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Sleeping with Eyes Open
Is it possible to fall asleep not for very long,dream,then wake up confused, all the time with your eyes open-and continuing to drive a motor vehicle.
The short answer to your question is yes, it is possible. You may be describing a version of either micro-sleeps or automatic behaviors, though further details will be needed to determine which of these you may be experiencing. Both tend to occur in situations of excessive sleepiness.
Micro-sleeps are brief (often just a few seconds) of sleep during which the individual dozes off, usually without being aware of it, and awakens abruptly, sometimes confused. Recall of dream-like activity would only occur if you fell straight into REM (or dream) sleep, which can occur in some situations.
Automatic behaviors occur in situations of extreme sleepiness where the individual's brain disengages from the surrounding the environment briefly (i.e. may fall asleep), but the individual may appear to be awake and can continue to perform some activity in an automatic or semiautomatic manner, usually without recall.
Sleeping with the eyes open, even briefly, can occur with normal sleep (and thus in micro-sleeps) or with automatic behaviors. Somewhere between 4-20% of the population does this, though it most frequently seen in children.
The situation you are describing in your question suggest you may be suffering from excessive daytime sleepiness. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is often most notable in situations where you are not being actively stimulated, such as when driving. As a result, those who are suffering from EDS are at risk for accidents. EDS has many causes and these can be broadly categorized into primary sleep disorders and problems that can affect your sleep that are not sleep disorders per se.
The most common cause of EDS is insufficient total sleep time or a lack of adequate sleep. Not sleeping enough hours (a condition called sleep restriction) can lead to excessive sleepiness during the day and is easily fixed by increasing your sleep time.
In terms of sleep disorders, there are conditions that can fragment your sleep during the night such that the sleep quality is poor and this can lead to daytime sleepiness. The most common of these sleep disorders is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This is a condition where the upper airway behind the tongue and soft palate is narrowed so that when the person falls asleep, the airway may partially or completely close off. Risk factors for OSA include being overweight, having a thick neck size (17 inches or greater in males and 16 inches in females), being male gender, and being older (over the age of 60). However, individuals not meeting these criteria can have OSA as well. There is often a history of loud snoring during sleep, choking or gasping at night, witnessed apneas (bed partners see the lack of breathing), and unrefreshing sleep. OSA is diagnosed with an overnight sleep study (polysomnography or PSG).
Another sleep disorder that causes sleepiness is called narcolepsy. This is a condition where a person may sleep through the night though often has very fragmented sleep. They generally feel refreshed when they wake up but become sleepy again a few hours later. Naps may help the person feel refreshed. There are other symptoms that may go with this condition such as sleep paralysis (person wakes up with a sensation that they can't move), hypnagogic hallucinations (seeing images from dreams as one is falling asleep) and cataplexy (muscle weakness or loss of muscle tone with extreme emotions – particularly laughter). Automatic behaviors are another common associated symptom of narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is diagnosed with a sleep study where you sleep overnight (PSG) and then stay for a series of naps the next day (multiple sleep latency test or MSLT).
Aside from these conditions, numerous other factors may influence the quality of your sleep. These can range from the environment you sleep in (i.e. too warm, too loud) to your other medical problems (i.e. heartburn or breathing problems) to medications you may taking. Fragmented sleep from any of these conditions can lead to daytime fatigue and sleepiness. Depression can also cause people to feel sleepy during the day and needs to be considered.
As you can see, there are a number of possible explanations for your symptoms and it would best to undergo a thorough evaluation to determine how best to proceed. You should probably discuss this problem with your primary care physician first and then seek the opinion of a Sleep Specialist if needed. In the meantime, you should avoid driving if sleepy so as not to put yourself and others at risk for an accident.
For more information:
Go to the Sleep Disorders health topic.


