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This topic provides
information about chronic kidney disease. If you are looking for information
about sudden kidney failure, see the topic
Acute Kidney Injury.
Having chronic
kidney disease means that for some time your
kidneys have not been working the way they should.
Your kidneys have the important job of filtering your blood. They remove waste
products and extra fluid and flush them from your body as urine. When your
kidneys don't work right, wastes build up in your blood and make you
Chronic kidney disease may seem to have come on suddenly.
But it has been happening bit by bit for many years as a result of damage to
your kidneys.
Each of your kidneys has about a million tiny
filters, called nephrons. If nephrons are damaged, they stop working. For a
while, healthy nephrons can take on the extra work. But if the damage
continues, more and more nephrons shut down. After a certain point, the
nephrons that are left cannot filter your blood well enough to keep you
One way to measure how well your kidneys are working is to figure out your glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The GFR is usually calculated using results from your blood creatinine (say "kree-AT-uh-neen") test. Then the stage of kidney disease is figured out using the GFR. There are five stages of kidney disease, from kidney damage with normal GFR to kidney failure.
There are things you can do to slow or stop the damage to
your kidneys. Taking medicines and making some lifestyle changes can help you
manage your disease and feel better.
Chronic kidney disease is
also called chronic renal failure or chronic renal insufficiency.
kidney disease is caused by damage to the kidneys. The most common causes of
this damage are:
Other things that can lead to chronic kidney disease
You may start to have
symptoms only a few months after your kidneys begin to fail. But most people don't have symptoms early on. In fact, many don't have symptoms for as long as
30 years or more. This is called the "silent" phase of the disease.
How well your kidneys work is called kidney function. As your kidney
function gets worse, you may:
doctor will do blood and urine tests to help find out how well your kidneys are
working. These tests can show signs of kidney disease and
anemia. (You can get anemia from having damaged
kidneys.) You may have other tests to help rule out other problems that could
cause your symptoms.
Your doctor will do tests that measure the amount of urea (BUN) and creatinine in your blood. These tests can help measure how well your kidneys are filtering your blood. As your kidney function gets worse, the amount of nitrogen (shown by the BUN test) and creatinine in your blood increases. The level of creatinine in your blood is used to find out the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The GFR is used to show how much kidney function you still have. The GFR is also used to find out the stage of your kidney disease and to guide decisions about treatment.
Your doctor will ask questions about any
past kidney problems. He or she will also ask whether you have a family history of kidney disease and
what medicines you take, both prescription and over-the-counter drugs.
You may have a test that lets your doctor look at a picture of your
kidneys, such as an
ultrasound or
CT scan. These tests can help your doctor measure the
size of your kidneys, estimate blood flow to the kidneys, and see if urine flow
is blocked. In some cases, your doctor may take a tiny sample of kidney tissue
(biopsy) to help find out what caused your kidney
Chronic kidney disease is
usually caused by another condition. So the first step is to treat the disease
that is causing kidney damage.
Diabetes and high blood pressure
cause most cases of chronic kidney disease. If you keep your blood pressure and
blood sugar in a target range, you may be able to slow or stop the damage to your
kidneys. Losing weight and getting more exercise can help. You may also need to
take medicines.
Kidney disease is a complex problem. You will
probably need to take a number of medicines and have many tests. To stay as
healthy as possible, work closely with your doctor. Go to all your
appointments. And take your medicines just the way your doctor says to.
Lifestyle changes are an important part of your treatment. Taking these
steps can help slow down kidney disease and reduce your symptoms. These steps may also
help with high blood pressure, diabetes, and other problems that make kidney
disease worse.
Always talk to your doctor before you take
any new medicine, including over-the-counter remedies,
prescription drugs, vitamins, or herbs. Some of these can hurt your kidneys.
kidney function falls below a certain point, it is called
kidney failure. Kidney failure affects your whole
body. It can cause serious heart, bone, and brain problems and make you feel
very ill. Untreated kidney failure can be life-threatening.
When you have kidney failure, you will probably have
two choices: start
dialysis or get a new kidney (transplant). Both of
these treatments have risks and benefits. Talk with your doctor to decide which
would be best for you.
Making treatment decisions when you are very ill is hard.
It is normal to be worried and afraid. Discuss your concerns with your loved
ones and your doctor. It may help to visit a dialysis center or transplant
center and talk to others who have made these choices.
Learning about chronic kidney disease:
Being diagnosed:
Getting treatment:
Ongoing concerns:
Living with chronic kidney disease:
Health Tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health.
The cause of
chronic kidney disease isn't always known. But any
condition or disease that damages blood vessels or other structures in the
kidneys can lead to kidney disease. The most common causes of chronic kidney
disease are:
Other conditions that can damage the kidneys and cause
chronic kidney disease include:
Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common causes
of chronic kidney disease that leads to
kidney failure. Diabetes or high blood pressure may
also speed up the progression of chronic kidney disease in someone who already
has the disease.
Many people who develop
chronic kidney disease don't have symptoms at first.
This is known as the "silent" phase of the disease.
As your kidney
function gets worse, you may:
At first with chronic kidney disease, your kidneys are still able to regulate the balance of fluids, salts, and
waste products in your body. But as kidney function decreases, you will start to have other problems, or complications. The worse your kidney function gets, the more complications you'll have and the more severe they will be.
When kidney function falls below a certain point, it is called
kidney failure. Kidney failure has harmful effects
throughout your body. It can cause serious heart, bone, and brain problems and
make you feel very ill.
After you have kidney failure, either
you will need to have dialysis or you will need a new kidney. Both choices have
risks and benefits.
Some of the things that lead
chronic kidney disease are related to your age and
your genetic makeup. You may be able to control other things that increase your
risk, such as dietary habits and exercise.
The main risk factors
for chronic kidney disease are:
You may be able
to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease and prevent or delay kidney failure by controlling things that increase
your risk of kidney damage, such as:
or other emergency services if you have
chronic kidney disease and you develop:
To check your heart rate, see the
instructions for
taking a pulse.
Call your doctor immediately
if you:
Call your doctor if you:
If you have uncontrolled weight loss, discuss this with
your doctor during your next visit.
A wait-and-see approach is not a good idea if
you could have chronic kidney disease. See your doctor. If you have been
diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, follow your treatment plan. And call
your doctor if you notice any new symptoms.
Health professionals who can diagnose and treat
chronic kidney disease include:
If you are diagnosed with chronic kidney
disease, you will likely be referred to a nephrologist for treatment.
You may also be referred to
To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.
Tests for
chronic kidney disease are vital to help find out:
After you are diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, blood
and urine tests can help you and your doctor monitor the disease.
When kidney
function is decreased, substances such as
creatinine, and certain
electrolytes begin to build up in the blood. The
following tests measure levels of these substances to show how well your kidneys are working.
If the kidneys don't produce
enough of the hormone
erythropoietin needed to make red blood cells,
anemia can develop. The following tests help monitor anemia:
Your doctor may use other tests to
monitor kidney function or to find out whether another kidney disease
or condition is contributing to reduced kidney function.
recommend screening tests for chronic kidney disease in high-risk groups, such
as people with
diabetes or
high blood pressure. Kidney disease runs in families, so close
family members may also want to have their kidney function tested. Being diagnosed with kidney
disease before it has progressed gives you the best chance to control the
To learn more about screening if you already have diabetes or high blood pressure, see:
The goal of treatment for
chronic kidney disease is to prevent or slow
further damage to your kidneys. Another condition such as
diabetes or
high blood pressure usually causes kidney disease, so
it is important to identify and manage the condition that is causing your
kidney disease. It is also important to prevent diseases and avoid situations
that can cause kidney damage or make it worse.
One of the most important parts of treatment is to control the disease that
is causing kidney damage. You and your doctor
will create a plan to aggressively treat and manage your condition to help
slow any more damage to your kidneys.
If you have
diabetes, it is important to control your blood sugar
levels with diet, exercise, and medicines. A persistently high blood sugar
level can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys. For more information about kidney disease caused by diabetes, see the topic
Diabetic Nephropathy.
If you have high blood pressure, it is also important to keep your blood pressure in your target range, for example less than 130/80. To learn ways to help control your blood pressure, see the topic High Blood Pressure.
If other conditions or diseases are causing kidney damage,
such as a blockage (obstruction) in the urinary tract or long-term use of
medicines that can damage the kidneys, you and your doctor will work out a treatment plan.
You may be prescribed a blood pressure
medicine, such as an
ACE inhibitor or an
angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). These medicines
are used to reduce protein in the
urine and help manage high blood pressure.
You can take steps at home to
help control your kidney disease. For example:
Your doctor
will use blood and urine tests to regularly check how well your kidneys are
functioning and whether changes to your treatment plan are needed. These tests are critical to help monitor your disease. The tests
As the disease gets worse, your symptoms-such as fatigue, nausea, and loss of appetite-may occur more often or
become more severe. Work with your doctor to create a treatment plan to help
control these symptoms.
If you develop anemia, you may need to take medicine called
erythropoietin (EPO). It helps your body make new red
blood cells and may help improve your appetite and
general sense of well-being.
You may also need an iron supplement if you have an
iron deficiency.
If you develop uremic syndrome (uremia), you will need to have wastes and fluids removed through dialysis or
your kidney replaced through a kidney transplant.
When your
kidney function has fallen below a certain point, it is called
kidney failure. Kidney failure has harmful effects
throughout your body. It can cause serious heart, bone, and brain problems and
can make you feel very ill.
After you have kidney failure, either
you will need to have dialysis or you will need a new kidney. Both choices have
risks and benefits.
Dialysis is a process that does the work of healthy
kidneys by clearing wastes and extra fluid from the body and restoring the
proper balance of chemicals (electrolytes) in the blood. You may use
dialysis for many years, or it may be a short-term measure while you are
waiting for a kidney transplant.
To learn more about dialysis, see Other Treatment.
Kidney transplant is often a better treatment option than dialysis for kidney failure,
because it may allow you to live a fairly normal life. But there are some
drawbacks. For example, you will probably need to have dialysis
while you wait for a kidney.
To learn more about kidney transplants, see Surgery.
Making treatment
decisions when you are very ill is difficult. It is normal to be fearful and
worried about the risks involved. Discuss your concerns with your family and
your doctor. It may be helpful to visit the dialysis center or transplant
center and talk to others who have chosen these options.
Palliative care is a kind of care for people who have a serious illness. It's different from care to cure your illness. Its goal is to improve your quality of life-not just in your body but also in your mind and spirit.
You can have palliative care along with treatment to cure your illness. You can also have it if treatment to cure your illness no longer seems like a good choice.
Palliative care providers will work to help control pain or side effects. They may help you decide what treatment you want or don't want. And they can help your loved ones understand how to support you.
