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I Stole $15 Million from a Putin Crony
The jailhouse confessions of an American kid who went to Moscow—and lost it all.
Not long ago, I learned the hard way what not to say in prison. One afternoon, a heavily tattooed fellow inmate with the faintest hint of a mohawk and a secret connection to an endless supply of chocolate milk was returning to the barracks from his job milking cows at the prison farm.
In a fit of bonhomie and thinking I might score myself a carton or two, I called out to him in greeting. To better insinuate myself, I decided to avoid what some here call "white collar speak" and others call "talking fancy"—i.e., proper, grammatical English—and use a bit of my newly acquired prison-house slang.
Story Continued Below
"Yo, punk, howya doing?" I stuttered, twisting my tongue around the unfamiliar words made even more uncomfortable by my many years spent abroad, away from American pop culture. Feeling silly, I reverted to form with a proper: "Did you have a pleasant day at work?"
To my surprise and chagrin, my neighbor didn't answer with a smile or even a surly grunt of acknowledgment. He most definitely did not offer me any chocolate milk. Rather, he walked up to me, put his hand on my chest and his nose in my face, and said in a low but menacing voice: "Don't you ever f——ing call me that."
Call him what? What had I done? In the heat of the moment and given my apparent faux pas, I decided to keep my mouth shut and forget about the milk. Later, still shaken, I asked another con for advice. "Yo, dude," he told me. "There's three words you never, ever use in prison, not unless you wanna get in a fight." I won't repeat the shortlist here, but suffice it to say that the word "punk" is most definitely on it—even though, to my ears at least, it seemed pretty innocuous, connoting images of Sid Vicious and "Rock the Casbah." Given the plethora of newly acquired and/or newly defined words—homie and bro and cuz and dude; down and po-po and mo-fo and grill—I'd apparently become confused over the proper usage of my new prison vocabulary.
Welcome to my world.
Let me introduce myself. Of most relevance to this story, I'm an inmate in a minimum-security federal prison camp in California, safely tucked away for a 50-month stay. For 11 years before I ended up here, I lived and worked in Moscow as a lawyer to the oligarchs, those incredibly rich and corrupt Russian billionaire businessmen who rose like sphinxes from the ashes of the Soviet Union and later flourished in (and sometimes fell out from) the amoral world surrounding Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Once upon a time—October 2001 to be exact, after graduating from Columbia University Law School and having spent several years slaving away for New York law firms—I left New York with my wife for the Wild East of Russia. I was looking not only for an escape from the dust and detritus of post-9/11 New York, but also seeking fortune if not fame in the chaos of post-Soviet Russia. My initial decision to move to Russia was, however, motivated by more than dollar signs. I'd lived there for a year before law school working as an idealistic researcher on democratic institutions at the Carnegie Moscow Center. It was there, while organizing conferences with Mikhail Gorbachev, Boris Yeltsin and other Russian luminaries, that I also happened to meet my Russian wife.
So my move was also—dare I claim it?—inspired in large part by idealism: the dream of a united world, the union of long-divided peoples and countries in a grand flowering of democracy. Misplaced? Maybe. Pie in the sky? In light of subsequent events, most definitely. But at the time, I truly believed that Russia's development promised a flowering of capitalist democracy, liberalism and union with the West in a grand, happy alliance. In my own minor way, I thought, I could contribute by helping West meet East on the vast international playing field of business and commerce.
That's all gone about as well as my own personal search for fortune and fame. Today not only am I in prison, the Russians are too. Vladimir Putin's prison.
I recognize that, in this era of Russia's discontent, of Ukrainian invasions and internal repression, my earlier ambitions now look hopelessly naive. And, in fact, by the time I allied myself with my first oligarch in the mid-aughts after several years representing him and his ilk from the protective embrace of a Western law firm, the writing was already on the wall. I just ignored it: With my newfound position at that first oligarch's side, I was suddenly exposed to the wizard behind the curtain, to the painfully thin veneer of pretty words and superficial support for democracy.
I justified my decision with practical excuses: The oligarchs made the Russian world go round; why not join in the party to influence events from the inside, help them do a bit of good together with the bad? I was star-struck too: enthralled by their bad-boy mystique, their bling, their power and—yes— their vast amounts of money. My first oligarch was a round, hungry man with a vicious streak and dueling households in both France and Moscow. He had made his initial billions in oil but then branched out—as oligarchs were wont to do—into sexier industries, namely entertainment. I worked as general counsel for his entertainment holding company, a heady position for a young lawyer, where I hobnobbed with Russian and international stars as well as the leading Hollywood studios and executives, who turned a blind eye to my oligarch's behind-the-scenes work as a propagandist for Putin and his kleptocrats in the hope of gaining access to the man's deep pockets and far-flung connections.
Later, lured by a big paycheck and despite warnings from friends, I switched allegiances to the man who was at the time Russia's most powerful and richest oligarch: Oleg Deripaska, who has been refused visas to the United States, reportedly because of suspected ties to organized crime. (For the record, Oleg has denied such ties. Forbes pegs his current net worth at around $8 billion.) Formally employed at his largest holding, I jetted around the world on private planes doing what I believed to be his often corrupt bidding. I helped him concoct schemes for how to secretly acquire companies, pay off politicians and avoid taxes. I spent time at his villas in London, Paris, Hong Kong and elsewhere with scions of venerable investment banks, boldfaced-named leaders of international politics and business and beautiful women with no apparent purpose other than to serve as arm candy. Everyone kowtowed to this new titan, pretending that his money was old and clean, not hot-off-the tainted presses.


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O'Sullivan Dam: Constructed 1947-1949
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abutment acre-feet acres approximately axis station backfill bars basalt basalt flows bid price blasting borrow area borrow pit bottom Bureau of Reclamation closure section Columbia Basin project Columbia River compacted concrete consisting construction cost Crab Creek crest elevation cubic feet cutoff trench dam embankment depth designed directed the contractor discharge Drilling grout holes Drumheller channels elevation 960 embankment settlement excavation feet downstream feet long feet per second Figure Frenchman Hills gate chamber Grand Coulee Dam grout cap hand-auger holes high-pressure gate holes were drilled inches irrigation Lake layers Lind Coulee flexure located maximum water surface miles O'Sullivan Dam operation Order for Changes outlet pipe overburden piezometer placement Potholes Dam Potholes reservoir pumping Quincy Basin reinforcement riprap roadway sand and gravel settlement installations shaft silt slope sluiced spillway steel stilling basin suitable rock trashrack structure trucks tubing tunnel lining U. S. Bureau valve house zone 1 material

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...but, again, why would this be your intent? Getting people to flip on other people isn't about establishing a connection between them; it's about finding enough dirt on one of them so you can get them to hand over the dirt they have on someone else.cphite wrote:The relevant stuff, if your intent is to establish a connection to Trump, happened prior to 2014.
If I want you for shoplifting, I'll go after your friend for speeding -- because while I can't prove that you stole those candy-bars, I can prove that he was speeding. Once I've got him for speeding, he'll give me evidence that you stole the candy-bars in exchange for a lighter sentence. It doesn't matter that his speeding has nothing to do with your shoplifting; the point isn't to establish a connection -- it's just to put him in a position where he'll give me what I need to go after you.
It's possible this is just a Hail Mary, but Mueller doesn't seem like the type to throw dynamite into the ocean just to see what turns up. It seems way more likely that Manafort has something he wants -- and he's trying to put Manafort in a position where he'll be forced to give it up.


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Letter From GLSEN Kansas
GLSEN Kansas is a local chapter of GLSEN.
Nationally, GLSEN works to ensure safe schools for ALL students, regardless of sexual orientation and gender identity. There are 39 Chapters around the country, which work closely with GLSEN national staff to implement programs, and to keep national staff informed of local events. The work that chapters do covers a variety of subjects and issues, from public policy to teacher training to supporting students and educators around the country.
Chapters like ours play an important role in bringing GLSEN's programs and visions to local communities. While some chapters have full-time or part-time staff, most are like ours and are entirely volunteer-based. We're always looking for new volunteers to help us ensure safe schools for all students.
Please explore our website to find out more about our work here in Kansas and to learn about how you can get involved in local and national events. Feel free to contact us, email@example.com, if you have any questions that are not answered on this site. Thank you for your interest and we're looking forward to hearing from you!


