text:
These Tables are published, to make easier for interested families their possible researches on their origins. For the establishment of these Tables we used the Census of 1784, civil records, Statements of adoption of names of 1808, census of 1836, 1841, 1851 and 1866 and for later period used information of our relatives and friends older than us.
For more clarity we have refrained from giving dates and limited ourselves in principle to main filiations. We express our sincere gratitude to the Managers and to the Services of the Departmental Archives of the Haut-Rhin and the Library of the City of Colmar which granted us access to documents and made easier the researches. (S. P.)
Abbréviations: (27) = see number 27 of Census of 1784 and at the table p. 26 under 27, m. = married
We put an asterisk in front of family heads.
|Bickert David 26/1784, descendance not tracked.
Bickert Feyl 18/1784, mother of Paul Sultzer (18).
Bickart Hintel 18/1784 = Hintel Meyer, daughter of Meyer Bickart, married Paul Sultzer (18) see 124/1808.
Bickart Käntel 158/1808 married Meyer Sultzer (18).
Bickert, Bigard, Pickart:
* Abraham (Census 1836) married Marie Woog, see Woog (25).
* Emanuel Bickart (Census 1836): servant at his uncle's Hirsch Geismar, see Picard.
|In 1784, 3 brothers are counted: Judas (23), Jischen (24) and Salomon (24); but there was another 4th brother Michel (Oscher) and sister Blumelen. Their parents were: Libmann (Eliézer) Bloch, born cicrca (1720) and Beyerle Wahl (of Reguisheim).
* Judas (23) 15/1808, married Jüttel Hillenfinger 16/1808.
* Jischen (24) married Jüttel = Judith Geismar 183 to 188/1808.
Children, among others:
Children, among others:
* Oscher = Michel, Not counted in 1784, m. Belle Lévi of Reguisheim, descendance not tracked.
|1784 Fromet Widow of Feissel Geismar (27).
1808 No Dreyfuss.
1866 David Dreyfuss of Osthouse m. Mendel Wormser (9)
ROSALIE m. Samuel Rosenstiel, Colmar, without descendants
Berthe m. Salomon Katz, Colmar
Meyer, son of Abraham and of Caroline Loeb,
Children: From a first marriage:
Children: Maurice, Arthur, Marcel, Gaston, Alice,Marthe, Lucie
|* 10/1784 Salomon m.. Rachel Hirsch,
Children among others:
* 11/1784 Marx m. Claire Dreyfus
* 12/1784 Nathan, son of Marx Geismar and Esterle Franck,
* 13/1784 Salomon 2/1808 m. Vogel Levy 6/1808.
* 14/1784 Sussmann, 1st wife Vogel Jacob and 2nd wife Sara Kahn 64/1808.
* 15/1784 Abraham m. Feïl Goschel = Feggele daughter of Koschel = Foegele Weil 67/1808
* 27/1784 Widow of Feissel Geismar = Fromet Dreyfus.
|Counted in the 1851 census:
Joseph m. Adèle Wormser.
Lucie m. Isidore Katz, Colmar;
Justin m. Berthe Samuel, with descendance
|In 1784 four families:
* 20/1784 Joseph (Jeïssle son of David), m. Vögele Wormser (Ascendants not found)
* 21/1784 Aron Hemendinger (Aron son of Zvi), m. Nanet Franck.
* 22/1784 Marx m. Reffgen Krombach 55/1808.
* HEMERDINGER ISAAC of Stotzheim 46/1808 m. in 1804 Scheinel Braunschweig of Uffholz; he is the son of Getschel H. and Hanna Levi; his sister Beyerle was already married in Grussenheim to Joseph Kahn.
* HEMEDINGER JOSEPH, of Gerstheim, son of Isaac, m. Barbe Kahn, of Zellwiller.
FANNY, Brumath;
ISAAC-Jische, Strasbourg;
m. Isaac Lévy, Grussenheim, see Lévy.
| In 1784 - Jüttel Hildenfinger m. Judas Bloch (23); their daughter Minckel m. Marx Hildenfinger, see below.
In 1808
|* 1784 - The head of the community (PARNES) Meyer Kahn (1) m. Reichel Geismar, daughter of Marx Geismar (11).
1836 - Jacques Cahn from Wintzenheim m. Marie Geismar daughter of Simon (27). Descendance not tracked.
|No male Lefi either in 1784 or in 1808.
1811 - Nathan Lévy see Schöngrün.
1841 - Lévy Samuel m. Schwob Hélène (Hendele) who came from Riedwihr. Descendants emigrated.
1841 - Lévy Lippmann (of Westhouse) m. Ellele Woog (25), 3, A. Descendance see Woog.
1866 - Lévy Isidore (Etzig) m. Caroline Wormser (Gleck) daughter of Meyer (4)
Salomon (Metz),
Gertrud (Güttel)(Reguisheim),
Jéttel (Hirsch, Mackenheim),
Moïse (Barr).
|Counted in census in 1851: Mayer Elie son of. Jische m. Rachel Dockes
Güttel m. Gerson Hemerdinger, daughter o. Wolf 48/1808 without descendance.
Isaac (Willer Haut-Rhin)
|In the Census of the Jews of Bergheim of 1784:
* Joseph Netter, m. Güttel Haguenauer, declares his sons Baer, Isaac, Borach.
His son Bär was counted in Grussenheim 1836, m. Rosalie Dreyfus.
|* Emanuel Picard (Libmann), Mohel, born in Horbourg, son of Lehmann (Léopold) Bickart (Horbourg 35/1808) and of Judith Geismar daughter of Simon (27), grandson of Liebmann Bickert (Horbourg 7/1784) = Liebmann Bickart (Horbourg 32/1808) and of Blümel Wahl = Salomée Wahl (Horbourg 33/1808)
Emile, m. Jeanne Geismar daughter of Salomon Geismar (27) and Nannette Simon, of Muttersholtz,
Léon (m. Jeanne Bertrand, Lyon);
Maurice (m. Lily Becker, Lyon);
Valentine (m. George Singer, Strasbourg).
|* Nathan Lévi, m. Madelen Hemendinger was called Schngrun after 1811. He was member of the Consistoire Israëlite of the Haut-Rhin in 1841 (see Note 19, p. 26).
|Originally from Riedwihr, sons of Léopold (Lemmlé-Hersch) Schwed and Rosalie Lévy, grandsons of Samuel Schwed, great-grandsons of Leimele Schwed and his wife Gutel (Family # 2 in the 1784 Census of Riedwihr).
|Isaac, caretaker of the cemetery (Kafren), came from Riedwihr, m. Pauline Lévy (Brendel) (a large part of their descendance is in America); he is the brother of Hélène (Hendelé), see under Lévy.
|* 17/1784 - Marx, m. Rachel Seligmann = Rachel Hagenauer, daughter of Seligmann Hagenauer, of Muttersholtz, and Güttel Meyer;
* 18/1784 - Paul (Paulus), son of Feyl Bickert, m. Hintel Meyer = Hintel Bickert
|* 10/1784 - Weil Seligmann m. Esther Kahn.
Florette (Hallel, Niedernai).
|* 25/1784 David Woog, probably from Bouschwiller (Haut-Rhin) from the Leyser Woog family (1784 Census Bouschwiller 9/1784) or the family of Leopold Woog (ib. 17/1784) , judging by the first names of their sons, which are repeated in the future family of David Woog.
m. Elle Wormser, daughter of Abraham Wormser (25) and Regine-Rölle Kahn, grand-daughter of Meyer Kahn and Reichel Geismar see Kahn (1). Children, among others:
|* 2/1784 Baruch m.Hanna Levy, descendance not found.
* 3/1784 Nathan m. Bliemele Bloch
* 4/1784 Salomon m. Glück Isaac.
* 5/1784 Abraham m. Rölle Kahn, see. Kahn and Woog;
* 6/1784 Seligmann, m. Jentel Abraham.
Vasi (Feiss) m. Güttel Blamet 84/1808
Descendance among others:
1841 m.. Julie Mosbacher: descendance among others
Caroline (Güttel) m. Benjamin (Baruch) Wormser) (3);
Abraham, m. Victoire Lévy, children:
Durmenach); Julie (Ste Marie aux Mines).
* 7/1784, Samuel, son of Chaïm W. and Reiss Geismar, m. Brendel Bloch 122/1808
* 9/1784 Jacque (Jacob) 49/1808 brother of Samuel (7) and Jegel (8). m. Marie-Anne Weyl 66/1808
Seligmann 54/1898 m. Fromet Geismar 72/1808, see Geismar (27) descendants among others :
As long as the community was numerous and flourishing, religion was an integral part of the Jewish life of the village. All followed the religious laws and traditions. Without ostentation, each one led his own life in the same manner as the previous generations had been doing forever. Everything seemed natural; nothing was artificial. But with the decrease in the population, technical progress and materialistic spirit of our time, the religious sentiment weakened in our area, as it did elsewhere.
In our youth, Shabbat, observed by everyone without exception, was the crowning moment of the week, the day when everything in the narrow and low houses was transformed as soon as they were illuminated by the splendor of the sabbath lights.As in the poetry of Heine, the inhabitants themselves changed along with their clothing, their entire being. The services were attended by everyone, the singing of the cantor was the object of criticism by the faithful. The Lernen in the 3 Chevroth, each one done at a different hour, was listened to attentively by all the members.
The visits to the inns, however, -especially at Schlomes' -, also had their place; in a deafening noise, they played dominoes; card games were excluded for religious reasons. Fights among the young at times followed this less offensive amusement, brawls that looked a little like the catch that is so popular in our days. We remember an anecdote about this, transmitted from generation to generation in Zellwiller, village of the celebrated Môschele-Zellwiller. After the obligatory nap of the afternoon of Shabbat in summertime, an ordinary Jew rapidly opened the shutters of his little house exclaming: Schlagt mer schun? (Has the fighting started yet?)
Next to these physical exercises from foreign influences, true Jewish charity was neither forgotten nor neglected: Entire families of poor passersbys found lodging and food with our families, who received them like old friends. And it was not unusual that 20 or so individuals spent Shabbat in our village, put up in the barn of Lase (ins Lasés Scheier) and increased the number of congregants in our schul .
On the eve of Passover, the schoolboys would collect wood to light the Hômetzfeier in the courtyard of the Jewry (Jeddehof). There the Hômetz that had been searched for on the day before would be burned, and the iron saucepans brought by the housewives would be heated to glow, so as to make them proper for Passover usage (yonteftig). That was an innocent and free entertainment. If Passover eve happened to be a Shabbat, it was not offensive to have dinner in the courtyard . On such Friday evening a dozen families would dish out their meal in the open in the Jeddehof , and each would know the neighbors' fare, which by the way did not differ much from his own.
On tinchehov (9 Ab), everyone sat on the floor, and the same privileged ones recited the same Kinoth, year after year, on a traditional and invariable tune. A traditional, deep-rooted abuse was also to throw glouterons (Kletten) [thistles] - which in this season grew in the synagogue courtyard - on the neighbor who never failed to counter similarly. After the service that lasted until midday, the boys went down to the mill brook (Mihlbach) to kill time fishing, generally at no avail.
It was a must to walk all together to the Taschlischbach after the Rôche-Hachânâ Min ' hâ service, but it provided much pleasure and solace.
It was not considered a sin to burglarize other peoples' Soukka on Sim ' hath-Thora. Those liking that sport found plenty of opportunities to practice in the Jeddehof where at least a half a dozen of these huts has been erected without luxury nor taste, but with all the more love.
Let us not keep secret the art of Schormé (soothe a pain by pronouncing a charm); Daïlé, the daughter of a former 'Hazzan practiced it and so drew some income on top of her small trade of soap and candles. While writing these lines, I seem to smell the scent of these goods which she stored in her single small room. She had a competitor in her trade: Kleker-Etzig whose customers were in Jebsheim and who obtained his goods in Sélestat (15 kilometers away). He would get there every Tuesday on foot or benefiting from a cart met on his way. He told you with obvious satisfaction that he had already booked several orders for matchboxes.
Indeed life was simple, the people demanding little, but perhaps they were happier than those of the present generation with their refined taste and complicated needs.
(J. Bl.)
Please find below some sobriquets and nicknames used in Grussenheim (part of which have been cited above):
According to their occupation or trade you had: Fésch-Büne, a woman selling fish and Fésch-Lippmann, her husband; Conscrits-Haendler the man supplying substitutes for military service; Eise-Frumele a hardware dealer; Gase-Schmule a goat trader; Gold-Douved traded in of gold; Mohl-Lippmann a Môhel; Schouf-Meyerlé a sheep trader; according to their physical appearance there were: Alt-Froumél an old man; Grauss-Froumel a big man; Buckel-Etzig a hunchback; Krumm-Fuhle a lame man; Langschueh had large feet; Rot-Salme a redhead; Schwarz-Meyer was dark-haired; Garte-eisik owned a large garden; Herre-Fuhle was pretentious; s'Hersche Lippmann worked for Hirsch Geismar; Keriche-Motschel was living near the church; the Meyers from Riedwihr were called Mükker: Mükker-Elje and Katze-Mükker (who mimicked cats meowing); Chineser-Leïwelé (had participated in the campaign of China) (1857-1860). We have no explanation for: Gogger-Elje, Goldscheisserlé, Mummele-Eisik, Renner (maybe salesman), Wendmeller.
|Necessary research to establish these tables was done exclusively by Mr Salomon Picard. (J. Bl.) Return
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
the translation. The reader may wish to refer to the original material
for verification.
JewishGen is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and cannot rewrite or edit the text to correct inaccuracies and/or omissions.
Our mission is to produce a translation of the original work and we cannot verify the accuracy of statements or alter facts cited.
Grussenheim, France Yizkor Book Project JewishGen Home Page
Copyright © 1999-2019 by JewishGen, Inc.
Updated 6 Apr 2007 by LA


