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Italy 22-15 Ireland, Six Nations
Italy claim historic victory over Ireland
March 16, 2013
Ireland's Cian Healy looks to force an opening in the Italy defence
© PA Photos
Match Analysis by ESPNscrum
Italy claimed a first Six Nations victory over Ireland with a 22-15 triumph in their clash at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on Saturday.
If, as expected, this was to be Brian O'Driscoll's last match for Ireland it was not the way to end such a celebrated career as the finest player his country has produced. Apart from the result, O'Driscoll spent 10 minutes in the sin-bin for stamping and was fortunate to escape a red card for an offence that is sure to result in a suspension. From an early stage the Irish were in disarray, plugging holes left by injury and crumbling before a fired-up Italian side inspired by their omnipresent skipper Sergio Parisse and retiring prop Andrea Lo Cicero.
Lo Cicero, Italy's most capped player who was appearing in his final Test, drank in the applause as he departed in the final quarter and he could have envisaged few better outcomes than today's for his send-off. It was only the second time that the Azzurri had finished the Six Nations with two victories and the result will surely spell the end of Ireland head coach Declan Kidney, whose contract expires in the summer.
Once more Kidney was left firefighting a staggering succession of injuries that accounted for wing Keith Earls and centre Luke Marshall after only 25 minutes. Substitute Luke Fitzgerald then limped off shortly before half-time and having run out of three-quarter replacements other than scrum-half Paul Marshall, flanker Peter O'Mahony was deployed on the left wing.
It was a disastrous situation that perfectly summed up a chaotic Six Nations, but even allowing for the injury situation it is doubtful that defeat to Italy will be deemed acceptable to Kidney's Irish Rugby Football Union paymasters. Wing Giovanbattista Venditti burrowed over for the game's only try in the 49th minute, but Italy could have finished with several more and were grateful that Luciano Orquera and Gonzalo Garcia had brought their kicking boots.
The petulance that swept into Ireland's game was disappointing with Donnacha Ryan and Conor Murray following O'Driscoll into the sin-bin, with the place kicking of Paddy Jackson - who finished with all 15 of his side's points - as one of the few positives. Jackson was soon into the swing of things when referee Wayne Barnes penalised the Azzurri for offside, the Ulster fly-half obliging with the three points.
Ireland were at panic stations in the 14th minute when they were pushed back to their whitewash by a line-out catch and drive and only desperate defending and a penalty kept Italy at bay with Orquera on target to level the score. A scrum-half break from Edoardo Gori, that saw him combine superbly with Parisse, was evidence that the Azzurri's confidence was growing.
Orquera struck the left upright with a second penalty but was successful with a third, giving Italy a lead they fully deserved. Time and again the Azzurri broke the gainline with Parisse prominent and in one glorious moment a long line of blue shirts was spread before the posts only for a lazy pass from Orquera to ruin the chance.
Jackson missed a tricky penalty and Ireland's problems deepened when O'Driscoll was sin-binned for stamping on flanker Simone Favaro. Once more the visiting defence looked set to crack but Italy were betrayed by their composure at a crucial moment.
A monster penalty from centre Garcia ensured the scoreboard kept ticking over, but Jackson replied on the stroke of half time amid a deafening chorus of boos from home fans irate at Barnes' failure to punish Rob Kearney for shoving Luke McClean in the face. The one-way traffic continued to flow towards the Irish line and inevitably they cracked, wing Venditti burrowing beneath a pile of green shirts to score a try that was confirmed by the TMO.
The near-touchline conversion was landed by Orquera, giving Italy a 10-point lead, but Parisse was sin-binned for tripping substitute Ian Madigan and in his absence Jackson kicked two penalties.
The final quarter began with an all-out assault on the Italian line with O'Mahony and wing Craig Gilroy making the biggest inroads. The Azzurri infringed in front of the posts, allowing Jackson to kick his fifth penalty, but Parisse returned to the fray to steady the ship. Gori came crashing down to the turf, landing on his head, after colliding with Devin Toner but the scrum-half eventually rose to his feet and Barnes was correct to leave Toner unpunished.
Ryan was shown a yellow card and Orquera dispatched a long-range three points, before Murray then followed his Munster colleague into the sin-bin for an off-the ball challenge. The offence reduced Ireland to 13 men for a spell and Italy would not be denied with Orquera slotting a late penalty to complete the victory.
© PA Photos
© ESPN Sports Media Ltd.
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Brunswick - The DLR Institute for Flight Guidance, in collaboration with the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre, has developed an operational concept and logical architecture for a Total Airport Management system. The new concept builds on the current CDM (Collaborative Decision Making) system for airports to produce a comprehensive airport management system based on an Airport Operations Plan (AOP).
The concept envisages an Airport Operations Control Centre or APOC in which people responsible for individual areas (such as the airport, air traffic control, airlines etc) come together in order to draw up, dynamically update and implement this plan with a tactical and strategic time horizon (30 minutes to several months). Operators would be supported in this decision-making process by technical assistance systems such as the recently presented Total Operations Planner CLOU and other, existing systems such as AMAN, DMAN and TMAN. This entire approach is known as human-centred automation, which refers to technological development centred around people and processes.
Because the requirements of individual airports can vary significantly, the Total Airport Management system allows for several variants in its implementation, be it cost-effective solutions for small airfields, a distributed virtual airport control centre or a real control centre for European transport hubs. This approach is designed to enable airports to serve as innovative integration models for the air transport network by operating an efficient, results-oriented Air Traffic Management system. The concept was presented at the closing event of the EUROCONTROL CDM Task Force in Brussels, where it was enthusiastically received.
Prototype applications for these assistance systems will be presented next February on the DLR stand at the ATC Maastricht 2007 international trade fair.


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From MeritBadgeDotOrg
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== External links ==
== External links ==
http://dmoz.org/Recreation/Scouting/Organizations/Boy_Scouts_of_America DMOZ directory of Boy Scouts of America sitesA good resource for requirement 3b.
http://www.ala.org/ala/alsc/awardsscholarships/literaryawds/newberymedal/newberyhonors/newberymedal.htm -- List of Newberry Medal and Honors books.
http://www.ala.org/ala/alsc/awardsscholarships/literaryawds/newberymedal/newberyhonors/newberymedal.htm -- List of Newberry Medal and Honors books.
[[Category:Boy Scouts]] [[Category:Merit Badges]]
[[Category:Boy Scouts]] [[Category:Merit Badges]]
Revision as of 12:14, August 13, 2007
Merit badge requirements
- 1. Do EACH of the following:
- a. Learn how to search your library's card catalog or computerized catalog by author, title, and subject.
- b. With the assistance of your merit badge counselor or a librarian, select six books of four different types such as poetry, drama/plays, fiction, nonfiction, biographies, etc.). Ask your librarian or counselor about award-winning books that are recommended for readers your age and include at least one of those titles.
- c. Find the books in the library catalog. With your counselor's or a librarian's assistance, locate the books on the shelves.
- d. Read each book. Keep a log of your reading that includes the title of the book, the pages or chapters read, the date you completed them, and your thoughts about what you have read so far. Discuss your reading with your counselor. Using your log as a reference, explain why you chose each book and tell whether you enjoyed it and what it meant to you.
- 2. Read about the world around you from any two sources—books, magazines, newspapers, the Internet (with your parent's permission), field manuals, etc. Topics may include sports, environmental problems, politics, social issues, current events, nature, religion, etc. Discuss what you have learned with your counselor.
- 3. Do ONE of the following:
- a. From a catalog of your choice, fill out an order form for merchandise as if you intended to place an order. Share the completed form with your counselor and discuss it.
- b. With your parent's permission, locate at least five Web sites that are helpful for your scouting or other activities. Write the Internet addresses of these sites in your log. Talk with your counselor or a librarian about safety rules for using the Internet.
- 4. With your counselor's and parent's permission, choose ONE of the following activities and devote at least four hours of service to that activity. Discuss your participation with your counselor.
- a. Read to a sick, blind, or homebound person in a hospital or in an extended-care facility.
- b. Perform volunteer work at your school library or a public library.
- c. Read stories to younger children, in a group or individually.
Source: 2007 Boy Scout Requirements (33215)
Help with these requirements
External links
Library of Congress - The USA's Library of Congress's home page.
LoC Online Catalog - The USA's Library of Congress's Online catalog.
DMOZ directory of Boy Scouts of America sites - A good resource for requirement 3b.
[http://www.ala.org/ala/alsc/awardsscholarships/literaryawds/newberymedal/newberyhonors/newberymedal.htm -- List of Newberry Medal and Honors books.


