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Currently, I have only just started Java, and I am looking to elaborate more from my book to enforce what I am learning. As it stands, only two exercises remain in the Workshop section of this book, and I like to make firm my knowledge of a topic, so I would like to do some more exercises. Asked around on the gaming forum I was on, but then I decided to migrate to a specialized forum to maybe aid me in my triumphs with Java far more accurately. Sorry for the digression, but in any case, I am going to give the exercise from my book and maybe you guys can help give me some exercises similar.
Here's a code reference, if it helps at all. The first class (VolcanoRobot) is meant to be the superclass, and the second class (VolcanoApplication) is meant to be a subclass. My goal is to do some similar programs, on my own, instead of just reviewing and copying examples from a book. And even the one solo exercise it has me do, I want to do more to get a firm grasp of this, because I feel like inheritance will play a huge role in the future.Originally Posted by Exercise 2
class VolcanoRobot { String status; int speed; float temperature; void checkTemperature() { if (temperature > 660) { status = "returing home"; speed = 5; } } void showAttributes() { System.out.println("Status: " + status); System.out.println("Speed: " + speed); System.out.println("Temperature: " + temperature); } }
class VolcanoApplication { public static void main(String[] arguments) { VolcanoRobot dante = new VolcanoRobot(); dante.status = "exploring"; dante.speed = 2; dante.temperature = 510; dante.showAttributes(); System.out.println("Increasing speed to 3."); dante.speed = 3; dante.showAttributes(); System.out.println("Changing temperature to 670."); dante.temperature = 670; dante.showAttributes(); System.out.println("Checking the temperature."); dante.checkTemperature(); dante.showAttributes(); } }
Help is much appreciated.


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Ice Cream King Goes to Capitol Hill
Ben Cohen of Ben & Jerry's fame joins the News Hub to explain why he spent the afternoon at Union Station in Washington, D.C. giving out dollar bills. Photo: Associated Press.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the ... the colony of Ben Jerry's ice cream famous trying to get money out of politics he held a rally in Washington today giving out dollar bills that is stamped with slogans to raise awareness for the cause and he joins me now from Washington ... Mr. Kelly thanks for being there ... you know yet and that the new year ... as our time here president of up to steer some ice cream that we have a much more important idea if we were there ... very well ... in July ... so you wanna take money out of politics let's talk about this it was accused IDC won the campaign trail why is this a passing a path for you right now ... well you know ... eighty percent of the American population was good money and politics that both Republicans and Democrats ... of the reality is that ... you can get any decent laws passed in Congress ... that benefited the majority of people in the country because ... of politicians are pretty much bought and paid for by ... corporations ... and of the point to one percent ... and so ... the laws that are getting past are ... favoring corporations and the very rich is ... at the expense of the majority of the population ... may start this campaign with this awesome video of people stamping dollar bills ... with slogans tell us how this guy in your mind will help raises awareness and help people to ... have reached out to the politicians inning get that money out of politics as you're hoping ... well essentially standing money is like a petition on steroids ... um you know ... people ... I mean people want to get money out of politics but ... the problem is that they don't know what they can do to help ... and they don't think that is possible ... and ... you know so ... when people are really riled up about something normally they sign a petition ... and the reality is that ... the petition is only seen by maybe one person ... on ... in this that a given situation when you ... make your voice heard by stamping and dollar bill ... the dollar bill that goes into situation and it seemed like a hundred people ... as it gets passed around ... and so on it's a way that ... the average person can make their voice heard ... on and they can do it anywhere anytime ... on any day you know any way they want to do it ... and ... you know if one person just stands five meals a day three hundred days the year ... that's over a million impressions that that one person is making it ... um you know there's tens of thousands of people that are really concerned about this issue ... now it's un knit family in innovative way it did to get the word that that we wish you well under one got a stamp stampede dot org ... to get more information and that we certainly appreciate you joining us here today that it did to get the word haven't seen that tells about the latest answer ...

subset: commoncrawl


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The brains of men and women are very different. Last spring, Scientific American summed up the best gender and brain research, including a study demonstrating that women have greater neuron density in the temporal lobe cortex, the region of the brain associated with verbal skills. Now we've reached the heart of the mystery. Girls have genetic advantages that make them better readers, especially early in life. And, now, society is favoring verbal skills. Even in math, the emphasis has shifted away from guy-friendly problems involving quick calculations to word and logic problems.What's the solution? The article offers little other than the importance of acknowledging that there is a problem. Well, there's a suggestion high school textbooks be made into comic books to help boys. If the problem really is as bad as this article makes it sound, shouldn't we consider separating the boys from the girls?
Increasingly, teachers ask students to keep written journals, even as early as kindergarten. What gets written isn't polished prose, but it is important training, say teachers, some of whom rely on the book Kid Writing, which advocates the use of writing to teach children basic skills in a host of subjects. The teachers are only doing their jobs, preparing their students for a work world that has moved rapidly away from manufacturing and agriculture and into information-based work. It's not that schools have changed their ways to favor girls; it's that they haven't changed their ways to help boys adjust to this new world.
Suddenly, the anecdotal evidence becomes obvious. Open the door of any ninth-grade "academy" that some school districts run--the clump of students predicted to sink in high school--and you'll see a potential football team. Nearly all guys. Ninth grade is where boys' verbal deficit becomes an albatross that stymies further male academic achievement. That's the year guys run into the fruits of the school-reform movement that date back to the 1989 governors' summit in Charlottesville, Virginia, where Democrats and Republicans vowed to shake up schools. One outcome of the summit is that, starting in ninth grade, every student now gets a verbally drenched curriculum that is supposed to better prepare them for college. Good goal, but it's leaving boys in the dust.
UPDATE: I wanted to add that I would strongly object to public schools offering only all-boys and all-girls schools. I think instead there could be two schools, one adapted to the set of skills and behaviors that these scientific studies are associating with with boys and the others doing the same with girls, but then each child could choose which one to attend. For example, one school could have frequent sports breaks and the other could have longer classes. One could have high pressure exams and the other a steady flow of homework assignments.


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In every narrative there is a primary premise that the creator wishes to convey but a narrative is not confined to the limits of its creator. A narrative is a web of lives, individuals with their own motives, aspirations and obligations.
In crafting a story are you 'adding sub-plots' or are you twining the fates?


