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Although America's housing downturn has rippled nationwide, its impact varies greatly by geography – right down to individual streets, developments, and ZIP Codes.
In many metro areas, far-flung suburbs and exurbs face sharper price declines than neighborhoods closer to city centers.
It's no secret, for example, that Florida is among the states where property prices flew high and fell hard. But in Tampa's ZIP Code 33607, near downtown, the median home lost just 1.3 percent of its value last year, according to new research. ZIP Code 33573, in contrast, lies about 18 miles away and saw a 22 percent price decline.
The housing bust is also falling heavily on low-income and minority neighborhoods. That's not just a story of borrowers with a weak ability to pay. The larger story, another new study finds, is that lenders made a headlong rush to extend credit where it was least warranted.
What links these trends is that in both zones – the exurbs and low-income communities – the housing market peaked with lots of new loans and with lenders stretching the limits of sound finance. Now, these geographic patterns are partly defining the nature of America's economic slowdown and could also influence policies designed to heal the housing market.
"You had a lot of first-time buyers," says Rick Sharga, a vice president of RealtyTrac in Irvine, Calif. "They bought ... an overvalued property with a risky loan."
One factor, in the exurbs, is this decade's home-building boom. Housing developments that were showing off brand-new units in 2006 now see multiple foreclosures. The land available for these developments was generally in exurbs or at the urban fringe.
"There was a mad rush [by builders] to bring housing supply on line," says Stan Humphries of Zillow.com, an online provider of real estate information. "Where you can do that is at the perimeter."
In hard-hit southern California, it's places like Riverside and San Bernardino – far outside Los Angeles – where subprime loans are heading into foreclosure at about twice the national rate. In L.A. itself, foreclosures aren't far above the national average, according to data from First American CoreLogic.
Washington State, although relatively unscathed in the housing downturn, shows a similar pattern. Snoqualmie, well outside Seattle, has seen home prices fall 10 percent in the past year, while some downtown neighborhoods are up in price, by Zillow's estimates.
It's not just vacant and foreclosed properties dragging prices down. When housing cycles cool, Mr. Humphries says, close-in neighborhoods often hold their value better. "All things equal, people would prefer to be closer in to the urban core" for the amenities and shorter commutes, he says.
Gasoline prices may be playing a special role in the current cycle, some analysts say.
A cause-effect relationship can't be proved, but gains in home prices began slowing as gas moved above $2 per gallon and beyond, according to one new report called "Driven to the Brink."
Rising energy prices pinch all consumers and thus have some effect on the housing market in general. But gas prices have bigger implications for the value of homes far from a city center.
"Where there was any kind of consistent pattern, it was the case that the further you went from downtown, the greater was the decline in housing prices," says Joe Cortright of consulting firm Impresa, who conducted the study for the group CEOs for Cities.
Although not every city follows the trend, the pattern holds for metro areas as diverse as Tampa; Pittsburgh; Chicago; and Portland, Ore., where Mr. Cortright is based.
Another geographic story is unfolding along boundary lines based on income. Some of the neighborhoods most affected by foreclosures are poorer ones, where access to credit was scarce in the past.
"You're looking at three to four houses on a block going into foreclosure," says Michael van Zalingen of Neighborhood Housing Services, a nonprofit group in Chicago.
What prompted the influx of money before? It was a shift that happened far from the affected neighborhoods.
Bankers on Wall Street found growing global demand for investments built on the income stream from mortgages. The products were structured in such a way that, for a long time, the risk of borrower default seemed small.
The result: a big incentive for mortgage brokers to write more loans. And the biggest opportunity to do that, many found, was in places where lenders had traditionally been wary.
"ZIP Codes where the income growth was relatively negative were actually having much higher house price appreciation and much higher mortgage originations," says Amir Sufi, a finance expert at the University of Chicago's Graduate School of Business.
Very often, those ZIP Codes are ones with many low-income or minority residents, says Mr. Sufi, who recently published an analysis of the credit surge with university colleague Atif Mian.
The housing bust's uneven geographic distribution has important implications. It means that, even though an economic slowdown is under way nationally, some neighborhoods feel it more than others.
Several foreclosures on a block or cul-de-sac diminish the value of surrounding properties – a factor that can then contribute to still more loan defaults. Neighborhood quality goes down, and crime generally goes up.
As Washington considers policy responses, geography isn't the central issue. But it is a piece of the puzzle.
The main responses have a nationwide focus – such as how to encourage lenders to write down the balance on troubled loans. Geography may come into play in smaller but significant ways:
•Congress is considering channeling money to the local level, so that state or city governments can implement programs to buy foreclosed properties in some of the most distressed areas. The result might be fewer vacant homes and new affordable-housing units.
•Boston is one example of how some cities are moving on their own to buy and redevelop vacant homes. The move by Mayor Thomas Menino came after the Boston Herald featured a story about one foreclosure-blighted street.
•Communities with higher loan defaults may need more funding for community-based nonprofit groups – which can help borrowers and lenders find the best options. This issue is also on Congress's radar.
At the Home Ownership Resource Center in Fort Myers, Fla., director Eddie Felton says he'd like to hire more trained counselors as he tries to reach out to the city's many at-risk borrowers.
"We don't believe in two things here – foreclosure and bankruptcy," he says. "We feel that we can work it out."


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A great networking opportunity for students interested in international development, African fashion and social enterprise.
Check out this article and video of Instructor Bridgett Artise talking about vintage fashion and doing a sample reconstruction! Her classes are CEO 031: Building a Vintage Business and SUS 016: Clothing Reconstruction.
Luxury Skincare Brand, Kiehl's has done a major push towards implementing an environmental initiative for Earth Day!
They have implemented QR code advertising within their store windows as well as various marketing materials to create awareness of their eco-friendly approach.
When consumers scan the QR code, they are redirected to Kiehl's mobile page http://www.kiehls.com/, which focuses on their environmentally oriented products as well as the recycling campaign.
The Kiehl's Reycle across America campaign incorporates celebrities including Mark Ruffalo, Rosario Dawson, Florence Welch and Spike Lee as an effort to connect with their Target Demographic. They have also released a limited edition line with focus on these celebrities. Each celebrity has their own limited-edition art label on the Kiehl's rare Earth pore cleansing masque. All proceeds from this collection will go to Recycle Across America.
Included in this initiative is recycling of old containers from their past products. Each empty container is equivalent to one stamp, three stamps qualifies for a free lip balm, five stamps qualifies for a travel-sized product, and 10 stamps qualifies for a full-sized product.
Kiehl's strategy of implementing QR codes to create awareness of this campaign was extremely strategic, because they can track the interaction and learn from this engagement for future campaigns.
Dalia Strum teaches SXF 120: Blogging Smarts for Business.


