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Adventure Time
Adventure Time The Last Stand lead-up rp
DerpThatHerp posted on Dec 06, 2014 at 01:33AM
You'll get items in this transported into the game so yeah I'll get details from previous rp
Name: Tenia Dolvan Nickname: Nia/ Valina(Father nickname for her)
Place of Birth: Minnesota Date of Birth: Sept. 13, 1992
Gender: Female Age: 21
Hair: Dark Hair, nearly Ebony. Has a blonde streak in front.
Eyes: Purple-ish, right eye turns red on occasion.
Origin: Human and partially zombie
Language(s): English, Japanese, Spanish and bits of German.
Family: Father-human(alive, but separated) , Mother~half zombie(Deceased),Yui~human(deceased)
Likes: Cute animals, the sunset, cookies and meat.
Dislikes: Zombies, centipedes, and seaweeds.
Detailed description: Average in height, slim and paled skin. Usually puts her hair in a braid or lets it down, ending around the lower back. Usually wears an off-shoulder blouse with one of its sleeves longer than the other(right sleeve.), jeans, dark knee length combat boots with a slight heel, and a choker. She has a bandage wrapped around her right forearm(Hides a scar from a zombie bite.). Has a green duffle bag filled with guns, grenades , medical stuff Etc.( nicked from hospitals and abandoned malls.)Good runner. Although she's partially zombie, she doesn't crave human flesh or any raw flesh for that matter. also her being able to sense zombies and to regenerate are also side effects of her zombie side.
Personality/Traits: Tough on the outside, soft on the inside. Guarded around people and may seem cold and distant, but very fun and caring when she warm up to others. Very loyal and smart.
Skills/Talents: Quick and Resourceful, uses and specializes on long-ranged stealth and long-ranged weapons (Snipers, booby-traps, bombs etc), but she isn't bad in hand-to-hand combat either. Knows how to cover up tracks well, and can make leave an area without leaving traces. Know much about zombies and their weak points and can take them down faster than regular shooters.
Background:Her father is an ex-marine and her mother died to a unknown disease when she was 12. When the apocalypse rolled in she got separated from her father and she lost her sister when she was bitten by a zombie and she begged Tenia to end her before she did any harm. She discovered she was partially zombie or at least she wasn't entirely normal two months later after she was bitten but she wasn't infected and the wound healed on its own only leaving a scar. After then she devoted herself finding as much as possible about the zombies and to eliminating them all. She's been hoping from place to place.
(P.s She detests her zombie side.)
Religion: Christian
Attitude towards death: Tries to stay strong but ends up crying when she's alone.
Most Painful/Instructive/Memorable Experience: Having to kill her sister after she turned into a zombie
b i o g r a p h y
n a m e: annalise skaði
n i c k n a m e s (s): anna
t i t l e: miss, madame
p e r s o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n
s p e c i e s: human
n a t i o n a l i t y: italian
p l a c e o f b i r t h: venice, italy
d a t e o f b i r t h: january 28
g e n d e r: female
p r e f f e r e d p r o n o u n s:
she / her / herself
o r i e n t a t i o n: bisexual
r e l i g o n: christianity
o c c u p a t i o n:
[ former ] ice cream shop owner
[ former ] employee at starbucks
t r a i t s
sassy, cold, narcisstic, sarcastic, defensive
r e l a t i o n s h i p s =
p a r e n t s:
jason skaði
[ father; deceased ]
maria skaði
[ mother; deceased ]
connor sinclair
[ foster father; deceased ]
s i b l i n g s:
luke skaði
[ older brother; alive but separated ]
p h y s c i c a l
long black hair, brown eyes, pale skin tone, crooked smile
m i s c
m o r a l a l i g n m e n t: chaotic good
a b i l i t i e s: swordsmanship, painting, piano playing, violin playing, gun firing, archery
w e a p o n o f c h o i c e: sword
m a r k i n g s: birthmark on neck, scar on upper lip
a l l e g i e s: oranges
n a t i v e l a n g u a g e: italian
l a n g u a g e s s p o k e n: italian, english, norweigan, spanish
f e a r s: thanatophobia
Name/Nickname: Alyssa Davissen/Sapphire (Earned the nickname by being a #1 top nurse in her city)
Date of Birth (& age): 20 Years Old, June 13 1994
Place of Birth: Salt Lake City, Utah
Gender: Female
Language: English, German and Spanish
Family/Friends/Pets/Etc: Chrome (Cat) *deceased*
Class: Medic
Traits: Calm, aggressive, informative, affectionate, greedy
Specialty: Nurse
Detailed Description: She has black hair, green eyes, nurse apparel (sometimes when she studies), band t-shirt, jacket, jeans, sneakers
Background: Alyssa is a well known nurse in her city, she could buy a mansion with her wealth. Her parents died to an unknown disease. She had to get by until she was 17 and got her own place and job. She learned well and hard and was very advanced in the medical field, she could cure various diseases. When the zombie apocalypse came she hid in a barn, but bad luck a zombie were there first, she took it out with a potion she made. Until then she hid in an abandoned convenience store.
Personality/Attitude: Calm (I'm not doing another scaredy cat XD), sneaky, aggressive, informative, affectionate. She gets greedy, aggressive and startled towards others but is caring.
Attitude Towards Death: Cries, grieves but can get over it.
Religion/Beliefs: Her job and work keep her from having a religion, but she believes there is a God.
Fetishes/Strange Behaviors: Likes to be in her own placen her head.
Most Instructive/Painful/Memorable Experience: Watching her parents getting shot in the head.
Education/Special Training: High School Diploma; College Diploma; Medical School; Doctors Degree
Name or Nickname (& pronunciation): Dougless M Harvey, (nickname: Spade)
Date of Birth (& age): 34 years old; May 25, 1979
Place of Birth: Dallas, Texas
Gender: Male
Species/Racial Origin: human, Caucasian
Detailed Physical Description: averagely built, some semi-long vertical scars on his chest and arms, one ear is slightly longer than the other (though it is almost completely unnoticeable), stands straight up with no slouch, fair complexion, no tattoos.
Typical Clothing/Equipment: T-shirt, Jeans, Boots, Black socks, Cross Necklace, flannel jacket, Black and green coat (when he has to/when it's cold), binoculars.
Personality/Attitude: reckless, sorrowful, guilt stricken, caring, serious, passionate, heroic, brave.
Skills/Talents: cooking, yellow belt martial arts, mechanic, engineering, can play the piano and the harmonica, good with maps and direction, good with identifying edible and non-edible plants, is licensed to operate big trucks and heavy machinery, good swimmer.
Favorites/Likes: the ocean, the beach, swimming, rock music, cop shows, gardening, being a father, breakfast, hunting, fishing, Bible doctrine.
Most Hated/Dislikes: interruptions, disregard for human life, The undead, disease, parasites, storms, rats, the dark.
Strengths: good at planning, quick thinker, has good ingenuity (resourceful), calm under pressure, good Cardio, efficient builder/repairer, intelligent/cunning, good with long range weapons.
Weaknesses: is not a good enough fighter to protect himself AND others (can only protect himself), not a good climber, not tech suave, does not forgive easily, is not good with short range weapons.
Fears: Old broken down insane asylums, dying alone
Hobbies/Interests: Fishing, Hunting, Gardening, piano and harmonica playing, boat building, hiking, swimming, teaching
Attitude Toward Death: It's heartless and doesn't matter who you are, good or bad.