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The Closing of the Collegiate Mind
Opponents of free speech have chalked up many campus victories lately as ideological conformity marches on.
There was a time when people looking for intellectual debate turned away from politics to the university. Political backrooms bred slogans and bagmen; universities fostered educated discussion. But when students in the 1960s began occupying university property like the thugs of regimes America was fighting abroad, the venues gradually reversed. Open debate is now protected only in the polity: In universities, muggers prevail.
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SAMJ: South African Medical Journal
versão On-line ISSN 2078-5135
versão impressa ISSN 0256-9574
SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. vol.102 no.8 Cape Town Ago. 2012
Allergic rhinitis in South Africa: 2012 guidelines
R J GreenI; M HockmanII; R FriedmanIII; E VardasIV; P ColeV; A HalkasVI; C FeldmanVII; On Behalf of the South African Allergic Rhinitis Working Group (SAARWG)
IMB BCh, FC Paed (SA), MMed (Paed), PhD, FRCP. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria
IIBSc, MB BCh, FCS (SA) (ORL). Private Practice, Linksfield Clinic, Johannesburg
IIIMB BCh, FCS (SA) (ORL). Private Practice, Linksfield Clinic and Sandton Clinic, Johannesburg
IVBSc (Hons), MB BCh, DTM&H, DPH, MMed Virology, FC Path Clinical Virology (SA). Lancet Laboratories and Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tygerberg Campus, Stellenbosch University
VMB BCh, MMed (Chem Path). Lancet Laboratories, Johannesburg, South Africa
VIMB BCh, FC Paed (SA), MMed (Paed). Private Practice, Netcare Krugersdorp Hospital
VIIMB BCh, DSc, PhD, FRCP, FCP (SA). Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an important disease in South Africa. The South African Allergic Rhinitis Working Group (SAARWG) has published previous guidelines for AR diagnosis and management. Areas of concern have arisen that require additional information, including the management of AR in infancy, appropriate and inappropriate allergy testing, cost of AR management, diagnosis and distinguishing the condition from sinusitis, use of over-the-counter medications, and the concept of the 'united airway'.
RECOMMENDATIONS: Clinicians should consider the possibility of AR in infants with recurrent nasal symptoms. Allergy testing should be used wisely and based on local allergens. Total IgE testing is not routinely required to prove allergy. Acute and chronic sinusitis should be considered in conjunction with AR; treatment of rhinitis will improve these conditions. Over-the-counter medications should be used sparingly and with caution. Concern for long-term use of topical decongestants must be noted. Asthma should always be considered in AR diagnosis. Immunotherapy is available in SA and may be extremely useful in selected AR patients.
CONCLUSION: The SAARWG proposed an algorithm for the diagnosis and management of rhinitis in South Africa. AR is common, important and troubling to patients; therefore, every effort should be made to target therapy correctly. Patient education is important in the management of AR.
1. Introduction
This report concerns problematic issues in the diagnosis and management of allergic rhinitis (AR) in South Africa, as reviewed by the South African Allergic Rhinitis Working Group (SAARWG) in February 2012.
2. AR in infants
Practical paediatric experience suggests that AR in infants, first reported in 1961,1 is not uncommon. However, its prevalence is unknown and complicated by inconclusive studies suggesting that 'seasonal AR' is uncommon in the first 2 years of life.2
The 2003 prospective study on the influence of perinatal factors on the occurrence of asthma and allergies (PIPO) in Belgium surveyed 1 300 infants from the general population.3 In the first phase of the study, 260 infants were monitored to the age of 1 year and subjected to a questionnaire, clinical examination and allergy testing. At the end of the first phase, 44% of the infants were reported to have snoring and noisy breathing, while positive allergy test results were reported in 21%. While this does not prove the existence of AR in infancy, it suggests that this diagnosis is probable in some infants.
The following symptoms should be sought where AR is considered in infants: noisy breathing, snuffles, snorting; snoring; sneezing; feeding difficulty; failure to thrive; irritability, disturbed sleep; watery nasal discharge; nose-rubbing on pillow/bedding/mother; recurrent serous otitis media; and cough/wheeze.
Features on examination that suggest AR in infants include: facial appearance (allergic facies); pallor; Dennie-Morgan lines; mouth-breathing; tongue thrusting; a pale, wet and swollen nasal mucosa; serous otitis media; and atopic dermatitis (often present).
Skin-prick tests are useful for identifying allergens, even in very young children, and they require only a limited panel. The most common allergens originate from foods (especially milk, peanut and wheat) and inhalants (especially house dust mite, cats and dogs).
There is no published literature on the manner in which to treat AR in infants. However, 3 aspects of treatment deserve mention:
(i) The avoidance of identified allergens and irritants (especially passive environmental tobacco smoke) is critical. Parents must also be advised to avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful therapies, including most over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold medications and topical decongestants.
(ii) The use of saline nasal preparations should strongly be recommended.
(iii) All forms of therapy for older children (including antihistamines, topical corticosteroids and montelukast) are not registered for use in infants. While their use is often necessary, clinicians must be careful to balance efficacy with safety.
3. Laboratory-based allergy surveillance in private practice (2007 - 2011)
Allergy data from South Africa and Africa are limited, with infrequent updates on circulating aero-allergens and the possible impact of climate change. Existing studies are not generalisable, have small sample sizes and assess specific populations. Therefore, alternative ways to audit allergy data have been suggested, including laboratory surveillance of allergy test requests and identified allergens.4
To assess the usefulness of laboratory-based allergy surveillance, all allergy test requests and results from 1 September 2007 to 31 August 2011 were extracted from Lancet Laboratories (South Africa and Africa). Test results including total immunoglobulin E (IgE), ImmunoCAP, Immuno solid-phase allergen chip (ISAC), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and skin-prick tests were analysed, and data on trends (seasonal), location (country, province and district), doctor type and patient profile (age and sex) were collected.
In total, 1 150 493 allergy-related tests were requested (Table 1), including 129 848 requests for total IgE. Although clinical information was not available, it is assumed that total IgE requests were used primarily as part of an allergy work-up. Most published allergy testing guidelines from South Africa and the rest of the world discourage the use of total IgE as a screening test for allergy.5,6 The SAARWG stresses the importance of an adequate history in uncovering likely allergens as a source of AR.
The 2011 total paediatric allergy testing expenditure of the large healthcare funder, Discovery Health, approximated R10 million. ImmunoCAP testing contributed to 66% of the expenditure, while 11.2% was spent on total IgE testing in children aged <16 years (Discovery Health, 2010). Directed testing according to established algorithms with appropriate screening and follow-up tests must be emphasised in practice.
4. Diagnosis of AR and sinusitis
AR is an inflammatory condition of the lining of the nose, characterised by nasal symptoms, including anterior or posterior rhinorrhoea, sneezing, nasal blockage and/or itching of the nose, often associated with ocular symptoms.7 Itch, sneeze and profuse rhinorrhoea are classic of early AR. However, nasal obstruction manifests as a prominent symptom with time.8 Ocular symptoms present with itchy, red and watery eyes.9
The diagnosis of sinusitis is guided by a recent European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps (EPOS).10 The document makes the case that acute rhinosinusitis is often viral and related to an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (Table 2). Acute bacterial sinusitis may be considered when symptoms persist for longer than 10 days. The diagnosis of chronic sinusitis is warranted by symptoms persisting for longer than 12 weeks.
5. AR and sinusitis treatment principles
Intranasal corticosteroids (INS) are the gold-standard first-line therapy for moderate/severe and/or persistent AR.10 Several studies found INS to be more effective than anti-histamines (AH) against nasal symptoms.7,11,12 INS treatment may optimise the control of co-morbidities such as asthma, sinusitis, conjunctivitis and otitis media.13,14
Acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS) is most often preceded by a viral URTI. Other factors that may lead to inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses and predispose to ABS include allergy, trauma and dental infection. Outcomes deemed necessary for managing ABS include eradication of bacterial pathogens from the site of infection, returning the sinuses to health, decreasing the duration of symptoms, preventing severe complications and decreasing the likelihood of chronic disease. There is mounting evidence that topical INS treatment is beneficial in managing ABS.15,16
6. Evidence for the value of OTC cough and cold medicines
OTC cough and cold medicines are frequently used by patients and often prescribed by doctors. Evidence is absent or negative for efficacy for many of these preparations. Cough mixtures have no proven value in adults or children in upper (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) pathologies.17 Mucolytic agents have been studied and a meta-analysis of 3 studies reveals that they have some benefit in URTIs.18 Oral decongestants and antihistamines have not demonstrated efficacy in most clinical conditions.19,20
The lack of efficacy and unfavourable safety profile of many agents is a major concern. The use of most agents in young children has recently been restricted in the USA.21 However, even legal restriction has not shown changed prescription or usage patterns in many countries.22
Topical decongestants improve the major symptoms of nasal congestion in AR. However, their use may produce rhinitis medicamentosa, which may occur as early as day 3 in some patients. Their use should therefore be restricted to no more than 7 - 10 days.23
7. The 'united airway' concept -renewed interest
Despite discussion by world experts on the link between AR and asthma, the SAARWG believes that the evidence strongly supports the concept of a 'united airway' and that the identification and management of both conditions (AR and asthma) improves symptoms and quality of life, reduces severity of disease and is cost-saving.24-28
The reasoning for a link between AR and asthma centres on the systemic nature of inflammation in these conditions operating on a common epithelium in both sites.29
8. Immunotherapy
Patients with persistent AR, affecting quality of life and resistant to maximal therapy, should be assessed for sensitisation. Patients who are monosensitive or 'clinically monosensitive' (i.e. sensitised to more than one allergen but with a clear pattern demonstrating one allergen as the important one) should be offered immunotherapy.30
9. Algorithm for the diagnosis and management of rhinitis
An algorithm proposed by the SAARWG for the diagnosis and management of rhinitis in South Africa is presented Fig. 1.
10. Conclusion
AR is common, important and troubling to patients; therefore, every effort should be made to target therapy correctly. Patient education is important in the management of AR.
SAARWG members: G Carter, G Des Marais, C Els, C Gravett, I Hunt, M Ossip, O F Jooma, A Manjra, L Maron, A Mc Cullogh, M McDonald, P C Potter, R Seedat, and L Woolf.
Endorsements. This Guideline is endorsed by the Allergy Society of South Africa.
Acknowledgements. The SAARWG acknowledges an unrestricted grant from Aspen/GSK Pharmaceuticals for sponsorship of the working group meeting on 10 - 12 February 2012, where these guidelines were reviewed.
1. Hill LW. Certain aspects of allergy in children. A critical review of the recent literature. N Engl J Med 1961;265:1298-1304. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM196112282652607] [ Links ]
2. Nickel R, Lau S, Niggemann B, et al. Messages from the German Multicentre Allergy study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2002;13 Suppl 15:7-10. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3038.13.s.15.4.x] [ Links ]
3. Van Bever HP, Desager KN, Hagendorens M. Critical evaluation of prognostic factors in childhood asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2002;12:1-9. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3038.2002.00093.x] [ Links ]
4. Berman D, Climate change and aeroallergens in South Africa. Curr Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;24:65-71. [ Links ]
5. Motala C, Hawarden D. Diagnostic testing in allergy. S Afr Med J 2009;99:531-535. [http://dx.doi.org/S0256-95742009000700019] [ Links ]
6. Eigenmann PA, Oh JW, Beyer K. Diagnostic testing in the evaluation of food allergy. Pediatr Clin North Am 2011;58(2):351-62. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2011.02.003] [ Links ]
7. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N; Aria Workshop Group; World Health Organization. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108:S147-S334. [ Links ]
8. Luyt DK, Green RJ, Davis G, et al. Consensus document: allergic rhinitis in South Africa - diagnosis and management. S Afr Med J 1996;56(10):1315-1328. [ Links ]
9. Phipatanakul W. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: epidemiology. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2005;25(2):263-281. [ Links ]
10. Thomas M, Yawn BP, Price D, Lund V, Mullol J, Fokkens W; European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps Group. EPOS Primary Care Guidelines: European Position Paper on the Primary Care Diagnosis and Management of Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2007 - a summary. Prim Care Respir J 2008;17(2):79-89. [http://dx.doi.org/10.3132/pcrj.2008.00029] [ Links ]
11. New England Medical Center Evidence-based Practice Center. Management of Allergic and Nonallergic Rhinitis. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment Number 54, 2002. [ Links ]
12. Ratner PH, van Bavel JH, Martin BG, et al A comparison of the efficacy of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray and loratadine, alone and in combination, for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Fam Pract 1998;47(2):118-125. [ Links ]
13. Settipane RA. Complications of allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc 1999;20:209-213. [http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/108854199778339053] [ Links ]
14. Crystal-Peters J, Neslusan C, Crown WH, Torres A. Treating allergic rhinitis in patients with comorbid asthma: the risk of asthma-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:57-62. [ Links ]
15. Meltzer EO, Teper A, Danzig M. Intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2008;8(2):133-138. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-008-0023-9; [ Links ]
16. Meltzer EO, Bachert C, Staudinger H. Treating acute rhinosinusitis: comparing efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate nasal spray, amoxicillin, and placebo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;116(6):1289-1295. [http://dxdoi.org/10.1016/joaci.2005.08.044] [ Links ]
17. Dicpinigatis PV. Currently available antitussives. Pulm Pharm Ther 2009;22:148-151. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2008.08.002] [ Links ]
18. Chang CC, Cheng AC, Chang AB. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults. Cochrane Collaboration 2010;10. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006088.pub2] [ Links ]
19. Eyibilen A, Aladag I, Güven M, Koç S, Gürbüzler L. The effectiveness of nasal decongestants, oral decongestants and oral decongestant-antihistamines in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg 2009;19(6):289-293. [ Links ]
20. Shaikh N, Wald ER, Pi M. Decongestants, antihistamines and nasal irrigation for acute sinusitis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010;12. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007909.pub2] [ Links ]
21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Revised product labels for pediatric over-the- counter cough and cold medicines. MMWR Morb Mort Wkly Rep 2008;57:1180. [ Links ]
22. Sen EF, Verhamme KM, Felisi M, 't Jong GW, Giaquinto C, Picelli G, Ceci A, Sturkenboom MC; TEDDY European Network of Excellence. Effects of safety warnings on prescription rates of cough and cold medicines in children below 2 years of age. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011;71(6):943-950. [http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03860.x] [ Links ]
23. Tran NP, Vickery J, Blaiss MS. Management of rhinitis: allergic and non-allergic. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2011;3(3):148-156. [http://dx.doi.org/10.4168/aair.2011.3.3.148] [ Links ]
24. Huse DM, Harte SC, Russel MW, et al. Allergic rhinitis may worsen asthma symptoms in children: the International Asthma Outcomes Registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:A860. [ Links ]
25. Leynaert B, Neukirch C, Liard R, et al. Quality of life in allergic rhinitis and asthma: A population-based study of young adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:1391-1396. [ Links ]
26. Welsh PW, Stricker WE, Chu C-P, et al. Efficacy of beclomethasone nasal solution, flunisolide and cromolyn in relieving symptoms of ragweed allergy. Mayo Clin Proc 1987;62:125-134. [ Links ]
27. Yawn BP, Yuringer JW, Wollan PC, et al. Allergic rhinitis in Rochester, Minnesota residents with asthma: frequency and impact on health charges. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:54-59. [ Links ]
28. Crystal-Peters J, Neslusan C, Crown WH, et al. Treatment of allergic rhinitis in patients with comorbid asthma: the risk of asthma related hospitalizations and emergency department visits. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:57-62. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mai.2002.120554] [ Links ]
29. Corren J. Allergic rhinitis and asthma: How important is the link? J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:S781-S786. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6749(97)70127-1] [ Links ]
30. Radulovic S, Wilson D, Calderon M, Durham S. Systematic reviews of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Allergy 2011;66(6):740-752. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02583.x] [ Links ]
Accepted 11 April 2012.
Correspondence to:
R J Green