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May 5, 1873 is "Foundation Day" for the Houston Congregation of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament, for it was on that day that Mother Gabriel Dillon and her Sister-companions first experienced the joy of having Mass offered and the Blessed Sacrament reserved in the Chapel of the former Franciscan Monastery where they were living, across from the "Old" St. Vincent's Church at Franklin and Caroline.
It was not until November 15 of that same year, their number increased by three, that the Sisters moved into the partially finished new convent on Crawford Street, by Annunciation Church. In January of 1874, Incarnate Word Academy opened, and, a few months later, pupils were accepted as boarders. The noble work of Catholic education continues to flourish at this location today, without boarders, and has the distinction of being the oldest permanent Catholic School in the city of Houston.
It is amazing how much our first Sisters accomplished in Houston, a young growing city of some 10,0000 people, in a very short time. With more Sisters arriving from France and Ireland, they opened and staffed schools, and in some cases, even paid for the buildings which would later become parish property. By 1919, the Sisters were ready to staff St. Mary's School in Temple, Texas, the first "mission", to be followed shortly by several others throughout the state.
The courage and vision of the early Sisters coupled with the enduring grace of God has continued to energize the Congregation over the years. In addition to staffing elementary and high schools, we moved the motherhouse and novitiate in 1932 to a 38-acre tract of land in Bellaire. There we also built a co-educational high school in 1955, and a junior college in 1957, the latter for our Sisters in formation.
Another move occured in 1982 with the sale of the Bellaire property and our relocation to Bradford Place in the city of Houston. This time, the Church next door is the "New" St. Vincent's.
In response to the request of our Holy Father, we established a convent as a base of operation in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, and from 1965 to 1981, a number of our Sisters worked there.
Later, this undertaking became the responsibility
of the Mexico City Incarnate Word Sisters.
In the 1980's our ministry focus expanded to include many levels and areas of education, as well as pastoral and social services -- all this in accord with the talents and gifts of individual Sisters and the needs of the times.
In recent years, it has become easier to satisfy our desire to know better Jeanne de Matel and the history of the Order. This is due, in great part, to the untiring efforts of the Sisters who continue to make the writings and early history more accessible than formerly.
We strive to walk faithfully in the footsteps of our forebears, in order that the Incarnate Word may be adored and praised by all generations to come. Truly, in the spirit of the hymn we can say that "grace has brought us safe thus far, and grace will lead us home."


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Places for students to pray, meditate, and reflect can be found in a myriad of sizes and formats at colleges and universities across the country, ranging from entire buildings dedicated to multi-faith practices to small, renovated offices. The development of these types of spaces has surged recently due to the diversification of our communities and the hard work of campus leaders to provide holistic support for students. Johnson and Laurence describe.
The pattern that emerges from the historical survey [of the relationship between higher education and religion in America] indicates a clear direction in the United States away from Christian sectarianism, through a recognition of more forms of Christianity, and into the realities of a multi-faith America. Our colleges and universities reflect these changes, and their religious facilities need to adopt bold new approaches to the multi-faith realities of campus life. (Johnson and Laurence, 2012)
The reality of multi-faith campus communities are becoming increasingly global with more international students, requiring us to expand our understanding of students' spiritual needs.
Why did Portland State develop a prayer and meditation space?
Students benefit from having time and space to reflect and meditate. Astin, Astin and Lindholm determined through a study on students' spiritual development that experiences such as self-reflection and meditation have positive effects on traditional college outcomes including academic, personal and attitudinal outcomes (Astin, Astin, and Lindholm, 2011). Furthermore, Bryant proposes "providing spiritual support mechanisms" as a best practice for a welcoming campus climate for spiritual and religious diversity. Bryant defines these "support mechanisms" as "space for students to grapple with existential questions, spiritual struggles, and stressful life experiences" (Bryant, 2008). Last, many administrators are finding that students of all different faiths and no faith are asking, even demanding, this type of space, which creates a sense of immediacy and demands action.
The Quiet Prayer and Meditation Lounge (QPML) at Portland State opened with an interfaith ceremony on May 3, 2011. The space is located in the basement of the Smith Memorial Student Union, room 047, in what used to be the location of the Campus Recreation offices before they moved to the Academic Student Recreation Center (ASRC). The planning process for the QPML began in February 2011. A diverse committee of faculty, students and staff met frequently for the 3 months leading up to the opening of the space. Even when hurdles of rallying support, finding a space, and obtaining funding were met, there were still several considerations: What will the community standards of the space be? Who will manage the space and mitigate problems? How will the space be assessed so it can be improved?
Community Standards: It is imperative to have established guidelines for the space. Developed by the committee of diverse faith traditions, these rules should are visible to all who enter. The ground rules include: please use the space for its intended purposes, treat others with respect, please be quiet, shoe removal optional, and no sleeping.
Managing the space and mitigating problems: Managing the space is a collaboration between Student Activities and Leadership Programs, the Smith Memorial Union staff and Campus Safety. These tasks include, regularly checking up on the space, unlocking and locking the space, taking inventory of items, checking the suggestion box, turning on and off soft lighting, and cleaning. Despite careful planning, many problems may arise, such as theft, inappropriate use of the space, conflict between faith groups or students not respecting the community standards. The committee and Student Activities Leadership staff are consulted to help provide solutions to the problems.
Assessment: Quantitative data is gathered by a laser people counter to measure usage. On average, 150 people enter the QPML per day. Surveys have been implemented to understand what people are using the space for, if they align with a faith tradition, and what that tradition is. During winter term 2013 the survey reported that the largest faith tradition that uses the space is Muslim at 33% followed by no religion at 22%. Other groups that use the space include: Pagan, Christian, Buddhist, Taoist, multi-faith. Qualitative data is also gathered by keeping a sign-in journal at the entryway, by leaving an open space for comments on the survey, and through focus groups. This mix of methods has revealed ways to improve the space and ultimately the campus climate for religion and spirituality.
Developing, maintaining and improving a prayer and meditation space has a direct impact on many students in very tangible ways. One student who uses the Quiet Prayer and Meditation Lounge at Portland State University describes:
Thank you for this space, I just found out about it and have been coming in every day I'm on campus. It's been really helpful thus far for managing stress in the school day as well as directly supporting my spiritual practice [and] education.
Recent additions and highlights of the QPML include a new carpet labyrinth installed during winter term 2013, zafu and zabuton cushions, a spiritual/interfaith library and individual prayer/meditation rooms. Please come by and visit the space in the basement of the Smith Memorial Student Union, room 047. It is open Monday through Friday from 9am – 8pm. For additional information please contact Rachel Samuelson, email@example.com or Greg King, email@example.com.
Astin, A. W., Astin, H. S.,& Lindholm, J. A. (2011). Cultivating the spirit: How college can enhance students' inner lives. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Bryant, A. N. (2008). Assessing Contexts and Practices for Engaging Students' Spirituality. Journal of College and Character, 10 (2), 1-7.
Johnson, K. and Laurence, P. (2012). Multi-Faith Religious Spaces on College and University Campuses. Religion and Education, 39 (1), 48-63.


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I think i can give little supports to you. there are several synthesis methods are available to produce nanoparticles. Before 1950s people are believing and working with bulk materials like large sized particles. After 1950's richards talk, people come to know that particle with smaller size can give and show excellent properties than bulk or large sized materials. After that researchers try to make smaller particles in various methods. initially all are trying to get smaller particles from the large sized materials like ball milling, grinding and recently thermal evaporation, laser evaporation, sputtering, etc. these methods are called top down approaches to synthesizing nanoparticles also they are physical methods.
But we can also synthesis another one way is through chemical methods and that is called bottom up. to manipulate, control the nucleation and growth by varying the reaction parameters as precursor concentrations, temperature, pressure. this is another way to produce nanoparticles like chemical precipitaion, sol-gel, hydrothermal etc.
Hope u can get some ideas...thank u..
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Check out our Honda VT250F photo gallery with HQ pics. Last update in VT250F gallery:
Honda unveiled an updated version of the Honda BR-V budget crossover at the Jakarta auto show. The car, which has undergone minor changes in the exterior and interior, was estimated at 230 million rupees, that is, about 1 million rubles.Read more 2019-04-26
We select only big size honda vt250f photos for our photogallery.


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|Waxhaw, N.C.
|High School:
|Marvin Ridge
|Residential College:
|Ezra Stiles
2013-14 Season (Sophomore): Played Nos. 3 and 4 singles … Went 6-1 in Ivy League competition … 14-7 overall at singles in the spring … Had wins at No. 2 against Boston University and Brigham Young … Played doubles with Madeleine Hamilton, Sherry Li and Hanna Yu … 8-5 with Hamilton overall … 2-0 at No. 2 with Hamilton in Ivy League play … Reached the ITA Northeast Regional's round of 16 with Li … also competed in the tournament's singles bracket.
2012-13 Season (Freshman): Won the Special Contribution Award for her influence on team culture... Went 6-1 at doubles and 5-3 at singles… Won at No. 5 singles and No. 3 doubles with Elizabeth Epstein against Delaware State…Went undefeated in singles and doubles at the Big Green Invite.
Before Yale: Was a five-star recruit … Ranked sixteenth nationally and first in North Carolina … Won the Tennis Plaza Cup in 2009 … Was the North Carolina James H. Leighton Junior Tennis Player of the Year in 2009 … Was the Southern Closed Sportsmanship Award winner in 2009 … Won the 2011 Southern Closed doubles championship … Was a doubles quarterfinalist at the 2012 spring National Championships.


