a process, there are no clues as to how the information found in living entities came into being - the "hardware" (material) does not explain the "software" (such as ordered DNS sequences, epigenetic information or complex proteins).
The equally mysterious appearance of new animal phyla during the Cambrian explosion is now attributed to information not stored in genes, namely epigenetic information. Add to this that similar information sequences do not affirm common ancestor genes. The reality that genes with information-rich sequences cannot be derived from common ancestral genes, is underscored by recent "genomic studies which reveal that hundreds of thousands of genes in many diverse organisms exhibit no significant similarity in sequence to any other known gene" (Meyer 2013:215). In addition Meyer mentions that these ORFfan genes (derived from "open reading frames of unknown origin") have "turned up in every major group of organisms, including plants and animals as well as both eukaryotic and prokaryotic one-celled living entities. In some organisms, as much as one-half of the entire genome comprises ORFan genes" (Meyer 2013: 216). While having no homologs ORFans cannot be related to a common ancestral gene, a "fact tacitly acknowledged by the increasing number of evolutionary biologists who attempt to 'explain' the origin of such genes through de novo ('out of nowhere') origination" (Meyer 2013:216). Clearly, questions concerning origins increasingly recede into the mystical realm of "coming from nowhere" (which is synonymous with: ultimately we do not know and approximating the possibility of creation)!
Likewise, the Cambrian expert, Douglas Erwin (trained at the University of California), in collaboration with Eric Davidson, "have now ruled out standard neo-Darwinian theory" because it "gives rise to lethal errors", to which Erwin and Davidson add that no current theory of evolution explains the origin of the de novo body plans found in the Cambrian explosion (see Meyer 2013:356). On the same page Meyer mentions Erwin saying that establishing these novel body plans does not have "any parallel to currently observed biological processes" because he insists that the events of the past were fundamentally different. Meyer summarizes this succinctly: "the cause responsible for generating the new animal forms, whatever it was, must have been unlike any observed biological process operating in actual living populations today" (Meyer 2013:356). When the principle of uniformity is challenged the door is opened for speculating about origination phenomena which are indeed unlike any biotical processes observed in currently living populations.
How can anyone come to terms with the uncertainties and speculation increasingly surrounding (and even rejecting) the neo-Darwinian mechanism of random mutation and natural selection? Reverting to "out of nowhere" and a "fundamentally different past" underscore the mystery surrounding the unique origination of living entities, including the evidence of the Cambrian explosion which, according to Erwin and Davidson (2002), is not accounted for by any known (micro or macro) theory of evolution.
In conclusion, it should be mentioned that implicit in our entire preceding analysis of the shortcomings in and problems of postmodernism, positivism and atheism one can discern key elements of a non-reductionist ontology motivated by the supra-theoretical ultimate commitment to accepting God as Creator of the universe in Whom all things hang together. The idea of type-laws (with their specified universality) and the idea of universal (unspecified) modal laws occupy a key position in such a non-reductionist ontology. We are indebted to the founders of this philosophical legacy who developed their crucial insights during the first half of the previous century.
Among them also Stoker articulated his own assessment of what those who are involved in scholarship should acknowledge. He did this within the perspective of Christianizing all of life (Stoker 1967:65) which for him entailed the idea of God's law-order (Stoker 1967:52) on the basis of explicitly promoting the ideal of a non-reductionist ontology (Stoker 1967:61).
It is a privilege to be able to make a humble contribution to the further development of this philosophical legacy at an institution where Professor Stoker spent his fruitful academic career.
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Danie Strauss
Private Bag X6001
Potchefstroom Campus
North-West University
Potchefstroom, 2520
South Africa
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Accepted: 01 Jun. 2015
Published: 01 Sep. 2015
The author declares that he has no financial or personal relationship(s) that may have inappropriately influenced him in writing this article.
1 An earlier version of this article was presented as a Stoker-Lecture at the University of North West, September 2013.


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Why? Because after November 23, 2014 , the traveling exhibit, "The Original Art 2013" at the Cannon Art Gallery, in Carlsbad CA will close!
Don't miss this exhibit! You'll encounter 40 examples of the best-illustrated books of 2013, from the most talented in the field.