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The films so far have been anything but adult-centered. Though Pixar films are known for appealing to a wide range of moviegoers with its all-resonant themes of bravery, friendship and celebration of nostalgia, this seems to be the first computer-animated film series — and certainly the first from Pixar — to so abruptly dive deep into the world explicit and crude-humored narrative.
Some wonder why the company would take such a large leap into the "R" category. After all, "Toy Story" could have made the safer transition into "PG-13" with a controlled amount of cursing and adult themes. According to film industry insiders, Pixar head John Lasseter simply said that he wanted to go "all in."
Weekly World News was invited to watch a 10-minute preview of the upcoming release. This reporter was taken to an undisclosed editor booth in the Los Angeles area and was treated to a brief collection of unfinished scenes and short takes from the new film. However, only one item stuck out as any different from previous Pixar efforts: Woody's five-o'clock shadow. WWN will continue to follow this story as it progresses.


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May 12, 2010
By Paul Feinberg and Justin Tang
UCLA Anderson's twenty-fifth annual Entrepreneurs Conference opened with an "X-pert" -- when Dr. Peter Diamandis kicked-off the proceedings with an inspiring opening keynote address. Diamandis, founder and chairman of the X Prize Foundation, reminded the aspiring entrepreneurs who packed Anderson's Korn Convocation Center that "Entrepreneurs (must) envision the world they want to create ... unless you're willing to take a risk, you won't have breakthroughs."
The Entrepreneurs Conference is Anderson's largest and highest profile student-organized event. According to the conference literature, the event "serves to showcase UCLA Anderson's leadership position in the area of entrepreneurship," and to further the school's goals of promoting entrepreneurship and fostering innovation; of providing a rich learning experience for entrepreneurs, students and business professionals; for sharing valuable insight on topics in entrepreneurship, critical business skills and emerging opportunities; and for offering a networking venue for entrepreneurs, students and business professionals. The day-long event features a host of talks, round-tables and break-out sessions, covering a wide-range of topics from food to fashion, from sports to social media and from real estate to recycling. Among the afternoon highlights is a fast-pitch competition, where students present their business ideas to a panel of experts in near rapid-fire style.
To Diamandis, this is the right time for entrepreneurs to cast their lines in the ocean of opportunity, believing not only that profits are possible, but that entrepreneurs are in position to make real impact on society. "We are living in a magical age," Diamandis said, citing three market forces sweeping the globe, including the strength of exponential technology that allows small groups to change the world, the number of millionaires and billionaires with the capital to empower these world-changing groups and the power of mobile broadband to give voice to millions who were once unheard. "Figure out what you want to do," Diamandis said. "Because anything is possible."
After Diamandis finished his address, the audience broke out into various panels that were split into three different sessions throughout the day. One panel discussed effective strategies to raise capital despite the challenging times for capital investors and entrepreneurs. Another panel looked at the future of mobile applications and how to market things like games for an iPhone.
Before the closing keynote address, the conference gathered in Korn Hall for the customary Fast Pitch competition, where students make a sixty-second pitch about their product in front of a panel of judges to win a cash prize. Preliminary rounds reduced the participants from twelve students to five. The winning participant was Seth Burns ('10) an Executive MBA student (EMBA) and currently an executive with Biogas & Electric LLC, a company that uses a substance to digest methane in order to reduce greenhouse gases.
In a sign of how times have changed, Jason Fried of 37signals delivered the closing keynote address over Skype videoconference because his flight to Los Angeles was cancelled. His address focused on different aspects of entrepreneurship. For example, he disagreed with the notion that entrepreneurs must first raise capital to begin business. Instead, he argues that, "Startup companies must first make money because it's a skill that you'll need throughout your career. This way, you'll have the mindset of making money instead of spending money." Fried also told the audience that they must "focus on the things that your business won't change. For example, speed is very important to our company therefore an investment in speed will always pay off."
Before he signed off of Skype, he told the audience of future entrepreneurs, "In today's world, it is impossible to go unnoticed if you do something well."
About UCLA Anderson School of Management
UCLA Anderson School of Management, established in 1935, is regarded among the leading business schools in the world. UCLA Anderson faculty members are renowned for their teaching excellence and research in advancing management thinking. Each year, UCLA Anderson provides management education to more than 1,800 students enrolled in MBA, Fully-Employed MBA, Executive MBA, UCLA-NUS Global Executive MBA, Master of Financial Engineering, and doctoral programs, and to more than 2,000 professional managers through executive education programs. Combining highly selective admissions, varied and innovative learning programs, and a world-wide network of 36,000 alumni, UCLA Anderson develops and prepares global leaders.


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The announcement by Japan's defense minister that a Chinese frigate last month locked its weapons-control radar onto a Japanese destroyer was jarring. The already tense stand-off between Beijing and Tokyo over the disputed Senkaku/Diaoyu islands escalated to a new and dangerous level.
Japanese officials have not clarified whether the incident took place on the high seas or in disputed waters. Chinese officials have not confirmed the incident. But the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) spokeswoman initially gave a vague answer when asked about it, giving rise to speculation that government officials in Beijing were not entirely on top of the most recent turn of events. The fact that the MFA was not kept in the loop about a military incident like this is not surprising. The power of the ministry has been on the decline for several years. There are numerous examples of the MFA not being consulted on, or informed of, decisions made by other government agencies, let alone the PLA.
A more crucial question is whether or not Xi Jinping had approved of the Chinese frigate locking its radar onto the Japanese vessel. Consequently, analysts around the world are once again pondering a perpetual question: Is the People's Liberation Army (PLA) acting independently of the Communist Party (CPC) leadership?Enjoying this article? Click here to subscribe for full access. Just $5 a month.
The only honest answer to the question is that we simply do not know. Decision-making processes in China are opaque. We know that major political decisions are made by the all-powerful seven-member Politburo Standing Committee, headed by Xi Jinping, who is also the chair of the Central Military Commission. As the only civilian on the Central Military commission, Xi is the crucial link between senior civilian and military leaders, but nothing is known about the precise nature of interaction between Xi and PLA leaders when pivotal decisions are made. Not even the timing and agenda of either the Politburo Standing Committee or Central Military Commission meetings are made public.
Based on private discussions I have had with Chinese officials since the Japanese government's purchase of three of the five disputed islands in September 2012, the most recent escalation reflects the next step in plans made by China's senior leaders in response to what Beijing perceives as an intolerable state of affairs. Xi Jinping was reportedly made head of a new "Office to Respond to the Diaoyu Crisis" soon after the Japanese government's announcement. State Counsellor Dai Binguo, China's top diplomat for the past five years, as well as several senior military officers were assigned to this task force.
From Beijing's perspective, the decision by the Japanese government last September to purchase the islands from their private owner signaled the nationalization of the islands, an unacceptable change in the status quo. According to my sources, a step-by-step plan was devised by the new Diaoyu task force and then approved by Xi to deal with each possible contingency. The plan's goal is to force the Japanese government to at a minimum acknowledge that the sovereignty of the islands is disputed. Japan's current stance is that there is no dispute – the islands belong to Japan. A change in Japan's stance would open up the possibility for both sides to use diplomatic channels to agree that vessels of each respective nation would patrol the disputed waters on alternate days to assert sovereignty. More importantly, it could facilitate discussions on sharing fishing rights in the disputed waters. Fishermen have been at the center of several disputes which have led to an escalation of tensions between the two countries.