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In Chestnut Hill, change never comes easy. In fact, it usually takes a good public brawl and a lengthy, painful debate. As I've said in this space before, Chestnut Hill is a neighborhood where even a picket fence installation can be controversial.
Sometimes the controversy is what we should expect.
We've seen it recently with the conflict over Chestnut Hill College's proposed expansion. And we saw it with the plans of the Green Woods Charter School to buy the Greylock mansion. In both cases, a great deal is (was, in the case of Green Woods) at stake – millions of dollars in projected costs, major impacts to environment and population density. In both instances, near neighbors stand (stood) to loose significant elements of their neighborhoods.
It makes sense that projects like those would be the subject of intense debate. Both constitute the potential for major change in what really is a small city neighborhood. If you didn't have an argument about these things, I think you'd really have to worry abut the civic pulse of Chestnut Hill.
But not all battles in the neighborhood are about big multi-million dollar projects. Right now, battle lines have been drawn and attitudes have hardened in Chestnut Hill around a matter for which seemingly very little is at stake: a proposal to deliver 15 BigBelly solar compacting trash and recylcing units to Chestnut Hill.
Sounds great, right? The City is going to give the neighborhood the cans. The Streets Department of Philadelphia has been cooperating with Green in Chestnut Chestnut Hill (GRinCH) on placing the cans. The Hill is ready to join numerous other city neighborhoods that have the BigBelly cans. It's shapping up to be a win-win. But not, I'm afraid, without a fight.
Yes, that's right. Even the deployment of solar compacting trash cans – only 15 of them in total – has become a matter of debate in Chestnut Hill. What has been a slam dunk nearly everywhere else has some on the Hill insisting that the cans just aren't right for Germantown Avenue.
C'mon, these are trash cans right? And 15 won't replace all of the 30+ so-called "traditional" green trash cans that currently populate nearly every intersection on the Avenue. Not to mention, we curently don't have recycling receptacles on the Avenue. What's not to like?
Big Belly critics here have pointed to a number of problems.
First, they say the cans aren't in keeping with the historical character of the Avenue (i.e. they're ugly). Second, they claim the cans are flawed because they require a user (i.e. someone with trash) to touch a handle to open the compactor. (Apparently those people never enter buildings with door handles.)
The Chestnut Hill Community Association is poised to vote on whether to support the installation of BigBellys at its June 23 meeting. And the debate has gotten to the point where support no longer seems like a slam dunk. That's a real shame.
If the CHCA and the community at-large come out against 15 free, environmentally friendly (not to mention cost-saving) trash receptacles because they're afraid of the color brown and germs, it will further enforce the neighborhood's stodgy reputation – a reputation many on the Hill are trying to fight – in a way that's much more palatable than the debate about Chestnut Hill College right now.
It might seem small, but if we say no to BigBellys, it sends a message that Chestnut Hill is content to be behind the times and too eager to cling to the past, even when the past is represented by an artificially antiquated garbage can.


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Two Bedroom Ensuite Cabin - 3.5 Star
Up to 5 Guests
- 2 Bedroom/s
- 1 Bathroom/s
- Pets Not Allowed
Estimating your equipment size
We are looking for an estimate of the size of your Caravan, Motorhome, Camper Trailer, Tent etc. once it has been set up or fully extended (outside to outside)... excluding your vehicle.
Caravans, Motorhomes, Camper Vans, Camper Trailers
Please include your tow/draw bar in the estimate.
Widths are generally around 4 – 5 metres (13.12 – 16.4 feet).
Note: Include annexes of pullouts in width.
|Average Lengths:
|4 – 12 metres (13.12 – 39.37 feet)
|7 – 14 metres (22.97 – 45.93 feet)
|5 – 7 metres (16.40 – 22.97 feet)
|Fifth wheelers
|7 – 14 metres (22.97 – 45.93 feet)
|Camper Trailers
|5 – 8 metres (16.40 – 26.25 feet)
Note: Do not include the size of the tent pegs
|1 person
|1 × 2.5 metres (3.28 × 8.20 feet)
|2 person
|1.5 × 2.5 metres (4.92 × 8.20 feet)
|3 person
|3 × 2.5 metres (9.84 × 8.20 feet)
|4 person
|4.5 × 2.5 metres (14.76 × 8.20 feet)
|5 person
|6 × 3 metres (19.69 × 9.84 feet)
|6+ person
|7 × 4.5 metres (22.97 × 14.76 feet)
Please be advised that Site sizes vary from park to park and within each park. Sites will be allocated based on the measurements provided during the booking process and it is the responsibility of the guest to ensure estimates are as close to accurate as possible.
If you are unsure, we would prefer you to overestimate or give us a call on 1300 738 044
The two Bedroom Ensuite Cabin is another of the mid range accommodation options at BIG4 Tathra Beach Holiday Park. The main bedroom has a queen bed with linen which is divided from the lounge/dinning/kitchen area by a curtain. The second bedroom has a triple bunk. The accommodation has reverse cycle air conditioning, is self contained and has an outdoor setting on a covered verandah, which runs the length of the cabin. This is a fantastic value for money and accommodates up to five persons.
Cabin sleeps up to 5
Maximum of 5 adult(s)
Maximum of 3 children
2 Bedroom/s
1 Bathroom/s
No pets allowed in the Cabin
General Features
- Air Conditioner
- Fully Self Contained Kitchen
- Heater
- Iron and ironing board
- Lounge
- Open Plan
- Smoke Free
- Bunk Beds
- Queen Bed
- Linen supplied on main bed only
- Hair Dryer on Request
- Shower -no bath
Kitchen & Dining
- Cooking Utensils
- Cutlery and Crockery
- Dining Table & Chairs
- Fridge/ Freezer
- Microwave
- Oven
- Toaster
- Welcome Tea, Coffee and Sugar
Entertainment & Electronics
- Clock Radio
- Foxtel
- Internet - Free Wireless
- Balcony/ Courtyard/ Veranda
- Outdoor Setting
Plus enjoy all the park facilities and fun activities on offer at BIG4 Tathra Beach Holiday Park, as well as the many things to see and do around Tathra Beach.
You need to know
PRIVACY POLICY. For our privacy policy please follow this link ; http://www.big4.com.au/privacy-policy.aspx DEPOSITS AND PAYMENTS. A credit card payment for the full amount of your stay is required on booking. The Park will process a charge against your credit card and send confirmation to the email address supplied. Your reservation is not confirmed until your credit card has been charged and a receipt letter received from the park. CHANGES, CANCELLATIONS and REFUNDS. Changes and cancellations for stays during high season must be made more than 90 days prior to arrival. If a cancellation is within 90 days of arrival the deposit is forfeited. Cancellations at other times can be made up to 14 days prior to arrival. A $25- admin fee will apply to all cancellations when a refund is applicable. RECEPTION HOURS are 8am to 6pm. Guests arriving outside these times must contact park reception during reception hours to make alternate arrangements. Fees may apply to arrivals after 8pm. Guests who fail to arrive on the designated day or who arrive after reception hours and have not made alternate arrangements will forfeit the cost of the first night. SPECIAL REQUESTS are on request basis only and are not guaranteed at the time of booking. Please contact the Park for confirmation. A credit card must be produced in the name of the person staying at the Park on check in. Any damage caused may be charged against that card. Minimum stay periods may apply. With the exception of medically certified guide dogs, dogs are not permitted.Check out time is 10am. Late check outs can be arranged at an extra charge where available. Check in time is from 2pm. We reserve the right to refuse a booking at any time from any person reasonably believed to, Not be the person named on the booking request, Not be the person named on the credit card or not be authorised to use the card, Not be able to pay for any charges, May cause damage to the property of the Park or other guests, May exhibit socially unacceptable behaviour, Be younger than 18 years and not accompanied by a responsible person over that age , Be concealing a dog or other unauthorised animal. We reserve the right to eject guests from the park who are deemed by management to be behaving in a socially unacceptable way; causing damage; disturbing other guests; using unacceptable language or otherwise breaking Park Rules. No refund will be given and charges will apply for any damage caused. BIG4 Holiday Parks of Australia Pty Ltd is not the owner of any particular BIG4 Holiday Park. BIG4 Holiday Parks facilitates this booking service and is not responsible for the provision of services, standard of facilities or payments received. All bookings are made directly with the individual owner of this BIG4 Member Park and therefore BIG4 Holiday Parks will not accept any claims for refunds or credits.
More Cabin Accommodation
Family Polynesian Cabin - 3.5 Star
- Sleeps: 6
- Bedrooms: 2
- Bathrooms: 1
BIG4 Tathra Beach Holiday Park offers the Family Polynesian Cabin as an amazing economy choice of accommodation. 2 bedrooms, air conditioned and self…
Ensuite Cabin - 3 Star
- Sleeps: 5
- Bedrooms: 1
- Bathrooms: 1
The Ensuite Cabin range of accommodation is an amazing budget choice and is fantastic for those families watching the dollar. We pride ourselves on the…
Luxury Spa Villa - 4 star
- Sleeps: 6
- Bedrooms: 2
- Bathrooms: 1
The Luxury Spa Villa is the top of line accommodation offered by BIG4 Tathra Beach Holiday Park and provides all the luxuries you would expect from quality…
Deluxe Polynesian Cabin - 3.5 star
- Sleeps: 4
- Bedrooms: 2
- Bathrooms: 1
The 3.5 Star Deluxe Polynesian Cabin is one of our mid range accommodation options that still delivers on the quality and cleanliness expected of BIG4…
Holiday Villa - 4 Star
- Sleeps: 6
- Bedrooms: 2
- Bathrooms: 1
Our Holiday Villa is perfect for families or two couples. The two bedroom villa is very spacious. The main bedroom has a queen bed, and the second bedroom…
Poolside Villa - 4 star
- Sleeps: 5
- Bedrooms: 2
- Bathrooms: 1
The Poolside Villa is the second from the top range of accommodation at BIG4 Tathra Beach Holiday Park. The accommodation boasts two bedrooms, a queen…