If you're interested in palliative care, talk to your doctor.
For more
information, see the topic
Palliative Care.
Chronic kidney disease progresses to
kidney failure when damage to the kidneys is so severe
dialysis or a kidney transplant is needed to control
symptoms and prevent complications and death. Many people have successful
kidney transplants or live for years using dialysis. But at this point you may
wish to talk with your family and doctor about health care and other legal
issues that arise near the end of life.
A time may come when your
goals or the goals of your loved ones may change from treating or curing your
disease to maintaining comfort and dignity. You may find it helpful and
comforting to state your health care choices in writing (with an
advance directive such as a living will) while you are
still able to make and communicate these decisions. Think about your treatment
options and which kind of treatment will be best for you.
You may wish to write
durable power of attorney or choose a
health care agent, usually a family member or loved
one, to make and carry out decisions about your care if you become unable to
speak for yourself. You also have the option to refuse or stop treatment. For
more information, see the topic
Care at the End of Life.
Chronic kidney disease may sometimes be prevented by controlling the other diseases or
factors that can contribute to kidney disease. People who have
already developed
kidney failure also need to focus on these things to
prevent the complications of kidney failure.
There are many things you can do at
home to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease.
Although medicine cannot reverse
chronic kidney disease, it is often used to help treat
symptoms and complications and to slow further kidney damage.
Most people who have chronic kidney disease have problems with high blood pressure at some time during their disease. Medicines that lower blood pressure help to keep it in a target range and stop any more kidney damage.
Common blood pressure medicines include:
You may need to try several blood pressure medicines
before you find the medicine that controls your blood pressure well without
bothersome side effects. Most people need to take a combination of medicines to
get the best results. Your doctor may order blood tests 3 to 5 days after
you start or change your medicines. The tests help your doctor make sure that your medicines are working
Medicines may be used to treat symptoms and complications of
chronic kidney disease. These medicines include:
erythropoietin (EPO) therapy and iron replacement therapy may also be used
during dialysis to treat anemia, which often develops in advanced chronic
kidney disease.
Talk with your doctor about what
types of
immunizations you should have if you have chronic
kidney disease, such as hepatitis B, flu (influenza), and pneumococcal vaccines.
Also, be sure to discuss
medicine precautions. Make sure to tell your doctor
about all prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, and herbs you are
If you have
chronic kidney disease that progresses, you may have
the option of a
kidney transplant. Most experts agree that it is the
best option for people with
kidney failure. In general, people who have kidney
transplants live longer than people treated with dialysis.
You will probably be considered a good candidate if
you don't have significant heart, lung, or liver disease or other diseases, such as
cancer, which might decrease your life span.
There are some drawbacks. You may have to wait for a kidney to be donated. If so, you will need to
have dialysis while you wait. Also, it may be hard to find a good
match for your blood and tissue types. Sometimes, even when the match is good,
the body rejects the new kidney.
After a kidney
transplant, you will have to take medicines called immunosuppressants.
These medicines, such as cyclosporine or tacrolimus, help prevent your body
rejecting your new kidney.
Even if you take your medicines, there is a chance that
your body will reject your new kidney. If this happens, you will have to resume
dialysis or have another kidney transplant.
The success of the transplant also depends on what kind of donor kidney
you are receiving. The closer the donor kidney matches your genetic makeup, the
better the chances that your body will not reject it.
For more general information about transplant, see the
Organ Transplant.
A kidney transplant doesn't
guarantee that you will live longer than you would have without a new
Dialysis is a
mechanical process that performs the work that healthy kidneys would do. It
clears wastes and extra fluid from the body and restores the proper balance of
chemicals (electrolytes) in the blood. When
chronic kidney disease becomes so severe that your
kidneys are no longer working properly, you may need dialysis. You may use
dialysis to replace the work of the kidneys for many years. Or dialysis may be a
short-term measure while you are waiting for a kidney transplant.
two types of dialysis used to treat severe chronic kidney disease are
hemodialysis and
peritoneal dialysis.
you have severe chronic kidney disease but have not yet developed
kidney failure, talk to your doctor about which type
of dialysis would be best for you.
Learning about dialysis (predialysis education) is an important step in
preparing for dialysis. Most dialysis clinics offer predialysis services to
help you know about your choices.
Other Works Consulted
Barry JM, Conlin MJ (2012). Renal transplantation. In AJ Wein et al., eds., Campbell-Walsh Urology, 10th ed., vol. 2, pp. 1226-1253. Philadelphia: Saunders.
Correa-Rotter R, et al. (2012). Peritoneal dialysis. In MW Taal et al., eds., Brenner and Rector's The Kidney, 9th ed., vol. 2, pp. 2347-2377. Philadelphia: Saunders.
Fouque D, Mitch WE (2012). Dietary approaches to kidney disease. In MW Taal et al., eds., Brenner and Rector's The Kidney, 9th ed., vol. 2, pp. 2170-2204. Philadelphia: Saunders.
Kendrick J, et al, (2015). Kidney disease and maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 66(1): 55-59. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.11.019. Accessed August 26, 2015.
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes CKD Work Group (2013). KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International Supplements, 3(1): 1-150. Also available online: http://www.kdigo.org/clinical_practice_guidelines/ckd.php.
Kidney Disease: Improving
Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Update Work Group (2017). KDIGO 2017 clinical practice
guideline update for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic
kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney International Supplements, 7(1): 1-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kisu.2017.04.001. Accessed August 8, 2017.
Kopple JD (2014). Nutrition, diet, and the kidney. In AC Ross et al., eds., Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 11th ed., pp. 1330-1371. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins.
National Kidney Foundation (2015). KDOQI clinical practice guideline for hemodialysis adequacy: 2015 update. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 66(5): 884-930. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.07.015. Accessed January 8, 2016.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2008). 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (ODPHP Publication No. U0036). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Available online: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/default.aspx.
Whelton PK, et al. (2017). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, published online November 13, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006.
Accessed November 20, 2017.
Wilkens KG, et al. (2012). Medical nutrition therapy for renal disorders. In LK Mahan et al., eds., Krause's Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 13 ed., pp. 799-831. St Louis: Saunders.
Yeun JY, et al. (2012). Hemodialysis. In MW Taal et al., eds., Brenner and Rector's The Kidney, 9th ed., vol. 2, pp. 2294-2346. Philadelphia: Saunders.
ByHealthwise StaffPrimary Medical ReviewerAnne C. Poinier, MD - Internal MedicineE. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal MedicineAdam Husney, MD - Family MedicineKathleen Romito, MD - Family MedicineSpecialist Medical ReviewerTushar J. Vachharajani, MD, FASN, FACP - Nephrology
Current as ofFebruary 7, 2018
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February 7, 2018
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine
& E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine & Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & Tushar J. Vachharajani, MD, FASN, FACP - Nephrology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.
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It was October 1978, and it wasn't that long after the ceremonial puff of white smoke was visible before people saw the first signs that this new pope would be so very different. His charisma was palpable; his personality, engaging. His touch was that of the common people in his church.
He went on to become the first pope of the media age. Only two popes served longer than John Paul II.
It had been almost 500 years since the last non-Italian pope, before it was announced that Cardinal Karol Wojtyla of Krakow, Poland, would be known by the title Pope John Paul II.
"We are witnessing the global acceleration of that quest for freedom," the pope told the United Nations in 1979.
He saw himself as a contemporary successor to St. Peter. His mission, as he saw it, was to travel — leave the confines of the Vatican and minister to his flock. And he did. He crisscrossed six continents, visiting more than 130 countries. He gave new meaning to the jet age, traveling, by air, the equivalent of 28 trips around the globe. No single person on the planet has been seen by more people in person.
"I come as a friend, a friend of America," he said during a visit to Miami in 1987.
His life before becoming pope was an indicator to all that he would be a different kind of leader for the 1.1 billion Catholics around the world. Young Karol Wojtyla had been a factory worker, a playwright, an actor. He was a superb athlete -- an avid skier. He had seen first-hand, as a young man, the brutalization of Poland, the scourge of Nazism and communism, and it shaped his ideology, and later, his papacy.
"He knew Poland so well, and they trusted him," says Father Thomas Reese, editor of America Magazine. "They were willing to come out and put their lives on the line."
His leadership helped trigger a chain of events that would eventually lead to the fall of communism in the Soviet Union.
"He knew the vulnerability of communism from the inside," says NBC News Vatican analyst George Weigel. "He understood that the emperor had less clothes than the emperor imagined or even that many statesmen around the world imagined."
John Paul II became the model of pope as statesman. He was a constant advocate for peace, confronting world leaders and five U.S. presidents, including the current president, over the mission to topple Saddam Hussein, which the pope saw as an elective war that lacked moral justification.
"John Paul II became a kind of universal moral reference point — a great defender of the human rights of everyone," says Weigel.
He worried about what he saw as excesses of materialism in the prosperous West.
"It is we who must choose between evil and good," the pope told a Denver audience in 1993.
He worried, too, that newly liberated countries of Eastern Europe were following suit, turning away from religion.
"The faithful are constantly challenged by consumerism and a pleasure-seeking mentality," he told a crowd in Los Angeles in 1987.
But he never, ever watered down traditional Catholic doctrine as a way of trying to reach the disaffected. On his core beliefs, he would not waver.
Those who hoped for change on issues like celibacy, contraception and the ordination of women as priests would be profoundly disappointed. And yet, the pope's message of faith — in the face of a sometimes overwhelming popular culture — resonated with the world's youth.
"You are young and the pope is old," he said at World Youth Day in Toronto in 2002.
Something about him seemed to have a magical hold on them.
"He held the bar of expectation high and said to young people, 'don't ever settle for anything less than the spiritual and moral greatness of which, with God's grace, you are capable,'" says Weigel.
But even as he slowed down, as his vitality wavered, he remained one of the world's most popular leaders. The waning years of his papacy were filled with both religious and personal challenges, such as the sexual abuse scandals that roiled the church in America and Europe.
"Let us build a new future in which there will be no more anti-Jewish feeling among Christians and no more anti-Christian feeling among Jews," said the pope at Jerusalem's Yad Vashem holocaust memorial in 2000.
He reached out to Jews, Muslims and Russian Orthodox, to try to bridge the East-West divide, and results were mixed. But he remained indomitable.
His suffering was sad to watch. Parkinson's disease, debilitating arthritis and the many after-effects of the assassination attempt that nearly killed him in 1981. Many westerners openly wondered if he was receiving the best medical care. But the pope truly believed it was part of life's journey, and even that connected him further with so many older Catholics.
He appointed all but three of the cardinals who will now choose the man to replace him. He canonized more saints than all his predecessors combined. His legacy is unshakable.
Those of us who were present on the day he commemorated the 25th anniversary of his papacy in October 2003 saw that he appeared to be saying goodbye, in his way, to an eternal faith and a world profoundly changed, in part, because he lived in it.
© 2013 NBCNews.com Reprints