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There are very few entries and the giveaway closes on February 9, so if you could come give me some entry-love on this it'd be much appreciated - plus you'll have a chance to win a truly awesome skincare product!
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When Half a Camel is Enough...
by Debbie Macomber, Author & World Vision U.S. Programs Supporter
Bestselling author Debbie Macomber, shares her story of teaching her grandchildren a powerful lesson on charity and compassion. Her publisher, Random House, decided to make a very generous donation to support World Vision's work to improve education here in the United States.
Every year for my grandchildren's birthdays, I give them a special gift: a life lesson on charity.
Instead of purchasing them a gift, I allow them to gift another. I do this by handing them a World Vision Gift Catalog, giving them a budget, and letting them choose a gift for another child.
It's been a joy to watch as they carefully leaf through the pages of the catalog and seek out the perfect gift. I've been amazed at their thoughtfulness and their hearts' desire to help others. The tradition is also a lesson in stewardship: How can they best utilize the resource they have been given? I can think of no better gift for my grandchildren.
Several years ago when my granddaughter, Maddie, was turning 8, she scrutinized the catalog for quite some time, and then announced she wanted to buy a camel for a village. Well, a camel was quite a bit beyond the budget I had provided for Maddie. However, as I explained to her, thanks to the way World Vision structures their program, an individual can buy "half" a camel, and another person will come along and buy the other half.
Still, Maddie couldn't quite wrap her mind around giving half a camel. I hesitated, then suggested that if she was willing to pitch in her allowance for a month or so, I would purchase the whole camel. Maddie hemmed and hawed, and after some consideration, announced that half a camel was just fine, on second thought.
All of us in the family chuckled, knowing Maddie had just experienced her first lesson in staying within a budget. And I was proud that my granddaughter was putting sincere thought into meeting the needs of people around the world.
When we think about people in need or caring for the poor, it can be easy to picture that happening in a foreign context. But it is important for us to recognize that people in need are everywhere.
One of the many reasons I choose to support World Vision is because they meet needs of people in the United States and around the world. I had the opportunity to visit their headquarters in Federal Way, Washington, and learned about the different facets of their work. I toured their facilities, where all kinds of corporately donated products are housed.
World Vision invites teachers from underfunded schools to their warehouses to shop for their classes for free. I've seen for myself the work that this organization does that stretches from right next door to around the world.
Because I have witnessed the impact of World Vision's work, I was deeply touched when my publisher, Random House, decided to make a very generous donation to World Vision. These funds will provide classroom materials for students and schools. I believe that by equipping schools in need, children will be given a chance at a better education. Education has the power to change lives.
This donation is like a stone tossed into a pond, the ripples reaching a wider and wider circle, embracing those most in need—and that's why half a camel is enough. No matter what size the donation, lives will be changed, not only for those who receive, but also for those who give.
Help Now
Your gift of $25 will enable us to provide $250 worth of school supplies for U.S. children


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When Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke appears tomorrow before the House Financial Services Committee, he'll be facing, for the final time, his nemesis, Representative Ron Paul (R-Texas), author of End the Fed.
In the past, Paul has used kid gloves in his usual mild-mannered way to quiz and challenge the Fed chairman, asking him about the conflict between the Fed's stated policy of maintaining a stable dollar and the huge loss of purchasing power of the dollar under the Fed's tender care. He has asked the chairman about real money compared to paper money or money created out of the ether. He even waved a silver dollar in front of the chairman, asking him if it wasn't real money after all.
Tomorrow is his last chance to ask such questions. Here are some proposed questions the Texas congressman might consider in his efforts to expand the conversation about the Fed and extend citizens' understanding of the Fed's role in destroying the dollar and creating the business cycle of booms and busts, especially the current one.
First question: "Mr. Chairman, one of the roles of the Fed is to maintain a stable dollar. Would you explain, once again, for the benefit of myself and for the committee, how the Fed has managed to meet that role in light of the fact that, according to a popular web-based inflation calculator, it would take $2,317 in today's money to buy what just $100 would have bought a hundred years ago? Just how do you explain that, please?"
Second question: "Mr. Chairman, what is your understanding of the difference between real money backed by gold and silver versus the paper money that has no backing today? Specifically, what actually backs up the paper money in our system today?"
Third question: "Mr. Chairman, can you explain for us the morality involved when the Fed creates new money, which it then lends out to its member banks on which those banks charge interest? In other words, what is the morality of charging interest on money created out of thin air?"
Fourth question: "Mr. Chairman, a year or so ago Huffington Post did an extensive analysis of the Fed's role in quashing dissension by buying up most of the economics profession through contracts, grants, or other financial incentives. For instance, over a three-year period ending in October 1994 the Fed awarded $3 million in contracts to some 200 professors, while in 2008 the Fed spent $389 million for those same services, a number that, according to HuffPost, jumped to $433 million in 2009.
Please explain for the committee how this expenditure advances the understanding of monetary policy when all it appears to be doing is advancing the cause of the Federal Reserve?"
Fifth question: "In light of our current economic weakness — as you carefully noted yesterday in your testimony in the Senate — and your promise made back in 2002 when you said:
Let me end my talk by abusing slightly my status as an official representative of the Federal Reserve. I would like to say to Milton and Anna [Friedman]: regarding the Great Depression. You're right, we did it. We're very sorry. But thanks to you, we won't do it again.
And yet an increasing number of indicators are showing that we are in fact headed back into another recession. Can you explain what exactly you have learned in the meantime, and why what you are doing isn't keeping us out of another one? "
Final question: "Mr. Chairman, in that same testimony before the Senate yesterday you reviewed our current dismal economic situation, but then reiterated the decision made by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) in June that — quote — 'it is prepared to take further action as appropriate to promote a strong economic recovery….' Just what additional actions is the Fed going to take that it hasn't already taken which haven't worked?"
There is little likelihood that any of these questions, or variations on them, are likely to be asked by the good representative from Texas. He is too much a gentleman for that. But the questions that he is likely to ask will be carefully crafted to extend and expand the conversation and the understanding of the destructive role the Fed has played, and continues to play, in the current economic environment. Because Paul has a long-term view of history and his role in creating such understanding, he is optimistic:
We're making inroads. We have a younger generation right now that's more informed about the Federal Reserve than I ever dreamed would happen.
Thank you, Mr. Paul, for your role in creating that greatly improved understanding among that younger generation. May your last conversation with the head of the Fed by a memorable one!
Photo: Rep. Ron Pau (R-Texas), a member of the House Financial Services Committee, at a hearing with Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, Feb. 29, 2012, on Capitol Hill: AP Images


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- What is MasterCard SecureCode and how does it work?
- What is Verified by Visa and how does it work?
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- Why are my charges being declined?
Advertisers » Billing
Why do I need an Authorization Form?
To protect you against fraud and Identity theft. Our credit card processor requires this step for all advertisers that reach certain spend amounts in a short time. This process helps ensure that the person using the credit card is the actual owner of the card and has authorized the transaction.
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Include Underscores While Using Markdown Without Them Being Bold Or Italic Indicators For Text
I am fairly new to Markdown which is a lightweight markup language. I have really just started becoming more familiar with Markdown while posting or replying to articles in the Question Defense Engage section. Markdown is the markup language used on Engage to format the posted questions, posted responses, comments, and pretty much anywhere that content data is entered. So far I really like Markdown and have been impressed with how user friendly it becomes as you learn the Markdown tricks as I call them including asterisks or underscores for bolding or italicizing, brackets for links/URLs, and numbered lists simply using 1., 2., 3., etc. While the Markdown learning curve has been fairly steep for me the more I use it the more Markdown is sticking with me.


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Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
Observing Student Representation
|Introduction | Estimating Blocks | Problem Reflection #1 | Counting Blocks | Problem Reflection #2 | Classroom Practice | Observe a Classroom | Reflection Questions | Your Journal
Young students should be active learners of mathematics. Hands-on experiences provide children with opportunities to explore and solidify their thinking about mathematical ideas. Students gain deeper understanding of mathematics through connecting their ideas and finding ways to express them.
As we study the Representation Standard, we will consider several aspects of the Standard in learning and teaching mathematics. We will look at the ways that children represent their ideas and connect their representations to the mathematics they are working to make sense of.
We will also consider the importance of providing mathematical tasks that lend themselves to representing ideas in a variety of ways, and the progression of early, less conventional, representations to the more traditional. We will reflect on the role of the teacher in structuring mathematics instruction so that students can more easily move from representations that are tangible and concrete, like manipulatives, to those that are more abstract, like mathematical symbols.
|Teaching Math Home | Grades K-2 | Representation | Site Map | © |
© Annenberg Foundation 2017. All rights reserved. Legal Policy


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*ETD0503 Drivers
Are you looking driver for «*ETD0503»? We have searched our database and determined that we have 20 driver files for device with this Hardware ID. This page shows a list of all found drivers for this device. All drivers are sorted by date and version from new to old. Information about all files is shown below on the page. This device with Hardware ID «*ETD0503» has one Device Name. This Device Name is shown below. You can see the release date of the driver, the version, the list of supported operating systems, the size of the file and its type. To the right of the file name there is a link to go to the file download page.
You can find a driver for your computer's device by their Device Name or Hardware ID. To find the necessary driver you can always use site search. How to find device Hardware ID read on this instruction.
- Hardware IDs
Hardware ID code information
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infoELAN PS/2 Port Smart-Pad
Select driver for download
Total driver files: 20