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Assistant General Manager, Resort Operations - Dolphins Cove Res
**Assistant General Manager, Resort Operations**
The Assistant General Manager, Resort Operations serves as a supporting role to the General Manager, Resort Operations. The Assistant General Manager is responsible for the development and execution of resort operations while maintaining the integrity of Wyndham Vacation Ownership service standards. He/She will oversee the daily operation of all resort departments including, but not limited to: Guest Services, Housekeeping and Maintenance. The Assistant General Manager is responsible for various financial aspects of the resort and for ensuring all relationships with our guests, associates, sales, vendors and board members are maintained positively and professionally at all times.
**Essential Job Functions**
Responsibilities include, but are not limited to:
**1.** Responsible for maintaining the overall operation of the resort: Oversee various resort department managers. Demonstrate a passion and understanding of company goals, concepts, practices, and procedures for managed work group(s) and how they support related operations. Ensure the site meets quality, internal, and loss prevention standards by performing audits and inspections. Identify process improvements and best practices. Execute strategic goals, participate/facilitate committee and team projects. Maintain safety of resort for guests, owners and staff. (35% time)
**2.** Maintain positive customer and associate relationships: Embrace and exhibit the highest level of ethics and integrity consistent with Wyndham standards, demonstrate an ability to motivate and communicate expectations with humility and respect. Exercise the ability to attract, coach, train, and retain talent by engaging and showing a genuine passion to develop others. Partner with Human Resources to minimize employee relations issues and exposure to litigation with particular emphasis on documentation, harassment and discrimination. (30% time)
**3.** Manage and support financial aspects of the resort: Understand and formulate annual operations budget by identifying areas of cost reductions, operational improvements and periodic analysis of expense data. Work with Corporate accounting team to prepare, review and analyze monthly financial reports and be able to describe impact of revenue, profit or expenses that could affect financial results. Understand monthly P&L reports. Work with regional accounting partners to ensure compliance, manage and forecast annual budgets for each department, review and respond to variances. Ensure the site meets all IA standards. (15% time)
**4.** Build and maintain strong working knowledge of HOA relationship: Exhibit working knowledge of standards and documents for HOA, understand governing statues and board meeting procedures. Collaborate with General Manager to ensure all contracts negotiated on behalf of the HOA are presented in correct legal fashion and vetted prior to implementation. (10% time)
**5.** Be a change agent for the company. Initiate and implement resort management strategic initiatives and programs developed to enhance guest satisfaction. Identify areas of process improvement and leverage best practices by working with appropriate corporate resources as necessary. (5%)
**6.** Performs other duties as needed. (5% time)
**Travel Requirements**
Must be able to travel infrequently for short durations (1-4 days) to attend Corporate/Regional Meetings and training seminars **.**
**Minimum Requirements and Qualifications**
o BA/BS degree
o Associate Governance preferred
o Community Associate Management Certification preferred.
**Training requirements**
o Hospitality certifications preferred
o CMCA
o CPR
o Certified Pool Operator preferred
**Knowledge and skills**
+ Have proven strong leadership ability; demonstrate understanding and application of management approaches for work direction, motivation, performance management and disciplinary action.
+ Possess innate analytical ability to grasp numbers and understand their impact (e.g. demonstrated ability to work under pressure, or possesses good written and oral communication skills).
+ Demonstrate the highest level of customer service to current and prospective owners in order to maintain a positive brand image and company reputation.
+ Ability to ensure administrative functions and duties are assigned and completed according to WD standards, including timekeeping, vendor/board contracts, revenue documents and personnel action forms.
+ Create a positive work environment by maintaining the highest level of ethics and integrity consistent with applicable regulatory standards and Wyndham Destinations values.
+ Commands a presence of respect and humility; demonstrating the ability to motivate and readily communicate expectations and follow up.
+ Working knowledge of the composition of Association documents, some understanding of governing statutes and board meeting procedures.
+ Proven success managing budgets.
+ Demonstrated knowledge & application of applicable codes, laws & regulations.
+ Working Knowledge of Housekeeping, Front Desk, Maintenance, F&B departments.
+ Understanding of Labor Relations (where appropriate).
+ Professional appearance and excellent communication skills in dealing with associates, guests, board members and vendors.
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text:
I am writing an article for kids, which is on conductors and insulators of electricity.
If I make a statement that "All metals are electrical conductors and all non-metals are electrical insulators" Am I right?
Are there any metals which are bad conductor of electricity?
Are there any non-metals which are good conductor of electricity?


text:
We're very excited to be in the finals of The Europas – the European Tech Startup Awards! This is the third year that The Europas celebrate the best of Europe's startups, VCs and entrepreneurs and you are the one who chooses the final winner!
Voting is easy: Go to the category 'Best Education, Recruitment, Media Startup' and vote for busuu.com. In 2010 we were 'Highly Commended' in the category 'Best Learning Startup'. This year we want to do even better. Help us win the award for 'Best Education, Recruitment, Media Startup' and vote for us now!
Online education has grown strongly in the past few years. In the case of language learning, it makes sense to go online: busuu.com connects people from over 200 countries worldwide who teach and learn languages in our online community.
In only 3 years we have grown to become a community with over 4 million users. Let's keep up the good work and show the world that we really are one of the best European Tech Startups! Vote for us and tell your friends, too!
The winners will be announced on 17 November 2011 in London. We will of course let you know if we are selected.


text:
WBO intercontinental heavyweight champion Tyson Fury will face American Kevin Johnson in next month's WBC heavyweight title fight in Belfast.
Lancashire-born Fury was set to fight Denis Boytsov on December 1, but the Russian withdrew in October. Johnson, from New Jersey, has won 28 of his 31 fights and drew attention to himself with an epic WBC heavyweight title bout against Vitali Klitschko in 2009.
Quoted on BBC Sport, Fury said: "Johnson is the kind of opponent that I want - we needed a world-class fighter and we've got one. When I take him apart the world will sit up and take notice."
Fury added: "I am getting closer to a shot at Klitschko myself and I'm going to show Vitali why he has to fight me because when I do a number on Johnson and get him out of there I'll have done a better job than Vitali did on him."
Fury is targeting a shot at reigning world heavyweight champion Klitschko after claiming the vacant WBO intercontinental heavyweight title against Vinny Maddalone in July.
Johnson, who turned professional in 2002, added: "It's going to be the best American fighter against the best fighter in the UK.
"Tyson is a helluva fighter but he's never seen anything like the "Kingpin" up close and personal.
"I'm not Derek Chisora or Neven Pajkic - I'm the real deal and Tyson will find that out on 1 December."