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text: This 2011 edition of The World Nuclear Industry Status Report, commissioned by the Worldwatch Institute, contains basic information about nuclear power plants in operation, under construction, and in planning stages throughout the world. Based on global studies, it evaluates past and current economic performance of nuclear power and compares it with leading renewable energy sources. A large section of the report is devoted to a country-by-country analysis of nuclear programs. The forward, by energy expert Amory Lovins, asserts that new nuclear builds are unnecessary and uneconomical, and the contents of the report support that assertion. Numerous tables and graphs accompany the presentation of detailed information on the current and future global reactor fleets. The report is supported by extensive endnotes. The webpage that provides access to a PDF of the full report also contains a summary of the report's findings.


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WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) - U.S. regulators on Monday fined Standard Chartered STAN, +0.98% $327 million in a prosecution that includes alleged incomplete responses to bank examiner inquiries and insufficient oversight of the firm's anti-money laundering efforts. The Federal Reserve issued a $100 million fine as part of the agreement, which it said is one of the largest penalties it has assessed for such a practice. In a coordinated action, the Department of Justice and the District Attorney for New York County announced that Standard Chartered will pay $227 million in forfeiture. Standard Chartered was added last month to a list compiled by a group of international regulators of systemically important banks. The U.K.-based bank, which focuses on emerging markets, said earlier in December it will likely pay roughly $330 million in fines to settle with U.S. authorities over transactions with Iranian clients that may have violated U.S. sanctions.
Regulators fine Standard Chartered $327 million
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With over 100 different needle configurations, the Killer Ink Precision needle cartridge range will have your requirements covered! Each cartridge goes through rigorous quality control checks to ensure they meet your standards every time! Every single needle is examined to make sure only the best make it through the selection process. The cartridges are fitted with a secure membrane, which ensures that no ink or blood can pass through in to the grip. A smooth contoured tip allows the needle to glide effortlessly through the cartridge; the tip is also completely transparent, providing you with maximum visibility enabling you to concentrate clearly on tattooing!
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merge-router-config – Backtrack 5 – Vulnerability Assessment – Network Assessment – Cisco Tools – merge-router-config
The merge-router-config menu item in Backtrack Linux, which is located in the Backtrack Menu ( Backtrack > Vulnerability Assessment > Network Assessment > Cisco Tools ), allows you to make changes to a Cisco router configuration file and merge those changes to a Cisco router. You should be extremely careful with this script as it will make changes to the target Cisco router. Below we describe the tool in more detail and show examples of merging a router configuration file to a Cisco 861 router.


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This weekend was my annual get-together with my college pals, and while I'm never happy to miss a Mets game, Mets-Royals is about as missable as it gets.
Like my blog partner, I have nothing against the Royals — in fact, I have a certain distracted, information-free affection for them. Back in the late 1970s, a Kansas City Royals cap was the first thing I ever bought with my own money, which arrived a few days before my birthday with a note from my grandparents. My parents took me to Herman's Sporting Goods at the Smith Haven Mall, and I returned with a deep blue hat with a white KC on it, to the bafflement of friends, neighbors and myself. Maybe I bought a Royals cap as some sort of youthful rebellion against Yankee hegemony, since they were the fated October opponent back then. Or maybe I bought a Royals cap because that was where my eye had alighted when I panicked and decided I had to make up my mind what to buy or my parents would take me home and I'd have nothing.
Let's say I bought the Royals cap out of youthful rebellion and all that. It sounds better.
Anyway, I noted in passing that the Mets had beaten the Royals in extras one night and lost in extras the next night and David Wright had departed for the foreseeable future. Our friends dispersed and it was early Sunday afternoon and frankly it sounded pretty nice to spend a couple of hours watching the further-reduced Mets try to knock off the thoroughly anonymous Royals.
Which is where everything went wrong.
You know how in "A Clockwork Orange" Alex is temporarily cured of his drooglike ways through aversion therapy, forced to watch violent movies with his eyelids propped open until mere images make him sick? Well, if for some reason I ever need to be forcibly separated from baseball, this is the game the re-education police should pick. I think two showings of this debacle would leave me screaming and retching at the first stanza of "Take Me Out to the Ballgame."
I mean, what a travesty. The fifth inning was the obviously excruciating part, with Marlon Byrd losing balls in the sun and John Buck chasing balls behind the plate and Royals running pell-mell around the bases — by my count Met incompetence gave Kansas City nine extra bases, which is enough to take you from incredulous to furious to numb to resigned to accepting and then back around again. Yes, Byrd's been a wonderful find and a good leader and all that, but the Royals were playing with the same G2 star up there the same 93 million miles away, and they didn't give the Mets any extra bases. The Mets are always tired, or beat up, or whatever the excuse happens to be, but the maladie du jour never seems to give the other guys any trouble, and I'm sick of it.
The less immediately infuriating but ultimately more aggravating part is realizing that with David Wright the Mets are a mediocre team but without him they're fricking horrible, which is the kind of thing we all should immediately grasp but tend to forget. Wright is so modest and classy and consistent that we discount him unfairly — OK, sure, maybe he's vanilla, but he's the super-high-end rare Tahitian vanilla that bearded dudes here in Brooklyn sell for $18 a pint and you rhapsodize about it until all your friends are either bored into a stupor or have trucked down to Gowanus or up to Bushwick to wait in line and buy their own.
For the next month the Mets will be serving Safeway Select, and the idea of a steady diet of this is dispiriting to say the least. As Ron and Gary talked about various Frankenstein defenses of Daniel Murphy, Josh Satin, Wilmer Flores, Justin Turner, Ike Davis and Lucas Duda I found my spirits sinking until I wanted to burrow into the earth. Which combination of these players at which positions would be best? None of them, frankly — the whole thing makes me want to hibernate until Opening Day 2014.
I mean, OK, if I had to pick I'd call up Flores to play third, put Duda at first and pretend Ike doesn't exist. But just watch the Mets return Duda to left, move Young to second and send Murphy to third, making sure every defensive position is as weak as it can possibly be. You know they're going to do it — the only mystery is what crackpot rationale they'll come with to try and sell it.