Religion/Beliefs: Christianity
Most Instructive/Painful/Memorable Experience: death of his daughter.
nickname: hunt
gender: male
language: english, some rusty arabic
likes: silence, the outdoors, computers
strengths: trained in anything tech-y, does parkour, good in short-ranged guns, stealth-ish
weaknesses: copes with asthma, gets bored easily(?)
fears: insanity, too much of anything
background: hunt was deployed by a mercenary group in a zombie infected area, and his squad is killed, his base overrun and he only has his wits and gear to survive.
typical clothing/equipment: white coat (with extended sleeves and hood), grey pants fastened by a brown belt, often carries a holster with a loaded gun.
personality: aloof (on solo), sociable (on group), determined
attitude towards death: press x to pay respects
most changing experience: accompanying his professor in his death/ the first days of the infection
specialty: technical stuff
education: self-trained/multiple courses in computer security
more activity= more exp
Remember this game is more based on "actions you make" rather than "just kill everything >:D"... and be imaginative killing zombies aren't the only purpose of this game
Team Leader:
In the storage:
don't let the bedbugs bite! I meant zembies :3
last edited on Aug 24, 2015 at 10:01PM
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Top drawing prize erased after 20 years
If you think there are too many frivolous, predictable art prizes in Australia, you are not alone.
The $30,000 Dobell Drawing Prize, awarded this year to 73-year-old Melbourne artist Gareth Sansom for Made in Wadeye, has been awarded for the final time after two decades, it was announced today at the Art Gallery of NSW.
The prize will be replaced by the Dobell Australian Drawing Biennial to be held from 2014 at the gallery.
The curated drawing exhibition will be funded by the Dobell Foundation, which administers the drawing prize, with the money that would otherwise have been paid to the Dobell Prize winner.
The Dobell Foundation's Karen Wann said it was sad to end the prize after 20 years, but there were too many drawing prizes.
"Change is always good," she said.
"We've heard from a number of people that it's become predictable, the drawing prize.
"And we don't want predictable.
"And we don't want to be one of many drawing prizes. We're fairly special. We've been around for a long time."
The curator of this year's Dobell Drawing Prize, Anne Ryan, said prizes had many advantages, but also drawbacks.
Ryan, who will curate the first biennial in 2014, said: "When you're trying to look at a subject in a serious way, which is what we're trying to do with Australian contemporary drawing ... there are some things you just can't do with a prize."
Andrew Taylor is a Senior Reporter for The Sydney Morning Herald.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
CRM and improving order fulfillment...
Let's take a hypothetical example. A company sells widget making machines. When an order is received for a widget making machine, there are a wide range of activities, involving a lot of different departments, before the system is installed and paid for. So, in this example, there might be a need to complete contracts, arrange finance, send a welcome pack, survey the site, ship the machine, install it, train staff on it, activate the support contract, handover from sales to account management, invoice, etc. etc.
This is all very difficult to do, or do well at least, without any central coordinating technology. By embedding these processes in an enabling technology like CRM, a range of benefits may accrue. For example:
The fulfilment processes becomes faster with less manual handovers.
There's less work involved in fulfilling an order, and that work can often be performed by less skilled people.
There's less of an overhead in monitoring the process, the system can identify the exceptions.
There's less scope for error, so the quality of delivery goes up.
With fewer errors there's less management time spent fire-fighting problems.
Cash flow improves because orders are shipped faster, and, since quality is higher, there are fewer reasons for customers to delay payment.
Better visibility of problems and bottlenecks in the process allow the process to be further tuned to increase performance and quality.
The system supports more sophisticated processes that allow customer satisfaction generating activities to be integrated in a way that was impossible with manual systems.
Customer satisfaction increases, which, in turn, ripples through our Web 2.0 enabled world to increase order volumes
OK, so you're almost certainly not selling widget making machines, and this is a very hypothetical example, but we've seen a lot of benefit in managing a wide variety of fulfilment processes in CRM. Funnily enough, it's often not the most obvious processes that ultimately generate the greatest value.
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Pet Supply Source - Meds, Food, Treats and More
Learn why cats act aggressively toward people and how to recognize aggressive behavior.
Thinking of adopting a kitten? Read the SF SPCA adoption handbook to learn more.
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Learn tips to ensure your affection eater gets proper nutrition.
Thinking of adopting a cat? Read the SF SPCA adoption handbook to learn more.
Learn about the types of anxiety relieving products on the market, so you can have a conversation with your veterinarian about the best course of treatment.
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Whether you already have a cat or dog at home or not, learn step by step the best ways to introduce a new cat to your home.
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Learn appropriate ways to correct and manage your cat's unwanted behavior.
Learn why your cat may not be urinating and what you should do about it.
Keep your cat safe by learning what household items and plants are poisonous to cats.
Helping your cat feel comfortable in a carrier will make travel and trips to the vet much easier. Learn how to introduce your cat to a carrier with this step by step guide.
Clipping your cat's claws helps keep the claws in good shape. Learn the proper way to trim your cat's claws and some tips to make it easier for both of you. The SF SPCA also offers a Cat Claw Clipping Clinic to trim your cat's claws for you. Call 415-554-3030 for more information.
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Delcawing your cat is a painful and needless operation. Learn ways to curb your cat's behavior and about alternatives to declawing your cat.
Teaching your cat to make eye contact with you on command is not hard to do and it can be very useful. An eye contact command can be used to attain and keep your cat's attention in situations that may cause fear or anxiety.
Learn why your cat is excessively meowing and ways to address this behavior.
Find out what Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is, how it spreads, and what to expect if your cat has FIV. Cats with FIV have normal life expectancies.
Learn what causes fleas, how to prevent them including proper ways to treat your pet, and how to remove them if you have an infestation in your home.
Learn how to introduce a cat into your home, particularly if the cat is shy and exhibits hiding behaviors.


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Mufaddil said: O My Master! How will his [Hazrat Mahdi (as)] coming be? (Sadik) said: O Mufaddil! He will come in doubt, but his name will spread, his command will be known, he will be known by his name and title, his family can be elucidated, and he will be discussed by those who accept him and those who do not, those who recognize and those who deny him; we have set out his name and epithet, we have given him the name of the Prophet (saas), his ancestor, so that people should not say they do not know his name and title.
(Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. 53)


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DoThink ? Hangzhou 2022 Sales Center & Show Flats by DA Group
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DoThink ? Hangzhou 2022 Sales Center & Show Flats by DA Group
In the DoThink · Hangzhou 2022 Sales Center, the designer broke the traditional ?Metropolis? concept, injecting new elements into the ?Metropolis? style, showing urban fashion and avant-garde style with a simple and bright space atmosphere. Continue reading
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You'll Like The 2010 BMW 5 Series If...
The BMW 5 Series earned its deserved reputation as the supreme mid-size sport sedan almost on driving dynamics alone. Combined with standout styling, a well-appointed cabin and some of the most sophisticated technologies available in an automobile, the 5 Series offers something for everyone.
You May Not Like The 2010 BMW 5 Series If...
If you aren't overly swayed by the BMW badge, the bold styling or the renowned driving feel, you might find it harder to live with the driver's awkward cupholder, the improving (but still complex) iDrive central control system or the significant price premium when compared to competitors like the Infiniti M.
What's New
The 5 Series gains two significant changes for 2010. First is the addition of the newest iDrive system on cars equipped with the available navigation system, and second is the creation of a new M Sport Package that adds an Anthracite headliner, an exterior aerodynamic package with Shadowline trim, and M-specific wheels, door sills, footrest, gearshift lever, and steering wheel.
