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LAST UPDATED: 1st January 2018
Digital modes are becoming more and more popular on the amateur bands. This is mainly due to the following reason: Affordable home PC's with built in soundcards. This has brought forth a multitude of decoding software, some free, others not. There are new modes being invented all the time and keeping track of these is turning into a full time job! One of the main problems encountered by the newcomer to digital modes (or digimodes as they are known) is how to identify what they are seeing/hearing. Most of the decoding software uses a visual 'waterfall' display to facilitate easy tuning.
With that in mind I went on the bands and captured images of the most common digital modes in use at the moment. Below you will see images of each mode together with some brief notes on the mode. The images show the most common variant(s) of the mode, although some have many different 'flavours'! I will add to this list as and when I hear/identify a new mode that is being used on a regular basis (last popular 'new' one is Olivia which wasn't around when I did this page on my original site)
Click on the name of the mode (where the name is underlined) to hear an mp3 of how the mode sounds on air (these are to give you an idea of how that mode sounds, not for analysis purposes) I have included some sound files of mode variants - more to come as I find them).
PSK, or Phase Shift Keying has become the most popular of the newer digital modes. There is a wealth of information on the web regarding BPSK (Binary PSK) and QPSK (Quadrature PSK)
Because PSK31 has a bandwidth of only 31Hz, many signals can fit into the same bandwidth that would be occupied by an SSB signal (2.4kHz approx.). It is quite common to see 15 or more signals on a 2.5kHz waterfall display.
A 'clean' BPSK31 signal. This is how your signal should look!
Here are a couple of BPSK31 signals that are badly distorted. This is probably due to overdriving. Reducing the input to the soundcard or reducing the output level would improve the quality of this signal. Note that although some way from the adjacent signal on the left, the distorted signal is sufficiently wide to cause interference to the other signal.
Here we see a station that has an unstable signal and is drifting badly. A stable and 'clean' transmitter is vital when using narrow modes such as PSK31 and it's variants so as not to cause QRM to nearby stations
PSK63 is gaining popularity, with many programs now supporting this mode. The pro's for this mode are the fact that data is sent and received at twice the rate of normal PSK31, so is great for chatting and contest exchanges. The con's to this mode are the increased bandwidth required over PSK31, the increase in power required to maintain the same level of copy as PSK31 and that not all software decoders support PSK63. PSK63 can be identified quite easily as it looks like a 'fat' psk31 signal!
Other variations of PSK31 are PSK16 (half bandwidth/speed of PSK31); PSK125 (4 times bandwidth/speed) and other experimental variations such as PSK10 (to be found in MultiPSK) and even PSK250. The other common variant of BPSK31 is QPSK31, (the 'Q' stands for 'Quadrature', rather than the usual B which is 'Binary' Phase Shift Keying), which is sideband dependent (i.e. both transmitter and receiver must be using the same sideband) but is not in common use despite it's superior decoding ability during poor conditions.
Here is an waterfall shot of QPSK63 (the wider of the signals. If you compare it to the BPSK63 signal above, and also on the left of the picture you can see there appears to be more information contained within the same signal, this is the easy way to tell QPSK from BPSK.
This picture shows the bandwidth difference between PSK31 and PSK63, PSK63 being the wider signal.
Here we can see the difference between a PSK31 signal and a PSK125 signal. The PSK125, although much faster, takes 4 times the bandwidth and requires 4 times the power for the same s/n ratio as PSK31. It is a great mode when conditions are good and signals are strong, especially on the higher bands where there is more space.
SSTV (Slow Scan TV)
Slow Scan TV has been popular for many years, although the vast majority these days is computer generated. The most common modes are Martin and Scottie. Robot still has a following. Most SSTV programs handle these modes and others too. The received pictures are built up line by line over the course of nearly a minute so you need to be patient! Quality can be very good, even over long distance paths. Here are two pictures received by me — the topmost one is from Hawaii (KH6AT) and the bottom one is from Sweden (SM7UZB).
RTTY (Radio Teletype)
The 'original' data mode. RTTY (pronounced 'Ritty') has been around for many, many years and is still just as popular. Years ago the only way to get on RTTY was to use a mechanical terminal unit such as the Creed 7 series, which were big, noisy and messy. These days, virtually all RTTY is done by the computer/soundcard combination. Amateurs (hams) use 45 baud (the speed) with 170Hz shift (between mark and space). Commercial stations use 50 or 100 baud with shifts of 425 or even 850Hz. Most software caters for differing speeds and shifts. Unlike most digital modes, RTTY is transmitted on LSB.
MFSK is similar to the commercial Piccolo system. MFSK is very good under poor propagation conditions. The usual variant of MFSK is MFSK 16, but other types such as MFSK 8 are in development, along with other similar modes to MFSK (such as Domino). MFSK is sideband dependant, so you must have your receiver set to the correct sideband in order to decode it properly. Also tuning is quite critical, although AFC helps somewhat. The top image is of an MFSK16 signal and the lower image is of an MFSK32 signal (which as you can see is nearly 500Hz wide, twice as wide as an MFSK16 signal).
MT63 is very robust and offers 100% copy when other modes fail. The tradeoffs however are bandwidth and speed. MT63 is quite slow and occupies anything from 500Hz to a full 2kHz (which is still less than a single voice channel). Because of the wide bandwidth, MT63 is usually confined to 14MHz and above, where there is sufficient space to accommodate it.
Hellschreiber (or Hell as it is commonly known) is a bit different from most other data modes. When receiving a Hell signal, your eyes do the filtering! The decoded text is displayed on a 'ticker tape' display (as shown in the picture). Hell has a very distinctive 'grating' sound and is a narrow band mode. The Hell signal is on the left of the picture (with the green flag above it), with an MFSK signal on the right—note the bandwidth required for the MFSK signal compared to the Hell signal. Even weak signals can be decoded as your eye/brain combination can 'fill in the blanks' where the signal fades.
Here is a waterfall of a Hell signal, together with a decode (showing how it appears on screen)
HF mailboxes etc. use packet to forward messages to users. The usual data rate on HF is 300 baud, with 1200 and 9600 baud being common place at VHF and UHF. The picture shows a mailbox/BBS in Turkey negotiating with a BBS in the UK. The short burst at the bottom of the picture is header and callsign information whereas the longer burst is the actual data. Several of these packet BBS/mailboxes can be heard chirping around 14.1MHz.
HF mailboxes etc. also use PACTOR to forward messages to users. PACTOR has had a lot of bad press recently, mainly due to the actions of a few inconsiderate operators who are apparently causing interference deliberately to existing users of the digital sub bands. I cannot comment on this as I have not experienced it personally. The picture shows the PACTOR signal trying to establish contact. Once established the transmission of data can begin. Because PACTOR uses error correction, it can take quite a time to send a message particularly over a less than perfect path—but the transmitting station will keep trying until the message is received perfectly. The picture is of a PACTOR 1 signal, however there are PACTOR 2 and 3 variants, but these require hardware encoders/decoders.
Throb is one of the newer digital modes and although it can be heard, it is nowhere near as popular as other modes such as PSK31 or RTTY. As with the other modes, there are various variations of Throb, 1 throb/second; 2 throbs/second and 4 throbs/second. 1 throb is the slowest and 4 is the quickest. Throb is actually quite a slow mode and is therefore probably quite resilient to the effects of fading etc. although is does take quite a time to complete a contact!
Left to Right: Throb 1; Throb 2; Throb 4 (click each type to hear the different sounds).
Olivia is a fairly new digital mode and it seems to be extremely resistant to fading and QRM. I can get full copy on stations that are barely audible (even ones that fade down to almost zero seem to still print well). As with other modes, Olivia has different variants each having a different bandwidth (from 500Hz to 2kHz) and different number of tones. Olivia can be very slow (in the order of 2-3 characters per second) but a slow contact is better than none at all! In the below pictures, the 8/250 indicates 8 tones over a 250Hz bandwidth and 32/1000 is 32 tones over a 1kHz bandwidth. To avoid interference to other stations is it usual to start an Olivia transmission on a full kHz (i.e. 14.108.0 rather than 14.108.3 for instance).
Here are some waterfall shots of some other Olivia modes:
Contestia is another very new mode to be found on the ham bands. It is not, as yet, very popular and so far I have heard only one station transmitting this mode. Again I have included a sound file and a waterfall capture so that you may see what it looks and sounds like. This image is of a Contestia 4-250 signal from RW3AS on 20m.
JT6M is a specialised mode found in the WSJT software suite (from Professor Joe Taylor, K1JT) designed for weak signal working (such as EME—Moonbounce and Meteor Scatter). JT6M is the favoured mode for MS and Sporadic E and can be heard on 6m around 50230. I have done some monitoring recently using JT6M and have seen full decodes from stations that were not audible to me by ear, which I think is quite impressive!
Similar in principle to the broadcast DRM signals heard on the SW broadcast bands. DRM is a very experimental mode at the moment, with the main exponents being found on 80m around 3733kHz. I have not had much success with this mode as yet, despite having good signal levels. The signals need to be very clean and strong in order to decode. Pictures can be sent using DRM, but time will tell as to how/if this mode grows in popularity. Below is a waterfall ident from DD9ZO, sadly this station was not strong enough to decode. This mode does not seem to have taken off in the way that others have, mainly I think due to the fact that it requires a very strong and noise/fade free signal in order to decode. This is much like broadcast DRM. Unfortunately, the disadvantage with this mode and most other digital modes is that the signal is either fully readable or not copiable at all. With analogue signals (and some digital modes) you can usually fill in the blanks when you get fading or noise on the signal, also they are copiable when they are barely audible. Some newer modes do work very well at signal levels that are at or below the threshold of human hearing (WSPR for instance, which is mode that has only been around for a few months but unfortunately it is a one way mode, that is it is a beacon mode rather than a 'conversation' mode).
If you tune on 14.233 you may well hear a strange signal that sounds very similar to the HAM DRM signals mentioned above. This will be one of the new Digital SSTV modes. Like all DRM modes, Digital SSTV produces excellent, noise/distortion free pictures which can be in high definition. However for this to occur, the received signal needs to be very strong and relatively free from noise etc. If the program loses any part of the signal, due to a noise spike or a brief fade, the whole picture is lost. This is the big disadvantage with this mode on HF, it really is all or nothing. The software I am using to decode this mode is called 'EASYPAL' and is available from http://www.qslnet.de/member/hb9tlk/ . If you don't want to transmit a picture, you can send short text messages in the 'waterfall'. I haven't used this program much so don't know all the ins and outs but it's good to be able to decode this new mode. Below is a waterfall grab of a digital SSTV signal (as seen in the MixW waterfall)
Example of waterfall text received in EasyPal
Digital / HD SSTV picture received on 14.233MHz in August 2010
Here are some more pictures captured using EasyPal, on both 20m and 80m. I am finding that there is more activity now than when I originally wrote this piece. The pictures are of stunning quality and, as they are digital, there are no traces of noise, QSB or any of the other problems that affect analogue SSTV pictures. The downside is that with these you either get the entire picture, or nothing at all - plus the transmission time seems rather lengthy. You do need a strong/clean signal in order to use digital SSTV, but it is well worth it. There are some received pictures I cannot show on this site as they are rather 'risqué' and show women in various states of undress - pleasing to the male eye, perhaps, but not really suitable for ham radio.