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3rd Quarter Chemistry Fashion ShowIdea by Squid Bait | added on Aug 28, 2011 11:32PM Collaboration
What better way to get the general public and kids interested in chemistry than with a chemistry fashion show.
This is a great classroom activity where students research the materials that they will wear for the show. They write a brief description of the chemical significance of the material for the announcer. The timeline begins from pre-historic to present to even postulating what will become of the future. It includes recycled materials, accessories and anything else that the imagination brings.
Aug 29, 2011 11:52AM
This is a great idea.....It's excisting and appealing for all generations......i really loved it
Want to post your own idea or comment?
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Join the IYC Network


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genetic(redirected from transposable genetic elements)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal.
Related to transposable genetic elements: jumping gene, Transposons
1. pertaining to reproduction or to birth or origin.
2. inherited.
genetic code the arrangement of nucleotides in the polynucleotide chain of a chromosome; it governs the transmission of genetic information to proteins, i.e., determines the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain making up each protein synthesized by the cell. Genetic information is coded in DNA by means of four bases: two purines (adenine and guanine) and two pyrimidines (thymine and cystosine). Each adjacent sequence of three bases (a codon) determines the insertion of a specific amino acid. In RNA, uracil replaces thymine.
genetic map
1. the location of mutations along the length of a chromosome, as determined by recombination experiments. The unit of length is the centimorgan (cM), one crossover per meiosis.
2. the sequence of base pairs along the DNA of a chromosome, a technique being applied to humans.
genetic marker a gene having alleles that are all expressed in the phenotype, that is, they are codominant, and which can be used to study inheritance. The various blood group systems and serum or red blood cell proteins easily detected by electrophoresis or immunodiffusion are commonly used markers.
Pertaining to genetics; genetical.
genetic/ge·net·ic/ (jĕ-net´ik)
1. pertaining to or determined by genes.
2. pertaining to reproduction or to birth or origin.
genetic(jə-nĕt′ĭk) also
a. Of or relating to genetics or genes.
b. Affecting or determined by genes: genetic diseases.
ge·net′i·cal·ly adv.
Etymology: Gk, genesis, origin
1 pertaining to reproduction, birth, or origin.
2 pertaining to genetics or heredity.
3 pertaining to or produced by a gene; inherited.
geneticadjective Referring to genes; inherited.
Pertaining to genetics; genetical.
geneticof or relating to genes.
The term refers to genes, the basic units of biological heredity, which are contained on the chromosomes, and contain chemical instructions which direct the development and functioning of an individual.
Mentioned in: Amniocentesis, Blood Clots, Hyperlipoproteinemia
1. pertaining to reproduction or to birth or origin.
2. inherited.
genetic abnormality
inherited defect, which may or may not be congenital.
genetic analysis
analysis of breeding and pedigree records to establish degrees of relationship between single animals and groups of animals. Segregation analysis with full-sibling families is an obvious technique.
genetic code
the manner in which the arrangement of nucleotides in the polynucleotide chain of a chromosome governs the transmission of genetic information to proteins, i.e. determines the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain making up each protein synthesized by the cell. Genetic information is coded in DNA by means of four bases (two purines: adenine and guanine; and two pyrimidines: thymine and cystosine). Each adjacent sequence of three bases (a codon) determines which of the 20 amino acids will be inserted into the nascent polypeptide.
genetic complementation
see complementation.
genetic control of inherited disease
consists of preventing carrier animals from contributing their genes to succeeding generations of the population of which they are members.
genetic correlation
a change in an unselected character resulting from selection of another character during a breeding program.
genetic defects
defects of function or structure passed on from parents to offspring. Inherited defects.
genetic determination
see broad-sense heritability.
genetic disease resistance
inherited resistance to diseases caused by non-hereditary risk factors.
genetic dominance
see dominance (2).
genetic drift
see antigenic drift.
genetic engineering
the manipulation of genes by recombinant DNA technologies to produce chromosomal combinations that are unlikely to occur by natural means, for example the introduction of genes for insulin into a yeast cell which then produces insulin which can be purified and used as a therapeutic substance. See also recombinant DNA technology.
genetic etiology
disease caused by inheritance of specific disease without the intervention of other risk factors; established by strongly positive relationship in terms of genes held in common between the affected patient and other affected individuals.
genetic evaluation
assessment, for predictive purposes, of productive improvement or conformational characteristics, of the gain to be derived by the use of the animal in question in a breeding program.
genetic expressivity
see expressivity.
genetic heterogeneity
demonstrated by the way in which more than one disease with identical clinical signs can be inherited.
genetic immunization
use of a cloned genetically engineered gene with an encoded antigen to immunize the host against that antigen. See also DNA vaccine.
genetic map
the linear arrangement of genes along a chromosome. Called also linkage map.
genetic merit
inherited productivity or performance qualities.
mobile genetic elements
see transposable genetic elements (below).
genetic penetrance
see penetrance.
genetic production potential
inherited productivity but still influenced by environmental risk factors.
genetic resistance
genetically determined resistance to specified infectious agents.
genetic selection
selection of animals as breeding stock on the basis of known inherited characteristics.
transposable genetic elements
pieces of DNA varying in length from a few hundred to tens of thousands of base pairs found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that move from place to place in the chromosomes of a single cell; some are viruses. Called also mobile genetic elements or transposons.
genetic variance
that portion of the phenotypic variance of a trait in a population which can be attributed to genetic difference amongst individuals.
Patient discussion about genetic
Q. Are there genetic factors involving allergies? My entire family suffers from different allergies. It is clear that there is a connection, is that true?
A. The risk of allergic sensitization and the development of allergies varies with age, with young children most at risk. It is known that there is a strong genetic relation and allergies are usually common among family members. Ethnicity may play a role in some allergies, however racial factors have been difficult to separate from environmental influences and changes due to migration.
Q. Is celiac genetic? I have one son with celiac disease from my first marriage and me second wife is now pregnant,I was wondering what are the chances for this soon to be born daughter of mine to have celiac as well- if I maybe carry the genetic flaw and is there a way to find out?
A. Celiac disease is a very common illness (about 1 in a 100 people suffer from it in different levels), and it is known to have a strong genetic connection. However, there is not one specific mutation that you can get genetic testing to see if you are carrying it. Your soon to be born daughter will have a higher chance than the regular population to suffer from the disease, but it does not necessarily mean she will.
Q. is Bipolar genetic?
A. Bipolar disorder has a very strong genetic background: The approximate lifetime risk of this disease in relatives of a bipolar patient is 40 to 70 percent for a monozygotic (identical) twin and 5 to 10 percent for a first degree relative, compared with 0.5 to 1.5 percent for an unrelated person.More discussions about genetic


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- Reviews
- Features
The perfect USB-C to Micro USB Charge and Sync Cable that can also be used as a charging cable with any USB car or wall charger. USB Type-C, or more commonly referred to as USB-C, is quickly becoming the new industry standard connector used for connectivity and power. The USB-C connector is tiny, extremely fast and reversible.
- USB Type-C 2.0 connector
- Hassle-free, reversible USB-C connector
- Micro USB
- Constructed using Eco-friendly materials
- Available in Black or White
- 4 ft. length
Compatibility: LG G6, LG V20, Samsung Galaxy Note8, Samsung Galaxy S8, Samsung Galaxy S8+, Samsung Galaxy S9, Samsung Galaxy S9+, Universal
Designed in California
30 Day Money Back Guarantee
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Amazon.com is out today with its list of the Best Books of 2011, its editors' picks of the top 100 titles of the year. This is less than a week after the company rolled out its new Kindle Owners' Lending Library, allowing Amazon Prime subscribers to borrow one book a month.
So how many of the top 100 books of the year are eligible for borrowing via Amazon Prime? By my count, a whopping two.
After sifting through the entire list, the books "What Is It Like To Go To War," published by Atlantic Monthly Press and "Carry Yourself Back to Me" from Amazon Publishing's AmazonEncore imprint were the only two Prime-eligible Kindle books I could find in the top 100.
Of course, we knew that Amazon was at a disadvantage in rolling out the Kindle lending library. The top six book publishers have declined to take part in the program, limiting the quantity of Kindle books eligible for Prime lending to a little more than 5,000 titles. Amazon says Prime-eligible titles include more than 100 current and former New York Times bestsellers.
However, the dearth of Prime-eligible Kindle books on Amazon's own Top 100 list shows that the big book publishers control not just the vast majority of titles but also most of the best new titles.
The Seattle company is trying to give itself leverage and flexibility by launching its own publishing imprints and signing high-profile authors. The separate Kindle lending program through public libraries offers a larger collection of books — more than 27,000 through the Seattle Public Library, for example.
But for now, at least, this type of thing makes the new Amazon Prime Kindle lending program feel more like a novelty than something hard-core book readers can truly rely on to stay up to speed.


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Your SPCA for Monterey County also offers a wide variety of services to the community, including low cost spay, neuter and vaccination services, wildlife rescue and rehabilitation, disaster preparedness and response, affordable and fun dog and puppy training classes, animal cruelty and neglect investigation and rescue, sheltering of lost pets, and so much more. Visit our services page to learn more! You can also join our team as a volunteer, make a donation to support our animal rescues, or adopt a new pet today.
Are you and your pets prepared in case of disaster or emergency? Learn how The SPCA can help keep your family and pets safe with tips, kit checklists, and more here.


