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- The Therapeutic Window
- Not Your Average Dose
- Unresolved Pharmacokinetic Issues
- Real-World Factors
- Will Customization Become Routine Practice?
- Selected Sources
Using a blood test to monitor concentrations of antiretroviral drugs may be a clinical tool whose time has come. With the growing awareness of the toxicities and low tolerability of currently available anti-HIV drugs, a method for optimizing their use has become increasingly attractive. Clinicians already routinely use drug level monitoring, also known as therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), in treating diseases such as epilepsy and asthma. But is TDM appropriate for HIV clinical care, or is its potential application too limited to warrant much enthusiasm? There is reason to believe, for instance, that TDM will not be used widely with all three classes of antiretroviral drugs. Several studies have nevertheless indicated a possible benefit to using TDM in HIV care, and a few small trials evaluating its efficacy in the clinic are underway. Until conclusive trial data become available, the future role of TDM in the treatment of HIV disease will remain unclear.
The Therapeutic Window
TDM is a type of blood test mainly used to monitor the concentration of a drug in the plasma (blood) to ensure that appropriate drug levels are maintained. In the case of antiretroviral agents, a certain amount of drug must always be present in the plasma to adequately inhibit HIV replication and keep the viral load at the lowest possible level. The range of drug concentrations that will safely achieve this result is known as the "therapeutic window." If the drug concentration falls below this range, the viral load may rise, increasing the possibility that mutant (genetically altered) forms of the virus will be generated, and that the drug -- or even an entire drug class -- will lose its efficacy. If the drug level rises above the recommended therapeutic window, toxic side effects and long-term complications might result.
Unfortunately, the therapeutic window for several anti-HIV drugs is narrow. Even the minimum levels of many anti-HIV drugs needed to suppress viral replication below the limit of detection can cause unpleasant adverse effects, such as peripheral neuropathy (burning or tingling sensations in the hands and feet) or diarrhea (see "Adverse Effects Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy" in BETA, Spring 2000). More importantly, approximately 50% of people taking the recommended doses of highly active antiretroviral therapy, or HAART, are not able to maintain an undetectable viral load, indicating insufficient drug exposure, drug resistance, or both. (Insufficient drug exposure may be caused by problems with adherence, or following a prescribed treatment regimen, which is discussed below.)
A limited range of therapeutically sound dosages is one of the reasons why the currently approved antiretroviral drugs are often difficult to take and of uncertain utility over a long period of time. The fact that the minimum drug concentration needed to suppress viremia (virus in the blood) is uncomfortably close to the maximum tolerated dose also suggests a critical need to optimize, or individualize, drug doses. Before discussing the complexities of drug individualization, it is worth examining how standard doses are derived.
Not Your Average Dose
The range of optimal drug levels is normally determined for an individual drug during the clinical trial process. But because antiretroviral drugs tend to have a slender therapeutic window, researchers have not been able to assign reliable target concentrations that are therapeutically appropriate to each person who needs these medications. Researchers must settle on a "standard dose" for a particular antiretroviral drug that reflects merely an average positive response to the drug that was seen among study subjects. Responses vary widely -- even in clinical trials that have led to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, some trial participants were never able to achieve optimal plasma concentrations. Additionally, most study subjects to date have been antiretroviral-naive (not previously treated) adult White males, which further undermines the universal relevance of standard drug doses since several important factors such as age, race, gender, and treatment history can affect an indiv-idual's response to a drug. In the past few years, however, clinical trials have included an increasing percentage of women, Latinos, and African-Americans.
The principal clinical role of TDM would be to derive optimal drug doses corresponding to the profile of the individual being monitored, not to an average response detected during clinical trials. TDM thus seems to be a logical step in the process from developing a drug to administering it in the individual. It is commonly used for drugs such as tobramycin (Tobrex or TOBI, a broad-spectrum antibiotic) and digoxin (Lanoxin, used in the management of congestive heart failure and some dysrhythmias, or abnormal heart rhythms). Genotypic drug resistance tests, which measure viral mutations, and phenotypic drug resistance assays, which measure resistance to individual drugs, could be used in tandem with drug monitoring to help physicians determine for individual patients which drugs and optimal doses would most effectively suppress HIV replication and minimize drug toxicity. (For more information about resistance testing, see "Genotypic and Phenotypic Resistance Testing" in BETA, Summer 1999.) The best timing or sequence of such a battery of tests is not yet known.
In several European countries, including France and the Netherlands, drug monitoring is already offered in clinics in a research setting, no doubt as a result of trials showing a correlation between individualized doses of protease inhibitors, or PIs (see next section) and improved clinical outcomes. In a 1998 article in AIDS, for example, Richard M.W. Hoetelmans, PharmD, PhD, of Slotervaart Hospital in Amsterdam and colleagues reported that HIV clearance rates were found to correspond with plasma concentration ratios of nelfinavir (Viracept) and saquinavir (Fortovase). Another Dutch study appearing the same year in Antiviral Therapy ascribed treatment breakthrough (defined as a viral load above 200 copies/mL after 24 weeks of treatment) to low plasma levels of indinavir (Crixivan) in persons taking triple-drug therapy. However, other trials have not shown a consistent correlation, suggesting a need for further investigation.
TDM and PIs
Even if TDM turns out to be a viable treatment strategy, individualizing drug doses for multidrug regimens will not be easy. As mentioned above, TDM probably cannot be used for all anti-retroviral drugs. Plasma concentrations of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are often not a marker of antiviral effect, primarily because these drugs must be converted within living cells to triphosphate anabolites (active forms) before they exert their antiviral effects. Triphosphate anabolites can be measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or PBMCs (a type of white blood cell), but NRTI triphosphate research assays are nonstandardized, prohibitively expensive, and likely to remain too complex for widespread use. Additionally, the prolonged half-life (time needed for half of an original amount to be eliminated or metabolized) and relatively stable intra-dosing plasma concentrations achieved by non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) indicate that this class of drugs may play a very limited role in subthera-peutic drug exposure (i.e., drug exposure that is too low to be useful).
There are, however, compelling reasons for using TDM to individualize regimens containing PIs, as PI plasma concentrations tend to correlate with antiviral effect and the half-lives of PI drugs tend to be short. Nevertheless, managing PIs with drug level monitoring presents several challenges.
Unresolved Pharmacokinetic Issues
Many factors influence the pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) of medications in the body. The genetic disposition of the individual plays a significant part. As mentioned above, different populations (e.g., African-Americans, Whites, children, and women) may exhibit different pharmacokinetic characteristics, but even people within the same population group may vary greatly in this regard. Weight and age of the individual, for example, can be pertinent factors in evaluating drug levels. In addition, drug absorption can be influenced by anti-HIV treatment history and stage of HIV disease -- for instance, people with more advanced disease may need higher drug doses to offset problems of drug absorption in the stomach and intestines. Liver dysfunction, due to chronic hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) infection, and/or chronic alcohol abuse, can have a discernable effect on PI concentrations. Renal (kidney) function and clearance (drug elimination) should also be considered. Whatever the cause, PI levels between individuals may vary by more than 10-fold.
The individual who takes anti-retroviral drugs may also show remarkable variability over time, and even during the course of a single day. This may be explained by genetic, hormonal, as well as lifestyle factors. Diet -- both what is eaten and the timing of meals -- greatly influences the plasma concentrations and action of many anti-HIV drugs, particularly drug absorption. People who take certain antiretrovirals must therefore follow dietary restrictions, e.g., taking saqui-navir with a high-fat meal, or taking ddI (Videx) on an empty stomach. Different stages of pregnancy also affect plasma drug levels.
Adherence in particular is believed to play a major role both in maintaining drug levels (when adherence is maintained at least 95% of the time) and in triggering untoward treatment outcomes (when adherence is poor). For this reason, TDM is often used in other diseases to monitor adherence. However, if suboptimal HIV treatment outcomes result from wavering adherence to a drug regimen, measuring adherence with a variety of tools may be more appropriate than simply monitoring drug levels alone. For example, TDM might be combined with MEMS (medication event monitoring system, an electronic means of recording the time and date when a person takes each dose of medicine) and pharmacy refill data. TDM blood tests can show only that the most recent dose of drug has been taken, and even people who are not always adherent to their medications are likely to take their medication before being tested.
Several factors on the molecular level also may cause antiretroviral drug levels to fluctuate. For instance, a substantial number of PI molecules cling to proteins in the blood such as albumin or alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG), which renders them unavailable for activity. Any drug dosing must take this phenomenon, known as protein binding, into account. Researchers recently have suspected that another protein, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which transports drugs such as PIs and anticancer agents out of cells, may have a significant impact on the intracellular distribution and effectiveness of all antiretroviral drugs.
Drug-drug interactions must also be addressed in any evaluation of plasma drug levels. This is especially true of antiretrovirals, as both PIs and NNRTIs are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system in the liver.
As a result, concentrations of certain HAART drugs can be dramatically increased or decreased when used in combination. This is also the case with many agents used to prevent or treat opportunistic infections (OIs) such as rifabutin (Mycobutin) and azole antifungals (e.g., fluconazole [Diflucan]). More studies need to address the issue of drug-drug interactions and toxicities in multidrug regimens as most drugs have been investigated only as monotherapy (i.e., not combined with other drugs).
Real-World Factors
Even if drug monitoring can be demonstrated to show utility in the clinic when treatment outcomes are suboptimal, the results generated by TDM assays must be interpreted by someone with sufficient expertise. The number of such experts may not be much higher than the undoubtedly small number of sites in the world presently offering TDM tests. Furthermore, these tests have yet to be standardized and are beset by quality-control problems that diminish their accuracy. In addition, there is no consensus on which specific measurement will prove to be most useful to clinicians. Possibilities include the Cmin (the trough, or minimum drug concentration), the Cmax (the maximum drug concentration), concentration ratios, or the AUC (area under the curve, a measure of total drug concentration in the plasma over a period of time [usually 12-24 hours]). Then there is the logistical problem of the assays themselves, which must be sent to special laboratories for analysis. Slow turnaround of TDM test results could make drug monitoring risky for someone experiencing treatment breakthrough as drug resistance may emerge between taking the plasma sample and acting on the interpreted lab results.
Another barrier to widespread use of TDM is the current high cost of the assays, approximately $150 to $200 per drug. Who will pay for these expensive diagnostic tests? Insurance companies will need proof of their utility before they agree to foot the bill. And pharmaceutical companies are not likely to warm to the idea of subsidizing TDM, even if it is shown that better treatment outcomes will ensure that people take their drugs for longer periods of time.
Will Customization Become Routine Practice?
The ATHENA Trial
TDM has rarely been assessed prospectively (forward in time). However, one ongoing prospective trial, known as ATHENA, has enrolled over 390 subjects in the Netherlands into one of two randomized arms. Those in the TDM arm have their drug levels periodically monitored; the resulting data are shared with their physicians, who have been instructed to alter doses if drug concentrations do not fall within 75-200% of the Cmin. Those in the other arm also have their drug levels monitored but the results are not revealed to their physicians.
An update report given by Dr. Hoetelmans and David Burger, PharmD, PhD, of St. Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, suggested that ATHENA may fall short of its goal of providing conclusive evidence supporting TDM in the clinic. The report was presented at the First International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy, held March 30-31, 2000, in Noordwijk, the Netherlands. Preliminary data from ATHENA showed that PI levels have been more than 200% above the Cmin in 5-11.5% of subjects, and less than 75% of the minimum effective concentration in 26-41% of subjects. Perhaps not surprisingly, some subjects in the TDM arm have already experienced treatment failure; Dr. Burger admitted that physicians simply may not be adjusting drug doses appropriately. He also surmised that some physicians in the control arm may be monitoring drug levels and adjusting doses on their own, which could turn ATHENA into a pointless exercise. More definitive results from the trial should be forthcoming in the next year.
The Promise of Better Therapy
Another factor might render TDM less useful, aside from the lack of conclusive trial data. PIs are now often coadministered with low-dose ritonavir (Norvir, another PI drug), with or without FDA approval (only the combination of lopinavir and ritonavir, known as Kaletra, has been approved). When currently marketed PIs are combined with small amounts of ritonavir they may be taken at lower-than-prescribed doses, since ritonavir causes other PIs to be metabolized (broken down) at a much slower rate in the liver. This produces highly desirable synergistic effects, namely an increased AUC of the principal PI in the combination and a trough plasma concentration significantly greater than the IC95 of wild-type, or nonmutated, HIV. (The IC95 is the drug concentration needed to inhibit viral replication by 95%, one of several markers of minimum drug efficacy.) Such potent double-PI combinations -- with lower drug doses often achieving more sustained viral suppression -- theoretically preempt the need for TDM. ATHENA will not shed any light on the implications of this clinical scenario since the trial began before dual-PI therapy became widespread.
The development of more powerful anti-HIV agents with an easier pill burden and fewer side effects may likewise diminish the appeal of TDM. In fact, some experts feel that the current interest in TDM deflects attention away from the need to develop these new-generation drugs. Doubtless, the energy and will to explore both are necessary.
Nicholas Cheonis is Associate Editor of BETA.
Selected Sources
Back, D.J. and others. Therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretrovirals: ready for the clinic? Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (www.iapac.org/conferences/vienna99/backj002.htm). February 2000.
Barry, M.G. and others. Pharmacokinetics and potential interactions amongst anti-retroviral agents used to treat patients with HIV infection. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 36: 289-304. 1999.
Barry, M.G. and others. Variability in trough plasma saquinavir concentrations in HIV patients: a case for therapeutic drug monitoring. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 45(5): 501-502. May 1998.
Burger, D.M. and others. Low plasma concentrations of indinavir are related to virological treatment failure in HIV-1-infected patients on indinavir-containing triple therapy. Antiviral Therapy 3(4): 215-220. December 1998.
Emini, E.A. Resistance to anti-human immunodeficiency virus therapeutic agents. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 390: 187-195. 1995.
Hoetelmans, R.M.W. and others. The effect of plasma drug concentrations on HIV-1 clearance rate during quadruple drug therapy. AIDS 12(11): 111-116. July 30, 1998.
Hugen, P. and others. Compliance to HIV-protease inhibitors (PIs) is more accurately measured by combining various methods. XIII International AIDS Conference. Durban, South Africa. July 9-14, 2000. Abstract ThPeB5029.
Mascolini, M. Is TDM too darn much? (and other prickly PK questions). Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (www.iapac.org/avtherapies/tdmmm005.html). May 2000.
Paterson, D.L. and others. Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Annals of Internal Medicine 133(1): 21-30. July 4, 2000.
Piscitelli, S.C. The limited value of therapeutic drug monitoring. Medscape, Inc. (www.medscape.com/medscape/HIV/journal/1999/v05.n04/mha0803/mha0803.pisc/
mha0803.pisc-01.html). 1999. (Click "Cancel" when prompted for a password, then register with Medscape to view article.)
Robbins, B.L. and others. Intracellular triphosphate concentrations of d4T and 3TC in HIV infected patients. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Toronto. September 17-20, 2000. Abstract 1168.
Back to the SFAF BETA Autumn 2000 contents page.