text:
December 2006
Was there a concept of evolution before Charles Darwin?
Dorudon atrox, an ancestral whale from the Late Eocene of Egypt. Pencil drawing, digital coloring by Arthur Weasley.
Gingerich: Keith Thomson's book Before Darwin: Reconciling God and Nature gives an excellent history of the concept of evolution before Darwin arrived on the scene. He does a marvelous job of outlining how much was known about evolution before the 1850's. It's fascinating to read. Darwin didn't invent evolution. Darwin developed the current and viable explanation of how it works as a process. Evolution was well established in the decades and even a century before Darwin in the sense of knowing that life changed through time.
What does the fossil record look like on the microevolutionary scale [within a species]?
Gingerich: It is one of continuity and discontinuity. We know that some species don't change much over time, others exhibit changes, some get bigger or smaller, and so on. We see lineages appear suddenly in the fossil record—ones that we can't explain—while in other cases, early primates for instance, we have been able to trace successive species through time. So there are many different patterns in microevolution.
Is this pattern the same or different on the macroevolutionary scale [at or above the species level]?
Gingerich: Macroevolution and microevolution are parts of a continuum that are distinguished more by the scale of time on which they are studied. Macroevolution, generally speaking, is what paleontologists study on time scales of thousands to millions of generations. Macroevolution is evolution that happens on a grand time scale and explores questions such as the origin of major groups of plants and animals, and the development of novel innovations like sexual reproduction. Microevolution is what people can study in laboratories or in the field from a few up to a thousand generations. The evolutionary process itself, though, is not even microevolutionary—the process takes place on a generation-to-generation time scale.
Are you saying that the rate of evolution is fast?
Gingerich: Evolution takes place on short time scales, from one generation to the next. When you study evolution, macroevolution or microevolution, over many generations, it is often slow, but when you study evolution on the time scale of the process, a generation at a time, the change you can measure is generally fast. An example would be the evolutionary history of the horse, whose history starts in the early part of the Eocene. We have hundreds and hundreds of fossils that trace its early history. It appeared the size of a Siamese cat, then it was replaced by an animal the size of a fox, then one the size of a coyote—in incremental steps—until it reached today's size. These changes were slow, but when you measure the difference between successive fossil samples, you see that evolution was faster on shorter time scales. This is what happens when morphology is constrained and time [geological time] is long.
Evolution is a much more dynamic process than most people think. If you study it on short time scales, it's very fast. It doesn't take millions of years to make new structures or to adapt to new conditions. It takes a few generations—not even hundreds or thousands of generations. It's well known, for example, that students have gotten taller during the last few human generations. I think I can see this in the students I have taught for the past generation. Anthropologists have studied human stature and call this increase over time the secular trend in human physical growth. This means the fossil record is more the record of the environmental conditions during which change took place than it is a record of the evolutionary process itself. This is why the fossil record looks punctuated, that is, exhibiting periods of intense evolution and periods when nothing much seems to happen.
How do you calculate the rate of evolution?
Gingerich: In mathematical terms, a rate of evolution depends not so much on the numerator of the ratio but rather on the denominator. A rate is a ratio with a numerator [in this case, change] and denominator [time]. If you study a long-term fossil record, you will see slow rates because that's all you can see on this macroevolutionary time scale. But on a microevolutionary scale, where the time frame is shorter, rates are systematically faster. When you do lab experiments, they are faster still. When you plot all of these time scales together, you see a perfectly continuous distribution. You can then examine evolution on a generation-to-generation time scale; evidence shows it's fast. It doesn't mean evolution cannot be slower, but the upper limit is very fast.
Knowing the rate of evolution is important because rates:
- quantify, or measure, evolutionary change in relation to time, and
- indicate how the process of evolution works.
Some scientists use a rate in darwins, which uses a standard of one million years. I prefer to use a rate using haldanes, which uses a standard of one generation. Both calculate rates in terms of proportional change divided by elapsed time. What we are really interested in, from the point of view of the process, is generation-to-generation rates or rates calculated on one-generation time scales.
Philip Gingerich working on a fossil whale in the field in Egypt.
Photo by Jeffrey A. Wilson
Your team was the first to find skeletons linking whales to land mammals. Does the fossil record to date indicate a rapid change from land to sea?
Gingerich: Whales have not been collected on a fine enough time scale to see rapid change. This will be revealed through more fieldwork. So far we have fossils illustrating three or four steps that bridge the precursor of whales to today's mammals.
Fossils document biological change through geological time. The fossil record, of course, is supported by molecular and other studies showing that whales share a common ancestor with four-footed, hoofed mammals such as cows and hippos. Their evolution is particularly interesting because early vertebrates came from the sea to live on land, and whales then returned to an aquatic life.
My research focuses on archaeocetes, or "archaic" whales that were the ones that evolved from land. We find whale fossils from the Eocene epoch, which lasted from about 54.8 to 33.7 million years ago [mya]. These include:
- complete skeletons of middle-to-late Eocene Basilosauridae (e.g., Dorudon and Basilosaurus) that were the first known to retain hand limbs, feet, and toes
- exceptionally complete skeletons of middle Eocene Protocetidae (e.g., Rodhocetus and Artiocetus) that connect whales to an artiodactyl ancestry
- a partial skull of earliest middle Eocene Pakicetidae (the Pakicetus) that was at the time the first skull of the oldest known whale
What are some of the key discoveries about whale history?
Gingerich: The oldest whale fossil, Himalayacetus, was found in India in Eocene marine strata, indicating it was about 53 million years old. It has the misfortune of being represented only by a lower jaw with two teeth in it. It shows one interesting characteristic: It doesn't yet exhibit the enlarged mandibular canal later linked to hearing in water. That happens soon afterward. Another interesting characteristic is that this fossil is found in marine rocks. This puts other whale fossils that were contemporaries, such as those of the riverine Pakicetus, in perspective. All of the earliest whales that we know about so far were semi-aquatic. I am sure that they were still coming on land to give birth, to rest, and to mate, very much like modern sea lions.
Other fossil examples provide additional evidence. For example, nearly complete skeletons of Rodhocetus and Artiocetus from the early middle Eocene represent foot-powered swimmers with large webbed feet. We now have a complete skeleton of Rodhocetus. It's an important find because it illustrates and allows us to quantify the whale's transition from land to water. The proportions of Rodhocetus ' limbs, skull, neck, and thorax indicate it was a foot-powered swimmer. It would take subsequent generations to evolve into tail-powered swimmers. By the mid- to late Eocene, ancient whales such as the Dorudon were swimming like the whales of today, using their tail.
At the close of the Eocene, or early in the next epoch, the Oligocene [33.7 to 23.8 mya], the archaic whale lineage began to divide into two groups leading to the toothed whales and the baleen whales, and these in turn evolved into the wonderful whale diversity we see today.
What have we learned so far from whale fossils?
Gingerich: Whale fossil finds enable us to document the evolutionary history of whales, a history we were postulating from theory before:
- Whales are warm-blooded mammals that evolved backwards, from land to sea, which shows that evolution can go both ways; it is opportunistic, not deterministic.
- It hasn't been a smooth transition for whales. There is a stage between specialized foot-powered swimmers like Rodhocetus and modern whales: the stage of tail-powered swimmers like Dorudon that still retain vestigial hind limbs.
- Modern whales that are carnivorous today evolved from ancient artiodactyls [the mammalian order including cows, deer, hippos, etc.] that were plant eaters. It's an interesting change in feeding strategy, from eating plants to eating animals.
© 2006, American Institute of Biological Sciences.Educators have permission to reprint articles for classroom use; other users,please contact firstname.lastname@example.com for reprint permission. See reprint policy.