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Smale continued to work for his doctorate at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor under R Bott's supervision and he was awarded his Ph D in 1957 for the thesis Regular Curves on Riemannian Manifolds. In his thesis he generalised results proved by Whitney in 1937 for curves in the plane to curves on an n-dimensional manifold. Smale was an instructor at the University of Chicago in 1956-58.
In 1958 Smale learnt about Pontryagin's work on structurally stable vector fields and he began to apply topological methods to study the these problems. He the spent the years 1958-60 at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton on a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship. The last six months of this fellowship he spent at the Instituto de Mathematica Pura e Aplicada in Rio de Janeiro. Here he received a letter from Levinson which led him to study chaotic phenomena; we describe these ideas below.
In 1960 Smale was appointed an associate professor of mathematics at the University of California at Berkeley, moving to a professorship at Columbia University the following year. In 1964 he returned to a professorship at the University of California at Berkeley where he has spent the main part of his career. He retired from Berkeley in 1995 and took up a post as professor at the City University of Hong Kong.
Smale was awarded a Fields Medal at the International Congress at Moscow in 1966. The work which led to this award was described by René Thom, see [9]. One of Smale's impressive results was his work on the generalised Poincaré conjecture.
The Poincaré conjecture, one of the famous problems of 20th-century mathematics, asserts that a simply connected closed 3-dimensional manifold is a 3-dimensional sphere. The higher dimensional Poincaré conjecture claims that any closed n-dimensional manifold which is homotopy equivalent to the n-sphere must be the n-sphere. When n = 3 this is equivalent to the Poincaré conjecture. Smale proved the higher dimensional Poincaré conjecture in 1961 for n at least 5.
(Michael Freedman proved the conjecture for n = 4 in 1982 but the original conjecture remained open until settled by G Perelman who was offered the 2006 Fields medal for his proof.)
Another area in which Smale has made a very substantial contribution is in Morse theory which he has applied to multiple integral problems. In fact Smale attacked the generalised Poincaré conjecture using Morse theory.
Another discovery of Smale's related to strange attractors. An attractor in classical mechanics is a geometrical way of describing the behaviour of a dynamical system. There are three classical attractors, a point which characterises a steady state system, a closed loop which characterises a periodic system, and a torus which combines several cycles. Smale discovered strange attractors which lead to chaotic dynamical systems. Strange attractors have detailed structure on all scales of magnification and were one of the early fractals to be studied.
Smale's career changed direction in the late 1960s, see [2]:-
By the late sixties Smale had moved into applications. He modelled physical processes by dynamical systems, opening new lines of inquiry. The n-body problem and electric circuit theory were among the applications that Smale framed in the language of dynamical systems. For much of the seventies Steve focused on economics, injecting topology and dynamics into the study of general economic equilibria. Having established the nature of equilibria, Smale began to think algorithms for their computation. While traditional approaches to the convergence theory of algorithms were local, Smale introduced a global perspective to the problems. Was the algorithm reasonably reliable, and how many iterations were to be expected? ...Smale's recent work has been on theoetical computer science. With co-workers L Blum and M Shub, he has developed a model of computation which includes both the Turing machine approach and the numerical methods of numerical analysis.
Smale has received many honours for his work. In addition to the Fields Medal described above, he was awarded the Veblen Prize for Geometry by the American Mathematical Society in 1966:-
... for his contributions to various aspects of differential topology.In 1996 Smale received the National Medal of Science ([2]) for:-
... four decades of pioneering work on basic research questions which have led to major advances in pure and applied mathematics.Smale's contribution is nicely summed up in [2]:-
Throughout his career Smale has approached mathematical problems with the scholarship to learn from others, the audacity to be unconstrained by conventional wisdom, and the power and vision to employ new methods and construct original frameworks. After the fact, a Smale development seems so natural, yet no one else thought of it.Smale has been awarded honorary degrees by the University of Warwick (1974), Queens University, Kingston, Ontario (1987), the University of Michigan (1996), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (1997), the City University of Hong Kong (1997), Rostov State University (1999), and the University of Genoa (2004). He has been made an honorary member of the Instituto de Matematica Pura e Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro (1990), Trinity Mathematical Society, Dublin (1991), Moscow Mathematical Society (1997) and the London Mathematical Society (1998).
In addition to the prizes mentioned above, Smale has been awarded the Chauvenet Prize by the Mathematical Association of America in 1988 for his paper On the Efficiency of Algorithms in Analysis. In the following year he was awarded the Von Neumann Award by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics who also presented him with their Jurgen Moser Prize in 2005. Then in 2007 he was honoured with the award of the Wolf Prize:-
... for his groundbreaking contributions that have played a fundamental role in shaping differential topology, dynamical systems, mathematical economics, and other subjects in mathematics.Finally we note that Smale continued as Distinguished University Professor at the City University of Hong Kong until 2001. He was appointed Professor at the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago in 2002. Then in 2009 he was again appointed Distinguished University Professor at the City University of Hong Kong.
Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson


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Humanities High Performance Computing Resource
What is "Humanities High-Performance Computing"?
The term "high performance computing" (HPC) is often used interchangeably with "supercomputing." It refers to very fast computers, capable of performing calculations many times faster than standard desktop machines. High Performance Computing is used mainly by scientific disciplines for processing huge amounts of data, data mining, and simulation. That is, using an enormous amount of data to simulate a physical object or series of events. For example, scientists use HPC to simulate hurricanes; the auto industry uses HPC to simulate car crashes; the military uses HPC to simulate explosions. Because of the enormous speed available with HPC, tasks can be done that normal desktop PCs could never tackle.
So what do we mean by "HHPC?" Humanities High-Performance Computing (HHPC) refers to the use of high-performance machines for humanities and social science projects. Currently, only a small number of humanities scholars are taking advantage of high-performance computing. But just as the sciences have, over time, begun to tap the enormous potential of HPC, the humanities are beginning to as well. Humanities scholars often deal with large sets of unstructured data. This might take the form of historical newspapers, books, election data, archaeological fragments, audio or video contents, or a host of others. HHPC offers the humanist opportunities to sort through, mine, and better understand and visualize this data.
News and Links
- April 22, 2008. The Chronicle of Higher Education. "A Supercomputer Takes Humanities Scholars Into the 21st Century."
- May 9, 2008. HPCWire. "High Performance Humanities."
- July 29, 2008. HPCWire. "The Next Big Thing in Humanities, Arts and Social Science Computing: Cultural Analytics."
- September 5, 2008. HPCWire. "I-CHASS Earns $250,000 NEH Grant."
- December 12, 2008. I-CHASS/NCSA. "Supercomputing resources available to Illinois humanities, arts, and social science researchers."
- December 22, 2008. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. "Humanities and High Performance Computers Connect at NERSC."
- December 31, 2008. Charlottesville Daily Progress. "UVa Scientists Marry Humanities, Technology."
- December 16, 2009. The Chronicle of Higher Education. "Give a Humanist a Supercomputer...."
- January 9, 2010. Calit2. "Supercomputing to Help UC San Diego Researchers Visualize Cultural Patterns."
Other Links
- Terras, Melissa. "The Potential and Problems in using High Performance Computing in the Arts and Humanities: the Researching e-Science Analysis of Census Holdings (ReACH) Project." Digital Humanities Quarterly (Fall 2009: v3 n4)
- January 14, 2010. Educause Podcast with the NEH's Brett Bobley "Humanities and Supercomputing."
- February 18, 2010. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. "A Computational Science Approach for Analyzing Culture."
DOE's NERSC for HHPC
The National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) is the flagship scientific computing facility for the Office of Science in the U.S. Department of Energy. As one of the largest facilities in the world devoted to providing computational resources and expertise for basic scientific research, NERSC is a world leader in accelerating scientific discovery through computation. NERSC is located at Berkeley Lab in Berkeley, California.
If you are interested in applying for an allocation of computing hours at NERSC, please check out Applying for your First NERSC Allocation.
NSF TeraGrid for HHPC
In order to encourage humanities scholars to take advantage of the computational and data storage capabilities of the nationwide TeraGrid network, the National Science Foundation (NSF) is making accounts available to the humanities research community.
TeraGrid is an open scientific discovery infrastructure combining leadership class resources at eleven partner sites to create an integrated, persistent computational resource.
Using high-performance network connections, the TeraGrid integrates high-performance computers, data resources and tools, and high-end experimental facilities around the country. Currently, TeraGrid resources include more than 800 teraflops of computing capability and more than 30 petabytes of online and archival data storage, with rapid access and retrieval over high-performance networks. Researchers can also access more than 100 discipline-specific databases. With this combination of resources, the TeraGrid is the world's largest, most comprehensive distributed cyberinfrastructure for open academic research.
To learn more about TeraGrid, we recommend reading the TeraGrid Getting Started Guide. New users may wish to apply for a DAC development account with up to 30,000 CPU hours. More experienced users can apply for larger accounts. For details, please see the TeraGrid Allocations and Accounts page. For information about training opportunities for how to take advantage of TeraGrid, check out the training tab on the TeraGrid Portal site. Want more information? Please contact Sergiu Sanielevici, the TeraGrid Area Director for User Services.
The NEH sends its thanks to the NSF for making these resources available for humanities research.
NEH's Start Up Grant Program Invites HHPC Projects
If you are in the basic research phase of an HHPC project but still need time to experiment and prepare for a future project, you may wish to consider a Level I Digital Humanities Start Up Grant. These Level I grants are small awards of up to $25,000 and can be used for early prototypes and experimentation for digital humanities projects. They are available both to institutional applicants and independent scholars. For more information, please consult the Start Up Grant guidelines.
Training Opportunities
TeraGrid User Portal -- The TeraGrid User Portal offers an overview of training opportunities at all eleven NSF-sponsored TeraGrid partner sites. You will find classes on many aspects of high performance computing, including many classes aimed at new users.
NERSC Training Site -- The Department of Energy's National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) offers a number of training classes on high performance computing.
NEH Workshop on HHPC
In July of 2007, NEH hosted a workshop on HHPC. We asked a number of leading scholars, computer scientists, and government agencies to spend a day with us in Washington to discuss the potential of HHPC. A report on this workshop is available now. In a nutshell, the group felt that there is a great deal of potential for HHPC, over the coming years, to be an important tool for some humanities scholarship. As a result, the NEH decided to publish this HHPC Resource Page to get more information about HHPC to the humanities community. We also hope to start a dialog with the scientific and computing community to see what collaborations might take place between scientists and humanists.
Over the coming months, NEH will be encouraging applications in the areas of HHPC as well as trying to promote training events to help humanities scholars and HPC experts learn more about one another and their projects.