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Kiss Warming Up for 'The Tour' with Military Audience in Virginia
Kiss have made it more and more of a priority in recent years to salute America's veterans and service men and women, and that will continue Thursday night (July 19) with a special private show at Bristow's Jiffy Lube Live on the eve of opening night in Virginia.
KissOnline.com reports that the group has invited 2,000 service men and women to catch their show. Boomer magazine coordinated the free ticket distribution, and both current and past soldiers will receive a special commemorative Kiss t-shirt to mark the occasion.
Kiss have been actively involved in the Hiring Our Heroes campaign, with the goal of getting veterans back into the workforce. Bassist/singer Gene Simmons has personally taken an active role hiring veterans to work at his various businesses, and on a recent episode of 'Gene Simmons Family Jewels' he and his family took part in veterans programs and staged a special performance with the 'Rock for Vets' band.
Simmons says, "Hiring veterans is the most important thing that we can do." For the band's upcoming dates, the group held an open call for roadies for their upcoming tour, with Paul Jordan being selected among 1,900 applications for the position.
Jordan, a 20-year-vet from Georgia, will be on hand with the military audience Thursday night when Kiss get in their warm-up date for the tour start.


text: Pediatric Rheumatology Parents seeking medical care for children with a range of conditions affecting the joints and connective tissue (known as rheumatic diseases) can find excellent care at Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel. Our doctors are board-certified in pediatric rheumatology. They evaluate and manage the treatment of children and adolescents who have rheumatic and inflammatory conditions, as well as patients with chronic muscular or skeletal pain. They perform onsite procedures for joint injections, joint aspiration, infusion and other conditions. What we treat Juvenile arthritis, including spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis Dermatomyositis Lupus Scleroderma Vasculitis Autoimmune disorders Chronic inflammatory conditions Involved in research, focused on families Doctors in our Pediatric Rheumatology Program are involved in medical research aimed at improving treatment. As members of two national research alliances, they are able to collaborate with hundreds of pediatric rheumatologists and participate in cutting-edge medical research studies. One of the most important aspects of our program is that we involve families at every stage of the treatment process. This involvement is part of the family-centered care philosophy that guides Randall Children's Hospital. Integrated care Our rheumatologists collaborate with other specialists at Randall Children's Hospital in these areas: Neurology Neurosurgery Lung Gastroenterology Imaging Diabetes and Endocrinology Orthopedics Infectious disease Development and rehabilitation The newest facility Procedures are performed at the state-of-the-art Randall Children's Hospital. Patients and their families can take advantage of the many features in the hospital -- from playrooms to gardens -- that help make the experience of going to the hospital more enjoyable. Call 503-413-3930 to schedule your appointment. Our providers Victoria Cartwright, M.D., M.S. Daniel Kingsbury, M.D. Andrew Lasky, M.D. Locations Pediatric Rheumatology 501 N. Graham St., Suite 355 - Medical Office Building 2 Portland OR, 97227 Phone: 503-413-3930 Fax: 503-413-3948 Randall Children's Specialty Clinics at Legacy Medical Group - Cornell 1960 N.W. 167th Place, Suite 103 Beaverton, OR, 97006 Phone: 503-413-3930


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Washington, D.C. (July 12, 2012) — America's biopharmaceutical research companies are developing 187 innovative medicines to help the nearly 60 million patients in the United States who are suffering from some form of mental illness. The medicines in development – all in either clinical trials or under review by the Food and Drug Administration – include 52 for depression, 37 for schizophrenia and 26 for anxiety disorders, according to a new report released by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA).
"Mental illnesses do not discriminate and can have a profound impact on people's lives," said PhRMA President and CEO John J. Castellani. "They come in many different forms and impact patients in many different ways. That is why biopharmaceutical research companies are working on new and better paths of treatment for patients battling these disabling conditions."
Research shows that mental disorders are common throughout the United States, affecting millions of people each year, and that only a fraction of those impacted receive treatment. Over the past half century, biopharmaceutical research has helped transform mental illnesses from misunderstood causes of shame and fear into manageable conditions. For example, medicines for treating depression are helping thousands of people live productive lives, whereas medicines for schizophrenia have enabled patients to be treated in community settings rather than being institutionalized.
Despite such progress, mental illnesses continue to exact a heavy human and economic toll. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) estimates that 1 in 4 American adults are affected by a diagnosable mental disorder. According to the NIMH, serious mental illnesses cost the United States more than $317 billion annually in lost wages, health care expenditures, and disability benefits.
America's biopharmaceutical research companies are exploring many different approaches to tackle mental illness. Examples include:
- A medicine to potentially treat the various symptoms associated with schizophrenia, with diminished side effects.
- An intranasal medicine for anxiety which has been shown to improve symptoms within several minutes of administration.
- A potential first-in-class medicine for the treatment of major depression that recruits the patients' own neural stem cells to protect the central nervous system against damage from chronic exposure to stress.
Such potential cutting-edge innovations reflect the continuing commitment of biopharmaceutical research companies to discover new solutions for mental illnesses and other diseases. According to data from the National Science Foundation, the biopharmaceutical sector accounts for nearly 20 percent of all domestic R&D funded by U.S. businesses – the single largest share of all U.S. business R&D.
PhRMA's 2012 Medicines in Development for Mental Illnesses report does not include medicines for Alzheimer's disease. A separate report specific to Alzheimer's will be released later in the year.
The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) represents the country's leading pharmaceutical research and biotechnology companies, which are devoted to inventing medicines that allow patients to live longer, healthier, and more productive lives. PhRMA companies are leading the way in the search for new cures. PhRMA members alone invested an estimated $49.5 billion in 2011 in discovering and developing new medicines.
Find PhRMA Online:
- Website – http://www.phrma.org
- facebook – www.facebook.com/PhRMA
- Blog – www.phrma.org/catalyst
- Twitter – www.Twitter.com/PhRMA and www.Twitter.com/PhRMApress
- YouTube – www.youtube.com/PhRMApress
- E-News Alerts – www.phrma.org/updates
For information on how innovative medicines save lives, visit: http://www.innovation.org
For information on the Partnership for Prescription Assistance, visit: http://www.pparx.org
For information on ensuring the flow of medicines during public health emergencies, visit http://www.rxresponse.org


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A hero's fate is in your hands. As you explore the secrets of his immortality, triggering conflict and chaos throughout your epic journey, arm yourself with the weapon of mass information. Sign up now for The Well, and gain access to exclusive content such as news, artwork, screenshots, developer and visionary commentary, the history of Amalur, profiles of your favorite characters, and more. Your quest for immortality begins with your first issue.
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At Russel Athletic®, we take great pride in providing apparel with functional benefits at a value. Our pullovers and jackets for men, women and youth do just that with features such as moisture-wicking fabric, odor protection and zippered pockets for safe media storage. We offer a broad selection of pullovers, hoodies, and jackets that provide you with the technology you desire.