text:
I am constructing a close-packed configuration consisting of 3 identical right circular frustra or cones.
The first two are positioned in close contact and touch along the lengths of their curved surfaces, i.e. such that their vertices (or, in the case of frustra, the extrapolation to their vertices) share the same point in space. Imagining that the central axes of these two cones/frustra are in the horizontal plane, the third cone/frustrum is then positioned on top of the other two, oriented such that its curved surface touches the curved surfaces of the other two and with its vertex (or the extrapolation to its vertex) in an opposite direction to the other two.
What I am after is an analytical expression to define where the cones/frustra touch each other (and where the points of contact are close to the half-heights of the cones/frustra). What is also required to define the third cone/frustra is the straight line equation of its axis.
I'm not sure what level of mathematics is required to solve this problem, but hopefully it will not require elliptic functions. The geometry associated with this problem is very simplistic - are there any books available that bring together solutions of hundreds of such similar problems - this could be very useful to me? If I were to search for a solution - what keywords would be best to use?
Kind Regards,


text:
From Midwinter2009
Revision as of 16:58, 20 January 2009 by ChristineT (Talk | contribs) (→Saturday)
- GODORT Happy Hour Friday Jan. 23 from 6 to 8 PM. The Government Documents Round Table (GODORT) invites members and non-members alike to Happy Hour on the Mezzanine Level of Pint's Pub, 221 West 13th Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80204. Catch up with old friends and meet new ones! All are welcome and encouraged to attend! Walking directions from Convention Center
- RUSA Membership Social Friday Jan. 23rd from 5 to 7 PM at Baur's Ristorante, 1512 Curtis Street. RSVPs are not required. This event has been generously sponsored by Thomson Reuters Endnote. (1)
- YALSA Happy Hour Friday Jan. 23rd from 5 to 7 PM. Enjoy drink specials, mingle with other YALSA members, and win cool YALSA swag. Join us at the Cap City Tavern, 1247 Bannock St. We put the hip in membership!
- Anthropology and Sociology Section (ANSS) of ACRL Social - At Wynkoop Brewing Company All current ANSS members and interested members are welcome! The social is being held on Friday, Jan 23rd from 5:30 - 9:00pm. Hope to see you there! - Jen Darragh, Co-chair ANSS Membership Committee.
- LITA Happy Hour - Friday, January 23, 2009, 5:00 pm - 7:00 pm / Please join the LITA Membership Development Committee and members from around the country for networking, good cheer, and great fun! Expect lively conversation and excellent drinks. Lodo's Bar & Grill 1946 Market Street; Denver, CO, 80202; 303.293.8555
- ACRL Instruction Section Soiree at the 2009 Midwinter Conference - Join us on Friday night during Midwinter for our Soiree! We'll be meeting at the Alto Denver to visit with other instruction librarians while enjoying drinks and appetizers. The Alto features New American cuisine, organic wines and food, and live music (jazz) starting at 6 p.m. If you would like to stay for dinner, Entrees range in price from $19-$29. Charge cards will be accepted for entrees though cash will be required if you order only drinks and/or appetizers. 5:00pm - 7:00pm; Alto Denver; 1320 15th Street
- Meet the Candidates for ALA President Saturday Jan. 24rd from 5:30 to 7:30 PM in Ballroom 4 at the Hyatt Regency Denver. Reception for all ALA Midwinter attendees and an opportunity to meet the candidates for the position of ALA President.
- ACRL Women's Studies Section (WSS) Social Saturday, January 24 6:00pm - 8:00pm, Trios Enoteca wine bar, 1730 Wynkoop St. (across from Union Station) -- Follow us up from the General Membership Forum or drop by as your schedule allows. All are welcome!
- ACRL Distance Learning Section (DLS) Social ~ Enjoy fellowship over food with librarians you know & those you have yet to meet ~ Saturday January 24, 5:00 - 7:00 PM at the Wazee Supper Club, 1600 15th Street http://wazeesupperclub.com/Home.htm ; Register Now! Only $16 per person - includes pizza, salad and non-alcoholic beverages ; Online reservation now available at https://marvin.foresightint.com/surveys/Tier1Survey/ACRL/279 ; Questions? Contact Jane Hutton at email@example.com
- ALCTS Members Midwinter Reception - Come visit with old friends and possibly meet new ones at the ALCTS reception. 6pm - 8pm; Room 503/504 Convention Center. Recipients of ALCTS Awards will be announced!
- Facebook Librarians After Hours Social - Continuing what is now a tradition, we'll meet at the Corner Office Denver for drinks on the Saturday of the conference. After a long day of meetings, programs and combing the exhibits, come relax with friends and colleagues have a beer, martini or other drink of your choice. Visit the Corner Office website at http://www.thecornerofficedenver.com/ Join the ALA Member Group at http://www.facebook.com/home.php?#/group.php?gid=2216059283
- NMRT Midwinter Social - At Croc's Mexican Bar & Grill; 1630 Market St; 5:30pm - 7:30pm.
- Spectrum Social, ALA Midwinter Denver 2009 The Spectrum Scholars Midwinter Social will take place on Saturday, January 24, 2008 at 7pm. Location: Bayou Bob's Restaurant and Bar - http://www.bayoubobs.com/. If you plan on attending, RSVP to Sandy Littletree, slittletree [at] gmail.com.
- Freedom to Read Foundation Reception/Author Event 6:30-9:00 p.m., Tattered Cover Book Store, 1628 16th St. in LoDo. featuring frequently challenged YA author Lauren Myracle. Tickets are $25 and available at http://www.dplfriends.org. All proceeds benefit the Freedom to Read Foundation, the First Amendment legal arm of the library community. Refreshments will be provided.
- Science and Technology Librarians: IEEE Breakfast at ALA Midwinter--Reserve Your Seat Today! Discover how access to IEEE articles and papers can give your faculty, staff and students the information they need to perform better research. IEEE invites you to its annual Customer Breakfast at ALA Midwinter 2009. Both IEEE customers and those interested in obtaining access to IEEE online publications are invited to attend. Space is filling up fast—reserve your seat today! Date: Sunday, 25 January 2009, Time: 8:30-10:00 AM, Place: Colorado Convention Center, Room 401/402. RSVP is required. To reserve a seat for the Customer Breakfast, please e-mail Phyllis Buchta at email@example.com.
- Progressive Librarians Guild Meeting & Dinner Meeting on Sunday, 4:00pm-6:00pm, REG, Capitol Ballroom 1 ; Dinner on Sunday, 7:00pm- ? , Mercury Café, 2199 California Street ; http://libr.org/plg/index.php
- Washington Doctoral Initiative Happy Hour 5-7 p.m., The Corner Office Restaurant and Martini Bar, 1401 Curtis Street, two blocks from the Convention Center in the Curtis Hotel. Meet with Faculty and current doctoral students in LIS to learn more about opportunities for PhD studies and library leadership. No host. http://depts.washington.edu/wdi/
- GLBTRT Social - Even if you can't make it to the meetings (and we know everyone's Mid-Winter schedule is full--or at least everything you need/want to go to is at exactly the same time), stop by the social for some conversation, snacks, and fun. You'll be glad you did! 6:00pm - 8:00pm; St. Francis Center, UOC Auraria Campus; 1030 St. Francis Way.
- Joint Youth Division Member Reception Monday Jan. 26th from 6:00 to 7:30. Finish your day here, mingle with peers and enjoy light hors d'oevres as well as wine and beer, compliments of the sponsor Hyperion Books for Children.
- Chapter Councilors' Reception & Scholarship Fundraiser. This reception will be held from 6:00-7:30 p.m. in the Denver Public Library in the Vida Ellison Gallery, Level 7. Get to know your fellow Chapter Councilors and raise funds for ALA's Library Scholarship fund at the same time! Guests are welcome. $25 per person at the door. Cash or checks. For more information, contact Linda Tillson, Director, Park City Library, P.O. Box 668, Park City, UT 84060; (435) 615-5605. RSVP to either Linda Tillson or Shelley Walchak by January 20th so the correct amount of food can be ordered.


text:
This Molyorbital™ molecular orbital organic structures kit contains sufficient parts to make 4 easy to self-assemble molecular orbital models of the four organic molecular orbital models shown, ethane, ethene, ethyne, and benzene. The models show σ-bonding orbitals, π-bonding orbitals, and the concepts of hybridization and delocalization.
Contents of the Molyorbital™ molecular orbital organic structures kit
The contents are contained within a sturdy plastic storage box. The 99 components are enough to make the following models
- ethane
- ethene
- ethyne
- benzene
The Molymod system is the original, unique, dual-scale system of high quality low-cost molecular models. These enormously popular sets are ideal for college use but are also used by scientists all over the world. The Molyorbital sets complement the Molymod sets, also available here.
Important notice: Molymod and Molyorbital molecular model and orbital products are scientific educational and visualization aids, and consequently are not suitable for children less than 10 years old.
With each order we'll send you a free silky periodic table bookmark and a free glossy laminated postcard sized periodic table for your noticeboard!