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$84.00 | Out of stock
Product description
Our four piece gift box contains our most popular hand tools, nicely boxed as a lovely gift. Whatever size garden, whether a large plot or a small patio, these tools will come in handy for digging, planting, and weeding. The set includes our standard trowel, a transplanting trowel, a weeding fork, and our daisy grubber (also known as a dandelion puller or weeder). Great quality hand tools with beautiful ash handles. As with all our packaging, we have created this set using minimal materials that can be easily recycled. Save $6.00 by order as a set.
Key features
- Four piece set includes standard trowel, transplanting trowel, weeding fork, and daisy grubber
- Packaged in an attractive gift box
- Made in England
- We use American and German FSC Ash
- Overall length of tools is approximately 12"
- Item #G90-1400


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It's far from spring - too far, some would say - and that darn groundhog who predicted an early flower season got it wrong again. But despite what the calendar says, and your home heater is burning, trout stocking actually begins this week in the Pottstown region.
While the list is limited, I like when the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission plants its trout several weeks before the start of the season because this gives the fish time to acclimate to their new surroundings. Also, if the trout eat the right natural foods it turns their flesh from mealy white to rosy pink, and the fillets taste better in the skillet. However, on many southeast waters, the trout must be stocked a few days prior to Opening Day, ostensibly to lessen the incidences of poaching and insure survival.
Once again this year the southeast trout opener begins one week earlier than the rest of the state, March 30. It's a schedule that's worked very well over the past several seasons. The early opener was established so the in-season stockings in the southeast region could be completed while its marginal streams are still cool enough to receive fish, particular the in-season stockings. As I said, it's worked.
This year there's a new wrinkle in the fishing schedule, the Mentored Youth Trout Day on Saturday, March 23. Youth under the age of 16 can join a licensed mentor angler to fish selected waters in 18 southeastern counties. Included in the list of open waters are Scott Run Lake in French Creek State Park, Deep Creek Lake in Upper Perkiomen Park, and Antietam Lake outside Reading. The youth must register on line but at selected sites, registration cards will be available. Register at http://fishandboat.com/MentoredYouth.htm.
The waters to be stocked this week are, with one exception, part of the PFBC's Delayed-Harvest Artificial-Lures Only waters (DH-ALO). As such, they are open year-round so your fishing pleasure can begin immediately. Fishing may be done with artificial lures only. No natural or artificial bait is permitted. At this time of year, the fish must be returned whence they came.
With the popularity of hand-held GPS units, I'll provide, for the first time, the coordinates for the more nebulous stream locations.
While stocking begins this week in special Chester County waters well-known to Pottstown-area anglers, the majority of local stocking won't start receiving fish until the first week of March. Except for some early March dates, I'll supply the other stockings as time marches on.
In Chester County stocking starts on February 20 at nearby Pickering Creek. On Pickering Creek the 1.5 mile DH-ALO waters lie between Charlestown Road and 300 meters upstream of the railroad bridge. The bridge coordinates are Lat: 39.749280, Long: 75.769469.
To help in stocking meet the hatchery truck at the Ridge Fire Hall on Rt. 23 at noon.
Stocking takes place on the East Branch Brandywine Creek on Feb. 21. The 1.2 mile DH-ALO waters on the East Brach are situated between Dorlins Mill Road and Dowlin Forge Road. Meet the hatchery truck at Kerr Park, Route 123 S at noon.
A portion of the Middle Branch of White Clay Creek also will be stocked on Feb. 21. The 1.7 mile DH-ALO waters are found between Good Hope Road and the mouth of the East Branch White Clay Creek. Meet the trout at Kerr Park, at noon.
The one exception to the DH-ALO standing is the stocking of a section of French Creek in Chester County on Feb. 20. This 0.9 mile stretch between the old dam on T-491 Camp Sleepy Hallow Road downstream to Hallow Road is under Catch-And-Release Fly-Fishing Only regulations. To aid in stocking here, meet the white truck at Ridge Fire Hall on Rt. 23 at noon.
West Valley Creek will also be stocked on Feb. 20, meeting the hatchery folks at Ridge Fire Hall at noon. The 1.2 mile DH-ALO reach is from Colebrook Dale Run to below the railroad tunnel. The tunnel coordinates are Lat: 40.001120 to Lat: 75.663360.
There is no stocking this week in Berks or Montgomery counties.
However, looking back to Chester County, a couple of sections of French Creek as well as Pickering and West Valley creeks will be stocked in early March so it's best to include them here and now so I don't forget.
On March 1, the piece of French Creek between Bertolete School Road and the breached dam at upstream of T-491, Lat: 40.153109 and Long: 75.631069, will be stocked. Meet the truck at Ridge Fire Company on Rt. 23, east of Rt. 100, at 11:45 a.m.
I'm a big fan of this section of French Creek having fished it during opening weeks for the last two years. Last season, I accidently left my Phillies cap on top of my truck while packing up, and by the time I got home it had blown off. All summer I thought this had been a harbinger of Phillies things to come. I'm kind of afraid my lost cap will affect the 2013 season as well.
Nevertheless, this is nice section of French Creek with a decent gradient, a few large pools, including one at a bridge, and a plunge pool below a dam that holds plenty of trout.
On March 2, the stretch of French Creek between Hallow Road and the Rt. 23 bridge will be planted with trout. Meet the white truck at the Ridge Fire Company at 11:45.
Pickering Creek will be stocked on March 1. Meet the hatchery parade at the Ridge Fire Company on Rt. 23 at 11:45,
West Valley Creek also will be stocked on March 1. Meet the truck at the same place and time above.
After another long winter, I feel the need to catch some delayed-harvest trout. I think I'll get after them pretty soon. So if you see someone without a Phillies cap, it could be me.


