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Accordance and the Competition
Posted 13 July 2006 - 11:22 AM
In another thread of this forum, someone recently asked for "concrete information" about the release date of a competing product. That thread has now been closed, mainly because it was old and had so many posts as to make it unwieldy. I'm opening this thread as a way to address some of that user's concerns, and to give it a more general focus: namely, how Accordance stacks up against all the competition, as opposed to just one competing product.
With respect to the request for "concrete information" about the release date of a competing product, it doesn't appear that there is any. A look at that competitor's web-site will reveal that the "official launch is planned for�late fall 2006." Meanwhile, their web banners still read "Spring 2006." And at a recent presentation of that software here in Orlando (yes, I attended), the presenter told the audience the Mac version would be available "this winter."
I understand the appeal of new Bible study programs coming to the Mac. Besides the natural curiosity about whether the grass is really greener somewhere else, some of these competing products do offer materials which Accordance does not offer.
The user who posted to that other thread explained that while he's generally happy with Accordance, he is not "religiously devoted" to it, and that he would be tempted to purchase another product "if/when [it] finally gets off the ground, and works, and works well." In my opinion, that's a perfectly reasonable approach. We're not looking for users who are "religiously devoted to Accordance." We want our users to purchase Accordance instead of the competition because it's better. Where a competing product offers something you absolutely must have that Accordance simply doesn't offer, buy that product with our blessing.
Assessing the Competition
However, I would encourage you to take a good hard look at competing products before you purchase them, rather than just buying into all the marketing hype. Here are some things to consider:
1. Where Accordance is concerned, Mac users are not an afterthought. Windows developers who port to Mac are, by definition, merely trying to supplement their existing revenue and user base. When it comes to allocating development resources, where do you think they're going to concentrate their efforts?
2. Where Accordance is concerned, Mac interface standards are not an afterthought. Another program may look appealing on paper, but if its interface is unwieldy, you won't end up using it, and what looked like a "good deal" will simply become money that's been wasted. This has largely been the reaction of users who purchased another recent Windows port.
3. Don't be taken in by boasts of quantity. The question should never be "how many books do I get?" but "Which books do I get?" Many large collections are sold for exorbitant sums because they offer a few key resources which you probably will use, and a bunch of material which you probably won't use.
I'm confident that if users consider these factors, they'll choose Accordance as their main Bible program every time. That doesn't mean they won't have cause to supplement with other programs in order to have access to materials Accordance doesn't offer. If you absolutely HAVE to have an anti-semitic Greek lexicon which propagates the "etymological fallacy," then by all means feel free to buy another product to get it. But if you want a dozen or so Greek lexicons you can actually USE, your best bet is to stick with Accordance.
Future Strategy
Okay, there's my sales pitch. Now there's just one last point I need to address: where do we go from here? The user who posted on this issue closed his post by musing about our options in the face of additional competition. Do we respond by focusing on high-end, specialized original language resources? Do we concentrate on best-selling popular titles like the Prayer of Jabez and Your Best Life Now? Or do we try to fall somewhere between?
My question is this: Why do people seem to think we need to make some radical shift in strategy because some big company is entering the Mac market? Believe it or not, we've been competing with all these companies for years. The platform difference has been something of a buffer, but not really. As long as our users have been aware of what other companies offer, they've been pushing us to do the same things. So our strategy isn't going to change, and we certainly have no intention of conceding any part of the Mac market to the other guys (since we don't think any Mac users are really going to be happy with them anyway).
Here's our strategy in a nutshell:
1. We're committed to remaining the leader in original language and scholarly resources. Our users who rely on these materials can continue to expect some really exciting new modules in the very near future.
2. We're committed to offering the best resources we can for pastoral and personal study. Look for lots of new commentaries (like Word), study Bibles, etc. and a new Library CD-ROM which is packed with cool new stuff.
Don't expect books like the popular self-help/Christian living books mentioned above. Who wants to read books like that on a computer anyway? Our focus is on reference material which is most useful in an electronic form.
3. We're committed to offering cutting-edge program features which are of use to BOTH audiences.
All this has been our strategy from the very beginning, and it's why Accordance is consistently praised as the best Bible software available on any platform. About the only area where we seriously lag behind the competition is in marketing muscle and spin. That's why we need you, our users to continue evangelizing Accordance's superiority.
David Lang
Accordance Developer
Posted 13 July 2006 - 11:40 AM
Your assessment of the competition was balanced and fair and decidedly neutral for someone who obviously has a vested interest in Accordance.
Your definitive outline of OakTree's future strategy will I'm sure satisfy all current users and will no doubt attract the attention of current non-users. You should put it on the website under Company Ethos or whatever.
Thanks again
Posted 13 July 2006 - 11:55 AM
Still, I would love to see Accordance become more "open," for a lack of better word. I have in mind everything from improved user tool implementation to maybe even adoption of OSIS file format. It's co-sponsored by American Bible Society and the Society of Biblical Literature. No shabby parters! Would this not help to increase the attractiveness of Accordance? There are many people with XML skills, and this could potentially increase the availiablity of modules and tools Accordance cannot produce. Plus, I like the idea should any unforeseen problems inhibit further development of Accordance or any other software, my investment in modules will not be wasted.
Grace Fallbrook (PCA)
Posted 13 July 2006 - 02:45 PM
I appreciate the info as well and love the upgrade to 7.0.2, especially the fixes in user notes and the version number going away in the menu bar. I'm also glad to know that Purpose Driven and Jabez type materials are not coming to Accordance anytime soon.
I agree that some of this post should be put on the main website for users who don't use the forum to see. Thanks David!
Robb Brunansky
Posted 13 July 2006 - 04:29 PM
We've had repeated requests for the Complete Kittel, but it has never made sense for us to try and e-text--particularly in view of its idiosyncrasies.
David Lang
Accordance Developer
Posted 14 July 2006 - 07:38 AM
At the risk of playing Devil's advocate, what's the point in having an anti-semitic Greek lexicon? What difference would being a Nazi or a homosexual or simply being left-handed make to a Greek lexicon? Hebrew maybe, but Greek?
The point about etymology I understand, however.
Posted 14 July 2006 - 08:57 AM
At the risk of playing Devil's advocate, what's the point in having an anti-semitic Greek lexicon?
Well, Kittel does a lot of work with the Hebrew "parallel" words, and always covers how the words (both Heb and Greek) were used in the OT, by the Rabbis, etc., in addition to use in ancient Greek. His anti-semitism biases his undertanding of the underlying Hebrew words as well as the use of the Greek words in the LXX.