text:
Montenegro Population: 644,5781 VISITOR FROM HERE!
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
|The use of the name Crna Gora or Black Mountain (Montenegro) began in the 13th century in reference to a highland region in the Serbian province of Zeta. The later medieval state of Zeta maintained its existence until 1496 when Montenegro finally fell under Ottoman rule. Over subsequent centuries, Montenegro managed to maintain a level of autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro was a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it transformed into a secular principality. Montenegro was recognized as an independent sovereign principality at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. After World War I, during which Montenegro fought on the side of the Allies, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, creating the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, shifting to a looser State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia barely exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally restore its independence on 3 June 2006.
Strategic location along the Adriatic coast
|Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 13,812 sq km
land: 13,452 sq km
water: 360 sq km
Size comparison: slightly smaller than Connecticut
|Land Boundaries:
|total: 680 km border countries (5): Albania 186 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 242 km, Croatia 19 km, Kosovo 76 km, Serbia 157 km
|293.5 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
continental shelf: defined by treaty
|Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland
|highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus
|Elevation extremes:
|Natural resources:
|bauxite, hydroelectricity
|Land use:
| agricultural land: 38.2% arable land 12.9%; permanent crops 1.2%; permanent pasture 24.1% forest: 40.4%
other: 21.4% (2011 est.)
|Irrigated land:
|24 sq km (2012)
|Natural hazards:
|destructive earthquakes
|Current Environment Issues:
|pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|^Back to Top
| noun: Montenegrin(s)
adjective: Montenegrin
|Ethnic groups:
|Montenegrin 45%, Serbian 28.7%, Bosniak 8.7%, Albanian 4.9%, Muslim 3.3%, Roma 1%, Croat 1%, other 2.6%, unspecified 4.9% (2011 est.)
|Serbian 42.9%, Montenegrin (official) 37%, Bosnian 5.3%, Albanian 5.3%, Serbo-Croat 2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 4% (2011 est.)
|Orthodox 72.1%, Muslim 19.1%, Catholic 3.4%, atheist 1.2%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.6% (2011 est.)
|644,578 (July 2016 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 15.13% (male 47,983/female 49,527)
15-24 years: 9.92% (male 29,003/female 34,907)
25-54 years: 46.83% (male 163,055/female 138,792)
55-64 years: 13.37% (male 42,998/female 43,168)
65 years and over: 14.76% (male 38,014/female 57,131) (2016 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 47.7%
youth dependency ratio: 27.6%
elderly dependency ratio: 20.2%
potential support ratio: 5% (2015 est.)
|Median age:
| total: 40.2 years
male: 39.3 years
female: 41.3 years (2016 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|-0.35% (2016 est.)
|Birth rate:
|10.2 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Death rate:
|9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
| urban population: 64% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 0.34% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|PODGORICA (capital) 165,000 (2014)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.83 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.17 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|26.3 (2010 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|7 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|39.4% (2005/06)
|Health expenditures:
|6.4% of GDP (2014)
|Physicians density:
|2.11 physicians/1,000 population (2013)
|Hospital bed density:
|4 beds/1,000 population (2011)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 99.2% of population
total: 99.7% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0.8% of population
total: 0.3% of population (2015 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 98% of population
rural: 92.2% of population
total: 95.9% of population
urban: 2% of population
rural: 7.8% of population
total: 4.1% of population (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|21.4% (2014)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|1% (2013)
|Education expenditures:
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98.7%
male: 99.5%
female: 98% (2015 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 15 years male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2010)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 41.1% male: 42.3%
female: 39.7% (2012 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Montenegro
local long form: none
local short form: Crna Gora
former: People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Republic of Montenegro
etymology: the country's name locally as well as in most Western European languages means "black mountain" and refers to the dark coniferous forests on Mount Lovcen and the surrounding area
|Government type:
|parliamentary republic
| name: Podgorica; note - Cetinje retains the status of "Old Royal Capital"
geographic coordinates: 42 26 N, 19 16 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
|Administrative divisions:
|23 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Gusinje, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Petnijica, Plav, Pljevlja, Pluzine, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak
|3 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro)
|National holiday:
|National Day, 13 July (1878, the day the Berlin Congress recognized Montenegro as the 27th independent state in the world, and 1941, the day the Montenegrins staged an uprising against Nazi occupiers and sided with the partisan Communist movement)
|history: several previous; latest adopted 22 October 2007 amendments: proposed by the president of Montenegro, by the government, or by at least 25 members of the Assembly; passage of draft proposals requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, followed by a public hearing; passage of draft amendments requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; changes to certain constitutional articles such as sovereignty, state symbols, citizenship, and constitutional change procedures require three-fifths majority vote in a referendum; amended 2013, 2014 (2016)
|Legal system:
|civil law
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 6 April 2008)
head of government: Prime Minister Dusko MARKOVIC (since 28 November 2016); note - Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC resigned 26 October 2016
cabinet: Ministers act as cabinet elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 April 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister nominated by the president, approved by the Assembly
election results: Filip VUJANOVIC reelected president; percent of vote - Filip VUJANOVIC (DPS) 51.2%, Miodrag LEKIC (independent) 48.8%%
|Legislative branch:
| description: unicameral Assembly or Skupstina (81 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
elections: last held on 16 October 2016 (next to be held by October 2020)
election results: percent of vote by party/coalition - DPS 41.4%, DF 20.3%, Key Coalition, 11.1%, DCG 10.0%, SDP 5.2%, SD 3.3%, BS, 3.2%, Albanians Decisively 1.3%, HGI .5%, other 3.7%; seats by party/coalition - DPS 36, DF 18, Key Coalition 9, DCG 8, SDP 4, SD 2, BS 2, Albanians Decisively 1, HGI 1
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court or Vrhovni Sud (consists of the court president, deputy president, and 15 judges); Constitutional Court or Ustavni Sud (consists of the court president and 7 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president proposed by general session of the Supreme Court and elected by the Judicial Council, a 9-member body consisting of judges, lawyers designated by the Assembly, and the minister of judicial affairs; Supreme Court president elected for a single renewable, 5-year term; other judges elected by the Judicial Council for life; Constitutional Court judges - 2 proposed by the president of Montenegro and 5 by the Assembly, and elected by the Assembly; court president elected from among the court members; court president elected for 3 years, other judges 9 years
subordinate courts: Administrative Courts; Appellate Court; Commercial Courts; High Courts; basic courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Albanians Decisively [Genci NIMANBEGU] (includes FORCA, AA, DUA) Albanian Alternative or AA [Nik DJELOSAJ] Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC] Croatian Civic Initiative or HGI [Marija VUCINOVIC] Democratic Alliance or DEMOS [Miodrag LEKIC] Democratic Front or DF [collective leadership] (includes NOVA, PZP, DNP, RP) Democratic Montenegro or DCG [Aleksa BECIC] Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC] Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Mehmet ZENKA] Key Coalition [Miodrag LEKIC] (includes DEMOS, SNP, URA] Movement for Change or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC] New Democratic Power or FORCA [Nazif CUNGU] New Serb Democracy or NOVA [Andrija MANDIC] Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC] Social Democrats or SD [Ivan BRAJOVIC] Socialist People's Party or SNP [Srdjan MILIC] United Reform Action or URA [Zarko RAKCEVIC] Workers' Party or RP [Janko VUCINIC]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|International organization participation:
|CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|double-headed eagle; national colors: red, gold
|National anthem:
| name: "Oj, svijetla majska zoro" (Oh, Bright Dawn of May)
lyrics/music: Sekula DRLJEVIC/unknown, arranged by Zarko MIKOVIC
note: adopted 2004; music based on a Montenegrin folk song
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant)
chancery: 1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 234-6108
consulate(s) general: New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Margaret UYEHARA (since 19 February 2015)
embassy: Dzona Dzeksona 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [382] (0) 20 410 500