text:
Hippocampus kuda (Common seahorse)
aquarium specimen, not recorded
This species is commonly known as the spotted seahorse, yellow seahorse, or estuary seahorse. It is characteristically smoother in appearance than most other species, of medium size, 7-17 cm (2.7-6.7 inches). Shown here is a female, identifiable by its lack of a large brood pouch for harboring the young.
Jeffrey N. Jeffords (photographer; copyright holder; identification)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides!
Help us improve the site by taking our survey.
To cite this page: Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2019. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed at https://animaldiversity.org.
Disclaimer: The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control.
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. Additional support has come from the Marisla Foundation, UM College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Museum of Zoology, and Information and Technology Services.
The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support.


text:
LIVINGSTON, Texas - In Livingston, everyone seems to know district court judge, Elizabeth Coker.
Coker is a third generation Polk County judge who has a reputation of being tough, but fair.
"I know her, I have known her dad, (he) was a judge, her grandfather was a judge," said local attorney Gene Bush.
Elizabeth Coker, 46, is a Baylor Graduate and has been on the bench for more than a decade.
"I have never seen her do anything that I consider inappropriate," said local attorney, Joe Roth.
But someone else has.
Local 2 Investigates obtained a copy of an interesting report from the Polk County District Attorney's Office.
An investigator for that agency reports he witnessed something he called very unethical. (View the report)
According to that report, Judge Coker, from the bench during a felony child abuse trial, texted a secret message to an assistant district attorney. That attorney, according to the report, then passed the judge's secret note to the prosecutor in the case. (View the note)
It is important to note the defendant in the felony child abuse case was not convicted.
"Every lawyer and judge knows you're not supposed to take part in ex-parte communications," explained James Alfini, Dean Emeritus of the South Texas College of Law.
Judge Coker did not respond to repeated requests for an interview about the controversy.
Reporter Joel Eisenbaum did catch up with the district court judge outside a Livingston nail salon, but the Judge declined to answer questions about the note.
"If it's true, it's outrageous," said Troy McKinney, of the Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association.
McKinney's group is preparing to forward a formal complaint to the state, urging a review of the judge's texting practices.
The State Board of Judicial Conduct investigates judges in secret. The status of those investigations are not subject to Texas Open Records Laws so it is unclear if and when the agency will take a closer look at this issue and Judge Coker.
If you have a news tip or question for KPRC Local 2 Investigates, drop them an e-mail or call their tipline at (713) 223-TIPS (8477). Copyright 2013 by Click2Houston.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Before registering, please make sure that you have added puppetsandstuff.com to your email clients whitelist or allowed senders. If you don't do this it is possible that you will not recieve the verification email or that it will end up in your junk or bulk folder. All registrations are sent a verification email once the form below is completed. Registrations that are not validated within 7 days are removed from the database.
We are sorry but we currently can not accept registrations using email accounts @msn.com, @Outlook.com, @hotmail.com, or @live.com. This is because those domains block our validation email. This is something we do not have control over unfortunatly.


text:
Grave secrets at Gillespie's beach Fox Glacier
Uncover the mining history of South Westland
Question: Would a suction dredge be useful for gold mining on the Wild West Coast?
Gold was discovered at Gillespies Beach in 1865 and the mining madness began. In 1891 a gold dredging company spent £5,000 shipping a Von Schmidt suction dredge to this remote beach. This dredge that promised gold and wealth for the West Coast was officially "myth busted" when the suction pump was unable to cope with stones and timber buried in the black sand.
The remains of this expensive blunder, including the boilers and pontoons can be seen on a short walk from the northern DOC car park and campground. A more successful bucket dredge that operated between 1932 and 1945 is also quietly rusting in the swampland on the Lagoon Walk that leads to the Northern end of Gillespies Beach.
The Gillespies Lagoon is often landlocked and on a sunny day this makes an ideal spot to have a soak in the sun warmed water. Continue over the boardwalk and up the hill to the Miner's Tunnel which is roughly thirty meters long. This was blasted through the sea cliffs so there was all weather access to their gold operations. Today it gives you a spectacular view of the Tasman Sea and dramatic coastal cliffs.
The Galway Beach track will give you a real sense of what it was like to be a miner walking on a pack track through untouched rainforest. You will also view the fur seal colony. These amazing creatures like any wild animal with sharp teeth can be ferocious when cornered. Be advised not to get between the mothers and their pups or their escape route to the sea.
Getting there
Gillespies Beach is a 21 kilometre drive from Fox Glacier village past the Lake Matheson turn off. Note, half of the drive is on a narrow, unsealed road.


text:
Christine Mcvie has fulfilled her dream of winning back her place in Fleetwood Mac after a 16-year absence, according to a new report.
The singer quit the group in 1998 and stepped out of the spotlight, but she returned to the stage with her former bandmates for two shows in London last year.
She subsequently revealed a desire to return full-time, prompting Stevie Nicks to insist her longtime friend would be welcome to rejoin.
Now rumors suggest McVie is back in the band after drummer Mick Fleetwood reportedly announced her return to the line-up during a low-key show in Hawaii on Saturday.
According to fan website Fleetwoodmacnews.com, the rocker told the Maui crowd, "This is the worst kept secret there is, but Christine McVie will be rejoining Fleetwood Mac!"
The band has yet to officially confirm the news.


text:
Attract New Clients with Effective E-Newsletters/
Clients and prospective clients want you to keep them up-to-date. Regular client communication often attracts new business not directly related to the content of the communication itself. Just putting your name in front of people in an attractive, helpful way produces responses. This article will discuss how you can keep in touch with your existing clients and build your reputation with prospective ones by regularly e-mailing a firm newsletter.
Target Your Audience
The preeminent questions to answer when deciding to produce a newsletter are: Whom do you want to reach and why? The best newsletters are targeted at people who want to read the information you provide. Existing customers are most responsive to newsletters. They know you and your practice, so focus your newsletter on your particular legal area or areas. For example, Milt Zwicker, coauthor of this article, has a wills and estates practice and a condominium practice. He produces two newsletters, one for each area to address each client base.
Another audience for your newsletter is any group you speak to. Newsletters can be excellent handout materials. They provide a succinct summary of information in an appealing visual format to enhance learning and build your reputation as an expert. Milt does a lot of speaking in the condominium field. He uses his "Condo Watch" newsletter with audience members as well as existing clients.
Newsletters can also function as stand-alone articles to provide information about specific topics. Milt receives many questions about condominiums. The answers are often found in the condominium declaration, which is the underlying document for the association. These declarations are usually anywhere from 20 to 40 pages long. To assist people, Milt sends them a copy of his newsletter with an article about declarations in it. The newsletter article helps them maneuver through the lengthy document to get the information that they need.
Keep to a Schedule
Consistency is more important than frequency. Choose a time frame for publication that you can regularly meet. Milt sends out newsletters on a quarterly basis. In his article "Getting Value from Law Firm Newsletters," Brian Freeman, the director of marketing for Faegre & Benson LLP, identifies inconsistent publication as one of the main reasons why newsletters fail to work:
That's the first reason most law firms and their marketers have declared newsletters dead. They can't produce them consistently. If you produce newsletters erratically, without any fixed schedule, you lose much of the brand value of keeping your firm name in front of clients and potential clients. In addition, much of the content tends to be stale—because the timely articles usually are shelved while the firm or group hunts for other articles to fill an entire issue.
Design Carefully
The design template of your newsletter—produced either in-house or with a design firm—serves as the foundation for subsequent issues. Make sure the design fits your firm's visual identity. Good design counts. Spend the time and money needed to make the newsletter look attractive and inviting to read. That being said, designing a good-looking e-newsletter yourself requires little expense owing to affordable desktop publishing software. Milt uses Microsoft Publisher, an easy, intuitive program for laying out publications.
Milt recommends designing two-page newsletters in 8.5" x 11" format. A survey by Inc. magazine found that the most highly read newsletters are two pages long and deal with no more than two topics.
Consider producing your newsletter as an Acrobat PDF file—that way, you can send it as an e-mail attachment or print hard copies to hand out occasionally in your office or at presentations. To create PDF files from any publishing or word processing software, you can use Adobe Acrobat or free alternatives such as PDFCreator. Milt uses a color printer for his hard copies to add graphic appeal.
Stockpile Content
Set yourself a goal: "My clients will tell me they like to read the information I publish." How do you reach that goal? Pay attention to your clients' issues and your area of law to get ideas for your newsletter content. Milt makes notes about what clients are asking him and what their concerns are. He also keeps his eye on new court cases with his clients in mind. Cases that deal with your areas of practice are likely to be of interest to your clients. When it is time to write the quarterly newsletter, the notes you have been accumulating can be the basis for choosing relevant topics to write about.
Write Well
The most effective newsletters transform legal and judicial language into understandable and engaging copy that is easy to read. Ask several people, some inside and some outside your firm, to review the style of your initial efforts. That process may bruise your ego, but take the feedback to heart. It will help you find your newsletter's voice.
Write in the active voice, the surest way to engage readers. The minute you change to the active voice, you force yourself to shorten your sentences. The phrase, "some authorities have said," reads better than, "it has been said by some authorities." Lawyers use the passive voice too much. Although it can avoid the dilemma of gender-specific pronouns, the passive voice often produces sentences that are more difficult to understand and longer than they need to be. Milt uses the Grammatik tool in his word processor and recommends such tools to other writers. Grammatik will spot the passive voice and rephrase it for you. You do not have to make the changes that it highlights; occasionally breaking this basic rule can work well.
Include a verb in each headline. Newspapers do this to capture readers' interest. Add lots of subheadings to each article. Milt's rule of thumb is that the copy is limited to ten lines of text under each subheading.
Brian Freeman addresses business friendly writing as well:
The articles are largely written by partners and senior associates who understand the concept of "adding value" in the information they provide to clients. I also edit every article personally, to assure that we maintain a consistent, readable editorial style. This is true right down to the headlines, which are interesting teasers for the content inside ("Hello, SEC Calling," "Is Your Software Investment at Risk," "Love, Marriage, and Custom Software," and the like).
If newsletters are part of your marketing strategy, become client-focused. Put yourself in their shoes. See if the articles and the look of your newsletter will catch their attention. Writing and design are creative talents. Move into that mind-set. As Brian Freeman noted:
One of our senior partners confessed that he used to be a pretty good writer, but several decades of practicing law had ground all his writing instincts out of him. Similarly, when lawyers refer to an associate as a "good writer," they almost always mean that he or she is a precise writer—which has very little to do with whether anyone would want to read what he or she has written.
Write more as a writer and less as a lawyer.
Distribute Wisely
Milt sends his newsletter out via e-mail using Time Matters software. You can send the newsletter as an attachment to your e-mail or as HTML e-mail. Milt's recipient list is made up of people who know him and have requested that he send them the newsletter, along with people who hear about the newsletter and ask him to send a copy. Milt tends to avoid sending a personalized cover e-mail to particular clients. They are interested enough that the added effort is unnecessary.
Existing clients are the best candidates to receive your newsletter. Use newsletters to build your relationship with your clients by keeping them up-to-date and keeping your firm "top of mind." In addition to your regular e-mailing, send copies of back issues to clients when you become aware that an issue is particularly relevant to a client's changing situation. If a topic comes up in a phone call or conversation with a potential client, send that person a back issue addressing that topic.
If you give presentations or seminars, the back issues of your newsletters can become excellent printed handouts. Keep printed copies in your office so that it is easy to pass them along to others who may refer business to you or may need your services.
Outsource Content?
So what about using a professional newsletter service to write and publish your newsletter? The downside of most services is that their newsletters are too long and the content is too general.
The guts of your outsourced newsletter will be the exact same material being offered to other law firms. Do you want your clients reading a newsletter that has been written by someone else and aimed at just anyone, or a newsletter that comes directly from you and speaks to your clients' concerns? And, sure, it would take you time you do not have to write newsletters as long as those produced by commercial services. But you do not need to write that much! Shorter, pithy publications are better.
Remember: The keys to a successful newsletter are keeping it at two pages and tailoring it to your readers' needs.
Get Going
Writing your newsletter attracts new client work. But the rewards go beyond that. Nothing feels quite the same as a heartfelt thank-you from someone you have helped with a problem. That satisfaction comes from direct work with your clients, but it also comes from those who read your writing. In the end, your newsletter is an extension of your firm. It demonstrates the value you want to provide—and do provide—for your clients. Let your value show in print. Or their In Box.
Newsletter Dos and Don'ts
- Publish consistently
- Include two pages per issue
- Include two topics or articles in each issue
- Use active voice
- Use grammar-checking software
- Target to your area of practice
- Keep your clients up-to-date
- Put a verb in each headline
- Use subheadings every ten lines or so
- Be long-winded
- Use passive voice
- Be too general
- Have too many articles
- Cover more than one point per article
- Deviate from your schedule
- Be afraid it will take too long—newsletters are short!
Milton W. Zwicker, LL.B., is the managing partner of Zwicker, Evans & Lewis in Orillia, Ontario, specializing in condominium law and estate planning. He is the author of Successful Client Newsletters: The Complete Guide to Creating Powerful Newsletters, published by the ABA, and may be reached at email@example.com or 705/325-6146. Wells H. Anderson, J.D., president of Active Practice LLC, provides legal technology assistance, customization, and training to solos and firms throughout North America via remote access, teleconferences, and public webinars. He may be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or 800/575-0007.
Originally published in the December 2007 issue of GPSOLO Magazine.