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All About Melanoma
What is a melanocyte?
A melanocyte is a normal cell found in the skin that produces melanin. Melanin is a black or dark brown pigment that is seen in the skin, hair, and parts of the eye. Melanin is transferred from the melanocytes into nearby skin and hair cells. The concentrated areas of color seen on the skin are known as moles or nevi.
What is melanoma?
Melanoma is a type of cancer that forms from melanocytes. Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer and is the fifth most common cancer in the United States. Even though melanoma accounts for about 1% of all skin cancers, it is responsible for the majority of deaths from skin cancer. Other common types of skin cancer include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
Melanoma can occur any place that melanocytes reside. The majority of melanocytes reside in the skin; therefore, the majority of melanomas are found on the surface of the skin, which includes nail beds, soles of the feet, and scalp. However, melanoma can also occur in the eye ("uveal melanoma") or on internal mucosal surfaces, which include the mucous membranes lining the sinuses, the anal canal, rectum, and vagina.
What causes melanoma and am I at risk?
In 2017, the American Cancer Society estimates 87,110 new cases of melanoma will be diagnosed in the United States. The number of new cases of melanoma has steadily increased for the last 30 years. Fortunately, overall death rates have remained relatively stable, reflecting increased survival due to early detection.
The single most important risk factor for melanoma is exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Other risk factors for cutaneous melanoma include fair skin or complexion, a history of peeling sunburns, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light (both sun and artificial UV light, such as tanning beds), multiple moles, older age, a personal or family history of non-melanoma skin cancer, and a personal or family history of melanoma. As we age, our years of sun exposure increase, and therefore the risk of melanoma increases.
Researchers have found that the risk of melanoma is 2.24 times higher in people with a first-degree relative with the diagnosis; therefore it is important to be aware of your family history. If you have been diagnosed with melanoma, it is important to share this information with your relatives so that they can undergo appropriate screening. While most melanomas do not arise from moles, certain types of moles, called dysplastic nevi, are associated with an increased risk for melanoma. Dysplastic nevi are moles that are typically large (>5mm in diameter), have uneven pigmentation, and irregular borders. A single dysplastic nevi is associated with a 2-fold increased risk, while 10 or more nevi indicate a 12- fold increased risk of developing melanoma.
People with fair skin and light eyes, or those who have a tendency to freckle or burn easily are all at higher risk. The melanin in dark-skinned individuals has been found to have a natural sun protection factor (SPF) and can filter twice as much ultraviolet light as that of a light-skinned individual. This protection, however, is not complete, and melanoma can develop in dark-skinned people. Melanoma is more commonly found on soles, palms, or nail beds in dark-skinned people.
A history of 3 or more sunburns, particularly blistering sunburns, before age 20, greatly increases risk. A history of severe sunburns in childhood and adolescence may actually double the risk of melanoma in adulthood. For many years, the tanning industry has promoted tanning salons as a safe alternative to natural sun, saying that these devices prevent sunburn; however, artificial UV light has clearly been linked with an increased risk of melanoma and other types of skin cancer. In fact, women under 35 who have ever used a tanning bed are 50% more likely to develop melanoma than women who never used a tanning bed. The bottom line is that tanned skin, whether from a tanning bed or sunlight, is not healthy and actually indicates that the skin has been damaged.
How can I prevent melanoma?
The best way to prevent melanoma is to protect the skin from exposure to ultraviolet light, which includes natural UV light from the sun and artificial UV light from tanning devices.
Some ways to protect your skin from UV light include:
- Do not use tanning salons or expose your self to other artificial sources of UV light.
- Avoid sun exposure between 10am and 4pm.
- Seek the shade when outdoors.
- Wear protective clothing, including long sleeved shirts, pants, a hat, and sunglasses. You may choose to wear clothing that has built in sun protection factor (SPF).
- Use sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or greater everyday, even in the winter! Sunscreen use is especially important for children because sunburns during childhood greatly increase the risk of melanoma in adulthood. Consistent use of sunscreen has even shown the ability to reduce further skin damage in people with a history of extensive sun exposure. In randomized controlled trials, daily sunscreen use has been shown to reduce the rate of new melanoma by 50%.
- You should examine your own skin regularly, approximately once a month. Be aware of the shapes and coloring of any moles you have. Melanoma may develop from an existing mole, causing its appearance to change. Examine your skin routinely in a mirror, including your back, bottom of your feet, nail beds, and scalp. Look for changes in existing moles, or the development of new ones.
Concerning moles are ones that have the "ABCDE" characteristics. You should bring any mole with these features to the attention of your health care provider.
- Asymmetry: Asymmetry refers to the shape of a mole. If an asymmetric mole were divided in half, one side would not look like the other.
- Border irregularity: The border of the mole are the edges of the mole. These should be sharp or well-defined. An irregular border may appear blurry and uneven.
- Color: Most moles have an even color. Moles with multiple colors within them or moles whose color has changed can be a concern, particularly those that become darker.
- Diameter: Most moles are relatively small. Any mole that is larger than the diameter of a pencil eraser (approximately 6 mm in diameter) may be a concern.
- Evolution: Moles don't change very much overtime. A mole that has changed in appearance, color, shape, or elevation over time may be a concern and requires additional evaluation
These rules are not set in stone, which is why you should be aware of your own moles, and report any changes in moles to a physician
What screening tests are available?
The best screening test is a skin examination. Your healthcare provider should examine your skin during routine physicals, but you should also examine your skin routinely at home. Because you see your skin everyday, you are most likely to notice any changes early on. The prognosis for melanoma is best when lesions are found early, making skin examination very important.
What are the signs of melanoma?
Melanoma often presents as an irregular mole on the surface of the skin, with the "ABCDE" characteristics described above. This can be a preexisting mole that has changed or a newly developed mole. However, many melanomas do not possess these features, so any changes in your skin should be brought to the attention of your health care provider. Additionally, more advanced lesions may have inflammation, oozing, crusting, itching, ulceration or bleeding. Sometimes, specialized photography can be utilized to help monitor a person's skin; these pictures can make it easier for both the patient and the health care provider to detect any changes in moles. This can also cut down on unnecessary biopsies by showing stability of moles over time.
Unfortunately, some patients with melanoma do not present with an abnormal skin lesion and the first signs and symptoms of the disease result from metastatic spread to other organs.
How is melanoma diagnosed?
When melanoma is suspected, an excisional or an incisional biopsy should be performed. These biopsy techniques are both "full-thickness", removing the lesion and all the layers beneath it, allowing the depth of the lesion to be accurately determined. The depth of the lesion determines prognosis and treatment, so it is important for this to be accurate. An excisional biopsy removes the entire lesion, while an incisional biopsy removes only a portion of the lesion—an incisional biopsy is usually used for very large lesions to confirm the diagnosis before treatment. The alternative is a shave biopsy, which does NOT allow for accurate assessment of lesion depth.
The four most common subtypes of melanoma are:
- Superficial spreading melanoma
- Nodular melanoma
- Lentigo maligna melanoma
- Acral lentiginous melanoma
While acral lentiginous melanoma is the least common in Caucasians, it is the most common form of melanoma in dark-skinned populations and is usually found on the palms, soles or under the nail. In general, the subtype of melanoma is not a major factor in determining prognosis.
Melanoma can also arise in the mucosal surfaces, known as mucosal melanoma (i.e. sinuses, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract and vagina) and in the eye, known as ocular or choroidal melanoma. The initial surgery and management of these types of melanoma are different than melanomas that occur on the skin.
After the initial biopsy is performed, a pathology report is issued by the dermatopathologist. This pathology report further describes numerous aspects of the melanoma, which help determine the overall prognosis, many of which are highly technical and outside the scope of this article. The most important aspects of the pathology report are the depth of the melanoma, whether or not ulceration is present, and the mitotic count in thin melanomas.
The depth of the melanoma is often referred to as the Breslow depth or thickness. It describes the vertical depth of the melanoma in millimeters. Other measurements that may be included on the pathology report are the Clark's level, which describes the layer of skin involved with melanoma, and the diameter of the melanoma; neither of these measurements impact the staging of melanoma. Be careful not to confuse Clark's level with the stage of melanoma.
After evaluating the features of the primary melanoma, which are reported on the pathology report, a second surgical procedure, called a wide local excision, is typically performed. At the same time, evaluation of the local lymph nodes, through a sentinel lymph node biopsy may also be performed.
Surgery is the mainstay of curative treatment for melanoma. After a melanoma is diagnosed by a biopsy, the next step is to have a "wide local excision". This surgical procedure removes an area of normal tissue around where the lesion was located. The amount of tissue removed is based on the depth of the melanoma. "Margins" refer to the tissue around a tumor, in this case melanoma. "Negative margins" mean a small amount of normal tissue around the entire tumor was also removed—this ensures the entire melanoma is removed. "Positive margins," on the other hand, indicate that melanoma extends all the way to the edge of the tissue removed, and that it is possible some melanoma may not have been removed. The planned surgical margin depends primarily on the Breslow depth, and generally ranges from 0.5 to 2cm.
If the melanoma is deeper than 1mm or has other features associated with a greater risk of recurrence, a sentinel lymph node biopsy may be performed. In a sentinel lymph node biopsy, a blue dye with a radioactive tracer is injected into the site of the original tumor. The dye spreads to the "sentinel node(s)" (the first few nodes to which the cancer would spread). These blue / radioactive lymph nodes are removed, examined under a microscope and tested for cancer. If any of these lymph nodes are positive, the remaining lymph nodes in the region are removed, a procedure known as a lymph node dissection or lymphadenectomy. If the sentinel nodes do not contain melanoma, a lymph node dissection can be avoided and potential complications eliminated.
A second type of surgery that is more frequently being used is called the MOHS procedure. The MOHS procedure is a surgical procedure in which the melanoma is removed by a surgeon and the margins are checked under a microscope to check for cancerous cells. If there are cancerous cells remaining the surgeon will remove more tissue and visualize it again under a microscope. The surgeon will continue to do this until the margins are clear. This allows for the removal of all cancer cells while sparing normal tissue.
How is melanoma staged?
Staging for melanoma is defined by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC, 2016) using Breslow Depth as follows:
- Melanoma in-situ: the melanoma is present only in the epidermis; a Breslow thickness and Clark's level are not determined for this early stage lesion.
- Stage I and II: confined to skin.
- Stage III*: spread to local lymph nodes or to the area surrounding the original skin site ("satellite" deposits of melanoma around the original site or "intransit metastases" between the original site and the regional lymph nodes).
- Stage IV*: distant metastasis present (most commonly liver, lung, and brain).
*Note that you may not always identify the primary skin lesion in Stage III-IV disease. This is known as "melanoma with unknown primary."
Melanoma can also spread into the region between the original site and the lymph nodes. These lesions are called "in-transit metastases." These are often treated with the treatment modalities used in Stage III or IV disease. Patients with stages III-IV require further evaluation for metastases often including CT scans, PET scans, and/or MRI.
In Stages IIB, IIC and III melanoma, the cancer has been removed by the surgery, and there is no evidence of disease on physical examination, laboratory tests, or radiology tests. Unfortunately, there are often tumor cells circulating in the body that we cannot see on scans. For this reason, patients may be offered further treatment with medications or radiation, which is called adjuvant treatment.
In order to guide treatment and offer some insight into prognosis, melanoma is staged into four different groups. Healthcare providers also use the TNM system (also called tumor - node - metastasis system). This system describes the size and locally invasiveness of the tumor (T), which, if any, lymph nodes are involved (N), and if it has spread to other more distant areas of the body (M). This is then interpreted as a stage somewhere from I (one) denoting more limited disease to IV (four) denoting more advanced disease.
The staging system is very complex, and the entire staging system is outlined at the end of this article. Though complicated, the staging system helps healthcare providers determine the extent of the cancer, and in turn, make treatment decisions for a patient's cancer. The stage of cancer, or extent of disease, is based on information gathered through the various tests done as the diagnosis and work-up of the cancer is being performed.
How is melanoma treated?
Surgery is the mainstay of curative treatment for melanoma. As mentioned above, the initial diagnosis is made following a biopsy. Additional surgeries may include a re-excision of the primary skin lesion, a wide local excision, a sentinel lymph node biopsy, and a completion lymph node dissection.
If melanoma returns, surgery can often be used to remove the sites of recurrent disease. Additionally, surgery can be utilized in advanced melanoma to manage symptoms associated with a particular tumor.
Chemotherapy is the use of medications that travel to all tissues throughout the body to kill any cancerous cells. These therapies have an effect on melanoma that can be seen on imaging studies, as well as melanoma cells that cannot be seen. Chemotherapy agents commonly used in melanoma treatment include: dacarbazine, cisplatin, carboplatin, vinblastine, carmustine, temozolomide, abraxane and paclitaxel.
Some of the medications used to treat this cancer are considered immunotherapy agents, meaning that they work by stimulating the patient's own immune system, causing it to attack the cancer cells. Some immunotherapy agents used in melanoma are interferon, interleukin-2, and ipilimumab.
Interferon alfa has been the mainstay of adjuvant therapy for melanoma (adjuvant therapy is any treatment given along with the primary treatment, in this case surgery, when there is no evidence of melanoma). Interferon alfa is the best studied and has shown to improve disease-free survival in certain patients with Stage II/III melanoma. However, the benefit on overall survival is still unclear and the therapy has side effects that impact quality of life. The two forms of interferon alpha that are utilized in melanoma are Intron-A® and Sylatron®.