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My Top 5 Favorite Survey Sites Of ALL time
Here are my 5 favorite survey sites that are
definitely WORTH your time
There are literally hundreds if not thousands of online survey sites that want your business. Some have true intentions and some are just out to take your business and never pay you a dime. Those are the sites I try to weed out for you so you don't end up taking a boat load of surveys basically for free, which defeats the entire purpose. You deserve to be paid for your time. The only time It should be acceptable is when these companies ask you to do a quick overview just to see if you qualify. These should not take up more than a minute or two of your time (Not 20 minutes!).
Here are my 5 favorite survey picks that are definitely WORTH your time
1. Pinecone Research – Pays $3 to per survey for only around 10 minutes of your time. There are no minimum amount for withdrawal and you can do your very first survey right after you complete sign up. You never have to ask for payment with this one. There very fast and they just pay you. Points and cash are redeemed through Paypal or check.
2. Opinion Outpost – Very well known and reputable panel. Opinion Outpost pays between $1.50 to $4.00 per survey and it's a $5 minimum payout. The great thing is payouts are super fast. I usually seem to get qualified for most all the surveys. All Points earned can be redeemed either from check or Paypal and also can be exchanged for some really cool prizes as well.
3. Ipsos I-Say – This one is the godfather of all online surveys. This one hosts some of the most highest paying survey sites available online. All new members qualify for a chance to win $1000 Cash Sweepstakes.Everytime you click on a survey, you have a chance to win a mass of prizes. Points redeemable with Paypal, check, Amazon GC, etc..
4. Vindale Research Mobile – Earn money for doing multiple tasks such as reading advertisements, taking surveys or making referrals. Must be 18 or older. Payouts are by PayPal or check. $50 is the minimum earning, however, with all the earning opportunities this should not be too hard to achieve.
5. Valued Opinions – You can earn by taking Surveys for cash and rewards with Gift Certificates from the most Major Retailers. Areas include – North America, Europe, Oceania. There's a $20 payout minimum. Pays cash via PayPal or Amazon e-gift cards. Must be 16 or older.
icon-star-o Visit the Best Money Making Training Program around – Affilorama
Recommended For Survey Newbies
If you are a newbie to taking online surveys, you may get a little overwhelmed at first. Don't!
Here are some good steps to follow that can really help you make the most out of doing surveys online.
Getting Started:
icon-envelope-o Step 1: The first thing you need to do is set up a new email address that you'll use just for the survey sites. You don't want to use your primary email address for this. They will send you a
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I prefer to use a free Yahoo email address myself, because they usually don't mark survey
email as spam. But you can use who ever you like, another good choice is www.gmail.com and with them you can simply WHITELIST each survey program. If you don't know how to Whitelist just type it in Google and you'll find plenty of easy step by step instructions.
When applying there may be a waiting list, get on it. If you are told
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Also write clearly, and neatly and just be yourself. Trying to sound too professional could do you more harm than good. Don't try to use big words or use words you normally would not use in everyday conversations. Once a company finds someone
that they like, that person will placed high on their list.
Good Luck!


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|Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange
previous taxon |
next taxon
Jepson Interchange (more information)
©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
Annual to tree
Leaves generally compound, alternate, stipuled; leaflets generally entire
Inflorescence: generally raceme, spike, umbel or head; flowers sometime 12 in axils
Flowers generally bisexual, generally bilateral; hypanthium generally flat or cup-like; sepals generally 5, fused; petals generally 5, free, or the 2 lower ± fused; stamens 1many, often 10 with 9 filaments at least partly fused, 1 (uppermost) free; pistil 1, ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, ovules 1many, style, stigma 1
Fruit: legume, sometimes including a stalk-like base above receptacle, dehiscent, or indehiscent and breaking into 1-seeded segments, or indehiscent, 1-seeded, and achene-like
Seeds 1several, often ± reniform, generally hard, smooth
Genera in family: ± 650 genera, 18,000 species: worldwide; with grasses, requisite in agriculture and most natural ecosystems. Many cultivated, most importantly Arachis , peanut; Glycine , soybean; Phaseolus , beans; Medicago ; Trifolium ; and many orns
Reference: [Polhill & Raven (eds) 1981 Advances in legume systematics; Allen & Allen 1981 Leguminosae]
Family description and key to genera by Duane Isely.
Annual or perennial herb from crown, glabrous to hairy; hairs sometimes forked at base, branches parallel with leaf surface, sometimes very unequal
Stem 0 or prostrate to erect
Leaves odd-1-pinnate; leaflets generally jointed to midrib; stipules membranous, sometimes fused around stem at stem base
Inflorescence: raceme, axillary, sometimes head- or umbel-like; flowers 2many
Flower bilateral; calyx 5-lobed; banner outside wings in bud, keel blades with small protrusion at base locking into pit on adjacent wing; 9 filaments fused, 1 free; ovary (and fruit) generally sessile, style slender, stigma minute
Fruit generally 1- or ± 2-chambered, often mottled, generally becoming ± dry; placenta on upper suture
Seeds 2many, smooth, compressed, ± notched at attachment scar
Species in genus: > 2000 species: ± worldwide (380 in North America, 94 in CA including many rare taxa)
Etymology: (Greek: ankle-bone or dice, perhaps from rattling of seeds within fruit)
Reference: [Barneby 1964 Mem NY Bot Gard 20:11188; Isely 1986 Iowa State J Res 61:157289]
Very difficult; both flower and fruit needed for identification; many good species appear similar; some species complexes need study. Taxa near province boundaries may appear in > 1 key. Varieties keyed under species for simplicity; species with vars. so identified in key. Fr length includes beak and any stalk-like base unless fruit body specified.
Perennial, stout, clumped, leafy, canescent or white-woolly
Stem ± erect, 49 dm, hollow
Leaf 315 cm; lower stipules fused around stem into sheath; leaflets 2341, crowded, 530 mm, narrow
Inflorescence: flowers many, overlapping, reflexed
Flower: petals greenish white or cream, banner 710 mm, recurved ± 35°, keel 7.19.1 mm
Fruit 611 mm, 3.56 mm wide, ovoid, ± inflated, papery; hairs 0 or sparse; beak 58 mm, stiff, slender, hooked, persistent; chamber 1
Ecology: Coastal salt marshes, coastal seeps
Elevation: < 30 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, n Central Coast, c South Coast.
Plant white-woollySee the CNPS Inventory for information about endangerment and rarity.
Fruit generally thinly strigose; immature seeds 812
Ecology: Coastal marshes or seeps
Elevation: < 30 m.
Bioregional distribution: c South Coast.Habitat lost to urbanization.