Interior Features
The 2010 BMW 5 Series' 10-way and available 20-way adjustable seats are some of the most comfortable and supportive in the class, excelling on twisty roads and long highways alike. Some of the more notable changes made last year include a revised center console with a new electronic shifter, more intuitively positioned window switches and a mostly subtle increase in overall refinement. The overall air of firm luxury remains, although there's a vague starkness not found in Audi or Lexus brands. Rear-seat room and trunk space are on par for the segment.
Exterior Features
The bustle-back trunk, sharp-creased edges and cat's-eye headlights that caused such a stir when the model was introduced for the 2004 model year have helped the current-generation 5 Series become the best-selling iteration yet. A mild makeover in 2008 smoothed out some of the more controversial elements, adding a revised front and rear fascias and reworked headlights and taillights. For 2010, a new M Sport Package adds even more aggressive styling components creating the look deserving of a true high-performance luxury sedan.
Driving Impressions
Sandwiched between a positively turbine-like V8 and a base six-cylinder that's strong enough for more drivers than will buy it is the bread and butter of the model's powertrain lineup, the twin-turbo six-cylinder. Along with virtually lag-free response, this excellent engine combines zero-to-60-mph sprints just a couple ticks slower than the V8, according to BMW, with fuel economy very close to the base engine's. Feel free to pick whichever engine you like, as there isn't a bad choice among them. Whichever powerplant you might choose, response, feel and feedback from all the systems – steering, suspension, brakes – are exceptional as expected. We especially like the sport version of the new faster-shifting automatic, which includes paddle shifters and rev matching for smooth downshifts.
Pricing Notes
The 2010 BMW 528i, 535i and 550i sedans start at Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Prices (MSRP) of roughly $47,000, $52,000 and $61,500, respectively. Add about $2,000 for all-wheel drive (528xi and 535xi). The 535xi wagon starts at about $57,000 and a fully loaded 550i Grand Turismo tops out near $90,000. We expect our Fair Purchase Prices to continue reflecting real-world transaction prices near MSRP. The Mercedes-Benz E-Class and Audi A6 are priced similarly, while the Infiniti M can be a high-value alternative. As for resale value, we expect all of these vehicles to perform well.
Notable Equipment
Standard equipment on a 2010 BMW 528i includes a moonroof, 10-speaker AM/FM/CD sound system, iDrive central control (with six programmable memory buttons), 10-way power seats, Bluetooth hands-free phone connectivity and no-charge maintenance for four years or 50,000 miles. Safety equipment includes electronic stability control plus front, front-side and two-row curtain airbags. Unique to the 535xi Sport Wagon are a dual-panel panoramic sunroof and a power liftgate.
Notable Options
In addition to a long list of modern features that have become commonplace in the category, the 5 Series lineup offers such desirable extras as Active Steering (everyday benefits include reduced steering wheel movement in parking lots), a head-up display, night vision system, lane departure warning system, active cruise control with new "Stop & Go" feature, navigation system with real-time traffic information and HD radio. The 2010 BMW 5 Series is one of the most tech-savvy vehicles on the road.
Favorite Features
Active Cruise Control with Stop & Go
The 5 Series' available radar-based cruise control will detect a slower-moving vehicle ahead and reduce speed accordingly. The system can even slow the car to a complete stop, enabling use in stop-and-go traffic.
Sport Package
For an even sportier sport sedan, the available "sport pack" fortifies the 5 Series with a more aggressive suspension and Active Roll Stabilization, which further minimizes body lean in corners. Other highlights include unique wheels and 20-way adjustable seats.
Under the Hood
Although it shares the same 3.0-liter displacement as the base engine, the strong but silky twin-turbocharged in-line six from the 535i and 535xi produces 70 more horsepower and 100 pound-feet more torque. The V8 remains the quintessential power fiend's engine of choice, but it comes with such a heavy price tag that the twin turbo begins to look like the better pick. A six-speed manual transmission is standard across the line, but a quick-shifting six-speed automatic is a no-charge option. The 535i and 550i models offer a Sport version of the automatic transmission with paddle shifters and rev-matching downshifts.
3.0-liter in-line 6
230 horsepower @ 6500 rpm
200 lb.-ft. of torque @ 2750 rpm
EPA city/highway fuel economy: 18/28 (manual), 18/27 (automatic), 17/25 (AWD)
3.0-liter twin-turbocharged in-line 6
300 horsepower @ 5800 rpm
300 lb.-ft. of torque @1400-5000 rpm
EPA city/highway fuel economy: 17/26 (RWD), 17/25 (automatic, AWD), 16/25 (manual, AWD), 16/24 (automatic, AWD wagon), 16/23 (manual, AWD wagon)
4.8-liter V8
360 horsepower @ 6300 rpm
360 lb.-ft. of torque @ 3400 rpm
EPA city/highway fuel economy: 15/22 (manual), 15/23 (automatic), 15/21 (Wagon)
Editors' Notes
While the 2010 BMW 5 Series is the most technologically advanced entry in the luxo-sport sedan category, the fact that it's the only one to offer a manual transmission more accurately captures the basis of its appeal. As it's quietly grown into a living legend, the continuing success of the performance-oriented 5 Series has helped to invigorate the entire category in which it competes. The softer Mercedes-Benz E-Class and Audi A6 are still sportier than ever, while the latest Infiniti M is the stiffest competition the 5 Series has faced yet – from a performance standpoint, anyway. Anchored by the 528i, 535i and 550i sedans, the lineup also includes the all-wheel-drive 528xi and 535xi sedans plus a 535xi wagon and 550 Grand Turismo Wagon.


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The Lord has entrusted you with the priesthood keys for your quorum (see D&C 124:142–43). Part of your responsibility, as you direct the work of your quorum, is to "teach [quorum members] their duty" (see D&C 107:85–87).
This book can be an effective tool to help you teach quorum members their priesthood duties and encourage them to strengthen their testimony and their relationship with Heavenly Father. Consider the following as you help them make and carry out their plans:
Soon after a young man joins your quorum, visit him in his home and make sure he has a copy of this book. Use the book to give him an overview of his priesthood duties. Show him some of your plans and tell him about the experiences you are having.
Set a good example by making and carrying out your own plans. Share your experiences with quorum members.
Invite quorum members to share their experiences in quorum meetings, and encourage them to share with their families. For example, during the first few minutes of quorum meeting you could invite them to share what they are learning as they follow their plans to study the scriptures or serve others.
As you plan quorum meetings and activities, look for ways to include the plans your quorum members have made. For example, you could invite a quorum member to teach a lesson in quorum meeting about one of the doctrines he is studying (see pages 19, 43, and 67).
As you exercise your priesthood keys to help quorum members learn and fulfill their duties, your relationship with them will be strengthened. When quorum members work closely together, they help each other stay strong in the gospel and united as a quorum.


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Stink Bug Control Succasunna, NJby ALCO Pest Control
Are you looking for Stink Bug Control in Succasunna, NJ? ALCO Animal & Pest Control offers prompt, professional and safe Stink Bug Control in Succasunna, NJ since 1995 for many satisfied clients.
Whether it is residential or commercial Stink Bug Control , ALCO Animal & Pest Control will solve your Stink Bug problem in no time. Our trained and experienced Succasunna, NJ Stink Bug Control technicians are qualified to handle a variety of Stink Bug situations and can rest assure to restore your normal life, keep you, your children, or your employees safe and keep you in line with state and local animal laws.