Interleukin-2 is used to treat advanced or metastatic melanoma. It is administered intravenously in specialized treatment centers. It must be administered in a hospital because of the side effects associated with this therapy. It is recommended only for patients in good health due to the toxicities associated with it.
Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody therapy, which works to stimulate the immune system to destroy cancer cells. It takes the "brakes" off the immune system, by increasing the number of T-cells. The side effects of this therapy result from this increase in the activity of T-cells in other organs of the body, most commonly the skin, the digestive tract, the liver, or the endocrine system. Good communication with your health care providers is essential when you are receiving this therapy.
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) and nivolumab (Opdivo®) are types of monoclonal antibody therapies, which work by blocking a protein called PD-1 (programmed cell death 1), found on the surface of T-cells, which are part of the immune system. Cancer cells can produce another molecule that can bind to the T-cell, making it inactive. These medications bind to PD-1, blocking the cancer cell's ability to bind to the T-cell, allowing the T-cell to remain active and attack the cancer cells.
Targeted Therapy
As more is learned about the development of melanoma, molecular targets within melanoma cells are being discovered and new therapies are developed to attack these targets. BRAF is a protein kinase that plays a role in regulating the pathways responsible for cell replication and survival. In approximately 50% of melanomas, this protein is altered or mutated. There are therapies that target mutated BRAF and can be utilized in patients with melanoma containing a specific BRAF mutation. These medications only work in melanoma that has a mutated form of BRAF and testing is performed prior to starting therapy to assure that the therapy is appropriate for the patient. To test for mutated BRAF, a sample of the tumor is sent to a special laboratory that performs the test.
There are two medications available that target mutated BRAF. Vemurafenib and Dabrafenib, which are both taken by mouth (orally). Although they target the same protein, the dosing and side effects of these two agents are slightly different. They are both associated with an increased development of squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, EKG changes, and UV sensitivity, among others. Dabrafenib has also been associated with fevers and serious febrile reactions.
MEK is another protein along the same pathway as BRAF. Trametinib and cobimetinib are MEK inhibitors that have been shown to be effective in patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma who have not been previously treated with a BRAF inhibitor. They are oral medications with specific requirements for storage and monitoring. They have been associated with a variety of side effects including cardiac effects, retinal effects, pulmonary effects, and skin toxicities.
There are two medications available that target cells with c-KIT changes. These melanomas are commonly found on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, under the nails, inside the mouth, mucosal areas, or in areas that get chronic sun exposure. Imatinib and nilotinib are used to treat these melanomas.
There are a number of targeted therapies currently being studied in clinical trials for the treatment of various mutations. Some of these other mutations are NRAS and GNAQ.
Another type of targeted therapy that is used to treat melanoma is called oncolytic virus therapy. Talimogene laherparepvec is a medication that works as a virus therapy used to infect and break down cancer cells. The medication is directly injected into the cancerous lesion or lymph node.
Isolated Limb Perfusion/Infusion
Another option for patients with multiple melanoma tumors confined to one limb is isolated limb perfusion (ILP) or isolated limb infusion (ILI). These procedures involve temporarily interrupting circulation to the affected limb and administering high doses of chemotherapy (such as melphalan) to the limb, along with heat. These procedures must be performed under anesthesia in the operating room. They are associated with local side effects, but have limited toxicity to the rest of the body. This is usually reserved for melanoma that is isolated to a single limb and is not amenable to surgical resection. Response rates ILP/ILI are variable. Some studies have shown a benefit to overall survival in those patients who respond completely (no residual disease) to ILP.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to kill cancer cells and is a localized treatment, meaning it only affects the tissues directly treated with radiation. Radiation is not routinely used to treat all cases of melanoma. However, in Stage III melanoma, radiation therapy has been shown to be beneficial when used to treat areas at high risk for recurrence, such as lymph node basins. In this setting, radiation therapy can help to prevent a recurrence in the area treated with radiation. Additionally, in stage IV melanoma, radiation may be used to treat distant metastases in the brain and bone, to reduce symptoms related to the disease or to prevent a decline in function.
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS, Gammaknife, Cyberknife) is a highly precise form of radiation therapy that is used to treat metastases. Stereotactic radiotherapy delivers radiation from many different angles to focus the radiation at one small point, like a magnifying glass. It is generally given in 1-5 treatments, unlike traditional radiation, which is given daily, over a period of weeks.
Clinical Trials
Clinical trials play a pivotal role in the treatment of melanoma. There are many new therapies being evaluated in clinical trials for use in various stages of melanoma. Clinical trials provide patients access to these new and exciting therapies. In addition to testing new treatment options for patients, clinical trials also can provide access to the use of new combinations of existing therapies, not previously used together. Current clinical trials may include: the identification of new targets for melanoma treatment, targeted therapies that work on newly discovered targets in melanoma, vaccines (which can be made from the patient's own tumor cells or parts of melanoma cells), new combinations of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and new surgical techniques.
New medications and techniques are continually being tested to find more effective therapies for this disease. It is crucial that patients with a diagnosis of stage III or IV melanoma be treated by a melanoma specialist who is well-versed in current treatments, available clinical trials, and works with an interdisciplinary team (radiation, surgery, supportive care services) to manage patients with all available treatments. Patients with Stage IV disease will require regular clinical, laboratory and imaging evaluations to monitor their disease and response to treatment.
You can learn more about ongoing clinical trials and find those that may be right for you using the OncoLink Clinical Trials Matching Service.
Follow-up Care and Survivorship
After a diagnosis of melanoma, patients remain at risk for the development of a new melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancer and for a recurrence of the previously diagnosed melanoma. Having one melanoma in a patient's lifetime places him/her at higher risk for developing a second melanoma and follow up with a dermatologist is a mainstay of on-going treatment, with a complete skin exam at least once a year. All patients require ongoing follow up with their dermatologist and depending on the stage of the original melanoma, may require ongoing monitoring by their surgeons and medical oncologists.
For most patients diagnosed with stage I and II melanoma, follow up will consist of clinical full body skin examinations with a dermatologist every 6-12 months for life, the frequency of which depends on the time elapsed since diagnosis. In addition to clinical total body skin exams, patients should perform self skin examinations about once a month, checking for any new or changing skin lesions, looking for the ABCDEs of melanoma risk, and looking for any new lumps or bumps in the area of the prior melanoma. Individuals diagnosed with a melanoma should practice safe sun habits to minimize their risk for developing a second melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancer (Sun Safety Tips). Routine blood and radiology tests are not recommended for stages I-II, but should be performed to investigate any concerning symptoms.
For patients with Stage III melanoma, a clinical full body skin examination should be performed every 3-12 months for life, the frequency of which depends on the time elapsed since diagnosis. In addition to examination of the skin, the lymph nodes should also be examined. Members of the health care team in Stage III patients may consist of a dermatologist, a surgical oncologist, and a medical oncologist. Additionally, some patients with Stage III melanoma may have regular blood work and imaging studies every 3 -12 months for the first several years following the diagnosis. Blood work may consist of a complete blood count, liver functions tests, metabolic markers, and an LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), as well as other laboratory tests depending on the previous treatment. Radiology testing may include ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI.
For patients with Stage IV melanoma, a clinical full body skin examination should be performed every 3-12 months for life, the frequency of which depends on the time elapsed since diagnosis. In addition to examination of the skin, the lymph nodes and other organ systems should also be examined. Members of the health care team in Stage IV patients may consist of a dermatologist, a surgical oncologist, and a medical oncologist. Additionally, patients with Stage IV melanoma will likely have regular blood work and imaging studies for at least 5 years following the diagnosis. Blood work may consist of a complete blood count, liver functions tests, metabolic markers, and an LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), as well as other laboratory tests depending on the previous treatment. Radiology testing may include ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI.
Melanoma survivors should report any of the following to your healthcare providers:
- Changes in existing moles
- New moles
- Changes in the scar from the previous surgery, including any changes in color, nodularity (lumps), or swelling around the site.
- Swelling in the limb where the original melanoma was
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes
- New or worsening shortness of breath or cough
- Neurologic symptoms including headache, vision changes, nausea
- Unexplained weight loss
Fear of recurrence, financial impact of cancer treatment, employment issues and coping strategies are common emotional and practical issues experienced by melanoma survivors. Your healthcare team can identify resources for support and management of these practical and emotional challenges faced during and after cancer.
Cancer survivorship is a relatively new focus of oncology care. With some 15 million cancer survivors in the US alone, there is a need to help patients transition from active treatment to survivorship. What happens next, how do you get back to normal, what should you know and do to live healthy going forward? A survivorship care plan can be a first step in educating yourself about navigating life after cancer and helping you communicate knowledgeably with your healthcare providers. Create a survivorship care plan today on OncoLink.
This article is meant to give you a better understanding of melanoma. Use this knowledge when meeting with your healthcare providers, making treatment decisions, and continuing your search for information.
Resources for more information:
Skin Cancer Foundation
Strive to education the public and medical professionals about the dangers of skin cancer, prevention methods and sun protection. Provides information on skin cancer and treatment.
Melanoma Research Foundation
Committed to the support of medical research in finding effective treatments, the MRF also educates patients about the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. Provides a web based support community as well.
Melanoma International Foundation
Help patients and caregivers understand pathology reports, prognosis, and therapy options, including clinical trials, as well as where to get the best possible care.
National Institute of Health Medline Plus
The United States medical research agency. Provides information on treatment and research. Includes Spanish language resources as well. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/melanoma.html
Appendix: Complete Melanoma Cancer Staging
American Joint Committee on Cancer (8th ed., 2016)
Primary Tumor (T)
Primary tumor cannot be assessed
No evidence of primary tumor
Melanoma in situ
Melanaomas 1.0 mm or less in thickness
Melanomas 1.01 – 2.0 mm
Melanomas 2.01 – 4.0 mm
Melanomas more than 4.0 mm
T Subcategories
Thickness (mm)
Ulceration status/mitoses
less than or equal to 1.0
a: less than 0.8 and without ulceration
b: less than 0.8 with ulceration or 0.8-1.0 with or without ulceration
1.00 – 2.0
a: w/o ulceration
b: with ulceration
2.00 - 4
a: w/o ulceration
b: with ulceration
Greater than 4
a: w/o ulceration
b: with ulceration
Regional Lymph Nodes (N)
Patients in whom the regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
No regional metastases detected
Regional metastases based upon the number of metastatic nodes and presence or absence of intralymphatic metastases
N Subcategories
Number of metastatic nodes
1 node
a. One clinically occult
b. One clinically detected
c. No regional lymph node disease
2-3 nodes
a. Two or three clinically occult
b. Two or three, at least one of which was clinically detected
c. One clinically occult or clinically detected
4 or more metastatic nodes, or matted nodes, or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) with metastatic nodes
a. Four or more clinically occult
b. Four or more, at least one of which was clinically detected, or presence of any number of matted nodes.
c. Two or more clinically detected and/pr presence of any number of matted nodes.
Distant Metastasis (M)
No detectable evidence of distant metastases
Metastases to skin, subcutaneous, or distant lymph nodes
Metastases to lung
Metastases to all other visceral sites or distant metastases to any site combined with an elevated serum LDH
Anatomic Stage
Stage 0
Stage 1A
Stage 1B
Stage IIA
Stage IIB
Stage IIC
Stage III
Any T
Greater than or equal to N1
Stage IV
Any T
Any N
Pathologic Staging
Stage 0
Stage IA
Stage IB
Stage IIA
Stage IIB
Stage IIC
Stage IIIA
Stage IIIB
T1a/b, T2a
T2b, T3a
N1b, N1c
N1b/c, N2b
N1a/b/c, N2a/b/c
Stage IIIC
T1a/b, T2a/b, T3a
T3b, T4a
N2c, N3a/b/c
Any N
N1a/b/c, N2a/b/c
Stage IIID
Stage IV
Any T
Any N
Abeloff, M., Armitage, J., Niederhuber, J., Kastan, M. & McKenna, G. (Eds.): Clinical Oncology (2008). Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA.
American Cancer Society. Melanoma. 2016. Found at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer.html
Akamine KL, Gustafson CJ, Davis SA, Levender MM, Feldman SR. Trends in Sunscreen Recommendation Among US Physicians. JAMA Dermatol. 2013.
Balch CM, Gershenwald JE, Soong SJ, et al. Final version of 2009 AJCC melanoma staging and classification. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(36):6199-6206.
Coit DG, Thompson JA, Andtbacka R, et al. Melanoma, Version 2.2014. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. NCCN.org.
Dharmadhikari N, Mehnert JM, Kaufman HL. Oncolytic virus immunotherapy for melanoma. Current Treatment Options in Oncology. 2015;16(3):326.
Dunki-Jacobs EM, Callender GG, McMasters KM. Current management of melanoma. Curr Probl Surg. 2013;50(8):351-382.
NCCN Guidelines Version 1.2018 Melanoma. Found at: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/melanoma.pdf
Saranga-Perry V, Ambe C, Zager J & Kudchadkar RR. Recent Developments in the Medical and Surgical Treatment of Melanoma. A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 64(3):171-185, 2014 May/June.
Shah GD. Chapman PB. Adjuvant therapy of melanoma. Cancer Journal. 13(3):217-22, 2007 May-Jun.
Skin Cancer Foundation. Melanoma – Treatments. 2015. Found at: http://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/melanoma/melanoma-treatments
Trotter AS, Sroa N, Winkelmann RR, Olencki T & Bechtel M. A global review of melanoma follow-up guidelines. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology. 2013;6(9):18-26.
Whitmore, S.E. Atypical moles and common cancers of the skin. 2003. In Barker, L.R., Burton, J.R. & Ziever, P.D. (eds.), Principles of Ambulatory Medicine, (pp. 1735-1740). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins.