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For the second time in less than a week, a crack has appeared in what has been a largely unified condemnation of homeschooling by officials in Europe, and this time it's coming from the radically anti-parent government in Germany.
Norbert Blum, a prominent member of Angela Merkel's German CDU party who served as Helmut Kohl's minister of labor for 16 years, has said Germany's modern education system is "usurping" children and ignoring the important role parents must play in education.
His comments were made in a presentation prepared for the Global Home Education Conference 2012, which will be held in Berlin next week. They were reported by the Home School Legal Defense Association, which is contributing to the conference.
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"Today I observe a total usurpation of children by school. Children are exhausted by leaving home early in the morning and returning late in the evening. … I am against the state's education monopoly and see parents responsibly homeschooling as a healthy response to an imperious school system," his statement said.
According to HSLDA, Jonas Himmelstrand, president-in-exile of the Swedish national home education association and chairman of the conference, welcomed Blum's support.
"Blum is the highest ranking political figure in Germany to recognize the need for reform in Germany's view on parental freedoms in education. As a former minister of labor under Helmut Kohl, Blum's remarks can hardly be ignored by his party. We are very excited how the goals of the conference to engage policymakers to have a positive impact on home education are being met even now," Himmelstrand said.
Michael Donnelly, GHEC 2012 secretary and director of international affairs at Home School Legal Defense Association, said Blum "has said what no one else in Germany has been willing to – that Germany's iron-fisted monopoly on education is unhealthy for children and families."
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"I hope Angela Merkel and others in her party will listen to the wisdom and advice of this German statesman and take action soon so that parents in Germany can homeschool like millions around the world," Donnelly said.
WND reported only days ago that a Swedish appeals court unanimously concluded that homeschooling parents in Gothenburg are allowed to educate their children at home in line with their faith.
Analysts said while the decision applied only to a single family's case, it still carried the potential to become a major turning point in the battle over homeschooling across the region.
In Sweden, local officials had sought to violate the Namdar family's internationally recognized rights to home education and religious liberty. Last year, the municipal government slapped massive fines on the parents, who serve as Jewish Chabad-Lubavitch representatives to Gothenburg, and demanded that the children be enrolled in school.
However, authorities were rebuked by the court, which found that the children were receiving a "very satisfactory alternative" to the Swedish government's education.
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"One part of this decision is that this family is in a very special situation with regards to their religious freedom," Judge Per Olof Dahlin, one of three judges who ruled on the case, told WND in a phone interview at the time.
"There is a risk of harassment (for the children), and we considered that they earlier had education at home and online (for many years)," the judge added, pointing out that the family's many children were doing extremely well in the world, with some going on to get advanced degrees. "If you consider all these things together it qualifies as exceptional circumstances under the law."
According to homeschooling advocates and human rights experts, the ruling strikes at the heart of a new education law passed in mid-2010 purporting to ban homeschooling for religious and philosophical reasons in Sweden.
Under the recent reforms, home education would only be allowed in "exceptional circumstances" – in practice, homeschoolers said that meant almost never.
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The law was also aimed at forcing all schools, even nominally private ones, to teach the government's deeply controversial curriculum.
Earlier this month, a judge in Germany ordered the radical action of having the state take official custody of four children over the family's homeschooling practices.
According to HSLDA, Judge Markus Malkmus in the German district court in Darmstadt ordered the four children of Dirk and Petra Wunderlich transferred to the state's "child protective agency," called the Jugendamt.
"This points out the need for a legislative solution in Germany for homeschooling," said Donnelly. "Homeschooling is a legitimate form of education – Germany's oppressing of people who do it violates their obligation to protect their citizen's most basic human rights."
Dirk Wunderlich said he received a letter from the Jugendamt in which the agency explained it doesn't "wish to enforce [the] court's decision by doing terrible things such as taking the children away from us."
But he has little doubt that, ultimately, the state's goal is to take custody of the children.
Wunderlich said the Jugendamt "told me that the children must go to school."
Germany has a long history of persecuting homeschoolers, dating back to the era of Adolf Hitler, who claimed children for the state.
In 1937, Hitler said: "The youth of today is ever the people of tomorrow. For this reason we have set before ourselves the task of inoculating our youth with the spirit of this community of the people at a very early age, at an age when human beings are still unperverted and therefore unspoiled. This Reich stands, and it is building itself up for the future, upon its youth. And this new Reich will give its youth to no one, but will itself take youth and give to youth its own education and its own upbringing."
Just a few years ago, a government spokesman, Wolfgang Drautz, emphasized the importance of the socialization imposed on children through the schools.
His statement followed a response from the German government to another family that objected to police picking up their child and delivering him to a public school.
"The minister of education does not share your attitudes toward so-called homeschooling," said a government letter. "You complain about the forced school escort of primary school children by the responsible local police officers. … In order to avoid this in future, the education authority is in conversation with the affected family in order to look for possibilities to bring the religious convictions of the family into line with the unalterable school attendance requirement."


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Pit bull bites Mercedes
According to the yellow sticker pasted to the driver's window of this Mercedes sport utility vehicle parked
on University Way (overlooking Lambeth Field), it has been grabbed since 9:45am on July 25 by the jaws of a device whose inscription reads: "Pit Bull Tire Lock." UVA's Parking and Transportation Department announced two years ago that it would start using immobilization devices on its more serious unpaid-ticket scofflaws.
More Snaps
4 comments
surly and old July 29th, 2012 | 9:21pm
Probably another republican who thinks parking tickets are only for the rabble.
Were there signs that a dog was once strapped to the roof?
voltron callahan July 30th, 2012 | 1:05pm
um, how about a photo of the actual lock?
voltron callahan July 30th, 2012 | 1:07pm
I see the city went with the cheapest tire/wheel lock they could find, too
Christian Gehman July 31st, 2012 | 1:44pm
One wonders: what penalty is attached to super gluing the locks?


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Universal flu vaccine may be available in 5 years, scientists report
The key to a universal flu vaccine may have been found in the blood of people who beat the 2009 pandemic without getting sick. British researchers are reporting their discovery may bring us one step closer to one flu shot that protects against every new strain of the disease.
"New strains of flu are continuously emerging, some of which are deadly, and so the Holy Grail is to create a universal vaccine that would be effective against all strains of flu," Professor Ajit Lalvani, chair of infectious diseases at the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, said in a news release.
Lalvani and his colleagues began collecting blood from more than 340 volunteers during the 2009 H1N1, or "swine" flu pandemic. That flu strain killed at least 18,500 people around the globe, with researchers estimating up to 15 times more deaths that may have occurred due to related respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses.
Blood donors were asked in emails sent every three weeks to report any symptoms they experienced for a two-year period following the pandemic. If they had symptoms, they mailed in a nasal swab to a lab where scientists could confirm if the person indeed had the flu.
The scientists discovered that people who had a type of virus-killing immune cell called CD8 T cells were more likely to avoid serious illness during the deadly pandemic. That means a vaccine designed to increase CD8 T cell levels could be more effective at preventing flu viruses than conventional methods.
"The 2009 pandemic provided a unique natural experiment to test whether T cells could recognize, and protect us against, new strains that we haven't encountered before and to which we lack antibodies," said Lalvani.
The findings were published online Sept. 22 in Nature Medicine.
Current flu shots are developed based on certain strains in an effort to provide the best chances to reduce the risk of getting the flu or spreading it to others. A panel of infectious disease researchers and scientistsselect the strains that they think will be the most common for the year.
Once vaccinated, flu-fighting antibodies develop in about two weeks to stave off infection. That lag time is why experts recommend vaccination early in the fall before flu season peaks, which typically occurs later in the winter.
During last year's flu epidemic, the vaccine -- which protected against three strains -- was about 62 percent effective.
This year a "quadrivalent" vaccinewas introduced to protect against four viral strains, available in shot or nose spray form. But, experts have said the new vaccine is not necessarily more effective because it protects against more strains.
The scientists behind the new research are hopeful that emerging flu strains that crossed over between humans and animals (like bird and swine flu strains) may too be stopped by a universal flu vaccine that increases CD8 levels. They point out unlike current shots that create antibodies to target specific strains, CD8 T cells target the core of the virus that never changes.
"We already know how to stimulate the immune system to make CD8 T cells by vaccination," said Lalvani. "Now that we know these T cells may protect, we can design a vaccine to prevent people getting symptoms and transmitting infection to others."
He told the BBC such a shot was about five years away.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says everyone older than six months should get a flu shot, especially high-risk groups including kids younger than 5, seniors 65 and over, pregnant women, patients with weakened immune systems and people who care for any of these people.