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Most defensive ends grow to dislike, and yes, even hate quarterbacks. It's just the nature of their job. Snap after snap.
Ziggy Ansah is not like most defensive ends.
"Hate? I don't know if I want to use the word hate cause you can't concentrate if you hate somebody. You've got to love them. If you love somebody you want to grab them (puts arms out). I love quarterbacks,'' Ansah said at his introductory Detroit Lions press conference on Friday.
He's got a sense of humor developed somewhere between his home country of Ghana and his adopted recent home of Provo, Utah.
Ansah, who played at BYU, was the Lions' first-round draft pick on Thursday night. An intriguing pick because he just started playing football in 2010 which means he's donned pads for just three seasons, one as a starter.
"Don't mistake inexperience for instinctive because he has very, very good football instincts and he's still new to the game,'' Lions coach Jim Schwartz said. "Probably the best thing we went through is getting to know him as a person — the right kind of guy for Detroit, hard-working humble guy that respects the game and respects what it takes to get here.''
Schwartz and his staff got to know Ansah well when they coached him at the Senior Bowl.
If Ansah has heard the criticism that he's a boom or bust type of player he said he doesn't pay attention.
His mind is set. He's driven. He's his own man.
Ansah has been compared to Jean Pierre-Paul, a defensive end for the New York Giants, who was drafted in the first round in 2010. Ansah said he was able to meet Pierre-Paul, who he respects, in New York at the draft.
"I'm coming to just be myself, I'm not trying to play like somebody else. I want people to say that I want to play like Ziggy, so I'm just here to set my own standards,'' Ansah said.
His mother Betty and two cousins were at the press conference as he explained how his family's support has meant so much to him.
"My success doesn't only go to coach (Bronco) Mendenhall. I've got a great family that's been supportive since Day One. I've got really good friends and teammates in Utah, who helped me put on my pads from Day One, explain the game to me and the support I had back in Utah was just great,'' Ansah said.
"I can't just say coach Mendenhall was the only one who did it. He was the one who said yes to me when I wanted to start this game. He definitely deserves some credit. I love him.''
When he arrived at BYU in 2008, Ansah's goal was to play basketball. He wanted to be a power forward in the mold of LeBron James. He'd never seen a football game.
He tried out twice for the BYU basketball team and didn't make the cut.
"One thing I do when I go back to Utah I'm going to go to Coach (Dave) Rose, the head basketball coach, and thank him so much for not letting me play,'' Ansah said with a smile.
If he would have made the basketball team, he wouldn't be an NFL defensive end today.
Mendenhall, the BYU coach, gave him the chance. Not just as a nice guy but because he saw something in Ansah, something good.
"The potential is unlimited. He's fast enough, he's quick enough, he's strong enough, he's a hard enough worker, he retains information well enough,'' Mendenhall said in a conference call on Friday. "He's consistent enough on and off the field that there's really no down side.''
And then there's the person.
At the podium Ansah displayed his dry wit cracking up the sometimes cynical Lions' media contingent.
Mendenhall said Ansah, who earned a degree in actuarial science, has an excellent sense of humor and loves practical jokes.
"He's playful at heart, but he's also very bright and cerebral with his math and statistics. He's very faith oriented, strong morals, strong values. He's also youthful where he loves to have a good time,'' Mendenhall said.
"For the families in Detroit that are looking for a great role model and a great person I think he'll endear himself to the community and they'll become enthralled and really love him.''
You know, just like Ansah loves quarterbacks.
(Paula Pasche covers the Lions. Follow her on Twitter @PaulaPasche. Read her Lions Lowdown blog at oplions.blogspot.com.)


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Our Lifelong Learning program offers art and music courses for community members, including:
You do not have to be an SPC student to take these courses. In the summer, the Lifelong Learning courses in Chorus, Band, Jazz Band and Steel Drums are offered at the St. Petersburg/Gibbs Campus in a six-week program that invites qualified high school and middle school students to participate with members of the community. You can sign up by calling 727-341-3000 or register online.
You can take private music lessons in voice, piano and other instruments through Applied Music courses at SPC. These courses are generally for community members and students who are not pursuing a degree in music or already have a degree. All SPC music courses are open to these students, who are not required to play in a recital or jury exam but can be asked to take part in them.
To take one of our Applied Music courses, you need to apply for admission to the college and register for the course, which you can enroll in for credit or audit. You'll need to come to the Gibbs Campus, Room HS 118, to secure your place in the course. You can't enroll online for Applied Music courses. Scroll to view Applied Music Course offerings.
SPC offers a broad range of academic courses in Art, Music, Applied Music, Dance and Theatre. Learn more about our Arts and Entertainment course offerings.
St. Petersburg College P.O. Box 13489St. Petersburg FL 33733-3489727-341-4772
St. Petersburg College is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACS-COC).
St. Petersburg College is committed to equal access/equal opportunity in its programs, activities, and employment. For additional information
visit www.spcollege.edu/eaeo.Use this link to report accessibility issues on this page.
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Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSH, FSHD)
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSH, FSHD)
What is facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy?
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a genetic muscle disorder in which the muscles of the face, shoulder blades and upper arms are among the most affected.
The long name comes from facies, the Latin word and medical term for face; scapula, the Latin word and anatomical term for shoulder blade; andhumerus, the Latin word for upper arm and the anatomical term for the bone that goes from the shoulder to the elbow.
The term muscular dystrophy means progressive muscle degeneration, with increasing weakness and atrophy (loss of bulk) of muscles. In FSHD, weakness first and most seriously affects the face, shoulders and upper arms, but the disease usually also causes weakness in other muscles.
What are the symptoms of FSHD?
FSHD usually begins before age 20, with weakness and atrophy of the muscles around the eyes and mouth, shoulders, upper arms and lower legs. Later, weakness can spread to abdominal muscles and sometimes hip muscles.
Some experts divide FSHD into adult-onset and infantile-onset forms. The adult-onset (which includes FSHD that begins in adolescence) is far more common.
In either type of FSHD, facial weakness can start in childhood. Occasionally, other FSHD symptoms appear in early childhood. Infantile-onset FSHD generally runs a more pronounced course with regard to muscle weakness and sometimes also affects hearing and vision. Preliminary evidence suggests that the infantile-onset form is associated with a larger piece of missing DNA. For more, see Signs and Symptoms.
What causes FSHD?
FSHD may be inherited through either the father or the mother, or it may occur without a family history. It is almost always associated with a genetic flaw (mutation) that leads to a shorter than usual segment of DNA on chromosome 4. The segment isn't part of any particular gene, but it nevertheless seems to interfere with the correct processing of genetic material.
A small number of people have a disorder that looks exactly like FSHD but don't have the short segment on chromosome 4. The genetic cause of their disorder has yet to be identified.
For more about the genetic causes of FSHD, see Causes/Inheritance. For more about how the missing chromosome 4 segment may cause FSHD, see Research.
What is the progression of FSHD?
FSHD usually progresses very slowly and rarely affects the heart or respiratory system. Most people with the disease have a normal life span.
What is the status of research in FSHD?
In 2009, MDA-supported researchers found that pieces of a gene called DUX4 are abnormally activated in FSHD-affected cells, leading to production of potentially toxic proteins. Blocking the erroneously activated genes or the proteins made from them seems a likely pathway for the eventual treatment of FSHD. For more, see Research.


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TDS Telecom, headquartered in Madison, Wis., operates OneNeck® IT Solutions LLC, TDS Baja Broadband LLC, and BendBroadband. Combined, the company employs 3,300 people.
TDS Telecom, the seventh largest local exchange telephone company in the U.S, is a wholly owned subsidiary of TDS. TDS Telecom provides 1.1 million connections to high-speed Internet, phone and TV entertainment services to customers in more than a hundred rural, suburban, and metropolitan communities. TDS Telecom offers businesses the latest communications solutions, including: VoIP (managedIP Hosted) phone service, dedicated high-speed Internet, and hosted-managed services. Visit tdstelecom.com or tdsbusiness.com.
OneNeck® IT Solutions specializes in hybrid IT solutions to include: enterprise cloud and hosting solutions on ReliaCloud®; managed services; ERP application management; professional services; and IT hardware. OneNeck has Tier 3 data centers in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Arizona, Oregon and opening in July 2015 in Denver, Colorado. OneNeck employs approximately 630 people throughout the United States. Visit oneneck.com.
Telephone and Data Systems, Inc., (TDS), a Fortune 1000™ company, provides wireless; wireline and cable broadband, TV and voice; and hosted and managed services to approximately six million customers nationwide through its business units, U.S. Cellular, TDS Telecom, OneNeck IT Solutions, Baja Broadband and BendBroadband. Founded in 1969 and headquartered in Chicago, TDS employs 10,600 people. Visit tdsinc.com.


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George H. Young Chair; Professor of Law Emeritus
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
J.D., University of Wisconsin Law School
Teaching Areas:
Criminal Law
Legal Profession
Walter J. Dickey has been a member of the faculty of the
University of Wisconsin Law School since 1976. He was Evjue-Bascom Professor
from 1997-2007, when he was awarded the George H. Young Chair. He has served as
the faculty director of the Remington Center for Research, Education and
Service in Criminal Justice since 1975. Now staffed by seventeen full time
clinical faculty, the Center includes projects in Restorative Justice, Appeals,
Legal Assistance to the Institutionalized, Prosecution, Defense, Innocence,
Family Law and Economic Justice. The Center has provided thousands of law
students with the opportunity to provide service, do research and gain
experience in criminal justice. Its staff and graduates have published over 100
articles and public service monographs. He led the then Division of Corrections
from 1983 to 1987 and in an earlier leave of absence from the


text: Toxoplasma gondii (ATCC® 50174D™) Strain Designations: genomic DNA from Toxoplasma gondii strain RH / Depositor: ATCC / Biosafety Level: 1 General Information Characteristics History Documentation Print Email Share Share this product Facebook Twitter Google+ Permits and Restrictions View Permits Strain Designations genomic DNA from Toxoplasma gondii strain RH Application Food and waterborne pathogen researchOpportunistic pathogen research Biosafety Level 1 Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country. Isolation DNA was isolated from parasites propagated in Vero cells (ATCC® CCL-81™). Product Format dried Total DNA: at least 2 µg in 1X TE bufferOD260/OD280: 1.6 to 2.0 Storage Conditions 4°C Type Strain no Genome Sequenced Strain Yes Comments DNA was isolated from parasites propagated in Vero cells (ATCC® CCL-81™). This preparation of high molecular weight DNA is appropriate for use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)* process and other molecular biology applications. *The PCR process is covered by patents owned by Hoffman-La Roche Inc. Use of the PCR process requires a license. Genome sequencing strain (in progress Broad Institute) Name of Depositor ATCC Special Collection DNA Permits These permits may be required for shipping this product: Customers located in the state of Hawaii will need to contact the Hawaii Department of Agriculture to determine if an Import Permit is required. A copy of the permit or documentation that a permit is not required must be sent to ATCC in advance of shipment. Basic Documentation Product Sheet Certificate of Analysis SDS