ALCO Animal & Pest Control uses environmentally friendly Stink Bug Control products as well as humane Stink Bug Control methods to keep you and your children safe while performing the Stink Bug Control job. Our knowledgeable pest technician will answer any questions you may have and explain to you every detail you need or want to know about the job. We are always friendly and we are here to help.
The adults are approximately â inch long and the underside is white or pale tan, sometimes with gray or black markings. The legs are brown with faint white banding. The stink glands are located on the underside of the thorax, between the first and second pair of legs.
It is an agricultural pest that can cause widespread damage to fruit and vegetable crops. In Japan it is a pest to soybean and fruit crops. In the US, the insect feeds, beginning in late May or early June, on a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and other host plants including peaches, apples, green beans, soybeans, cherry, raspberries, and pears. It is a sucking insect, a "true bug", that uses its proboscis to pierce the host plant in order to feed. This feeding results, in part, in the formation of small, necrotic areas on the outer surface of fruits but ranges from leaf stippling, cat-facing on tree fruits, seed loss, and transmission of plant pathogens.
They are more likely to invade homes in the fall than others in the family. It survives the winter as an adult by entering houses and structures when fall evenings start to turn cold. Adults can live for several years and look for buildings to overwinter in that shield them from the elements. They will work their way under siding, into soffits, around window and door frames, under roof shingles and into any crawl space or attic vent which has openings big enough to fit through. Once inside the house they will go into a state of hibernation where they wait for winter to pass, but often the warmth inside the house causes them to become active, especially in winter months, and they will fly clumsily around light fixtures.
The stinkbug's ability to emit a vile odor through holes in its abdomen is a defense mechanism meant to prevent it from being eaten by birds and lizards. However, simply jostling the bug, cornering it, scaring or injuring it, or attempting to remove it from one's house can "set it off". Squashing it is a surefire way of expelling its noxious odor.
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Science, Visual Arts
"When I read that a Doomsday Vault–a modern-day ark for plants–had been built near the North Pole, I became determined to photograph it. Two years later, I crossed the threshold into the icy cavern containing a comprehensive catalogue of life." – Dornith Doherty
Interact with photographer and University of North Texas professor, Dornith Doherty, to explore her intriguing photographs taken within seed vaults on four continents. View the delicate intricacies of plant-life on display in the exhibit, Dornith Doherty: Archiving Eden and discuss the importance of conserving plant species.
Registration is required. Email firstname.lastname@example.com or call 817.989.5032 for more information.
Dr. Mark Thistlethwaite, Kay and Velma Kimbell Chair of Art History, Texas Christian University
Explore artworks from the exhibitions Wild Spaces, Open Seasons: Hunting and Fishing in American Art and Caught on Paper and consider the various ways and reasons why artists have depicted Americans in their urban, rural, and wilderness environments.
This free lecture series is offered every Wednesday at 3 p.m. from August 23 to November 29 except during the week of Thanksgiving.
This week's topic: The Mystery and Melancholy of Andrew Wyeth's Outdoors
Celebrate with Amon Carter Trustees and Executive Director Andrew J. Walker at this annual reception and dinner honoring members of the Amon Carter Circle. Enjoy an entertaining evening known for some of the liveliest dinner conversation you will hear all year.


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Bar and Bat Mitzvah
Bar Mitzvah (Hebrew: בַּר מִצְוָה) and Bat Mitzvah (Hebrew: בַּת מִצְוָה) (Ashkenazi pronunciation: "Bas Mitzvah") (plural: B'nai Mitzvah for boys, and B'not Mitzvah – Ashkenazi pronunciation: "B'nos Mitzvah" – for girls) are Jewish coming of age rituals.
Bar (בַּר) is a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic word literally meaning "son" (בֵּן), while bat (בַּת) means "daughter" in Hebrew, and mitzvah (מִצְוָה) means "commandment" or "law" (plural: mitzvot). Thus bar mitzvah and bat mitzvah literally translate to "son of commandment" and "daughter of commandment". However, in rabbinical usage, the word bar means "under the category of" or "subject to". Bar mitzvah therefore translates to "an [agent] who is subject to the law". Although the term is commonly used to refer to the ritual itself, in fact the phrase originally refers to the person.
According to Jewish law, when Jewish boys become 13 years old, they become accountable for their actions and become a bar mitzvah. A girl becomes a bat mitzvah at the age of 12 according to Orthodox and Conservative Jews, and at the age of 13 according to Reform Jews.[citation needed] Prior to reaching bar mitzvah age, the child's parents hold the responsibility for the child's actions. After this age, the boys and girls bear their own responsibility for Jewish ritual law, tradition, and ethics, and are able to participate in all areas of Jewish community life. Traditionally, the father of the bar mitzvah gives thanks to God that he is no longer punished for the child's sins (Genesis Rabba, Toldot 23:11). In addition to being considered accountable for their actions from a religious perspective, b'nai mitzvah may be counted towards a minyan (prayer quorum) and may lead prayer and other religious services in the family and the community.
Bar mitzvah is mentioned in the Mishnah (Ethics of the Fathers, 5:21) and in the Talmud. In some classic sources, the age of 13 appears for instance as the age from which males must fast on the Day of Atonement, while females fast from the age of 12. In the late Middle Ages this was systematized in Europe into a general rule as to when a young person was obligated to observe the mitzvot. The age of b'nai mitzvah roughly coincides with physical puberty.[1] The bar or bat mitzvah ceremony is usually held on the first Shabbat after a boy's thirteenth and a girl's twelfth birthday.
Reaching the age of bar or bat Mitzvah signifies becoming a full-fledged member of the Jewish community with the responsibilities that come with it. These include moral responsibility for own actions, eligibility to be called to read from the Torah and lead or participate in a minyan, may possess personal property, may be legally married according to Jewish law, must follow the 613 laws of the Torah and keep the halakha, may testify as a witness in a Beth Din (Rabbinical court) case.
Many congregations require pre-bar mitzvah children to attend a minimum number of Shabbat prayer services at the synagogue, study at a Hebrew school, take on a charity or community service project, and maintain membership in good standing with the synagogue. In addition to study and preparation offered through the synagogue and Hebrew schools, bar mitzvah tutors may be hired to prepare the child through the study of Hebrew, Torah cantillation and basic Jewish concepts.
Aliyah to the Torah
The widespread practice is that on a Sabbath early in his thirteenth year, a boy is called up to read from the weekly portion of the Law (five books of Moses),[2] either as one of the first seven men or as the last, in which case he will read the closing verses and the Haftarah (selections from the books of the Prophets); and if he is unable to read, to recite at least the benediction before and after the reading.[3] He may also give a d'var Torah (a discussion of some Torah issue, such as a discussion of that week's Torah portion) and/or lead part or all of the prayer services.
In Orthodox circles, the occasion is sometimes celebrated during a weekday service that includes reading from the Torah, such as a Monday or Thursday morning service, in which case the bar mitzvah will also lay tefillin for the first time.
Some communities or families may delay the celebration for reasons such as availability of a Shabbat during which no other celebration has been scheduled, or due to the desire to permit family to travel to the event. However, this does not delay the onset of rights and responsibilities of being a Jewish adult which comes about strictly by virtue of age.