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Bold wire saw project with SpeedCut
Bohus Bergsprängning has created a 22-meter deep shaft and a 7-meter long cross tunnel in Röda Sten in Gothenburg. The shaft was made entirely without blasting, instead using a wire saw from Atlas Copco.
Recent investments have made Boliden's Garpenberg mine one of the most modern and productive in the world. This is a great feat for Sweden's oldest, still active mine, which can trace its history back to the 13th century.
"I get about the same penetration rate with Powerbit, but a lot longer service life."
Production at this complex ore mine will be 2.5 million tons per year when full capacity is reached in 2016. The ore contains zinc, lead, copper, silver and gold. Approximately half of the tailings sand is pumped back to fill the mine. The remaining part, about 1 million tons annually, is filled into the tailings pond. Most of the water from the pond is recirculated and used again in the metal concentration process. Excess water is filtered through a water treatment plant, and the clean water is let out to neighbouring streams. Every year, the dam needs to be raised a meter. To achieve this, tophammer drilling and blasting is done nearby to get material to raise the top of the dam.
The medium hard and very abrasive rock in Garpenberg is a real challenge for drill bits. Normal service life is approximately 250 meters drilled per bit. Powerbit testing was performed with retrac Powerbits, with 12.0 or 12.7 mm Trubbnos buttons. These Powerbits were compared with the driller's normal 12.0 mm semi-ballistic button bits. The test results were excellent, and above expectations. Comparing the 12.0 mm button Powerbits with the reference bits indicated that the Powerbits have a slightly better penetration rate, and much better service life. Even more impressive is the fact that the Powerbits with 12.7 mm HD (heavy duty) buttons increased service life by 75 % with little or no loss in penetration rate.
At the end of the day, Powerbit delivered more meters drilled before the first regrind, more meters drilled between regrinds, and many more meters drilled at bit discard. "I get about the same penetration rate with Powerbit, but a lot longer service life", states Mikael Waldén, driller at Berg- och Byggteknik. A key success factor when drilling in the hard, abrasive rock of Garpenberg, Sweden, was the use of Trubbnos grinding wheels. Re-creating the Trubbnos button shape at each regrind resulted in less frequent grinding and greatly increased overall service life of the bit.
Epiroc operated under the trademark "Atlas Copco" prior to January 1, 2018.
Tophammer drilling tools Product Mining and Rock Excavation Service division surface-mining-quarrying Rock Drilling tools Mining and Rock Excavation Customer story 2016 International


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The much anticipated EximoSX are here! These radiators are designed for great performance in a variety of system conditions. The Eximo sports a thin 30mm profile that makes it compatible with smaller enclosures and keeps a clean appearance. The internal core has seven dual pass coolant lanes for unparalleled system flow and optimal cooling. Combine this with separate intake and outlet tanks, this radiator has little flow resistance. The fins and tubes are layed out to optimize lower RPM fans while maintaining elite performance.
We next introduced the SX family of colors for unprecedented watercooling color matching in the PrimoChill product family. Match your rad with your fittings, your reservoir, your pump, and your cpu block for stunning visual results. This powder coating process is applied individually to each radiator ensuring a durable finish.
Mounting hardware is included with your Eximo radiator. Using other mounting hardware may cause damage resulting in leaks voiding your warranty. Always double check the screw length before installation or you risk puncturing the radiator fluid channels.
PrimoChill is not responsible for any damage caused by or when using this product. Please use at your own risk.
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PrimoChill is a PC hardware company focused on the continual development and evolution of the watercooling industry. It was founded by the curiosity and love of watercooling and has since evolved into one of the industry leaders through the passion and dedication of its team. Family founded, PrimoChill's roots started with a humble beginning.
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Only hotels in 60121 zip code are listed below. Search for cheap and discount hotel rates in Elgin, IL for your upcoming leisure or conference / group travel. We list the best 60121 hotels and motels so you can review the Elgin hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. Hotels in Kane county and area code 847 are also listed.
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Deep Knowledge in Telecom and Services Sectors
Fund: Centennial Ventures
Posted by Anonymous on 2008-07-08
Centennial is a fantastic group with some tremendous hits (Verio, Onecom/Nextel, Brooks, and the list continues). They are in many ways a boutique of VCs, but if you have an idea that aligns with their expertise they will help you tremendously to develop and implement.
Steve Halsted is the remaining founder, but all of the remaining partners are highly experienced and competent deal makers.PRIVATE: Members Only


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Roger S. Goodell (born February 19, 1959) is the Commissioner of the National Football League (NFL), having been chosen to succeed the retiring Paul Tagliabue on August 8, 2006. He was chosen over four finalists for the position, winning a close vote on the fifth ballot before being unanimously approved by acclamation of the owners. He officially began his tenure on September 1, 2006, just prior to the beginning of the 2006 NFL season. As Commissioner, he is also President of NFL Charities. Many commentators have described him as "the most powerful man in sports".
Goodell was born in Jamestown, New York, the son of the late United States Senator Charles E. Goodell, a Republican from New York, and the late Jean Rice Goodell of Buffalo, New York.
The Goodell family moved to Bronxville, New York, in 1971. He graduated from Bronxville High School where, as a three-sport star in football, basketball, and baseball, he captained all three teams as a senior and was named the school's athlete of the year. Injuries kept him from playing college football.