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Randy Seaver's recent SNGFs over at Genea-Musings have had an eerie relevance to my genealogy research of late, particularly the listing of the 16 great-great grandparents, the ultimate genealogy goals, and now the census search for great-great grandparents.
Here are the guidelines for the Scavenger Hunt:
1) Is there someone on your list of 16-great-great-grandparents that you don't have a census record for, and for which one should be available? If you have all of your great-great-grands (or they are not on the census records), what about your great-grands, your grands, or your parents? What about siblings of your great-grands? What about your spouse's family lines? Go find at least one!
2) Tell us about it in your blog, comments to this post, or comments in Facebook. While you're at it, give us a source citation for your census finding too.
After spending my first year in genealogy, during which I just tried to establish what was "out there" on my family lines (though I did make a few new discoveries that I did not see elsewhere), I set out the method that I would use for genealogy research. It is recommended that a researcher stick with a particular family and not hop around from line to line, but I have adopted a generational approach: my parents and siblings, my grandparents and all their children and descendants, my great-grandparents with children and descendants, and so forth. I am now at the great-great grandparent level and am still more or less pursuing an "all known descendants approach"; for the ggg-grandparent level and beyond, I will only use that approach very selectively, although I will still research the siblings of my ancestors and their immediate families (useful for the "cluster" approach). I like the generational approach, because while I do end up "hopping" from family to family, the types of documents, resources, and information available tend to be similar due to the similar time frames.
I am also viewing my research at this point as the "first round" – I am doing the basics and a little more to get the main outlines of these families plus as many details as I can through online resources and resources for which I can send out (state archive and NARA materials, obituaries, books through library loan or at the Library of Congress, microfilm through the Family History Center, etc.). It's not that I don't plan on doing any onsite research, it's just that onsite research probably has to wait until my daughters are both in college and my husband and I have the time and means to take these trips. By that time I hope to be equipped with as much information as I can obtain by other means so that I can devote all my "field" time to finding what I would not be able to find otherwise.
One of the first things I do for each new family in this "first round" of research is to look them up in the census, so I already have that information on most of my great-great-grandparents. I am now on my next-to-last set of great-great-grandparents, Joseph Madison Carroll Norman and Rebecca Monk (not counting the Smiths, because I do not know who they are). The only remaining family is that of Hiram Brinlee Sr. and Betsy Ann McKinney, so I will look them up in the census today to see what I can find. In addition, after I do that, I will take stock of which censuses are missing for my various great-great-grandparents and great-grandparents, give it another try, and list the results. I will also list the gaps that remain, and if any kind soul out there wants to take a stab at those, I will crown you King or Queen of Census Research.
Hiram Carroll Brinlee Sr. and Elizabeth Ann "Betsy" McKinney in the US Federal Census
1850 US Federal Census, Collin County, Texas, pp. 4-5 of 44, 13 Nov 1850
Line 39 28 28
Hiram Brindlee 45 M Farmer $1836 Tennessee
E. A. Brindlee 37 F KY Over 20 cannot read or write
M. L. Brindlee 16 F TX Attended school
R. M. Brindlee 14 M TX Attended school
Geo. R. Brindlee 12 M TX Attended school
Sarah E. Brindlee 10 F TX Attended school
H.C. Brindlee 8 M TX Attended school
Davis F. Brindlee 6 M TX
[Source: 1850 United States Federal Census, Texas, Collin County, Hiram Brindlee family, dwelling number 28, family number 28, viewed 23 August 2009.]
1860 US Federal Census, Precinct No. 2 – Highland P.O., Collin County, Texas, 26 July 1860, p. 155
Line 9 972 1023
Hiram Brinley 52 M Farmer $10,000 $8000 KY
Betsy A. Brinley 45 F KY
George R. Brinley 20 M Farmer TX Attended school
Sarah B. Brinley 18 F TX Attended school
Hiram C. 16 M TX Attended school
David C. 12 M TX Attended school
William H. 10 M TX
[Source: 1860 United States Federal Census, Texas, Collin County, Precinct No. 2 – Highland P.O., p. 155, Hiram Brinley family, dwelling number 972, family number 1023, NARA roll M653_1291, page 46, image 97, Ancestry.com online database, viewed 23 August 2009.]
1870 US Federal Census, Precinct No. 3 – Highland P.O., Collin County, Texas, p. 2, 25 July 1870
Line 2 6 6
Brinlee, Hiram 63 M W Farmer $4500 $1500 KY Male US citizen over 21
Brinlee, Ann 57 F W Keeping house KY Cannot write
[Source: 1870 United States Federal Census, Texas, Collin County, Precinct No. 3 – Highland P.O., p. 2, 25 July 1870, NARA Roll M593_1579, page 417, image 227, Ancestry.com online database, viewed 23 August 2009.]
1880 US Federal Census, Justice Precinct No. 3, Collin County, Texas, p. 7, 3 June 1880
Line 42 44 53
Brinlee, S. H. W M 72 Married Farmer KY VA VA
Brinlee, Betsy A. W F 67 Wife Married Keeping house KY VA VA
[Source: 1880 United States Federal Census, Texas, Collin County Justice Precinct 3, p. 7, 3 June 1880, NARA Roll T9_1296, Ancestry.com online database, viewed 23 August 2009.]
Great-grandparents and great-great grandparents still missing in action on some censuses (did not have time today to "give it another try," but will attempt to do so this week and report the results):
Great-grandmother Susan Elizabeth Smith (Bonner Brinlee): all censuses from 1870 through 1900 – she should have appeared with husband Hiram C. Brinlee, Jr. on the 1900 census in Britton Township, Oklahoma County, Oklahoma Territory; I have not been able to find her listed separately and believe that Hiram may have just not provided any information other than whoever was outside working at the time (himself, his youngest son by his first wife, and a hired hand). I have not found her before 1900 because I do not know who her parents were.
Great-grandparents William Henry "Jack" Norman and Sara Jane Sisson (Norman) – 1910 and 1920 censuses; on the 1900 census they were in Grayson County, Texas and on the 1930 census they were in Fannin County, Texas.
Great-grandmother Angeline Elizabeth Matlock (Floyd) on the 1870 census – she should be shown with her husband Charles Augustus Floyd because they married in 1867; however, Charles is listed as living in the household of Angeline's sister Martha and Martha's husband Emory Gracy. Angeline is not listed in her parents' household for that census.
And Randy, an extra big thanks to you – you have inspired me to formulate and put down in writing an outline of my research strategy for the coming years!
Sunday, August 23, 2009
Saturday Night Genealogy Fun: Great-Greats in the Census
2 comments:
I wish you the best of luck in your census searches for your missing greats! I found this research tool you might like for differences in surnames to help you in your wildcard search:ReplyDelete
Put in your name (like "NORMAN") and see what happens. Good luck!
Thanks, Patti - That's a cool tool; I bookmarked it. I don't think I'll be able to find Lizzie or Angeline, but I still have hopes for the Normans; they just have to be on at least one of those two censuses.ReplyDelete
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through New Orleans. Did you know that over 80% of the schools - and their
libraries - were damaged and have yet to be fully restored? The stats are
shocking - there is only one book for every 300 students. Well, rapper and
actor Ludacris is taking a stand and wants to restock those book shelves and
get the students of New Orleans reading again. He's teamed up with
DoSomething.org and Better World Books as the spokesperson for the Epic
Book Drive. Head to EpicBookDrive.com to learn how to start your own book drive
in your community and help the cause. If you need more inspiration - check out
Ludacris in a hilarious Epic Book Drive PSA.
Will you start a book drive in your hometown? Tell us
about it in the comments section below!


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Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory condition. It involves the connective tissue in the body. The most severe complication is rheumatic heart disease. This condition may permanently damage the heart valves. Valves control the flow of blood to and from the heart.
Rheumatic fever is caused by a specific bacteria that causes strep throat . In this case, the body uses antibodies to fight the infection, but the antibodies also attack the heart.
Risk Factors
Rheumatic fever is more common in children and adolescents aged 5-15 years. Other factors that may increase your chances of rheumatic fever include:
- Having strep throat
- Prior case of rheumatic fever
Symptoms usually appear 2 to 4 weeks after a strep infection. They may include:
- Pain and swelling in large joints
- Fever
- Weakness
- Muscle aches
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Hacking cough
- Circular rash
- Lumps under the skin
- Abnormal, sudden movements of arms and legs
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. This will include a careful exam of your heart.
Other tests may include:
Samples may be taken of your bodily fluids and tissues. This can be done with:
- Blood tests
- Throat culture
- You may need to have pictures taken of your heart. This can be done with:
- You may need to have your heart activity measured. This can be done with an ECG .
The goals of treatment are to:
- Kill the strep bacteria
- Treat the inflammation caused by the rheumatic fever
- Treat any cardiac problems
- Prevent future cases of rheumatic fever
Antiobiotics are used to treat the strep infection. They may be given by mouth or injection.
To help with joint pain and swelling:
- Aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)—only if advised by your doctor
- Corticosteroids may be used if NSAIDs are not effective or if there is inflammation of the heart
Note : Aspirin can cause serious complications in some children with certain infections. It is best to avoid aspirin or aspirin products for children with infections.
In some cases, the inflammation can be severe. You may have to rest for a period of time.
It is important to treat strep throat with antibiotics right away. This will help prevent rheumatic fever. If you or your child has a sore throat and a fever that lasts more than 24 hours, contact your doctor.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: David L. Horn, MD, FACP
- Review Date: 09/2018 -
- Update Date: 09/30/2013 -


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Message Board
Flo Fitzpatrick Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Fitzpatrick has written!
Author Fitzpatrick's Book Reviews
Ghost of a Chance
Zebra, Aug 2004 ISBN: 0821777505 After nine months of touring, Kiely Devlin looks forward to R&R in her Manhattan apartment when her worst nightmare her best friend director Lida Rose Worthington informs her Kiely that her plane ticket awaits her at LaGuardia to take her to Dallas. LR expects Kiely to perform in a remake of the classic �Bad Business on the Brazos�, a hundredth anniversary gala event. Kiely almost agrees until LR mentions �perfe...