These were received on 80m (again, note the quality of the decode, even on the noisy 80m band at night:
And here are some from 20m:
Here is another of the new modes which can be decoded by many different software packages. Domino is another mode that uses MFSK (Multi-Frequency Shift Keying). MFSK sends data using many different tones, sent one at a time. As with 'normal MFSK, it has excellent performance but was developed specifically to cope with the noisy conditions of the lower HF bands. For more information and technical details, visit:
As with the other MFSK modes (such as MSFK16, Throb, Olivia etc.) Domino is used with different parameters, the best mode variant to use is dependent on band conditions.
Above Left to right are:
DominoF 1-8; 1-16; 2-8; 2-16, Domino 3 and lastly DominoEX. However DominoEX (click to hear sound file) has superceded DominoF. Like DominoF, DominoEX has a multitude of variants to suit various bands/conditions..
Thor is a new mode and is very closely related to DominoEx. It is an extremely robust mode and is well suited to HF weak signal conditions. A single carrier of constant amplitude is stepped between 18 tone frequencies in a constant phase manner. This means that no unwanted sidebands are produced, and it does not require the same kind of linearity requirements as some modes (PSK in particular). The tones change according to an offset algorithm which ensures that no sequential tones are the same or adjacent in frequency, considerably enhancing the inter-symbol interference resistance to multi-path and Doppler effects. Thor, like other similar modes has a variety of speeds and tones to choose from, dependent on band conditions and signal levels. The modes are Thor 4, 5, 8, 11, 16 and 22. Speeds vary from the equivalent of 14wpm right up to 78wpm for Thor 22. and bandwidths vary from 173Hz up to 524Hz.
This is a waterfall grab of a Thor 16 signal.
JT65 was developed originally as part of the WSJT weak signal modes software package by Joe K1JT. JT65 can also be decoded by other packages, such as MultiPSK. The screen grab below is taken from MultiPSK. JT65 has found a use on HF and can be found around 14.076MHz and 21.076MHz amongst others. Signals that are virtually inaudible can give perfect copy so its performance is excellent on the noisy HF bands. The transfer rate is slow, as are most modes that excel in low signal decoding. I am now monitoring JT65 most days and am amazed how well signals come through, day after day!
This is a screenshot of another JT65 program. This is JT65-HF by W4CQZ, a free decoder that is specially written for those of us that like to play around with JT65 on the HF bands. I have been using this for quite a time now, and I am very impressed by it. I like the interface, it is easy to use and easy to set up. It will decode multiple signals at the same time and stores the results in a CSV (comma separated values text) file for later analysis. Another useful feature is that, like DM780, it sends spots to the PSK Reporter website and they are displayed on a map. You can interrogate the system to display all spots seen by any particular callsign etc. As you can see from the above screenshot JT65 works very well on HF and I have heard signals from all over the world from stations using fairly simple equipment and low power. Also the program reports to the RB (reverse beacon) network, which is found at: www.jt65.w6cqz.org/receptions.php . The above screenshot shows stations in Brazil, UK, Netherlands and Asiatic Russia, all on a very quiet 10m band.
This screenshot shows the spots my receiving station has sent to the PSK reporter network over a 24 hr period, using JT65a. As you can see, all four corners of the world have been heard! There are some stations active from Africa, mainly in South Africa (ZS) and it is not uncommon to hear them - however none were active then this screenshot was taken.
I have decided that in 2011 I will be devoting a fair amount of time to JT65a (each year I choose a particular mode or band that takes preference - in the past I have done CW, 160m, PSK31, WSPR, 6m and now is the turn of JT65). There has been a marked increase in JT65a activity on the HF bands, mostly due to the efforts of Joe and his excellent JT65-HF software. I am intending to promote activity on this weak signal mode wherever possible. When using this mode, it is advisable to keep the transmitter power to 50w or less or no more than half the rated output of your transceiver. Most of the time 20-30w is more than adequate and quite often contacts over amazing distances can be achieved using just a couple of watts. It is interesting to note that even when a band appears to be closed, the chances are that there may well be a JT65 path open. If you have restricted antennas, power or both, this could be the mode for you. Signals that are 24dB below the noise level can be decoded with relative ease.
Joe is constantly developing the software and releases new versions regularly. Each release sees a further improvement in functionality, but without sacrificing ease of use.
To download the latest version of the software (v1.093), click HERE.
This introduction is taken from Joe Taylor (K1JT)'s WSPR 2.0 online user guide. WSPR (pronounced "whisper") stands for "Weak Signal Propagation Reporter." The WSPR software is designed for probing potential radio propagation paths using low-power beacon-like transmissions. WSPR signals convey a callsign, Maidenhead grid locator, and power level using a compressed data format with strong forward error correction and narrow-band 4-FSK modulation. The protocol is effective at signal-to-noise ratios as low as –28 dB in a 2500 Hz bandwidth. Receiving stations with internet access may automatically upload reception reports to a central database.
For more detailed information on WSPR and to download the programs, see the WSPR website or the WSPRnet website where the database etc. are hosted.
Here are the USB dial frequencies for WSPR:
Frequency (MHz)
Below is a summary of stations heard on WSPR over course of a month (27 November to 27 December 09).
30m has been the band I have spent most time monitoring as can be seen by the fact I have decoded over 270 stations on that band alone. What I have found strange is the lack of African stations - not a single one has been decoded to date. I guess it hasn't caught on over there yet. Hopefully as the mode develops and interest increases some stations will take it up as it would be interesting to see how the propagation paths to Africa open and close during the course of a day or month. Asia is quite sparse too here. I know there are stations on from Japan etc. but I am not hearing them here very often. Same with Australia. No path to VK for me yet. It is nice to see some North American's on 80m, proving that there has been a path most nights and it should be workable with modest powers and antennas. If I can hear a 1 watt American station on 80m WSPR at a reasonable level, then I should be able to hear ones running 100w of CW/SSB or 30w of PSK with little problem.
By Continent
Over the past few weeks I have been transmitting on WSPR (and a few other modes) with 5 watts or so into my inverted Vee and have been very impressed with the results. I still feel that I would be better with proper dipoles for each of the main bands I am interested in and I will hopefully work on that during the summer.
I have now been using the OCF dipole/Windom arrangement for a few weeks on various bands/modes and can report that it works well although it does not have quite the same impact on 30 and 40m as the G5RV. The reason is because tthe OCF is designed for use on 20m and above so operation below 14MHz is a compromise. That said, it still radiates a fairly good signal on 30m as borne out by the WSPR reports I have collected.
So far this year I have been heard in 56 entities, which are:
Ballearic Isl
Canary Isl
Reunion Isl
Northern Ireland
Puerto Rico
Czech Republic
Faroe Islands
Asiatic Russia
European Russia
New Zealand
South Africa
As you can a see there are a spread of countries from all continents, which is gratifying as it means that I am at least radiating some sort of signal in every direction.
Here is a summary, by band, of where my WSPR signals have been heard (The term 'ODX' refers to 'longest distance', so in this table ODX means the furthest that I my signals have been heard):
Hrd by number of stations
ODX (km)
Avg Distance (km)
Hrd in DXCC
Lowest SNR reported
Highest SNR reported
WW QRA locator Squares:
So from this I can see that on 10m there have only been reports from single hop sporadic E openings and the average distance on that band is quite short at just under 800km. This short distance is due to the MUF being high and the skip distance decreasing as a result of the higher angle reflections. I have not spent much time on 10m because the high MUF sent me packing up to 6m where the band would usually be open. There have been multi-hop Es on 10m, but I have been on 6m when these have been about! On the 20 and 30m bands there is not much to choose between them and the average distance is about that of a single F-layer hop. The 40m average is about half the distance so my antenna must have quite a high angle of take off to reflect at this short distance. Experiments like this are interesting in assessing antenna effectiveness. I can see that even though my antenna is 3/4 of a wavelength above ground, it is physically short (a quarter wave in length, but the feed arrangement does not make it an efficient DX antenna on this band). However it does seem to be suited to local/semi local (i.e. within the UK and Europe) working - with the odd longer distance QSO possible when conditions are favourable. Looking at the signal to noise ratios (SNR) there is a huge difference between the strongest and weakest (44dB - that means that the best SNR is over 20,000 times stronger than the worst SNR!). -33dB is extremely weak and must be right at the very limit of the decoding capability of the software. To quantify this and put it into figures that are more easily understood, say I was running 1 watt output and my signal was received with an SNR of -33dB, in order for me to improve that report by 10dB, I would, in theory, need to increase my output by 10 times (which is 10dB), therefore I would need to run 10w. To increase my received SNR by a further 10dB another 10 times power increase is needed - taking my output power to 100w (10x10w). A further 10dB increase (giving a 30dB overall increase) would take the power output to 1kW (1000w) or a 1000 times our starting power. Reversing the situation, let's see how that kind of change would affect the s-meter of a receiver. S-meters are not usually that accurate and calibration can be all over the place. there is a standard though and that is 6dB per s-point, so if we say the worst SNR gave a reading of s1, the best SNR would indicate just over s7. If we were talking about pure signal strength this would be the case, but with Signal to Noise ratios this would not be true as we are talking about dB above the noise level and dB below the noise level. The human ear can decode CW signals down to about -15dB or possibly -18dB SNR but certainly not much, if at all, lower than that (and believe me, that is a weak signal and takes all your concentration to hear it!). That is still a good 15-18dB above the weakest SNR that WSPR has decoded my signals at!
ROS is a fairly new mode that is in it's first year or two of use. ROS uses multiple tones over a 2kHz or 500Hz bandwidth, (the frequencies for each mode/bandwidth are hard coded in the software which is causing some annoyance amongst some users. ROS has three main speeds, 16 baud, 8 baud and 4 baud. There are some special modes, such as 7bd/100Hz for 136 and 502kHz (and 80m for some reason), plus an 'EME' mode for use on 2m and some other bands, for weak signal work as it has, in theory at least, the capability to decode signals that have a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of -35dB, which is even lower than WSPR. There are, however, questions as to the legality of using the mode on HF in North America, as spread spectrum is not allowed below 222MHz and the authorities are still undecided if ROS is SS or not.
This will all be hammered out as the mode grows. It will either become widely used or, as is sometimes the case, just disappear through lack of interest. Only time will tell on that. One thing that has come to light is that ROS has just been accepted into the ADIF standard (Amateur Data Interchange Format), which is the common 'language' that is used for exporting and importing log data. Also eQSL.cc (the electronic QSL exchange centre) has updated it's system to accept ROS QSO's.
Click on pic below to hear the sound of 16 tone, 500Hz ROS