The obligation to lay tefillin begins when a boy reaches bar mitzvah age. In some Orthodox circles, however, the custom is for the bar mitzvah boy to begin putting on Tefillin one to three months before his bar mitzvah. This way, by the time he is obligated in the commandment, he will already know how to fulfill it properly.[4]
Bar mitzvah festivities typically include a seudat mitzvah, a celebratory meal with family, friends, and members of the community. Others may celebrate in different ways such as taking the bar or bat mitzvah on a special trip or organizing some special event in the celebrant's honor. In many communities, the celebrant is given a certificate. According to the Orthodox view, the bar mitzvah boy is so happy to be commanded to do mitzvah and earn reward in the next world for his efforts, that he throws a party and has a festive meal.
Bar and bat mitzvah parties in America are often lavish affairs held at hotels and country clubs with hundreds of guests.[5][6][7] The trend has been mocked, most notably in the movie Keeping Up With The Steins. Rabbi Shmuley Boteach says that over-the-top bar mitzvah parties were already common when he was growing up in Miami in the 1970s.[8]
Today many non-Orthodox Jews celebrate a girl's bat mitzvah in the same way as a boy's bar mitzvah. All Reform and Reconstructionist, and most Conservative synagogues have egalitarian participation, in which women read from the Torah and lead services. In Orthodox communities, a Bat Mitzvah is celebrated when a girl reaches the age of 12.
The majority of Orthodox and some Conservative Jews reject the idea that a woman can publicly read from the Torah or lead prayer services whenever there is a minyan (quorum of 10 males) available to do so. However, the public celebration of a girl becoming bat mitzvah in other ways has made strong inroads into Modern Orthodox Judaism and also into some elements of Haredi Judaism. In these congregations, women do not read from the Torah or lead prayer services, but they occasionally lecture on a Jewish topic to mark their coming of age, learn a book of Tanakh, recite verses from the Book of Esther or the Book of Psalms, or say prayers from the siddur. In some Modern Orthodox circles, bat mitzvah girls will read from the Torah and lead prayer services in a women's tefillah. Rabbi Moshe Feinstein, a prominent Orthodox posek, has ruled that bat mitzvah celebrations are permissible, but should not be held in a synagogue, because then they would be construed as imitating Reform and Conservative customs; in any case, they do not have the status of seudat mitzvah.[9] Rabbi Ovadiah Yosef holds that it is a seudat mitzvah.[10]
The event is celebrated by joyous festivity, the bat mitzvah girl delivering on this occasion a learned discourse or oration at the table before the invited guests, who offer her presents, while the rabbi or teacher gives her her blessing, accompanying it at times with an address.[11]
There were occasional attempts to recognize a girl's coming of age in eastern Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries, the former in Warsaw (1843) and the latter in Lemberg (1902). The occasion was marked by a party without any ritual in the synagogue.[12]
According to the archivist at the Great Synagogue in Rome, the custom of a young woman being called up in synagogue before the entire community dates back to the early years of the Roman Jewish community approximately 2,300 years ago. The community recognized her as "being of age" and acknowledged her in a public fashion. This would support more modern documents that record an Orthodox Jewish Italian rite for becoming bat mitzvah (which involved an "entrance into the minyan" ceremony, in which boys of thirteen and girls of twelve recited a blessing) since the mid-19th century.[13] There were also bat mitzvahs held in the 19th century in Iraq.[14] All this may have influenced the American rabbi Mordecai M. Kaplan, who held the first public celebration of a bat mitzvah in the United States, for his daughter Judith, on March 18, 1922, at the Society for the Advancement of Judaism, his synagogue in New York City.[15][16] Judith Kaplan recited the preliminary blessing, read a portion of that week's Torah portion in Hebrew and English, and then intoned the closing blessing.[15] Kaplan, who at that time claimed to be an Orthodox rabbi, joined Conservative Judaism and then became the founder of Reconstructionist Judaism, influenced Jews from all branches of non-Orthodox Judaism, through his position at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. At the time, most Orthodox rabbis strongly rejected the idea of a bat mitzvah ceremony.[citation needed]
As the ceremony became accepted for females as well as males, many women chose to celebrate the ceremony even though they were much older, as a way of formalizing and celebrating their place in the adult Jewish community.[17]
Alternative ceremonies
Instead of reading from the Torah, some Humanist Jews prefer a research paper on a topic in Jewish history to mark their coming of age.[18][19][20] Secular Jewish Sunday schools and communities—including those affiliated with the Congress of Secular Jewish Organizations and the Arbeiter Ring (Workmen's Circle)—encourage the youngsters to select any topic that interests them and relates to the Jewish part of their identities.
The kibbutz movement in Israel also encouraged the celebration of the bar mitzvah. All those coming of age in the community for that year would take on a project and research in a topic of Jewish or Zionist interest. Today many kibbutz children are opting for a more traditional bar mitzvah celebration.[citation needed]
Among some Jews, a man who has reached the age of 83 will customarily celebrate a second bar mitzvah, under the logic that in the Torah it says that a normal lifespan is 70 years, so that an 83-year-old can be considered 13 in a second lifetime. This practice has become increasingly uncommon.[21]
A Bark Mitzvah is a pseudo-traditional observance and celebration of a dog's coming of age,[22][23] as in the Jewish traditional bar mitzvah and bat mitzvah. The term has been in use since at least as early as 1977,[24] and Bark Mitzvahs are sometimes held as an adjunct to the festival of Purim.[25]
Bar or bat mitzvah celebrations have become an occasion to give the celebrant a commemorative gift. Traditionally, common gifts include books with religious or educational value, religious items, writing implements, savings bonds (to be used for the child's college education), gift certificates, or money.[26] Gifts of cash have become commonplace in recent times.[when?] As with charity and all other gifts, it has become common to give in multiples of 18, since the gematria, or numerical equivalent of the Hebrew word for "life", ("chai"), is the number 18. Monetary gifts in multiples of 18 are considered to be particularly auspicious and have become very common for bar and bat mitzvahs. Many bar mitzvahs also receive their first tallit from their parents to be used for the occasion and tefillin where this is appropriate. Jewelry is a common gift for girls at a bat mitzvah celebration. Another gift for the bat mitzvah girl are Shabbat candlesticks because it is the duty and honour of the woman to light the candles.[citation needed]
The modern method of celebrating becoming a bar mitzvah did not exist in the time of the Hebrew Bible, Mishnah or Talmud. Passages in the books of Exodus and Numbers note the age of majority for army service as twenty.[27] The term "bar mitzvah" appears first in the Talmud, the codification of the Jewish oral Torah compiled in the early first millennium of the common era, to connote "an [agent] who is subject to the law,"[28] and the age of thirteen is also mentioned in the Mishnah as the time one is obligated to observe the Torah's commandments: "At five years old a person should study the Scriptures, at ten years for the Mishnah, at 13 for the commandments . . ."[29][30] The Talmud gives 13 as the age at which a boy's vows are legally binding, and states that this is a result of his being a "man," as required in Numbers 6:2.[31] The term "bar mitzvah", in the sense it is now used, cannot be clearly traced earlier than the 14th century, the older rabbinical term being "gadol" (adult) or "bar 'onshin" (legally responsible for own misdoings).[3] Many sources indicate that the ceremonial observation of a bar mitzvah developed in the Middle Ages,[30][32] however, there are extensive earlier references to thirteen as the age of majority with respect to following the commandments of the Torah, as well as Talmudic references to observing this rite of passage with a religious ceremony, including:
- Samuel ha'Katan, at the close of the first century, in the Baraita attached to Abot v. 21 (see Machzor Vitry) the completion of the thirteenth year as the age for the commandments ("mitzvot"); and the commentary to the passage refers to Levi, the son of Jacob, who, at thirteen, is called "ish" (man; Gen. xxxiv. 25).