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Latest media releases
UBS consumption indicator: Consumer climate remains positive
The UBS consumption indicator rose slightly in May due to improved sentiment in the retail sector.
Zurich/Basel, 26 June 2013 – In May, the UBS consumption indicator rose slightly month-on-month to 1.46 from 1.43 (previously revised from 1.46). Nevertheless, the positive trend in retail sales was offset to some extent by the poor figures for new car registrations.
Sentiment in retail trade brightened considerable in May. The KOF barometer of business conditions in the retail industry, one of the five sub-indicators in the UBS consumption indicator, jumped to 1.0 from –10.5, cancelling the losses of the last two months. With this, the consumption indicator only just nudges into positive territory; in other words, there are still almost as many pessimists among retailers as optimists. Over the past three years, the strong franc and shopping tourism caused additional price pressure in the retail sector, resulting in a fall in prices of 7.2%. In the first months of this year, however, retail prices have barely fallen any further. In addition, sales in April rose sharply, with a nominal increase of 1.6% compared to the same month last year. This could be a sign that the effect of franc appreciation is gradually weakening. It also raises the hope that retail sales will at least stabilize and the pressure on margins will decline somewhat.
In contrast, new car registration figures in May were poor. While the number of new car registrations in April was only 1.5% lower than the figure for the same month in the previous year, the drop in May was much greater at 7.4%.
Caesar Lack, UBS CIO Wealth Management Research
Tel. +41-44-234 44 13, email@example.com
Bernd Aumann, UBS CIO Wealth Management Research
Tel. +41-44-234 88 71, firstname.lastname@example.com
UBS publications and forecasts for Switzerland: www.ubs.com/wmr-swiss-research


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Lima, Peru, July 28, 2011 - Peru beat United States 3-2 (21-25, 25-19, 22-25, 25-20, 15-9) Thursday evening to conclude the second round of the FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship at Eduardo Dibos Gymnasium in Lima. This was the first match that reached five sets in Eduardo Dibos Gymnasium during the event, and was a special win for Peru as today was the Peruvian´s Independence day.
United States classified to the gold-medal semifinal because they needed just one set to advance out of Pool E. The Americans ended Pool E with a 1-2 record as did Peru and Dominican Republic, but captured four pool points to Domincian Republic's three points and Peru's two points. Peru will compete in the 5-8 classification semifinal.
Grecia Herrada was Peru's top scorer with 18 points, next to Brenda Uribe, Vivian Baella and Clarivett Yllescas with 14 points each. United states' top scorer was Haley Eckerman with 24 points in the match, next to Carly Wopat with 19 points and Madelyn Hutson with 16 points.
Live scoring, results, news and photos on FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship Peru 2011.
The beginning of the first set was tight. Both teams were playing hard until the first technical time out that came to 8-7 in favor of Peru thanks to Lisset Sosa´s spike. However, Peru's dig decreased in level and United States started to improve their spike (17 points in the set). The Americans reached the advantage of three points and Peru coach Natalia Malaga asked for the first time out. The Peru technique seemed to not work, because the second technical time out was for USA with 3 points of difference. Peru tried to take the set back, but Unitd States' dig was stronger (three in the set). Peru got closer to the final to the 21th point thanks to Grecia Herrada´s spike (4 points in the set). However, Peru's reception was defeated and the set ended 25-21 in 25 minutes.
The second set started tight again. Peru's spike was good, but the block was poor. Peru held a 6-4 lead, but United States' spike defeated Peru´s block. USA was ahead 8-7 at the first technical time out. However, United States started to commit too many mistakes as Lauren Plum´s bad pass put Peru ahead by one point. Peru scored five straight points thanks to their block and reception (four at the set). United States played harder and left Peru behind for six points, but Peru's spike kept harder. Clarivett Yllescas scored her seventh point in the match and the 24th for Peru in the set. The set was defined thanks to Brenda Uribe´s spike (five points in the set) to 19-25 in 25 minutes, too.
At the third set, United States started with the score in its favor (4-2). However, Peru´s spike got harder and they reached the first technical time out leading 8-6. Then, United States' spike became stronger than before (11 in the set), and they scored five straight points. The second technical time came to 16-14 because of Vivian Baella´s reception error. After this, Peru's block started to fail and United States took advantage of it, and they got closer to 24-22. The set ended 25-22 in 26 minutes because of Ginna Lopez´s reception error.
The fourth set had a good beginning for Peru. The Peru block was strong and they were ahead by two points. The first technical time out came to 8-5 for Peru, thanks to Yllescas´ spike (five points in set). Peru's reception problems put United States to within one point. Peru's reception mistakes allowed United States to tie the score at 13. However, Uribe´s spike (three points in the set) put the score in one-point difference, and the Americans' reception problem put Peru ahead by two points at the second technical time out. United States got closer to Peru for three points because of Peru's reception problems. However, the South Americans scored three points in a row and defined the set to 20-25 in 28 minutes.
The fifth set was an amazing thing to watch. Peru started with a hard spike and tried to never lose the ball. United States' block was not strong enough and Peru reached a 9-4 lead. When USA was at six points behind, American coach Robert Browning asked for the first time out. The set continued and after lots of nerves and yells, Peru got their 15th point thanks to Lisset Sosa´s spike and the set ended to 8-15 in 15 minutes.
01.08.2011 08:08:45
Bosetti named MVP of FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship Peru 2011
Lima, Peru, July 31, 2011 – Italy's Caterina Bosetti was named the FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship Peru 2011 Most Valuable Player as... More...
01.08.2011 05:19:09
FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship Peru 2011 concludes with historic final day
Lima, Peru, July 31, 2011 – Italy captured the FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship Peru 2011 gold medal Sunday evening with a 21-25, 25-... More...
01.08.2011 04:27:49
A perfect match in defeating Brazil, says Italy coach Mencarelli
Lima, Peru, July 31, 2011 - Italy claimed their first-ever FIVB Women's Junior World Championship with a 21-25, 25-13, 25-20, 25-22 victory over Brazi... More...
01.08.2011 04:00:21
Italy claims gold medal after win against Brazil
01.08.2011 02:21:59
We worked hard to be here, says Dominican Republic captain Gabriela Reyes
01.08.2011 01:46:23
Dominican Republic finishes in fifth place after defeating Peru
01.08.2011 01:09:30
Concentration secret behind the victory Polish coach Kosatka Grzegorz said
31.07.2011 23:59:08
We are tired, but happy with the bronze medal, says China coach Xu
31.07.2011 23:48:20
Poland ninth after victory against Russia
31.07.2011 23:23:20
China earns bronze medal after defeating the United States
31.07.2011 21:59:15
Old style Volleyball of Japan secret behind the victory against Cuba
31.07.2011 21:46:43
Female referees presence in FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship Peru 2011
31.07.2011 21:42:59
Today was different for our attack, says Slovakia coach Rojko
31.07.2011 21:34:22
Slovakia finishes seventh with four-set win over Belgium
31.07.2011 21:07:44
Japan defeat Cuba in three straight sets to finish 11th
31.07.2011 20:11:23
Team work behind the victory Serbia coach Pavlicevic Ratko said
31.07.2011 19:21:41
Serbia's height defeats Korea in 13th place playoff
31.07.2011 18:30:46
We are really happy for this victory said coach Mohamed Ahmed of Egypt
31.07.2011 18:21:50
Egypt took revenge over Tunisia for the 15th place and earned their first victory
31.07.2011 15:03:48
Gold-medal match of Italy versus Brazil a rematch in the FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship Peru 2011
31.07.2011 07:48:37
Brazil, Italy win semifinal matches in FIVB Women's Junior World Championship
31.07.2011 05:38:00
We are concentrated for tomorrow match's for fifth place, says Peru captain Yllescas
31.07.2011 05:31:45
Peru thrills home crowd with 3-1 win over Belgium
31.07.2011 04:44:08
FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship - Picture of the Day (7)
31.07.2011 03:44:55
Four years experience has built a strong team feeling, says Brazil coach de Moura
31.07.2011 03:18:00
Brazil advances to gold medal match after exciting five-set victory over United States
31.07.2011 00:30:40
We are very happy, said Russia captain Alina Yaroshik
31.07.2011 00:14:07
Italy was united in win, says Italy's Baggi
31.07.2011 00:08:56
Italy book ticket to FIVB Women's Junior World Championship gold-medal match
31.07.2011 00:00:36
Russia will compete against Poland for ninth place after defeating Japan in Callao
30.07.2011 22:57:20
Seifu Tadesse proud to represent Ethiopa and Africa on referee stand
30.07.2011 22:39:28
We focused on winning today despite errors, says Dominican Repubic captain Reyes
30.07.2011 22:31:31
Dominican Republic notch win over Slovakia to advance to fifth-place match
30.07.2011 22:30:20
We will fight for the ninth place tomorrow, said Poland coach Grzegorz Kosatka
30.07.2011 21:43:03
Poland will compete for ninth place after win against Cuba in Callao
30.07.2011 19:55:11
Korean coach Gi-Ju Park glad over victory against Egypt
30.07.2011 19:10:41
Korea will play for 13th place after dominating Egypt
30.07.2011 18:05:59
Lack of reception of Tunisia the cause of losing
30.07.2011 17:07:43
Serbia quickly defeats Tunisia in the first match in Callao
30.07.2011 06:52:12
Italy's Diouf and Bertone a tall order for FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship Peru 2011
30.07.2011 06:26:26
FIVB Women's Junior World Championship reaches semifinal round with gold two wins away
29.07.2011 07:12:51
Brazil, China, Italy and United States earn spots into gold-medal semifinal round
29.07.2011 06:42:49
Team tonight was different than previous two matches, says Peru coach Malaga
29.07.2011 05:52:02
Belgium coach Van de Vyver thanks the Trujillo crowd
29.07.2011 05:32:46
Belgium wins over Slovakia in the last match of the second round in Trujillo
29.07.2011 04:47:46
FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship - Picture of the Day (6)
29.07.2011 03:43:23
Big step forward, says Italy coach Mencarelli
29.07.2011 03:36:52
Italy claim Pool E top seed with win over Dominican Republic
29.07.2011 03:27:15
China our hardest opponents so far, de Moura of Brazil said at the press conference
29.07.2011 02:53:17
Brazil wins Pool F after beating China in three straight sets in Trujillo
28.07.2011 21:01:54
Players extremely tired, Poland coach Grzegorz Kosatka explained
28.07.2011 20:39:37
Poland defeats Egypt in Trujillo to finish tied for second in Pool H
28.07.2011 20:21:28
Happy for winning after a long time, says Korea captain Lee
28.07.2011 20:17:14
Korea pick up momentum into classification semifinals with win over Tunisia
28.07.2011 19:05:47
This was our best game in tournament, said coach of Serbia, after five sets against Russia
28.07.2011 18:46:52
Russia wins Pool H by defeating Serbia in Trujillo
28.07.2011 18:31:17
FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship - Picture of the Day (5)
28.07.2011 18:22:29
Cuba had a new mood for the match, says Cuba coach Robinson
28.07.2011 18:17:57
Cuba finish Pool G undefeated with 3-0 win over Japan
28.07.2011 16:44:47
Reeves inspired by Olympic mother to play volleyball
28.07.2011 06:03:12
China, Brazil earn spots into gold-medal semifinals of FIVB Women's Junior World Championship
28.07.2011 05:28:07
Match won on the court and not outside, says Dominican Republic captain Reyes
28.07.2011 05:23:33
Dominican Republic bounce back for sweep of Peru in Pool E
28.07.2011 05:02:43
Slovakia is a very good team and we study them well, said Brazil coach de Moura
28.07.2011 04:40:08
Brazil eyes first place in Pool F after win over Slovakia in Trujillo
28.07.2011 03:47:37
Was not a beautiful match but fortunate to win, says Italy coach Mencarelli
28.07.2011 03:40:09
Italy takes the lead in Pool E with win over United States
28.07.2011 03:13:12
"We knew it would be a challenge to overcome Belgium", said China captain Long Cheng
28.07.2011 02:44:05
Team effort propels China over Belgium in the second round in Trujillo
28.07.2011 02:36:05
Tunisia using FIVB Women's Junior World Championship in training to be better
27.07.2011 20:12:05
"We'll get better as the days go by" , said Egypts Mohamed Ahmed despite the loss
27.07.2011 20:11:09
Cuba's height caused us problems, Tunisia captain Boughanmi says
27.07.2011 20:05:14
Cuba's power derail Tunisia to go 2-0 in Pool G
27.07.2011 19:49:24
Serbia in second place in Pool H with win over Egypt in second round in Trujillo
27.07.2011 19:03:33
Kosatka: Russia played better than us
27.07.2011 18:21:17
Good reception and block won the match, says Japan captain Horikawa
27.07.2011 18:16:34
Japan produce second win in Pool G, defeat Korea 3-0
27.07.2011 17:53:57
Russia sweeps Poland in second round in Trujillo
27.07.2011 09:37:51
Pivotal Second Day of Second Round Upcoming at FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship Peru 2011
27.07.2011 08:46:40
FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship - Picture of the Day (4)
27.07.2011 08:00:12
United States, Italy, Brazil, China Earn Second Round Wins
27.07.2011 05:58:24
We kept our concentration, says Italy captain Scarabelli
27.07.2011 05:53:05
Italy goes into win column to start second round at FIVB Women's Junior World Championship
27.07.2011 05:52:18
Most difficult match we had so far, said China coach Xu Jiande
27.07.2011 05:30:51
China overcomes eight-point deficit in final set to defeat Slovakia
27.07.2011 05:06:30
United States earn key second round opening win over Dominican Republic
27.07.2011 04:08:00
Every team in Pool E is good, says United States coach Browning
27.07.2011 03:29:28
Brazil's strategy was to stop Belgium's top scorer Lise Van Hecke - de Moura
27.07.2011 02:54:28
Top-ranked Brazil earns victory in Trujillo over Belgium
26.07.2011 21:22:48
Pavlicevic: We lost focus
26.07.2011 20:41:08
Poland holds off a late rally by Serbia in Trujillo
26.07.2011 20:22:13
Rest was key in Japan victory, says captain and coach
26.07.2011 20:12:31
Japan too much for Tunisia in second round opener in Peru
26.07.2011 18:45:27
Now a challenge to be leader of Pool to reach 9 position, says Cuba coach Robinson
26.07.2011 18:39:35
Cuba over Korea to start second round Pool G with win
26.07.2011 18:37:39
"Experience is the most important thing", Egypt coach, Mohamed Ahmed said
26.07.2011 17:42:09
Russia quickly defeats Egypt in Trujillo
26.07.2011 05:51:48
Preview for FIVB Women's Junior World Championship second round start in Peru
26.07.2011 02:39:18
Brazil and China headline top eight field in Peru
25.07.2011 08:38:30
FIVB Volleyball Women's Junior World Championship - Picture of the Day (3)