To download the software and users guide: http://rosmodem.wordpress.com - it is worth checking there at least weekly as new versions are being released frequently in response to users requests for features etc. (the latest version is v 7.0.8). Here are the latest frequencies, as of May 2012. Note: these are considerably different to the previous version that appeared on this page.
136 kHz
500 kHz
1840 kHz
3583 kHz
3585 kHz
3587 kHz
3589 kHz
5367 kHz
7040 kHz
7044 kHz
7046 kHz
7048 kHz
10132 kHz
10134 kHz
14101 kHz
14103 kHz
14116 kHz
14118 kHz
18107 kHz
18111 kHz
21110 kHz
21115 kHz
24916 kHz
24926 kHz
28185 kHz
28295 kHz
50245 kHz
144160 kHz
144980 kHz
432097 kHz
There is a buzz of excitement as Joe Taylor, K1JT, has now released the first version of WSJT 9 - which can be downloaded from: http://www.physics.princeton.edu/pulsar/K1JT/wsjt.html There are some new modes in this version although I have not had time to investigate them as work is very busy at the moment and will be for another few weeks. There was a brief beta test version of WSJT, version 8, that investigated a host of new modes and this research and it's findings have gone into producing the public release of version 9. I will provide more information on these modes as it becomes available (screenshots and mp3's etc). It's a busy time in digimodes, there always seems to be a new mode or refinement of an existing mode being released. ROS is still finding it's feet and is under constant development - it still has its critics, but that is true of most modes but it does seem to be getting quite popular, although I doubt if it will ever be as widely used as, say, PSK31.
RSID is a method of identifying certain digimode signals. RSID stands for "Reed Soloman IDentifier". The way it works is that the station who is transmitting can, in certain software, enable RSID. When enabled, RSID sends out a numeric code in the form of an MFSK signal which is identified by the receiving software (if it is capable of RSID) and sends alerts to the user and advises of the mode used. This is particularly useful with the lesser used/recognised modes, however it can be rather tedious to have an alert every time someone starts transmitting in, say PSK31 or RTTY as these are extremely common modes and you can find yourself inundated with alerts. In some software RSID can be configured to be active for certain modes only. In DM780, a box appears on the desktop alerting the user to a transmission and gives the frequency and mode (such as Olivia 23/1000 on 1500Hz) and you can tune to that transmission by clicking on the alert box which will change the mode and frequency of your radio (providing you have computer/software control set up).
Video ID is different to RSID in that it can be seen by anyone using software with a waterfall display. Again, video ID is enabled in the transmitting software and it is not supported by every software. If you are watching a waterfall trace, you may, at the end of the transmission, see some text or even a crude picture in the actual waterfall - this is video ID and confuses many people who have not seen it before.
Below are some less common modes, together with sound files. This list is certainly not exhaustive (not by a long, long way!) but it might just give you an idea of what that strange noise was that you heard when tuning around on SW. New data modes are emerging all the time and it is difficult to keep up with them. I usually follow the development of new modes that I think might interest me - some of these modes become popular, some much less so.
Unfortunately I do not have waterfall traces for these signals yet, but I will endeavor to track some of these signals down and capture them (that's why they call it 'hunting' :)
For technical details of the modes below, and others, visit: http://f1ult.free.fr/DIGIMODES/MULTIPSK/ (where some of the following information has been verified/sourced.)
SITOR: SITOR is a commercial teletype mode it means SImplex Teletype Over Radio) used for sending text messages between stations, SITOR may be run in interactive (ARQ - Automatic Repeat reQuest) mode, which is known as SITOR-A (also called AMTOR). When SITOR is run in broadcast (FEC - Forward Error Correction) mode, it is known as SITOR-B (or NAVTEX). The mode uses special error correction techniques. There are many ARQ and TOR modes to be found on the HF bands, SWEDISH ARQ, G-TOR and CLOVER are just some. If you start investigating, you will be surprised by just how many commercial digital modes are in use.
CHIP: This mode was created by IZ8BLY back in 2005. Chip is a PSK mode which uses "Spread Spectrum" modulation and comes in 2 variants, Chip64 and Chip128. Chip has a bandwidth of almost 600Hz, but is an extremely robust mode and has a good throughput speed.
ALE: (Automatic Link Establishment), is now finding more use in amateur circles, thanks to the efforts of the writers of some of the multimode decoders, such as MultiPSK. ALE, when running correctly, can initiate and establish connections between two stations without human intervention (hence the 'Automatic' part.)
PAX, PAX2: PAX is another MFSK mode which is derived from Olivia. PAX2 is the same as PAX but runs at a higher baud rate (62.5bd for PAX and 125bd for PAX2), therefore PAX2 is twice as fast as PAX but requires a better signal to noise ratio. The following frequencies are used for PAX/2: 3.590, 7.042, 10.148 and 14.075MHz .
STANAG: Used by the military, comes in many different variations. Pretty much all Stanag traffic is encrypted. STANAG 4285 is the NATO standard for HF communication. It consists of several sub modes (75-2400 bps) and two different interleaving options (short and long). The receiver should be in USB mode and provide flat frequency response from 600 Hz to 3000 Hz. Another Stanag mode is 5066, which includes mode identification in it's data and can therefore be detected correctly by multimode auto detectors that are built into some software.
HFDL: HFDL stands for High-Frequency Data Link. It is used on the HF bands and is a comprehensive, global, air-ground, communications system. (It also uses VHF and satellite). ACARS (Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System) is part of this system and with the appropriate software, aircraft routes and progress can be seen on a pc screen. HFDL is a single-tone, phase-shift keyed, text-based, error-checking mode, with a base band audio carrier frequency of 1440 Hz. It is tuned in USB, and the 1440 Hz center is critical for decoding. (Thanks to Monitoring Times blog for the info on this)
NAVTEX: NAVTEX is a world-wide system which transmits navigational and meteorological warnings, and urgent information through coastal stations. Transmissions are on 490kHz (National NAVTEX, broadcasts in local languages) or 518kHz (International NAVTEX, in English), in FEC/SITOR-B mode with special coding. The receiver should be in USB on 489 or 517kHz. Transmissions are at fixed times, the schedules for which can be found on the internet (http://www.dxinfocentre.com/navtex.htm is one source).
NAVTEX transmission received on 518kHz on 9th October 09, the text shows the co-ordinates of two special buoys.
SYNOP: Synop is used by ships, and shore based weather stations to report prevailing conditions and forecasts. It is RTTY that has specially coded messages which allow the display of ships and weather buoys/stations and shows weather forecasts and conditions, when used in conjunction with the appropriate software. There is a SYNOP station on 10.101MHz in Germany, it runs at 50baud, with 425Hz shift and is reversed/inverted (when received on USB).
COQUELET: Screenshots and audio are being prepared. This mode is not used a great deal on HF but can sometimes be heard on 18.181MHz where there is an Algerian station (possibly a diplomatic service) that uses Coquelet and broadcasts some non encrypted text in French.
Using DM780 (part of the excellent and free Ham Radio Deluxe radio control, logbook and decoder package, by Simon Brown HB9DRV) and PSK Reporter (By Phil Gladstone) I am able to set my radio up on any one of the designated PSK31 frequencies and let it monitor for as long as I wish. Each time a callsign is decoded, it is logged, along with its WWlocator. These locators are shown on the PSK reporter page as pins in a scalable map (the map can be displayed as a map, a satellite image or a hybrid of both). Occasionally a callsign is recorded that is not correct (might be a fragmented call or a call that has been corrupted due to noise or QRM). These are surprisingly rare considering the amount of traffic that the program decodes and shows just how good the programming is. It is fascinating to see the map at the end of a monitoring session, and seeing what the chosen band has had to offer that day. I have been doing this for some months now and am noticing interesting propagation trends that tie in with established theory. Below are some screenshots from the DM780 program taken at various times and dates that illustrate the diversity of stations on the air. Some callsigns appear most days, others of course are only heard once.
Click on each map for a bigger and more detailed picture, then use your browser 'back' button to return here.
L-R: PSK31 stns on 20m (23 Aug 09); PSK31 stns on 20m (25 Sep 09); DXCC count on 20m PSK31 (2 weeks monitoring)
USA on 20m PSK31 (25 Sep 09); DXCC count on 20m PSK31 (1 month monitoring); Screenshot of 20m taken on 6 Oct 2009 showing stations heard on all 6 continents (for 'All Continents' awards, Antarctica is not counted) on 20m PSK31. Although I have shown stations from all continents, they were not the first heard from the particular continent. I have chosen the stations listed below because they have the shortest time frame from first to last.
Elapsed time between hearing the first continent and the last was a mere 53 minutes! just think how quick it could have been done if I was using good antennas!
It is not unusual for me to hear over 90 countries on PSK31 during the course of a week (last week was 96 for instance), certainly that has been the case over the spring/summer, with 50-60 countries per day being about average. - and that is at the sunspot MINIMA! I would think that in a few years time I should be hearing over 100 countries in a week without a problem. Bearing in mind I am using a very low antenna, it just goes to show that even when you think the bands are quiet and there is no propagation - most of the time you would be wrong! 20m has been open from early morning to late night, and probably 24 hours but I have not monitored in the small hours of the early morning - yet!
Below are some shots taken from the 'Spectrum Laboratory' program (freeware). Each shot covers about 1 hour of elapsed time and shows the amount of activity on the given sub band during that time. Click on each thumbnail for a full size image, together with explanatory text.
JT65-HF (Original version)
JT65-HF is no longer being developed by the author, but the project is far from dead, with at least 2 others producing different versions of the software (these are being called 'JT65HF Comfort'). The way the progams look and feel compared to the original is pretty similar, but each has a set of features different to the other. I will continue to host the original software and will provide links for the other 'forked' versions on the digital modes page.
I am pleased to offer this site as a mirror download site for the original JT65-HF software from Joe Large, W4CQZ.
Please click on the picture to download the setup EXE file for JT65-HF v1.09.3 (the latest/last version).
If you wish to download the previous version (1.07 - zip file, with instal instructions) click HERE
For more information on JT65, see my Digital Modes page
Since the demise of the 'Shortwave Log' Logging and control software by Bob Sillett, there has been nowhere that users can download the setup file. I have decided to host the setup file on this site, but it has to be remembered that some of the external databases will not be available or will have changed format during the time since the last edition was released.
Also bear in mind that you will require various other programs to be loaded onto your computer (from Microsoft and others) in order for SWLog to function. I offer no warranty or backup for this program, I am just acting as a host. If at anytime the author of SWLog contacts me and wishes me to remove the program from my site I shall, of course, comply with his wishes.
You may download the SWLog setup file (build 4460) by clicking HERE. I have scanned this file with various anti-malware and anti-virus programs and it shows as being clean. However, please ensure that you scan it with your preferred software before running it.
**If you have problems playing back the MP3 files please read this, it might help:- I found that Windows media player would not play one of my mp3's but Quicktime would. Having done some research I see it is a common problem with WMP. Use the free Apple Quicktime player or similar - also consider installing a codec pack (again many can be downloaded and installed for free) such as the AC3 codec pack and that will (or should allow you to play any, or most, mp3's you come across as well as other formats)**