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By Don Feder
The Democrats have been characterized as a party of peace marchers and flag-burners -- a Neville Chamberlain cadre chattering away on cable TV, knee-jerk internationalists whove mistaken the United Nations for the United States Marines.
I must protest this calumny.
Under the right circumstances, the Democrats can be Sgt. York and Audie Murphy times Rambo. There was a little war of which Democrats are exceedingly fond so much so that theyre still bragging about it five years later.
Its a conflict that didnt involve allegations of weapons of mass destruction. The nation we subjugated wasnt a sponsor of international terrorism. (This time, we fought for the terrorists.) It wasnt remotely related to national security. And the justification for our intervention turned out to be a complete fabrication.
For 78 days in 1999, we bombed Christian Yugoslavia (our ally in two World Wars) to aid Moslem separatists who were tight with Osama bin Laden. Ever since, NATO has occupied its sovereign territory with disastrous results.
Appearing on CNNs Late Edition in August, Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton offered her husbands 1999 adventure, over the ancient province of Kosovo, as evidence that Democrats are better at fighting wars than Republicans. (I would have thought Korea and Vietnam proved that conclusively.) We smashed the Serb war-machine, and we didnt lose a single American military person, Hillary boasted of the conflict her draft-dodger hubby dragged us into. She neglected to mention that it was a war we fought from 30,000 feet.
The party of McGovern and Dean is so proud of this notable feat of arms, that it invited Hashim Thaci, chieftain of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and Clintons erstwhile ally, to attend the Democratic National Convention. (Youd think the Party in a Perpetual Fog would be at least a little curious about how Thaci got the nickname Snake. Hint: Its not because hes a patron of the arts.)
On his return to Kosovo, Snake Thaci head of a terrorist gang that finances its operations through drug-running and prostitution proclaimed, It was confirmed once again that a Democratic administration would recognize and respect the will of the people of Kosovo for self-determination.
Self-determination is code for independence from Yugoslavia the creation of another Republic of Jihad (Balkanistan) on the periphery of Europe.
The Clinton gang that ran the war including Richard Holbrooke and Wesley Clark (then Supreme Commander of NATO forces) -- are slated for key posts in a Kerry administration. Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs under Clinton, Holbrooke (who once called the Serbs murderous assholes) could be Kerrys Secretary of State.
The War Hero and his running-mate both voted for the Senate resolution authorizing the use of force in Kosovo. A war resolution died in the Republican House.
What, we went to war without congressional authorization! We also did it without the permission of the United Nations. (Whatever happened to multilateralism?) Still, the French and Germans were on board always a bad sign.
In a July 23, 2004 letter to Albanian-Americans, Kerry charged the Bush administration was turning its back on the region Whenever Bush doesnt coddle terrorists (the PLO, the KLA) Kerry accuses him of abandoning whole regions.
In said letter, Kerry declared, The people of Kosovo must be able to determine their own future, including how they want to be governed. Since the people of Kosovo now are overwhelmingly Moslem, thanks in part to Clinton, Kerry is committing himself to Kosovos independence.
He wants to finish the job our last Democratic president started in 1999.
Kosovo is the ancient heartland of Serbian Orthodoxy. Until the 1970s, its population was predominately Serb. Due to illegal immigration from Albania, Moslems became a majority and began agitating for autonomy. Then they started committing atrocities against their Serb neighbors like beating elderly nuns, raping young girls and attacking monasteries. Then the KLA which the U.S. State Department listed as a terrorist group as late as 1998 started assassinating Yugoslav police and government officials.
Slobodan Milosevic, an ex-communist apparatchik who was President of Yugoslavia at the time, overreacted. (It is the Balkans, after all, a region second only to the Middle East for ethnic/religious harmony.)
Casting about for a way to take the nations attention off oral sex and impeachment, Bubba determined that we must intervene to save the saintly Albanians from the savage Serbs.
Ethnic cleansing was afoot, President Perjury gravely intoned. Exactly how this was different from the exchange of populations that took place throughout Europe in the aftermath of World War II (think of Poland and Germany, think of India and Pakistan) was never quite explained.
Worse, there were reports of killing fields and mass graves. Milosevic was cast as an architect of genocide the Heinrich Himmler of the Balkans,
At the Rambouillet conference, the Yugoslav president was presented with an ultimatum: allow a peace-keeping force into Kosovo (as a prelude to detaching the province from Yugoslavia) and permit NATO forces to occupy the entire country, if they choose.
The Serbs refused and the bombing commenced. We killed over 3,000 mostly civilians, mostly with cluster-bombs -- before Milosevic finally yielded to vastly superior force.
After the Yugoslav Federal Army was driven from Kosovo, forensic experts scoured the countryside, and came up empty-handed.
A December 31, 1999, article in the Wall Street Journal (coincidentally, by Daniel Pearl) reported that allegations of indiscriminate mass murder, rape camps, crematoriums, mutilation of the dead havent been borne out in the six months since NATO troops entered Kosovo. Ethnic-Albanian militants, humanitarian organizations, NATO and the news media fed off each other to give genocide rumors credibility. Now, a different picture is emerging.
Following these revelations, there were no cries of Where are the MGs? (mass graves). Republicans didnt begin every speech by accusing Clinton of lying to the nation in his rush to justify an unnecessary war (though they could have).
Michael Moore did not make a documentary on how a Democratic president engineered a conflict to advance his personal agenda. (Fahrenheit 1999?) No one in the media asked about Clintons exit strategy (5 years later, U.S. forces are still stationed in Kosovo) or demanded to know how he intended to win the peace. Whether or not there was ethnic cleansing before the war, there certainly was afterward.
Albanians, who were handed a victory by Clinton and NATO, drove out 277,000 Serbs. (Hundreds were murdered and thousands brutalized.) As of March 2004, Moslem multiculturalists had destroyed 135 Orthodox churches, monasteries and shrines all under the watchful eyes of KFOR , as NATOs Keystone Cop peace-keeping force is called.
The rampage continues. The latest pogrom occurred in March, when (in a planned and coordinated campaign) 28 Serbs were murdered, more than 600 wounded and another 3,600 forced to flee. The Serbs left in Kosovo -- estimated at between 102,000 and 114,000 -- live in a state of siege. Should KFOR be withdrawn, theyd all be dead or exiled in a matter of days.
Yes, Kosovo truly was the Democrats finest hour a prime example of just how tough the party of Jimmy Carter and Ramsey Clark can be, when theyre in a fighting mood.
On the other hand, their Kosovo allies are threatening to give scum-of-the-earth a bad name. Back in 99, Senator Joe Lieberman, whos rumored to know something about foreign policy, called the KLA freedom fighters. Well, you know what the moral relativists of the left say: One mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter.
As it transpires, the KLA is allied with other freedom fighters, -- whose SOP is car bombs and demolishing sky-scrappers. Bin Laden was active in the Balkans as early as 1994.
In a Washington Times story published within days of 9/11, defense expert Bill Gertz disclosed: Islamic radicals, including supporters of bin Laden, have been supporting Albanian rebels fighting in the region (who then were trying to de-stabilize Montenegro), including members of the Kosovo Liberation Army. Intelligence officials have said there are reports that KLA members have been trained at bin Laden camps in Afghanistan. During the initial fighting there, U.S. units scooped up Kosovar Albanians who were serving with the Talibans foreign legion.
Another investigative article (Al Qaedas Balkan Links, The Wall Street Journal, November 1, 2002) noted, By feeding off the regions impoverished republics and taking root in the unsettled aftermath of the Bosnia and Kosovo conflicts, al Qaeda, along with Iranian Revolutionary Guard-sponsored terrorists, have burrowed their way into Europes backyard.
Also, in the wake of the Democrats merry little war, Kosovo became the prime route, after Turkey, for the importation of heroin from Southeast Asia to Europe just one more way our friends the freedom fighters thanked us for giving them a country.
The foregoing all is courtesy of Bill Clinton, John Kerry and the other Democrats who know what the US military is for killing Christians to aid Moslem terrorists.
Whatever the shortcomings of President Bushs plans for Iraq, at least hes trying to bring democracy to a nation thats never known it before. Bush, Rumsfeld and Cheney ousted a brutal dictator, who sponsored international terrorism and (at the very least) was actively acquiring WMD-technology.
In Kosovo, we put the terrorists in power. Kerry helped. He voted for it. He defends it. (Thaci was his honored guest in Boston.) Now hes pushing independence for the terrorists. In terms of betraying the West, this is easily the best work hes done since his contribution to undermining the U.S. war effort in Vietnam in 1971.


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Love's Mosaic: Lapis and Emerald Ketubah
Artist: Robert Saslow
The love of two people is a lifelong path, a ring with no beginning and no end, to walk together and reflect upon again and again. It is a mosaic of colorful emotions and experiences as rich and varied as the array of stones and gems that make it up.
Dimensions: 1111
Medium: Giclée
Personalization Method:
Special Features:
Please note:
Robert Saslow is a Los Angeles-based designer who comes from a family of artists. He has a degree in 2-dimensional art and has worked for the Jewish community since 1980. He has been making original ketubot since 1983, and has had several of his pieces displayed.
The love of two people is a lifelong path, a ring with no beginning and no end, to walk together and reflect upon again and again. It is a mosaic of colorful emotions and experiences as rich and varied as the array of stones and gems that make it up.
Short on Time? Items marked with this icon are our fastest! They are ready to ship on short notice, even if you choose to personalize your Ketubah text. Choose between our personalized shipping options to accommodate even the most hurried schedule.
Items marked with this icon are our easiest. Choose your favorite design in the size that suits your home and budget. Then mix and match it with one of our many text options. You can even add your own special touch with options like "Your Own Text" or have us print your order on canvas to achieve the perfect look. With special features such as hi-rez zoom, and printer friendly text samples, there is no easier way to shop.
Items marked with this icon come in a wide range of texts. Regardless of your – and your wedding officiant's – Ketubah text requirements, these designs are sure to hit the mark.
With prices starting at $100, there's a Ketubah for every budget. Designs with a single $ are our most reasonably priced. Two $'s means moderate price. Looking for something really unique, check out our Premium Ketubahs ($$$).
Select a text option from above.
We highly recommend consulting with your wedding officiant before selecting a Ketubah text. Many rabbis, cantors and officiants prefer or require a certain type of text. If you are placing your order online, you can print up a copy of your Ketubah text from our website. Should you order with us by phone, we will fax or email you a copy of your Ketubah text. No matter how you order, we definitely suggest you forward the text to your wedding officiant. This small pre-wedding task will save you from any concern o...[more]
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Nirrimi Hankanson film09:00
Stills from a first film "Imaginary Picnic" by Nirrimi Hankanson . Nirrimi is a 17 year old aspiring fashion photographer living ...
Stills from a first film "Imaginary Picnic" by Nirrimi Hankanson. Nirrimi is a 17 year old aspiring fashion photographer living in Melbourne (originally from Townsville), who is now represented by LookManagement. Very exciting for a young photographer who started out with a deviantArt and flickr account to showcase her work.
16 comments
What a beautiful film, and a talented photographer. It's great to see her get represented xxReplyDelete
These are beautiful. The amount of young talent out there never ceases to amaze me.ReplyDelete
Very amazing! She must be so excited!ReplyDelete
Thank you for sharing! these are beautiful!ReplyDelete
-Coco from Our Paper Moon
these are beautifulReplyDelete
aawwwwwwwww i wish that was me v:)ReplyDelete
Nirrimi is such an inspiration! It's hard to believe she's only 17. Beautiful photographs xxReplyDelete
These are so beautiful and haunting at the same time!ReplyDelete
stunning, these are just stunning!!ReplyDelete
i love it!ReplyDelete
lovely shotsReplyDelete
beautiful, and dreamlikeReplyDelete
While she is living in Melbourne, she's not from there! She came from Townsville (North Queensland).ReplyDelete
- AnonymousWednesday, December 16, 2009
wow, these stills are great! I'm looking forward to see the film. thanks for sharing, I'm following you!ReplyDelete
@Chelsea Ann ~ oh I had heard about her living in townsville but wasn't sure whether this was before or after Melbourne. Thanks for letting me know. Ill fix the post.ReplyDelete
@walkabout ~ i linked to the video in the post..
or here it is http://www.lilyandthemuse.com/video/2091
Oh wow, I love Nirrimi. Discovered her about a month ago, love her work. She's such an inspiration, and she's so beautiful.ReplyDelete


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Find hotels & motels in Riviera using the list below. Search for cheap and discounted hotel and motel rates in or near Riviera, FL for your business or personal leisure travel. We provide the best Riviera, Florida hotel and motel rooms. Browse the Riviera area hotels to find the perfect lodging! Please use the provided map of the Riviera hotels.
The Riviera center is around the area of Playmobil Fun Park and 1 mile northeast of Rapids Water Park.
How should we direct your call?