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How to Use
the Readings
Inquiry Question
Reading 4: Archeology in the Guard Camp
After the Civil War, the site of the Confederate guard camp became an agricultural field and was used to grow pine trees. It remained in this use through the 20th century. Plowing of the field over the years created a thick "plow zone," the upper layer of soil disturbed by the plow. This layer was about 30 centimeters thick and lay on top of a light-colored, undisturbed soil. In general, plow zones very often contain "artifacts," which are objects made, used, or modified by people. Plowing moves artifacts around, so archeologists do not know where they were originally located. An artifact's position in the soil relative to other artifacts is called its "context." An artifact's context is very important in using it to learn about the past.
Questions for Reading 4
Reading 4 was adapted from Paul G. Avery and Patrick H. Garrow, Phase III Archaeological Investigations at 38FL2, The Florence Stockade, Florence, South Carolina (Knoxville, TN, MACTEC Engineering, 2008).
1 "From the State Reserves," Camp Prison, Florence, S.C., Oct. 7, 1864, E. http://www.oocities.org/sc_seedcorn/Bn03SC_Eccles.html.
2 "From the Reserve Forces," Camp Prison, Florence, S.C., Nov. 4, 1864, E. http://www.oocities.org/sc_seedcorn/Bn03SC_Eccles.html.


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Google Makes Its Replicant Phone Even Creepier
It was unsettling enough that Google named its Nexus One after bio-mechanical humanoids from the dystopian future. Now it's rumored to be issuing the smartphone to secretive genetic scientists inside its office. Chalk up another cozy, kooky 23AndMe deal.
We've heard through the Silicon Valley grapevine that 23AndMe issued all employees a free Nexus One. It's not clear whether Google outright gifted the phones to the genetic testing startup, or sold them in bulk to 23AndMe for use as an employee fringe benefit.
But Google is so tightly intertwined with 23AndMe that it doesn't really matter. 23AndMe was co-founded by Anne Wojcicki, wife of Google co-founder Sergey Brin; it has taken repeated investments from Google; it leases office space from Google; and it uses zeppelins from a company Google appears to be heavily tied to.
So count this as the latest example of how Google money and favors circulate to a large diaspora of company friends and back again to Google, through wives, in-laws, ex-employees, consultants, ex-consultants, blimp companies, NASA — the whole thing can get positively byzantine.
Of course, this isn't nearly as bad as that time Brin apparently funneled a tax-free investment to his wife's 23AndMe via Michael J. Fox's charity, but it's another piece of evidence in the pile to show how Google and its buddies could be handling these relationships more carefully, if only to avoid the appearance of so many conflicts of interest.
At the very least, 23AndMe should publish a blog post reassuring the world it has not been enlisted to help upgrade the next Nexus model with superior, genetically-derived Replicant technology. After all, the Nexus 1 was followed by at least six more models. And we know 23AndMe could use the cash.


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You can use DSCC to perform this task. For information, see Directory Service Control Center Interface and the DSCC online help.
Create a data source for each LDAP server as described in Creating and Configuring LDAP Data Sources.
Create two data source pools as described in Creating and Configuring LDAP Data Source Pools.
Attach the data sources that contain dc=example1,dc=com to data-source-pool-1, and the data sources that contain dc=example2,dc=com to data-source-pool-2, as described in Attaching LDAP Data Sources to a Data Source Pool.
(Optional) Configure load balancing.
For information, see Configuring Load Balancing.
Create a data view with a base DN at dc=example1,dc=com that refers to data-source-pool-1.
$ dpconf create-ldap-data-view -h host1 -p 1389 dataview-1 \ data-source-pool-1 dc=example1,dc=com
Create another data view with a base DN at dc=example2,dc=com that refers to data-source-pool-2.
$ dpconf create-ldap-data-view -h host1 -p 1389 dataview-2 \ data-source-pool-1 dc=example2,dc=com
The other properties of the data views are the same as the default data view in Default Data View.
If necessary, restart the instance of Directory Proxy Server for the changes to take effect.
For information about restarting Directory Proxy Server, see To Restart Directory Proxy Server.


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Operating System
Main Memory
Hard Disk Drive
Optical Disc Drive
Wireless Connection
Keyboard/Input Device
Battery Life
Included Software
Supplied Accessories
Features and specifications are subject to change without notice.
*1 CPU speed will be reduced under certain operating conditions.
*2 Intel® Virtualization Technology is not supported on VAIO.
*3 If memory modules of the same capacity are installed to both of the two memory module slots, the supported dual channel mode provides better performance.
*4 Sony does not guarantee compatibility with memories of other brands.
*5 GB means one billion bytes when referring to hard drive capacity. Accessible capacity may vary. A portion of hard disk space is reserved as a recovery partition.
*6 Compatibility confirmed with Sony branded "Memory Stick" media only.
*7 The copyright protection of the SD memory card is not supported.
*8 The maximum communication distance can vary depending on the obstacles or the distance between the communication devices, the radio waves, the operating system or the software being used.
*9 The communication speed varies depending on the distance between communication devices, existence of obstacles between such devices, the device configuration, the radio conditions, and the software in use. In addition, communication may be cut off depending on the radio conditions.
*10 Estimated battery life (under JEITA Battery Run Time Measurement Method (ver.1.0).)
Actual battery life may vary with different operating conditions and settings. For further details, please visit vaio‑online.sony.com
*11 Though the software is not pre‑installed, the official license is registered. It can be downloaded free of charge.
*12 This software is intended for evaluation purposes only. It must be activated before actual use, and the activation procedures will be detailed during initial launch.
Activation requires Internet access, which enables certain functions included.
This software has an expiration date of 60 days from date of first use, at which time the software will operate under reduced‑functionality mode, limiting options and operations.
*13 Free use of 90 days. Further update will be charged.
*14 This product may only function with a genuine Sony battery designed for this model.
*15 Warranty conditions may vary by region.
The trademarks, including but not limited to "SONY", "VAIO", "Memory Stick" and "SonicStage" are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Sony Corporation and/or its subsidiaries.
Adobe, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Reader and Adobe Premiere are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries.
Centrino, Centrino Inside, Centrino Logo, Core Inside, Intel, Intel Logo, Intel Core, Intel Inside, Intel Inside Logo, Pentium and Pentium Inside are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries.
Windows, Windows Vista, the Windows logo and Microsoft are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
All other product and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
Whilst information given is true at time of printing, small production changes in the course of our company's policy of improvement through research and design might not necessarily be included in the specifications. E&OE. Actual models may differ slightly in appearance to illustrations provided.


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- Reprioritizing
- Letting go of the unnecessary
- Creating more time
- Enjoying what I have
- Reevaluating
- Simplify
- Thrifting does make me happy and brings me some fun and joy. I recently have learned how important that is. Of course I have always known that but, to live it makes it really hit home! And just to make this very clear (for anyone who is tempted to say something like, "you can't find real happiness in material things"), my joy comes from the actual thrifting. Not from owning or keeping things. I know this and that is why I am going to continue, even more stringently, selling, throwing away or donating.
- Recognizing the difference between WANTS and NEEDS.
- WANTS are okay. We are human and we all want certain things. It's natural. And they can bring us joy. But, they won't bring us true joy if it hurts our family or home.
- NEEDS are things we have to have for whatever reason. I try to thrift NEEDS as much as possible. That way I have a little extra money for WANTS or other NEEDS. A recent example of this is our business. We need office supplies. But, to me, they don't have to be expensive retail supplies. A three ring binder is just a three ring binder. I don't care what it looks like or who makes it. I just need it to be functional. Starting off a new year, I needed more binders for our business. Here they are at Office Max…
3 of them came with dividers, pockets etc.
Yellow sticker day made each of these .34 cents! Huge savings from buying retail. By saving, it allows me to keep more money in my business account for things that come up that I can't thrift.
- Letting go of the Unnecessary & Reevaluating ~ Am I ready to pass this treasure along for someone else to enjoy? I try not to get attached to things. I enjoy them for what they are at the moment. I use them, play with them and smile. But, it is no longer necessary for me to keep each of these things. I will always have fun finding other new to me treasures. Is it time to let someone else use them, play with them and smile?
- Creating more time ~ This is a biggie! I am not referring to the time spent thrifting. I am referring to the time spent dealing with my thrifted treasures. Once I have used them and played with them and enjoyed them, where do they go? Do I have a specific spot for them? Am I having to "make" room for them and therefore taking up valuable space that is actually needed for something else? You may be asking how these things equal Creating more time. Let's talk about that. How much time do you spend trying to create more space for your treasures? Are you having to juggle this and that around in order to store these items? Are you taking up valuable space that could and should be used for something else in your home? Are you paying to store it?
Not only does time equal money, it means you are taking time away from more important things.
So getting Back to Basics (BTB) means all these concepts to me when it comes to thrifting : Reprioritizing, Letting go of the unnecessary, Creating more time, Enjoying what I have, Reevaluating and Simplify.
I am updating the old rule, "For everything you bring into your home, you must get rid of one thing." I am going to get rid of TWO things for every one thing I keep. It can be something as simple as getting rid of a book or magazine. It will help me stay on top of not "gathering things".
Am I going to continue to thrift? Of course I am! But, I will keep my "BTB" in mind. So, that is why 2013 will be my letting go of treasures year. It's time to simplify.
I'm joining:
Homemaking Link-Up
Grateful Sunday
Homemaking Linkup Wednesdays