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Suffolk Downs defeated in E. Boston; will explore Revere-only project
In one swift blow, East Boston voters dashed casino dreams years in the making Tuesday, defeating a $1 billion Suffolk Downs gambling resort proposal once widely considered a lock to win the state's most lucrative gambling license.
With the project winning a majority of support in Revere, however, Suffolk Downs will explore moving the entire development onto the Revere side of the city line, Chip Tuttle, the track's chief operating officer, told the Globe.
It was a difficult day across the state for supporters of Massachusetts' emerging casino industry, as another well-established casino proposal fell in Palmer, where voters rejected a nearly $1 billion Mohegan Sun plan.
The twin defeats for the gambling industry come as casino executives and insiders have questioned the scrutiny Massachusetts regulators have put on the state's applicants, and after one of the industry's biggest companies dropped out of the Suffolk Downs project over questions about another business relationship.
In East Boston, voters proved to be unmoved by big promises, pro-casino endorsements from powerful politicians — including Mayor Thomas M. Menino — and nearly $2 million in campaign spending by Suffolk Downs.
Krysten Hunt, 24, summed up the anti-casino position, saying she did not want more potential traffic, pollution, crime, or gambling addiction in her neighborhood. "All that stuff? No, thanks,'' she said. "It's fine the way it is.''
The ballot box failure leaves the future of New England's last thoroughbred racetrack in grave doubt. The 78-year-old track has been losing money for years, as its owners have pumped in cash to keep Suffolk Downs afloat in anticipation of adding a profitable casino.
"Voters . . . struck a decisive blow to the casino culture, a clear signal that the Commonwealth believes there are better economic options than casinos and slot barns,'' John Ribeiro, chairman of the Repeal the Casino Deal campaign, said in a statement Tuesday night.
The casino proposal fell in East Boston by a vote of 4,281 to 3,353. Neighborhood voter turnout was about 47 percent, according to unofficial results.
Menino, who supported the Suffolk Downs project and signed a deal with the developers that would have provided at least $32 million annually to the city, believes the political system has worked.
"The mayor always said the people of East Boston should decide what happens in their neighborhood — and they did,'' said Menino's spokeswoman, Dot Joyce.
It is unclear whether Suffolk Downs can create a viable Revere-only plan before final proposals are due, on Dec. 31, but Revere's mayor, Dan Rizzo, invited the track to try. "Fifty-three acres of the property are in Revere,'' Rizzo told the Globe. "If there is a way to reshape the project so it fits entirely in Revere, we're going to pursue it.''
Celeste Myers, a leader of the Suffolk Downs opposition group, No Eastie Casino, said she was not expecting such a resounding victory. "This is East Boston — folks are protecting their lives, livelihoods and homes,'' she said in an interview. "These people can't be bought.''
Myers said the group will oppose any 11th-hour effort to try to move the project. Public officials, she said, "need to take no for an answer.''
The casino proposal was widely expected to pass in Revere. But public opinion across Boston has long been divided on permitting a Suffolk Downs casino, and recent polls of East Boston voters also reflected a deep split in the neighborhood.
Suffolk Downs was probably hurt by a public relations blow three weeks before the vote, when the track dropped its hand-picked casino operator, Caesars Entertainment, after state investigators recommended that the gambling giant be disqualified from bidding for a casino license. Investigators raised several concerns, such as the company's enormous debt and its licensing agreement with a New York boutique hotel company owned in part by a businessman allegedly linked to Russian mobsters.
If Suffolk Downs cannot go on, only two proposals will be left standing in the contest for the Greater Boston license: a Wynn Resorts plan for the Mystic River waterfront in Everett and a Foxwoods project in suburban Milford.
Wynn won a referendum in June; Milford votes Nov. 19.
In Western Massachusetts, just one project remains — an MGM proposal in downtown Springfield. MGM won a referendum in July; it has not yet passed its state background check.
Palmer defeated the Mohegan Sun proposal, despite the company's five years of ground work there, by a vote of 2,657 to 2,564 with a staggering 66 percent turnout.
Mohegan Sun chief executive Mitchell Etess noted in a statement that "the results . . . are extremely close — less than 100 votes. And the incredibly strong turnout is indicative of how engaged people on both sides of the issue have become.''
Etess said the company will ask for a recount.
Springfield political strategist Anthony Cignoli said Palmer has seen an influx of residents in the past seven years or so. They moved there for a rural lifestyle, he said, and apparently voted to keep it that way.


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A reader writes that he sent a friend from Venezuela (who moved to Germany to get away) Steve's post on socialism in Venezuela. He replied: "Here is proof!….Coffee sold in Venezuela now comes from Russia…Cue Yakov Smirnoff."
UPDATE: I've asked our reader to let us know where the photo was taken. I will update this post and restore the photograph when he responds if we are able to verify the location. In the meantime, I'm taking the liberty of removing it.


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- BA FlexFit Hat
- Color: Black
- Sizes: SM/MD or LG/XL
Additional Info
|Controlled Item
Shipping and Returns
Free Shipping
It is our goal to ship all orders within 3-5 business days after the order is placed. However, due to seasonal demand and/or market fluctuation, shipping times may vary. Items will be delivered via the delivery method chosen at the time of purchase. If for some reason an item is not available, we will contact you directly as soon as possible to make arrangements for future delivery or provide you the option to receive a refund or credit on the item.
Priority Mail
Is the scheduled delivery day guaranteed? Priority Mail remains a non-guaranteed service.
If for any reason you have a warranty issue with one of our products, please visit Contact. Describe your situation, take some detailed photographs, and include your name and order number or transaction id. One of our technical specialists will then review your claim and contact you within 3-5 business days. For any returns other than warranty issues, a 10% restocking fee applies. All claims regarding cosmetically blemished or damaged items need to be submitted to Contact for review within 72 hours upon receiving the shipment.
Accuracy Guarantee
Guaranteed to Perform
We are committed to providing products that meet, or exceed, the expectations of our most discerning customers. We stand behind that commitment. From the moment you unwrap one of our barrels, as you configure it with your receivers and handguards, and as you fire it on the range or in the field, we want you to experience the unique elegance and uncompromising quality that we craft into every one of our barrels.
We also stand behind our commitment to performance. All Ballistic Advantage barrels are guaranteed to give sub Minute of Angle (MOA) accuracy with match grade ammunition.1
If you are not completely satisfied with the form, finish, and fit of any of our barrels, please visit Contact to discuss your concerns. If you find your BA barrel is not performing at the high standard of sub MOA accuracy, please first consult our Troubleshooting Guide on our website. If you need further assistance please visit Contact. Usually, our armorers are able to resolve any issues over the phone. If the issues are not resolved we will ask that the barrel be sent to us for inspection.2 We will either correct the problem or replace the barrel, or if the customer prefers, we will reimburse the purchase price of the barrel.
1 We define sub MOA as a group size of 1 inch or under at 100 yards with a 3 shot magazine fed group, or 5 shot single loaded group.
2 The customer is responsible for the initial return shipping costs of the barrel. If any defects are found, BA will reimburse the shipping costs and either replace or refund the original purchase price of the barrel.