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The day flew fast. We talked. We laughed. We explored "Jane Eyre". There were quilts to share. Family photos to copy. A trip to town for plumbing parts for the men folk. Lunch was Butternut Squash Soup and Rosemary Bread (w/o the rosemary) and some pasta/chicken salad.
Here are the promised recipes to Cheryl (Louise, please tell her they are here.) for the bread and soup:
Rosemary Bread
1 packet dry yeast (or 2 1/2 tsp)
2 Cup warm water
1 T sugar
2 tsp salt
4 Cups flour
1-2 tsp fresh Rosemary plus more for topping
Olive Oil, Corn meal, Melted butter and salt
Disolve yeast in warm water and sugar. Add flour, salt, and 1-2 tsp rosemary and stir until blended, DO NOT KNEAD. Cover and let rise until double. Remove dough. It will be sticky. I put oil on my hands for shaping. Shape long loaf on a cookie sheet coated in oil and sprinkled with corn meal. Let rise another hour. Brush top with melted butter and lightly sprinkle with more rosemary and sat. Bake @425 for 10 min. Reduce heat to 375 and bake until done. (5-8 minutes)
The Squash Soup is an adaptation of a Williams-Sonoma recipe
3 Tbs. unsalted butter
1 Sweet onion chopped
In large soup pot, melt butter. When foamy add onions and cook till tender, about 5 minutes.
3 lbs of butternut squash, peeled and cut into 1 inch cubes.
6 cups chicken broth
Add broth, squash and cook until tender, about 20 minutes
4 apples peeled and chopped (Fuji or Granny Smith work equally well)
Pinch of nutmeg
Add apples and nutmeg, simmer till apples are tender about 15 minutes.
Cool soup and puree in a blender. Reheat gently and then add
2 cups of half and half. Serves 12
Louise, Bob, Cheryl, Larry and Diana


text: Attention New Yorkers and fans of Ferris Bueller's Day Off: Artist Mina Karimi is looking for at least 100 "agents" to help her recreate the iconic "Twist and Shout" parade scene from Ferris Bueller's Day Off for a large-scale performance art piece during the Deitch Art Parade in SoHo on September 6th. The agents will be planted in the parade audience and mimic specific extras from the movie to help get "the Ferris joy-ball rolling." Wow, a performance art piece that doesn't involve menstrual blood! (As far as we know.) Let's all travel back to a time when Matthew Broderick had a film career and his presence didn't feel so depressing. [Gothamist]


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Don't let your brilliant ideas escape you! Have this sketching pad for random genius thoughts and in case of sudden inspiration to draw something. It will be perfect if you're one of those people who all of a sudden feel the need to express their emotions or depict what they see and feel in the form of words, doodles, watercolor, and so on. Lingvistov sketching pads featuring our famous doodles are also great for taking notes, scrawling, doing math, making grocery lists, or school.
It's cool, funny, compact and stylish! Perfect gift for a creative person!
40 sheets
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by Landysh


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Drivers stop for photos
Staff writer
Those driving down Sunflower Rd. near 140th Rd. will see two fields of yellow flowers. To the naked eye it merely looks like a stand of brightly colored weeds, but those that look closer can see those weeds are actually planted in rows.
Duane Kirkpatrick has been planting canola for four years in crop rotation preceding wheat. He said it is a growing trend among farmers in southern Kansas and Oklahoma. According to the U.S. Canola Association, there are 1.5 million acres of canola grown in the U.S., mostly in the upper Midwest.
"It cleans up the ground so that wheat thrives," Kirkpatrick said. "We see eight to 10 bushel more for wheat on average after it follows canola."
After the flowering stage, the plant will produce pods where the flowers were that hold around 10 seeds. It is harvested mid-June just before wheat. The seeds are then processed to create canola oil or feed.
Kirkpatrick will first swath the plants then follow behind in a combine to remove the seeds from the pods.
Plants grow four feet tall on average, Kirkpatrick said, but this year will only be around three feet tall because of lack of moisture and winter kill.
"It's not been the best year, but I estimate they'll be around 30 bushels an acre," Kirkpatrick said.
In a good year, canola will average between 35 and 40 bushels per acre and be sold for around $10.50 per bushel.
Kirkpatrick said he enjoys growing canola because of the benefits it adds to the soil and the color they add to the countryside.
"Lots of people stop to take photos of them," he said. "My wife said she sees at least one person a day stop."


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Choose a beautiful leather case for your phone or tablet, including the perfect partners for iPhone and Android devices.
My MulberryPlease sign in to your Mulberry Account to save items to your Wishlist.
Having an account with Mulberry will allow you access to:
- Enjoy faster checkout
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The X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton)
The European Space Agency's X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) was launched by Ariane 504 on December 10 1999. XMM-Newton is ESA's second cornerstone of the Horizon 2000 Science Programme. It carries high thoughput X-ray telescopes with an unprecedend effective area, and an optical monitor, the first flown on a X-ray observatory. The large collecting area and ability to make long uninterrupted exposures provide highly sensitive observations.
Mission CharacteristicsLifetime : December 1999 - (nominal 10 year mission)
Energy Range : 0.1-15 keV
Special Features : Very large collecting area.
Simulataneous X-ray & Optical observations.
Payload :


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Human Capital Challenges in Asia-Pacific, 2012–2013: Leadership Development and Succession Planning for the Global Leader
- Authors:
Publication Date:
June 2012
Leadership development and succession planning rank among the most significant human capital challenges facing organizations in Asia-Pacific. A focus on improving leadership development programs, enhancing the effectiveness of senior management, building an internal pipeline, and aligning succession planning with the business is helping companies to effectively manage these challenges.
This report is fourth in a series based on the results of the Human Capital Challenges in Asia-Pacific survey—a spring 2011 survey of human capital professionals in Asia-Pacific conducted by The Conference Board. The first report, Human Capital in Asia Pacific, 2011–2013: Identifying Top Challenges and Strategies, provided an overview of the findings.


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Standard Work
This course helps you prevent quality problems requiring inspection and rework. It defines standard work from a lean perspective and shows you how to implement the concepts to improve both office and manufacturing processes.
Standard work is an essential building block of a lean enterprise. It helps ensure that each step in the process is clearly defined so that work can be performed repeatedly in the same manner. Variations in processes result in mistakes or other quality problems that require inspection and rework.
Questions? We Can Help.
Course Data
- CEU Hours: 0
- Length: 0.33 Hours
- Audience: New to Quality
- Provider: The Quality Group
Learning Objectives:
- Define standard work from a Lean perspective
- Discuss its business benefits
- Explain why it is the basis for improvement
- Explain how to create, implement, and improve standard work for both office and manufacturing processes
Who Should Attend:Beginning to Intermediate
- Define of Standard Work from a Lean perspective
- Business benefits and why it is the basis for improvement
- How to create, implement, and improve Standard Work for both office and manufacturing processes
Registration Email
After course registration, you will receive an email with access instructions. If you do not, please check your email junk, spam, or clutter folders. If the email is not there, please contact ASQ. For virtual WebEx courses, you will receive another email 24 hours prior to the start of class containing additional access information.
Technical Requirements
- Computer – PC or Macintosh
- High-speed internet connection
- Adobe Flash Player 10.3 or later
- Windows: Internet Explorer 8 or later, Google Chrome (latest version), Firefox (latest version)
- Mac: Safari 7 or later, Google Chrome (latest version), Firefox (latest version)
- For instructor-led virtual WebEx courses, a speakerphone or telephone headset in a designated room or space with no distractions (preferred)
NOTE: Refer to product description for any additional system requirements.
WebEx – Virtual Course: Advance Preparation and Student Information
Join a Test Session
We strongly suggest that you join a WebEx test session in advance of your scheduled virtual training, using your preferred web browser. This can help prevent problems launching content the day your training begins.
If you do not have administrative privileges on the SAME computer you will be using the day of your training (i.e., your workstation within your organization) you may need the assistance of your local IT/IS help desk staff for the platform to engage correctly.
To join a test session (meeting), click here and enter your name and email address to join. If successful, you will see a screen that says "Congratulations! Your system is now set up properly ..."
Deactivate Pop-up Blockers
You should deactivate any pop-up blockers, spam filters, and company firewalls that could prevent the WebEx client platform or web-based course from working properly. Third-party toolbars such as Bing, Yahoo, and Google should also be disabled due to their own pop-up blocking capabilities.
- If you need to cancel, we will refund your paid registration fee as noted below.
- Requests for cancellations/transfers received at least 5 business days before the start of the course receive a full refund/transfer.
- Requests received within 5 business days of the course starting incur a $150 processing fee.
- After the course starts, there are no refunds or transfers.
- Registrants who fail to attend without advance notice are liable for the entire course fee.
- If you cannot find a substitute, we can transfer your course fees to another ASQ course of your choice.
- You must successfully complete the entire course or program before IACET CEUs and a Certificate of Completion can be awarded.
Enrollment Details
Internet-based, self-paced training modules, which may involve combinations of text, visuals, audio, interactive simulations and quizzes (see specific courses for features and tools). These web-based courses require a computer and Internet access.
|365 Days
|List: $39 Member: $29
ASQ's customized on-site training programs are the cost-effective way for you to train employees on your schedule. Training on-site minimizes the cost-per-student, reduces travel expenses, and ensures that the content is specific to your exact needs.
5 Benefits of On-Site Training
- Expertise to your location: Saves time and travel expenses
- Convenient scheduling: Train groups of five or more
- Customizable courses: Training tailored to your groups' needs
- Immediate results: Employees complete courses ready to apply what they've learned
- Value-add support: Instructors available to answer questions after session


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Registration Fees Include
Group Registration Offers:
Customization is possible and participants can email us: firstname.lastname@example.com
We also provide group registration discounts to travel agencies supporting conference attendees and we are ready to provide a quotation for your requirements.
Payments could be done either by PayPal or CCavenue payment gateways, depending on your ease. We will provide you an official payment invoice and official Invitation Letter as soon as we receive your payment.
Conference Awards & Categories:
Conference awards are bestowed to participants with excellent presentations. There are three categories and are judged on the quality of research, creativity, and effectiveness of their presentations. The first category would be Best Conference Speaker of the Day and will be given two best presentations (Two Speakers), Best Poster Presentations will be awarded to four best Posters and Three Supporting Members will be presented the Best Professional Organizing Members. On the day of the closing ceremony, these awards will be given under the guidance of Chairperson of the conference.