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Latest media releases
UBS Art Award 2000 for young artists - a tribute to the painting of tomorrow.
UBS is awarding its first international prize for painting. Students from twenty selected art colleges all over the world were invited to compete for the UBS Art Award 2000. More than 300 works were submitted from ten countries. With the Award, UBS highlights its commitment to promoting up-and-coming talent and strengthening the interaction between the arts, the world of banking and the general public.
This December, the UBS Art Award 2000 will be presented in the Whitechapel Art Gallery in London. The prize is aimed at final year students from twenty selected art colleges in Switzerland, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, the UK, the US, South Africa, Australia and Japan. This international award for contemporary painting highlights UBS's commitment to promoting young artists all over the world.
A distinguished jury
The works submitted for the UBS Art Award 2000, which is offering prize money of CHF 160,000, are selected in two stages. In the first stage, local juries in the respective countries select three national winners for each country, and these winners go on to compete in the final in London. On 7 December, 2000 an international jury consisting of directors of leading art institutions and a representative of UBS will select an overall winner, who will take home a prize of CHF 30,000. The jury will also choose a national winner from every country, who will each be awarded CHF 10,000. The finalists' work will then be exhibited in London's Whitechapel Art Gallery. Next year, the same exhibition will be held at selected UBS locations worldwide.
The international jury will be presided over by Sir Nicholas Serota, the director of the Tate Gallery in London. With him on the jury will be Professor Jean-Christophe Ammann, director of the Museum of Modern Art in Frankfurt, Peter Pakesch, director of the Kunsthalle Basel, Professor Serge Lemoine, chief curator of the Grenoble Museum, New York gallery owner Betsy Miller, director of the Robert Miller Gallery, the Turin-based art publisher Umberto Allemandi and George Gagnebin, CEO UBS Private Banking.
A unique opportunity for young artists
What is so fascinating about this competition is primarily the exciting results produced when the work of young, as yet unknown artists from different countries is judged by recognized experts in contemporary art. The UBS Art Award 2000 will be the first time that most of the participating artists have taken part in an international competition. Peter Pakesch has this to say: "The UBS Art Award is a very bold undertaking. It is the first award of its kind at such a high level that enables students from many different cultures to take part. This makes the Award a fantastic and unique opportunity for the young artists involved."
The sheer number of students who submitted their work by the cut-off date on 31 August - there are more than 300 young hopefuls - is promising in itself and emphasizes the significance of UBS's Award for the leading art schools. UBS is eagerly awaiting the outcome of the national heats.
A commitment to art
The UBS Art Award 2000 is being organized by the Art Banking section of UBS Private Banking. Art Banking offers advice on art within the context of wealth management services. Together with its support as main sponsor for the ART international fair in Basel, the UBS Art Award 2000 is proof of the bank's commitment to supporting contemporary art. This commitment also signals the importance UBS attaches to strengthening the interaction between the art world, its clients and the public in general.
Zurich/Basel, 18 September 2000


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Coral Highlands
Regular price $ 20.00
$ 0.00
Printed in vibrant, vivid detail with a silky-smooth matte finish on hefty archival paper. This is not some pathetic inkjet wannabe~ this is ART!
★FREE Limited Edition 6x6" print when you spend $50!
Frame NOT included (but a great idea to exhibit your ART!)
Review our SHOP POLICIES for detailed info about your order!


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Plymouth State University's undergraduate degree programs give you a solid liberal arts foundation along with a deep and practical understanding of your chosen field. By the time you earn your bachelor's degree, you will think critically and be well prepared to enter the working world.
Whether your major is accounting or tourism management and policy, or anything in between, you will find caring professors who are invested in your success, countless opportunities to learn outside the classroom, and an incredible academic support system.
Visit our academic departments for information about their programs.
Do you like to read the fine print? Our undergraduate academic catalog is available online.
If you haven't decided on a major yet, explore our innovative Center for Student Success, which will help you find the right fit. Or you can build your own major through the Interdisciplinary Studies program. No matter what you choose to study, you can get involved with a variety of undergraduate research opportunities.
At Plymouth State University, learning is not just about sitting in a classroom. It's about making connections: with your professors, with your classmates, with your community, and with your future.


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DETROIT (AP) - Michigan has seen a 66 percent rise in homeless students over four years and the state is facing the prospect of reduced federal funding to help with the problem, officials said.
The number of homeless students in the state was up to more than 37,500 in 2011-12, from about 22,600 in 2009-10, according to the state Department of Education.
In 2011, Michigan received $2.3 million in federal funds, or $40.47 per homeless student. The state is getting the same amount for 2012-13, but an expected increase in homelessness is expected to reduce the subsidy to about $21.02 per student.
The automatic reduction in the federal budget, meanwhile, is expected to cut funding by 5 percent for 2013-14, The Detroit News reported (http://bit.ly/16vAcy3 ) Wednesday.
Homeless students are found across the state. Among them is Erik Verdier, 13, whose bed is a mattress on the floor of the basement room he shares with his parents in a relative's Detroit home. He's a sixth-grade student at Centennial Middle School in South Lyon.
'I don't tell the entire school about it,' said Erik, sitting between his parents. 'I only tell people on a need-to-know basis.'
The family has lived in the basement since losing their South Lyon mobile home six months ago after getting behind on rent.
Federal regulations define homeless children as those who lack 'a fixed, regular and adequate nighttime residence.' That includes those staying in someone else's home.
--- Information from: The Detroit News, http://detnews.com/


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Hazing Death Plea Gets Leniency, But Not from Victim's Mom
(TALLAHASSEE, Fla.) -- The first of a dozen defendants charged in the hazing death of Florida A&M University drum major Robert Champion appears to have gotten off easy with the judge Monday, but not with Champion's mother.
Champion, 26, was a member of the college's famed "Marching 100" band when he collapsed and died Nov. 19 on a bus parked outside an Orlando hotel after a football game.
Champion's parents sat steely-eyed and stared straight ahead as the judge explained his reasoning for sentencing Brian Jones, 24, to two years of probation and 200 hours of community service.
Moments earlier, the judge made an exception and allowed Champion's mother Pamela Champion to directly and sternly address Jones. She explained her thought process when deciding what to say to him.
"I thought about expressing the agony and pain that my family has gone through because of you. I thought of expressing the torment I go through each and every day knowing that I will never see Robert because of you," she said. "I even thought of expressing my anger, my disappointment in all the deceitful lies, the corruption, the ruthlessness, the mishandling of my son's murder."
In the end, she said, she decided to pose a series of questions to Jones. She asked him how long he could hide the truth, how he could live with the lie and what punishment he deserved.
"The judge had stated that your part in Robert's death was really minimal, but you and I know that's not true," she said. "It will always be there haunting you. We both know that."
Champion's father Robert Champion also addressed the court, speaking with "a lot of mixed emotions and a heavy heart."
"This is an opportunity that we can take to tell the world that we are not going to accept hazing. It's a thing of the past and it starts now with holding these people responsible for what they did," he said. "It's been going on too long and this is time to make a statement."
Jones' mother expressed her "deepest" and "sincerest" sympathy to the Champion family, but pleaded with the judge to show mercy to her son who told her that he was not involved in Champion's death.
"I've taught Brian to talk to me and tell me the truth," Jacquelin Jones said. "I'm convinced that my son told me the truth."
Jones was the last to tearfully address the court.
"I stand before you today still in shock, but with a sound mind and humble heart," he sniffed. "I just want the world to know that I'm sorry for the death of your son Robert. I truly am. No words or anything I could do would be sufficient enough to express how regretful I am of the loss of Robert."
He said the band's behavior was "completely inexcusable" and that the events of the night "went further than anyone imagined, wanted or thought." Jones said his "heart continues to ache at the thought of what happened."
Jones said he did not know Champion, but had heard of his high character, academic talents and precise marching skills. Through tears, he called Champion a "role model for excellence."
Jones was charged with a third-degree felony. He entered a no-contest plea on Oct. 9 after originally pleading not guilty.
Judge Marc Lubet called the sentencing an "extremely difficult situation" and said he had to look at Jones in terms of a ladder of culpability and prosecutors did not have any evidence that Jones hit or hurt Champion. Lubet quoted Abraham Lincoln before announcing the sentence, saying, "Mercy bears richer fruits than strict justice."
"I could destroy his life right this minute, but, once again, based on all the facts of this case, I think the quote from Abraham Lincoln is very, very pertinent," Lubet said. "I think you're worth saving."
The judge even commended Jones for being the first defendant to come forward and "take some responsibility."
In addition to the probation and community service, Jones was ordered to have no contact with the Champion family unless they were to initiate it and no contact with any of the other defendants.
Thirteen FAMU band members have been charged in relation to Champion's death. Eleven of the band members face felony hazing charges and the other two face misdemeanor hazing charges. The defendants have pleaded not guilty.
In May, over 2,000 pages of evidence from the investigation into Champion's death were released by the Florida District Attorney's Office, which delivered a blow-by-blow of the events from the night of Robert Champion's death.
Champion endured a lethal pummeling down the aisle of a pitch-black bus that rocked from the force of the violence inside, according to the documents.
Champion struggled, with a female band member holding him back to prolong the punishment, through a gauntlet of band mates who used their fists, feet, straps and sticks to pound him into unconsciousness.
Copyright 2012 ABC News Radio


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Visit our main website at www.StDavids.com
Michelle Badash, MS
Uterine cancer is a disease in which cancer cells grow in the uterus. The walls of the uterus are made of 2 types of lining. The endometrium is the inner lining and the myometrium is the muscular, outer lining. The most common type of uterine cancer (adenocarcinoma) begins in the endometrium. Less common cancers, called sarcomas, begin in the myometrium.
This fact sheet will focus on endometrial cancer.
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Cancer occurs when cells in the body divide without control or order. Normally, cells divide in a regulated manner. If cells keep dividing uncontrollably when new cells are not needed, a mass of tissue forms, called a growth or tumor. The term cancer refers to malignant growths. These growths can invade nearby tissues. Cancer that has invaded nearby tissues can then spread to other parts of the body.
Exposure to estrogen seems to be strongly related to the development of endometrial cancer. It is not clear exactly what causes changes in the cells, but is probably a combination of genetics and environment.
Endometrial cancer is more common in women aged 50-60 years old. Other factors that increase your chance of endometrial cancer include:
Endometrial cancer may cause:
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A pelvic exam of the vagina, uterus, ovaries, bladder, and rectum will be done.
Your bodily fluids and tissues may be tested. This can be done with:
The physical exam combined with all of your test results, will help to determine the stage of cancer you have. Staging is used to guide your treatment plan. Like other cancers, endometrial cancer is staged from I-IV. Stage I is a very localized cancer, while stage IV indicates a spread to other parts of the body.
Treatments for endometrial cancer depend on the stage of the cancer. Options may include:
may be done to remove the uterus. Other nearby structures, such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and lymph nodes may also need to be removed.
This is the use of
to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may be:
Drugs may be used to control cancer cells outside the uterus. This treatment is for women unable to have surgery, or who have recurrent cancer, or cancer that has spread.
This is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
may be given in many forms including: pill, injection, and through a catheter. The drugs enter the bloodstream and travel through the body killing mostly cancer cells, but also some healthy cells. Chemotherapy may have limited benefit for treating endometrial cancer.
All women should have regular pelvic exams to monitor any changes that may signal cancer. Using
birth control
pills may protect against endometrial cancer.
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Copyright © EBSCO Publishing. All rights reserved.
Women's Center of Texas12221 N. Mopac Expwy.Austin, TX 78758Telephone: (512) 478-3627Map & Directions