That said, I have Kittel, and I do use it on occasion, although with quite a few grains of salt. I wouldn't spend the money to add it to Accordance, however, even if were available. I'd rather buy NIDNTT and/or (if Accordance were able to acquire it) the upcoming New Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible.
Running Accordance on:
Mac 10.11 (El Capitan)
iOS 9 (iPad)
iOS 11 (iPhone)
Windows 10
[Vista Home Premium before 3/20/2016]
Posted 14 July 2006 - 11:53 AM
Thanks for the explanation, that makes sense.
Posted 14 July 2006 - 01:49 PM
Let's keep this thread on topic, so it stays open.
Chaplain, The Salvation Army
Adult Rehabilitation Center
Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
[email protected]
Ministry Website:
Posted 14 July 2006 - 03:45 PM
Robb Brunansky
Posted 18 July 2006 - 04:40 AM
"OakTree Software, Inc. has been dedicated to the development of "state of the art" products for the Macintosh computer since 1989."
I'm only aware of one product � Accordance. What else has OakTree developed?
Posted 18 July 2006 - 06:20 AM
RE your quote on Logos' software "enabling students to reduce their study time"
and your comment: "Is it really a noble cause to attempt to help people spend LESS time studying the Bible?"
I think what you have here is two people saying the same thing in different ways.
Given a fixed amount of time in which to study, the software helps you learn more
(You say Accordance claims this).
Given a fixed target of data to learn/discover, the software helps you find it faster.
(You say Logos claims this)
Both statements are in fact logically correct, because both are making claims about the efficiency of the study time, namely more work done in less time. N'est pas?
For a busy student/pastor/minister/teacher, the emphasis on less time required could be appealing.
For those with more time on their hands, the emphasis on more info learned could be appealing.
At the end of the day, it's just marketing.
Edited by Alistair, 18 July 2006 - 06:26 AM.
Posted 18 July 2006 - 04:17 PM
By day: Consultant for Oaktree
By night: Freelance Trombonist and Private Instructor
Posted 18 July 2006 - 08:46 PM
If you absolutely HAVE to have an anti-semitic Greek lexicon which propagates the "etymological fallacy," then by all means feel free to buy another product to get it. But if you want a dozen or so Greek lexicons you can actually USE, your best bet is to stick with Accordance.
True laugh out loud moments are rare in forums. This was one of those moments...
Many of us have begged for "big kittel" but we have been kindly told that it won't happen...
As for Accordance vs. Logos & others, I will say it again: I am in seminary, and I find that the people around me with Logos are asking me to look things up in class...
I have made it a bit of a game with a good friend. I show him cool features of accordance, and I challenge him to reproduce it in Logos. He is usually successful, which is good for him because he learns how to do more stuff with his software. The sad thing is that without my little challenges, he would never even know to try. I see a lot of people using Logos with five or six open windows that are not linked together in any fashion, and they manually click between them and look stuff up and move around and such. This wastes a tremendous amount of time.
I had a class recently with Dr. Craig Evans and he gave Accordance a pretty good plug in the last few minutes of one of our sessions. I wish my Accordance had as many installed modules as his
Posted 01 August 2006 - 06:13 AM
While it is true that quality of modules should come first before the range of module offerings, the latter is a come-on for a lot of users, especially "financially challenged" users, and users who don't make money out of studying the Bible and related literature. I hope Oak Tree would package more modules together at a discounted price like you have done recently.
I have also noticed that the range of modules Accordance offers is more "ecumenical," to say the least as it includes Catholic (that's me nominally), Evangelical, mainline Christian, and Jewish works compared to Logos (as seen from their website). I don't know if this will change with the coming commentaries (Commentaries often tell you more about the commentators than you wish to know). I do wish you'd include Hermeneia for consideration, as I think it is the best commentary series, and alone, would make the purchase of Logos worthwhile.
Oak Tree's rather open-minded attitude to developing modules has always been a strength. That's why it was a funny jolt to me to read David's comment on TDNT. I have the printed multivolume work. Though I've not gone through every article thoroughly (I surely don't intend to), I wouldn't hastily label it anti-Semitic anymore than I would label John's gospel as anti-Semitic. Whether Kittel was a Nazi is immaterial, because works of this kind are not to be swallowed in toto (hook, line and sinker). Despite Barr's critique, it is still useful for the wealth of information it gathers in one place (information not available in the abridged version, and information hard to retrieve unless you're an academic in a First World country) and its "idiosyncrasies" are what makes this work curiously interesting.
Posted 01 August 2006 - 10:26 AM
I, too, am curious to see the electronic Hermeneia, but I will not preorder ($500) until I can see and test the final product to see how clean the text is. If it's full of typos, I would rather buy (used) hardcopies, since what is the point of owning a scholarly/reference commentary if you can't be confident about the details? It's hard enough to do textual criticism on the primary texts!
I do wish you'd include Hermeneia for consideration, as I think it is the best commentary series, and alone, would make the purchase of Logos worthwhile.
Good points all... I posted some bibliography on this in another thread several months ago (including a link to a Wayne Meeks paper on Kittel in PDF format), in case that might be of interest to you.
Whether Kittel was a Nazi is immaterial, because works of this kind are not to be swallowed in toto (hook, line and sinker). Despite Barr's critique, it is still useful for the wealth of information it gathers in one place (information not available in the abridged version, and information hard to retrieve unless you're an academic in a First World country) and its "idiosyncrasies" are what makes this work curiously interesting.
Edited by jpkang, 01 August 2006 - 10:33 AM.
Posted 07 August 2006 - 11:51 AM
I have been around the Logos/Bibleworks PC world for quite awhile. I am a user of Accordance for only a year - since I got a Mac. I go back to the days when Logos and BW came on 5 1/2 floppies (and only acouple of them!!), and beta tested for both programs. So I have seen them grow. For years Logos made no real effort to keep up with the scholarly tools. They seemed satisfied to build a big library of all sorts of commentaries, etc. with a low level of serious, language based tools. About 5-7 years ago, they made a commitment to really ratchet up those tools, and they are doing a good job at it. Their interface has always been clunky and comparatively slow. Reviews over the years comparing Logos with BW all seemed to conclude with the same mantra: If you want a big online library, go with Logos. If you want serious language based study, go with BW. Now with Logos 3, they are pulling even with BW.
But you have asked about Logos in relation to Accordance. I think that after a year of using Accordance, I can weigh in with an opinion. I have kept my mouth shut until I learned it and also got more comfortable with my MAC. For ease of use and concording capabilities, Accordance is better. For pricing, Logos is more economical. Yes, as Robb says, you must compare apples with apples (no pun intended). I don't see how you can bring your Accoradnce package to the level of really serious study with the right tools for less than $1000. I know some in this forum will disagree with me, but that is my opinion, and it is based on using Bible software now for nearly 20 years. You can get the next to top level in Logos for less than $1000. BUT, cost is not the only factor to consider.