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Montenegro's economy is transitioning to a market system. From the beginning of the privatization process in 1999 through 2015, around 85% of Montenegrin state-owned companies have been privatized, including 100% of banking, telecommunications, and oil distribution. Tourism brings in twice as many visitors as Montenegro's total population every year. Several new luxury tourism complexes are in various stages of development along the coast, and a number are being offered in connection with nearby boating and yachting facilities. Montenegro uses the euro as its domestic currency, though it is not an official member of the euro zone. In January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF, and in December 2011, the WTO. Montenegro began negotiations to join the EC in June, 2012, having met the conditions set down by the European Council, which called on Montenegro to take steps to fight corruption and organized crime. The government recognizes the need to remove impediments in order to remain competitive and open the economy to foreign investors. The biggest foreign investors in Montenegro are Italy, Norway, Austria, Russia, Hungary and the UK. Net foreign direct investment in 2014 reached $483 million and investment per capita is one of the highest in Europe. Montenegro is currently planning major overhauls of its road and rail networks, and possible expansions of its air transportation system. In 2014, the Government of Montenegro selected two Chinese companies to construct a 41 km-long section of the country's highway system. Construction will cost around $1.1 billion. Montenegro first instituted a value-added tax (VAT) in April 2003, and introduced differentiated VAT rates of 17% and 7% (for tourism) in January 2006. In May 2013, the Montenegrin Government raised the higher level VAT rate to 19%.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $10.61 billion (2016 est.) $10.1 billion (2015 est.) $9.789 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $4.242 billion (2015 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|5.1% (2016 est.) 3.2% (2015 est.) 1.8% (2014 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $17,000 (2016 est.) $16,200 (2015 est.) $15,700 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|Gross national saving:
|5.4% of GDP (2016 est.) 5.1% of GDP (2015 est.) 4.6% of GDP (2014 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 81.8%
government consumption: 21.2%
investment in fixed capital: 19.5%
investment in inventories: -0.1%
exports of goods and services: 42.1%
imports of goods and services: -64.5% (2013 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 81.8%
government consumption: 21.2%
investment in fixed capital: 19.5%
investment in inventories: -0.1%
exports of goods and services: 42.1%
imports of goods and services: -64.5% (2013 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheep
|steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism
|Industrial production growth rate:
|4.5% (2013 est.)
|Labor force:
|263,200 (2014 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 5.3%
industry: 17.9%
services: 76.8% (2014 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|18.5% (2014 est.) 19.1% (2013 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|8.6% (2013 est.)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|26.2 (2013 est.) 24.3 (2010)
| revenues: $1.56 billion
expenditures: $1.63 billion (2014 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|36.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
|Public debt:
| 59.5% of GDP (31 December 2014 est.) 57.9% of GDP (2013 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.5% (2016 est.) 1.6% (2015 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$437 million (2016 est.) -$387 million (2015 est.)
|$370.2 million (2014 est.) $489.2 million (2012 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|Exports - partners:
|Croatia 22.7%, Serbia 22.7%, Slovenia 7.8% (2012 est.)
|$1.982 billion (2014 est.) $2.4 billion (2012 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|Imports - partners:
|Serbia 29.3%, Greece 8.7%, China 7.1% (2012 est.)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$599.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$1.576 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $1.433 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$483 million (31 December 2014 est.) $446.5 million (31 December 2013 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$133 million (31 December 2014 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$7.532 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $3.827 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $3.322 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
|Exchange rates:
|euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.9214 (2016 est.) 0.885 (2015 est.) 0.885 (2014 est.) 0.7634 (2013 est.) 0.78 (2012 est.)
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|Electricity - production:
|3.1 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - consumption:
|2.8 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|600 million kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|900 million kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|900,000 kW (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|24.6% of total installed capacity (20113 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|75.3% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|0 bbl (1 January 2016 es)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|6,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|622 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|5,987 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|0 cu m (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|0 cu m (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|0 cu m (1 January 2014)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|18 million Mt (2013 est.)
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|Cellular Phones in use:
|total: 1.008 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 156 (July 2015 est.)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites
domestic: GSM mobile-cellular service, available through multiple providers with national coverage, is growing
international: country code - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system (2015)
|Broadcast media:
|state-funded national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio networks; 4 public TV stations and some 20 private TV stations; 14 local public radio stations and more than 40 private radio stations (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet users:
|total: 418,000 percent of population: 64.6% (July 2015 est.)
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|5 (2013)
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
|1 (2012)
| total 250 km
standard gauge: 250 km 1.435-m gauge (169 km electrified) (2014)
| total 7,762 km
paved: 7,141 km
unpaved: 621 km (2010)
|Merchant marine:
| total 2
by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1
registered in other countries: 4 (Bahamas 2, Honduras 1, Slovakia 1) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|major seaport(s): Bar
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|Military branches:
|Armed Forces of the Republic of Montenegro: Army of Montenegro (includes Montenegrin Navy (Mornarica Crne Gore, MCG)), Air Force (2011)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)
|Military expenditures:
|1.65% of GDP (2015) 1.74% of GDP (2014) 1.59% of GDP (2013) 1.69% of GDP (2012) 1.75% of GDP (2011)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
stateless persons: 3,262 (2015)
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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Starz, Netflix And How Industry Jealousies Strangle A Golden Goose
from the we'll-see deptIn a somewhat surprising move, Starz has decided to not renew its contract with Netflix. Many other TV channels and movie studios are sure to follow as their current contracts end. Even though Netflix is somewhat braced for this, Starz was one of the few providers willing to supply newer titles, thanks to its deals with Disney and Sony Pictures. Not only that, but Netflix's licensing deal with Starz was somewhat of a coup with its bargain-basement price tag ($30 million) which helped it get its streaming service off the ground. While this loss will probably adversely affect Netflix in the short term, in the long term it may have more of an effect on Starz.
According to Starz CEO Chris Albrecht:
Starz Entertainment has ended contract renewal negotiations with Netflix. When the agreement expires on February 28, 2012, Starz will cease to distribute its content on the Netflix streaming platform. This decision is a result of our strategy to protect the premium nature of our brand by preserving the appropriate pricing and packaging of our exclusive and highly valuable content. With our current studio rights and growing original programming presence, the network is in an excellent position to evaluate new opportunities and expand its overall business.In between all the jargon, there's a message: Netflix isn't willing to pay us what we think our content is worth. Unfortunately for Starz, it may soon find out that Netflix was actually paying what the content was worth. In Starz' opinion, it can go elsewhere and make more. More accurately, Starz just has to go somewhere else.
Despite the fact that Netflix has offered $300 million for continued access to Starz content, it wasn't enough for those swimming upstream of the cable channel. In all likelihood, $300 million would have been plenty except for the uncomfortable fact that Netflix is beating cable television at its own game. Pressure from Liberty Media (which owns Starz and invests in Time Warner Cable) to create a new, higher priced tier for Starz very likely killed the deal:
[R]epresentatives for the cable network owned by John Malone's Liberty Media were insistent that Netflix create a new "tier" for subscribers who wanted its movies at a higher price than the $7.99 it currently charges for online video. That would have put Netflix more in line with the pricing of cable and satellite companies, a step the video company apparently wasn't willing to take.Unfortunately for Netflix and its customers, the content providers seem to think that they can reset the clock back to a "simpler" time by withholding new releases in order to drum up plastic disc sales or, in the case of Liberty Media, turning its content into a "premium" in an effort to shore up its flagging subscriber base.
"Starz could have taken a check from Netflix, but there would have been pushback from cable and satellite operators and its studio partners," said analyst Tony Wible of Janney Montgomery Scott.
This all points to an incredible level of arrogance on the part of the content providers. First off, they assume the public cares about release dates, exclusive licensing deals and PPV windows. I can assure you that the public could not give less of a shit about when, where and how the content providers release their movies and TV shows. Secondly, they do everything in their power to turn back the clock to captive audiences, tied to a single television and handcuffed to a single cable box.
The public just wants access to the content in its most convenient (to them) form. The game has changed (thanks to Netflix and others) and no one feels compelled to deal with one service only for their entertainment. Liberty Media may think it can set the price for its content to whatever dollar amount is best for it, but consumers have given no indication that they like sudden price increases. In fact, consumers are finding cable to be less and less essential thanks to services like Netflix, but rather than learn from the past, content providers seem to think that new media has to play by old media's rules and consquently, swiftly ruin everything they touch.
These members of the entertainment industry also seem to forget the file-sharing elephant in the room. (Perhaps it's because Industry-Vision™ corrective lenses render this animal as a "scapegoat.") If this short-sighted pursuit of DVD sales and PPV income continues, they're going to find customers fleeing to "content providers" who can give them what they want when they want it, all at a price the entertainment industry can't afford. And instead of being able to collect "too little," they'll be collecting nothing at all.
Filed Under: dowloads, movies, streaming
Companies: liberty media, netflix, starz