- Simon Tzemach Duran, in his "Magen Abot" to the Baraita, quotes a Midrash interpreting the Hebrew word ("this") in Isa. xliii. 21—"This people have I formed for myself, they shall pronounce [ A. V. "set forth"] my praise"—as referring by its numerical value to those that have reached the age of 13. This seems to imply that, at the time of the composition of the Midrash the bar mitzvah publicly pronounced a benediction on the occasion of his entrance upon maturity.
- The Midrash Hashkem (see Grünhut's "Sefer ha'Likkutim", i. 3a): "The heathen when he begets a son consecrates him to idolatrous practises; the Israelite has his son circumcised and the rite of 'pidyon haben' performed; and as soon as he becomes of age he brings him into the synagogue and school ('beit ha'knesset' and 'beit ha'midrash') in order that he may praise the name of God, reciting the 'Brachu' (Benediction) preceding the reading from the Law."
- Masseket Soferim xviii. 5 makes matters even more explicit: "In Jerusalem they are accustomed to initiate their children to fast on the Day of Atonement, a year or two before their maturity; and then, when the age has arrived, to bring the Bar Mitzvah before the priest or elder for blessing, encouragement, and prayer, that he may be granted a portion in the Law and in the doing of good works. Whosoever is of superiority in the town is expected to pray for him as he bows down to him to receive his blessing."
- The Midrash (Gen. R. lxiii.), which, in commenting upon the passage (Gen. xxv. 27), "and the boys grew," says: "Up to thirteen years Esau and Jacob went together to the primary school and back home; after the thirteen years were over, the one went to the beit ha'midrash for the study of the Law, the other to the house of idols. With reference to this, Rabbi Eleazar remarks, 'Until the thirteenth year it is the father's duty to train his boy; after this he must say: "Blessed be He who has taken from me the responsibility [the punishment] for this boy!"" "Why is the evil desire (yetzer hara) personified as the great king? (Eccl. ix. 14). Because it is thirteen years older than the good desire (yetzer hatob)." That is to say, the latter comes only with the initiation into duty (Ab. R. N., A. xvi., B. xxx.; Midr. Teh. ix. 2; Eccl. R. ix. 15).
- According to Pirke R. El. xxvi., Abraham rejected the idolatry of his father and became a worshiper of God when he was thirteen years old.[3]
- "It is a mitzvah for a person to make a meal on the day his son becomes Bar Mitzvah as on the day he enters the wedding canopy." (Orach Chayim 225:2, Magen Avraham 4)
In adults
While the traditional age to hold a bar or bat mitzvah is 13 (12 for girls), some adults choose to have bar or bat mitzvahs at an older age, some of whom had them as children and some who did not have them as children. Since the 1970s, the adult bar and bat mitzvah have been growing in popularity.
Bar and Bat Barakah
Bar/Bat Barakah means, in Aramaic, "Son/Daughter of the Blessing". In honour and recognition of Jewish traditions, including Zeved habat and Bar and Bat Mitzvah, some Christians have begun to conduct a Bar and Bat Barakah ceremony to pronounce blessings upon their children.[33]
See also
- ↑ Niddah, 45b.
- ↑ Calling someone up to say the Torah blessings during a service is called an Aliyah, from the Hebrew: עֲלִיָּה, from the verb la'alot, לעלות, meaning, "to rise, to ascend; to go up"
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Bar Miẓwah". Bar Miẓwah. Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company. Retrieved Jan 2, 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Some Laws of Tefillin - The Basic Laws and the order of Putting on the Tefillin. - Tefillin Explained". Chabad.org. Retrieved 2012-08-13.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Cohen, Stefanie (April 18, 2010). "$1 Million Parties - Have NYC Bar Mitzvahs Gone Too Far?". New York Post. News Corp. Archived from the original on 20 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-18.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Al (2011-01-18). "Saturday Night Live Mocks Over-The-Top Bar Mitzvah". Jewish Humor Central. Retrieved 2012-08-13.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Jewish Chicago's Hometown Newspaper". Chicago Jewish News. Retrieved 2012-08-13.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Extravagant Weddings and Bar Mitzvahs Humiliate the Jewish Community". Huffington Post. October 23, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Iggros Moshe OC 1:104 and OC 2:97
- ↑ Yabia Omer 2:29
- ↑ About.com; What Is a Bat Mitzvah?
- ↑ Marcus, Ivan G. (2004). The Jewish Life Cycle: Rites of Passage from Biblical to Modern Times. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-98440-6, p. 105.
- ↑ Marcus, p. 106.
- ↑ Barkat, Amiram (2003-05-27). "Coming of age a little later than usual - Haaretz Daily Newspaper | Israel News". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 2013-04-13.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 "The First American Bat Mitvah". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. 1922-03-18. Retrieved 2013-04-13.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Waskow, Arthur Ocean and Phyllis Ocean Berman. Excerpt from A Time for Every Purpose Under Heaven Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC at "History of Bat Mizvah". Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-10.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Maag, Christopher (March 22, 2009). "Having a Bat Mitzvah in Their 90s Because It's a Hoot". The New York Times. Retrieved March 31, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Arking, Linda (2011). "Sh'ma, A Journal of Jewish Responsibility | Molly's Unforgettable Bat Mitzvah". shma.com. Retrieved August 15, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ [1] Archived November 5, 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ [2] Archived July 20, 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ j. - Encore for violinist: 2nd bar mitzvah at 83
- ↑ Lily Koppel (20 December 2004). "Today He Is a Dog; Actually He Always Was". The New York Times.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Shari Cohen and Marcelo Gindlin. Alfie's Bark Mitzvah. Chandler: Five Star Publications, 2007. Book with audio CD. ISBN 1-58985-055-6, ISBN 978-1589850552. ASIN 1589850556.
- ↑ Letter to the editor (19 January 1997). "A Rabbi's View Of a 'Bark Mitzvah'". The New York Times. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Maryann Mott (6 October 2006). "Pets Gaining Recognition in Places of Worship". National Geographic News.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Judaism 101: Bar Mitzvah, Bat Mitzvah and Confirmation". jewfaq.org. 2011. Retrieved August 15, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bazelon, Emily. Slate, May 19, 2005. "Saving the Bar Mitzvah". Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-05.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Tractate Baba Mezia 96a.
- ↑ Pirkei Avot 5:25, see [3]
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Olitsky, Kerry M. An Encyclopedia of American Synagogue Ritual, Greenwood Press, 2000. 160 pages. ISBN 0-313-30814-4 p. 7.[4]
- ↑ Niddah 46A
- ↑ "Jewish Encyclopedia entry on the history of the Bar Mizvah". Jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2013-04-13.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Bar Barakah Ceremony".<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Further reading
- Goldberg, Harvey E. "Rites of Passage: Jewish Rites." Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay Jones. 2nd ed. Vol. 11. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. pp. 7818–7824. Gale Virtual Reference Library.
- Golding, Nora. Bat Mitzvahs in America. Lulu, 2015. ISBN 978-1-312-92108-5.
- Hilton, Michael. Bar Mitzvah: A History. University of Nebraska Press, 2014.
- Kaplan, Zvi, and Norma Baumel Joseph. "Bar Mitzvah, Bat Mitzvah." Encyclopaedia Judaica. Ed. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. pp. 164–167. Gale Virtual Reference Library.
- Oppenheimer, Mark. Thirteen and a Day: The Bar and Bat Mitzvah across America. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2005.
- Vinick, Barbara and Shulamit Reinharz. Today I Am a Woman: Stories of Bat Mitzvah around the World. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0253356932.