The Accordance interface is better. The graphical search engine is better. And as hard as it is for a long time PC user to admit, the Mac is better. If you stick with the PC world, my money still goes on BibleWorks, esp. with their version 7 (but the Accordance graphical search engine is better than BW's).
So there, I have outed my self. I have probably said enough to make everyone mad at me, but I think I do have some experience here that qualifies me to offer an opinion.
I guess you must ask the following question: So, am I going to use my PC or my Mac? You see, I use both because I am a professor and I should be able to advise my students on the three serious Bible programs.
I am sure this discussion will continue.
Dr. William Varner
Professor of Greek Exegesis
Director of Israel Bible Extension Program
The Masters College
Posted 08 August 2006 - 06:45 AM
Well said, David. I agree with everything you stated, especially your commitment to producing high quality reference materials over agains works of more popular nature.
Still, I would love to see Accordance become more "open," for a lack of better word. I have in mind everything from improved user tool implementation to maybe even adoption of OSIS file format. It's co-sponsored by American Bible Society and the Society of Biblical Literature. No shabby parters! Would this not help to increase the attractiveness of Accordance? There are many people with XML skills, and this could potentially increase the availiablity of modules and tools Accordance cannot produce. Plus, I like the idea should any unforeseen problems inhibit further development of Accordance or any other software, my investment in modules will not be wasted.
I'm never sure whether I'm supposed to use "new topic" or "new reply". Perhaps David should explain the philosophy of these options, as he does so very well the various features of the program itself!
I finally decided on "reply", simply because after reading all the posts (every one of which was helpful) I had to remind myself who raised the question of preserving our investment in modules. I have no idea how my little "library" of Accordance modules compares in total price with the rest of the users, but I sometimes hesitate in buying a new module that is in the $150 and up range *instead of* buying the print version, reminding myself that the "old technology of a printed book will always be available, since it doesn't depend on a particular (sometimes ephemeral) electronic platform. (Scrooge at work!)
Actually, it isn't so much the monetary investment, but in some cases (User Notes comes to mind) the time and creativity I put into adding appropriate notes and scripture links to specific Bible verses.
In another area (I'm a lexicographer by trade) I have been investing much time the past 4 years in developing customized entries in various digital modern language lexicons (Italian, Spanish, German, etc), and have asked myself there too: would it not be better to put all this information into something in XML or even in a db like FM Pro, so that all the data and links are not dependent on a particular commercial engine?
Now I have no idea what OSIS is, that "Ken.Han" mentions here. But if there is some way that Accordance can make it easier for users who invest thousands of hours in adding information, observations and connections to their Bible study tools to have that work available for use outside of Accordance, I would like to see that done. Maybe this too belongs under the somewhat ambiguous rubric of making Accordance more "open".
I hope that Oak Tree/Accordance will continue for many more years, improving its structure, usability, etc. But just in case....
Posted 08 August 2006 - 07:34 AM
Home Web site for OSIS:
Now I have no idea what OSIS is, that "Ken.Han" mentions here. But if there is some way that Accordance can
Posted 08 August 2006 - 09:30 PM
How not to do a Bible Widget
Edited by Joe Weaks, 08 August 2006 - 09:30 PM.
The Macintosh Biblioblog
Sometimes I'm so helpful even I can't stand it.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
If You Can't Say Anything Nice, Say It in Print: Scattered Thoughts on Criticism
Several weeks ago, I had what I thought was a brilliant idea: Why not write a critique of criticism. I thought I would argue that the thumbs-up-thumbs-down approach is too blunt an instrument for poetry and that there seems to be a tendency for poetry critics to review the poet rather than the book, so that every review becomes an appraisal of a career.
I think because a poetry collection takes longer to produce and is perceived to contain more of the poet's soul than works of fiction the author's, that reviewers are more apt to use the opportunity to assess the poet's standing within the Tradition: Does the collection in question represent a step forward or more of the same? Has the poet come into his/her mature powers, or is he/she mired in perpetual juvenilia? One hit wonder or voice with resonance? Staying power or has he/she begun the short slide into that special fog of oblivion where has-been poets and child actors inevitably find themselves?
Well, I've been wrestling with the thing ever since: Every Friday, I open up the document, read it, delete most of what I wrote the Friday before, begin to write, think I'm making head way, realize I am mistaken, close the document, and scramble for something else to write about.
So for the sake of my wilting self-esteem, I am abandoning the effort.
Unfortunately, because it took me so long to make that decision, today's effort will be even more slapdash and incoherent than usual. (In case you didn't notice, I should point out that the last part was an awkward attempt at ingratiating modesty. You see, I'm trying to get you on my side by appearing humble, yet unbowed at the hands of an intractable foe, so that you will excuse me for the squalid writing to follow. It's a ploy that people with the neurotic need to please everybody learn when very young).
I live by the motto: "When in doubt, lower readers' expectations."
Sure, it's a soul-destroying strategy, but it beats the unemployment line.
Below, you will find a handful of books of criticism from the shelves of Harris County Public Library. I'll try to do better next week I promise, and as always, if you have any suggestions for future posts, or comments, please drop me a line.
Adam Kirsch is a poet himself and I think one of the better non-academic critics writing today.
The Modern Element: Essays on Contemporary Poetry / Adam Kirsch.
The Wounded Surgeon: Confession and Transformation in Six American Poets: Robert Lowell, Elizabeth Bishop, John Berryman, Randall Jarrell, Delmore Schwartz, Sylvia Plath / Adam Kirsch.
Invasions: Poems / Adam Kirsch.
Alone with America: Essays on the Art of Poetry in the United States Since 1950 / Richard Howard
Modern Black Poets: A Collection of Critical Essays / Edited by Donald B. Gibson
Contemporary Poetry in America: Essays & Interviews / edited by Robert Boyers.
Compulsory Figures: Essays on Recent American Poets / Henry Taylor.
Finally, what list of critics would be complete without the ubiquitous Harold Bloom--the man, the myth, the marketing juggernaut. . .
Contemporary Black American Poets and Dramatists / edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom.
Contemporary Poets / edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom.
Thanks to intrepid reader Richard D. for suggesting that Helen Vendler belongs on this list. As always, he is correct.
Photo Credit: Geoff Wilson


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The Irish High Court has granted a temporary injunction to stop the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) from taking possession of incriminating interviews with a former IRA bomber.