A highlight is the inclusion of published illustrators who happen to live in San Diego and Los Angeles, including Salina Yoon, Debbie Tilley, Andrea Zimmerman & David Clemesha, David Diaz, Janell Cannon, and Robin Preiss Glasser, to name just a few!
There's a dedicated reading corner where you can sit and peruse the books each piece is culled from. Many of the originals include drawings, paintings, prints, etchings, and collages — a rare opportunity to fully appreciate the diversity of creativity applied to these works. Gallery curator Karen McGuire even adhered post-its to corresponding pages of each book, so that visitors can compare the printed result to its original, up-close!
There's also a video featuring 19 trailers highlighting selected artists on display, broadcast throughout the duration of the exhibit. Don't miss it — it's at the reading corner! Here are just a few of the trailers you'd encounter.
IDEA: It's not too early to order picture books for holiday gift giving! Give everyone you love a children's picture book. It's a bazillion times more enduring than a mere Christmas card! There's something for everyone.
Like this one (below). Yes, Renata Liwska's original work is on display at The Cannon Art Gallery too!
Check out the work of Renata, and her multi-talented illustrator colleagues, at the Cannon Art Gallery, before it becomes yet another happy memory.
1775 Dove Lane
Carlsbad, CA 92011
Tuesday – Thursday: 9 a.m. – 9 p.m.
Friday – Saturday: 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.
Sunday: 1 p.m. – 5 p.m.


text:
June 07, 2004
Los Angeles — The Head Start-Johnson & Johnson Management Fellows Program has operated successfully for 13 years under the administration and academic direction of the UCLA Anderson School of Management and with joint funding from Johnson & Johnson and the Head Start Bureau in Washington, D.C. Since its founding in 1991, the program has trained over 900 Head Start executives, serving millions of children nationwide. Noted child development experts and members of Congress have heralded the program as one of the finest examples of an effective public-private partnership – with our nation's children and their families as the ultimate beneficiaries.
In March 2004, the Head Start Bureau determined that it could no longer continue the partnership under the original agreement. But Johnson & Johnson will continue the program in 2004 as the sole remaining funder, and training programs for Head Start Directors will be offered again this June and July.
The Head Start-Johnson & Johnson Management Fellows Program has produced many accomplished Head Start executives who have made exceptional contributions to the field of early childhood development. This group includes: Helen Taylor, who became the Head Start Associate Commissioner in Washington, D.C., Ron Herndon, current chairman of the National Head Start Association; Manda Lopez, executive director of the National Migrant and Seasonal Head Start Association; Amanda Bryans, director of operations for the Head Start Bureau; and Lawrence Pucciarelli, director for the Head Start State Collaboration for Rhode Island, among others.
The Management Fellows Program builds both executive and entrepreneurial management skills. Eighty hours of classroom instruction include lectures, group discussions, case studies, and workshops. Designed from a strategic planning perspective, subject materials from human resource management, organization design and development, finance, computers and information systems, and operations and marketing, the curriculum focuses on applying concepts to relevant Head Start needs and interests. The curriculum represents a course of study developed by UCLA faculty, the Program Advisory Board, and field research and focus groups.
The program remains committed to Head Start executives who exhibit strong leadership abilities and dedication to enhancing the lives of children. Fellows have proven that when armed with world-class, executive management training, there is no limit to the scope of what they can achieve as advocates for the children they serve, their families and their communities.
About Johnson & Johnson
Johnson & Johnson is the world's most comprehensive and broadly based manufacturer of health care products, as well as provider of related services, for the consumer, pharmaceutical and medical devices and diagnostics markets. The Company is headquartered in New Brunswick, NJ.
About UCLA Anderson School of Management
UCLA Anderson School of Management is perennially ranked among the top-tier business schools in the world. Award-winning faculty renowned for their research and teaching, highly selective admissions, successful alumni and world-class facilities combine to provide an extraordinary learning environment. Established in 1935, UCLA Anderson provides management education to more than 1,400 students enrolled in full-time, part-time and executive MBA programs and doctoral programs.
UCLA Anderson's faculty includes outstanding educators and researchers who share their scholarship and expertise in such fundamental areas as finance, marketing, accounting, business economics, decision sciences, operations and technology management, human resources and organizational behavior, information systems, strategy and policy.