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bar Mitzvah.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bat Mitzvah.
- "Bar Mitzvah: everything you need to do it right"
- Schauss, Hayyim. History of Bar Mitzvah
- "Bar Mitzvah, Bat Mitzvah and Confirmation"
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia
- CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty
- CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list
- Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates
- Articles containing Hebrew-language text
- Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015
- Articles with unsourced statements from October 2007
- Vague or ambiguous time from September 2011
- Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011
- Interlanguage link template link number
- Jewish law and rituals
- Jewish observances
- Judaism and women
- Religion and children
- Rites of passage
- Commandments
- Jewish life cycle


text: As with all great notions it started with a daydream; move to Alaska and settle down in a cozy cabin, next to a lake, with my beloved other, my dogs and family. Paint and make ART to my hearts content. It's been a long road, today I am fortunate to have realized that dream. My blog is mostly about ART and sometimes everything else.


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Events Management coordinates the scheduling of on-campus events and activities in event spaces. The Registrar's Office is responsible for assigning classrooms for instructional purposes. After the academic class schedule is set, Events Management is responsible for coordinating events and activities in classrooms.
To maximize the success of events and meet fulfillment schedules, we ask that arrangements, including set-up needs, audiovisual equipment and support requirements, and security needs, be made with Events Management at least 14 days prior to the event. We ask that designees for GBB-Recognized Clubs and Organizations submit event requestes a minimum of 28 days prior to the proposed event for planning purposes. If you are a member of the Barnard community, please make your event requests online.
If a meeting room is needed, and no additional resources, including facility set-up, audiovisual, security, or catering are required, we facilitate requests online up to three days prior to the event.
Requests with less notice than outlined above cannot be made online. Please contact Events Management directly at 212.854.8021. We understand that last minute arrangements are sometimes necessary and work to facilitate the requests based on available resources.
After arrangements are finalized, the event organizer will receive an online event confirmation which includes the date, time, and location of the event as well as other related information.


text:
In the Clear Antiseptic Clarifying Lotion
>> Back to Cleansers & Toners
In the ClearAntiseptic Clarifying Lotion
This antiseptic lotion curtails recurring acne-blemishes with Resorcinol — a topical peeling agent — and the over-the-counter (OTC) drug Salicylic Acid. Helps keep pore walls clear and unplugged and resistant to bacterial invasion. Tightens pores, and facilitates healing of existing acne-blemishes. Contains specific, anti-blemish plant extracts.
- Contains Resorcinol, an effective "peeling" and antibacterial agent.
- Salicylic Acid helps exfoliate pore walls, and sterilize.
- Witch Hazel and Cucumber help tighten pores.
- Contains a potent anti-inflammatory derived from licorice.
- Onion Bulb Extract helps heal and reduce scarring.
- Helps dry-up existing acne-blemishes.
- Algae Extract helps regulate oil.
- Prepares skin for next phase in your In the Clear® clear-skin ritual.
- Clear of Oil. Clear of Dye. Clear of Fragrance.
Post-cleansing. Apply lotion to cotton and wipe over face and throat. Avoid eyes! Caution: Use of other topical preparations is discouraged unless prescribed by a physician.


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PD may suddenly accelerate to dangerous speeds. If PD splits open, do not look directly at resulting goo. PD is still legal in 14 states.
Most humans go by their first impressions, which are created into the first 30 seconds to minute of an encounter.¬ I see no reason why prose would be treated differently.
Not to sound self-important, but "skimming" it won't really work.In fact, I think most of the arguments on this board come from people skimming someone's rant/thread, and then bringing up an objection that was already addressed.
I never said your thoughts were official.¬ I did, however express interest as to the further explanation of the thoughts themselves.¬ Currently, I'm curious as to how many other things you comment on after briefly skimming them.
Hmm, just some thoughts...Read a little of BIP, due to its "print nature" and me not really in the best position to print atm, I skimmed it and got a bit of the gist of it.I think, if it's any aim to "update" the PD with BIP, then it's definitely off the mark so far, but maybe I misread what the BIP is intended for.In any case, I suppose it wouldn't make for a bad *companion* guide to the PD, it seems to me though, that BIP is trying to *explain* things, where as PD was more a *pointer* to things. As it is said, "The Tao that can be spoken is not the true and eternal Tao".All I can really say is, as a *relatively* young person¬ (in comparison to the ages of the people who wrote the PD anyway) living in Aus, I still find PD very relavent, and theres little that I cannot truely grasp due to culture/age difference.In anycase, I'll give it a better read later, and I may change my mind about a few things, I don't know.But in anycase, do what thou wilt, for I don't give a stuff. It should be interesting in any case.
Then, as soon as I cast off my shackles of what I "believed" in... weird, weird shit has been happening to me. And I know it's because of the PD that allowed this to happen.


text:
|Quick Facts: Recreational Therapists
$47,860 per year
$23.01 per hour
|Bachelor's degree
|7% (As fast as average)
What Recreational Therapists Do
Recreational therapists plan, direct, and coordinate recreation-based treatment programs for people with disabilities, injuries, or illnesses. These therapists use a variety of modalities, including arts and crafts; drama, music, and dance; sports and games; aquatics; and community outings to help maintain or improve a patient's physical, social, and emotional well-being.
Work Environment
Recreational therapists work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, nursing homes, and government parks and recreation departments. Most therapists work full time.
How to Become a Recreational Therapist
Recreational therapists typically need a bachelor's degree. Many employers require therapists to be certified.
The median annual wage for recreational therapists was $47,860 in May 2018.
Job Outlook
Employment of recreational therapists is projected to grow 7 percent from 2016 to 2026, about as fast as the average for all occupations. As the large baby-boom generation ages, they will need recreational therapists to help treat age-related injuries and illnesses and to help them maintain a healthy, active lifestyle.
State & Area Data
Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for recreational therapists.
Similar Occupations
Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of recreational therapists with similar occupations.
More Information, Including Links to O*NET
Learn more about recreational therapists by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.


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Diligent. dynamic. different.
Gibson Law Group is nearing completion of its second decade of providing corporate, commercial, and tax related legal services to select businesses and individuals throughout the United States.
Across Louisiana
With attorneys licensed in both Louisiana and Texas, the firm is uniquely situated to serve clients whose business ventures span the Gulf Coast. Our clients come from a wide variety of industries, and each of them brings a unique set of business challenges and opportunities. Read more.


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Commission proposals on animal cloning and novel food18 December 2013
by eub2 -- last modified 19 December 2013
The European Commission has today adopted three draft laws on animal cloning and on novel food which will provide legal certainty in this field. Two proposals will ban the use of the cloning technique in the EU for farm animals and the imports of these animal clones. The marketing of food from animal clones will also be prohibited. These proposals intend to address animal welfare and other ethical concerns related to the use of the technique. The draft law on novel food revises the existing Novel Food Regulation with a view to improving access of new and innovative food to the EU market, while still maintaining a high level of consumer protection.
1) What is cloning?
Cloning animals means creating animals by using the genetic material from a cell from another animal. It is a form of asexual reproduction performed in a laboratory. The closest natural analogy to a clone is identical twins. As identical twins, clones and cell donor animals share exactly the same genetic information (DNA).
Yet cloning is not like photocopying. In practice the nucleus of normal body cell, e.g. from the ear, is transferred into an egg (oocyte) from another animal from which the nucleus has been removed. The manipulated oocyte is implanted into a surrogate mother who will - if everything goes well - give birth to the clone. The clone will eventually develop into an adult animal.