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The Carolinas Golf Association has many facets and functions. It serves North and South Carolina golfers and is the largest of its kind in the United States.
The CGA headquarters is in Southern Pines. With a handful of employees and a vast number of volunteers, they perform the prodigious task of centralizing golf services and information for the two states.
These are the main tasks the CGA performs:
1. Agronomy: Providing the services of a full-time agronomist to member clubs.
I love golf and everything that goes with it: the outdoors, beautiful scenery, the camaraderie, the 19th hole — and best of all, a chance to play a sport my whole life.
Can you imagine playing football at the age of 60? Baseball at 80? Hockey at 75? Even tennis becomes dicey as we age, but golf goes on and on. Check out the numbers of Brunswick County golfers who shoot their age regularly. It's huge.
One thing that hurts the game of golf everywhere today is slow play
Golf is a sport that has lots of stuff associated with it.
First of all, there's the course: 5 miles of hills and valleys, greens and fairways and bunkers — and in Brunswick County, creeks, lakes and salt marshes.
Then there are the clubs and the specialized clothing (most courses require collared shirts), gloves, balls and tees; windbreakers and rainsuits for inclement weather and we all need to have a golf umbrella unless we live in the desert; shoes, golf socks.
Carolina Shores is one of the oldest golf courses in Brunswick County. Designed by Tom Jackson, it opened in 1974. A prolific designer, Jackson also did Aberdeen and Black Bear in Longs, S.C., River Hills in Little River, S.C., and Magnolia Greens in Leland.
Lots of great things are happening in Brunswick County Golf. Rivers Edge installed new greens this past summer; Lockwood Folly is building a new clubhouse that will open next year. Sandpiper Bay, Carolina Shores and other courses are renovating.
And that's not all. A new course, Compass Pointe, will open next spring in Leland.
After an exhaustive search and many interviews, The First Tee of Brunswick County has hired a new executive director: Don Hall.
Hall brings a wealth of experience to the organization. He is a graduate of Western Washington University in Bellingham, Wash., with a major in education and a minor in human services.
His father was in the Air Force, and while growing up, Hall lived all over the United States and the world, including Bangkok, Thailand.
On a crisp, clear November weekend, club champions from around the county faced off in the annual Brunswick Beacon Tournament of Champions on Saturday, Nov. 14, and Sunday, Nov. 15, at Lockwood Folly Golf Course.
Jayla Rogers of Magnolia Greens won the women's division by one stroke over defending champion Billie Ellwanger when Rogers holed a 25-foot putt on the last hole.
Tucker Pacula of Oak Island Golf Club won the men's division in a playoff against Dave Lucas (Brierwood).
Women's division:
The 2015 men's golf club champions are an awesome group. For some, this is their first club championship; others have won many such events, both here and in other states. Some are relatively new to the game of golf; others are seasoned competitors.
Mike Verhoosky of Lockwood Folly has won his championship seven times in nine years. Peter Allen of St. James is a four-time champion and so is Tom Oxenfeld of Ocean Ridge. Mike Depauw has won the Sea Trail championship four times — and this year he also won at Carolina Shores.
This was a banner year for our women's golf club champions. Nine of our ladies repeated their victory from last year. Some have won it several times before. Mona Dye Boob from Brierwood has won its women's club championship an astonishing 10 years in a row.
We also have some new winners this year. Lyn Howell (Brick Landing), Jayla Rogers (Magnolia Greens), Judy Harlow (Ocean Ridge) and Carol Davies Lilly (St. James) are Brunswick County Club Champions for the first time. Rogers is 14 and is a First Tee of Brunswick County golfer.
One of the best things about writing this column is the chance I get to meet some of the greatest people in the world. Not presidents or politicians, wealthy industrialists, movie stars or rock stars, mind you, but the wonderful salt-of-the-earth people that make this country great.
One of these guys is Leo Jarmusz, who just turned 96, plays golf three times a week and has shot his age more times than he can count.
I spent time with Jarmusz last week and let me tell you, he is the real deal.
Copyright © 2019
The Brunswick Beacon is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Brunswick County, North Carolina and surrounding areas.


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Genealogy friends are wonderful people. Don't you agree? Tell us about a genealogy friend in your life. How did you meet? Do you share any common ancestors or research interests?
Genealogy friends… I have met so many!
Rather than single out just one person, I'd rather offer my praises to the online genealogy community: those wonderful researchers and webmasters who maintain blogs and websites dedicated to family history research.
I have conversed with many online, in one fashion or another, and all have been friendly, open and willing to share of themselves. There is a wealth of genealogy knowledge and experience out there in cyberland. All you need to do to get help is: ASK!
52 Weeks of Abundant Genealogy by Amy Coffin is a series of weekly blogging prompts (one for each week of 2012) that invite genealogists and others to discuss resources in the genealogy community including websites, applications, libraries, archives, genealogical societies and more. You do not have to be a blogger to participate. If you do not have a genealogy blog, write down your thoughts on your computer, or simply record them on paper and keep them with your files.


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- Premier League
Winning isn't everything, says Arsenal official Fox
An Arsenal official has insisted that the club's seven-year wait for a trophy has not harmed their reputation because the Gunners are "defined by more than winning".
The club's chief commercial officer Tom Fox believes that the recent renewal of Arsenal's sponsorship deal with Emirates - worth £150 million - is proof the club's brand remains strong despite their failure to challenge for top honours in recent years.
Arsenal, who last claimed major silverware in the 2005 FA Cup final, are currently 10th in the Premier League table having lost four and won just five of their 15 games in the competition so far this season. The Gunners were booed off at the weekend after losing 2-0 at home to Swansea City.
Fox, however, claimed that being competitive on the pitch was not the only measure of success. "Arsenal Football Club is not only about winning," he said. "We have a large and engaged fan-base around the world who want to feel as if they belong to the club, and want to feel proud to belong to the club. That's my primary business."
Arsenal have seen a succession of top players leave the club in order to win trophies elsewhere, with Robin van Persie's summer move to Manchester United the most recent example, but Fox said that the club's track record of producing young talent and their world-class Emirates Stadium should be sources of pride for the fans.
"Obviously nothing instills pride in our fan-base more than winning, but there's many things we do that make our fans feel proud," he was quoted as saying by UAE-based website Sport 360. "Developing young talent and finding those players in the marketplace make our fans feel proud.
"Whether it's Serge Gnabry, who is a 17-year-old player in our reserve squad, whether it's Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, whether it's Theo Walcott, we look at these young players and have faith in our manager to develop them as the players for the future.
"And the fans come to a stadium that the club built really at a time 10 years ago when the board decided to build that stadium.
"Everything was going our way, it was Manchester United and Arsenal. But we made a very bold decision and we built that stadium on time and on budget - that makes our fans very proud.
"When they see that we can attract - even though we haven't won a trophy in seven years - one of the top global brands in the world for the type of money and financial commitment they're making, that makes our fans feel proud.
"So our brand is defined by more than winning."
Fox's comments come after Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger told the club's Annual General Meeting in October that finishing fourth in the league - and thereby qualifying for the Champions League - was in itself the equivalent of winning a trophy.