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* Drought shrivels US corn crop to smallest in 5 years-analysts
* Weather forecasters see chance of some rain next week
* Officials in disaster-hit states promise help
By Ernest Scheyder
July 17 (Reuters) - Broiling heat blanketed much of the U.S. Midwest again on Tuesday, exacerbating the region's worst drought in more than 50 years and devastating corn, soy and other vital crops.
Across the country's agricultural heartland, elected officials met with farmers and ranchers affected by the growing disaster promising government relief.
In Missouri, Governor Jay Nixon announced on Tuesday that all 114 counties in the state have been designated as natural disaster areas due to the drought, making farmers eligible for government loans or other assistance.
Before Tuesday, 17 counties had received disaster status.
In Iowa, Governor Terry Branstad convened a hearing to discuss the drought and its effect on the state's pork industry, which relies heavily on corn feed.
"It's important that we do all we can to help people through this difficult time," Branstad told local radio station KILJ. "And obviously more rain would help."
Although weather forecasters said some parts of the parched region might get some rain next week and help pull corn prices off near-record highs, analysts slashed their forecasts for U.S. corn production by another 7 percent on Tuesday, a Reuters poll found.
From Chicago to St. Louis to Omaha, Nebraska, temperatures eclipsed 100 Fahrenheit (37.8 Celsius) and the National Weather Service issued heat advisories across Midwest and mid-Atlantic states.
Many of the heat advisories don't expire until next week. Temperatures in Kansas City, Kansas, for instance, are expected to hit 104 F (40 C) on Wednesday. In Topeka, the intense heat is drying up soil so far beneath the surface that water lines are cracking.
So far this month, 2,202 heat records have been broken across the United States and another 787 tied, according to the National Climatic Data Center.
Another 14 U.S. cities set new record highs by 8 p.m. EDT (0000 GMT) on Tuesday, according to Accuweather.com, including St. Louis, Milwaukee, Detroit and Syracuse, which all topped out above 100 F.
Those temperatures have contributed to the worst drought since 1956, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said in a report posted on its website.
About 55 percent of the contiguous United States is in a drought, just as corn plants should be pollinating, a period when adequate moisture is crucial. The United States ships more than half of all world exports of corn, which is made into dozens of products, from starch and ethanol to livestock feed.
"We're moving from a crisis to a horror story," said Purdue University agronomist Tony Vyn. "I see an increasing number of fields that will produce zero grain."
The soonest rain is expected in the Midwest is the middle of next week, said Jason Nicholls, meteorologist for AccuWeather.
The new forecast calls for rains of 0.2 to 0.7 inch (5 mm to 18 mm) around the region, up from earlier outlooks of 0.1 to 0.6 inch.
The dry weather and intense heat likely will continue through August, further damaging the corn crop, AccuWeather said.
Corn prices are at 13-month highs and have surged 45 percent this summer, with analysts expecting the lingering drought to result in the smallest U.S. corn crop in five years.
As the worst drought since the Eisenhower administration begins to expand to the northern and western Midwest, areas that had previously been spared, analysts are slashing corn yield estimates by the hour.
"We need soaking rains now. We need two-to-three-inches and that's not in the forecast," AgResource Co analyst Dan Basse said.
In April concern mounted that near-record spring corn plantings would sharply increase supply and push corn prices below $5 per bushel.
Now, because of the drought, corn prices are flirting with $8 per bushel, and that could boost food prices.
With much of the Midwest pasture laid waste by the drought and ranchers facing climbing feed costs, many ranchers have begun liquidating their herds, which could translate into higher prices for meat next year.
"Based on my conversations with producers, I would say 75 percent of the corn crop in the heart of the drought is beyond help," said grains analyst Mike Zuzolo, president of Global Commodity Analytics & Consulting in Lafayette, Indiana.
Weather problems were also reported in Eastern Europe and Asia, mirroring drought that dented Argentina and Brazil's last harvest.
Black Sea grain producer Kazakhstan was preparing for a below-average crop this year due to an "alarming" drought in the country's main growing regions.
The United Nations food agency said earlier this month that the U.S. drought was expected to see global food prices snap three months of declines in its July figures.
The drought is even harming equipment makers. Shares of Deere & Co, the world's largest maker of tractors and combines, fell on Tuesday after a JPMorgan analyst said the U.S. drought was likely to harm sales in 2013.