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SAMJ: South African Medical Journal
versão On-line ISSN 2078-5135
versão impressa ISSN 0256-9574
SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. vol.102 no.8 Cape Town Ago. 2012
Prevention of infective endocarditis in developing countries - justifiable caution?
Andy ParrishI; Breminand MaharajII
IProfessor at the Department of Internal Medicine, Walter Sisulu University and the East London Hospital Complex
IIProfessor at the Department of Therapeutics and Medicines Management, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
The internationally accepted practice of prescribing prophylactic antibiotics to individuals at risk of infective endocarditis has come under scrutiny. There are no published high-quality randomised controlled trials of the intervention, but new insights have emerged. Bacteraemic episodes are common following simple activities such as brushing teeth. Endocarditis following procedures is extremely rare, and systematic reviews of the evidence for prophylactic antibiotics have failed to demonstrate efficacy.
In both Europe and the USA, guideline bodies have limited their indications for endocarditis prophylaxis. The UK has taken the bolder step of not recommending it at all, but clinicians are appropriately cautious in changing long-established practice. South Africa has a high burden of rheumatic heart disease and HIV, and inappropriate restrictions could have major consequences. However, in areas of high prevalence, it is equally concerning to continue with a practice that may have little benefit and some potential harm.
The CRASH trial1 demonstrated that corticosteroid use in head injury was associated with increased mortality. It was estimated that 10 000 patients might have died over the previous few decades because of this intervention.2 Clinicians had reasoned that although there was no clear evidence of benefit, short-term use seemed unlikely to cause harm. This trial serves as a sobering reminder of the fallibility of intuitive assumptions of benefit based on biological plausibility and weak evidence.
Recently, many guidelines on infective endocarditis (IE) prophylaxis have been revised. The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guideline from the UK does not recommend antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with predisposing cardiac conditions undergoing dental and non-dental interventional procedures.3 Other guidelines still recommend prophylaxis when the consequences of developing IE are expected to be most severe, or in patients at highest risk.4 These recommendations are based on differing interpretations and weighting of the same limited body of evidence.
The evidence
Dental and endoscopic procedures may cause transient bacteraemia.5 IE is sometimes preceded by an interventional procedure, and antibiotics given before such procedures reduce the frequency of positive blood cultures.6 Although their validity has been questioned, antibiotics reduce the frequency of episodes of IE in some animal models.7
Bacteraemia detectable by blood culture may occur after more than 20% of toothbrushing episodes,8 with even higher frequencies in individuals with suboptimal dental hygiene.9 IE can develop despite prophylaxis.10 Extractions are often performed because of dental sepsis, and it is conceivable that the underlying condition produces more cumulative bacteraemic episodes than the treating intervention.11
A 2004 Cochrane review, and a 2008 update,12 failed to identify any blinded randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on IE prophylaxis but found 4 case control studies. Two studies13,14 were felt to be biased as information on antibiotic use was unavailable for more than 20% of the case patients. A third study included very low-risk patients.15 The remaining case control study16 did not support a protective effect of antibiotic use, and even pooling this with the two studies excluded because of bias did not show benefit.
Agha et at.17 pooled all 4 case control studies, regardless of their drawbacks, to derive a non-significant odds ratio (OR) of 0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2 - 1.1). Although the effect size is large, benefit was again unproven.
The NICE economic model
The OR of 0.46 from the Agha model was used in the NICE economic model18 to provide an estimated 50% relative risk reduction. Most modelling of the cost-effectiveness of new medications would stop here. If efficacy - the denominator - is not demonstrated to exclude a null effect, then the cost-effectiveness ratio is undefined.
The risk of an individual with a predisposing cardiac condition developing IE after a procedure was set at 4.1 per million interventions. This rate appears to be derived from a calculation in a previous economic model19 that specifically addressed patients with mitral valve prolapse, and calculated its estimates based on work from the 1970s. In natural frequencies, the base case estimate of 4.1 per million is the same as 1 in 250 000, increasing to at most 1 in 10 000 for patients with prosthetic valves.
The probability of fatal anaphylaxis after oral amoxicillin was set at zero (no harm) in the model base case.
A multi-national study20 (Hungary, Spain, India and Sweden) reported 6 (95% CI 2.4 - 15) cases of anaphylaxis per 100 000 individuals treated with oral amoxicillin. Mortality rates for amoxicillin-associated anaphylaxis are poorly defined, with concerns about under-reporting.21 For anaphylaxis in general, mortality is estimated to be less than 1%.22 Assuming amoxicillin-associated anaphylaxis is no different to other aetiologies, fatal anaphylaxis after oral amoxicillin might be expected in less than one in a million patients. An earlier cost-effectiveness study used a figure of 0.9 per million.23
Model results - NICE
In the NICE base case analysis, 21 cases of IE would be prevented for every 10 million patients given prophylaxis in the presence of a predisposing cardiac condition. To prevent one death from IE, one would need to treat 2.5 million people. Using the same model, if ongoing prophylaxis of 50% efficacy is continued for a lifetime (mean of 1.5 dental procedures per year), the NICE group estimated a mean quality adjusted life year (QALY) accrual per person of 50 minutes over a 50-year time horizon. The cost per QALY was £204 000, which is well above the conventional NICE cut-off of £30 000 per QALY. The model was able to demonstrate cost-effectiveness for patients at high risk (e.g. those with prosthetic valves) but even then only using generous risk assumptions.
In the UK, scripts for prophylactic antibiotics for IE fell sharply after release of the NICE recommendations, without a significant alteration in IE incidence.24 In the tangled terminology of non-inferiority studies, this early review excluded a rise in incidence of more than 9.3%, which was less than the pre-set value of 15% (determined by background data fluctuations). An alternative explanation for the unchanged rate might be that high-risk patients in the UK continue to be prescribed antibiotics despite the new recommendations.25
Variations in international guidelines
The French IE prophylaxis guideline of 200226 was followed by a British Antimicrobial Society report in 2006,27 and the American Heart Association guideline of 2007.4 In 2008, NICE28 suggested the practice be suspended completely. In 2009, the European Society of Cardiology still recommended prophylaxis for high-risk individuals in line with the AHA guidelines.29
A further variation arose in the Australasian guidelines,30 where prophylaxis was still recommended in 'Indigenous Australians' with rheumatic heart disease, based on expert opinion that the condition was more severe in this group.
The published debate
There is now almost a decade's worth of lively commentary following common themes that can be grouped according to shortcuts and pitfalls in our thinking (the taxonomy of heuristics and biases):31,32
1. Denial of any evidence - statements suggesting that in the absence of RCTs, decision making is essentially arbitrary. In one instance, there was outright refusal even to read the evidence.33 Evidence-based medicine (EBM) advocates using the best available evidence, but acknowledges that sometimes only observational studies are available.
2. Causal schema bias - a tendency to be more comfortable with explanations incorporating a causal narrative (bacteraemia causes IE; antibiotics reduce bacteraemia; therefore antibiotics reduce endocarditis). This 'coherent' explanation is appealing to many clinicians.34
3. Group think - adopting beliefs shared by a group. A shared and strongly endorsed guideline gains credibility.35
4. Fundamental attribution error - ignoring alternative explanations for endocarditis after an intervention.36
5. Honouring sunk costs - because we have 'always' done this, it may be worth continuing to invest in the strategy.37
6. Availability heuristic - vivid cases override balanced recollection (we remember the active sportsperson who developed an IE-associated stroke after a tooth extraction,38 but fail to recall the many other patients who didn't).
7. Ad hominem arguments - disparaging the individual presenting the argument.39
8. Risk aversion and asymmetrical value assignments (valuing potential losses higher than gains) - potential gains from limiting the overuse of antibiotics and avoiding anaphylaxis are seen to be less tangible than the potential occurrence of an avoidable episode of IE.40
Practical belief revision
Coherence-correspondence models of thinking may explain some of the resistance to paradigm shifts described by Kuhn.41 Coherence emphasises the existence of a logical explanatory narrative whereas correspondence focuses more on empiric observation, with greater tolerance for gaps in understanding. Both models have led to important advances in medicine.42 Of 124 articles in one journal in 2009, 13% were considered 'reversals' - new higher quality trials that contradicted current practice.43 Initial adoption on the basis of physiological principles (coherence) rather than sound evidence was a common theme among the reversals.
One cognitive crutch recognises the limited half-life of medical truth.44-47 We might change our learning mindset, which from medical school days has always been acquisitive (What new things did I learn today?) to include the countervailing question (What mistaken belief have I relinquished today?).
Shifting between the coherence and correspondence models may also be of value. In the current example, paying attention to the cracks in the smooth narrative of biological plausibility can be punctuated by a review of the (very limited!) numeric information.
Local applicability
When international guidelines looking at the same body of evidence make differing recommendations, it becomes particularly important to achieve local clarity. It may be reasonable to argue that developing countries in Africa lack the resources to re-explore the evidence and develop their own guidelines, although adaptation of international guidelines may be feasible.48-50 Such adaptations should acknowledge local factors, e.g. the high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease and HIV, and potentially greater IE severity owing to late presentation and differing causes of valvular damage. However, these factors affect policy effectiveness rather than efficacy. If IE prophylaxis works, then a policy of using it will benefit more individuals in areas of high prevalence and severity; if it doesn't work, and is being given to many people, there is potential for more harm.
Future directions