Recognizing that the school offers unparalleled expertise in management education, the world's business community turns to UCLA Anderson School of Management as a center of influence for the ideas, innovations, strategies and talent that will shape the future.


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- Description
- Print methods
Removable banner in portrait format for walls Hexagon with print - Description
- Self-adhesive, removable banner for short term usez
- Solid, 4-color printable with radiant colors
- Material: polyester fabric Variotex® Z SE
- UV resistant, waterproof up to a water column of 2000 mm
- Cleanable with a damp cloth
- Finish: all-around with sewn hook tape, self adhesive loop tape, for self-assembly on Gazebo Select or Pop Up tent Select Hexagon
- Removable banners are suitable for use on Gazebos and Pop Up Tents from Vispronet®. No liability is assumed for the use on other systems.
- Individually selectable sizes:
Width: 20 cm - 148 cm
Height: 20 cm - 150 cm
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Removable banners are suitable for use on Gazebos and Pop Up Tents from Vispronet®. No liability is assumed for the use on other systems.
Digital printing (non-textile)
The print files are sent directly from the computer to the printing machine and transferred to the print material using UV curing inks. The used UV inks have a high lightfastness, are VOC-free and are certified according to the Nordic Ecolabel (Nordic Swan). In the digital printing you can choose additional spot colours from the colour-systems Pantone C and U, HKS N, RAL and black as well as percentages of black. With that we can reach an even higher colour accuracy
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Transbay Transit Center will open without signature park
The $1.9 billion Transbay Transit Center will open without its signature rooftop park unless the city of San Francisco can come up with $24 million in private donations and nonprofit grants to pay for the green space.
Cost overruns have added $300 million to the cost of the project at First and Mission streets, so money that was supposed to go toward building Rooftop Park - 4.5 acres with gardens, a children's play area and an amphitheater - will instead go toward constructing the four-story bus terminal and underground train station.
Transbay Joint Powers Authority spokesman Adam Alberti said the park would be built eventually, but that it will be "phased" and not necessarily ready when the transit center opens in late 2017.
"We know the park will come to fruition, just not with the public dollars," he said. "We are going to be relying more on private dollars."
The park's delay comes as the TJPA is eliminating a roster of design features to shave costs. The building's undulating glass skin was replaced with perforated aluminum to save about $17 million. An additional $53 million was scratched by eliminating the glass-fiber flecked finish from the walls. Fixtures that were to be stainless steel will instead be galvanized and painted steel.
On budget, on time
Alberti said all the "trade-offs" are aimed at "making sure the transit center comes in on budget and on time." He said the project's budget includes money for the park to be "roughed out" with drainage and walls. But there is no financing for the actual build-out - the trees, flowers, music venue and playground.
"We will aggressively look for park grants and other efforts to solicit funds from the public," he said.
With the dream of a bullet train from Los Angeles to San Francisco bogged down in a political, legal and financial morass, Rooftop Park is the most appealing amenity the project has going for it. It was designed by Peter Walker Partners Landscape Architects, and designer Adam Greenspan has described it as "interior spaces with rolling meadows and lawns with live oaks, redwoods, California buckeyes" and outer gardens that will be off limits to pedestrians so that "butterflies and birds and other kinds of visitors can have free rein of the scalloped alcoves without being disturbed by people walking through."
As planned, the park will be directly accessible from the fifth floor of neighboring towers and will feature a funicular to whisk visitors up from the street.
The park has been heavily promoted by developers constructing towers around the new terminal. The joint venture of Boston Properties and Hines, which is building the Salesforce Tower next to the terminal at 415 Mission St., touts the park as a major reason why tenants should locate in what will be the tallest tower west of Chicago. The same goes for developer Jay Paul, who is putting up an 802-foot residential and office tower that, like the Salesforce Tower, will connect directly to the park.
The park has its roots in a 2007 agreement between the TJPA and Hines, the Houston developer that teamed with architect Pelli Clarke Pelli and won a competition to design and build the transit center and adjacent tower. Hines initially offered $350 million for the right to develop the tower and agreed to build the park as well. But after the economic collapse of 2009, that number was reduced to $185 million, and the final agreement did not require Hines to build the park.