subset: commoncrawl


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Home > Floss & Wools
Model: Sem-flo-1723Bar Code: 886741053624Brand: SemperfliManufacturer: SemperfliMaterial Color: Dark Green
Floss has often been used as the body for flies, from trout to traditional salmon patterns. Typically these have been heavy, thick flosses. Semperfli team decided to change the rules, creating a thin floss, just 400 Denier that could be used for smaller trout flies and simply doubled over for use on Salmon patterns including classic salmon flies. By creating a thinner fly tying floss the capabilities and uses of this stunning material are enhanced so it can be used as the body for flies of many sizes.
Customers who bought this item also bought:
Tel:UK 01757 333001USA: 212-796-0874International: +44 1757 333001
Semperfli Fly Tying Materials LtdCompany Registration: 9008003Hazel Lodge, 35C Bondgate,Selby, North Yorkshire,England, YO8 3LX


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Please be patient. Blogs for days 2 and 4 are coming...I just found the entries. I didn't have a computer to work with on the trip like some other lucky people. But soon and very soon. At least for now, you have a general overview.
It takes a little time sometimes...
composed by Jennifer Bulthuis 3 notes
Day #5 New Orleans: Impressions that Last
Christians always say that on a short-term missions trip you come back more changed than the people you helped. That only seems to be natural to me since as Christians we are supposed to constantly be changed and formed into the image of Christ. (Although this trip wasn't a missions trip, leaders at the church said the same thing to us.)
I wasn't shocked in the emotional sense when I saw the destroyed homes. Rather it was when I heard the stories of loss of family, friends and of the life people knew, that I hurt for these people. But the overall picture was difficult to grasp. The long-term affects on the city of New Orleans is great indeed. A whole city destroyed. Ghost towns everywhere. Scraps of houses. Economically, the material can all be re-built, but the real problem is that the people are gone. Some may come back, those who have no else to go are still there, but many cannot and will not come back.
In the midst of all this disaster, I was amazed to see what relief is being offered. One evening at the church, a lady shared a small story. The owner of the house she had worked at that day was a local artist. He had gone to a meeting of an artist committee in the New Orleans area recently in which they discussed Katrina. They agreed that for 9-11, the heroes were the fireman and policemen who risked their lives to save the victims. "Who, though" they asked, "were the heroes of Katrina? Who was stepping up and sacrificing?" The artist and other men discussed these questions and concluded that it was the Christians who were the heroes.
What an amazing thing to be said. God's people are following his call and showing His love to these in need. His body is acting as He would like it. I don't think that artist could have said anything greater. What a chance to impact. An impression with a lasting impact.
What was even more interesting was that from this story the pastor of the church began to explain his experience after Katrina. Right after the disaster had hit, a missionary was visiting him who had helped in the tsunami relief earlier this year. This was a huge blessing for the pastor. As they talked, the missionary shared that from the relief Christians have provided for Muslims that had been hit by the tsunami, Christianity has spread. The Muslim people saw that the Christians met their practical needs, where as Islam had done nothing to help them at all. These people, who hated Christianity, were suddenly open to hearing what Christians had to say.
Another lasting impression.
composed by Jennifer Bulthuis 4 notes
Day #3: The Contrast of the Two
The people we helped move were parents of the sound technician at Trinity Church, Liam. When we pulled up to the house, I was a little surprised at how nice the neighborhood was and little damage it appeared to have.
Mandeville, Louisiana had not been flooded. The winds had come to knock over trees and take out some roofs, but in comparison there was minor damage. Kathleen, whose house it was we helped pack up, was a kind woman, who, although, she didn't admit it at first, was not ready to leave. She couldn't decide where the boxes she had packed should go; to her everything she had was fragile. At first her indecisions was ok. About an hour into the process she was driving me crazy, and then two hours into it, I realized how much she was hurting. It was a sea of emotion she was trying to swim through. 55 years in New Orleans, this all she knew.
One thing she said to us which I thought through quite a bit later was "I feel so bad with all my stuff, when people here have lost everything, and I haven't lost any…but then again, I have to move. We've lost our jobs. How sad to leave and to leave these people in need." Kathleen was definitely learning to let go, and for here it wasn't the material possessions she owned. It was the more important things—the people she knew the family she loved and the house, which represented the life she knew.
At lunch time (her husband bought us Quiznos subs) we asked the man of the house about the specifics of Katrina's damage to New Orleans and the history of the city.
It was incredible to hear all the history and terrible to see what happened from the hurricane. As we finished lunch, one of the neighbors, Miss Sarah, brought us ice cream. As we sat and talked with her, the "Red Hat" ladies appeared. Liam's great aunt, who was 91 years old and her sister, Ursula or 83 years, stopped by to say "hey y'all". Miss Ursula had lost her house in Mississippi. She told us about how it was completely destroyed—all of her antique furniture, her husband's possessions (who had passed away 5 years before) gone. Her reaction to it all caught me the most. "It's all material right. Only material." And I could see as I watched her how tough it had been to come to that point. The only thing she knew for certain at this point was that she was visiting her sister. The two together were quite the pair: they had set up a game of bunko for later in the evening, and they were regular members of the "Red Hat" Society.
At the end of this day, I was more emotionally exhausted than I had been physically exhausted the night before. Meeting these people and learning their stories was worth more than anything else. In a way, it was far greater service than cleaning out a moldy house.
composed by Jennifer Bulthuis 2 notes
Day #1 New Orleans: The First Flash
Everything has been a dizzy, hazy, blur. Just moving along, not actually knowing or feeling much. Then suddenly, we are flying into New Orleans and I begin to see it. I tried desperately to peer over the Joe between me and the plane window.
First flash was water, swamps all around, and a small river. Houses began to appear. Most of them looked fairly nice. Was this the New Orleans I had heard about on the news with snipers and destruction everywhere? I guess it is true that appearances almost always are deceiving. The next second a huge pile of rubbage came into view, what used to houses. More houses dotted the landscape, some completely perfect and some with junk piles spread in between. An occasional roof was covered with a blue tarp, which I later leaned signified the house had lots its roof.
Overall, it didn't seem THAT shocking. One of the guys sitting near a girl on our team shared that the specific route the plane flew was the through the least affected area. Finally, we left the airport and headed of New Orleans to Covington over the "World's longest bridge" Not kidding—30 miles long. To be honest, it was 30 miles of disappointment to me. It was hardly a bridge, just a low-lying road over water. It was pretty though because all we could see what water. I feel like there will be some interesting dynamics at the church, Trinity Church, where we're staying. I think some people are getting grumpy from the tight living situations. I'm anticipating a great experience though. The people I've met so far are more than kind. It's all in God's hands now.
composed by Jennifer Bulthuis 1 notes


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or access the Catalog Databases or eJournals directly
Library resources are accessed openly by Case wired computers or by using the Case Wireless network. If connecting in any other method, please install, turn on, and log into VPN.
At the bottom of the KSL homepage, a green light says you have full access.


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Solar power is not an investment. It is a religion.
This church comes complete with acolytes, rituals, mythology and above all, punishment for apostates who refuse to go along with deeply held, thinly documented beliefs about global warming and solar power.
As I have found out on several occasions over the last several years when I wrote about how solar energy and Green Technology are lousy investments.
I was among the first to write about Solyndra — mostly in amazement that the hundreds of reporters who cover the President were not aware he was giving a speech at a company whose own auditors said it was going out of business.
I also urged my clients and listeners to my radio show to short First Solar FSLR, +4.10%, which we did at $121.37 last year, thank you very much. Today, it is on life support at $27.
Sell everything under the sun, I said. With all the recent bankruptcies and withdrawn IPO's in the solar business, there is a lot less to sell. But it is still a sound strategy.
Just a few weeks ago, I wrote a column for TheStreet.com about the biggest and least known pitfall of solar investing: The panels do not work that well and often the owners do not know it.
Sometimes, they do not even care; a lot of people install solar for public relations, not energy generation.
True believers from the High Holy Church of Solar Power were quite unhappy. Of the hundreds of solar users who commented on my articles, not one refuted one fact. But they did not like that I peeked behind the curtain and noticed their wizard was not as big or as wonderful as they dream he is.
Many reporters are True Believers in solar. That is why we hear so much good news about such a lousy investment.
Now we come to Solar City and its plans to bring an IPO to market.
Solar City does not make panels. It assembles them on your rooftop. Then pays you a rental fee based on how much power is generated.
Over the last five years, federal, state and local governments were subsidizing solar installations so much that many of the projects were basically free. That is why we saw so many solar projects sprouting up like mushrooms.
Now that party is almost over. The appetite for spending billions of dollars to subsidize Al Gore's pipe dreams is not there anymore.
With one exception: Many state governments still require utilities to use a certain amount of renewable energy, such as solar. But even that is under increasing scrutiny.