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StratPlayer wrote:EDIT to Add: WOOOT!!! Top 'o the Pi-Page!!!!
I think you missed that one by about 27 pages...
Holy crap, THIS is now at the top of the [not] pi page - there's got to be irony or something in that, but since I doubt anyone will ever read this, it's a mootmute point
mootThey're interchangable, has anyone really been confused as to what someone meant when they used "mute" instead of "moot"?pedantic
sorryI used to mock a friend constantly for saying "it's a mute point" - but that was really because it was fun to mock him, not because it really bothered menostalgia
miss younow he's halfway across the country, and although he was wrong about pretty much every little thing, I wish I'd listened to him on the big ones, cause he was right about those - go figure...


text:
Tooling Update
New Website a Resource for Press-Brake Tooling
Cincinnati Inc., Cincinnati, OH, has launched a new website cataloging its extensive inventory of common press-brake dies, in stock and ready for delivery. Use the site to shop for the firm's standard and precision-ground American tools, as well as Wila premium dies. Also available to visitors to the website, www.ci-online.com, are free downloads of these documents: "Press Brake Safeguarding," "Press Brake Safety Guidelines," and "Press Brake Capacities."Cincinnati Inc.: 513/367-7100; www.e-ci.com
See also: Cincinnati Inc.
Related Enterprise Zones: Fabrication, Safety, Tool & Die
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text:
Nadeshiko Japan obviously doesn't do it for the money
The victory of the Japanese women's soccer team at the FIFA World Cup tournament in Germany smashed a lot of preconceptions, most of them having to do with Japan's international sports profile. However, a more specific truism bit the dust Sunday afternoon in Frankfurt when Japan came out on top, and that's the notion that the more money you spend on a sport, the better your chances. About 1.5 million girls and women play soccer in America in some sort of organized fashion. There's a popular professional league. Women's soccer is a huge business. In Japan, about 45,000 girls and women play soccer. The women's semi-pro and pro leagues are barely solvent, and there are no organized teams in Japan for elementary school girls. In fact, one of the more interesting factoids to come out of the news about the victory is that many of the members of the Japan national team started playing soccer as children on boys teams.
As pointed out in an article in the tabloid Nikkan Gendai published before the championship victory, Nadeshiko Japan was winning in spite of their meager remuneration. Very few of the members have pro contracts. Two members, Aya Samejima and Karina Maruyama, earned the most at one time playing soccer, about ¥5 million a year each, but that's because they originally played for the Tokyo Electric Power Co. team — in Fukushima, as a matter of fact — and were thus company employees. After the disaster of March 11, Tepco's soccer team activities were suspended, but by that point Maruyama has already left. She went to the U.S. and played for while but ended up returning to play for JEF Chiba. Gendai says her salary there is "very small." Samejima stayed with Tepco until March and then moved to the USA, where her salary was better, the equivalent of about ¥300,000 a month. Team captain Homare Sawa earned about ¥3.6 million a year playing for the Nihon TV team, which among women soccer players is considered "good." NTV dissolved its team not long ago, and Sawa now "makes less" playing for a team in Kobe.


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iiNet has boasted it now has more customers connected to its fibre-to-the-home (FTTH) network than NBN Co has connected to the National Broadband Network (NBN).
The ISP has 8000 customers on its FTTH TransAct network, Internode network and wholesale services, with its FTTH network capable of the NBN speeds of 12/1Mbps, 25/5Mbps, 50/20Mbps and 100/40Mbps.
It also has 2700 customers on the NBN.
"When it comes to FTTH, we're using every opportunity to connect as many Australians as we can…" Michael Malone, chief executive officer at iiNet, said in a statement.
"As well as delivering super-fast broadband to more people than are connected to FTTH through the NBN, we're now the largest provider of FTTH services in the country."
iiNet recently launched high-speed broadband on the TransAct hybrid-fibre coaxial (HFC) network, which achieves speeds of up to 100/8Mbps.
Broadband Minister Stephen Conroy told the Senate yesterday there were just 7000 fibre connections on the NBN.
This is an increase of 600 from 17 October this year, when Conroy told a Senate Estimates hearing just 6400 premises had active NBN connections.
iiNet recently laid down the gauntlet to NBN Co, stating NBN Co needs to buy out iiNet's fibre and HFC networks or be prepared for competition from the ISP.
However, Chris Coughlan, director research consulting at Telsyte, said iiNet's fibre and HFC networks are unlikely to be attractive to NBN Co due to the low number of customers it has, compared to Telstra and Optus' HFC customers.
"The latest press around FTTH numbers may well be an attempt to influence NBN Co on their market power so as to increase the motivation for NBN Co to do a deal. NBN Co may well provide the same or similar terms to iiNet. However, the benefit to NBN Co will not be as large due to the relatively low numbers [of customers]," he told Computerworld Australia.
"With the 18-month closure of copper now commencing, we can expect that [the] migration to NBN Co-provided FTTH will increase rapidly in the coming year and will quickly surpass the customers on iiNet direct infrastructure."
Conroy told the Senate there are now 30,000 premises with active connections to the NBN via fibre, fixed wireless and satellite.
Follow Stephanie McDonald on Twitter: @stephmcdonald0
Follow Computerworld Australia on Twitter: @ComputerworldAU
Join the CIO Australia group on LinkedIn. The group is open to CIOs, IT Directors, COOs, CTOs and senior IT managers.