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Politics & Government
White House calls on Russia to stop 'military vehicles' in Ukraine
The White House is threatening to ratchet up sanctions against Russia if its government doesn't remove from Ukraine what the U.S. says are Russian military vehicles painted to look like civilian trucks.
The convoy of trucks "forced their way into Ukraine" today -- without an escort from the International Committee Red Cross, which the Ukrainian government had required, said National Security spokeswoman Caitlin Hayden. She called the move a "flagrant violation of Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity by Russia."
The U.S. planned to talk with the U.N. Security Council to discuss its next steps, said Deputy National Security Advisor Ben Rhodes, adding that Russia's failure to withdraw could mean "additional costs and consequences from the United States and our partners in the international community."
Rhodes said there had been negotiations in which Ukraine had agreed to accept the delivery of a humanitarian convoy into the country, with Red Cross participation. But he said it's not part of the convoy and the "government of Ukraine did not give agreement for this convoy to move within their borders."
The Russian Foreign Ministry said it was forced to act, complaining in a statement that "endless delays hampering the initial deliveries of the Russian humanitarian relief aid to southeastern Ukraine have become intolerable."
It said the convoy had been standing idle on the border while the Russians "made unprecedented efforts in all areas and at all levels" to comply with Ukrainian government demands.
The move bears "all the hallmarks" of Russia's invasion of Crimea, said Sen. Bob Corker, R-Tenn., ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He called for a U.S. response to include broader, more crippling sanctions, lethal assistance and intelligence support to the Ukraine government.
"Our constant dithering on a response to Russian aggression over the last several months has empowered Putin to press forward instead of demonstrating that we are strongly committed to Ukrainian independence," Corker said. "Permitting Putin to continue these provocative acts could result in devastating and perhaps irreversible consequences."
A small number of the vehicles were inspected by Ukrainian customs officials, but most weren't inspected by anyone but Russia, Hayden said.
"Under the agreed terms, the mission should have been accomplished by sending a small number of inspected trucks in to drop their supplies and return to Russia within 24 hours," Hayden said. "That is not what is taking place."
She noted that the convoy incursion comes as Russia maintains a sizable military force on the Ukrainian border and has sent a stream of military equipment and fighters into Ukraine.
"As a result, the international community has been profoundly concerned that Russia's actions today are nothing but a pretext for further Russian escalation of the conflict," she said. "If Russia really wants to ease the humanitarian situation in eastern Ukraine, it could do so today by halting its supply of weapons, equipment, and fighters to its proxies."
NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said the incursion comes amid a "major escalation" of Russian military involvement in Eastern Ukraine since mid-August. He said NATO has seen transfers of large quantities of advanced weapons, including tanks, armored personnel carriers, and artillery to separatist groups in Eastern Ukraine.
He called it a "blatant breach of Russia's international commitments" and said it would "deepen the crisis in the region, which Russia itself has created and has continued to fuel."
He said the "disregard of international humanitarian principles raises further questions about whether the true purpose of the aid convoy is to support civilians or to resupply armed separatists."
The U.S. and European leaders last month slapped their toughest sanctions yet on Russia's energy, arms and finance sectors to protest Russian involvement in Ukraine. Russia announced its own ban of U.S. and European food products a week later.


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Horizon is a community bank serving northern and central Indiana, and southern, central and the Great Lakes Bay regions of Michigan. Our focus is to anticipate and fulfill customer needs with exceptional service and sensible advice. This philosophy is what has kept us growing stronger than ever since 1873.
If you have debt, you've probably heard time and time again how important it is to pay it off. Yet you may also be hoping to save money for your future.
Both goals are important, and both can have an effect on your financial security at retirement. But should you focus extra effort on one option or the other?
Everyone's situation is different — but here are a few things to think about as you weigh your choices:
Advantages of paying off debt:
You can schedule automatic transfers from your checking account to your debt, to help prevent missing payments or spending the money elsewhere. Also, the return that comes from eliminating high-interest-rate debt is a sure thing. Potential drawbacks: If you work only toward paying off debt, and don't save anything, you lose valuable time in compounding your returns over the long-term.
Advantages of saving toward retirement:
Consider a Blended Approach.
Many financial experts agree that a blended approach may be best in most cases. By working toward both goals, if you can afford to do so, you'll get the advantages of both options — and ideally, you'll be saving enough to at least qualify for any employer matching that may be available to you.
For specific guidance on financial planning, contact Horizon Bank at 888-873-2640. Our experts, along with your accountant, can help you weigh tax benefits, potential investment returns, and more. So you can create a plan for 2016 that works to help you achieve short- and long-term goals alike!


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Windows Phone cameras have progressed rather nicely with the Lumia 920 and HTC 8X's cameras being really strong performers. But if you're in the mood for days of old, Pixel Heritage will give your current Windows Phone camera a retro feel.
Pixel Heritage is a collection of nine "old school" Nokia phones. From the 2004 6610i to the 2006 Nokia N95, you can snap a picture and give it that hazy, dusty, slightly out of focus look as if it was taken with these older cameras.
Pixel Heritage's interface is simple. Simply swipe left or right to choose the phone of your liking and tap the power button (or phone itself). Your camera view finder will appear on the Nokia phone's screen (just like the old days) and once you've lined up the shot, tap the capture button or press your Windows Phone shutter button.
Once captured, a selection of editing buttons will appear to let you add bad pixels, dust, extra noise, or haze. Once the final edits are done, tap save and the photo is stored in your Pictures Hub. Image quality isn't too shabby if you take away the dead pixels, soft focus and grain. Just like the good old days.
Pixel Heritage is an interesting novelty camera app for your Windows Phone that will let you capture retro styled images. The only real downside to the app is that the collection is a little on the small side and limited to Nokia phones.
Regardless, if you're looking for a unique photography app for your Windows Phone, Pixel Heritage might fit the bill. Pixel Heritage is a free, ad supported app for your Windows Phone. You can find Pixel Heritage here at the Windows Phone Store.