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Troubleshooting & help
Common questions
What are the volume licensing options available to purchase Adobe products?
Adobe Buying Programs provide options for you to purchase, manage, and deploy Adobe products throughout your organization.
- Adobe's Value Incentive Plan provides a cost-effective, easy way to deploy always up-to-date versions of Creative Cloud and Acrobat DC subscriptions across your organization. Make the most of your VIP membership, with VIP Select.
- Students, teachers, and educational institutions can purchase Adobe software using the Education program. Also check the Primary and Secondary institution eligibility guidelines.
- Adobe offers nonprofit pricing discounts in our VIP (Value Incentive Plan) and TLP (Transactional Licensing Program) programs globally. See if your organization is eligible for Adobe nonprofit prices.
- If you're located in the People's Republic of China, see this list of common questions on subscription licensing through the Value Incentive Plan (VIP).
What is Creative Cloud for enterprise?
Can I set up administrators with different roles on the Admin Console?
Using the Adobe Admin Console, organizations can define a flexible administrative hierarchy that enables fine-grained management of Adobe product access and usage.
Can I use Single Sign-On (SSO) to access Adobe products and services?
The Adobe Admin Console offers a method for enterprise users to authenticate with Adobe enterprise offerings using their existing identity management systems via integration with Single Sign-On (SSO) enabled identity management systems. Get more information on how to plan and configure SSO in your organization.
Are my organization's files secure and encrypted?
All files and assets on Creative Cloud and Document Cloud are encrypted. For additional layers of control and security, you can choose to have Adobe generate a dedicated encryption key for some or all of the domains in your organization.
Admin Console
How do I get started with the Admin Console?
The Admin Console is where all the action is. You must have received an email inviting you to join your organization as an Administrator. Accept the invitation before you access the Admin Console. If you've already accepted the invitation, you're ready to start. Not an Enterprise admin? Learn how to sign in with an Enterprise ID.
What are the different administrative roles available on the Admin Console?
Using the Admin Console, your organization can define a flexible administrative hierarchy that enables fine-grained management of Adobe product access and usage.
How do I manage users and products on the Admin Console?
User Management enables you to create, search, update, and remove user accounts. These user accounts entitle the end users in your organization to Adobe products and services.
Your organization purchases Adobe enterprise plans offering access to various Adobe products and services. Get details on how to fine-tune the usage of these plans and services.
Is there a way for me to monitor the status of Adobe services and find out about planned maintenance events?
What are the supported identity types?
Adobe uses an underlying identity management system to authenticate and authorize users. You will need to plan and then setup your user identities based on your requirements. You can choose from Adobe IDs, Enterprise IDs, or Federated IDs.
How do I create Enterprise IDs?
Does the Admin Console support Single-Sign On?
The Admin Console uniquely supports a range of user identification methods including Federated ID/Single Sign-On. It integrates with a range of SAML2.0-compliant identity providers.
Read more about how enterprise users authenticate with Adobe enterprise offerings using their existing identity management systems via integration with Single Sign-On (SSO) enabled identity management systems.
Can I automate user management tasks?
The User Sync tool provides an easy way to sync users from your existing Directory Services (such as Microsoft Active Directory), with the Adobe Admin Console. Download or fork simple Python-based open source tool User Sync tool on github.
The User Management API provides access to the Adobe user accounts that are associated with your organization. You can integrate this API into your organization's administrative applications and processes.
Users and groups
How do I invite users to the Admin Console?
As an Enterprise IT administrator, User Management enables you to create, search, update, and remove user accounts. These user accounts entitle the end users in your organization to Adobe products and services.
How do I grant licenses to users?
When you purchase a product from Adobe, a license represents your right to use Adobe software and services. Licenses are used to authenticate and activate the products on the end user's computers.
What should I do when I upgrade from teams (VIP) to ETLA?
As you upgrade from teams (VIP) to ETLA, to insure no lapse in end-user product access, you must assign licenses in the Admin Console before the existing VIP subscription term ends.
Join the conversation.


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The New York saga of Mike D'Antoni was a fascinating one. This man, exiled from the desert, came east to the concrete jungle, in an attempt to bring a once glorious franchise from the doldrums of the NBA. In 2008, D'Antoni took on a monumental challenge by coming to New York. Sure, the Knicks paid D'Antoni $24 million over 4 years, but the situation in which he was entering was among the worst in professional sports. From 2001 through the 2007-2008 season, the Knickerbockers accumulated a record of 218-356. They had gone though 7 head coaches, 2 general managers and 1 sexual harassment lawsuit. The Knicks were the NBA's version of Gommorah. Madison Square Garden had become a wasteland in which careers and reputations came to die.
Mike D'Antoni and general manager Donnie Walsh were pinned with the task of turning around arguably the most poorly run franchise in sports. D'Antoni, a gold medal winning assistant coach, was a successful head coach in Phoenix. In four full seasons as Suns head coach, D'Antoni's teams accumulated a record of 232-96. Phoenix made the playoffs in all four seasons and made the Western Conference finals twice. A rift with general manager Steve Kerr resulted in the widely regarded "offensive genius" losing his job.
In 2008, Donnie Walsh was hired as the general manager of the New York Knicks. Owner James Dolan did not want to hire him, but NBA commissioner David Stern insisted that Dolan do so. Walsh's first move was to fire incumbent head coach, and Dolan's right hand man, Isiah Thomas. His next move was to hire Mike D'Antoni as the head coach. From then on, Walsh and D'Antoni were tied at the hip.
For the next two seasons, the Knicks organization had their sights set on one goal. It wasn't winning a championship, or even making the playoffs. Their goal was to land the king fish of the illustrious 2010 free agent class; Cavaliers forward LeBron James. Reaching this goal was not easy. Former head coach/president of basketball operations Isiah Thomas left an absolute mess for the new regime. The Knicks roster was stricken with bad attitudes, limited talent and horrible contracts.
For two long seasons, the Walsh/D'Antoni tandem worked more as a team of babysitters, rather than basketball aficionados. Rather than focusing on winning games, the two men were forced to clean up the mess left by Thomas. Walsh continually blew up the roster in order to clear cap space for the 2010 free agency period. Expiring contracts and washed up veterans littered the Knick roster during the 2008 and 2009 seasons. To make things worse, the two men never had the full support of Dolan. Walsh's toes were continually stepped on by Dolan's oafishly large feet. He never had full autonomy of the Knick front office. D'Antoni was never a favorite of Dolan, a trust fund baby who knows nothing about basketball.
By 2010, Walsh and D'Antoni had put the organization in position to land LeBron James. It was widely believed during the 2009 season that James would be taking his talents to New York. While James took his time making a decision, the Knicks proactively made an early splash in free agency. They signed 6'11 forward Amar'e Stoudemire to a 5 year $99.7 million dollar contract. Stoudemire's signing insured the Knicks would have at least one star, and they believed Stoudemire could help lure James to the big apple. However, James took the easy road out and teamed up with his friends, Dwayne Wade and Chris Bosh, in Miami.
Walsh then turned around and built the team around Stoudemire. He built a team that could succeed while running D'Antoni's speed ball offense. Incumbents Wilson Chandler, Danilo Gallinari and Toney Douglas were joined by free agents Raymond Felton and Shawne Williams, and draft pick Landry Fields. It was a tailor made D'Antoni roster. They weren't the most talented team, but they were exciting and they played hard. Led by the "offensive genius", the 2010 Knicks got off to a 21-14 start. For the first time since the days of Houston and Ewing, there was electricity at Madison Square Garden. Amar'e Stoudemire was having an MVP-caliber season and the Knicks were on track to make the playoffs. There was excitement in the Garden and it was fun to watch basketball in New York again. Then Carmelo happened.
Over the summer of 2010, Stoudemire, Nuggets forward Carmelo Anthony, and Hornets guard Chris Paul made a toast to play together in New York. During the 2010 season, Anthony requested a trade from Denver to New York. This was a move that Mike D'Antoni did not want to make. This was a move that Donnie Walsh wanted to make, but only for the right price. Dolan did not care about the sentiment of either man. Dolan knew that Anthony would sell jerseys, t-shirts and tickets. He had to have Anthony. On February 11th, 2011, Dolan traded away five Knicks players, four draft picks and cash to bring in Anthony and point guard Chauncey Billups. D'Antoni's roster was gutted for a star he didn't want and a point guard who did not fit his style. Dolan had undermined both his general manager and his head coach. Dolan viewed not getting James as a failure. He never wanted Walsh in power and D'Antoni was Walsh's man, not Dolan's.
The Carmelo Anthony trade was James Dolan's way of flexing his muscles and showcasing his power. The writing was on the wall for both D'Antoni and Walsh.
The 2010 season ended in a first round playoff loss to Boston. The Knicks were swept in 4 games, but suffered key injures that hampered them in games two, three and four. Nevertheless, the hype and excitement around the Knicks was at its highest level since the Ewing days. Walsh's contract was up, but it was widely assumed that he would be back. Why wouldn't he be? He, along with D'Antoni, had brought the franchise from the bottom of the NBA to a franchise with a bright future. That wasn't good enough for Dolan. All Walsh wanted was full autonomy. Dolan, the business man, was unwilling to give Walsh full control over basketball decisions. On June 3, 2011, Donnie Walsh was relived of his duties. Having been exiled by Dolan, Walsh returned to Indiana and has not been heard from since. Mike D'Antoni had one year remaining on his contract. He was a dead man walking. He was never getting an extension from Dolan, simply because Dolan never wanted him there.
Heading into the 2011 season, D'Antoni headed a roster large on talent, but short on depth. The success of his point guard oriented offense was put in the hands of Toney Douglas, a career backup shooting guard. Given a lockout shortened season, an incompetent point guard and a superstar unwilling to run his system, D'Antoni's situation was far less than ideal. To make matters worse, Amar'e Stoudemire never found his rhythm after his postseason back injury. At 17 points per game and 47% shooting, Stoudemire is playing the worst basketball of his career. The Knicks offense struggled mightily as they got off to an 8-15 start. Fans were calling for D'Antoni's head before some guy named Jeremy Lin came along and saved the Knicks season. Or so we thought. During the "Linsanity" era, the Knicks were 7-1 with Lin as the starter and with Carmelo Anthony sitting on the bench with injury. At 16-16, the Knicks were hitting on all cylinders in Anthony's absence. Many questioned whether Anthony would destroy the Knicks run of unselfish team basketball. Anthony dismissed the notion that he was selfish and many Knicks fans bought in. They shouldn't have.
The Knicks were 16-16 when Carmelo Anthony returned from injury. When Mike D'Antoni resigned on Wednesday, the Knicks record sat at 18-24. Anthony's return was a disaster. Not only did he struggle with his jump shot, but he became increasingly impatient with the system. He was uncomfortable passing up shots and was ultimately unwilling to change his personal style to fit D'Antoni's team oriented system. Anthony wants to be the man to shoot 20 times a game, but under D'Antoni, that was never going to happen. Anthony became so unwilling to run D'Antoni's system that he actually highjacked plays and completely broke the offense. In addition to Anthony's return, the Knicks roster was overhauled with the additions of injured guard Baron Davis and free agent guard JR Smith. It was reported that D'Antoni did not want Smith in a Knick uniform either, but that did not stop the front office from signing him. D'Antoni's roster was once again in mid-season overhaul. D'Antoni, notorious for his short rotation, was forced to adjust to an 11 man rotation. The lame duck coach struggled nightly to find successful rotations and player combinations. The Knicks dysfunction peaked Monday night in Chicago in a loss to the Bulls. Anthony's effort level reached an all time low and the Knicks lost their 6th straight game. Late in the 4th quarter, Anthony highjacked a called play and was denied the ball by teammate Landry Fields. The embattled forward was livid and threw a mini-tantrum on the court. D'Antoni had seen enough. Two days later, he resigned as head coach of the New York Knicks.
Mike D'Antoni was not perfect as head coach of the Knicks, but he did not deserve the treatment that he received from Anthony and the front office. Even when Walsh was the general manager, D'Antoni never had the full support of Dolan and his clan of moronic advisors. The Knicks fan base also was rough on D'Antoni. For whatever reason, D'Antoni has been judged by many Knick fans for his first two seasons as coach of the Knicks. Mike D'Antoni's legacy cannot be determined by his first two seasons. He was baby-sitting a roster that was built to lose. Those two seasons were used to clear cap space and roster space for 2010. To fairly critique Mike D'Antoni, you must only look at the 2010 season and the 42 games he coached in the 2011 season. Was he flawless as head coach? Absolutely not. Despite my avid support of coach D'Antoni, I have had my issues with some of his coaching decisions. That being said, this man did an admirable job coaching the New York Knicks. Under his watch, the Knicks were re-born last season. Even after the Anthony trade last season, D'Antoni led the Knicks to a seven game winning streak to set them up for the playoffs. The D'Antoni coached Knicks made the playoffs for the first time since 2003. D'Antoni was asked to adjust and hire a defensive coach. He did that in bring Mike Woodson onto his staff. The Knicks rank in the top 10 defensively this season. Without Mike D'Antoni, there would be no "Linsanity". This coach put up with a lot of things that other coaches simply would not have. As if the crucible of coaching at Madison Square Garden isn't enough, D'Antoni was coaching without the support of management, with a revolving door of a roster, and with a franchise player unwilling to run his system.
In order to understand Mike D'Antoni's impact on this team, you must look back at the last decade of Knicks basketball with perspective. This team had no talent, no class and no direction. Under Mike D'Antoni and Donnie Walsh, the Knicks organization was transformed. The two men brought talent and hope to this franchise. Both men handled their business with class, despite the fact that they were shown none by James Dolan. It pains me as a fan to see the potential that this team had. If not for Dolan's hunger for power, Donnie Walsh would still be the general manager of this team. Walsh and D'Antoni were a team. Who knows what this roster would look like if Walsh were still around? Odds are that Walsh would have built a fluid basketball team as opposed to this fantasy basketball team of misfitting pieces that has been built by the current regime. There is no doubt that this team has talent, but it cannot be disputed that D'Antoni was trying to fit square pegs into round holes. D'Antoni may not have done a perfect job, but he deserved better than how he was treated. It was completely unfair for him to be forced out by a selfish star player. In the end, it came down to Garden politics and Mike D'Antoni lost.
The big rumor in New York now centers around Phil Jackson and the Knicks soon to be vacant coaching job. If in 2008 you said to me, "Walsh and D'Antoni will put the Knicks in position to grab Phil Jackson in 2012", I would have taken that scenario in a heartbeat. Sure, Walsh and D'Antoni were not perfect. They made mistakes, just as all head coaches and executives in NBA history have made. Nobody is perfect. These guys did a damn good job. I believe if not for Dolan, they would have done a great job. Regardless, the Knicks have the talent to potentially make this team special. The future is uncertain for these Knicks, but the past contributions of Walsh and D'Antoni must be appreciated.
Thank you, coach D'Antoni and Mr. Walsh. This fan/blogger appreciates what you did for this franchise. I know I'm not the only one who appreciates what these men accomplished, what they had to deal with. They brought a degree of function to a franchise marred in dysfunction. In the end, dysfunction won, but these men must be appreciated. Next time you look at your Amar'e jersey or Melo shoes or Lin T-shirt, just remember that none of this was possible without coach Mike D'Antoni and general manager Donnie Walsh leading this team.Follow @tarmosino