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Rodarte Spring 2013 | Runway
Rodarte Spring 2013
Rodarte Spring 2013
If you think you see allusions to Game of Thrones in Rodarte's well-armored Spring 2013 collection, think again: Laura Mulleavy claimed backstage Tuesday that she's never seen the HBO costume drama.
Whether the same can be said of her sister Kate is uncertain, but what we do know is that this collection drew inspiration from a rich store of references including medieval garb, fantasy role-playing games, and motorcycles. If nods to the Hells Angels (leather jackets with ropes of fringe) seem out of place with the other touchpoints in this collection, it was the Mulleavys' signature layered decoration that blended them all together.
Second-skin printed turtleneck sweaters, for example, were made battle ready with the addition of matelasse bodices and breastplates made from origami-folded brocades. A skirt made from open square panels of a metallic fiber made for a modern take on chain mail — and there were actual chains used in a number of decorative belts.
The looks that were more damsel in distress than knight in shining armor were just as fantastical, but with less edge. A stunning blue gown with a high neckline and short sleeves featured a bodice of latticed metal pieces that looked like a luxury chastity belt.


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County Jail
Arrests and bookings
Jason Brooks, 40, Peabody, arrested by Peabody police Nov. 24 on a charge of criminal trespass.
Ethan Campbell, 22, Newton, arrested by sheriff's deputies Nov. 27 on a Colorado warrant for a charge of felon in possession of a firearm.
Todd Cortner, 50, Florence, arrested by sheriff's deputies Thursday on charges of driving while suspended, illegal tag, and expired registration.
Brandon Doherty, 26, Salina, jailed Nov. 29 by court order.
Kyle Fistler, 19, Peabody, arrested by Peabody police Nov. 22 on a charge of driving while suspended.
Oceana Scobee, 21, Ottawa, jailed Nov. 22 by court order.
Roy Scott, 47, Sedgwick, arrested by Peabody police Nov. 26 on a charge of driving without a valid license.
Cyle Wilson, 20, Marion, arrested by Marion police Nov. 23 on charges of possession of a controlled substance, possession of drug paraphernalia, and obstructing the legal process.
Remaining from previous weeks:
Jordan Allen, 25, Hillsboro, since Nov. 12.
Todd Beneke, 29, Herington, since July 24.
Justin Chrisjohn, 36, Marion, since Oct. 2.
Dakota Dillashaw, 18, Marion, since June 30.
Thomas Likins Jr., 41, Wichita, since Nov. 21.
Richard Pope, 31, Wichita, since Nov. 3.
Daniel Releford, 41, Wichita, since Nov. 21.


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Given a definite integral $$I=\int_a^b f(x)\text{d}x$$ for some function $f$, we can make any number of substitutions $x=u(x)$ which produce symbolically new integrals, all of which evaluate to the same value.
My main question is this: is it possible to have two definite integrals both of which give the same value yet each of which can not be transformed (i.e. made to look the same symbolically) into the other by substitution?
I get the impression the answer to my question is YES, but I'm not sure. Is there any information or theory out there that deals with this? How can we know when the transformation can not be done (if indeed it cannot be done)?


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I practice Lemon Law which means that I represent consumers who have bought defective cars. Ever wonder why we call a defective car a Lemon? As you might guess, I can tell you all about it.
It does seem odd that the word Lemon has become so synonymous with a defective product. After all, in any other context a lemon is just a yellow citrus fruit. But when you see the word in a piece on this site, you know it is a reference to an unfixable vehicle.
The notion that Lemon might mean something bad or defective has been around since at least the 1800s. There is often disagreement on word origins, so I will be the first to admit that none of this is carved in stone. But most sources I can locate show the first obvious uses of the word to denote a bad or defective thing around that time. Interestingly, it was used first as an insult, to describe a stupid person. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term lemon appeared in print in 1863 in that manner, a synonym for dimwit.
Why the negative connotation at all? Why not an orange, or banana? Perhaps it is because the lemon is quite sour tasting, despite its bright and cheery appearance. For such a happy-looking fruit, one cannot just chomp into it the way one might with an orange or banana. It may be that the first to use the word this way meant something which looked nice but did not live up to expectations upon closer examination.
But it was 1909 in the Saturday Evening Post where the OED found the first reference to an undesirable non-human thing being described as a lemon. "The wheel goes around; wherever the little indicator at the point of the pin stops, there is your prize – or your lemon."
Its first use in print to describe a bad car seems to have been in the U.K., in a 1931 edition of the Morning Post, where a man described selling "five lemons" for 210 British Pounds. The paper noted for its readers "'Lemon' was a term used in the trade for second-had cars of little value."
According to the OED, lemon was used to describe other things of questionable value but the attachment to defective automobiles became stronger as cars became ubiquitous. I do wonder if a car company today would use an ad such as this, run by Volkswagen in 1960. I understand the point they make with those words beneath the "Lemon" but I suspect most car companies would balk at such an association today.
Of course, those things sold like hotcakes and the ad is now considered a classic. But those were different times.
The meaning of the word lemon became more nuanced over time. The Saturday Review mentioned in 1972, "Mechanics are less than delighted to see lines of lemons converging on their service department." The implication there was that lemon did not just mean defective but had a connotation that the cars were difficult to repair.
The term even caught on in Australia, where I am told they speak a version of our language. The Sydney Morning Herald, 1972: "The effect of this on consumers is too many lemons or part lemons coupled with near impossibility of obtaining redress from the manufacturer."
Of course, it was during the 1960s that Ralph Nader's work, Unsafe at any Speed focused the nation's attention on automobile quality and safety. It wouldn't be until the 1980s that states started passing Lemon Laws but they did not call them that. They gave them names like "An Act Concerning Automobile Warranties," or "New Motor Vehicle Warranties." The latter of those two is the poetic result achieved by the Michigan State Legislature, but they do note on their website that the law is popularly known as the Lemon Law.
Follow me on Twitter: @stevelehto
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Steve Lehto has been practicing law for 23 years, almost exclusively in consumer protection and Michigan lemon law. He wrote The Lemon Law Bible and Chrysler's Turbine Car: The Rise and Fall of Detroit's Coolest Creation.
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All publications are published by AWI unless otherwise stated.


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Warren Buffett's MidAmerican Energy utility developer is shelving plans to build a nuclear plant in Iowa, the Des Moines register's Perry Beeman and William Petroski report.
The modular design of the plant was deemed too experimental, and there remains uncertainty about whether fossil fuel plants will be punished by carbon taxing, they said.
Local politics also played a factor.
Until last year, no new nuclear reactors had been approved in the U.S. since 1978.


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The controversial diabetes drug rosiglitazone (Avandia) was not associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events and mortality in diabetic patients who had established coronary artery disease (CAD), researchers found.
In a post-hoc analysis of data from the BARI 2D trial, patients taking rosiglitazone had an equal likelihood of dying over 5 years as those who didn't take any drug in the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.18, P=0.29), Richard Bach, MD, of Washington University in St. Louis, and colleagues reported online in Circulation.
Action Points
- Rosiglitazone (Avandia) won't increase the risk of major cardiovascular events and mortality in diabetic patients who have established coronary artery disease.
- Point out that the drug also appeared to significantly lower the risk of a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke.
The drug also appeared to significantly lower the risk of a composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55-0.93, P=0.01), they reported.
The current publication is an update from data reported at the 2010 American Diabetes Association meeting, and now includes propensity-matched analyses in order to "thoroughly examine the question of whether rosiglitazone was associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in BARI 2D," Bach said in an email to MedPage Today.
"Each of the analytic methods employed has strengths and limitations, yet, of note, neither show a significant association of rosiglitazone use with death or MI in this potentially highly vulnerable population of patients with type 2 diabetes and established CAD where long-term cardiovascular outcomes were prospectively collected and carefully adjudicated," Bach said in the email.
When the data were presented at the 2010 meeting, they were a stark contrast to two other studies reported at the meeting. One was an updated meta-analysis by Steven Nissen, MD, of the Cleveland Clinic, and colleagues, which found a significantly increased risk of MI with use of the drug, and the other was an analysis of FDA data that found a higher risk of a composite of stroke, heart failure, MI, and death.
The release of the updated data comes just months after an FDA advisory panel recommended that the agency loosen restrictions on prescribing of the drug, which were set in 2010 after several studies had found an increased risk of MI with use of the drug.
The change of heart was sparked largely by a readjudication of GlaxoSmithKline's RECORD trial, which turned up results similar to the first analysis: rosiglitazone didn't increase the risk of a composite of cardiovascular death, MI, and stroke.
In addition to the updated Cox regression models, Bach and colleagues conducted propensity matching to investigate the link between the drug and heart and mortality risk in the dataset, which included 2,368 patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD over a mean 4.5 years of follow-up.
In the Cox analyses, they found that mortality wasn't significantly different between patients treated with rosiglitazone and those who didn't get a TZD (1.88 versus 2.56 per 100 patient-years, P=0.08).
They also saw lower incidence of the composite of death, MI, and stroke in rosiglitazone patients (3.79 versus 5.81 per 100 patient-years, P=0.002), as well as a lower risk of stroke (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.86), although there were no significant findings with regard to MI alone.
Cox analyses did, however, reveal a higher incidence of fractures (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.51, P=0.03) that appeared to be higher among women.
Congestive heart failure was also more frequent among patients taking rosiglitazone, but the difference wasn't significant, they reported.
The propensity matching analyses turned up no significant differences between rosiglitazone users and those who didn't take a TZD in terms of mortality, in the composite of death, MI, and stroke, for stroke alone, or for congestive heart failure.
But it did show a trend toward a greater risk of fracture among women, Bach and colleagues reported.
"From our examination of over 450 adjudicated ischemic cardiovascular events occurring during 4.5 years of follow-up in BARI 2D and with at least 2,500 patient-years of exposure to rosiglitazone for each endpoint, it is notable that neither analysis suggested that rosiglitazone use was associated with a significant increase in adverse cardiovascular ischemic events, including death or MI," they wrote.
They noted that the BARI 2D trial provided intensive medical therapy for ischemic cardiovascular disease, so results could imply that the drug holds particular benefit among patients who are being intensively managed for cardiovascular disease.
They concluded that their results "contribute prospective longitudinal data regarding outcomes related to treatment with rosiglitazone among high-risk patients."
The BARI 2D study was supported by the NHLBI, NIDDK, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) Medical Imaging, Lantheus Medical Imaging, Astellas Pharma US, Merck, Abbott Laboratories, Pfizer, and others.
Bach reported relationships with AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, BMS, Merck/Schering-Plough, Roche, and Pfizer.
Co-authors reported relationships with GSK, Halozyme, Janssen, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Santarus, Takeda, Tethys Bioscience, and Amylin.
Primary Source
Source Reference: Bach RG, et al "Rosiglitazone and outcomes for patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease in the BARI 2D trial" Circulation 2013.