text:
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Do not iron or bleach
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Men the world over search through options for penile enlargement. There are many options available these days, some are effective, some are more drastic. Which way you choose to try and increase your size will be a mixture of how much time you want to spend on it and how comfortable you are with the method. In this article we will cover some of the options that you can use to enlarge your penis.
Exercises are the most natural way to enlarge your penis, some say this method is very effective when utilized with exercise equipment. Most of these exercises will use compression to add stress to the penile tissues, which encourages the growth of new cells and thus creates an enlarged penis. The Compressor is a common form of a compression exercise that is great for girth enhancement. It is a two handed exercise. These are the steps involved in the Compressor exercise:
- Start with an overhand OK-grip and tightly grip the base of the penis.
- Use your other hand in an OK-grip, where the glans of your penis turns into the shaft.
- Bring both hands together, compressing the shaft of your penis.
- While compressed, bend it back and forth, creating tension which increases growth.
Penis Stretching:
When you stretch the penis you are putting stress on it, this creates small tears. When the tissue tears, new cells and tissues grow to fill in the space. As this occurs, the overall size of the penis will begin to change and grow. These are of great use if you are trying to extend the length of your penis. You have to be careful, you don't need to stretch so hard that the penis is caused pain for the stretching to be effective. Stretches can be performed in several directions for maximum lengthening:
- Straight – This stretch is great for general length.
- Right or left – Stretching the penis to the left or right is a good way to fix a curvature.
- Downward or upward – This creates tension on the top or bottom of the penis, perfect for lengthening.
- Combo– Combine any of the above for maximum benefits.
Technology is always striving to make our lives simpler, and penile enlargement is no different. You don't have to manually attempt penile enlargement there are several forms of penis enlargement devices.
Common Penis Enlargement Devices
Most of these devices fit into one of these categories:
- Extenders
- Weights
- Pumps
Penis Extenders:
Extenders are in effect, a basic traction device. They are available in myriad designs, but the idea is the same. The extender will place an increasing amount of tension on the penile tissues. This creates tears, which with cellular repair become larger expanses of tissues and thus a longer wider penis. The best of these devices are designed to fit comfortably and be worn all day.
Hangers & Weights:
These are also a sort of traction device, however, the traction is made by the weights utilizing gravity. The bigger penis is thus engendered using the same basic process as with the extender. Done over a period of time it will lengthen your penile tissues. This can be dangerous if you are not sure how heavy of a weight to use.
Penis Pumps:
A penis pump uses the science of vacuum pressure to make penis enlargement happen. Just like with the extenders, there are a variety of designs available for penis pumps.
However, they will all have some kind of cylinder that slips over the penis and a way to create a vacuum. This makes the blood to move into the penile tissue, engorging it. Over a period of time the effects become permanent.
With all the various ways to enlarge your penis these days, it really boils down to a matter of personal choice. Do you want to wear a device all day? Do you want to spend an hour locked in your room? Do you want to take 20 minutes and pump up? Take a look at all the varied options and decide what is best for you.


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Your opponent is damaged by your fierce defenses, and takes 11 damage.
Cannot lead to victory if you do no other damage. My fierce defenses did over 100 damage to a retro rave creature without killing it. I think those guys can take about 40.
Moderator: Moderators
Your opponent is damaged by your fierce defenses, and takes 11 damage.
Shouldn't they stop hitting you, then? They should stand there passively until you finally land a blow >_>Ryme wrote:Yeah, it's been mentioned. My "narrative justification" is that most opponents won't actually incapacitate themselves on your defenses trying to fight you. You've gotta do some damage yourself. The numbers don't quite make sense, I do realize.
Yes, but the Gadgeteer ones doesn't scale. When fighting robots with 2000+ HP, a 13 damage grenade isn't especially helpful...Jesus wrote:I understand wanting a player to come up with some offense of their own, but then of the four classes, Elementals start with a skill that always hits... Psions get one quickly... and Gadgeteers get one eventually.
No strength?You gain a level!
You gain 11 hit points. You gain 9 power points.
Your intellect increases by 6 points.
Your reflexes increase by 9 points.
You get an adrenaline rush!
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text: Could you imagine if you had to solve a Rubik's cube every time you had to access your email? Your Google Groups friends would call you up in about a week wondering if you died. Cheng-Li Hung thinks differently, and designed up this rather cool-looking (and slightly simplified) Rubik's security system. To secure your computer, just set up a color combination that only you know. "Solve" the cube for your color combo and you're back in. You can even set a time limit so people can't just guess. Neat idea, but it's too impractical to work. [Yanko Design]


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News from the world of Maths
December 9, 2014
There's mathematical comedy behind door 9!
December 9, 2014
The company 23andMe made headlines by launching its DNA testing service in the UK. But how are the risks of developing a disease calculated?
December 8, 2014
Watch the lectures given by the five winners of the Breakthrough Prize in maths, including Terence Tao and Richard Taylor!
December 8, 2014
An epic battle and more for kids hides behind door 8.
December 7, 2014
If it's seven, you're not alone...
December 6, 2014
There's beauty behind door 6!
December 5, 2014
Door 5 opens to a mathematical journey.
December 4, 2014
Win the Christmas day games against your relatives with the help of what's behind door number 4!


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Spice of the Month: Ground Ginger Featured
- font size decrease font size increase font size
Authors: Food Network
This popular ingredient can spice up more than gingerbread cookies. Get the basics plus winter warming healthy recipes.
Ginger Basics
This culinary spice dates back close to 4500 years ago where it was used in southeastern Asia, China, and India. The Romans brought it from China about 2000 years ago; it then spread throughout Europe.
Today ginger is produced in India, China, Nigeria, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand. In the United States, main producers include California, Hawaii and Florida.
Ginger has a spicy, earthy flavor that compliments nutmeg or cinnamon.
Nutrition Info
One teaspoon of ground ginger has 6 calories and 23% of your daily recommended dose of manganese. It also has a bit of vitamins E and B6, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc and selenium. It's also packed with antioxidants like gingerols, shogaols and zingerones.
What To Do With Ginger
Spice up carrots, sweet potatoes, or fruit salad with a sprinkle or add to cake, muffin or cookie batter. You can also substitute ¼ teaspoon of ground ginger for 1 teaspoon of freshly grated ginger in most savory or sweet recipes.
Storage Tips
Store ground ginger in a cool, dry place for up to 2 years. It should maintain a strong, potent scent.
Recipes to try:


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No matter how hard you try, it is difficult to organize and store your belongings without a little help. Sometimes that old wooden shelf in the garage or that single bar in your closet just isn't going to cut it. That's where Sam's Club comes in.
If you're organizing the closets in your home, get the hardware and supplies you need to do it right. From 3-tier shoe racks, to 5-tier shelves, to complete solid mahogany walk-in closet organization kit, you can pick up whatever you need for jobs big or small. Once you get the framework ready, you can start adding all sorts of convenient pieces such as quality wooden hangers, pull-out valet rods, side pant load racks or tie and belt hangers. You can have the closet of your dreams, at a price you can afford.
If you're like most people, your garage could use some help as well. Stock up on heavy-duty, stainless steel garage shelves and cabinets. You can also find a variety of stationary and rolling workbenches with drawers or pegboards. Now you can store your tools and everything else in your garage with ease.
Home organization supplies are great for every room of the house. Add a shelf for toys in the play room, a bookshelf in the den or a craft room organizer rack complete with shelves and baskets for easy storage.
Are you moving anytime soon? Sam's Club also has great deals on moving boxes, moving supplies and home storage.
Find the home organization and storage supplies you're looking for at the prices you can afford when you shop at Sam's Club.


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The Boori Casa Cot Bed is a superb softly curved cot that features a dropside for easy baby access. The cot converts to a toddler bed and sofa enabling more use out of your cot!
The recommended mattress size for the Boori Casa Cot Bed is 132 x 70cm. There are three mattresses available from Boori that will fit this cot. They vary in their features and thickness.
Please contact us directly for a correct shipping quote. Prices at checkout may not be accurate. Phone: (03) 62 725657 or email: email@example.com
Ciguena Bebe aims to have goods delivered within 2-3 working days from date of purchase to most destinations in Australia. Delivery may take up to 7 working days for remote locations. Delivery to most Tasmanian destinations is overnight. Please allow up to 28 working days for products that may not be in stock as our online stock levels lag behind our store ones. We will contact you via email in the event of an item being out of stock.
Shipping is calculated based on the total weight of items purchased and the delivery location. Large items such as cots, prams and car seats will be charged based on cubic kilograms.
Once goods are received by our carrier, the risk of loss and title pass directly onto the customer. If the destination address is unattended at the time of delivery, the costs associated with re-delivery are the responsibility of the customer. Ciguena Bebe is not responsible for delivery received by unauthorized persons.
Ciguena Bebe will price match any online or local competitors prices according to these conditions; Competitor must be based in Australia; Competitors price must be current and available for us to view; Competitor must have item in stock; Product must be a standard item that Ciguena Bebe stock; We do not match liquidations, auction sites and sellouts; Product must be identical; All price matching needs to include freight and delivery costs; Verbal and written quotes will not be accepted; No further discounts apply to price matching; Product must be boxed and brand new - display stock is not included; Price match policy cannot be used in conjunction with any other Ciguena Bebe promotion and/or offer; Price match is only available at the time of purchase; Ciguena Bebe reserve the right to refuse a price match; This policy can be changed or withdrawn at any time without notice.
Ciguena Bebe offers a massive 6 month layby term with only an initial 20% deposit. You can layby your products using one of the following methods;
At checkout, use the pay by direct debit option. Write 'Layby Option' in the comment area provided and proceed. After concluding your checkout, calculate 20% of your cart total and deposit this amount into our account using the bank details provided. Please make sure you label your deposit with your online internet reference order number.
Call us on (03)62 725657 and we can process your layby via the phone.
Just ask to layby your products when shopping with us in store.