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Coming Soon To A Town Near You: The Campaign Bus For The Open Internet
from the vote-internet-in-2012 deptAs the two major party Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates begin the fall election season by doing various bus tours around the country, there's one other effort that's going to be on the campaign trail as well: the open internet. Reddit and Breadpig founder Alexis Ohanian has announced the Open Internet 2012 bus tour, hitting various towns and cities across the country, highlighting the value and importance of the open internet. As we've noted in the past, the importance of openness often falls by the wayside, since "openness" doesn't have its own lobbyists. But that can change. Reddit is helping to pay for gas, but Ohanian has also launched a crowdfunding effort on IndieGoGo to help out as well. Check it out, and in 2012, make sure to vote "Open Internet!"
Filed Under: campaigning, open internet, politics


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About Pilipinas Kao, Inc
- Company Profile
- The Kao Way (corporate philosophy)
- History of Pilipinas Kao, Inc.
- Main Products
- CSR Activities
- Contact Us
Kao Chemical Business
- The Chemical Division's Research, Production and Supply System
- Target Industries
- R&D and Basic Technology
- History of Kao's Chemical Business
- Chemicals Major Affiliates
R&D and Basic Technology
Basic Technology Development Meeting Varied Needs
Synergy with consumer products is what characterizes the Kao Group's chemical business. Our role as supplier of ingredients for consumer products to Kao Group companies gives us the opportunity to continually refine our fundamental technology, which in turn enables us to continue developing new seeds even as we meet the existing needs of chemical industry customers all over the world.
Through our chemical products, we will continue developing and supplying distinctive industrial products to respond to customers' trust and expectations and contribute to the future of industry.
- Multi-phase emulsive margarine (optical micrography)
Kao has utilized the multi-phase emulsion technology for fats and oils to develop a butter cream that is as rich and flavorful as fresh cream.
Kao has used emulsion technology for breakthroughs in emulsion liquid crystal research - and association of surfactant molecules - to develop unique margarines and shortenings to use in cakes and other baked goods.
- The effects of new air entraining superplasticizers on the dispersion of cement particles (optical micrography)
Kao recognized the potential of steric repulsion and has successfully developed uniquely structured new air entraining superplasticizers with long branching chains. These superplasticizers have been added to ready-mixed concrete, contributing to qualities such as: strong dispersant characteristics; steady flowability retention; high early strength.
The effects of the superplasticizers' steric repulsion have dramatically improved the performance of concrete.
- Cleaning for printed circuit boards by a high performance semi-aqueous detergent CLEANTHROUGH
Kao has applied its surface activities expertise to develop a high-function, water-based cleaner that enables easy wastewater treatment.
This multifunctional composition of this cleaner can also be used in the electronics field by replacing Freon and chloric type solvents.
Antistatic finish
- The effects of antistatic agents on plastic products (example of dirt chamber test results)
The most difficult step in creating an antistatic finish in plastic products is engineering it so that a thin film antistatic agent mixed in with the resin migrates to the surface during the molding process.
Through detailed research into the solubility of antistatic agents in resin, Kao has developed a quick-acting antistatic agent that migrates to the surface about an hour after molding. This has led to dramatic cost reductions by eliminating the aging time between molding and delivery.
Kao has also developed antistatic agents with prolonged effectiveness, and coating agents especially suited for use in IT-related applications.
Adsorption and coagulation
- De-inking simulation using flotation testing machine
The pulp fiber, ink, and foam are the three elements that play a major role in the flotation method for wastepaper recycling. In order to remove a greater amount of ink from the paper, Kao has developed a deinking agent that achieves a high level of whiteness by optimally controlling the electrostatic interaction of these substances.
- Effects of functional calcium supplement products on soybeans (example under calcium deficiency disease conditions)
The combination of plant studies and Kao's expertise in surfactants has been used to develop various new crop care products. Some examples of these include: products that reduce the need of pesticides by enhancing the plant's biological effectiveness; and products that improve the plant's resistance to disease by supplementing the leaf's surface with calcium. Kao's new crop care products have not only addressed safety and health issues but have also enhanced the quality and quantity of the harvest.
Emulsified polymerization
- Monomer solution before polymerization (optical micrography)
- Polymer particles within emulsion (scanning electro micrography)
The emulsifier for emulsified polymerization must also possess the ability to disperse and stabilize polymer particles in the emulsion.
Kao is involved in the development of many unique emulsifiers that, in addition to having superior basic functions, also possess a broad range of other important purposes. The new emulsifiers can be used in a diverse range of polymerizing conditions, create a stable emulsion mechanically and chemically, and generate special reactions.
Designing polymer functions
- Toner is used for making excellent copies (scanning electro micrography)
Copier toner, used for electronic copiers or laser printers, is powdered ink consisting of a colorant and other additives dispersed in a thermoplastic binder resin made up of performance particles 10 microns in diameter.
Kao was the first to develop polyester binder resin with excellent toner fixation at low temperatures and colorant dispersion properties. Through the combination of its unique colorant nano-dispersion and particle manufacturing technologies, Kao has developed toner for fast and high-quality full color printing.
- Developing fragrances by incorporating personal computer technology and the latest fragrance development systems.
Building on the latest natural fragrance research and synthetic technology, Kao has developed a variety of specialty products that are critical in creating new fragrances.
These materials, along with joint research between Kao laboratories in Japan and Spain, have led to the development of Kao's own fragrance mixes supplied to global markets. Kao's principal focus is to develop original fragrances that are both sophisticated and functional.


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Southern Magnolia
Black Beauty Loose Matte Mineral Eyeshadow Liner | Eye Definer | Root Cover Up for Hair!
- Full size sifter jar last 12+ months with daily use
- Smudge-free, crease-resistant, and blend beautifully
- Vibrant, long-lasting color can be mixed and matched for a unique color all your own
- Worry-free formula to avoid unnecessary skin upsets and ideal for sensitive eyes
- Made in the USA. Cruelty-free. Gluten-free. Paraben-free
To Use Eyeshadow: Dip the tip of an eyeshadow brush, into the powder. Tap brush over the side of jar so the excess powder falls back into jar and not all over your vanity!! haha! Brush firmly onto lids, crease, or brow, blending well for a natural look. TIP: Use our multi-use Stay Put Eye Primer for maximum staying power.
To Use as Eyeliner:
- For dry application, dip tip of eyeliner brush, into powder. Tap as the instructions say above. Brush firmly on lid getting as close to the lash line as possible, following the natural curvature of the eye. Once the color is on the lash-line, smudge it with a dry brush if you want a more subtle diffused line. Color can be layered to build line for added depth and drama.
- For wet application, mix a drop of water or our fixative gel to the powder either on the back of your hand or in jar lid and follow above instructions. Always keep 'wet' and 'dry' powders separate, as the consistency of the powder is altered after the addition of water.
Ingredients: zinc oxide, iron oxide, sericite
Note: Colors may appear different onscreen, depending on your monitor. **Sample contains 1/8 tsp enough for 2+ applications. Keep in mind minerals are very concentrated, a little goes a very long way!


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Lone Mesa State Park lies 23 miles north of the town of Dolores and encompasses 11,760 acres of incredibly scenic land, ranging in elevation from about 7,200 feet to just over 9,000 feet.
The park is closed to general public access while development and management planning is in progress. However, a Special Use Permit program allows limited public hunting during the big game seasons, as the park includes fantastic elk, deer and bear habitat. Along with oversight of the public hunting program, management of Lone Mesa includes monitoring of a livestock grazing lease and other Special Use Permits, involvement in volunteer and other service partnerships, and operation of a Visitor Center in Dolores. The Dolores office provides OHV, snowmobile and boat registrations. For more information, you can call the Dolores office at (970) 882-2213.
Volunteers at Lone Mesa State park recently counted butterflies both for the Colorado Natural Heritage Program and for the North American Butterfly Association.
For information about hunting at Lone Mesa, please visit the hunting page.


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We've certainly made fun of Woody Paige for a while around these parts, but we've still given him a level of esteem and prestige above that of a random late-night talk-radio caller. But considering the amount of basic understanding (or lack thereof) of how the operation of a baseball team works he showed in yesterday's column about the Rockies and Matt Holliday, we have perhaps been too generous.
Now that the Rockies have the worst record in baseball — oh, and how did THAT happen, by the way? — Woody writes that the Rockies should trade Matt Holliday and start over. That's reasonable enough; he's not the first person to write that. But, uh ... maybe he should look into some of those trade scenarios.
Or, consider: The Rockies acquire Cleveland pitcher C.C. Sabathia, who got off to a terrible start before settling. It would be 2007 Cy Young winner for MVP runner-up. Sabathia will be a free agent at the conclusion of the season. But it would make sense for dollars to the proven 27-year-old left-hander — probably close to $100 million over five years.
The Giants? Holliday would be The New Left Fielder, and perhaps the Rockies could pry Tim Lincecum, and others, away from them.
As Vegas Watch points out, that first scenario would involve trading your biggest chip for a player who is a free agent at the end of the season. And the second scenario would require the Giants to trade their best, cheapest, youngest pitcher — who's under team control for the last five years — for a guy with a contract that expires soon.
We know it's probably rote by now to point out just how lazy and ill-researched so many "mainstream" newspaper columns are. But sometimes, you know, it just makes your jaw drop, no matter how many times you've seen it.
Woody Strikes Again [Vegas Watch]


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On August 12 in White Mesa, Jennifer Cantsee, age 47 of White Mesa, was shot once in the head at close range. She died at the scene.
Nathan Dutchie, age 37 of White Mesa, was charged with second degree murder in the US District Court in Salt Lake City.
On August 15, Edgar Chee of Oljato was charged with second degree murder for the August 14 death of a two year old boy. The charge was filed in the US District Court.
On August 7, a bicyclist from France died after an accident east of Bluff. Andre Gerard Gerst, age 69, died after he was thrown when his bicycle hit a cattle guard on Highway 262 near St. Christophers Mission. He was traveling with a group which was bicycling from Chicago to Los Angeles.
On August 12, 23 year-old Darrick Warren of Red Mesa died in what law enforcement officials are calling a alcohol-related incident.


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This module defines the Soccer-Fun API that is concerned with teams. All available teams are collected in this module (allAvailableTeams).
|= [Player]
the fielders are supposed to have different numbers, and all not equal to 1
validateTeam :: Team -> TeamSource
replaceInTeam :: [Player] -> Team -> TeamSource
isValidTeam :: Team -> BoolSource