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Years ago, Charlie Moores coined the colorful term "manky mallard" to describe the motley menagerie of feral and domestic mallards (If you're wondering, manky means many things in British parlance from dirty and disgusting to inferior and worthless.) Here at 10,000 Birds, we've always celebrated odd ducks, which means manky mallards feel right at home!
How varied are the forms of Anas platyrhynchos? You'd be surprised. You might first consider the mallard complex and the unseemly hullabaloo of hybrid mallards. However, the malleability of the mallard gene really shines through the dazzling diversity of domestic mallards…
Abacot Ranger or Streicher ducks are often referred to as hooded rangers because of the buff feathering of the hen's head. The ranger drake sports a brown cowl as well as a dappled chestnut chest. Both have white bodies.
Ancona ducks are among the mankiest of the domestic ducks with mottled monochromatic plumage. Anconas forage actively despite their flightlessness.
The Aylesbury duck was the original white farm duck of Europe, before the Pekin toppled it from its lofty perch. Aylesbury birds are pure white with orange legs, but distinguished from Pekins by their pink bills.
BUFF ORPINGTON or BUFF
Buff Orpington ducks are drab ducks named for the buffy coloration of the females. The male has a brown hood and buff body. Buff Orpington also describes a breed of barnyard chicken.
female Buff Orpington in Salida, CO © Miles Groth
Probable Buff Orpington hen flanked by a Ganky Goose and Duclair drake
Manky mixed flock in NY © Jay Richmond
Call ducks are quite compact, smaller than any other domestic and wild mallards. Thanks to their modest proportions, these mini-mallards are better flyers than other mankies.
The Cayuga duck takes the striking metallic green plumage of a wild mallard drake's cowl and wears it from tip to tail. In fact, Cayuga males and females both flaunt this dramatic feathering. Interestingly, the entire breed of black ducks, as Cayugas are called, can be traced to a single pair raised in Duchess County, NY.
Crested Cayuga from Dallas/Ft. Worth © Lisette Lebaillif
Duclair ducks are classic manky Mallards with green heads, white bibs, and solid brown, black, or even blue-gray bodies. The distinction between Duclairs and the rarer Pommeranians is lost on me.
Brownie and Greenie, probably an Abacot Ranger and a Duclair © Bonnie Shulman
INDIAN RUNNERS or RUNNERS
Indian Runners appear attenuated, as if someone stretched a regular duck on a rack. These upright feathered bowling pins come in a variety of colors.
Indian Runners © Lisette Lebaillif
These lovelies look like Black Indian Runner x Cayuga. Photo © Karen Davis
Khaki Campbell ducks, named for both their primary color and the original breeder, bear a superficial resemblance to wild Mallards. However, their oddly-shaped, heavy bodies and drab plumage give them away. Females have distinctive dark heads and bills.
Khaki Campbell Hen in Central Park © Jay Richmond
Magpie ducks , much like actual magpies, make the scene in brilliant black and white, although variations exisit. Magpies are distinguished from Anconas by their more predictable patterning, which includes a smart black tonsure. Magpie ducks don't bulk up as much as many domestic breeds do.
Magpie duck © Meredith Matthews
Pekin ducks embody exactly what most people envision as the classic domesticated duck. These barnyard beauties have large pure white bodies with orange bills and feet.
Rouens look a lot like Mallards stuffed with more Mallards, which is to say they are much heavier than their wild kin. In fact, most Rouens can barely fly
This photo © Mia McPherson of on the wing photography (used with permission) shows how a Rouen differs subtly from a wild Mallard: look for overall beefiness, a sloping forehead, and almost perfect plumage!
Saxony duck drakes look like large, faded wild Mallards but the females and young are far more fetching in their fawn-colored plumage with white facial markings.
Sexy Saxony hen from the Grantham Canal at West Bridgford, Nottingham © Mike Fuller
Looks like a Saxony hen © Corey Finger
Swedish ducks are heavy bodied, bibbed birds that appear in different shades of blue, gray, and black.
Blue Swedish (x Call?) duck at Slimbridge Wetland Centre in Gloucestershire (c) Mike Fuller
Black Swedish Duck at South River in Marshfield, MA © Mary Rittal
One of the most fascinating finds when watching domestic ducks is the odd duck flaunting what appears to be a large powder puff, cotton ball, or afro on its head. These are called Crested Ducks and are sometimes considered their own manky breed. However, the crest is actually the manifestation of a mutation; the crest is formed from fatty tissue that seeps through a gap in the bird's deformed skull. Sounds grisly, but the mutation clearly isn't fatal, though it can lead to health and balance issues. At least it looks cool!
I spotted this Crested Blue Swedish duck at Kenneth Hahn State Recreation Area in Los Angeles.
Council Bluffs, Iowa must have something funny in its water, if these ducks are any indication:
Pekins, Crested Pekins, and Khaki Campbell © Dan Hudson
Try to guess the breeds of the manky procession below. Scroll over the photo for the ID:
Just because a duck looks odd doesn't mean it's manky.
This Mallard, captured by Mike Fuller at the Arundel Wetland Centre in the UK, flaunts a bib. However, the bib alone doesn't make the duck domestic as bibs do occur very rarely in wild Mallards. On the other hand, the drake's bulk suggest a certain degree of mankiness.
This striking female Mallard, snapped by Renee R at Richfield Lake in Richfield, MN, certainly stands out. But is she manky? She's probably just leucistic, which means she has reduced pigmentation.
The faded fellow above, photographed by Corey, is a wild Mallard enduring a total eclipse of the plumage. Eclipse plumage is a phenomenon mostly associated with male ducks wherein they moult into a dull, female-like plumage once the breeding season is over.
Manky mallards are most certainly born that way, as mankiness manifests from the breeding and interbreeding of domestic mallards. If you're looking for proof, feast your eyes on Corey's analysis of Mallard Ducklings: Manky and Not.
Not every odd duck at your local lake deserves to be dubbed manky. Some of these weird waterfowl aren't even Mallards…
If you see a duck like this one I captured many years ago in New York's Central Park, you've encountered not a Mallard, but a domestic Muscovy Duck. Manky Muscovies are another story entirely!
*** Have you seen any manky mallards lately? ***
If you have great photos of manky mallards you'd like us to add to this gallery, send them to mike AT 10000birds DOT com!
"What are the different species of domestic duck?"
Species Mike? Subsequent Muscovy reference notwithstanding surely breed/type would be more accurate.
PS – hit post before I'd finished and meant to add:
a) cool (and rather complete) post;
b) that leuc female is rather pretty; and
c) has that blue swedish cross got some hybrid in it. beak looks a bit wood ducky…
Mike, this is a lovely post, indeed. A small remark: the wild male on the third photo from above has a bit of a pale breast and lacks the white collar, so it might have some mankyness in it, too.
Of course not, Mike. I may be odd, and singular, and different, and confused by gulls, but manky? 🙂
I saw two manky ones at NY Botanical Garden in Bronx a couple weeks ago. Those were cow color patterned (patchy black and white) and swimming with bunch of Mallards. If I had known that this article was coming, I would have kept my photos to send one to you, Mike!
Cow-patterned suggests the breed known as Magpie.
I see Manky Ducks all the time at Flushing Meadows Park. I didn't know they had names. Thank you. Now, I can stop calling them ugly ducks and assuming they look weird from the polluted water. I'll have to take a cheat sheet with me, that's a lot of manky duck breeds!
Oh good, at first glance I thought you said Queens birders may be mutants. I would then have to put my New Jersey Audubon hat on.
i love ducks to be my pets since i was a kid i used to buy a dozen of ducklings…. i hope i could have different species specially the Mandarin.. soooo cutiiiiieeeee … ^_^
i have a male black east indian/labrador duck, and a female cayuga, & wondered if it were possible for them to mate?! can a call duck sized male mount a good sized cayuga?
OK, I've got a problem. I have a pet duck, and I can't figure out what type of breed/species/hybrid whatever he is.
at first I thought he might be a rouen, due to his mallard like appearance during the winter, but there's a problem; rouens don't go into the eclipse plumage from what I've heard…
and also, no matter what time of the year it is, he always retains some mottled brown plumage on his stomach, breast, and neck (completely mottled on the belly though) he also lacks the white neck ring and has a very green bill, not greenish yellow, but quite literally green, with a brownish tinge to it.
so basically, he has a mostly chestnut/rufous breast, grey wings coverts with a brown and black wash, brown primaries, grey-brown wings, purple/green-blue speculums, a mostly green head with brown flecks, a blackish brown tail, green black upper/undertail coverts and back, almost completely solid brown scapulars, grey flanks, brown eyebrows, and a mottled stomach. his legs are the typical orange color, and his bill is that weird gang-green color. he also has brown eyes. (not that it matters) during the summer months till about November, he looks almost exactly like a female mallard other than dark green-black feathers on his nape, crown, and a stripe running from his bill to well past the eye. also his tail and back never changes, nor his wings, speculums, or stomach.
he's about 26 inches long bill to tail, and weighs about 15 pounds
one more thing, he's about three or four years old too. I'm not sure if he'll become more rouen like or stay the same…
so, does anybody know what kind of duck he is? and if so, how long he'll live?
Beautiful pix!
Oh my god, i see soooooo many wrong things here, i dont know were to start!
1. http://10000birds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/bufforpington.jpg
Answer: This is NOT a Orpington duck. I think its a cross.
Here are 100% pure Orpingtons: http://d1j96f25uhu3hg.cloudfront.net/images/breeds/ducks/orpington/pictures/Buff-Orpington-Ducks.jpg
Answer: The white one is not a goose! Its a duck! i think its a peking duck, white champell duck or aylesbury duck.
3. http://10000birds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/brownieandgreenie.jpg
Answer: Its not an acobat ranger, its the colour apricot snowy and acobat rangers are just snowy (not apricot)
4. http://10000birds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/magpieduck.jpg
Answer: This is a Muscovy hybrid, look at the pink bill!
5. http://10000birds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/mallardswildandrouen1.jpg
Answer: Rouenducks are not so small! They are 3 times bigger than mallards! GOOGLE.
6. http://10000birds.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/saxonyhen1.jpg
Answer: NOT a Saxony! Here are a picture on a 100% pure saxony female: http://www.holderreadfarm.com/photogallery/saxony_page/Sx_Oct2806_N69.jpg
7. http://10000birds.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/slimbridgemysteryduck2.jpg
Answer: Not a blue swede, i think call duck x mallard or something like that. Its to small for swedish blue.
8. http://10000birds.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/mallardrittal.jpg
Answer: Again, Muscovy hybrid, look att the bill.
Thanx for sharing your outstanding illustrations above!
( ')>
so basically, he has a mostly chestnut/rufous breast, grey wings coverts with a brown and black wash, brown primaries, grey-brown wings, purple/green-blue speculums, a mostly green head with brown flecks, a blackish brown tail, green black upper/undertail coverts and back, almost completely solid brown scapulars, grey flanks, brown eyebrows, and a mottled stomach. his legs are the typical orange color, and his bill is that weird gang-green color.
[…] There has been almost no time for birding, but I did find an unusual mallard while walking along the banks of the Ostravice River. My thanks to Clinton Nienhaus who helped me with ID'ing this bird. I never knew there were so many mallard variations! […]
Thanx for sharing your outstanding article
Several of these photos and descriptions are incorrect. Sad to see that its still like this so many years after the article was made.
© 2013 10,000 Birds. All words, images, and opinions are the property of their respective authors unless stated otherwise.