According to the BBC, Judge Justice Treacy prevented the PSNI from receiving tape recordings that were carried out with former IRA member Dolours Price, who made them on the condition that the tapes not be released in her lifetimes. The tapes were made for a history project at Boston College and in July a US appeal court ruled that they should be handed over to the PSNI.
The order will remain in place until a legal challenge by Anthony McIntyre gets under way in Belfast next Wednesday.
McIntyre, who is himself a former IRA volunteer turned academic, is seeking to judicially review the police over their attempts to secure the tapes for their investigation into the 1972 abduction and murder of Jean McConville, one of the so-called Disappeared.
McIntyre's lawyers have forcefully argued that disclosing the sealed transcripts will put his life at risk.
Loyalist and republican paramilitaries reportedly gave sensitive and highly detailed interviews to McIntyre and journalist Ed Moloney for Boston College's Belfast Project, which closely examined the conflict in Northern Ireland.
Price, one of their interviewees, was jailed for her part in a bomb attack on the Old Bailey in London in 1973 which injured more than 200 people.
With the expiry of the seven-day stay on supplying the material to police looming, lawyers for McIntyre have argued it was academic work which should not be disclosed.
McIntyre's lawyer said David Scoffield said: 'The PSNI seeing or receiving this material is going to be putting the applicant's life at risk.'
During the hearing the judge departed from this assessment, however, saying: 'Material was provided on a voluntary basis by people who apparently were members of the IRA and subject to a code of secrecy who nonetheless apparently gave accounts of their involvement to people in America under assurances of confidentiality which they must have known, or should have known, is not something they could give.
'Ultimately a court will determine whether it should yield to public interest.'
The judge then pointed out that a book by Moloney based on the same research project has already been published. 'It was the journalists themselves who used the material to publish a book,' Justice Treacy said.
The judge also asked whether the latest legal moves in Northern Ireland were an attempt to 'circumvent' the rulings on challenges in the United States.
'It seems a bit rich, having taken that step, then coming to this court having failed in America, to seek to restrict the police access to this material in discharging their obligation to investigate serious crime.'
Scoffield argued that the PSNI had failed to take into account his client's right to life under European law. He added that he was only seeking a short restraining order until the merits of his judicial review application can be assessed.
Opposing on behalf of the PSNI, barrister Peter Coll argued that the legal challenge in America had already delayed police investigations by nearly two years.
'They are engaged in an active, live criminal investigation into the kidnapping, murder and other offences involving what has been described as the Disappeared, including Jean McConville,' he said.
'The applicant knew the purpose from his own prospective, that this oral history would be taken and, upon the death of the participants to this history, it would be open season in respect of the releasing of this material. We say it is somewhat incongruous for the applicant to say he now takes the view that his rights to life have been infringed.'
Justice Treacy however agreed to grant the interim order sought, citing the human rights aspect and limited period involved.
He added: 'There is no question whatsoever of this being an injunction directed towards any American authorities. The interim relief is directed solely at the PSNI and any other relevant UK authorities.'


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Unity Health Care, Inc. has a network of 29 health centers and a mobile medical outreach vehicle, which are strategically located within all eight wards of our city. In addition, we offer a full-range of primary health care services that reach every facet of our community to including, but not limited to, the homeless, working poor, under/uninsured, infants, school-age children, the elderly, persons living with HIV/AIDS and/or hepatitis, as well as those who are incarcerated and recently released from jail and prisons.
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Exchange Hybrid Deployment and Migration with Office 365
Applies to: Office 365 for enterprises
If you are currently managing an on-premises e-mail system and now are deploying Microsoft Office 365 for enterprises, you need to plan carefully. First, consider your long-term goals:
- If your long-term goal is to maintain mailboxes both in your on-premises organization and in the cloud, you should deploy Exchange in your on-premises organization in what is called a hybrid deployment.
A hybrid deployment requires Microsoft Exchange Server 2010. However, a full Exchange 2010 organization isn't required to enable a hybrid deployment. You can install a minimal Exchange 2010 hybrid server in an existing Exchange 2003 or Exchange 2007 organization.
- If your long-term goal is to move all mailboxes to the cloud, you must evaluate your current on-premises e-mail infrastructure and select the migration tool and method that works best for your organization. There are several methods to migrate all mailboxes to Office 365 for enterprises. Each method has advantages and disadvantages for administrators and users, and each method has specific requirements and dependencies.
This topic is designed to help you understand all the options and plan your deployment. It explains the terminology and describes the deployment options and the tools that are included with Exchange Online and Office 365 for enterprises as follows:
- Terminology: The secret decoder ring
- Primary long-term e-mail deployment options
- Additional deployment options
- The variables: Things to consider as you prepare to deploy
- The Microsoft Online Services Directory Synchronization tool
- Mail routing
- Migration methods and tools
Terminology: The secret decoder ring
As you explore the software and supporting documentation, you'll see that we've used terms like "rich coexistence" and "simple coexistence", and "cross-premises deployments" and "hybrid deployments." These terms represent the evolution of the software to handle the basic "cross-premises" scenario.
We're working to nail down the terminology. In the meantime, we hope this table helps you make sense of the terminology being used in the software and documentation.
hybrid deployment
The full-featured deployment of a cross-premises Exchange messaging solution with Office 365 for enterprises and Exchange Online. Features include:
A shortened form of "hybrid deployment"
A generic phrase that refers to any messaging deployment where mail routing spans an on-premises deployment and a cloud-based organization.
rich coexistence
See "hybrid deployment". The term "rich coexistence" has been replaced by "hybrid deployment".
simple coexistence
An obsolete term referring to cross-premises deployments where Exchange 2010 isn't deployed in the on-premises environment. In our development, we've found that this term is overly broad and so we've decided not to carry it forward. You will see "simple coexistence" referenced in some documentation and user interface.
Exchange migration
The Exchange Online functionality that you can use to move mailboxes, or in the case of IMAP e-mail migration, the contents of users' mailboxes, from your on-premises Exchange organization to the cloud. You'll find the Exchange Online migration tools on the E-Mail Migration tab in the Exchange Control Panel. There are three types of Exchange migration:
single sign-on
The authentication process that lets your users use their existing Active Directory corporate credentials (user name and password) to access services in Office 365 for enterprises. Also called identity federation, single sign-on in Microsoft Office 365 uses Active Directory Federation Services 2.0 (AD FS).
identity federation
Also used to describe "single sign-on", this term is used in Microsoft Office 365 documentation but will be phased out in favor of "single sign-on". See the wiki post Federation in Office 365 and Exchange for an explanation of federation terminology used in Office 365.
hybrid server
A computer that is running a Hybrid edition of Exchange Server 2010 and is installed in an Exchange Server 2007 or Exchange Server 2003 organization for the purpose of enabling a hybrid deployment. This was previously referred to as a "coexistence server" in some documentation.