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South African Journal of Science
versão On-line ISSN 1996-7489
versão impressa ISSN 0038-2353
S. Afr. j. sci. vol.104 no.7-8 Pretoria Set./Ago. 2008
Dasineura rubiformis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a new biological control agent for Acacia mearnsii in South Africa
F.A.C. ImpsonI, II, *; C.A. KleinjanII; J.H. HoffmannII; J.A. PostI
IPlant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
IIZoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
Acecidomyiid midge, Dasineura rubiformis, is the most recent addition to the suite of biological control agents that have been deployed in South Africa against invasive Australian Acacia species. This insect is associated with Acacia mearnsii (black wattle), which is extremely invasive, but also an important agro-forestry species, in South Africa. It induces development of galls in the flowers of A. mearnsii, thereby preventing pod development and reducing the reproductive capacity of the plants. The useful attributes of this economically important plant species should not be affected by the introduction of D. rubiformis. The midge is established in the vicinity of Stellenbosch, where it is increasing in abundance. Studies have been initiated to (i) evaluate the performance of the midge; (ii) confirm that galling does not cause a reduction in vegetative growth of A. mearnsii; and (iii) determine the potential effectiveness of D. rubiformis as a biological control agent of A. mearnsii. All indications are that the insect has the potential to become an excellent seed-reducing biological control agent of A. mearnsii.
A diverse array of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) is associated with the Australian acacias in their native habitat.1 In the late 1990s, attention was focused on them in a drive to find additional biological control agents for use against invasive Australian Acacia species in South Africa with emphasis on black wattle (Acacia mearnsii).2,3
Acacia mearnsii is one of South Africa's most widespread and problematic invasive plants.47 Its presence in natural forests, grasslands and water courses continues to threaten ecosystems in terms of loss of biodiversity, reduced water supplies, increased soil erosion and by exacerbating the intensity of fires.812 The success of the plant as an invasive weed and its persistence in the landscape is largely attributable to the annual production of enormous seed crops which accumulate and persist in the soil for many years.6,13
Historically, the biological control programme against invasive Australian Acacia species in South Africa has been fraught with conflict, particularly due to the economic importance (for tannin and paper pulp) of black wattle.1418 As a compromise, the choice of biological control agents has been restricted to those that reduce the reproductive capacity but not the useful attributes of the plants.6,18,19 The concerns about biological control potentially disrupting commercial supplies of seed were resolved by demonstrating that the prospective agents can be effectively controlled with conventional insecticides,3,20 some of which are routinely applied in wattle plantations.2123
The first agent to be released against A. mearnsii was a seed-feeding weevil, Melanterius maculatus, which is now established at a number of sites across the country.6 Although M. maculatus can cause substantial levels of seed reduction of A. mearnsii, considerable quantities of seed are still produced annually (F. Impson, unpublished data). The addition of complementary biological control agents to further reduce reproductive output of A. mearnsii was therefore desirable.
Eight gall midge species are associated with the reproductive structures of black wattle in Australia. Of these, D. rubiformis was considered to be the most suitable candidate for use in the biological control programme against black wattle in South Africa. This decision was based partly on observations that D. rubiformis substantially reduces pod production of A. mearnsii in Western Australia, where both the midge and host plant have become naturalized after being introduced from eastern Australia.3 In this article we summarize progress with D. rubiformis in South Africa and discuss the issues that need to be addressed before the insect is exploited fully as a biological control agent of A. mearnsii.
Life cycle of D. rubiformis
The life cycle of D. rubiformis has been described by Adair.3 It is a univoltine species in which adult emergence is closely synchronized with the distinct flowering pulse exhibited by Acacia mearnsii during spring (September/October). Adult D. rubiformis live only a few days and females require open flowers for oviposition, so this synchrony is essential. The eggs are laid within the perianth tube of the flower and, on hatching, the larvae start feeding on the surface of the ovary, at the same time inducing gall-formation and preventing pod set by affected flowers. The flowers of A. mearnsii occur in globular flower-heads, each with about 45 flowers. Afflicted flower-heads generally produce a small, tightly packed cluster of up to 36 galls [10.5 ± 1.0 s.e., n = 83 at Stellenbosch in July 2007 (unpublished data)] instead of pods. Each gall within the cluster contains 15 chambers, and generally a single larva develops within each chamber. Third-instar larvae emerge from the galls during winter (June/July) and drop to the soil where they pupate in silken cocoons.
Host range
Surveys in Australia of 147 native Acacia species, including 27 within the section Botrycephalae, along with three introduced African species and one introduced American species,3 showed that, besides A. mearnsii, D. rubiformis may be associated with the following Botrycephalae species in eastern Australia: Acacia parramattensis, A. irrorata, A. deanei, A. leucoclada and A. constablei. The structure of galls on these five species resembles that of D. rubiformis on A. mearnsii and DNA sequences of larvae from the first four species matched those of D. rubiformis. Larvae from the fifth species were not sequenced. To confirm these putative identifications, adults need to be reared from the galls and examined.1 In Western Australia, where both insect and host plant are naturalized, D. rubiformis was found only on A. mearnsii.1 Of the species listed above, only A. mearnsii currently occurs in South Africa.
Host-specificity tests, conducted at the Plant Protection Research Institute in Stellenbosch between 1999 and 2001, confirmed the restricted host range of D. rubiformis. During these studies flowering branches of 10 Australian Acacia species [including four species from the section Botrycephalae, namely, A. mearnsii, A. dealbata, A. baileyana and A. decurrens, 13 African Acacia species, an American acacia, and an additional four species of test plant (Paraserianthes lophantha, Mimosaceae; Cydonia oblonga and Prunus armeniaca, both Rosaceae; and Vitis vinifera, Vitaceae)] were exposed to cohorts of D. rubiformis adults and monitored for subsequent development of galls. Under the test conditions, gall induction occurred only on A. mearnsii.3
Host plant growth
One of the concerns when using biological control agents that reduce seed production of invasive acacias by forming galls is that the galling may also suppress the growth rate of the host plants. A case in point is that of the gall wasp, Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae, which is an extremely effective biological control agent of A. longifolia in South Africa.18,24 Although most T. acaciaelongifoliae galls are induced in flower buds, the wasps also stunt vegetative growth of A. longifolia because: (i) galls induced in vegetative meristematic tissues destroy the growth points which would give rise to new stems; and (ii) galls suppress growth indirectly because their biomass is routinely much higher than that of normal seed pod loads (that is, that would occur on ungalled trees).24,25
Conversely, two other introduced gall-forming insects on Australian acacias in South Africa have had little or no indirect effect on the vegetative growth of their host plants.26 Physiological studies have shown that compensatory photosynthesis in adjacent phyllodes offsets the carbon demands placed on the host plant by galls of Trichilogaster signiventris on Acacia pycnantha27 and by galls of Dasineura dielsi on Acacia cyclops (C. Moseley, University of Cape Town, unpublished data). The compensation is possible because the galls induced by these two species do not disrupt plant tissue functioning.27 The studies also demonstrated that photosynthetic activity of the galls themselves may contribute substantially to the carbon budgets of the galls,27 thus further offsetting the carbon demands of the galls.
Dasineura rubiformis is expected to resemble D. dielsi most closely and not cause any reduction in the growth rates of the host plant because: (i) D. rubiformis lays its eggs exclusively in flowers of A. mearnsii, and consequently galls never develop in vegetative meristematic tissue; and (ii) the biomass of each D. rubiformis gall is much less than a seed pod [gall mean dry biomass = 5.8 ± 0.3 mg (n = 50), seed pod mean dry biomass = 292 ± 27 mg (n = 40)]. The number of galls that are produced may exceed the number of pods that would normally be generated, but this would need to be about 50-fold to require equivalent resources.
Evaluation studies
Dasineura rubiformis is currently established in the Stellenbosch region of South Africa. Qualitative assessments have shown that levels of galling are increasing (unpublished data). In 2006, galls were detectable over a range that extended for about 800 m. In 2007 this range had increased sixfold, up to 5000 m. In Western Australia D. rubiformis has demonstrated an ability to locate disparate populations of A. mearnsii, including trees that occur in isolation.3 The midge will probably show the same dispersal ability and eventually become established widely in South Africa. At present no efforts are being made to distribute the insects manually until the completion of studies, to confirm that D. rubiformis is no threat to the integrity of the wattle industry.
These studies have begun and include monitoring of the extent and intensity of galling on A. mearnsii along with rates of spread and impact on pod production. Physiological studies are being undertaken to confirm that compensatory photosynthesis occurs and to determine the extent of photosynthesis by the galls themselves. A comparison of the vegetative growth of A. mearnsii, relative to intensity of galling, is being undertaken to confirm that growth is not suppressed.
Additional studies will determine how D. rubiformis (i) interacts with the introduced seed weevil, M. maculatus; and (ii) might be influenced by acquired parasitoids and predators in South Africa. Cecidomyiid midges have a poor reputation as biological control agents because they are prone to parasitoid attack when introduced into new areas.2830 In Western Australia, however, D. rubiformis has become abundant and effective in suppressing pod production despite the acquisition of parasitoids.3
Based on available evidence, D. rubiformis will be restricted to A. mearnsii in South Africa with the capacity to reduce pod production substantially while not reducing the vigour of the plants. All indications are that the midges will be compatible with the commercial exploitation of wattle. In combination, it is anticipated that M. maculatus and D. rubiformis will make a beneficial contribution to curbing the invasiveness of one of South Africa's most troublesome alien plant species.
1. Kolesik P., Adair R.J. and Eick G. (2005). Nine new species of Dasineura (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from flowers of Australian Acacia (Mimosaceae). Syst. Entomol. 30, 454479. [ Links ]
2. Adair R.J., Kolesik P. and Neser S. (2000). Australian seed-preventing gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) as potential biological control agents for invasive Acacia spp. in South Africa. In Proc. X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, ed. N.R. Spencer, pp. 605614. Bozeman, Montana. [ Links ]
3. Adair R.J. (2004). Seed-reducing Cecidomyiidae as potential biological control agents for invasive Australian wattles in South Africa, particularly Acacia mearnsii and A. cyclops. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa. [ Links ]
4. Stirton C.H. (ed.) (1978). Plant Invaders, Beautiful but Dangerous. Department of Nature and Environmental Conservation of the Cape Provincial Administration, Cape Town. [ Links ]
5. Versfeld D.B., le Maitre D.C. and Chapman R.A. (1998). Alien invading plants and water resources in South Africa: a preliminary assessment. WRC Report No. TT99/98, CSIR No. ENV/S-C 97154. Pretoria. [ Links ]
6. Dennill G.B., Donnelly D., Stewart K. and Impson F.A.C. (1999). Insect agents used for the biological control of Australian Acacia species and Paraserianthes lophantha (Willd.) Nielsen (Fabaceae) in South Africa. African Entomology, Memoir No. 1, 4554. [ Links ]
7. Henderson L. (2001). Alien Weeds and Invasive Plants. A complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria. [ Links ]
8. Macdonald I.A.W. and Jarman M.L. (eds) (1984). Invasive alien organisms in the terrestrial ecosystems of the fynbos biome, South Africa. S. Afr. Natl Sci. Prog. Rep. 85. CSIR, Pretoria. [ Links ]
9. Versfeld D.B. and van Wilgen B.W. (1986). Impacts of woody aliens on ecosystem properties. In The Ecology and Control of Biological Invasions in South Africa, eds I.A.W. Macdonald, F.J. Kruger and A.A. Ferrar, pp. 239246. Oxford University Press, Cape Town. [ Links ]
10. Macdonald I.A.W. (1991). Conservation implications of the invasion of southern Africa by alien organisms. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa. [ Links ]
11. Cowling R.M. and Hilton-Taylor C. (1994). Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in southern Africa: an overview. In Botanical Diversity of Southern Africa, ed. B.J. Huntley. Strelitzia 1, 3152. [ Links ]
12. De Wit M.P., Crookes D.J. and van Wilgen B.W. (2001). Conflicts of interest in environmental management: estimating the costs and benefits of a tree invasion. Biol. Invas. 3, 167178. [ Links ]
13. Pieterse P.J. and Boucher C. (1997). Is burning a standing population of invasive legumes a viable control method? Effects of a wildfire on an Acacia mearnsii population. S. Afr. For. J. 180, 1521. [ Links ]
14. Annecke D.P. (1975). Biological control of Australian Acacia species. Official communication ref. 13/3/417/6 dated 26 November, 1975 from director, Plant Protection Research Institute, to director, Wattle Research Institute. [ Links ]
15. Stubbings J.A. (1977). A case against controlling introduced acacias. In Proc. Second National Weeds Conference of South Africa, pp. 89107, Stellenbosch. A.A. Balkema, Cape Town. [ Links ]
16. Anon. (1978). Biological control of Australian acacias. Wattle Growers News 62, 1012 [ Links ]
17. Anon. (1987). Editorial. The history of the conflict of interest regarding the biological control of alien acacias in South Africa. South African Institute of Ecologists. Bulletin 6(3), 19, eds B.W. van Wilgen and B. McKenzie. [ Links ]
18. Dennill G.B. and Donnelly D. (1991). Biological control of Acacia longifolia and related weed species (Fabaceae) in South Africa. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 37, 115135. [ Links ]
19. Impson F.A.C. and Moran V.C. (2004). Thirty years of exploration for and selection of a succession of Melanterius weevil species for biological control of invasive Australian acacias in South Africa: should we have done anything differently? In Proc. XI International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, eds J.M. Cullen, D.T. Briese, D.J. Kriticos, W.M. Lonsdale, L. Morin and J.K. Scott, pp. 127134. CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. [ Links ]
20. Donnelly D., Calitz F.J. and van Aarde I.M.R. (1992). Insecticidal control of Melanterius servulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential biocontrol agent of Paraserianthes lophantha (Leguminosae), in commercial seed orchards of black wattle, Acacia mearnsii (Leguminosae). Bull. Ent. Res. 82, 197202. [ Links ]
21. Govender P. and Atkinson P.R. (eds) (1997). Wattle Pests and Diseases. Institute for Commercial Forestry Research and the South African Wattle Growers Union,Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. [ Links ]
22. Nel A., Krause M., Ramautar N. and van Zyl K. (1999). A Guide for the Control of Plant Pests, 38th edn. National Department of Agriculture, Pretoria. [ Links ]
23. Atkinson P.R. (1999). On the population dynamics of the wattle bagworm, Chaliopsis (Kotochalia) junodi (Heylarts) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae): an analysis of the SAWGU Survey, 19531997. ICFR Bulletin Series 4/99. [ Links ]
24. Dennill G.B. (1988). Why a gall former can be a good biocontrol agent the gall wasp Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae and the weed Acacia longifolia. Ecol. Entomol. 13, 19. [ Links ]
25. Dennill G.B. (1985). The effect of the gall wasp Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on reproductive potential and vegetative growth of the weed Acacia longifolia. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 14, 5361. [ Links ]
26. Hoffmann J.H., Impson F.A.C., Moran V.C. and Donnelly D. (2002). Trichilogaster gall wasps (Pteromalidae) and biological control of invasive golden wattle trees (Acacia pycnantha) in South Africa. Biol. Control 25, 6473. [ Links ]
27. Dorchin N., Cramer M.D. and Hoffmann J.H. (2006). Photosynthesis and sink activity of wasp-induced galls in Acacia pycnantha. Ecology 87(7), 17811791. [ Links ]
28. Harris P. (1991). Classical biocontrol of weeds: its definitions, selection of effective agents, and administrative-political problems. Can. Entomol. 123, 827849. [ Links ]
29. Goeden R.D. and Louda S.M. (1976). Biotic interference with insects imported for weed control. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 21, 325342. [ Links ]
30. Harris P. and Shorthouse J.D. (1996). Effectiveness of gall inducers in weed biological control. Can. Entomol. 128, 10211055. [ Links ]
* Author for correspondence. E-mail: email@example.com