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The Bachelor of Science program in earth science is designed to give an understanding of the relationship between the earth and the human environment. The impacts of climate and resources on the global dis-tribution of human societies are covered in the curriculum. Students learn the importance of locale in human affairs in historical and in contemporary perspectives enabling themselves to see the present world in context. The program is designed to make students aware of the physical aspects of the earth, the intricate relationship of humans with the earth and of their complete dependence on earth and its environment. The program is ideal for students planning to seek careers as earth science teachers, urban planners, carto-graphers, meteorologists, industrial analysts and environmental specialists.
The program offers sufficient flexibility to add to courses in earth science from other related disciplines. In addition to the University General Education Requirements, students must take a minimum of 45 credit hours in Earth Science.
Earth Science All General Education Requirements (see ACADEMIC PRO-GRAM ) and the following major requirements: ESC 110, 202, 313, 323, 402, 403, 450 (total of 23 credit hours); electives from Earth Science from the following; ESC 101, 103, 203, 302, 405, 411,412, 414, 415 (22 credit hours); Electives from Related Areas (77 cr hr. or more). NOTE: ESC courses will not count as part of General Education Requirements. Students must earn grade of "C" or better in ESC courses.


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An overview of good policy practice by the OECD Investment Committee
10 November 2005
OECD member governments actively seek to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), including in the context of the OECD Policy Framework for Investment. The following policy statement expresses the Committee's views on good policy practices to enhance the linkages between multinational enterprises (MNE) and SMEs. Download the full Background Report in pdf file format for further information.
The importance of linkages between SMEs and MNEs
Linkages between MNEs and SMEs are important in the context of investment for development. The so-called "spillovers" of know-how and technology from foreign-invested enterprises to the rest of the business sector is one of the main benefits of FDI to development. In most countries, SMEs account for the larger part of the domestic business sector, so overcoming the obstacles to linkages between large and small enterprises is of great developmental importance.
Maximising the economic and social benefits of linkages is an important related challenge. The ultimate benefits of MNE/SME linkages to the host country depend on the enabling environment for investment as well as the strategies of foreign-invested companies. Both host and home country authorities can play an important role in encouraging mutually beneficial linkages: they can help overcome information asymmetries; they can support SMEs' capacity to engage in linkages; and they can encourage MNEs to engage in partnerships with SMEs.
Information and matchmaking
Missing or incomplete information holds back many mutually beneficial partnerships between MNEs and SMEs. Authorities have a role to play in providing information and matchmaking services, including through national investment promotion agencies (IPA). They should consider taking steps to improve the flow of information about potential suppliers, purchasers and technology partners through national websites, business directories and business contact events.
Authorities may also consider more targeted approaches, such as working with MNEs to identify suitable local business partners and identify weaknesses that must be overcome for linkages to succeed. However, such approaches need to be carefully designed to maintain a level playing field among SMEs as well as foreign-invested enterprises.
Supporting SME capacities
To bolster SMEs' ability to enter into linkages with MNEs the most effective strategy is to create a healthy domestic enabling environment for investment. The OECD Policy Framework for Investment provides a good starting point for what governments may wish to achieve. A business sector with technologically advanced and internationally competitive SMEs, operating in a competitive environment characterised by the rule of law, is capable of delivering both linkages and their economic benefits.
While they should not substitute for broad-based policies aimed at creating a healthy investment environment, more targeted measures may also be called for. A strong case can be made for undertaking an effort to "lift" enterprises to the technological and educational level demanded by their potential partners. Other approaches have been attempted, such as interventions to overcome documented weaknesses in the business environment. The examples include extra legal protection to the participants in linkages, and guaranteeing and speeding up commercial payments.
MNEs are willing to engage more deeply with SMEs in countries where they are treated with transparency and on the basis of the rule of law. An area of special concern is intellectual property protection. One the main benefits of linkages, technology transfers, is unlikely to materialise unless the MNE is assured of the continued control over its proprietary knowledge.
Encouraging MNEs to engage in linkages
Host governments have been relying on a mixture of "carrots and sticks" to induce foreign investors to form linkages with local firms and to enhance potential spillovers. Some inducements have taken the form of direct subsidisation of MNE affiliates, such as tax credits to foreign-invested firms that provide tangible benefits to domestic suppliers, or concessionary financing of selected activities.
Insofar as such measures are based on sound cost-benefit analysis and aim to address a lacuna between the societal and private returns to certain activities, they should be encouraged. However, they raise important challenges for the implementing authorities, including proper monitoring, assessment of the hoped-for benefits and the need to maintain a level playing field between competing enterprises. This is not least the case for specific industrial policy or other targeted measures, which by nature involve an element of discrimination.
Some countries have relied on performance requirements imposed on MNEs. The ones that are most pertinent in the context of linkages are local equity, technology transfer and local content requirements. However, the experiences with such measures, that effectively imply an additional taxation of foreign investors, have not been encouraging. For this and other reasons, several kinds of performance requirements are proscribed by WTO, and regional and bilateral investment agreements.
Many countries are increasingly relying on investment incentives with linkage-related conditionalities attached to them. No formal economic objection can be levied against subsidising business activities in proportion to their expected societal benefits and putting in place safeguards to ensure that the recipients fulfil their obligations. However, such practices are second best to removing the obstacles to MNE/SME linkages and leaving the actual forging of partnerships to commercial logic. They may moreover be fraught with problems of consistency and coordination, since much investment promotion and subsidisation is done at the sub-national levels of government.
Related Documents


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- Page 1 TVonics DTR-HV250 Freeview PVR Review
- Page 2 TVonics DTR-HV250 Review
- Page 3 TVonics DTR-HV250 Review
Key Specifications
- Review Price: £199.00
TVonics dinky MDR-240 is an impressive Freeview receiver, but now we've got the chance to see how well that quality holds up when they chuck hard-disk recording into the mix. As the name suggests, the DTR-HV250 comes equipped with a sizeable 250GB hard-disk, which equates to around 125 hours of recordings, and like all products from the TVonics stable ease-of-use is a top priority.
A hands-on inspection reveals the DTR-HV250 to be an exceptionally well-made piece of kit. This is not a lightweight and plasticky box like the MDR-240 – this time the casing has been fashioned from sturdy metal and is reassuringly heavy as a result. Aesthetically the unit is very interesting, taking its cue from previous TVonics PVRs like the DTR-Z250. It's always good to see a company trying something a little bit different, and here the curved sides, glossy black finish and compact dimensions (just 185mm wide) create a distinctive looking unit, the likes of which are all too rare in the PVR market.
TVonics has introduced an excellent LED display that shows the full name of the current channel, plus the programme name scrolls across when you first turn over. On the right is one of two USB ports, which allow you to connect card readers and flash drives and view JPEG photos on your TV, as well as upload software updates downloaded from the TVonics website.
The rear panel is equally impressive. This is the first TVonics product with an HDMI output, which sends 576i/p, 720p and 1080i video to your TV (selectable in the setup menu). But even more pleasing is the inclusion of two HDMI v1.3a inputs, turning this receiver into a smart little HDMI switchbox for those with only one input on their TV. These will pass through 1080/24p and HD audio signals too, so your Blu-ray player is in safe hands, but the pass-through function doesn't work when the unit is in standby. These HDMI ports are joined by an RGB-capable SCART output, optical digital audio output, RF in/out sockets and the second USB port.
The inclusion of twin tuners means you can record one channel and watch another, or record two programmes at the same time. When recording two programmes you can't watch a third as you can on some PVRs, which you might find restrictive – the programme change keys simply flip between the two channels being recorded.
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The Father of the Year Awards at the InterContinental Buckhead honored Atlanta men for their outstanding contributions to their work, loved ones and community. Each year, the Fathers' Day Council and the American Diabetes Association partner up to raise money for the charity, garnering millions of dollars since 2000. Errika Mallett chaired the event with several other council members. The 2012 honorees included Gary P. Stokan, Robert N. Stargel Jr., Craig Kaufman and Randall M. Kessler. Photos by Chelsea Eidson