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I was not at the Facebook announcement in Menlo Park on Tuesday, so I neither drank the KoolAid nor felt compelled to respond immediately. I'm glad I waited. Facebook's new Graph Search feature is both a bigger and a smaller story than what most observers were expecting. On the one hand, this will now be an integral part of the product, a third pillar, as Zuckerberg described it, along with the newsfeed and timeline. On the other hand, for consumers, this is somewhat of a product in search of a use-case. I don't think that users have been clamoring for this—but marketers have.
So I found myself pulled (much as Nate Elliott from Forrester Research wrote in these pages on Wednesday) between thinking that Graph Search is a snore and that it is much more (and a potentially dangerous more for Facebook and its users, as well.) For the service to be a success, and by extension for Facebook to continue to grow and thrive, it has to convince users to change their behavior. This is not an easy thing to do. The search functionality will not work well for users if the data is "sparse," in the terms of former Google engineer, Lars Rasmussen, who is one of the key architects of Graph Search. Facebook has to get users to provide more signals of the kind that will be picked up by search, at this point this means "Likes" of pages, check-ins to places, shared photos and fully filling out their (now all publicly searchable) profiles.
But Facebook also has to convince users of the utility of searching for "Mexican restaurants that my friends like in Palo Alto." Although the result is targeted specifically to you (unlike Yelp or to a lesser extent Google) your Facebook friends may not be very good judges of Mexican food—or much else for that matter. I would venture that very few people use Facebook in a strategic enough way to make most of these "social" recommendations necessarily better than less personalized ones. If the majority of your Facebook friends (and their friends) are foodies, than maybe restaurant recommendations will work. But do you also agree with their taste in movies, books, music or (to use one of Rasmussen's examples) dentists?
There is a difference between ones actual friends, accumulated over time and different phases of your life, and what I call your "content friends." I find myself using Facebook and Twitter, for instance, in very different ways. My Facebook friends are people I actually know. I don't necessarily agree with (or care about) their taste in music or food or technology, but I have an affection for them that I want to maintain. On Twitter, on the other hand, I follow people who are into all of the kinds of things that I like to write about. Very few of the 374 people that I follow do I actually know in person, but that's not the point. I consider them my "content friends." We're into the same stuff. They tip me off about new things way before they appear on Mashable. It's like mainlining pure, early adopter tech intelligence. So when I use sites that filter or curate the content I see, I'm much more likely to use my Twitter account as the starting point.
This is all preamble to the fact that I think Graph Search is indeed important, but the results of Facebook's search for increased relevance may be both more and less than it intends. Its users may find the utility of searching their own social graph to be hit-or-miss, but they also may find themselves feeling much more exposed in the searches of others than they ever intended to be. Rather than phrase this negatively, however, I want to try to identify the potentially explosive issues, land mines if you will, that Facebook will encounter in its path to build out its third pillar and suggest what it needs to do to avoid or diffuse them.
The very name, Graph Search, shows that Facebook is enthralled with its own internal workings in a way that does not really connect with its users. As much as the company uses the term "social graph," it is only really developers who think about things in those terms. For users, this is "social search," plain and simple.
Similarly, at the press conference, Zuckerberg and his engineers talked with obvious pride at making the search of the social graph possible. It is, indeed a tough problem that they have apparently solved, but is it the problem that most users need them to solve most?
Again, most likely, it is the advertisers (and Facebook's own bottom line) that most need this problem to be solved, but the presentation on Tuesday made it sound like this was all about the users. The problem that users need the most help with is understanding and acting upon the privacy implications of the data they already have on the site and how to feel in control moving forward.
Another contradiction that Facebook will have to face is the asymmetry between how much control users and marketers have to search the social graph and how programmatic the tools are for people to control their own data. To say that users can change the setting on each individual piece of content is not a very generous offer. Facebook knows that most users won't bother. But just the fact that users could have controlled a bit of content that later they are unhappy about having shared is not enough. Privacy is not a black and white issue. A Woodrow Hartzog and Evan Selinger point out in The Atlantic, there is a big difference between privacy and obscurity. Even if data is technically public it can be obscure and relatively hard to access. Data has physics—it can have friction.
Adi Kamdar at the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) makes the same observation, "Facebook's Graph Search presents the problem of discoverability. One can have a good balance of privacy and openness if information is available, but not easily discoverable. You might not mind if people specifically interested in you look at your Likes, but you may not want to have a market researcher pull the list and add it to an ad targeting profile." Discoverability is a form of data lubrication, which is exactly what Facebook intends. But the power of the discoverability needs to be balanced by users' ability to make their content obscure or actually private in an equally powerful way.
Matt Asay writes in a post on ReadWrite, that he recently took himself off Facebook (in solidarity with his 13-year-old son) and has felt immense relief. "This reprieve from the onslaught of social media and its attendant army of notifications ("Lonn likes your post. He really likes it!") couldn't have come at a better time," he writes. "Now that Facebook's Graph Search is set to make it even easier for random people that I've accepted as 'friends' to search my interests and take action based on them. ('Hey! I like The Hobbit, too! Want to go to the community theatre's production of Bilbo and Me?')"
The fear for Facebook is that given the tools to more actively (and conveniently) control their content, users will absent themselves from the commons that Graph search requires to be robust—they will make themselves "sparse." But the converse is that people will have one too many experiences of being overexposed and, like Asay suggests he is considering doing, "completely remove" themselves from the service.
This is the place where I wish I were a mathematician, statistician or logician. I'm not even sure which one I need to be to solve the Facebook privacy equation, but I have a simple question. Given the structure of the Facebook social network and the rules in place, is it provable—one way or the other—that a piece of a user's content will be seen ONLY by the friends they intend to see it? I'm thinking of the Randi Zuckerberg situation over the holidays where a personal photo inadvertently got posted publicly by a "friend of a friend."
My strong hunch (and I welcome expert feedback on this) is that it can be provable to be impossible. Unintended consequences are a natural part of large networks. I think this is true and I think that the engineers at Facebook well know it. If it is indeed possible to prove the converse, they should post the proof for peer review. Otherwise, I have to say that the privacy assurances, particularly now that a large chunk of user content including profiles and photos are searchable, are disingenuous.
Facebook's contention that nothing will come up in a search that has not been shared publicly with the person searching may be technically true. And making it true may well be a monumental engineering problem that it is proud to have solved. But the fact is that most users do not realize all that they have shared, or have shared things in one context and never intended them to be shared in another. As I have suggested above, without tools to make users aware of and in control of all they have shared, there is no way that there will not be many embarrassing and even life-destroying revelations that result from the everyday use of Graph Search.
What will make Graph Search more useful to and less problematic for users will be the efforts of developers both inside and outside of Facebook. As Zuckerberg et al. suggest, searching the social graph is filled with possibilities, but I don't think that it is universally useful. Different use cases need to be considered and built out. Risks need to be assessed and confronted. This is a big project that will benefit from a diversity of opinions and approaches.
The problem for developers who want to work on the Facebook platform is not only that the social network keeps changing the rules, but that it requires a quid pro quo for access to its APIs. As TechCrunch reported on Friday, Facebook just cut off acccess to its Find Friends API from social messaging app Voxer because the startup was taking data from the network and not giving content back. According to the story, "If a startup shares back content such as photos or Open Graph stories, Facebook says they'll be free to use its Find Friends Data. I believe that's because Facebook can monetize that content with news feed ads. If a messaging app doesn't share anything back and qualifies as a competitor [and] it will only be able to use Facebook's login system."
The reason why Voxer does not "give back" is that users have no interest in posting their private conversations on Facebook. Duh! But the reason Facebook is tightening up on Voxer right now is because they have launched its own messaging app. So Facebook was not a "competitor" when Voxer started, but finds itself to be one now.
Maintaining a robust enough developer ecosystem to make best use of Graph Search for users will require more assurances from Facebook that startups efforts will not be voided as it rolls out its own apps. But Facebook also has to look at what it requires from developers in order to have reliable API access to Graph Search. Especially with search which is individualized by definition, public postings don't make much sense. No question it will be in Facebook's interest to foster a diverse community of developers trying to pull value from Graph Search. For that to happen it will have to create trust, transparency and some new rules for API access.
Perhaps the thorniest challenge of all is the issue of ambiguous intent—of irony. Unlike computer code, which needs to be clear and consistent in order to run at all, human language and behavior is inherently complicated and filled with multiple, often conflicting, meanings. So if you search the social graph for "people who like Chuck Norris," for instance, you may get people who both legitimately "like" the reportedly homophobic action movie star, others who have "liked" him with an ironic wink but certainly don't consider themselves homophobic and still others (younger folks particularly) who invoke his name because it's "random" and they've seen his name in online memes but don't even really know who he is. What is the value of such a search?
Facebook's assumption, built into its algorithms, might be that this problem sorts itself out because people who like Pabst Blue Ribbon earnestly have other friends who do as well, and the same is true for PBR among hipsters in Williamsburg. But, in reality, if you are from Wichita and move to Williamsburg, you could have friends from both camps.
And this is not just a matter of noisy results, but of potentially embarrassing disclosure, as well. In a recent story on Gizmodo, These People Are Now Sharing Horrible Things About Themselves Thanks to Facebook Search, Graph Search autocompletes some really nasty stuff and calls up profiles of people who have "liked" things that in retrospect they shouldn't have.
I described a similar problem in relation to Facebook's sponsored stories feature that led to and embarrassing association for a user with a 50-gallon drum of personal lubricant. The physics of data, indeed!
Irony and "randomness" are so enmeshed in youth culture at this point that it is no wonder that younger users have been finding Facebook less relevant to their lives and more annoying than their less ironic parents. This is a big problem for Facebook's future. Zuckerberg's empire is beginning to seem like the literal minded dad who doesn't get the joke!
Facebook move into search is filled with potential and pitfalls. How well it works out has to do with how well it addresses the issues I have raised above (and undoubtably others I have missed.) I don't see Graph Search as much of a challenge, at this point, to Google. Google already has some social signals in its algorithm and will add more. Facebook and Google will have different value for users, but I don't see Facebook's social personalization surpassing Google's contextual personalization any time soon, if ever.
The real question for Facebook is how well it can use these search capabilities to deliver users to advertisers without alienating those users and causing them to flee the platform. The related question is how generous Facebook will be with their third-party developers who attempt to deliver relevance to users through the Graph Search APIs. Business as usual will cause developer flight as well.
In the mean time, what can users do as Facebook ramps up its search capabilities? Most importantly, make sure you are OK with what you have posted and liked and shared and remove or add friction where necessary. Below is Facebook's own tutorial video about how to control what shows up in Graph Search. The network effects of the activities of friends and friends of friends is downplayed here in an attempt to make this as simple as possible. The EFF has posted some additional tips for how to protect your privacy from Facebook's graph search, if you want a second opinion.
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Alumni & Parent Programs
Portland Event: "From Classroom to Courtroom: Adventures of a History Professor"
Date: 6:00pm PDT March 19, 2014 Location: The Mission Theater
The Mission Theater
Meet local alumni, parents, and admitted students, and enjoy the evening with one of L&C's outstanding professors - Professor Emeritus of History Dr. Stephen Dow Beckham. Enjoy dinner and a talk about Professor Beckham's adventures as a history professor and his experiences as an expert witness.
Wednesday, March 19, 6 p.m.
Dinner and presentation
The Mission Theater
1624 NW Glisan St,
Portland, OR 97209
Click here for a map.
Stephen Beckham on From Classroom to Courtroom: Adventures of a History Professor
Event Registration
The cost of the event is $10, which includes dinner and drinks. Please click here to register. Call our office main line at 503.768.7950 if you encounter any problems with the online registration or have any questions.
More on the Speaker
Stephen Dow Beckham was named the Pamplin Professor of History in 1993. He earned his B.A. at the University of Oregon and his M.A. and Ph.D. at UCLA. He has taught college students for the past thirty-four years as a specialist on Native Americans, the American West, and U.S. environmental history.
Prof. Beckham has worked with many Indian tribes across the United States as an expert witness in land claims, reservation, hydropower, and Indian gaming litigation. His work has included the Delaware Nation and Ottawa Tribe (OK), Duwamish, Cowlitz, and Chinook tribes (WA), Cow Creek Band of Umpqua, Grand Ronde, and Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw (OR), and the Karuk and Oholone/Esselen Tribes (CA). Annually he teaches in the summer Indian Law Program at Lewis & Clark Law School.
Prof. Beckham's newest books are Lewis & Clark from the Rockies to the Pacific (2002) and The Literature of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (2003). He is the curator and author of the national traveling exhibit, "The Literature of the Lewis and Clark Expedition" that opened at the Thomas Jefferson Library, Monticello, in 2003. He is the curator/author of "Oregon, My Oregon" (exhibit at Oregon Historical Society, Portland), "Wrapped In Tradition: Indian Trade Blankets and the Art of Dale Chihuly" (on tour), and numerous interpretive centers including the Oregon Trail Center (Baker City, OR.), Gorge Discovery Center (The Dalles, OR.), Columbia Gorge Interpretive Center (Stevenson, WA.), Cape Disappointment Visitors Center (Ilwaco, WA.), Wasco County Museum (The Dalles, OR.), and the Yaquina Head Interpretive Center (Agate Beach, OR.).