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Clockwork Green is bringing state-of-the-art analytical chemistry and molecular biology tools into field ecological research, allowing us to understand the ecological consequences for a plant of having an internal circadian clock which is "not in tune" with its environment at each stage in its life cycle.
Establishment of 7 toolboxes for the ClockworkGreen project (2012-2013.9)
1. Creating Nicotiana attenuata plants that are silenced in the expression of their circadian clock genes
We silenced several key components of N. attenuata's endogenous clock by RNAi using inverted repeat (IR) constructs in isogenic plants. We are currently focusing on the characterization of the silenced lines of LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY), TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (TOC1), and ZEITLUPE (ZTL).
Publication: Yon, F., Seo, P. J., Ryu, J. Y., Park, C.-M., Baldwin, I. T., Kim, S.-G. (2012). Identification and characterization of circadian clock genes in a native tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata. BMC Plant Biology, 12: 172.
2. A 'Real-time' gene manipulation system
We developed inducible gene manipulation system for analyzing the importance of the plant´s ability to adjust its circadian clock to changing environmental conditions in its native habitat. We used the chimeric LhGR-N>>pOp6 system, which is extremely sensitive to minute amounts of the chemical inducer, dexamethasone (DEX). Separating the genomic location of the inducer (35S:LhGR-N) and the reporter (pOp6:xxx) constructs by independent transformation, creates plants with almost silent promoter activity in the absence of DEX. We have transformed N. attenuata plants with LhGR-N and pOp6 reporter constructs to test both, inducible overexpression and gene silencing. Overexpression is tested by using a pOp6:Atipt (Agrobacterium tumefaciens isopentenyltransferase) reporter that leads to local morphological defects when activated. To screen the effectiveness of inducible gene silencing we are using pOp6:irNaPDS (Nicotiana attenuata phytoenedesaturase), a reporter that is frequently used in our group as a visual control for transient silencing experiments because NaPDS-silencing generates photobleaching in silenced tissues (e.g. Wu et al. 2007, The Plant Cell 19 pp. 1069-1121; Meldau et al. 2011, New Phytologist 189, 1143-1156). The rapid appearance of the visual phenotypes of both constructs allowed us to test their effectiveness under field conditions.
Publication: Schäfer, M., Brütting, C., Gase, K., Reichelt, M., Baldwin, I. T., Meldau, S. (2013). "Real time" genetic manipulation: a new tool for ecological field studies. The Plant Journal. doi:10.1111/tpj.12301.
3. 'Real-time' volatile measurement system in the field
Plant volatiles (PVs) mediate interactions between plants and arthropods, microbes, and other plants, and are involved in responses to abiotic stresses. However, PVs are usually sampled in the artificial environments of laboratories or climate chambers. Sampling of PVs in natural environments is difficult, limited by requirements to transport, maintain, and power instruments, or to employ expensive sorbent devices in replicate. We developed a method for collecting PVs under the field conditions by using polydimethysiloxane (PDMS), a sorbent commonly used for PV sampling. Coupling with thermal desorption (TD)-GC-MS analysis – a 40-year-old and widely available technology – yields reproducible, sensitive, spatiotemporally resolved, quantitative data from headspace samples taken in natural environments.
Manuscript in preparation: Mario Kallenbach, Youngjoo Oh, Daniel Veit, Ian T. Baldwin, Meredith C. Schuman. A robust, simple, high-throughput technique for time-resolved plant volatile analysis in field experiments.
4. New method for network analysis
We created a 66K full-transcriptome microarray (GEO accession number: GPL13527) and UPLC-TOF-MS method (Kim et al., in submission) to identify circadian maker genes and metabolites, respectively. Total 134 chips (44K) and 76 chips (66K) were used to analyze circadian rhythm of transcriptome in three different tissues (GEO accession GSE30287). Ca. 900 runs on an UPLC-ToF-MS were performed to analyze circadian rhythms in the metabolomes of different plant tissues.
To examine the roles of the circadian clock for plant defense, we first designed a novel approach of combining an extended Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) based dimensionality reduction method with bootstrap-based non-parametric ANOVA models to identify the onset and context of signaling and metabolic pathway activations.
Kim, S.-G., Yon, F., Gaquerel, E., Gulati, J., Baldwin, I. T. (2011). Tissue specific diurnal rhythms of metabolites and their regulation during herbivore attack in a native tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata. PLoS One, 6(10), e26214.
Gulati, J., Kim, S.-G., Baldwin, I. T., Gaquerel, E. (2013). Deciphering herbivory-induced gene-to-metabolite dynamics in Nicotiana attenuata tissues using a multifactorial approach. Plant Physiology, 162(2), 1042-1059.
5. Genome sequencing of N. attenuata
The sequencing of the Nicotiana attenuata (accession Utah WT) genome was approved for funding in May, 2011 and is being conducted at the MPG Sequencing Center at the MPI for Molecular Genetics in Berlin. The project has been started with Illumina paired end sequencing. Full assembly of the genome is expected to be finished by the end 2013.
6. Tent project
The main objective of the tent is to investigate pollination and oviposition behavior of Manduca sexta (Sphingidae), and other hawkmoths, by manipulating different plant traits of Nicotiana attenuata (Solanaceae) including the circadian rhythms in flowers. Unlike in the field, we are able to measure ecological interactions of one single insect species and a line of transgeneic plants at a time, which allows for deeper insights in the evolution of certain plant traits and helps to bring the important plant-insect interactions to light. The large size and the air-permeable cover of the tent permits the study of plant-insect interactions in a simulated natural environment. The permanent air flow through the mesh avoids volatile accumulation in the tent, unlike in a glasshouse. As a consequence, M. sexta shows oviposition and nectaring behaviors comparable to those observed in the field – only one egg per plant is laid. Experiments in the tent will be used to complement field research in Utah and allow for the rigor dissection of these complicated plant-pollinator interactions under conditions under which the pollinator behavior matches those of pollinators in the field.
7. High-Resolution digital imaging
We are developing high-resolution digital imaging system to characterize several circadian rhythms in N. attenuata. For this work, we are collaborating with Prof. Dr. Thomas Altmann (the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, IPK).


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Your online community
Your online community
AdventHealth Celebration seeks to hire a Registered Professional Nurse who will embrace our mission to extend the healing ministry of Christ.
Established in 1997 and now a 203-bed hospital, AdventHealth Celebration Health was designed as a Mediterranean resort-style facility to serve as a cornerstone of health in Disney's planned community of Celebration, Florida. The hospital consistently delivers a state-of-the-art healing environment to residents of Osceola, Orange, Polk and Lake Counties, as well as to visitors from across the United States and the world. All within a "living laboratory" of groundbreaking, research-driven clinical solutions that integrate mind, body and spirit in the defeat of illness and disease.
Full Time; 3/12s, 6:45p - 7:15 am
The Registered Professional Nurse (RN) is responsible for providing and supervising direct and indirect total nursing care responsibilities to identified age specific groups. Utilizes the nursing process (assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating) in achieving the goals of the nursing department. Adheres to the Florida Hospital Corporate Compliance Plan and to all rules and regulations of all applicable local, state and federal agencies and accrediting bodies. Actively participates in outstanding customer service and accepts responsibility in maintaining relationships that are equally respectful to all.
Demonstrates through behavior AdventHealth's Core Values of Keep Me Safe, Love Me, Make it Easy, and Own it as outlined in the organization's Performance Excellence Program.
If you want to be a part of a team that is dedicated to delivering the highest quality in patient care, we invite you to explore the Registered Professional Nurse opportunity with AdventHealth Celebration and apply online today.
RN, Registered Nurse, Surgical PCU, Nights, Celebration


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Vasavya's Humanism and Professionalism for Development
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Productivity Gains Through Culture, Visuality, and Collaboration (Part 2): The Importance of Organizational Culture and Leadership
In my previous post, I described the challenges senior management faces in scaling collaboration capabilities to address business needs and the way work is done today.
Electronic and whiteboard displays, lean practices, and collaboration tools by themselves are clearly not enough. Management needs to take a holistic approach to develop and integrate capabilities in three areas to address the challenge of capturing the next wave of productivity gains: culture and leadership, extended workplace visuality, and pervasive collaboration.
Organizational culture and leadership are probably the single most important factors in enabling gains in employee productivity and innovation that result from knowledge work. Morten Hansen, in his book Collaboration: How Leaders Avoid the Traps, Create Unity, and Reap Big Results, provides an excellent perspective on what management can do to identify barriers to collaboration and design solutions to overcome them. Most of these barriers are cultural and particularly severe in large global corporations with multiple business units, complex matrix organizational structures, and operations that span multiple countries.For example, the "Not Invented Here" barrier describes a culture in which employees are unwilling to reach out to others in different business units, geographies, or a different organization. The "Hoarding" barrier suggests a culture in which employees believe that "knowledge is power" and hesitate to share information and insight with others. The "Search" barrier results when employees are unable to find the right information and people with whom to collaborate, and the "Transfer" barrier occurs when employees find it difficult to share and disseminate experiential knowledge.
Hansen suggests solutions that management can implement to address collaboration barriers specific to their own companies. These solutions include creating a set of unifying goals to unify people, implementing a common business vocabulary, implementing a culture of transparency and accountability in decision making, and making it clear that even those with lofty titles must collaborate effectively for the business to grow and run profitably.
A second solution is focused on cultivating "T-shaped" talent. This includes employees who not only excel in their own work, but also know how and when to collaborate with others. In fact, knowing when to collaborate is extremely important because collaboration does not come for free; employees have to invest their time and effort in reaching out to others, sharing information and context with them, involving them in discussions and decisions, and incorporating their input. And this investment costs the company in terms of opportunity cost and employee productivity. Hansen suggests a simple formula for deciding when to collaborate: collaborate only when the benefits from collaboration exceed the opportunity cost (i.e., projects or other work that employees would be doing if they were not working on collaboration) and the cost of collaboration itself (i.e., time and effort spent reaching out to others, traveling, arranging meetings, and so forth).
Performance evaluation systems that incentivize, motivate, recognize, and reward the right collaborative behaviors also need to be in place. Employees should be encouraged to build companywide networks to be more effective in their jobs. Knowing who to reach out to, who are key decision makers, and who are subject-matter experts are all factors that can make collaboration both efficient and effective in globally dispersed organizations. Employee networks are the basis of a "Networked Organization" that can overcome limitations of functional and hierarchical silos to enable virtual teams comprising the best experience and expertise required for a specific project or task (please see figure below).
Source: Cisco IBSG, 2012
How is your company addressing "culture and leadership" to enable effective collaboration? What is your company doing to address barriers related to functional, hierarchical, and geographical boundaries? I am interested in your thoughts.
In Part 3 of this four-part series, I will continue to describe the framework introduced above, and provide additional details on "Extended Workplace Visuality" and "Pervasive Collaboration."
In an effort to keep conversations fresh, Cisco Blogs closes comments after 60 days. Please visit the Cisco Blogs hub page for the latest content.