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Menuless let's you individually change the 'Presentation Mode' of Cocoa applications (like Safari, Pages, myPhotoEdit etc.). You can apply to 'auto'hide' the Menu and the Dock when the application is running or to completely disable the dock icon Thus you can have more space on small screens and individually reduce distractions - this helps a lot to concentrate on your work. Especially when working with a small MacBook/MacBook Air.
What's New in Menuless
- Added option to directly drag on icon
- Added option to enable/disable dock icon
- Fixed some bugs


text: The magician has a card which is showing a little in his breast pocket. He goes to a person and asks to name a card. What ever the person says that is the card in the magicians pocket. He only has one card. I saw this on a hypnosis video compilation. Do you think it was a camera trick ? I really want to know if this trick exists then where can I get it from.


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Malkin Bringing Trainer Back to Moscowby Dan Rosen / Pittsburgh Penguins
Evgeni Malkin felt so strongly about the direction and training he received from Pittsburgh Penguins strength and conditioning coach Mike Kadar last summer in Moscow that soon after the season ended he told reporters the two would be back at it this summer.
The problem is, Malkin forgot to ask Kadar first.
Watch Evgeni Malkin's training sessions with Mike Kadar last summer:
"He walked into my office and said, 'Kadarov,' which is what he calls me, 'you come to Russia to help me this summer?'" Kadar told NHL.com, laughing as he started the story. "I said, 'Do you want me to?' He goes, 'I already tell media you go.' I was like, 'Well, I guess I'm going, Geno.'"
The Penguins, including general manager Ray Shero and coach Dan Bylsma, are elated that he is.
For two weeks last summer Kadar lived in a Marriott in Moscow and worked Malkin through the latter stages of his rehabilitation from right knee surgery. The result was a 109-point season that brought Malkin the Hart Trophy, Art Ross Trophy and Ted Lindsay Award.
Their bond was so strong and the training so necessary that Malkin asked Kadar to come for four weeks this summer. Kadar, who is not married and has no children, leaves Sunday and won't return to North America until Aug. 10.
"Evgeni showed last year from his rehab to his training with Mike Kadar just a different level of commitment off the ice and preparation coming into the season," Bylsma told NHL.com. "The good thing is instead of doing the two weeks, Mike is going to go there for almost four weeks. That to me is just another indication of Geno saying, 'Hey, I want to be at that level again.' That's pretty impressive."
Kadar doesn't want to take credit for Malkin's MVP season, but he does express pride in at least giving Malkin direction.
For instance, in all the time Malkin spent in Russia as a child and teenager developing into an elite hockey player, he never had a personal trainer. Kadar said he was "somewhat shocked" to learn that, especially because most of the players from Canada and the United States that he knows have had personal trainers for years.
"But then again, I never knew of his world prior to meeting Geno and spending time with him in North America," Kadar said. "I was a little bit shocked, but what does that tell you about Geno, how successful he's been without having someone to work with."
Kadar could tell the trust Malkin had with him was strong when he would introduce Malkin to new exercises.
"There would be some trepidation, but it worked out in the end for him," Kadar said. "Most of the time he'd just go, 'That's tough.' He's a smart guy. He catches on quickly."
Malkin also knows how to pay back. In an impromptu presentation in the Penguins locker room on April 8, Malkin gave Kadar half of the puck he used to score his 50th goal of the season the day before.
Malkin literally sawed the puck in half, keeping one side and presenting the other to Kadar as a gift for helping him reach the plateau for the first time.
Mike Kadar in Moscow
Kadar is going to use the puck, a picture of Malkin scoring the goal, a picture of him with Malkin and their half pucks, and the scoresheet signed by Malkin, Sidney Crosby and Kris Letang (the three players in on the goal) to create a framed piece to hang in his office.
"He gave me half of his 50th goal puck and said, 'Thank you for last summer.' I was blown away," Kadar said. "I got emotional about it because I have never experienced that, have never heard of that. I've heard of players giving it to players, but never to a staff member. I was proud of that."
Kadar immediately started showing it around the Penguins offices. He brought it to co-owner Mario Lemieux, whose response was, "What does that tell you about the guy you're dealing with?"
Bylsma said it still gives him goose bumps.
"The part of that story that is the best is it's not like Geno took a puck and just gave it to Mike and said, 'I don't need this, you take it.' He cut it in half and kept half," Bylsma said. "He didn't just toss it away. It's not just a guy who flipped the puck to him so we can tell a good story about it. It's a good achievement for him, and for me that was a real significant part of that. He shared the puck, but he showed that it meant something to him."
Returning to Russia means a great deal to Kadar, who is more comfortable this time because he knows exactly what he's flying into. Kadar experienced what can only be called major culture shock when he got to Moscow last year.
"When you go to New York you realize how busy it is. When you go to Moscow and come back to New York you realize how New York isn't that busy," Kadar said. "It was New York basically times about three. Just the traffic -- it is crazy busy. There are no speed limits. People go and then there is gridlock. It seems like nobody adheres to any speed limits, but with that type of volume."
Kadar isn't a typical tourist. Malkin takes care of the majority of the expenses, including a full-time driver who communicates with Kadar through a translation app on his iPad.
"Geno told the guy where I needed to go, but anything else I needed I would type it in English and translate it into Russian," Kadar said.
As for the training, like last summer, Kadar plans to spend a lot of time at Malkin's local gym, which he admitted is a bit antiquated but good enough for their needs. The rink, which Kadar referred to as "extremely old school" is a distance away, but he doesn't plan to have Malkin on the ice until August. They'll work out six days a week with a break on Sundays. Some days will include two workouts.
"Mike can go anywhere our players want, but it takes the commitment on the player's part," Shero told NHL.com. "To see the work he put in pay off, I think that meant a lot to Geno."
For Kadar, the experience makes the work and the sweat worthwhile.
"Geno was unbelievable in looking after me," Kadar said, referring to last year. "Sergei Gonchar was there as well. Between the two of them they treated me like I'm family."
Malkin and Gonchar took Kadar to the Moscow circus, a soccer game, a yacht tour on the Moscow River, and to plenty of exceptional and expensive dinners.
"And when I wasn't with them, I was walking around trying to learn things on my own," Kadar said. "I didn't know anything outside of the 'Rocky' movie. It was definitely something a lot different than what I thought it was. It's a beautiful place with so much culture and history."
It's also home to the reigning NHL MVP. Kadar deserves some credit for that.
"How important is Mike to Geno?" Bylsma asked. "Geno will tell you how important he is. It's the reason it is happening again this summer."