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EssentialNYJobs.com Job Searching Made Easy!
Empire State Development (ESD), in partnership with We LIVE NY, introduces the latest in regional recruitment for New York State.
Each year, more than 1.1 million students graduate from New York's community colleges and technical schools, as well as its colleges and universities. Essential NY Jobs was created with those graduates – and any individual in search for the latest job and internship opportunities – in mind.
Essential NY Jobs will serve as a one-stop shop for jobseekers looking for detailed and up-to-date listings of opportunities throughout the state, organized in a way that's familiar to New Yorkers: by region. It will link students and others across the state with local resources and business development information while providing businesses with new audiences. What's more, the portal will market New York State's ten regions by simultaneously advertising job openings while promoting social networks, cultural events and activities, and transplant support services.
New York State Governor David A. Paterson believes deeply that one of the best ways to revitalize communities across the state is not only to attract young leaders to these regions, but to also provide reasons for them to stay. In a statement announcing these initiatives Governor David A. Paterson said, "Young people are the backbone to any community, as the future of that community's businesses, workforce, education and societal well-being lie with them. New York's workforce represents a unique and vibrant asset for our State, and we are committed to providing the broadest set of opportunities for our young people now and for generations to come."
ESDC Chairman & CEO / DED Commissioner Dennis M. Mullen said: "Establishing Essential Jobs NY, a solid network for students and residents alike, will only enhance a sense of investment in one's community. With some of the best Universities, New York helps bring talented young professionals to the workforce. In order to secure our economic future, and best serve our graduates we need to connect them with local businesses and professional organizations here in New York. The State looks forward to working with the private sector to ensure strong networks are available for New Yorkers to increase their long-term social and professional well-being."
We LIVE NY was formed as a result of the I Live New York Summit, which convened more than 600 key stakeholders at the State University of New York at Cortland in the fall of 2007. This group is comprised of dedicated and passionate young people who are committed to making New York State an even more attractive place to live, work, raise a family and start a business.
We LIVE NY . . . committed to making New York State an even more attractive place to live, work, raise a family and start a business.
EssentialNYJobs.com plays a key role in demonstrating the employment opportunities throughout the state funded in part by Empire State Development Corporation and the Governor's Small Business Task Force in association with We Live NY.
©2019 Essentialnyjobs.com hosted at pair