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I'm not much of a gardener, myself, but if you know someone that is then you might want to pick up this tee for them from My Friend Moomba! Gabriel Schmand single handedly runs My Friend Moomba and he has an eclectic set of tees at his online store and each of them feature one recurring image – the Moomba mascot, the PandaBee! Super cute.Â
The Guardener is printed on a 100% Fine Jersey cotton Navy Blue Tee and is available for $18. Whats even better is that you get 5 Moomba buttons with every order, awesome. The purpletraitor and The Amazon are both available for $15.Â
Now say it with me: Moooooombaaaa!


text:
10. Retro Gaming On Real Backgrounds
A series of awesome pictures matching classic video game graphics to real backgrounds.
The Smoking Gun reports on the hot water the makers of the foot care product PedEgg is in. You know, the one in those cheap infomercials with all the dead skin shavings that look like cocaine?
8. The Lyrics To Daft Punk's "Around The World"
I think Bob Dylan wrote this.
7. The Worst Website Of All Time
Do not click if prone to seizures, nauseate easily, or are afraid of WTF sites that look like virus factories.
6. Guitar Hero Action Figures By McFarlane Toys
All your favorite characters from the popular game will be represented, along with little models of their fake-ass guitars.
5. "This Is Not A Pipe" Super Mario Print From Threadless
Magritte weeps, then says f**k it and moves on.
4. "Fat Guy Stuck In Internet"
3."Finding Nemo" Leads To Endangerment Of Clownfish Population
So a film about rotten little kids who imprison clownfish creates legion of rotten little kids imprisoning clownfish. Nelson says: "Ha-Ha!"
2. Dragon's Lair Turns 25 Years Old
1. No Ice On North Pole This Summer
We're screwed. Enjoy your weekend!


text:
Clive, Iowa Agricultural Lawyers
Samuel Kreamer
West Des Moines, IA Agricultural Law Attorney
(515) 727-0900University of Southern California, Drake University and Licensed as Certified Public AccountantIowaIowa State Bar
Dario Zaffarano
Ames, IA Agricultural Law Attorney
(515) 233-6960Hamline University School of LawIowa State UniversityIowaIowa State Bar
Edward E. Cox
Centerville, IA Agricultural Law Attorney
(641) 856-3251Drake UniversityMissouri State UniversityMissouri and IowaDrake University Law SchoolMissouri State Bar, Centerville Chamber of Commerce...
Jamie Linn Cox
Carroll, IA Agricultural Law Attorney
(712) 792-0001University of IowaUniversity of IowaIowa, Nebraska, U.S. District Court, District of Nebraska, U.S. District Court, Northern District of Iowa, U.S. District Court, Southern District of Iowa, U.S. Tax Court and U.S. Supreme CourtSuper Lawyers, Super Lawyers, National Academy Of Personal Injury Attorneys and Martindale HubbellIowa State Bar Association, Iowa State Bar Association...
Scott D Flynn
Keota, IA Agricultural Law Attorney
(641) 636-2220University of IowaIowa State UniversityIowaHoly Trinity Parish, Keota, IA, American Agricultural Law Association...
Daniel P Fischer
Harlan, IA Agricultural Law Attorney
(712) 755-2111University of IowaIowa State UniversityIowa and NebraskaIowa State Bar Association
Ethan Epley
Denver, IA Agricultural Law Attorney
(319) 984-5479Drake UniversityIowa State UniversityIowa Bar Association and Butler County Bar Association
Ronald F. Eich
Carroll, IA Agricultural Law Attorney
(712) 792-3424Creighton University School of LawCreighton UniversityIowa, US District Court ND Iowa, US District Court SD Iowa and U.S. Supreme Court
Scott Flynn
Iowa City, IA Agricultural Law Attorney
(319) 337-3167Iowa State University and University of IowaIowaIowa State Bar
J. Scott Edwards
Marengo, IA Agricultural Law Attorney
(319) 359-8255University of IowaUniversity of IowaIowaAmerican Bar Association and Muscatine County Bar Association
Jeana Louise Goosmann
SIOUX CITY, IA Agricultural Law Attorney
(712) 226-4000Creighton University School of LawUniversity of Nebraska - LincolnIowa, Nebraska and South DakotaIowa Organization of Women Attorneys (I.O.W.A.)Nebraska State Bar, Iowa State Bar Association...
Patrick Dillon
Sumner, IA Agricultural Law Attorney
(563) 578-1850Drake University Law SchoolIowa State UniversityIowa and Veterans Court of AppealsNortheast Iowa Area Health Education Center Advisory Board, Sumner Sunset Theatre...A Look at Ag Law and It Takes Money to Make Money: A Beginning Farmer's Loan Tool Box
Timothy Casperson
Lake Mills, IA Agricultural Law Attorney
(641) 592-1331University of Northern Iowa and University of IowaIowaIowa State Bar
The LII Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Clive, Iowa Agricultural Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations.
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text:
Psallite Sapienter: A Musician's Practical Guide to the 1962 Missal
Paperback, 64 Pages
Price: $12.97
Prints in 3-5 business days
Psallite Sapienter: A Musician's Guide to the 1962 Missal, by B. Andrew Mills, addresses a critical need in today's Catholic Church. In one volume, the author provides a comprehensive, authoritative, and easy-to-understand guide to providing music for the Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite. It covers the types of sung Masses and and what is required of the organist and choir, and the expectations and needs of the full liturgical year, plus weddings, funerals, and Benediction. It combines an explanation of the rubrics with the author's own extensive experience with the 1962 Missal, which is particularly useful since the author understands the ordinary form as well and the differences. This one book does the work of a full library on the topic of the extraordinary form, telling musicians just what they need to know. The author is the organist and choirmaster at the Church of St. Agnes in New York, New York.
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Product Details
- Copyright
- Church Music Association of America (Standard Copyright License)
- Publisher
- Association of America
- Published
- May 31, 2008
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 64
- Binding
- Perfect-bound Paperback
- Interior Ink
- Black & white
- Weight
- 0.32 lbs.
- Dimensions (inches)
- 6 wide x 9 tall
- Product ID
- 2951032
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text:
I'm usually OK with soundtracks as long as they don't actively annoy me; of course, it's nice when they do something more than just provide not-too-irritating background noise I may or may not turn off. Douglas Wilson looks at the relationship between gameplay, music, and meaning (and what makes for a 'musical' game) over at GameSetWatch, picking a perhaps unlikely example to illustrate the relationship he's talking about: Civilization IV. After explaining precisely what he's getting at, Wilson opines:
Even though the music of a more "traditional" game may not affect the gameplay on the level of the code, it can certainly affect the way we experience the game mechanics, just as the game mechanics can alter our understanding of the music.
Indeed, since experience is ultimately what matters, I would argue that any deeply synergistic soundtrack-gameplay relationship that acts on an emotional or cultural level can be just as "musical" as the formal mechanisms of rhythm games - physical game controllers or no.
... Take a closer look at Civ IV, and you'll see that the real meaning of the game lies somewhere between the mechanics, at those interstitial places where gameplay slides into and intersects other forms of expression.
Is Civ IV a music game? My favourite films (and games, for that matter) manage to weave together story, music, visuals, and all those other little bits that go into the making of media — often to splendid effect. But does that make them musicals, or music movies, or music games? Or "just" splendid, thoughtfully produced media? I'm not convinced on some of Wilson's points, but his overall meditation is worth a read.
Grand Pianola Game Music [GameSetWatch]


text:
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See the incredible world in which we live without having to leave your chair.