Park was a selling point
Former San Francisco Supervisor Chris Daly, a member of the TJPA board when the original agreement was struck, said the park was a crucial part of building support for the terminal and the neighboring private development around it.
"The park was always what we led with when talking about the project with the neighborhood," he said. "It was always envisioned as part of the capital project."
The uncertainty over the park comes as Transbay District developers are fighting with TJPA over how much they will have to pay as part of a Mello-Roos tax district designed to fund neighborhood infrastructure. Hines and Boston Properties, along with other property owners, are arguing that the district, as currently planned, is unfair. Hines and Boston Properties have also balked at being part of an additional community benefits district that would pay to maintain Rooftop Park once it's completed.
J.K. Dineen is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. E-mail: email@example.com Twitter: @sfjkdineen


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High Res
Elmer's is proud to bring you the Improved Elmer's Glue-All. It is America's favorite multi-purpose glue. It is perfect for household repairs, craft and school projects. It works on a variety of surfaces like paper, wood, fabric, leather, and ceramics and is a must-have for the kitchen, den, workshop and garage. It dries fast and is safe and non-toxic. Glue-All is stronger than ever before—so go ahead—glue all.
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Plant Changer is very similar to another occupation for which we have
a full profile.
Check out our full profile for:
Install, dismantle, or move machinery and heavy equipment according to layout plans, blueprints, or other drawings.
Apprentice, Millwright
Assembler, Machine, Industrial
Automated Equipment Engineer-Technician
Engineer, Automobile Equipment Technician
Field Service Technician
Machine Erector
Machine Installer
Machine Mover
Machine Rigger
Machine Set Up Operator
Machine Setter
Machinery Dismantler
Machinery Erector
Machinery Mover
Machinery Rigger
Maintenance Mechanic
Maintenance Millwright
Manufacturer's Service Representative
Manufacturers Service Representative, Installing
Millwright Apprentice
Plant Changer
Repairer, Gear
Technician, Automated Equipment Engineer
Technician, Engineer, Automobile Equipment


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Fiscal cliff deal increasingly unlikely
Nearly all the major players in the fiscal cliff negotiations are starting to agree on one thing: A deal is virtually impossible before the New Year.
Unlike the bank bailout in 2008, the tax deal in 2010 and the debt ceiling in 2011, the Senate almost certainly won't swoop in and help sidestep a potential economic calamity, senior officials in both parties predicted on Wednesday.
Story Continued Below
( Also on POLITICO: Poll: Fears of a cliff dive mount)
With the country teetering on this fiscal cliff of deep spending cuts and sharp tax hikes, the philosophical differences, the shortened timetable and the political dynamics appear to be insurmountable hurdles for a bipartisan deal by New Year's Day.
Hopes of a grand-bargain — to shave trillions of dollars off the deficit by cutting entitlement programs and raising revenue — are shattered. House Republicans already failed to pass their "Plan B" proposal. And now aides and senators say the White House's smaller, fall-back plan floated last week is a non-starter among Republicans in Senate — much less the House.
On top of that, the Treasury Department announced Wednesday that the nation would hit the debt limit on Dec. 31, and would then have to take "extraordinary measures" to avoid exhausting the government's borrowing limit in the New Year.
( Also on POLITICO: Republican leaders huddle over fiscal cliff)
Senate Democrats are considering fallback options to resolve the crisis, but they appear unlikely to push forward if Republicans decide to mount a serious opposition. The White House, a senior administration official said, is in close coordination with Senate Democrats. Late Wednesday, Reid's office pushed Republicans to pass a bill to extend tax rates for income below $250,000.
A meeting at the White House between Congressional leaders and President Barack Obama is likely this week, sources said.
The House sidestepped a decision Wednesday to bring the chamber back into session, putting the burden squarely on the Senate, where the stars will need to align for swift action in the next few days. Speaker John Boehner's leadership team said bluntly: the "Senate first must act" before the House will consider additional legislation to avoid the cliff. So that they're all on the same page, House Republicans will have a members only conference call Thursday.