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Primary long-term e-mail deployment options
The Office 365 for enterprises planning and deployment tools have been designed to support either of the following long-term e-mail deployment options:
- Hybrid deployment Mailboxes for your organization can reside on-premises in an Exchange organization and in the cloud. In the hybrid deployment scenario, messaging functionality is seamless across the on-premises deployment and the cloud deployment. For the full list of supported features, see "Hybrid deployment" in the preceding table.
This hybrid deployment scenario can also include single sign-on, which lets users use their existing Active Directory on-premises credentials to access all on-premises and cloud resources.
- All mailboxes in the cloud If your long-term goal doesn't require messaging functionality that spans cross-premises, you should plan to move all your mailboxes to the cloud. It may take a week or maybe months to complete the migration, but it's the best option if your long-term goal is to migrate all your mailboxes to the cloud.
As we explain in the next section, many of the migration and cross-premises tools that have been developed to support these two long-term mailbox options can be used to support other cross-premises scenarios. However, the planning and deployment tools built in to Office 365 for enterprises and Exchange Online have been designed to support moving all mailboxes to the cloud and to support a hybrid deployment.
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Additional deployment options
Using the tools described in this document, you can put together other solutions that may work for your organization, for the short term, during migration only, or for the long term. Let's take a quick look at these options.
Manage on-premises users with Office 365 tools
An alternative form of migration is to move all mailboxes to the cloud, but to continue to manage users and resources from your existing Active Directory. After you set up single sign-on and install the Microsoft Online Services Directory Synchronization tool, users can use their Active Directory corporate credentials (user name and password) to access their new mailboxes in the cloud and their existing on-premises resources. If your organization is running Exchange 2003 or a later version, and you have fewer than 1,000 mailboxes, you can run cutover Exchange migration to move your mailboxes and then configure single-sign on. For more information, see Cutover Exchange Migration and Single-Sign On.
Or, if you're currently running Exchange 2003 or Exchange 2007 on-premises, you can use staged Exchange migration to enable this scenario. For more information, see Plan for User Identity in a Staged Exchange Migration.
Provision users from your on-premises Active Directory into the cloud
If you don't require single sign-on, deploying Active Directory synchronization only in the on-premises organization lets you provision users from your on-premises Active Directory into the cloud. This solution may work for organizations that maintain mail routing between a cloud-based organization and a non-Exchange on-premises messaging system, or organizations that simply prefer to source all users from their on-premises Active Directory. Organizations with many users should consider a custom solution to synchronize passwords from the on-premises organization to the cloud for this scenario.
Explore third-party solutions
If you aren't running Exchange 2003 or later, or you are running a web-based messaging system or some other on-premises messaging system, you may need to work with a partner to figure out a solution that meets your needs using the tools discussed in this paper. For example, IMAP e-mail migration may suffice as a method to move mailbox data for your users, while a third-party solution may be the answer to migrating messaging-based workflow solutions to Exchange Online.
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The variables: Things to consider as you prepare to deploy
After you've decided on your long-term e-mail deployment option, you need to learn about the tools that you can use to move mailboxes to the cloud and to make the migration phase a better experience for your users and IT staff. You should also take routing, mail flow, and identity management into account when you plan for migration or a hybrid deployment.
- Identity management
- Microsoft Online Services Directory Synchronization tool
- Mail routing
- Migration methods and tools
Identity management
How do you want to manage the identities of the users in the cloud? You have two options:
- Non-federated identity
- Single sign-on (also known as identity federation)
Non-federated identity
With non-federated identity, all users with mailboxes in the cloud use Office 365-generated credentials to access their Office 365 resources. You can create new user accounts and passwords for Office 365 users in the Office 365 portal. Alternatively, you can use directory synchronization to automatically provision users from the on-premises Active Directory. Either way, ultimately, credentials are generated and managed by Office 365.
If you have an on-premises identity management system, users will have a set of credentials for their Office 365 resources and a set of credentials for their on-premises resources.
The advantage of a non-federated identity management solution is that there is less overhead in deploying and setting up your identity solution. For some small organizations or for organizations that are moving all user resources to the cloud in the near future, a non-federated identity management solution is ideal.
The disadvantage to a non-federated identity solution for organizations that still maintain user resources on-premises is that the user experience is fractured and requires more user education about credential management. Support may be costly if you expect users to manage two sets of credentials for accessing many different resources across two deployments.
For medium-sized or large organizations, long-term management and helpdesk costs will likely make a non-federated identity solution more expensive than single sign-on.
Single sign-on
When you deploy single sign-on, all users with mailboxes in the cloud use their existing on-premises Active Directory credentials to access both cloud and on-premises resources.
In a nutshell, you enable this by installing an AD FS server or servers in your on-premises organization. The AD FS server federates to the Office 365 service in the cloud to provide delegated access for your on-premises identities to specific Office 365 and Exchange Online resources in your cloud-based domain namespace.
The advantage of single sign-on is that users don't need to learn a new credential management scheme. In addition to the user benefits, there are many benefits to administrators:
- Policy control: The administrator can control account policies through Active Directory, which gives the administrator the ability to manage password policies, workstation restrictions, lock-out controls, and more, without having to perform additional tasks in the cloud.
- Access control: The administrator can restrict access to Office 365 so that the services can be accessed through the corporate environment, through online servers, or both.
- Reduced support calls: Forgotten passwords are a common source of support calls in all companies. If users have fewer passwords to remember, they are less likely to forget them.
- Security: User identities and information are protected because all of the servers and services used in single sign-on are mastered and controlled on-premises.
- Support for strong authentication: You can use strong authentication, also called two-factor authentication, with Office 365. However, if you use strong authentication, you must use single sign-on.
After you deploy AD FS and directory synchronization, you manage all users and resources from your existing on-premises Active Directory.
The disadvantage of single sign-on is that you have to install new servers, which require a certificate issued by a certification authority (CA) and add some complexity and cost to user management.
Note Single sign-on is recommended, though not required, in the hybrid deployment scenario.
Single sign-on may also be a good solution for some large organizations that plan to migrate all mailboxes to Office 365 over many months.
Over time, for most organizations that plan to maintain an on-premises set of Active Directory resources along with Office 365, single sign-on is a good solution for streamlining user identity management.
- Single sign-on with AD FS requires Active Directory on-premises.
- Single sign-on requires that you install and run the Microsoft Online Services Directory Synchronization tool.