text:
Free legislation on LexisWeb is as enacted and does not take into account any amendments
Full Table of Contents
Transfers: further provision94Stamp duty
(1) A transfer effected by virtue of section 89 or 91 is not to give rise to liability to stamp duty.
(2) Stamp duty is not to be chargeable on a scheme made under section 90, 92 or 93.
Initial Commencement
To be appointed
To be appointed: see s 154(1)(b).
Stamp Duty99 Stamp Taxes99 Tax Law99
Full Table of Contents
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A cleansing special-tea rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and natural compounds to help soothe and comfort skin. Gentle water-loving cleansers lift-away pollutants and makeup, freeing skin of impurities. Heightens the cleansing experience with a refreshing blend of white tea and thyme. Leaves skin delightfully clean and pristine.
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Massage gel into lather onto moistened face and throat. Rinse clean.


text:
NATICK – Armed with chainsaws and augers, members of Natick AMVETS Post 79 carved a spacious hole through 14 inches of slippery ice to make way for nearly 100 hardy souls who braved the cold water Saturday for the annual Passion Plunge into Lake Cochituate.
While the air temperature was an unexpectedly pleasant 50 degrees Fahrenheit, the water temperature was an icy 33.
Participants who committed to raising a minimum of $100 to benefit Massachusetts Special Olympics earned the privilege of dipping into the frigid water. This was the 15th year for the plunge, and the 8th year that AMVETS Post 79 hosted the event.
Last year's plunge raised $10,000, and organizers hoped this year's event would raise $15,000 to go toward supporting 12,000 Bay State Special Olympians who train and compete in a variety of sports. In addition to pledges gathered by participants, the event included raffles and an auction of Boston sports memorabilia.
Patti Doherty, the director of Schools and Youth Engagement for Special Olympics Massachusetts, said this year's plunge was extra special because it is the 50th anniversary of the Special Olympics, which supports year-round sports training for athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
One of the youngest participants in the plunge was 12-year-old Victoria Miele. She helps coach and competes alongside a special needs gymnast at the Gymnastics Learning Center in Shrewsbury, which trains athletes for Special Olympics competitions.
"It was a lot of fun!" Miele said, as she warmed up in the AMVETS lakeside post after the plunge. She said she is already planning on doing it again next year.
Christine Michelson was back a second year, this year dressed as a penguin. The special education teacher at Natick High said her goal was to recruit 10 participants and to raise $1,000.
Michelson said she exceeded both of her goals by 100 percent. Her group included students, teachers and staff from Natick High, Wilson Middle and Kennedy Middle schools.
On Friday, event co-chairman and Natick resident Wayne Anthony, provost marshal of Massachusetts AMVETS, and several other committed volunteers from the Natick post made the approximately 12-by-12-foot opening in the ice so participants could wade in on Saturday.
As the participants hastily retreated from the icy water, the general consensus seemed to be that the dip was "refreshing."
Donations to the plunge that benefit Special Olympics Massachusetts are still welcome. Pledge online at www.PolarPlungeMA.org, or contact Wayne Anthony at 774-270-3253 or John Pasierbiak at 978-879-7760.


text: James Phillips is a Canadian multi-instrumentalist, producer and engineer hailing from Tyne Valley, Prince Edward Island. He has performed as a member of many acclaimed Island acts including the Saddle River Stringband, the James Phillips Trio, Sweetheart Jim and the Brothers Grim, The New Drifts, La Funk 6 and many more. He has also worked closely with an assortment of talented maritime artists including Catherine MacLellan and Nathan Wiley. He has won an ECMA for his work on Saddle River's self-titled debut as well as a PEI Music Award for Best Bluegrass Recording & Best New Artist (Saddle River String Band).


text:
Tokai University is a private university established by Dr. Shigeyoshi Matsumae in 1942, comprised of 19 schools made up of 75 departments. It has 31 courses in 17 graduate schools.
Ritsumeikan is an integrated academy with a rich culture of individuality and international awareness accommodating a total of 49,000 students.
Kansai University in Osaka has launched a Japanese Language and Culture Program Preparatory Course (Bekka) for international students.
Located in Nishinomiya City, near Osaka and Kyoto, Kwansei Gakuin University has a rich international tradition that dates back to its founding by Walter ...
Learning from professionals and onsite experiences, Ryutsu Keizai University is directly linked to business.
A bridge of peace between Japan and Asia and the world: Seigakuin University.
Education only is not sufficient to make men virtuous; neither intellectual nor moral philosophy is enough for it.
The only private American undergraduate college in Japan recognized by the education ministry, Lakeland College offers personalized attention to each student.
Nearly 140 years after its foundation, Rikkyo University today has retained its tradition of education based upon humanistic values and Christian concern for others.
For 150 years, Keio University has stayed on the cutting edge of education, research and international collaboration.
Since its founding in 1974, the Center for Japanese Studies at Nanzan University has been a leader in Japanese language studies
Founded in 1881, Meiji University is one of Japan's premier educational institutions.
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text:
Training Sessions
- by Super User
الزيارات: 1793
Dr. Hayssam Fawal did a training session for Iraqi surgeons on obesity surgery in collaboration with Covidien International Makassed Hospital, Najjar Hospital and BSC.
Wednesday May 28,2014 two mini bypass:
1- The first minibypass for the patient "Eman .N", the post operation course was complicated by upper GI bleed that resolve on conservative management.
2- The second minibypass for the patient S. Hanoun (Weight: 95 kg- BMI: 37) after a failed lap sleeve.


text:
I'm trying to run ADs on Bing Ads with Youtube watch pages as the destination pages. I was previously doing it using AdWords video campaigns, but I got attracted by Bing Ads and figured I would give it a try. However, I started wondering if those ads will actually work considering that the landing page is Youtube and not a website I own.
closed as not constructive by Su', Simon Hayter♦, John Conde♦ Mar 31 '13 at 16:52
As it currently stands, this question is not a good fit for our Q&A format. We expect answers to be supported by facts, references, or expertise, but this question will likely solicit debate, arguments, polling, or extended discussion. If you feel that this question can be improved and possibly reopened, visit the help center for guidance. If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
The Bing Ad Content and Style Guidelines for Landing Pages don't say anything about you having to own the site of the landing page.
They have more guidelines about landing page quality in terms of site design and intellectual property (infringing on trademarks). But again, I don't see anything about having to own the site that you are directing advertising towards.
It looks like they allow ads to any site.


text:
Reliant Bancorp Inc (RBNC)
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Business Wire 07/30 08:00 ET
Yahoo 07/25 11:38 ET
MT Newswires 07/25 10:14 ET
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text:
Dear friends,
It's summer, it's hot and it's all about colour for me! Since picking up this perfect yellow blazer in Tokyo, I've been hard pressed to take it off. Styled back with a touch of tortoise and leopard print and you've got yourself a winner.
Today I had a chance to take a sneak peak at the 2012 Loreal Melbourne Fashion Festival program. The line up this year is set to impress, so if you're in Melbourne, do yourselves a favour and check it out. If you're not in Melbourne, LMFF is the perfect excuse for a visit to this great city.
I'm wearing:
Blazer, via H&M
Skirt, VAMA STYLE
Shirt, MARKET HQ
Shoes, Heels, via TONY BIANCO
Shades, via AM EYEWEAR
Friend in Fashion


text:
The health and safety consequences related to alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use remain significant concerns on college and university campuses across the country, including NYU. The behaviors of college students place them at high risk for unprotected sex, sexual assault, physical injury, and death resulting from substance use. Rates of heavy episodic (or binge) drinking have remained high and the misuse of additional substances, particularly prescription medications, has risen sharply in the past decade on college campuses, increasing overall risks associated with substance use in this population. Cigarette smoking, with its serious long-term health consequences, is reported at intermittent or at daily rates of nearly 20% among NYU students. Given the serious consequences of substance-using behaviors, NYU must focus on implementing a comprehensive approach to prevention beyond individually focused health education programs to include strategies designed to change the campus and community environment in which students make decisions about alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use.
Misuse of Prescription Drugs
Tobacco Use


text:
We are so proud to have our first major gig on the Industri[us] site be such a big one. We are delighted to welcome one of Britain's best SKA bands The Communicators to play on Friday night.
Just imagine the legendary band playing with the background of our fantastic structure above, you sitting back drinking quality Real Ale and Real Cider from the Dorset Cider House, enjoying the fantastic street food on offer with the Urban Feasts street food, brushing up on the authentic East London history with the Cockney Museum and enjoying Pie&Mash whose recipe has been unaltered for over 100 years all whilst marvelling at the fact that everything on site is either on loan by one of our kind supporters, has been saved from the landfill or has gained a new lease of life due to the ingenuity of one of partners.