( Also on POLITICO: Treasury: U.S. will hit debt limit New Year's Eve)
For Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid to bring up a new bill, he'll need assurances from Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell not to filibuster it — and not to pressure his members to block it. And Reid will need Boehner's word that any Senate-passed bill would be scheduled for a vote and could pass with support largely from Democrats, even if it lacks a majority of Republican support.
That scenario seems unlikely right now.
From McConnell's perspective, the White House will have to pare back its demands for tax increases if Republicans will concede the fight and risk the wrath from the right. And then President Barack Obama will need to give far more on cuts to entitlement programs like Medicare and Social Security in order to get some GOP cooperation on tax rate hikes, Republican officials say.


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Tuesday, July 10, 2012
Reflecting blue
I was sitting at my desk, thinking how much fun it would be to go wading in a stream, when I thought of this image. Coloring it can either be simple or complex. I am going to show you an advanced way of coloring it today. For this example, the light is coming basically from above.
I started with the water. I started with B12, feathered out from the center. Then I pushed back towards the image with a lot of colorless blender. This is how I achieved the really soft, trailing edge that looks almost watercolored. Then, I streaked in some BG15 and B45.
The base color on his skin is E000, and the pool toy is colored with YG05. I added a hint of shadow on the pool toy with B12, the same color I used on the water. I did this to tie the shadow colors into the reflected color of the blue of the water.
Next, I darken his skin tones and deepen the contrast on the shadows on the pool toy. Skin tones were layered E11 and E13. Notice his face is almost all in shadow, since his head is tilted down to look at the fish. His ears stick out and catch more ambient light, so they stay light.
I deepened the shadow on the pool toy with B45. I colored the spots with Y06. As the light is strong, I kept the coloring very simple. At the end I will add highlights back in as pure white to show the shiny, reflective inflatable toy.
I added highlights with Y02 to the tops of his ears, tip of his nose, and top of the arms.
I added another layer of E13 to his face around the nose to darken it even more, but I left off coloring the nose, to keep it looking like it sticks out of the face.
When you look at this image, compared to the second one, it is easy to see how contrast helps make the boy look more dimensional. His face and arm on the toy, in particular, look much more rounded.
Here is the final, color-corrected version of the artwork. On the final image I finished coloring his hair with E11 and Y02. (I started with the B12 simply to show you where it was on the hair. Otherwise, you could add it after you color the hair as well.) Then, I added Copic Opaque White to create the final white highlights and reflections on the pool toy, and water. Also, I added white streaks into his hair with opaque white, rather than trying to leave those fine details white.
The line image was drawn with a 0.2mm Multiliner SP and printed on color laser copier paper to be colored. I hope this helped you, have a great week, and I will see you next week at CHA in Chicago!
13 comments:
- Frozenstamper said...
Such a cute image! Love the colorless marker to make the water appear more "watercolor" like.
- July 10, 2012 at 10:07 PM
- Trena in Naperville said...
Great tutorial! Thanks Marianne!! Blue is one of my favorite colors (ok, all the colors are my favorite!).
Take care and STAY POSITIVE!
- July 11, 2012 at 7:04 AM
- Debbie Olson said...
Love this, Marianne--thanks for sharing it!
- July 11, 2012 at 7:04 AM
- Barb said...
This looks fantastic!!! Thanks for sharing and explaining details on how to do this!!! You rock!!!
- July 11, 2012 at 7:35 AM
- Pat said...
Oh my this is just gorgeous! The step by step is sooo helpful thank you xx
- July 11, 2012 at 9:59 AM
- Ellen said...
I love to find one of your tutorials~ Thanks!! Adorable image!!
- July 11, 2012 at 10:35 AM
- Jan Castle said...
Amazing how the image comes alive step by step!! Thanks so much for the tutorial! Enjoy CHA!
Paper Higs,
- July 11, 2012 at 12:30 PM
- marilynwillauer said...
WOW great tutorial, adorable image.
- July 11, 2012 at 2:58 PM
Really cute image. Going to have to give the technique a try!
- July 11, 2012 at 11:01 PM
- Patricia St Martin said...
Totally wonderful tutorial. Love how you did the water. Hope to see you at CHA this coming week. I did have the privilege of meeting you last year and I'm sure you do not remember but I was the one that loved your awesome guitar sketch.
Hugs, Patricia
- July 14, 2012 at 9:00 AM
- Cindy O said...