- If you plan to migrate all mailboxes to the cloud and set up single sign-on, you can't deploy AD FS or directory synchronization before you run a cutover Exchange migration in the Exchange Control Panel. You can, however, run a staged Exchange migration after you deploy AD FS and directory synchronization.
For more information, see the following:
- Prepare for single sign-on
- Plan for and deploy Active Directory Federation Services 2.0 for use with single sign-on
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The Microsoft Online Services Directory Synchronization tool
The Microsoft Online Services Directory Synchronization tool is primarily used to synchronize the Exchange global address list, also known as the shared address book, support complex routing scenarios, and provision users in a cross-premises deployment. Directory synchronization is a requirement for the hybrid deployment scenario, and it may produce a better user experience in some migration scenarios, especially if you plan to enable single sign-on.
However, from a user management perspective, directory synchronization is intended for long-term use. Although you can deactivate (and reactivate) directory synchronization, you should consider the deployment of directory synchronization as a long-term commitment. For more planning information about deactivating and reactivating directory synchronization, see the wiki post, Directory synchronization and source of authority.
By default, the Directory Synchronization tool synchronizes one-way from the on-premises directory to the cloud directory by writing user and mailbox information into the cloud directory for your Office 365 organization.
To enable some features of hybrid deployment, you must grant write access to the Directory Synchronization tool to synchronize some messaging-related user data back into the on-premises Active Directory. The following features are enabled by write access synchronization with your on-premises Active Directory:
- Archiving on-premises mailboxes to the cloud
- Moving mailboxes from the cloud to the on-premises Exchange organization
- Synchronizing user-managed safe sender and blocked sender lists from the cloud
- Synchronizing voice mail notifications from the cloud
Important Directory synchronization is required for the following: hybrid deployment; single sign-on; and staged Exchange migration.
For more information, see Active Directory synchronization: Roadmap.
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Mail routing
Generally speaking, mail routing for a hybrid deployment is straightforward. The tools (mainly the Directory Synchronization tool) are optimized for pointing your MX record to your on-premises Exchange system as the authoritative domain. E-mail to cloud-based recipients is then relayed from the on-premises Exchange organization to the cloud. The Exchange Server Deployment Assistant explains how to configure this routing scheme for hybrid deployments.
You can also configure routing for hybrid deployments so that the MX record points to the cloud as the authoritative domain. For more information, see Hybrid Routing – Pointing your MX record to the Cloud.
More complex mail routing configurations typically come into play only if you are planning a long-term deployment where messaging systems span the on-premises and cloud deployments. In most cases, if you plan to migrate all your mailboxes to the cloud, you don't need to consider complex mail routing scenarios. The exception here may occur for long, staged migrations where advanced mail routing might be required to maintain e-mail quality of service during the migration.
Important Both cutover Exchange migration and staged Exchange migration manage short-term e-mail synchronization during the migration phase. Cutover Exchange migration synchronizes e-mail using subscriptions until migration is complete. Staged Exchange migration routes e-mail by stamping the cloud target address on the on-premises mailboxes.
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Migration methods and tools
The following migration methods and tools are available:
- Move requests with the Mailbox Replication Service (MRS)
- Cutover Exchange migration
- Staged Exchange migration
- IMAP e-mail migration
- PST Capture
- Third-party solutions
The Exchange Server Deployment Assistant explains how deploy most of these solutions.
Move requests with the Mailbox Replication Service (MRS)
The Microsoft Exchange Mailbox Replication Service (MRS), which resides on all Exchange 2010 Client Access servers, is the service responsible for mailbox moves, importing and exporting .pst files, and restoring disabled and soft-deleted mailboxes.
Move requests require a hybrid deployment. Move requests let you move mailboxes back and forth between your on-premises Exchange organization and the cloud. You do this in the Exchange Management Console.
If you plan to migrate and implement a long-term hybrid deployment with Exchange on-premises, move requests are the recommended way to migrate mailboxes.
Also, for large organizations that are running Exchange 2003 or Exchange 2007 on-premises and plan to move all mailboxes to the cloud over a period of several months, using move requests as a tool for a long, staged Exchange migration, which is essentially a hybrid deployment, may make sense.
Important Move requests require a minimal installation of an Exchange 2010 hybrid server in your on-premises Exchange organization. You must be running Exchange 2003 or later to deploy the hybrid solution. The Exchange Server Deployment Assistant can help you generate a hybrid deployment plan.
For more information, see the following:
Cutover Exchange migration
Cutover Exchange migration is for organizations that have fewer than 1,000 mailboxes and want to move all mailboxes to the cloud in a single operation. Use E-Mail Migration in the Exchange Control Panel to access the tool.
- Cutover Exchange migration only supports Exchange 2003 or later. If you are running older versions of Exchange, you have to use IMAP e-mail migration or a third-party solution.
- If you are running Exchange and have more than 1,000 mailboxes, consider using staged Exchange migration.
- If you plan to deploy single sign-on, run cutover Exchange migration first, and then set up single sign-on (and directory synchronization after the migration is complete). Running directory synchronization before you run cutover Exchange migration will cause the migration to fail.
For more information, see the following Exchange Online topics:
- E-Mail Migration Overview
- Migrate All Mailboxes to the Cloud with a Cutover Exchange Migration
- Cutover Exchange Migration and Single-Sign On
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Staged Exchange migration
Staged Exchange migration is for larger organizations or organizations that want to migrate mailboxes to the cloud over time. In this scenario, you can migrate some mailboxes to the cloud while maintaining the rest of the mailboxes in your on-premises organization. Use E-Mail Migration in the Exchange Control Panel to access the tool.
- Staged Exchange migration has been designed for organizations that plan to move all on-premises Exchange mailboxes to the cloud eventually. It's not a best practice to use staged Exchange migration to migrate a handful of mailboxes as part of a longer coexistence scenario.
- Staged Exchange migration only supports Exchange 2003 or Exchange 2007. If you are running older versions of Exchange, you have to use IMAP e-mail migration or a third-party solution. If you are running Exchange 2010, you must implement a hybrid deployment and use move requests to migrate.
- Staged Exchange migration requires directory synchronization.
- If you plan to deploy single sign-on as part of your long-term deployment plan, set up single sign-on and directory synchronization before you run the staged Exchange migration.
For more information, see the following:
- E-Mail Migration Overview
- Migrate Mailboxes to the Cloud with a Staged Exchange Migration
- Plan for User Identity in a Staged Exchange Migration
- Convert Exchange 2003 mailboxes to mail-enabled users after a staged Exchange migration
IMAP e-mail migration
IMAP e-mail migration is designed as a fallback e-mail content migration tool for a wide variety of e-mail servers. If you are running Exchange 2000 Server or Exchange Server 5.5 Service Pack 4, or any other compliant IMAP server, such as Gmail, IMAP e-mail migration is an option. Use E-mail Migration in the Exchange Control Panel and a CSV file.