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TUESDAY, Aug. 2, 2011 (HealthDay News) -- Americans used to live a little longer than Europeans, but that's no longer the case, according to a new study that gives high-income nations in Europe an 18-month advantage in longevity.
Smoking, in particular, and obesity are to blame, said the U.S. researchers. But measures to curb unhealthy behaviors could improve life expectancy in coming years and help to reduce health care costs, they said.
"The question is whether being American is an independent mortality risk factor," said author Dana Goldman, director of the Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics at the University of Southern California.
One hundred years ago, mortality rates were improved by saving babies, Goldman explained. "But now it is reduction in mortality among the elderly, rather than the young, that propels increases in life expectancy," Goldman said in a USC news release.
The findings, which the authors said underscored a previous National Research Council study, are published in the July issue of Social Science & Medicine.
Researchers from USC, the RAND Corp. and Harvard School of Public Health compared the average lifespan in the United States with average age of death in certain Western European countries, including Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden.
The United States could close the gap by reducing rates of obesity and obesity-related chronic illnesses, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, to European levels, the researchers found.
Such improvements would also pay off economically, they said. Although improving American health during middle age to increase life expectancy would boost pension benefits, that expense would be offset by a reduction of $17,791 per person in health care costs, the researchers estimated.
They also projected that by 2050, health care savings from gradual middle-age health improvements could surpass $1.1 trillion. Medicare and Medicaid alone could save $632 billion, they said.
More information
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provides statistics on the health of older Americans.


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ATLANTA – You could see storm clouds gathering. And it had nothing to do with the stormy weather in Atlanta Sunday.
This time, it wasn't the lightning strike of a game-turning home run. It was a slower, more prolonged failure as Don Mattingly asked his relievers to get 12 outs in a one-run game. Predictably, they couldn't do it, collapsing as the Atlanta Braves scored four times in the eighth inning and beat the Dodgers 5-2 to complete a three-game sweep on a soggy Sunday in Georgia.
The game was delayed an hour and 42 minutes before the first pitch and another 33 minutes in the sixth inning due to rain. The teams played in intermittent showers throughout the game.
The weather fit the Dodgers' mood. They held the lead in the sixth inning or later each of the three games only to lose each time. Their relievers have now been charged with the loss in 13 of the team's 25 defeats, the most in the major leagues.
"You guys were asking me the other night if I felt like I was having to make choices and none of them seem to be good ones," Mattingly said after using five relievers to try and milk a victory out of a 2-1 lead. "But to me, I still think Brandon League has great stuff and he's going to get guys out. Kenley Jansen has great stuff and he's going to get guys out. Belly (Ronald Belisario) has great stuff and is going to get guys out. J.P. (Howell) is going to get guys out. I still think Paco (Rodriguez) is going to get guys out.
"I think people here are going to get guys out. That being said, you've got to look at the team. We put pressure on them (the relievers) where these guys can't give up one run. … You can't say the bullpen let us down when you put up two runs. It's not fair to say that they can't afford to give up a run."
Sunday's loss did fit a familiar scenario. The starter (in this case, rookie right-hander Matt Magill) pitched well but the offense provided no cushion.
Adrian Gonzalez drove in two runs in the first three innings. But the Dodgers did not have another hit after Matt Kemp's double in the third. Braves starter Mike Minor and their bullpen retired 20 of the final 21 Dodgers batters, a march interrupted only by A.J. Ellis' two-out walk in the ninth inning.
The Dodgers managed a total of just five hits in the final 18 innings against Braves pitching.
"We're not giving ourselves any breathing room," Mattingly said. "You're telling guys (pitchers) they have to be perfect. If you're not perfect, you're not going to be successful."
The Dodgers' bullpen has been far from perfect.
After Magill gave up a leadoff single to Justin Upton in the sixth, Mattingly started "trying to piece it together." Belisario got Saturday's Braves hero (Evan Gattis) to ground out with two runners on in the sixth and Jansen struck out Friday's hero (Upton) with two on in the seventh, walking the tightrope through those innings.
But the collapse came in the eighth.
Jansen gave up a single and a walk to start the inning and was replaced by Brandon League – Mattingly was so desperate he used his two closers and was going to ask Matt Guerrier to pitch the ninth if the Dodgers maintained the lead. They didn't.
Third baseman Juan Uribe fumbled a sacrifice bunt on the wet infield to load the bases. One run scored on a pinch-hit single by Gerald Laird, another on a sacrifice fly, a third on an RBI single by Chris Johnson and a fourth on a squeeze bunt by Jordan Schafer.
"They're not easy," Mattingly said of the string of late losses that have characterized the first quarter of the Dodgers' season. "You see the clubhouse – it's pretty quiet. Three games here, you have leads late and they get away and you don't win any of the three.
"It's not a good feeling."