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Friday, November 19, 2010
2010 Lotus Sport Cars Elan ConceptPosted by admin at 1:58 PM
2010 Lotus Sport Cars Elan Concept
At Paris Auto Show 2010 Lotus automaker manufacture has display six new models super car sport. One of the six models is the Lotus Elan Concept. 2010 Lotus Elan Concept Cars, a high performance sports car, is the beating heart of the new Lotus line-up and thanks to some clever innovations the Lotus Elan also has everyday usability too.
2010 Lotus Sport Cars Elan ConceptElan is expected to go to production in summer of 2013 and will be available for purchase in fall of 2013. Like the Evora, the Lotus Elan features 2+2 seating, suggesting that the new Evora may not really have a long life at Lotus. Prices for the production Elan are estimated to start around $118,500 ( £75,000 ).
Lotus Elan Concept Power is provided by a mid-mounted 4.0-liter V6 engine with 450 PS (331 kW / 444 hp) and 465 Nm (343 lb-ft) of toque. It is backed up by a seven-speed DCT transmission, which enables the 1,295 kg (2,855 lb) car to accelerate from 0-100 km/h in 3.5 seconds and hit a top speed of 310 km/h (193 mph). If that fails to attract your attention, perhaps you'll be interested in the hybrid variant which will have CO2 emissions as low as 199 g/km. With performance specs like that, there's a little double that Elan is supercar.
From a styling perspective, the Elan is built like an athlete with a muscular physique and perfect poise. It's a thoroughbred, rigid with tension, ambitious and addictive, nothing but best in class will suffice for this car.
It's not enough to simply provide performance and exceptional looks, innovation is also integral to the Elan's appeal. In keeping with the rest of the new Lotus range, the Elan features optional hybrid technology with KERS.
2010 Lotus Sport Cars Elan ConceptDany Bahar, Chief Executive Officer of Group Lotus, said: "If there was ever a car to make you drive the long way home, it's the Elan. Perfect for both road and track, the Elan not only ticks all the boxes, it creates new ones too."
"The Elan will convert people to Lotus, I would challenge people not to become addicted to driving it. It will also go a long way towards dispelling the old misconceptions about this class, that in order to have high performance you must sacrifice usability – those days are gone."
"Once you drive an Elan you won't look back, it will give you things you didn't even realise you were missing – that's the essence of Lotus and the Elan perfectly captures that spirit."
2010 Lotus Sport Cars Elan Concept
Labels: 2010, Concept Car, Lotus, Lotus Concept Cars, Lotus Sport Cars, Sport Cars
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Model# XCP1025H5
Acer XK Chipper - Custom Assembled
Base Price $39.95The Acer XK Chipper combines the loft of an 8-iron with the weight and lie of a putter. The ultrawide contoured sole glides across either the rough or the close cropped apron surrounding the green. Gooseneck, over-the-hosel design increases the effective face area and eliminates the possibility of shanking the ball like with an iron.Base price assembled with Apollo Standard Steel Shaft and Karma Black Velvet Grip. Learn More


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Dani S
Great article.
I'm currently working on a project where I was brought in to create web content 3/4 of the way through. This project moved way to fast and obviously didn't have "the talk."
It's safe to say we're now "knocked up."
This is my first content job and I'm trying to use best practice when I can, but it would have saved me a world of headaches and under-my-breath swearing had we done things correctly in the beginning.
Which one is the blue Power Ranger, Donatello? ;)


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Could exercise be the panacea for all sorts of maladies? Every week I read another study finding that exercise could help prevent this disease or that condition. We've known for years that exercise could help prevent heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure, but more recently, studies have shown that working out can even prevent some forms of cancer and dementia. For so long, cancer has been seen as a death sentence, but fortunately, cancer survival rates have increased over the past 20 years, mostly due to earlier diagnosis and better forms of treatment. Of course, even world-class athletes become stricken with cancer, but as Lance Armstrong proved with his battle against cancer, exercise can be one source of healing. The idea that exercising could give you some control over these two conditions is empowering. It leaves me feeling less at the whim of chance or genetics.
With these studies fresh in my mind, I wondered what else exercise might help prevent or cure in the future. I know of several "ailments" associated with the fitness industry that I hope someday exercise will cure. Here is my personal, not-so-serious wish list:
Rising utility bills (Hook up those treadmills and stationary bikes to a generator that powers your heater, and voila! Your heat is free!)
Hurricanes that destroy a life's dream and a family's business (Perhaps the positive energy emitted during yoga classes could help turn hurricanes on themselves over open water.)
Increased competition (Could you run the competition out of business?)
Falling revenues (Maybe lifting your club above the crowd could set you apart and bring in more revenues?)
Poor reach rates into the deconditioned, virgin club member market (This might require stretching beyond your current marketing message.)
Poor member retention rates (Once we have them, we need to get a grip on good customer service and member follow-up.)
Staff turnover (Could spotting discontent and beefing up training and compensation help?)
Copycat express workout franchises (Is anyone else tired of the repetition? Hey, if it's working, beat it until it's a dead horse, I guess.)
Unrealistic diets and diet pills (Can we make our members tone deaf to these quick fix promises?)
Accounting procedures that lead to SEC investigations (Wonder if companies will now exercise better financial procedures?)
Okay, exercise probably won't fix any of these issues, but perhaps science will discover that exercise helps prevent and heal many more physical conditions than originally thought. Then it's just up to the fitness industry to use those findings to pull in the Baby Boomers and Gen Xers (who are beginning to get older, too) based on the idea that exercise is a preventive measure much like taking a daily vitamin and getting an annual physical exam.


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12 Great Jobs for Military Spouses
The Department of Defense reports that 85% of military spouses want or need to work.
The good news? This population has more education and training than the general public. 84% have some college, 25% have a bachelor's degree and 10% have an advanced degree. And that doesn't take into account their other marketable skills. Because 35% of military spouses in the workforce are in jobs that require a professional license, Michelle Obama and Jill Biden announced a goal for license portability for military spouses to be passed in all 50 states by 2014, as part of their work with Joining Forces.
The Military Spouse Employment Partnership (MSEP) is developing partnerships with local, national and international businesses to support the workforce needs of both military spouses and businesses. Through MSEP, Fortune 500 "PLUS" companies across America are partnering with the Department of Defense to create employment and career opportunities for spouses. The impressive list of employers includes Microsoft, Hyatt, Amazon, CVSCaremark, DELL, H&R Block and many other marquee employers who value military spouses.
"Our partners recognize that military spouses bring reliability, adaptability, knowledge and skills that put them head and shoulders above other candidates," says MSEP Program Manager, Dr. Lillie Cannon. "Federal employers give preference to military spouses and private employers make an effort to employ them." Cannon advises job seekers to start their search at their military readiness offices and check with the MSEP website to see which jobs are available in the area. (Check out this list of Military Spouse Friendly Employers.)
With the help of MSEP, we have also come up with this list of 12 ways military spouses can turn their education and/or skills into a money-making venture regardless of location.
1. Direct selling
Become a representative for an established, direct marking firm like Mary Kay, Avon, Stella & Dot or Pampered Chef. Most require a small but affordable investment for the sales materials and products necessary to get started. Consultants sell door-to-door or organize home parties.
2. Child care and babysitting
Good, reliable childcare is always in demand so start your own childcare and babysitting service for parents in your area. Having experience with your own children will probably give you a leg up on the competition. Be sure to familiarize yourself with state laws for caring for children, especially if hosting them in your home.
3. Selling handcrafted goods online
Websites like Etsy.com and Artfire.com are the equivalent of eBay for handcrafted or artisan goods. If you have a knack for creating artsy crafts, supplies, jewelry or art, you have the potential of earning hundreds of dollars each month.
4. Tutoring and substitute teaching
Proficient in math, science or English? Hang out your tutoring shingle! Also, websites like Tutor.com and Tutorvista.com need tutors to work with students online from their home computers for almost every subject. The pay varies depending on the subject and the number of hours. Every school district in the country needs quality subs and the flexibility makes this a very appealing job for military spouses. Most fill-ins will need a college degree but qualifications vary from state to state. Check with your state education department to learn if you qualify and how to start working in your area school district.
5. Errand runner
Whether they are elderly, busy or simply lack a car, many people need help with time-consuming tasks like picking up the dry cleaning, grocery shopping or renewing their auto registration. That's where you can come in. Establish an errand business and earn extra cash being a go-fer for others.
6. Catering and/or cake-making
Those hours spent watching the Food Network might be the genesis of a money-making plan. If you have great culinary chops, try catering parties or backyard cookouts, selling homemade baked goods or offer your services as a personal chef. A course in cake decoration, candy making, and baking from a community college or gourmet food shop can boost your presentation skills.
7. Pet services
Turn your love of pets into some extra cash by caring for animals for people who travel or work long hours. While most pet owners need help with dogs and cats, be prepared to care for rabbits, snakes, hamsters, birds and fish, too. Listing your services on Craigslist or posting flyers at neighborhood pet stores and veterinary offices can drive customers your way. A mobile dog and cat grooming business can also bring in consistent income.
8. Gift basket creator
Use your creative flair to create beautiful gift baskets. Package gifts and goodies in attractive baskets, decorative tins, boxes or bags for special occasions like baby showers, birthdays, anniversaries or holidays and market them via word-of-mouth, brochures or a dedicated website.
9. Personal trainer
Are you in great shape? Do people often ask you to share your fitness tips? Instead of giving away the store, hire yourself out for personal training sessions. Your chances of getting a job at a gym or fitness studio are good since staff turnover is high.
10. Administrative assisting
This is one of the largest occupations in the country. Your office and computer skills can land you a job in a variety of settings including schools, government agencies, or a variety of corporate settings.
11. Information technology (IT) specialist
Temporary agencies and MSEP partners like Microsoft and Dell are consistently in need of workers in this portable, high-growth and high-demand field.
12. Tax preparer
Each year, large tax-preparation firms such as H&R Block and Jackson Hewitt train and employ tens of thousands of people to prepare tax returns in their storefront offices. Any background in accounting and bookkeeping will undoubtedly give you a leg up on the competition.
13. Consistent "temp" work
Local temporary agencies, as well as national ones like Manpower and Kelly Services, provide an opportunity to work in your field of expertise or learn a new skill. Another great resource for hourly work is SnagaJob.com.