Thanks Marianne for another great tutorial! Such a cute drawing, and your coloring brings it to life!
- July 22, 2012 at 8:00 AM
- Sweet Fairy said...
This is looking so great. The beautiful design. I am also a designer of Plastic business cards but i have never design so creative just like this one. Thanks for the sharing. I am so inspired.
- August 13, 2012 at 9:51 PM
- Stephen Jhon said...
Beautiful.. So lovely design. How much different is there in the Plastic card printing company designing and other gifts designing.?
- August 30, 2012 at 5:26 AM


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Photo tour: The luxury of the new Europa 2
Thinking about a splurge on a luxury cruise? Our latest cruise ship photo tour, which appears in the carousel above, offers a deck-by-deck look at what's billed as one of the most elegant and upscale vessels ever: Hapag-Lloyd Cruises' new Europa 2.
Unveiled in May, the 40,000-ton vessel offers the highest staff-to-passenger ratio in the industry and, as can be seen in the tour, is chock-full of upscale amenities include a luscious spa, a high-end cooking classroom and a spacious pool deck that never feels crowded.
RELATED: First impressions of the Europa 2
Designed as a research tool for vacationers considering a voyage, the Europa 2 photo tour is the 91st in our ongoing series of cruise ship galleries.
For previous photo tours, click on the links below:
Alaskan Dream Cruises: Admiralty Dream
American Cruise Lines: Queen of the Mississippi
American Safari Cruises: Safari Explorer; Safari Endeavor
Azamara Club Cruises: Azamara Journey
Avalon Waterways: Avalon Panorama; Avalon Expression; Avalon Angkor
Celebrity Cruises: Celebrity Eclipse; Celebrity Constellation; Celebrity Century; Celebrity Reflection; Celebrity Solstice; Celebrity Silhouette
Carnival Cruise Lines: Carnival Magic; Carnival Breeze; Carnival Breeze, Magic compared; Carnival Destiny; Carnival Ecstasy;Carnival Splendor; Carnival Inspiration; Carnival Liberty; Carnival Valor; Carnival Dream
Celebration Cruise Line: Bahamas Celebration
Compagnie du Ponant: Le Boreal
Costa Cruises: Costa Favolosa; Costa Deliziosa
Cruise & Maritime Voyages: Marco Polo
Crystal Cruises: Crystal Symphony
Cunard Line: Queen Mary 2; Queen Elizabeth; Queen Victoria; Queen Mary (retired)
Disney Cruise Line: Disney Wonder; Disney Fantasy and Dream compared; Disney Fantasy; Disney Dream
Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines: Braemar
American Queen Steamboat Co.: American Queen
Hapag-Lloyd: Europa
Holland America Line: Nieuw Amsterdam; Westerdam; Eurodam; Oosterdam; Statendam
InnerSea Discoveries: Wilderness Discoverer
Lindblad Expeditions: National Geographic Sea Lion
Louis Cruises: Louis Majesty
MSC Cruises: MSC Fantasia; MSC Divina; MSC Preziosa
Norwegian Cruise Line: Norwegian Jade; Norwegian Breakaway; Norwegian Sky; Norwegian Epic; Norwegian Gem
Oceania Cruises: Riviera; Marina
Paul Gauguin Cruises:Paul Gauguin
Princess Cruises: Ruby Princess; Crown Princess; Grand Princess; Emerald Princess; last look at the 'Love Boat'; Royal Princess under construction; Royal Princess; Sapphire Princess;
Regent Seven Seas Cruises: Seven Seas Mariner
Royal Caribbean International: Oasis of the Seas; Voyager of the Seas; Jewel of the Seas; Allure of the Seas
Seabourn Cruise Line: Seabourn Sojourn and Seabourn Odyssey; Seabourn Quest
Silversea: Silver Spirit; Silver Shadow
Star Clippers: Star Flyer
Vantage Deluxe World Travel: River Discovery II; River Splendor
Viking River Cruises: Viking Odin; Viking Bragi
Voyages to Antiquity: Aegean Odyssey
Voyages of Discovery: Discovery
Windstar Cruises: Wind Surf; Wind Star; Wind Spirit
Yachts available by charter:Christina O
Retired ocean liners: United States
Theme galleries:The seven most spectacular suites at sea


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Archive for the 'FRC' tag
Robotics Teacher Appreciation Week Challenge
Teacher Appreciation Week is May 6th – 10th and we are celebrating! We LOVE all teachers and appreciate everything they do for their students! Here at the Robotics Academy, we have a special place in our hearts for robotics teachers, mentors and coaches, so this year we want to make sure they get the attention they deserve.