For more information, see the following Exchange Online topics:
PST Capture
Another method for migrating mailbox items to cloud mailboxes is Microsoft Exchange PST Capture. PST Capture lets you search for and collect PST files on computers in your on-premises organization and then import the PST files to cloud mailboxes. Note that you can also use PST Capture to import PST files to on-premises primary or archive mailboxes. For more information, see Microsoft Exchange PST Capture.
Third-party solutions
Here are some third-party migration tools and partners that can assist with Exchange migrations from non-Microsoft platforms:
- Binary Tree Provider of cross-platform messaging migration and coexistence software with products that provide for the analysis of, and the coexistence and migration between, on-premise and online enterprise messaging and collaboration environments based on IBM Lotus Notes and Domino, and Microsoft Exchange and Microsoft SharePoint.
- BitTitan Provider of self-service e-mail migration and coexistence solutions to Exchange 2007 and Exchange Online.
- Cemaphore Provider of migration solutions from on-premises Microsoft Exchange to Microsoft Online.
- Quest Provider of migration solutions for Exchange Online and SharePoint Online, including migrations from Lotus Notes and Novell GroupWise to Exchange Online.
- Metalogix Provider of migration solutions to Exchange Online and SharePoint Online.
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PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) -- Thanks to Quincy Pondexter, even the supposedly vulnerable Washington Huskies didn't go out early.
Pondexter scored a season-high 23 points and fourth-seeded Washington took advantage of early foul trouble to Mississippi State's menacing Jarvis Varnado to race past the 13th-seeded Bulldogs 71-58 in the first round of the NCAA tournament on Thursday.
Jon Brockman had 14 rebounds and 10 points for the Huskies (26-8), who looked far better than the last time they played in this city, losing to Portland of the West Coast Conference to begin the season.
Barry Stewart had 11 points but was able to get off just five shots for Mississippi State (23-13), which reached the NCAAs for the sixth time in eight years by winning six consecutive games -- including four in its surprising romp to the Southeastern Conference tournament title.Continue reading the main story


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Malnourished and dehydrated sea lion pups continue to turn up daily in surprising numbers on San Diego County beaches, eclipsing the numbers seen since the 1980s, officials said this week.
"There's a huge increase in the number of stranded live sea-lion pups," said Sarah Wilkin of the National Marine Fisheries Service in Long Beach. "It's unprecedented, as far as the number and the time of year."
The cause remains uncertain, she said, but the single "common finding" appears to be starvation.
Between Jan. 1 and Feb. 28, SeaWorld's San Diego-based rescue team had taken in about 76 marine animals, U-T San Diego reported earlier this month.
That number has now grown to more than 170 animals, Dave Koontz, a spokesman for the marine theme park in San Diego, said Thursday.
In comparison, SeaWorld rescued a total of 131 marine animals in all of 2012, he said.
Most of the rescued animals were California sea lions, Koontz said, though a few were elephant seals, harbor seals and fur seals. All are considered pinnipeds, the word for fin-footed mammals.
The reason for the increase appears to be a problem with the food chain, he said.
"It boils down to these pups are not getting enough food to survive on their own," Koontz said. "After they are weaned from their mothers, the food is not there or (is) at a depth they can't reach."
Sea lions get most of their hydration from the fish they eat, he said, so with no fish to eat they become malnourished and dehydrated.
"They become extremely weak and need to be rescued," he said.
Researchers don't know yet why there's not enough food for the pups, Wilkin said.
"Their primary food would be the small bait fish — anchovies, herring, maybe squid and even rockfish and hake," she said.
They are studying ocean currents and other environmental conditions, she said. The bait fish may have moved deeper in the water or farther offshore, or there could be other environmental factors or even multiple causes.
Nearly all of the stranded animals were born last summer, Wilkin said. There are always some pups that fail to survive on their own.
Normally the number of beached pups peaks in May or June, when the young ones are weaned from their mothers. This year they could be weaning early because the mothers are having trouble finding food.
But available records only go back to the 1980s, she said. Records more than five or 10 years old are less reliable because there were fewer rehabilitation centers and other groups keeping track of the numbers.
"This is definitely off the charts for the past five years," Wilkin said.
Lifeguards at several North County beaches all said they have seen increased numbers of beached pups.
They said they try to keep people away from the animals until either they return to the water or the SeaWorld team comes to help them.
"I've seen four on the beach in the last few days," said Encinitas lifeguard Lt. Paul Chapman. "Two of them didn't seem to have a lot of energy. We put them in a holding tank and transferred them to SeaWorld."
Carlsbad police and a ranger at the city's coastal campground reported a number of sea lion pup rescues in the past week.
Oceanside lifeguard Lt. Emile Lagendijk said that city has seen an average of three beached sea lions a day in recent weeks.
"We put them in a large dog kennel," he said. The kennels are placed in the lifeguards' garage under the municipal pier until SeaWorld comes to take them away.
"We have four in there right now," Lagendijk said Thursday.
SeaWorld takes in three to seven animals a day, Koontz said.
"We bring them back to the park," he said. "Initially we just try to stabilize their condition. To do that we give them fluids. Then in a couple days we give them a full physical exam to see if they have any other issues."
Some of the pinnipeds have been injured or were tangled in fishing line, he said, and some have eye problems or other health issues.
Between 60 and 70 percent of the animals are returned to the ocean, usually in three or four weeks, Koontz said.
Animals returned to the ocean have built up their body fat and have a good chance of survival. All of them are tagged, and few of the tagged pups have been rescued again.
"Some are so ill that they can't survive," he said, and a few that survive need long-term care and cannot be returned to the ocean.
Anyone who discovers a sea lion or seal on the beach should stay away, he said.
"These are wild animals," he said. "I always tell people that anything with a mouth bites. They (the sea lions) don't understand that somebody is there to help them."


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Originally published March 23, 2014 at 2:32 PM | Page modified March 24, 2014 at 9:53 AM
8 confirmed dead in mudslide
With many people still missing and hundreds waiting to hear about the fate of loved ones in a mile-wide mudslide, officials said rescuers have not heard any voices from the slide area since Saturday night.
Seattle Times staff
ARLINGTON — Hopes dimmed Sunday for finding survivors in the nearly one square mile of muck and debris left by a mudslide that killed at least eight people and demolished dozens of houses.