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For the past few weeks, I've mostly used images from my family albums when I participate in Sepia Saturday. For this week's image prompt, I thought I'd choose a picture from my husband's photo albums that closely resembles the above picture. However, this decision caused me a bit of a dilemma, because there's not one single solitary image of 'police' or 'guns' or such like in their albums. Not to worry, I thought, just go with another choice, like uniforms, well-dressed men, bicycles, windows, people peering from the shadows, buildings, or something completely different. It was then that I remembered a certain black-and-white photo.
|Michael and his sister Margaret, about 1962.


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Supreme Mug
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You can order an unbranded sample of this item online. Simply click 'Add to Basket' below, and enter your details when prompted. A sample costs £1.81 + delivery (£9.95).
Please note: we cannot guarantee item colour choices with sample purchases. Colour choice can be confirmed during the branded order process with your Account Manager.
If you would like to customise your order with colour, printing and branding options, click 'Get a quote' and follow the instructions.
If you'd like to discuss your branding needs with one of the team, we can give you a call. Just click 'Request a Callback' and fill out your details - we'll be in touch as soon as we can.
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Figuring out what you need to send us to get your design/logo on your Supreme Mug can be daunting. That's why we have a dedicated Artwork Studio here to help you in any way they can. Find out more
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Scottish Rugby
Who will be the next Scotland coach?
ESPN Staff
November 26, 2012
Andy Robinson brought an end to his stint in charge of Scotland by resigning from his post on Sunday © PA Photos
Andy Robinson's decision to vacate the Scotland coaching hotseat leaves one of the sport's top jobs up for grabs.
With the 2013 Six Nations looming large on the horizon and the next Rugby World Cup less than three years away, the pressure is on Scottish Rugby to find the right man and as SRU chief executive stated yesterday 'take the team forward'.
So who will get the nod? ESPNscrum casts an eye across some of those names likely to be linked to the post.
Scott Johnson
Nick Mallett
Sean Lineen
Bryan Redpath
Wayne Smith
Todd Blackadder
Alan Tait
Michael Bradley
Jake White
© ESPN Sports Media Ltd.
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Latest media releases
UBS ART AWARD 2000 goes to Martina Gmür.
On behalf of the international jury, Sir Nicholas Serota announced the winner of the UBS Art Award 2000 in the London Whitechapel Art Gallery. The UBS Art Award 2000 - the first of its kind - is an international art competition in which graduating students from 20 art colleges in ten countries were invited to participate. Supporting young artists reflects UBS Private Banking's commitment to promoting young talents and to contributing to the painting of tomorrow.
UBS has awarded an international painting prize of 30,000 Swiss Francs (approximately £12,000) to Martina Gmür from Switzerland, University of applied sciences Basel. Furthermore, nine other national winners for each country have been awarded 10,000 Swiss Francs (approximately £4,000). The winners were chosen from three participants of each country who were sent to the final judging round in London after having been selected by national juries. All in all, a total of 340 works from students at 20 art colleges in ten countries were submitted to the competition.
The other nine national winners are: Lily Hibberd (Australia), Karina Bisch (France), Tamara Khundadze (Germany), Valentina Frigerio (Italy), Tomohiro Noguchi (Japan), Mandla Mabila (South Africa), Joaquim Cantalozella Planas (Spain), June Sira (UK), Hillary Bleecker (USA).
The winners of the UBS Art Award 2000 were selected by an international jury of judges from leading art institutions around the world. Chaired by Sir Nicholas Serota, Director Tate (UK), the panel included Professor Jean-Christoph Ammann, Director of the Museum of Modern Art Frankfurt (Germany), Professor Dr. Serge Lemoine, Chief Curator of the Musée de Grenoble (France), the New York Gallery owner and expert in contemporary art, Betsy Miller (USA), Dr. Umberto Allemandi, Art Publisher, Turin (Italy), Peter Pakesch, Director of the Kunsthalle Basel and Georges Gagnebin, CEO Private Banking & Member of the Group Executive Board UBS AG, Zurich/Basel (Switzerland).
Commenting on the occasion, Sir Nicholas Serota, Director Tate and chairman of the international jury, said: "The Jury has been impressed by the range and energy of the paintings on view and compliments all the artists who have been selected. The high standard of the work made the final decision extremely difficult."
Georges Gagnebin, CEO UBS Private Banking, affirmed: "The UBS Art Award 2000 provokes and enables an interaction between the art world, our clients, our personnel and the public in general. For UBS Private Banking, the Award represents innovation and quality, the desire for perfection and a dialogue with trends in society and personal emotions. UBS is proud to be able to explore new ways in supporting the arts."
London, December 8, 2000


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From ForensicsWiki
RAR Archives (Roshal Archive file format) is a proprietary format for storing information created by Eugene Roshal. The format is currently handled by Alexander Roshal, Eugene's relative.
The file has the magic number of:
The RAR format is comprised of many sub-formats that have changed over the years. The different formats and their descriptions are as follows:
This only way to create a RAR file is using the Winrar software. There are several implementations of the process to open a RAR file (commonly known as the "unrar" process). Some of them are:
- unrarLib
- RAR file unarchiver written in C
- Easy implementation with a header file and the source code file
- Information Link
- WinRAR
- Only software that can create and open a RAR file
- Distributed by a proprietary license
- WinRAR executable for Windows
- UnRAR
- Created by Eugene Roshal for opening up RAR files only
- May not be used to reverse engineer the RAR file format and create RAR files
- Source code provided for people to implement/integrate methods of opening RAR files
- Additionally, implementations of UnRAR are available for a plethora of operating systems
- Download Link
- The Unarchiver
- Utility made for Mac OSX to open a multitude of files, including RAR files
- Very handy for dealing with multiple file types
- Source Code Download
- Information Website
- 7-Zip
- Utility made for Windows applications to open a multitude of files, including RAR files
- Download Link


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About 20 participants from the Syrian city Aleppo were trained to design and implement public awareness campaigns in the field of water resources management. The 5-day-workshop, entitled "How to Design and Implement a Public Awareness Campaign" is the third workshop organized in the Arab Region by The World Conservation Union (IUCN) and InWent Capacity Building International. Two other regional courses were held previously in Morocco and Syria (Damascus) in 2006 and early 2007.
This workshop was organized by IUCN and InWent in partnership with GTZ (German Technical Cooperation Syria) and DED (Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst, Syria). The target group enhanced their skills in technical aspects of the design and the implementation of public awareness campaigns. The outcome of the workshop showed not only high level of cooperation between the different participants, but also intensive knowledge sharing in the domain of water awareness approaches.
Twenty people with different expertise and backgrounds, from the government irrigation and water establishments, NGOs and the Ministry of Housing and Building in Syria, were inspired by the opening Session of the Governor from Aleppo, Mr. Tamir al-Hijeh, to develop their capabilities in raising awareness. "It is of great importance to raise the public awareness to be able to face the environmental challenges facing us" said the Governor of Aleppo in his opening speech. As a result of the workshop, a committee will be established, in order to work on a public awareness campaign on water and energy in Syria.
For more information contact Ms. Eng. Fidaa Haddad, Field Coordinator IUCN WAME Regional Water Program: [email protected]


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We are seeking a locum tenens psychiatrist to provide full-time inpatient coverage in Texas. Some weekend rounds and call may be needed 1-2 times per month. Mostly adult patients, with some geriatrics.
Dates Needed: ASAP - ongoing
Call Ratio/Schedule: Weekend call possible
Hours Per Day: 8
Case Load/PPD: 12-15 PPD
Provider Availability: Regular Time
Assignment Type: Inpatient
Assignment Duration: Locums
Facility Type: Hospital
Call Required: Negotiable
Board Certification Required: Negotiable
Patient Population: Adults
Support Staff: NP
Government: No
Reference ID: ORD-059786-MD-TX
Job Posting ID: 990586
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Find Our Latest Video Reviews on YouTube!
If you want to stay on top of all of our video reviews of the latest tech, be sure to check out and subscribe to the Gear Live YouTube channel, hosted by Andru Edwards! It's free!
Wednesday May 13, 2009 12:56 pm
Sanyo LP-WXU700 WiFi Projector
Posted by Sheila Franklin Categories: Corporate News, Misc. Tech, Wireless / WiFi
Sanyo Japan has unveiled their LP-WXU700 Projector, supposedly the world's first to be WiFi enabled. At a size of 334.2 X 78.4 X 257.5mm and weight of 3.6kg, it supports the IEEE802.11n standard and is designed for portability. The WXGA projector has a 500:1 contrast ratio, 3,800 lumens of brightness and can stream video through a PC. HDMI and USB interfaces are included as well. On sale in Japan on June 19 for ~$6,300.00, there is no word as yet to when it will arrive in other countries.
Read More | Crunch Gear
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