Do you know an amazing robotics teacher, mentor, or coach? Let us know who they are and why they are AWESOME! Send us your best story, pictures, and/or video about this person to firstname.lastname@example.com. We will share several of these stories on the Robotics Academy blog during Teacher Appreciation Week. And the Top Three Stories, voted by us, will each WIN one Classroom Annual License for Robot Virtual Worlds for their teacher/mentor/coach!
Stories must be submitted by Wednesday, May 8th at 5pm Eastern Standard Time. We will announce the winners on Friday, May 10, 2013.
Please include contact information (name and email/school phone number) for the teacher, mentor, or coach that you're writing about so we can make sure to get their permission to publish their name on our site. You can send any questions to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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void LCD4Bit::WriteCGRAM(int adress, char code[]) { commandWrite(0x40+(adress<<3)); for (int i=0 ; i <= 7 ; i++) { print(code[i]); } commandWrite(CMD_HOME);}
Hi everyone,I've made a modified version of the LCD4Bit for allowing it to work with my 20x4 displays, it should continue to work with 20x1, 20x2 and others display (I hope so). Hope it'll help some of you!My display: White on Blue retro with two KS0066U-00PCC and KS0065BPCC controllers (they are HD44780 code compatible but offers some characters and other functions) from Lextronic France (http://www.lextronic.fr/ODT/4x20.htm it's not exactly the one on the pictures, I got one from them for only 12 euros last year, their new ones are a little bit more expensive). Datasheet: http://www.lextronic.fr/ODT/20x4/20416D.zipLibrary: http://lutingaia.free.fr/LCD4Bit_20x4.zipIf you have any question feel free to ask!Jonathan.
//non-core stuff --------------------------------------//move the cursor to the given absolute position. line numbers start at 1.//if this is not a 2-line LCD4Bit instance, will always position on first line.////legba7: second controller, with its own Enable input, for line 3 and 4void LCD4Bit::cursorTo(int line_num, int x){ //if we are on a 1-line display, set line_num to 1st line, regardless of given if (g_num_lines==1){ line_num = 1; Enable = Enable1; } //offset 40 chars in if second line requested // switch (line_num){ case 1: Enable = Enable1; x=0x00 ; break;; case 2: Enable = Enable1; x= 0x40 ; break;; case 3: //line_num = 1; Enable = Enable2; x=0x00; break;; //x+= 0x14 ; break;; // In fact, line 3 is an extension of the line 1 (beyond the 20 first characters) case 4: Enable = Enable2; //x+= 0x54 ; break;; // Line 4 is an extension of line 2 x= 0x40 ; break;; // Line 4 is an extension of line 3 } commandWrite(0x80+x);}
// --------- PINS -------------------------------------//is the RW pin of the LCD under our control? If we're only ever going to write to the LCD, we can use one less microcontroller pin, and just tie the LCD pin to the necessary signal, high or low.//this stops us sending signals to the RW pin if it isn't being used.int USING_RW = false;//RS, RW and Enable can be set to whatever you likeint RS = 12;int RW = 11;//legba7: two HD44780; per HD44780 one Enable Inputint Enable1 = 2;int Enable2 = 3;int Enable = Enable1;//DB should be an unseparated group of pins - because of lazy coding in pushNibble()int DB[] = {7, 8, 9, 10}; //wire these to DB4~7 on LCD.//--------------------------------------------------------//how many lines has the LCD? (don't change here - specify on calling constructor)int g_num_lines = 2;
The link http://lutingaia.free.fr/LCD4Bit.zip returns an error for me Does anyone know where I can get hold of this library?Thanks
This could help you...http://www.tekcrack.com/interfacing-arduino-with-a-purdy-lcd-4x40-modified-lcd4bit-library.htmllet me know if it works!ThxAndy