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Mason Plumlee, and that was enough to beat Georgia State.DURHAM, N.C. – Duke wasn't anywhere near its best in the season opener. What the eighth-ranked Blue Devils did have was
Yet - despite the Panthers' coach's strong opinions - the Blue Devils know they'll need to do much more to win their upcoming battle of bluebloods.
Plumlee had 19 points and 14 rebounds to lead Duke to a 74-55 win over Georgia State on Friday night.
"It was OK. It wasn't an efficient game - a lot of turnovers, some things I should have finished," Plumlee said. "But it's the first game of the season. We aren't supposed to be peaking right now. I'll be alright, and I'll be better the next game."
Seth Curry added 15 points and surprise starter Tyler Thornton had 13 for the Blue Devils, who shot 51 percent and hit 11 3-pointers while holding the Panthers to 37 percent shooting.
They kept Georgia State without a field goal for 5 minutes during the run early in the second half that propelled them to their 31st straight home-opening victory.
Next up for Duke: A showdown with third-ranked defending national champion Kentucky in Atlanta on Tuesday night.
"I can't wait to tell (Wildcats coach John) Calipari I don't think they can win this one," Georgia State coach Ron Hunter said. "I said that. Tell `Cal' they can't win this game. Duke will beat Calipari and will beat Kentucky."
Devonta White had 19 points while freshman R.J. Hunter - the son of the Panthers coach - had 14 points and 10 rebounds in his first college game.
"As a dad, he gets his allowance," Hunter quipped. "As a coach, he has to keep working."
Georgia State never got closer than 12 points in the second half and turned it over 16 times while being denied their first victory over an Atlantic Coast Conference team besides Georgia Tech.
But the Panthers and their constantly changing defense threatened to make things interesting shortly after halftime, pulling to 40-28 on Manny Atkins' three-point play with 17:46 left.
Thornton followed with a 3-pointer about 20 seconds later, before adding a steal and layup to stretch the lead to 45-28. Curry capped the run with a 3 from the left wing that made it 52-30 and pushed the lead into the 20s.
The Blue Devils, who had 15 turnovers, gave themselves just enough of a cushion for their 95th straight nonconference victory at Cameron Indoor Stadium, their 13th season-opening victory in a row and their 28th consecutive win against current Colonial Athletic Association members.
Thornton wasn't even expected to be in the starting lineup, but coach Mike Krzyzewski said he started him ahead of Quinn Cook because Thornton could better match up with Hunter.
Redshirt freshman forward Alex Murphy, who had been penciled into the role filled through the years by Kyle Singler but didn't leave the bench because "we didn't get to where Alex would play," Krzyzewski said, adding that Murphy was not injured.
Only eight players saw the court for Duke - and only seven played at least 10 minutes. For much of the way, none was more important than Plumlee.
The 6-foot-10 senior nearly had his 19th career double-double by halftime, racking up 10 points and eight rebounds at the end of an opening half in which the Blue Devils trailed for less than a minute early but struggled to generate much separation.
Plumlee blocked two 3-point attempts by Hunter during the 13-2 spurt late in the half that put Duke up by 13.
"When a guy's averaging 26 (points) coming into a game, you figure he's going to pull them with a guy in his face," Plumlee said of Hunter. "So I think he wasn't used to having length on him. I mean, normally - I don't want to say smarter, because he's not a dumb player - they'll drive (past) a big guy. But he was determined to shoot it."
Plumlee's steal and layup with just under 3 minutes before the break pushed the lead into double figures for the first time at 28-17.
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This is an excerpt from There is Hope: Learning to Live with HIV_, 2nd Edition, written by Janice Ferri, with Richard R. Roose and Jill Schwendeman, a publication of The HIV Coalition._
If you're a teenager who's just learned you're HIV-positive, you may face some stress that adults and children don't have. You aren't little anymore, but you're not quite an adult yet, either. You may not be very comfortable with your body, your family, your friends, or your sexuality. There can be a lot of pressure, both from inside yourself and from people around you. It can be hard to relate to people you've just met, and to those who've known you a long time but aren't quite sure how to approach you now.
The news that you're HIV-positive can feel like one big thing too many on your plate. It's very common for young people who learn they are infected to try and make the news "go away" by ignoring it. It can be good not to let something get to you when you need to be busy living your life. Unfortunately, ignoring HIV can leave you feeling lonely and depressed; it can also keep you from getting medical attention that can help you live longer.
A key thing to remember is, you are not alone! There are many other people your age who are going through the same thing. Telling a friend who will respect your privacy can be a big relief. If you're not ready to tell anyone you know personally, try talking anonymously to someone at a hotline or HIV service agency, at the numbers listed throughout this book. There also are support groups out there strictly for teens or people in their 20's. They're a great place to get information, vent strong emotions, and make new friends.
It may not be as comfortable to approach an adult. However, if you do, you could be very glad you did. An older person can be your advocate, or help you solve practical problems by lending you money, giving you a ride or a place to stay, helping you find services that cater to youth, or just being there when you need to talk.
The most important thing is finding someone to hook up with, at least for basic medical care. If you're worried about the word getting around, make your contact by phone instead of in person. Make sure and ask whether you can be assured of confidentiality. Your life and future are very precious. Do something good for yourself by making that first connection.