Further debate culminating in a consensus position on IE prophylaxis in developing countries would be helpful. Prophylaxis has modest - if any - value, but a trial six times the size of CRASH would be needed to establish clearly whether it does more good than harm. It seems unnecessary to retain the traditional recommendations when NICE, AHA and ESC have already revised their stance, but changing established belief takes time. A pragmatic approach might be to emphasise both good dental hygiene and early recognition and treatment of established endocarditis, and to de-emphasise reliance on an intervention of uncertain benefit.
1. CRASH trial collaborators. Effect of intravenous corticosteroids on death within 14 days in 10008 adults with clinically significant head injury (MRC CRASH trial): randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:1321-1328. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17188-2] [ Links ]
2. Sauerland S, Maegele M. A CRASH landing in severe head injury. Lancet 2004;364:1291-1292. [http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2804%2917202-4] [ Links ]
3. NICE Short Clinical Guidelines Technical Team. Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis: antimicrobial prophylaxis against infective endocarditis in adults and children undergoing interventional procedures. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Clinical Guideline 64, Mar 2008. http://www.nice.org.uk/CG064. (accessed 19 March 2012). [ Links ]
4. Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, et al. Prevention of Infective Endocarditis: Guidelines from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2007;116:1736-1754. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.106.183095] [ Links ]
5. Moreillon P, Que YA. Infective endocarditis. Lancet 2004;363:139-49. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2803%2915266-X] [ Links ]
6. Khairat O. An effective antibiotic cover for the prevention of endocarditis following dental and other post-operative bacteraemias. J Clin Path 1966;19:561-566.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fjcp.19.6.561] [ Links ]
7. Carmona IT, Diz Dios P, Scully C. Efficacy of antibiotic prophylactic regimens for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis of oral origin. J Dent Res 2007;86:1142-1159. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F154405910708601203] [ Links ]
8. Lockhart PB, Brennan MT, Sasser HC, Fox PC, Paster BJ, Bahrani-Mougeot FK. Bacteremia associated with toothbrushing and dental extraction. Circulation 2008;117:3118-3125. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.107.758524] [ Links ]
9. Lockhart PB, Brennan MT, Thornhill MH, et al. Poor oral hygiene as a risk factor for infective endocarditis-related bacteremia. J Am Dent Assoc 2009:140:1238-1244. http://jada.ada.org/cgi/content/full/140/10/1238 (accessed 19 March 2012). [ Links ]
10. Durack DT, Kaplan EL, Bisno AL. Apparent failures of endocarditis prophylaxis. Analysis of 52 cases submitted to a National Registry. JAMA 1983;250:2318-2322. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.250.17.2318] [ Links ]
11. Duval X, Leport C. Prophylaxis of infective endocarditis: current tendencies, continuing controversies. Lancet Infect Dis 2008;8:225-232. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2808%2970064-1] [ Links ]
12. Oliver R, Roberts GJ, Hooper L, Worthington HV. Antibiotics for the prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis in dentistry. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008 Oct 8;(4):CD003813. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD003813.pub3] [ Links ]
13. Lacassin F, Hoen B, Leport C, et al. Procedures associated with infective endocarditis in adults. A case control study. Eur Heart J 1995;16:1968-1974. [ Links ]
14. Imperiale TF, Horwitz RI. Does prophylaxis prevent postdental endocarditis? A controlled evaluation of protective efficacy. Am J Med 1990;88:131-136. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0002-9343%2890%2990461-L] [ Links ]
15. Strom BL, Abrutyn E, Berlin JA, et al. Dental and cardiac risk factors for infective endocarditis. A population based, case-control study. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:761-769. [ Links ]
16. Van der Meer JT, van Wijk W, Thompson J, Vandenbroucke JP, Valkenberg HA, Michel MF. Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of native-valve endocarditis. Lancet 1992;339:135-139. [ Links ]
17. Agha Z, Lofgren RP, van Ruiswyk JV. Is antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis cost-effective? Med Decis Making 2005;25:308-320. http://mdm.sagepub.com/content/25/3/308.refs.html (accessed 19 March 2012). [ Links ]
18. NICE Short Clinical Guidelines Technical Team. Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis: antimicrobial prophylaxis against infective endocarditis in adults and children undergoing interventional procedures. NICE Clinical Guideline 64, Appendices. Mar 2008. http://www.nice.org.uk/CG064 (accessed 19 August 2011). [ Links ]
19. Clemens JD, Ransohoff DF. A quantitative assessment of pre-dental antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with mitral-valve prolapse. J Chronic Dis 1984;37:531-544. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0021-9681%2884%2990004-3] [ Links ]
20. Kaufman DW, Kelly JP. Risk of anaphylaxis in a hospital population in relation to the use of various drugs: an international study. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2003;12:195-202. [http:// dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fpds.822] [ Links ]
21. Pumphrey RS, Davis S. Under-reporting of antibiotic anaphylaxis may put patients at risk. (Letter.) Lancet 1999;353:1157-1158. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2899%2900449-3] [ Links ]
22. Bjornsson HM, Graffeo CS. Improving diagnostic accuracy of anaphylaxis in the acute care setting. West J Emerg Med 2010;11:456-461. [ Links ]
23. Devereux RB, Frary CJ, Kramer-Fox R, Roberts RB, Ruchlin HS. Cost-effectiveness of infective endocarditis prophylaxis for mitral valve prolapse with or without a mitral regurgitant murmur. Am J Cardiol 1994;74:1024-1029. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0002-9149%2894%2990853-2] [ Links ]
24. Thornhill MH, Dayer MJ, Forde JM, et al. Impact of the NICE guideline recommending cessation of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of infective endocarditis: before and after study. BMJ >2011:342:d2392. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d2392]
25. Chambers JB, Shanson D, Venn G, Pepper J. Nice v world on endocarditis prophylaxis. BMJ 2011;342:d3531. [ http://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.d3531] [ Links ]
26. Danchin N, Duval X, Leport C. Prophylaxis of infective endocarditis: French recommendations 2002. Heart 2005;91:715-718. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fhrt.2003.033183] [ Links ]
27. Gould FK, Elliott TS, Foweraker J, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of endocarditis: report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Antimicrob Chemother 2006;57:1035-1042. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkl121] [ Links ]
28. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis. NICE Clinical Guideline 2008. http://www.nice.org.uk/CG064 (accessed 19 March 2012). [ Links ]
29. The Task Force on the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology. Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J 2009;30:2369-2413. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartJ/ehp285] [ Links ]
30. Moulds RFW, Jeyasingham MS, for the Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis Expert Group, Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Antibiotic prophylaxis against infective endocarditis: time to rethink. Med J Australia 2008;189:301-302. [ Links ]
31. Bornstein BH, Emler AC. Rationality in medical decision making: a review of the literature on doctors' decision-making biases. J Evaluation Clin Practice 2001;7:97-107. [http://dx.doi. org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2753.2001.00284.x] [ Links ]
32. Croskerry P. Achieving quality in clinical decision making: cognitive strategies and detection of bias. Academic Emergency Med 2002;9:1184-1204. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1197%2Faemj.9.11.1184; [ Links ]
33. Friedlander AH. Antibiotic prophylaxis. (Letter). J Am Dent Assoc 2009;140:1347-1348. [http://jada. ada.org/content/140/11/1347.2.long] [ Links ]
34. Gibbs JL, Cowie M, Brooks N. Defying explanation. Br Dent J 2006;201:188. [ Links ]
35. Embil JM, Chan K. The American Heart Association 2007 endocarditis prophylaxis guidelines: a compromise between science and common sense. Can J Cardiol 2008;24:673-675. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0828-282X%2808%2970664-0] [ Links ]
36. Biswas S, Bowler IC, Bunch C, Prendergast B, Webster DP. Streptococcus mutans infective endocarditis complicated by vertebral discitis following dental treatment without antibiotic prophylaxis. J Med Microbiol 2010;59:1257-1259. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1099%2Fjmm.0.020974-0] [ Links ]
37. Whatling PJ, Robb JD, Byrne J, Wendler O. Can we really do without antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis? BMJ Case Reports 2011;1:bcr0320113949. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fbcr.03.2011.3949] [ Links ]
38. Ramsdale DR, Egred M, Palmer ND, Chalmers JA. Letter. [http://my.americanheart.org/idc/groups/ahamah-public/@wcm/@sop/documents/downloadable/ucm_319816.pdf] [ Links ]
39. Ramsdale DR, Palmer ND. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for endocarditis: emotion or science? (Letter) Heart 2007;93:753. [ Links ]
40. Cunha BA, D'Elia AA, Pawar N, Schoch P. Viridans streptococcal (Streptococcus intermedius) mitral valve subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) in a patient with mitral valve prolapse after a dental procedure: The importance of antibiotic prophylaxis. Heart and Lung: J Acute and Critical Care 2010;39:64-72. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.hrtlng.2009.01.004] [ Links ]
41. Kuhn, TS. The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1962. [ Links ]
42. Tape TG. Coherence and correspondence in medicine. Judgment and Decision Making 2009;4:134-140. [ Links ]
43. Prasad V, Gall V, Cifu A. Research letter. The frequency of medical reversal. Arch Intern Med 2011;171:1675-1676. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1001%2Farchinternmed.2011.295; [ Links ]
44. Philips Z, Claxton K, Palmer S. The half-life of truth: what are appropriate time horizons for research decisions? Medical Decision Making 2008;28:287-299. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0272989X07312724] [ Links ]
45. Ioannidis JP. Contradicted and initially stronger effects in highly cited clinical research. JAMA 2005;294:218-228. [ Links ]
46. Poynard T, Munteanu M, Ratziu V, et al. Truth survival in clinical research: an evidence-based requiem? Ann Intern Med 2002;136:888-895. [ Links ]
47. Poynard T, Thabut D, Munteanu M, Ratziu V, Benhamou Y, Deckmyn O. Hirsch index and truth survival in clinical research. PLoS ONE 2010;5(8):e12044. [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0012044] [ Links ]
48. Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, et al. AGREE II: Advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in healthcare. J Clin Epidemiol 2010;63:1308-1311. [ Links ]
49. The ADAPTE Collaboration. The ADAPTE process: Resource toolkit for guideline adaptation. Version 2.0 (2009). http://www.g-i-n.net (accessed 19 March 2012). [ Links ]
50. English M, Opiyo N. Getting to grips with GRADE - perspective from a low-income setting. J Clin Epidemiol 2011;64:708-710. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jclinepi.2010.07.016] [ Links ]
Correspondence to:
A Parrish