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Updates on Allegany Trail Building Weekend
All the details are here:
I just got back from refreshing the flagging and things are looking great. This will be an awesome trail.
Finishing this trail this weekend is certainly doable, but we will need a great effort, so please try to make it one or both days. The weather is looking better on Sunday, so it is OK just to come that day if you are so inclined. Or even come down Sat. night and enjoy the campfire and the cookout.
However, the forecast for Saturday is actually just saying a "few showers" for only a couple of hours, and sun the rest of the time on Saturday, so that sounds like perfect trail building weather to me. What else are you going to be doing?
Remember to bring your bike! I have shuttled the tools out to the work place already, but you will have to shuttle yourself about 2 miles along a relatively wide, flat, and dry 2-track (Ridge Run) to get to the work spot. Best way is to ride out there.
Tags: Trail Work


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Ther. Class.
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fusion proteins (rDNA)
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Stop by our booth at the Cincinnati Boat Show and register to win a Yeti Cooler. The boat show Starts tomorrow 1/18/2019 thru 1/20/2019 and starts back up again on 1/23/2019 and runs thru 1/27/2019. Our booth number is 102.
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A Kirkland judge dropped the domestic violence assault case against former Husky Jerramy Stevens on Tuesday due to insufficient evidence.
Kirkland police arrested Stevens on Monday for allegedly assaulting and injuring former Husky and Olympic gold medalist Hope Solo during a house party altercation between eight people. Solo, who was at the Kirkland Municipal Court Tuesday afternoon, is believed to be Steven's fiance, but his attorney wouldn't confirm.
"The issue here is whether the crime was committed and the answer is 'no,'" said Steven's lawyer, Todd Maybrown. "No crime was committed, she was not assaulted (by him)."
Kirkland police officers were dispatched to a disturbance call in the 6400 block of N.E. 138th Place at 3:45 a.m. on Monday.
The call involved a physical altercation between eight people during a house party and the use of a stun gun.
Upon arrival, officers contacted several people at the residence who appeared to be intoxicated and were uncooperative as officers began their investigation.
Officers found a 31-year-old female suffering from a laceration to the elbow, a 32-year-old female suffering from a hip injury, and a 34-year-old male suffering from multiple bumps, scrapes and contusions. Kirkland Fire Department personnel treated the injuries.
Based on information provided by those involved and upon the officers' observations of the scene and visible evidence present, officers arrested Stevens on investigation of fourth-degree domestic violence assault on the female resident who suffered a laceration to her elbow, believed to be Solo. The victim was reported to be the fiancée of Stevens, according to Kirkland police. The investigation was forwarded to Kirkland's Family Violence Unit Detective for further investigation.
The female with the hip injury and the male with multiple scrapes and bruises indicated they had been assaulted by a male who had come to the party and fled prior to police arrival. They could only provide a vague description of this subject and stated they did not know him.
Stevens has a history of prior convictions.
"Perhaps he doesn't get a fair shake because people look at that past history, whatever it is, and reach conclusions that they shouldn't reach," said Maybrown.
Stevens will be released from the Kirkland jail at some point Tuesday.


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Meet at the Information Desk for a tour of the highlights of the permanent collection of paintings and sculpture led by one of our friendly, knowledgeable docents. No reservations are required.
Meet at the special exhibition entrance for a guided tour of Wild Spaces, Open Seasons: Hunting and Fishing in American Art. This is the first major exhibition to explore the multifaceted meanings of such outdoor subjects in both painting and sculpture from the early nineteenth century to World War II. This exhibition encompasses a wide variety of portraits, landscapes, still lifes, and genre scenes, including iconic works by Thomas Cole, Thomas Eakins, Winslow Homer, and Augustus Saint-Gaudens, as well as key pictures by specialists in the category such as Charles Deas, Alfred Jacob Miller, William T. Ranney, and Arthur Fitzwilliam Tait. No reservations required.
This fall, the museum presents a special exhibition titled Wild Spaces, Open Seasons: Hunting and Fishing in American Art. In conjunction with the exhibition, we are inviting a panel of experts to discuss sustainability, local food sources, and environmental advocacy with museum curators Shirley Reece-Hughes and Maggie Adler.
Guests include Chef Marcus Paslay (owner of Clay Pigeon and Piatello), Reid Wittliff (advisory board member at the Texas Chapter of the Nature Conservancy and President of the Blanco Valley Wildlife Management Association); Becca Knutson (from the Tarrant County Food Policy Council and Community Garden Coordinator for the Tarrant Area Food Bank); and Rachel Richter (Urban Wildlife Biologist for Texas Parks and Wildlife).


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Actor Dennis Haysbert doesn't visit South Florida often, but when he does, he likes to make time for a round of golf. "Give me grass with a flag sticking out, and I'm happy." Known for his roles on "24" and "The Unit," Haysbert will appear Thursday at Hollywood Welcomes the Stars, a benefit for the Boys and Girls Clubs of Broward County.
Before the event, Haysbert chatted via phone about his childhood and his new movie, "The Details," due out Nov. 2.
How did you get involved with the Boys and Girls Clubs of America?
This is the first time they asked me to participate, but I'm always willing to do something for children, the elderly and those who can't protect themselves. I come from a poor family, and growing up, it truly took a village to watch over the kids in my neighborhood. But I always felt a strong sense of community because if any of the children did something wrong, someone would tell the parents. I would advise a single parent, or someone who had to leave their child unattended, to get their child involved in an after-school activity such as the Boys and Girls Club. Latchkey children can get themselves in precarious, dangerous situations.
Tell us about your new movie, "The Details." Judging from the trailer, it seems unlike any role you've played before.
It's true — I haven't. My character Lincoln is the lone friend of Jeffrey [played by Tobey Maguire]. He doesn't know any of the other characters, so in his mind Jeffrey is a saint.
And there is some award buzz surrounding the movie.
From your mouth to God's ears. [laughs] In all modesty, it really is a phenomenal movie with an all-star cast. Laura Linney plays an eccentric cat lady and is marvelous. Elizabeth Banks is stunning. Kerry Washington is dazzling. And Ray Liotta is as intense as ever with an edge of vulnerability.
You mentioned you befriend Tobey Maguire in the flick. What does friendship mean to you?
That's a very good question. Friendship to me means loyalty, trust and the ability to be honest with each other, even if you know you may hurt the other person's feelings.
Hollywood Welcomes the Stars will take place 5:30 - 8 p.m Thursday at Gulfstream Village, 501 S. Federal Highway, in Hallandale Beach. Tickets cost $250. Go to Bgcbc.org.


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STATE COLLEGE - A Penn State trustee is calling on the university governing board to re-examine the findings of former FBI director Louis Freeh's investigation for the school into the Jerry Sandusky child sex abuse scandal.
Trustee Alvin Clemens said Monday in a statement the critique released this weekend by Joe Paterno's family raised serious and troubling questions about Freeh's findings.
Clemens, a trustee since 1995, said that while it was a difficult decision, trustees should look at the Freeh report again for the long-term benefit of Sandusky's victims, school and community.
Former U.S. Attorney General Dick Thornburgh was among the experts brought in by the Paterno family to review the Freeh report. The review said that claims that Paterno participated in covering up allegations against Sandusky were inaccurate and unfounded.


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