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Competitive field line up for HH The President Of The UAE Cup on Sunday
The Abu Dhabi Equestrian Club is again the generous main sponsor at their own meeting on Sunday, including the AED184,000 HH The President Of The UAE Cup, the second of the track`s three Thoroughbred feature races this season.
It looks a cracking renewal of the 1400m highlight with 13 declared and the majority look to hold a winning chance headed by Il Grande Maurizio and seeking a fourth win this season already.
Having won at Meydan, he followed up in the 1600m Listed National Day Cup here at Abu Dhabi, before returning the following week to land the 1400m prep race for this week`s feature.
He will again be ridden by Royston Ffrench and trainer Ali Rashid Al Raihe said: "He has been a real star this season as we hoped he would as he is a horse we always really liked. He remains in good form at home and, with luck from a bad draw, hopefully he can go very close."
When he won the prep race a fortnight ago he was chased home by Mutheeb, trained by Musabah Al Muhairi and the mount of Richard Hills.
He looked a bit unlucky on that occasion and the trainer also has Happy Today and Fityaan in the field.
Stable jockey Wayne Smith partners Happy Today and said: "He was a bit disappointing first time at Meydan last week so hopefully the return to grass will help him. His Highness Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum owns Mutheeb so he is Richard`s to ride and we think he will go very close."
Jaasoos was runner-up to Il Grande Maurizio in the National Day Cup, having won the race in the previous two years for Dhruba Selvaratnam.
He will again be ridden by James Doyle and Selvaratnam said: "We at least have a better draw this time but it looks a very hot race this year. I am hopeful but certainly not confident!"
Escape Route was second in this last year for Satish Seemar and Richard Mullen who said: "We know conditions suit him and the fact it is his first start this year is not a worry as he goes well fresh. However, it has to be the strongest renewal for some time so he would need to be at the very top of his game."
Doug Watson saddles both Finjaan and Marching Time, both for His Highness Sheikh Hamdan whose second jockey Tadhg O`Shea chooses Finjaan.
Watson said: "Both are very well and have a chance. Luck in running is going to be important in such a competitive looking race."
Sweden`s Tertio Bloom gives the race some international flavour in what looks the strongest renewal of the race for a long time.
However Il Grande Maurizio performs, Al Raihe and Ffrench look very likely to win the Listed Abu Dhabi Championship, the main Purebred Arabian contest on the card, with Mestor.
Twice a course and distance winner already this season, it is hard to see him being beaten.


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October 2, 1936 - February 19, 2013
Montgomery, NY
Vincent G. Stevens of Montgomery passed away on February 19, 2013 at Orange Regional Medical Center in Middletown, NY. He was 76 yrs old. Vincent was married to the Eileen E. Jonigan. He was born in Cornwall, NY on October 2, 1936 to Beldon and Isabel Conklin Stevens.
Vincent was a dockworker for many years for Yellow Freight and McLean Trucking. He was a member of the Teamsters Local 445 and 707. He was also a local fireman in Orange County. He loved the Yankees and enjoyed watching Nascar.
He is survived by his wife, Eileen at home; son, Scott Stevens and wife, Jenn of Middletown; daughter, Jodi Seaman and husband, David of Montgomery, NY; grandchildren: Brittany Stevens, Shannon Seaman and Evan Stevens; great grandson, Jaden Culver; several nieces and nephews. Cremation will be at Cedar Hill Crematory. Memorial Visitation will be held on Wednesday, February 27th from 5 to 8 p.m. at the Gridley-Horan Funeral Home, 39 Orchard St., Walden, NY 12586.
In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions may be made to the family.
Arrangements are by the Gridley-Horan Funeral Home, Inc., 39 Orchard St., Walden, NY 12586, 845-778-3811 www.gridleyhoran.com..


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But with that email reply, she gave me some hope. Hope that maybe I'd know whether my thoughts on the matter were right. That perhaps I had a lead or a clue.
However, with the envelope and copies she sent me, the Archivist for the Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston took away my hope of being right, but gave me such a special little unexpected gift.
A baby boy.
Okay. I knew he was there from my email, but that little bundle of joy wasn't exactly real for me until I was holding a copy of his entry in the baptismal register.
|Jacobum Cornelium Vaughn's entry in St. Patrick's Cathedral Baptismal Register, 1876.
Jacobum Cornelium Vaughn was born 7 January 1876 and was baptized 6 February 1876 at St. Patrick's Church on Galveston Island, Texas according to a copy of his entry in the baptismal register. His parents were listed in the baptismal record as "Danieli R. Vaughn" and "Anna Vaughn (olim OBrian)" ~ my 2nd great-grandparents: Daniel R. Vaughn/Vaughan and Anna/Annie O'Brien.
Now. Their names look a little "funny" but as the archivist so kindly explained in her accompanying cover letter, their names are in Latin form. So, I Googled until I found what everything meant. I'm curious like that. And if you are too, here are the websites I found and liked that help me out with the Latin in church records: The Parish of Atherton in the County of Lancashire [I really liked their table of Latin name forms and the explanation of how folks' names were written down.] and the Latin Genealogical Word List by Kimberly Powell on About.com.
According to The Parish of Atherton in the County of Lancashire's website and their handy-dandy explanations and tables, Danieli was the Latin form of Daniel and because of the ending that meant he was the baby's father. And Jacobum is Latin for James, and because Jacobum was the one being baptized [the star of the show], his name ended with -um.
But what about his middle name, Cornelium? I was kind of hoping that was a clue to perhaps a maternal line in Annie's family. Obviously, the base of the name is Cornel- or Corneli-. Again the ending is -um indicating he's the star of the show.
But? The names written in the sponsors lines is where my hopes were dashed. His sponsors were Cornelio A. Donohoe and Lillia A. Bruenne. [I think. A preliminary look in census records didn't clear up her last name for me because I couldn't find her. I will look again later.] The ending of Cornelio indicates a witness to the event. A witness. And not necessarily a family member.
However, I'm not in complete despair though. I'm pretty sure Annie didn't have any relatives here, but I could be very wrong. I, at the very least, have 2 more names to hunt down like the prey they are.
Not only that, but Annie's birthplace is listed as Dublin, Ireland. And remember how I wasn't too sure about Dublin, Ireland being her birthplace because it'd been listed on her death certificate where her youngest son was the informant? And he didn't even know his mom's mom's name so how I could I trust, really, that he knew where she'd been born? Right? [Dude. It's not like I don't trust you, but? I don't. Your mama had just died. You were probably upset about that, no? And you weren't there when your mama was born.]
Anywho, this document ~Jacobum Cornelium's baptismal register entry~ was created in 1876 which is much closer to Annie's birth than when her death certificate was created in 1918. [Kind of a 'duh' statement, I know, but sometimes those need to be said. Or written.] And Annie is more than likely the one to have given that nugget of awesomeness [a.k.a., her place of birth] to the priest. We don't know if Annie really knows where she was born because while she was there, she wouldn't have remembered everything. [Do you? That's what I thought.] But no matter. This is just a scrap of a clue. This is still a step forward in my opinion.
It's still daunting to think that I need to look for an Annie J. O'Brien who was born and hopefully baptized in a parish in Dublin, Ireland with a father maybe named James . And she may have been a Mary Anne in those yet to be looked for baptismal records. Maybe.
And what does this have to do with my DAR [Daughters of the American Revolution] and UEL [United Empire Loyalists] applications? Well, the reason I ended up with Jacobum's baptismal record is because I was looking for his younger sister's [my great-grandmother's] baptismal record. I need that because Texas didn't start statewide birth recordings until 1903-ish. And it was sent to me as well as other siblings' records [Because that Archivist rocks!]. I need evidence of her birth and this was the closest thing I could think of to the event of her birth that might have been documented that would indicate her birth. And I was right.
But I think the most important thing to emerge about this is the story ~ Jacobum Cornelium's story. I know that James [Jacobum] doesn't make it. At some point he dies young. I don't know when, but I'll find out. I'll try to find where he was buried. [Not an easy thing to do on an island on the Gulf that gets hit with hurricanes and has a ton of cemeteries.] He was possibly named after his maternal grandfather and he was baptized in a beautiful cathedral on Galveston, Island. And, yeah, it's still there today.
He was quite possibly swaddled in a blanket. Maybe it was cold. Rain or sunshine ~ who is to say? On 6 February 1876 little Jacobum Cornelium received his first of seven sacraments. Did he robustly cry while being held by the unfamiliar Father Glynn? Or did he coo? His parents were quite proud, I can only imagine. Perhaps Annie smiled at some point. Moved to tears? I don't know. Possibly.
I probably will never know.
But I do know he existed. His story was short. But little Jacobum Cornelium was here. I've no doubt about that.
So, little Jacobum Cornelium [James Cornel] has been added to the family tree. And to my list that seems to grow. You know, the list of people whose story I will find and tell? When did James die? Why did he die? Where is he buried?
But for now, I think I'll savor this wondrous moment ~ for Daniel and Annie had...
A baby boy!
St. Patrick's Cathedral (Galveston, Galveston County, Texas). Baptismal Registers. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston, Houston, Texas.