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Story highlights
- Tony Lewis Jr. is the son of an infamous former Washington drug dealer
- Tony Sr. serving life in prison. Son hopes to change perception of family name
- Lewis Jr. mentors children whose parents are incarcerated
- Lewis Jr. is the first man to graduate from college in his family
Community activist Tony Lewis Jr. is on a mission to right the wrongs of his father's past.
Known as "Little Tony," Lewis Jr. recalls having a "quintessential" childhood, often envied by his neighborhood friends. In his household, his parent's love and money were free-flowing. He and his father planned lavish shopping trips and the family frequently vacationed in Las Vegas and Atlantic City.
They went to see Michael Jackson in concert, attended the Super Bowl and took in championship boxing matches. He describes this time in his life as an inner city version of the 1980s sitcom "Silver Spoons."
"My father would pick me up in a Porsche one day, a Mercedes the next day, a BMW the next. My mother would drive a Mercedes, a Jaguar," Lewis Jr. says, "It was normal to me."
That all changed on December 6, 1989. That's the day his father, Tony Lewis Sr. was convicted of helping to run one of the largest drug rings in the history of the nation's capitol. In the same city where his cocaine operation wreaked havoc, his son now mentors young men who might be lured into a life of crime.
Although as a child he knew his father was different from the parents of his Catholic schoolmates, Tony says he was completely unaware of father's illegal activity. "I never saw my dad with drugs at all. That was something that was never done in our presence."
It wasn't until 1988, when Tony was 8 years old that he realized the truth behind his father's extravagant lifestyle. While watching the local news, Tony saw a report that claimed officials had raided one of the city's largest cocaine distribution networks. He gazed at the TV screen as his father was escorted into police custody, a suspect in the high profile case.
After Tony Sr. was arrested, he never came home.
"When my father went to prison, my childhood pretty much ended," he says. "My innocence was taken."
The court found that Tony Lewis Sr. was a partner in a cocaine distribution conspiracy that generated millions of dollars in sales. He is appealing his conviction on four counts including conspiracy to distribute narcotics and racketeering.
Tony's father was eventually sentenced to life without parole. Lewis Sr. remembers seeing Little Tony after his guilty verdict. "I cried. ... I told him that he had to be strong." Leaving his son was the hardest thing he ever had to do. "No amount of money I made is worth this," he says.
Lewis Jr. says he didn't find out his father would never get out of jail until he was 14 years old, while researching on the Internet at school. "To find out he was going to be locked up forever was very tough to deal with," Tony says. "It crushed me."
In a recent interview with CNN from a federal prison in Maryland, Lewis Sr. told CNN that it was never his dream to be a drug dealer. As the son of a single mother raising six kids on welfare, Lewis Sr. says he started selling drugs at 14 as a way to make ends meet: "We never had enough to eat. I actually started selling drugs to ... provide for my siblings."
After his dad's downfall, Tony says he went from "riches to rags." Along with his mother, Tony moved into his grandmother's row home, located on a city block once known for violence and crime. "I had to mature very quickly to be able to kind of survive the things that I went through," Tony says.
Growing up on Washington's Hanover Place in the late '80s and '90s, where drugs and violence were commonplace, Tony recalls losing friends and family members to the streets. Shortly after his father's incarceration, Tony says his mother suffered a mental breakdown, leaving him without the secure family structure he once knew. "He was left pretty much parentless," his father says.
During his teen years, Tony admits he was tempted to follow in his father's footsteps: "The men in my family were bank robbers, and gamblers ... and drug dealers. There was no blueprint for me to succeed." But, he credits his mother and grandmother, and his father's consistent support from behind bars for motivating him to succeed beyond his circumstances.
"I didn't want to die at 16, 18, 21," Tony Jr. says. "I knew another way of life was possible." Tony graduated from the University of the District of Columbia in 2003 at the age of 23.
Now 32, Tony's goal is to impact the lives of young men growing up without fathers.
In 2010, Tony founded a mentoring initiative for children of incarcerated parents called Sons of Life. He was inspired to create the organization during a routine prison visit with his father.
Tony noticed a young boy waiting in the visiting area to see his dad. He looked to be about 8 years old, the same age as Tony when his father went away.
"I completely saw myself in that kid," he says. "I prayed he wouldn't have to endure what I endured without my father -- that was the premise for Sons of Life. ... I wanted to help some kids in my situation make it."
Tony, whose day job involves developing job skills for ex-offenders, mentors 10 young men ages 9 to 21 through his program. He organizes field trips to the White House, sporting events, and dinners. He aims to expose the young men to possibility and opportunity.
Tony also helps families buy Christmas and birthday gifts and school supplies, stepping in where their fathers can't. In collaboration with his father, who is still in prison in Maryland, Tony has also organized family prison trips for children in need of transportation to detention centers.
Tony is like a big brother to Sons of Life participants Xavier and Delfon. "He goes to our football events, basketball games," says 14-year-old Delfon. "It makes me feel like actually cares."
His brother Xavier, 13, added: "He can relate to me because he's been through the same thing I'm going through." According to the boys' mother, who asked that her name not be published, Tony's presence has made a big difference in her sons' lives.
"I see the way my kids' faces light up just because he can relate," she explained. "Most of their peers didn't understand. Just the average peer group didn't work well for them."
According to Joyce Arditti, professor of human development at Virginia Tech and author of "Parental Incarceration and the Family," children of incarcerated parents are unique when compared with those who have endured other forms of parent separation such as divorce or death.
Research suggests that children of incarcerated parents are often disadvantaged in many areas of life and at a higher risk of school failure, poor self esteem, delinquent behavior and incarceration themselves, according to Arditti.
It's difficult for the remaining parent to find coping resources for children living with the stress of having a parent behind bars, she says, adding that programs like Sons of Life can be effective. "Insider status is very important," she says. "Therapy that is typically successful for children of incarcerated parents are programs that closely model their day to day experience."
For Tony, leading by example is the best way to inspire others around him. Though he can't turn back the clock, he's trying to restore his father's name in the community. "One of the biggest things I'm proud of is that I've been able to really change the perception of what my name means in my city."
Today, Tony still lives in the same row house with his grandmother, on the same street where he grew up. "The kids in my community need to see me," Tony says. "They need to be able to touch me and know that I am not a myth. I want to be an inspiration for them to say yes we can make it out too."


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Three guys begin work at a toothbrush company as salesmen. Each day, two of the guys sell twenty toothbrushes each, and the third guy consistently sells two hundred. The other two guys are jealous, but they can't figure out his secret. Then, one day, they run into him at the mall, where he's set up a tobacco dip sample table.
"This is your secret?" says the first guy.
"Try some dip," says the third. They both take a little bit o' dip.
"Ech!" says the second guy. "This tastes like s**t!"
"It is s**t. Would you like to buy a toothbrush?"