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By Lindsay Beyerstein, Media Consortium blogger
This week marks the final edition of the Weekly Audit. It has been a pleasure compiling the best financial and economic writing in the Media Consortium. Thanks to all the contributors whose work we've showcased and to all the loyal readers who have shared in this experience.
Debt Ceiling 101
As the Weekly Audit wraps up, we're looking ahead to some critical economic issues facing the country. Christen Simeral and Veronica Beebe of The American Prospect explain what the debt ceiling is and why the debate over raising it is shaping up to be the political battle of the year.
In short, the debt ceiling is the maximum amount the government can borrow. The debt ceiling is currently $14.294 trillion. At the current rate of spending, we're due to hit the wall around May 16, if Congress doesn't vote to raise it. Usually, raising the debt ceiling is a formality. Congress has voted to raise the debt ceiling 10 times in the last 10 years.
If the debt ceiling isn't raised, the government can't take on any new spending commitments. Worse still, the government may not have the cash it needs to pay tax refunds, Social Security payments, and other critical disbursements. Failing to raise the debt ceiling would hurt the U.S.'s credibility in global markets, making it more expensive for us to borrow money in the future.
The war on unions
All across the country, right wingers are trying to turn union workers into scapegoats for the nation's economic woes.
Right wing media baron Andrew Breitbart tried to frame some labor history instructors at the university of Missouri by deceptively splicing together hours of classroom footage to make it look like the professors were advocating violence and sabotage, Dave Gilson of Mother Jones reports. The unedited video shows that the instructors are discussing the bloody history of the American labor movement, in which violence has overwhelmingly been perpetrated by management against workers.
NAFTA reprise
Multinational corporations are renewing their lobbying push for more NAFTA-like trade deals, Michelle Chen reports for Colorlines.com:
The construction giant Caterpillar is reportedly planning to treat its workers to steaming cups of Colombian coffee in the coming weeks, to warm them to the benefits of doing business with their "partners" in Latin America. While employees enjoy their break, lobbyists will be working hard, in their name, to peddle so-called "open markets" in Colombia, Panama and South Korea.
Chen reports that lobbyists for multinationals are besieging Congress to push for three new accords. The Panama deal is expected to be first on the agenda. Advocates for fair trade have been fighting these deals since the George W. Bush administration.
The push for deregulated international trade is on at the state level, too. The conservative American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) is handing out boilerplate resolutions to state representatives urging Congress to approve the trade deals. Chen notes that the Koch Foundation is among the major backers of ALEC.
High gas prices
Gas prices have long been seen as a bellweather of the electorate's state of mind. When gas is cheap, incumbents rest a little easier. When gas prices rise, challengers start licking their chops. Daniel J. Weiss and Valeri Vasquez report in Campus Progress that rising gas prices are frustrating consumers and enriching speculators:
This year "it's like déjà vu all over again." Oil prices are rising to heights not seen since 2008. Oil rose from $85 per barrel to $112 per barrel in a little more than two months--a whopping one-third leap. Gasoline prices have followed along, rising by 70 cents per gallon--or 23 percent--during this same time. As our economy struggles to recover from the Great Recession, Americans are again forced to pinch pennies to afford their commute to work, school, and worship. Meanwhile, oil companies prepare to reap record profits in the first quarter of 2011.
The authors note this combination of rising pump prices and soaring corporate profits looks an awful lot like the oil shock of 2008, which helped push the economy into recession.
Archives from The Weekly Audit can be found here and will remain posted at this site. If you'd like see more top news and headlines from independent media outlets, please follow us on Twitter, or fan The Media Consortium on Facebook.