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Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Candidate HIV-1 Vaccine Given to Healthy Infants Born to HIV-1-infected Mothers (PedVacc002)
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00981695
Recruitment Status : Unknown
Verified September 2009 by Medical Research Council.
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
First Posted : September 22, 2009
Last Update Posted : June 16, 2011
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Primary: Safety and immunogenicity of MVA.HIVA vaccine in 20-week-old healthy Kenyan infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers.
- HIV-1 immunogenicity comparison between MVA.HIVA and age-matched unvaccinated control arms in each cohort (breastfeeding or formula feeding)
- HIV-1 immunogenicity comparison between breastfeeding and formula feeding infants receiving MVA.HIVA
- HIV-1 immunogenicity comparison between breastfeeding and formula feeding infants in the age-matched unvaccinated control group
- Comparison of responses to certain Kenyan Extended Programme on Immunization (KEPI) vaccines (OPV, DTP, HBV, and HiB) between MVA.HIVA versus age-matched unvaccinated controls in each cohort, between breast versus formula feeding infants in the age-matched unvaccinated control group, and between breast versus formula infants receiving MVA.HIVA
- Comparison of immune activation and phenotypic profile of lymphocytes between breast and formula feeding infants in each cohort (MVA.HIVA and age-matched unvaccinated control)
- Build capacity for Infant HIV-1 Vaccine Clinical Trials Centre in Nairobi, Kenya.
|Condition or disease
|HIV-1 HIV Infections
|Biological: MVA.HIVA
|Phase 1 Phase 2
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Estimated Enrollment :
|72 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|Single (Outcomes Assessor)
|Official Title:
|An Open Randomized Phase I/II Study Evaluating Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate HIV-1 Vaccine, MVA.HIVA, Administered to Healthy Infants Born to HIV-1-infected Mothers
|Study Start Date :
|November 2009
|Estimated Primary Completion Date :
|July 2011
|Estimated Study Completion Date :
|October 2011
Experimental: Vaccinees
18 breast-fed and 18 formula-fed infants at the age of 20 weeks
Biological: MVA.HIVA
1 dose of 5 x 10^7 pfu of MVA.HIVA administered intramuscularly
No Intervention: Controls
18 breast-fed and 18 formula-fed infants at the age of 20 weeks
- For safety and reactogenicity: Actively and passively collected data on adverse events. [ Time Frame: Up to 28 weeks after vaccination ]
- For immunogenicity to KEPI vaccines: Antibody levels to specific vaccines as measured by ELISA. [ Time Frame: 1 week before and 1 week after vaccination ]
- For immunogenicity to MVA.HIVA: Frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells determined in an ELISPOT assay after overnight stimulation with a pool of HIVA-derived peptides. [ Time Frame: Up to 24 weeks after vaccination ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|up to 3 Days (Child)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Infant Inclusion Criteria
- Healthy infants
- < 3 days of age (day of birth = Day 0) at enrolment
- Birth weight > 2500 grams
- Born to an eligible woman
- Written informed consent by parent
Infant Exclusion Criteria
- HIV infection, as determined by a filter paper and/or RNA test prior to vaccination.
- Participation in any other HIV-1 vaccine or drug trial.
- Failure to receive all standard KEPI immunizations according to national immunization programme.
- Weight for age z-scores outside of 2 standard deviations of normal at the time of vaccination.
- Acute disease at the time of vaccination (acute disease is defined as the presence of a moderate or severe illness with or without fever). All vaccines can be administered to persons with a minor illness such as diarrhoea, mild upper respiratory tract infection with or without low-grade febrile illness, i.e., temperature of <37.5 °C).
- Axillary temperature of ≥ 37.5 °C at the time of vaccination.
- Any clinically significant abnormal finding on screening from biochemistry or haematology by the time of vaccination.
- History of allergic disease or reactions likely to be exacerbated by any component of the vaccine, e.g., egg products.
- Presence of any underlying disease that compromises the diagnosis and evaluation of response to the vaccine.
- Any other on-going chronic illness requiring hospital specialist supervision.
- Administration of immunoglobulins and/or any blood products within one month preceding the planned administration of the vaccine candidate.
- Any history of anaphylaxis in reaction to vaccination.
- Research Physician's assessment of lack of willingness by parents to participate and comply with all requirements of the protocol, or identification of any factor felt to significantly increase the infant's risk of suffering an adverse outcome.
- Likelihood of travel away from the study area.
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00981695
|Contact: Walter Jaoko, MB MTMed PhD
|Kenyatta National Hospital
|Nairobi, Kenya
|Principal Investigator: Walter Jaoko
|Study Director:
|Tomas Hanke
|Medical Research Council
|Principal Investigator:
|Walter Jaoko
|University of Nairobi
|Principal Investigator:
|Grace John-Stewart
|University of Washington
|Principal Investigator:
|Marie Reilly
|Karolinska Institutet
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
|Responsible Party:
|Tomas Hanke, Medical Research Council, UK
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00981695 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|September 22, 2009 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|June 16, 2011
|Last Verified:
|September 2009
Keywords provided by Medical Research Council:
HIV preventive vaccine
HIV seronegativity
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
HIV Infections
Lentivirus Infections
Retroviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Virus Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Immune System Diseases
Immunologic Factors
Physiological Effects of Drugs


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For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.


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Darius Rucker Announces 2014 True Believers Tour Dates
Darius Rucker will take his talents to the road on his 2014 True Believers Tour, and the dates have just been announced.
The Platinum-selling singer, who has kept his name hot with an unmatched rendition of 'Wagon Wheel,' has revealed 15-date nationwide tour with Eli Young Band and special guest David Nail.
"As an entertainer, there's nothing like seeing the fans react to your music. I've been blessed to have country radio take six of our songs to No. 1, so we thought it was the perfect time to take the True Believers Tour on the road," Rucker shares. "It's going to be an awesome show with some great entertainers as both Eli Young Band and David Nail deliver live."
The tour will kick off January 29, 2014 in Champaign, Ill., and they'll finish up their streak of dates in Loveland, Colo in March. An exclusive pre-sale will be available beginning Nov. 7 on Rucker's website.
Don't miss your chance to see Rucker, who recently celebrated his one-year anniversary as a Grand Ole Opry member. You can start off the new year right!
Darius Rucker 2014 True Believers Tour Dates:
1/29 – Champaign, Ill. | Assembly
1/30 – Ft. Wayne, Ind. | Memorial Coliseum
1/31 – Ypsilanti, Mich. | Convocation Center
2/13 – Hershey, Pa. | Giant Center
2/14 – Albany, N.Y. | Times Union
2/15 – Verona, N. Y. | Stone Event Center
2/20 – Charleston, S. C. | Coliseum
2/21 – Columbia, S. C. | Colonial Life Arena
2/22 – Asheville, N. C. | US Cellular Center*
2/27 – Erie, Pa. | Insurance Arena
2/28 – Youngstown, Ohio | Coveli Center
3/1 – Roanoke, VA. | Civic Center
3/7 – Enid, Okla. | Convention Hall
3/8 – Salina, Kan. | Bicentennial Center*
3/9 – Loveland, Colo. | Budweiser Events Center
*Eli Young Band will not be performing on these dates