Officials confirmed eight dead during a community meeting Sunday night in Darrington. Just a few hours earlier, the death toll had stood at four.
Tod Gates, an incident commander, said that as he and other rescuers flew in a helicopter to the Darrington meeting, they spotted the four additional bodies. The dead were not identified Sunday night.
In a news conference Monday morning, emergency officials said they were working off a "soft list" of 108 people who are unaccounted for, though they said the number of actual victims will likely be much lower.
Darkness and shifting debris forced rescuers Saturday night to abandon efforts to reach voices coming from a buried structure.
By Sunday, they heard no more voices.
"We didn't see or hear any signs of life out there today," said Travis Hots, chief of Snohomish County Fire Districts 21 and 22, during a Sunday afternoon news conference.
Casualties are likely to rise as the search continues through the wreckage that is all that remains of neighborhoods along the North Fork of the Stillaguamish River. In addition to destroying 30 or more homes, the slide buried a milelong stretch of Highway 530 under 20 feet or more of mud.
Gov. Jay Inslee warned of grim days ahead during a news conference at Arlington City Hall. "I have a sense we are going to have some hard news here," he said.
The rain-soaked hillside that slid away Saturday morning was the same one that had partially collapsed in 2006. The area is about 16 miles east of Arlington.
With no positive news forthcoming, relatives of the missing crowded into the Darrington Community Center looking for answers.
Relatives handed photos of missing loved ones to rescue personnel in hopes they might turn up unconscious at a hospital.
Those reportedly missing ranged from Oso-area homeowners to repairmen on work assignments and a group of girls at a slumber party.
Ron Thompson, whose home was destroyed, stopped by the evacuation shelter at Post Middle School in Arlington to find out if his friends turned up alive. "We lost a lot of good kids. I don't know what else to tell you. It hurts," he said before driving away.
A 4-month-old baby and her grandmother were also among the missing.
The baby, Sanoah Huestis, lived with her grandparents, Christina and Seth Jefferds. Seth Jefferds, a volunteer firefighter, was not home at the time of the slide and arrived to find his house flattened and his wife and granddaughter missing, said his brother-in-law, Dale Petersen.
"He said it was just like a bulldozer ran over the house,'' Petersen said.
Although the names of the people killed in the slide were not officially released, one is former Darrington librarian and School Board member Linda McPherson, 69, according to Pete Selvig, a member of the Darrington emergency-response team and a retired U.S. Forest Service employee.
McPherson's husband, Gary "Mac" McPherson, was also injured. His condition was not immediately known.
The couple's house and that of their niece and nephew next door were both destroyed, Selvig said. The younger couple were not at home, but their dog was trapped in the debris, he said.
Rescuers tried to get to the dog after hearing whimpering Saturday night, but had to give up because the mud and debris were moving, Selvig said.
McPherson was branch manager of the Darrington library and served for about 15 years on the School Board, said Selvig, who served with her.
He said her approach to the business and challenges of the small rural school district was professional and methodical. She was part of a Darrington contingent that lobbied the state Legislature for funding to rebuild the district's three aging schools. "Her name is on the plaque on the new elementary," Selvig said.
Seven people injured in the slide were being treated at area hospitals Sunday.
At Harborview Medical Center in Seattle, a 6-month-old baby boy and an 81-year-old man were in critical condition in the intensive-care unit. A 37-year-old man and a 58-year-old man were in serious condition. A 25-year-old woman was in satisfactory condition.
At Cascade Valley Hospital in Arlington, one woman was in satisfactory condition. Skagit Valley Hospital in Mount Vernon reported that a 68-year-old man was in stable condition.
Witnesses described a frantic scene when the slide hit Saturday morning.
Neighbors rushed to retrieve a mud-covered baby within moments, said an Arlington woman who was driving by when the catastrophe occurred.
"We thought it was a car accident," said Sierra Sansaver, of Arlington, who said she was driving to Darrington to find the road was blocked by mud. "Then you realize there's a house in the middle of the road."
"We heard screaming from a house 100 yards from us. A whole bunch of men went in there and pulled out a 6-month-old baby," Sansaver said. Firefighters also were arriving, she said.
"There was mud, household items everywhere, people screaming, crying, running into the rubbish."
"Everybody was covered in mud. A lady next door who saw what happened, she was giving them blankets to hold the baby in. They got in a car, and left," said Sansaver.
The infant at Harborview matched that scenario.
In Darrington, a search-and-rescue team of about 20 people was advised Sunday morning to mark dead bodies if they saw any and keep looking for survivors.
Some workers emerged from the meeting bleary-eyed and dispirited.
One volunteer firefighter who had stopped working around 11:30 p.m. Saturday night said many tragic stories have yet to be told. He watched one rescuer find his own front door, but nothing else — not his home, his wife or his child.
They're in the "missing" category along with many it is feared will eventually be listed as dead.
"It's much worse than everyone's been saying," said the firefighter, who did not want to be named. "The slide is about a mile wide. Entire neighborhoods are just gone. When the slide hit the river, it was like a tsunami."
By noon on Sunday, the dammed-up Stillaguamish River was starting to break through a hole in the mile-wide mud wall near Oso, releasing some flow downstream. But officials said that was not a cause for alarm.
"It's not flowing at a rate that causes concern. There is water coming through. They don't feel it is going to be a catastrophic burst," said Shari Ireton, spokeswoman for the Snohomish County Sheriff's Office.
Even if the water breaches the blockage, it is unlikely to cause major flooding downstream, said Brent Bower, a hydrologist with the National Weather Service.
The forecast for the area near Oso looks dry for most of Monday, said Johnny Burg, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Seattle. Rain could return Monday night and into Tuesday, but Burg said "we're not forecasting anything heavy" — maybe a tenth of an inch.
Through March 19, Arlington had recorded 7.14 inches of rain for the month — just a couple inches short of the wettest March on record. A flash flood warning remained in effect.
Inslee, who cut short a political trip to Montana to fly back to Washington state, thanked rescuers Sunday, and said he was awed by the destruction he witnessed after flying over the scene.
"The devastation is just unrelenting and awesome. There is no stick standing in the path of the slide," Inslee said. "But there is another powerful force of nature, and that is empathy and compassion."
Staff reporters Jim Brunner, Lynn Thompson and Nancy Bartley reported from Seattle. Staff reporters Mike Carter, Mike Lindblom, Mike Baker and Christine Clarridge reported from Arlington. Alexa Vaughn reported from Darrington. News researcher Miyoko Wolf also contributed.
Jim Brunner: 206-515-5628 or firstname.lastname@example.com. On Twitter @Jim_Brunner
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