text:
The magician shows three silver CD's, and an empty CD sleeve with a hole, and a clear front. Displaying the first silver CD on both sides, the Magician placesit in the empty cover. A red ribbon is passed through the hole in the cover and CD, and when the CD is pulled out, it has changed to red on both sides. This is repeated with the other two silver CDs, changing them to yellow and green respectively on both sides. Complete with over, required CDs (compact disks) and instructions.
Do you own this product? Write a review.


text:
I downloaded and installed the network version from the MSoft site.
I have a very good firewall so I wanted to disable Microsoft's version.
The Microsoft Firewall can be disabled, however there are a few settings you need to disable.
The first time you start into windows after you install SP2, there will popup a window on the subject of security.
There are 3 options for you, firewall, antivirus and 1 other (I can't recall what it is at this moment).
This window has also an icon in the system tray.
Along the bottom are 3 options covering those items.
Select the Firewall and disable.
Then go into Start / control Panel/ Microsoft Firewall.
There are tabs along the top. Go into each one and disable all items.
That's it.


text:
I haven't made a secret of the fact that I'm not sold on hybrid or full electric vehicles.
While I believe cutting back on our use of oil can only be a good thing, doing so through the use of chemical-laden battery packs and coal-produced electricity kind of misses the point of helping the environment.
Since this hybrid hype began many years ago, I've been a staunch believer in the humble internal combustion engine. Many automakers believed the ICE could be refined to offer the kind of fuel savings the planet, and the planet's drivers, need. Smaller-displacement engines and turbocharging can go a long way in boosting MPGs while keeping costs down. Why invent new technology when we can improve existing technology? I saw two stories this weekend that helped cement that belief.
First, from Jalopnik, comes a report that another Fisker Karma has caught on fire, this one in a grocery store parking lot in California. That's the second Karma to publicly go up in flames, after the EV was suspected as the cause of a garage fire earlier this year in Houston. The company has since recalled 239 Karmas for a leaky hose that could lead to a fire. And who could forget the beginning of 2012, when the Chevrolet Volt was the focus of a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration probe into fires.
In all truth, the risk of fire in electric cars probably isn't any greater than in gas-powered cars. The technology, though, is still being perfected, while the gas engine is already capable of everything modern drivers need: It has a long driving range, is easy to refuel and is cheaper to operate, buy and maintain.
Even hybrid-loving Japan is slowly realizing it may have turned its back on the ICE too soon. A story at The Truth About Cars referenced a report from The Nikkei which reported on the "trend" of internal combustion engines gaining popularity in the Land of the Rising Sun. People there are beginning to notice that they can save money on fuel in relation to vehicle prices.
Volkswagen, which hasn't jumped on the hybrid train, has seen sales in Japan rise 22 percent this year. Nissan will introduce a 1.2-liter supercharged gas engine in its subcompact Note next month, which will get about the same mileage as the hybrid Honda Fit but cost some $2,000 less.
Here in the U.S., the hybrid take rate is down to about 2.8 percent of all vehicles sold, while companies like Ford, Mazda and Volkswagen continue to see success in smaller, turbo-assisted gas engines.
Which side of the road are you on: EV/hybrid cars or turbocharged gas-powered cars?
Find Used Cars in Your Area at CarGurus


text:
I doubled this recipe and it came out terrific, put this in a brownie size pan. Cut it into squares. Great with ice cream, or just plain....a plain and simple dessert and perfect of falloween!
1 cup sifted all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
1/4 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/4 teaspoon nutmeg, ginger
1/2 cup butter or margarine, melted or shortening
1/4 cup packed brown sugar
1/2 cup white sugar
1 egg
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
1 cup chopped gala or mcintosh apples
1/2 cup finely chopped walnuts
2 tablespoons white sugar
Printable Recipe


text:
Hello ,
basically i want to write a program to compare 2 answer like the first line is the answer key and all the other lines are the students Id , and answer
like so :
I know how to put the answer key in a array but do not know how to compare it the all of the other students response also a right answer is +2 , wrong -1 , and blank 0 .
I know how to write the program but do not know how to to compare I thought about using a if else statement then I realize it was a bad idea , the answer key might change and the result will not be accurate ; and would like to use a array , that what I had .
if (studentsAnswers[1].charAt(0) == 'F' ){ counter0 = counter0 + 1; }else{ if (studentAnswers[1].charAt(1) == 'T'){ counter1++; }else{ } if (studentsAnswers[1].charAt(2) == FT'){ counter2++; }else{ }
I really need some help here guys If someone can help me please do .
Thanks a lot


text:
To find your nearest store visit www.bathstore.com
from 1 review stars
The Waterside 600 unit in black gloss comes with soft-close drawers and chrome handles, and is constructed using PVC wrapped MDF, making it perfect for humid bathroom conditions. This unit impresses with its reassuringly solid build.
Features and benefits
• Made using PVC wrapped MDF
• 600mm solid gloss black worktop which allows cutting for customisation of wash bowl and tap positions
• 2 x high capacity soft-close drawers
• Chrome handles included
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The unit is designed to be wall-hung and is perfect for any modern bathroom. We have a full range of wash bowls that are waiting to sit on top of these units.
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1 x 600mm wall unit - Black Gloss
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text:
beyerdynamic TG V90r ribbon microphone is the "Microphone of the Year"
The beyerdynamic TG V90r ribbon microphone is the "Microphone of the Year" in the reader's poll of the magazine "Soundcheck".
The top class TG V90r ribbon microphone wins this year's reader's poll in the category of the "Microphone of the Year" of the magazine "Soundcheck".
beyerdynamic's ribbon microphones are legendary and the TG V90r, one of the latest additions to the ribbon microphone range, features an impressive sound, even on extremely loud stages. We are very pleased that the readers of the "Soundcheck" magazine appreciate this.
The TG V90r was officially awarded with the Readers' Award during this year's Prolight & Sound trade fair, which took place in Frankfurt/Main, Germany from April 10th to 13th. beyerdynamic employees personally accepted the award on-site.
Thanks to everyone who took part in the reader poll and thank you for this great award!


text:
This 3-day course is intended for employees with a low likelihood of exposure to hazardous materials and who are only occasionally for a specific limited task on a hazardous worksite. The course concentrates more on hazard recognition and measurement and covers personal protective equipment and work practices in keeping with the risk level. This course satisfies the training requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120(e), Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response, and includes hands-on training. Those passing the exam will receive a certification card.
There are currently no classes scheduled for this course. Please check back at a later time or contact Workforce Development to see when the course will be offered again.


text:
Māori culture in southern Hawke's Bay - Roadside Stories
A Manatū Taonga audio guide to southern Hawke's Bay
Check out the Ministry for Culture and Heritage's audio guide to southern Hawke's Bay in the Video tab.
A hill in southern Hawke's Bay can claim the world's longest place name. It refers to a local Māori ancestor, Tamatea, who played his flute to his loved one there. North of Waipawa is Te Aute College, a famous Māori boys' high school that has produced many influential leaders.
Related web links:
Longest place name in the world
Ngāti Kahungunu
Te Aute College chapel
New Māori organisations, early 20th century
Apirana Turupa Ngata
Archival audio: Te Aute College.
Roadside Stories are a series of audio guides to places of interest on major road trips in New Zealand. Each guide tells the story of an attraction along the way – its people, its history, its cultural and natural significance. For more information about Roadside Stories visit http://www.mch.govt.nz/roadside/


text:
MIG Welding is the most basic type of sheetmetal/steel welding that is widely used today. Over the years, it has become even more simplified thanks to product development, something the folks at Miller Electric Mfg. Co. have managed to remain at the forefront of with their line of Auto-Set MIG welders.
The Millermatic 180 and 211 Auto-Set MIG welders take all the guesswork out of MIG welding by allowing the user to simply choose material thickness and let the machine do the rest. It's really that easy. The 211 Auto-Set also has Miller's proprietary multi-voltage plug (MVP) option.
But the Auto-Set MIGs are not limited to their automatic settings—you can fine-tune within the Auto-Set function (change settings) or manually override completely and control the settings just as you would with any other MIG welder. But more often than not, the Auto-Set gets you right where you need to be voltage- and heat-wise, granted all other parameters, such as material and equipment (nozzle/tip) cleanliness, are met.
As stated in last month's class, the Millermatic 211 has a power output rating of 90 amps (20 percent duty cycle) using 120 V—but at 230 V, it has the highest output of its class at 150 amps (30 percent duty cycle), with the ability to weld 24-gauge to 3/8-inch mild steel. Basically, the 211's about as good an all-around MIG as you're ever gonna find—period. From stitching thin sheetmetal to throwing nice, fat dime-roll beads on chassis crossmembers, the 211 can do it, and do it well.
MIG welding is not best illustrated by photos—it's something you need to experience firsthand to really learn. But we'll do our best to feed you as much basic information as possible. For steel, while there are times when you might want to consider different mixtures, ultimately the usual 75/25 of Argon and C02 is what you'll want your bottle filled with. Next, choose your wire size and type accordingly—again, the "usual" being 0.030 (8 mm) ER70S-6 solid (non-flux core). For starters, we'll use the Millermatic 211's Auto-Set features for wire feed speed and amperage settings. Once you've got the basics handled, you're pretty much ready to weld—or are you?!
There are various processes and techniques for which to carry out for various weld joint applications. Short arc and spray transfer are two common processes; stitch and continuous beads are two techniques. Stitch is for thin material and continuous is for thicker material.
The Short arc, aka short circuit, is done at lower amperages when welding thinner material (sheetmetal). Beyond that you'll either weld forehand (pushing, with palm leading) or backhand (dragging, with knuckles leading)—but the angle of the torch should always remain roughly the same (around 10-20 degrees—the more angle, the less penetration) for both methods. Compared to holding the torch perpendicular, drag will give you the best penetrating weld bead; push typically gets about half of that. When performing a fillet weld, as opposed to a butt weld, your torch angle will increase to around 45 degrees based off the vertical material piece. (Miller recommends the forehand/push method—their machines are actually designed for that purpose. For tack welding they recommend a perpendicular torch angle for maximum penetration.)
Again, these are just the basics—each person develops their own particular style and technique for MIG welding, and those are only perfected with continual practice. Fortunately, with a Miller Auto-Set MIG, you'll be doing half the practice as you would've 10 years ago!