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Kathleen Helen Burns, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Pathology
Expertise: Hematologic Pathology, Hematopathology, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Pathology
Research Interests: Roles of transposable elements and other mobile DNAs in human disease
Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center
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Phone: 410-955-9790
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Much of our genome is highly repetitive sequence derived from self-propagating mobile DNAs.
Dr. Burns is a physician-scientist and practicing hematopathologist at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. Her research laboratory studies roles mobile DNAs play in human disease. She was one of the first people to develop a targeted method for amplifying mobile DNA insertion sites in the human genome, and showed that these are a significant source of structural variation. This was published in her first last author paper in Cell in 2010. Since that time, her laboratory has developed a monoclonal antibody to one of the proteins encoded for by Long INterspersed Element-1 (LINE-1) and showed its aberrant expression in a wide breadth of human cancers. She is interested to explore the utility of this protein as a clinical biomarker. As part of a Center for the Systems Biology of Retrotransposition, her group is continuing to develop high throughput tools to characterize these understudied sequences in genomes and to understand mechanisms underlying the expression and genetic stability of interspersed repeats in normal and malignant tissues. Finally, she has two R01 awards to study functional consequences of inherited sequence variants, and exciting evidence that these predispose to cancer risk and other disease phenotypes. Her lab is using a combination of genome wide association study (GWAS) analyses, custom RNA-seq analyses, semi-high throughput gene expression reporter assays, and murine models to pursue this hypothesis. Dr. Burns enjoys teaching and problem solving at the lab bench, and her research group includes postdoctoral fellows and graduate students.
Kathy completed her M.D., Ph.D. at Baylor College of Medicine and was recruited to Johns Hopkins for CP residency training in 2004. She served as Chief Resident in 2006. She participates in several activities within the Department of Pathology and is the Department Deputy Director for Research.
- Professor of Pathology
- Professor of Oncology
Departments / Divisions
- Oncology - Hematologic Malignancies
- Pathology - Hematologic Pathology
- MD PhD, Baylor College of Medicine (2004)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine / Pathology (2007)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine / Pathology (2008)
Board Certifications
- American Board of Pathology / Clinical Pathology (2008)
- American Board of Pathology / Hematopathology (2019)
Research & Publications
Research Summary
My research laboratory studies roles mobile DNAs play in human disease. Our group was one of the first to develop a targeted method for amplifying mobile DNA insertion sites in the human genome, and we showed that these are a significant source of structural variation (Cell, 2010). Since that time, my group has continued to develop high throughput tools to characterize these understudied sequences in genomes and to describe the expression and genetic stability of interspersed repeats in normal and malignant tissues. We have developed a monoclonal antibody to one of the proteins encoded for by Long INterspersed Element-1 (LINE-1) and showed its aberrant expression in a wide breadth of human cancers (Am J Pathology, 2014). We have demonstrated acquired LINE-1 insertion events during the evolution of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and other gastrointestinal tract tumors (Nat Med, 2015). We have major projects focused on studying functional consequences of inherited sequence variants, and exciting evidence that these predispose to cancer risk and other disease phenotypes. My laboratory is using a combination of genome wide association study (GWAS) analyses, custom RNA-seq analyses, semi-high throughput gene expression reporter assays, and murine models to pursue this hypothesis.
Lab Website: The Burns laboratory
Selected PublicationsView all on Pubmed
Rodic N, Steranka JP, Makohon-Moore A, Moyer A, Shen P, Sharma R, Kohutek ZA, Huang CR, Ahn D, Mita P, Taylor MS, Barker NJ, Hruban RH, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA,Boeke JD, Burns KH. Retrotransposon insertions in the clonal evolution of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Nat Med. 2015 Sep;21(9):1060-4. doi:10.1038/nm.3919. Epub 2015 Aug 10. PubMed PMID: 26259033; PubMed Central PMCID:PMC4775273.
Rodic N, Sharma R, Sharma R, Zampella J, Dai L, Taylor MS, Hruban RH, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Maitra A, Torbenson MS, Goggins M, Shih IeM, Duffield AS, Montgomery EA, Gabrielson E, Netto GJ, Lotan TL, De Marzo AM, Westra W, Binder ZA, Orr BA, Gallia GL, Eberhart CG, Boeke JD, Harris CR, Burns KH. Long interspersed element-1 protein expression is a hallmark of many human cancers. Am J Pathol. 2014 May;184(5):1280-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.007. Epub 2014 Mar 6. PubMed PMID: 24607009; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4005969.
Huang CR, Burns KH, Boeke JD. Active transposition in genomes. Annu Rev Genet. 2012;46:651-75. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155616. Review. PubMed PMID: 23145912; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3612533.
Burns KH, Boeke JD. Human transposon tectonics. Cell. 2012 May 11;149(4):740-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.04.019. Review. PubMed PMID: 22579280; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3370394.
Huang CR, Schneider AM, Lu Y, Niranjan T, Shen P, Robinson MA, Steranka JP, Valle D, Civin CI, Wang T, Wheelan SJ, Ji H, Boeke JD, Burns KH. Mobile interspersed repeats are major structural variants in the human genome. Cell. 2010 Jun 25;141(7):1171-82. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.05.026. PubMed PMID: 20602999; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2943426.
Academic Affiliations & Courses
Graduate Program Affiliation
Pathobiology Graduate Program
Activities & Honors
- National Merit Scholar, 1993
- National Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship, 1995
- National Graduate Scholarship, Phi Kappa Phi, 1997
- National Graduate Scholarship, Alpha Lambda Delta, 1997
- Summa cum laude graduate, University of Southern Mississippi, 1997
- Research T32 Fellowship Award, National Eye Institute, 2001
- Lalor Foundation Travel Award, Society for the Study of Reproduction, 2002
- M.S.T.P. Research Publication Award, Baylor College of Medicine, 2003
- Outstanding Graduate Student, Baylor College of Medicine, 2004
- 10thAnnual Young Investigators' Day Award for Excellence in Basic Research, Johns Hopkins University, 2008
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Fellow Research Day Honorable Mention for Basic Research, Johns Hopkins University, 2008
- Career Award for Medical Scientists (CAMS), Burroughs Wellcome Fund, 2008
- M.S.T.P. Student's Choice Award and Lectureship, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2014
- American Society of Clinical Pathology
- American Society of Hematology
- United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology
Videos & Media
Lectures and Presentations
Cancer Biology and The "Junk" Genome
Partnering for Discovery Seminar; Turner Concourse (01/14/2015)
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
New Perspectives on Junk DNA; Keynote speaker
Medical Scientist Training Program, 5th Annual MD/PhD Student's Choice Award Recipient (01/15/2014)
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Five Steps Further: A Guide to Research
Undergraduate Research Symposium; College of Arts and Letters and the Center for Undergraduate Research (01/11/2014)
University of Southern Mississippi
Mapping and Functional Analysis of Transposable Element Insertions; Transposable Elements in the Brain and Other Tissues: Prevalence and Function Banbury Center
Cold Spring Harbor (01/01/2013)
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Profiling L1 and Alu Retrotransposon Polymorphism in Normal Samples and Cancer Cell Panels; A New Horizon of Retroposon Research
63rd Annual Fujihara Seminar Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyoto (01/31/2012)
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Repetitive DNA, DNA, DNA; PCTB 517
Center for Computational Genomics Seminar (01/14/2012)
Johns Hopkins Universiry School of Medicine
The Mobile Genome: Genetic and Physiological Impacts of Transposable Elements
Invited speaker, EMBO/EMBL Symposium, EMBL Advance Training Center (ATC), Heidelberg, Germany (09/17/2015)
Recent News Articles and Media Coverage
Kathleen Burns on Mobile DNA and Cancer (Fundamentals)
Patient Ratings & Comments
The Patient Rating score is an average of all responses to physician related questions on the national CG-CAHPS Medical Practice patient experience survey through Press Ganey. Responses are measured on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the best score. Comments are also gathered from our CG-CAHPS Medical Practice Survey through Press Ganey and displayed in their entirety. Patients are de-identified for confidentiality and patient privacy.
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Wednesday, March 30, 2011
What I Learned Wednesday: 30 March 2011
The Saturday presentations were divided into four tracks of four presentations each. I chose the "Putting the Pieces Together" track, since it focused on some of the skills I need at this point in my research. This and the "Western European Research" track were shared by Warren Bittner and Leslie Albrecht Huber. The four presentations I attended were "Putting the Pieces Together: An Urban Case Study" by Bittner, "The Journey Takers" by Huber, "Welcome to the Library: Reading to Put Your Ancestors Into Historical Context" by Bittner, and "Understanding and Researching Illegitimacy: The Bittner Bastards of Bavaria" by Bittner. This last one was actually in the Western European Research track, but I found it to be a good illustration of many of the points from "Welcome to the Library."
"Putting the Pieces Together" centered on research in New York City, so many of the techniques discussed will help in researching my husband's family. Bittner covered a wide range of resources to check, but singled out city directories as an invaluable resource, particularly when no joy is to be found in the census. He showed how knowing where an ancestor lived and worked from year to year could be used in "reasonably exhaustive research."
Before attending Leslie's "The Journey Takers" I bought a copy of her book of the same name, and the lecture definitely whetted my appetite to get started on the book. I loved Leslie's descriptions of how her obsession with her family's history led her to immerse herself as completely as possible by spending time in Germany and often doing research under less than favorable circumstances. The historical background she provided in this presentation reinforced Warren's points in the next lecture about learning everything you can about the time and place in which your ancestors lived.
"Welcome to the Library" was a truly inspirational presentation; during the break I spoke with a lady sitting next to me, and we both agreed that we couldn't wait to dig into some of the historical and sociological resources pertaining to our ancestors. In addition to giving an extensive list of the types of history books to read, Bittner emphasized that "A good family history should also be a good microhistory." I love this idea and am becoming a huge fan of microhistory. Bittner also spoke about the lasting effect exerted by certain seminal works of microhistory.
In the "Bitter Bastards" presentation, Bittner pulled all the threads together and illustrated how studies have demonstrated which factors influence legitimacy and which factors (surprisingly) do not. One of his main points was that when we research our ancestors, particularly those from a time and location distant from our own, we must throw out all preconceived notions about how our ancestors lived and how they viewed things, particularly those notions which are based on how we live and how we view things; we usually project too much of ourselves and our own experience.
In theme and content these presentations were beautifully woven together, and I came away with both inspiration and new knowledge and ideas for my research.
5 comments:
What a good experience you had! So encouraging to hear how theme tracks are being developed well-developed in a one-day format.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousMarch 30, 2011 at 7:03 PM
One of his main points was that when we research our ancestors, particularly those from a time and location distant from our own, we must throw out all preconceived notions about how our ancestors lived and how they viewed things, particularly those notions which are based on how we live and how we view things; we usually project too much of ourselves and our own experience.ReplyDelete
I. Love. That.
There wouldn't be nearly as much angst about discussion of what descendants often feel should be family "secrets" if everyone could remember that.
These sound like great presentations! I to am focusing more on the socialogical history and local histories of my ancestral homes. I think it's a great way to bring my ancestors more to life in print.ReplyDelete
Sounds like a great event. Thank you for sharing!ReplyDelete
BDM - Yes, the conference organizers really put this one together well, and Warren and Leslie were great presenters.ReplyDelete
dee - Exactly - this is the kind of distance and perspective we need to have about the events in our ancestors' lives. We get tripped up by seeing them through our own lens.
KotT - I especially liked the reading lists that both speakers provided - definitely going to look out for some of these works.
Amy - Hey, I'm taking you as my model for reporting on genealogy events!


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Whole-grain bread rolls
There are not many things that can beat the whole grain bread, unless it's 8 delicious little whole grain breadrolls ;-) These are perfect for breakfast, and you can easily prepare and bake them in one evening, for e.g. Sunday breakfast! :-)
My fool-proof recipe will be a great fun, and a good addition to your baking arsenal.
When you make your own pasta, you will always end up with some scraps, even more if you make ravioli. You can easily recycle this leftover pasta to make maltagliati, meaning "poorly cut" in Italian, which was traditionally meant as food for the poor. We are way past that, and today you can enjoy rich texture and amazing flavor of your pasta without the social stigma ;-)
German Zimtsterne (cinnamon almond cookies)
I always wanted to make these, and finally got the guts — oh boy, I wasn't really prepared for the amount of nitty-gritty with making these. I started with original German recipe that called for 500g of almonds, but that ended up being 2 full baking sheets and lots of sneaky snacking between steps ;-) But the result is good, and these cookies are worth the effort.
Orange cheese-tart
I didn't plan to make this cake at all, what I did plan was apple tart with apricot jelly... Well, sometimes I just change my mind, especially while experimenting in the kitchen :-) The result is interesting, refreshing and citrusy! :-) If you don't like the strong orange aroma, you can replace them with any soft and sweet fruit: peaches, pears, and apricots should do fine!
Teriyaki pork strips with shallots bento
This simple recipe requires only 3 ingredients: sliced pork loin (already mentioned minute steaks or easy steaks), shallots and teriyaki sauce. It's also one of the lazy recipes — part of it you can prepare evening before, and finish it quickly before serving or packing your bento box. Plus, marinating for a long time allows increased flavors to transfer easily across the meat!


text: Vocore: mounting USB drives 03 January 2015 david Code So my next piece of work on the Vocore was to mount the filesystem from a USB stick. I found some instructions here. So I started adding all the necessary kernel modules, hoping that it would be as simple as getting the USB soundcard to work. It wasn't quite that easy. I thought that I had done everything, but just got strange messages when I tried to mount the disk. Then I found this helpful link. It described exactly what I was seeing. In short, you can't rely on the error messages being returned by mount on OpenWrt. So to diagnose the problem, the most important thing was using the logread command to get some ideas why the USB drive was not mounting. In my case (I was mounting a vfat formatted thumbdrive) I needed to add support for Codepage 437 and ISO 8859–1 into the kernel. So when building OpenWrt, I needed to go into Kernel Modules -> Native Language Support, like this: But both those character set problems were quite clear from the log entries, so working out what I needed to do wasn't that difficult … once I knew that I should not trust the error messages being returned by mount. And I did find some more detailed information about filesystems and character set problems here … albeit for a different type of device, but I think the principle is the same. Anyway, as soon as I added the extra modules for the correct character sets then everything came to life and I could mount the USB disk. Happy days. So now I can play audio files from USB storage, which works great.