2) Why is cloning important?
Currently, cloning is used for research purposes in the EU. Cloning may be used to multiply animals which have shown important traits, like higher milk yields or better adaptation to demanding environmental conditions. Even if cloning were to be more widely used, this would rather be to reproduce high-value, elite animals such as top-performing breeding animals and/or endangered species.
In the farming sector elite animals are cloned because their reproductive material (semen, ova, and embryos) bears a high commercial value. Cloning allows the production of higher quantities of reproductive material with the genes of the elite animals. Hence clones are used as breeding animals whose offspring is conceived naturally or via artificial insemination.
It is important to underline that, for the moment, cloning is so expensive that its use for food production is not lucrative.
3) What is the difference between cloning and genetic modification?
Cloning does not involve any genetic modification. In fact, the clone is a near exact genetic copy of the donor animal.
4) Where is cloning carried out?
Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Japan and United States, confirmed that animals are cloned on their territory but could not indicate to what extent. In the United States, Canada and Brazil clones are registered by private companies. In Canada, the legal situation on cloning is similar to that in the EU, i.e. food produced from cloned animals is considered novel and requires pre-market approval.
5) Does cloning impact on animal welfare?
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has confirmed that surrogate dams used in cloning suffer in particular from placenta dysfunctions contributing to increased levels of miscarriages. This contributes, amongst other things, to the low efficiency of the technique, 6 to 15 % for bovine and 6 % for porcine species, and the need to implant embryo clones into several dams to obtain one clone. In addition, clone abnormalities and unusually large offspring result in difficult births and neonatal deaths.
6) Is food from clones or food derived from their off-spring safe to eat?
According to EFSA's opinion there is no indication that differences exist in terms of food safety between food products from healthy cattle and pig clones and their off-spring, compared with those from healthy conventionally-bred animals. No relevant data was available for other species, i.e. horses, sheep and goats. Yet EFSA presumed that the results for these species would be similar.
7) Is cloning ethical?
The European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies (EGE) in 20081 expressed doubts that animal cloning for food production purposes can be justified: "considering the current level of suffering and health problems of surrogate dams and animal clones". The EGE also concluded that it did "not see convincing arguments to justify the production of food from clones and their offspring".
According to Eurobarometer studies, the majority of EU citizens disapprove the use of cloning for food production on animal welfare and general ethical grounds. They do not want to eat food from animal clones.
8) Why is the Commission adopting new rules now?
In 2008, the Commission presented a proposal to amend the Novel Food Regulation. The co-legislative procedure discussions provoked a debate on the introduction of specific rules on cloning which went beyond the scope of the Novel Food Regulation. No agreement was reached between the European Parliament and the Council. As a result, the Commission was asked to prepare a separate legislative proposal on cloning in food production based on an impact assessment. This issue has been in the work programme of the Commission in 2012 and 2013.
9) What is "preliminary" prohibition?
The prohibitions should only apply on a provisional basis since the technique is likely to develop and would therefore need to be reviewed. Such review should take into account the experience gained by Member States in implementing the measures, scientific and technical progress and international developments.
10) What will be the impact on the farming, food and research sectors?
The proposals will not restrict cloning for uses other than farming such as research, conservation of rare breeds and endangered species or use of animals for the production of pharmaceuticals and medical devices.
11) Will negotiations with trading partners be affected?
The proposals intend to prohibit the marketing of clones or food for human consumption. It is not likely that such measures will have a high trade impact however the issue at stake relates more to the animal welfare concerns which need to be addressed at the EU level.
12) How is cloning linked to the Novel Food Regulation?
Since animal cloning is a new technique in food production, food derived from animal clones falls currently under the scope of the Novel Food Regulation.
13) Why did the Commission propose Directives and not Regulations?
Directives are binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon all of the Member States to whom they are addressed, but leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods. Directives give Member States certain flexibility by allowing them to integrate measures on cloning into existing national implementing instruments e.g. Directives concerned with animal testing, zootechnics and clinical trials. Member States can therefore employ existing control tools as appropriate for the implementation of EU rules. This approach limits the administrative burden.
14) Why will the food from offspring not be labelled?
The Commission considered labelling of food from clones, their offspring and descendants. Labelling requires confidence that its content is correct. To ensure this, it is necessary to create a documented link between a food and the animal/animal clone. This requires that parentage information for every food producing animal is conveyed through the food production chain. This becomes more complicated and therefore costly with every generation between the clone and the animal, reproductive material and the food.
For official controls, checking the accuracy of statements on labels would require in particular for food from offspring and descendant meticulous investigation into the accompanying documentation.
Therefore the complex option of labelling fresh bovine meat from offspring is requiring more time so that a comprehensive impact analysis and feasibility study can be carried out, without prejudging the outcome of this analysis.
15) What is a novel food?
Novel Food is defined as food not consumed to any significant degree in the EU prior to May 1997 (when the first Novel Food legislation entered into force). This can be newly developed, innovative food or food produced using new technologies and production processes as well as food traditionally eaten outside of the EU.
16) Has novel food been authorised in the EU?
Up until the beginning of December 2013, there have been around 150 applications (7-10 applications/year). So far around 70 novel foods have been authorised for use in the EU. Authorised novel food include products traditionally eaten in non-EU countries such as "noni juice" (made from a Tahitian plant), and food produced using the latest technological innovations such as oils and dairy products enriched with phytosterols/phytostanols to reduce cholesterol. Other examples include "salatrim" a reduced-energy fat, DHA-rich oil, a high-pressure fruit juice (which is an example of a food derived from new production processes).
List of authorised novel food
17) Why is the Commission revising the legislation on novel food?
Following a 2008 impact assessment, it appeared that the current provisions for novel food needed to be updated, in line with new technological developments and scientific advice and with the objective to reduce the considerable length (3 ½ years in average) for the authorisation procedure. A previous revision was proposed by the Commission back in 2008, but its final adoption by the Council and the European Parliament failed because of the cloning issue.
The aim of today's proposal is to increase the efficiency of the authorisation procedure, enable a quicker delivery of safe, innovative food on the market and remove unnecessary barriers to trade, whilst ensuring a high level of food safety.
18) What are the main changes being introduced?
The proposed Regulation creates a centralised authorisation system, which will allow greater certainty for applicants seeking authorisation for a novel food and will simplify and speed up the authorisation process.
EFSA will perform the risk assessment for the novel food application, while the Commission will manage the files of each applicant, putting forward a proposal for the authorisation of novel food which is found to be safe.
To remove any barriers to trade caused by the long authorisation process for traditional food from non-EU countries, the proposal also introduces a more appropriate assessment procedure for food new to the EU. If the history of safe use of the food in a non-EU country can be demonstrated, and there are no safety objections from Member States or EFSA, the food will be allowed to be placed on the market on the basis of a notification from the food business operator in the non-EU country.
Data protection provisions are also included in the proposal. Newly developed scientific evidence and proprietary data will not be allowed to be used for the benefit of another application for 5 years after the novel food has been authorised.
19) What are the requirements for a novel food to be authorised for use in the EU?
Novel food will only be approved for use in the EU if they do not present a risk to public health, are not nutritionally disadvantageous when replacing a similar food and are not misleading to the consumer. They must undergo a scientific assessment prior to authorisation to ensure their safety. The authorisation sets out, as appropriate, the conditions for their use, their designation as a food/food ingredient and labelling requirements.
20) What are the labelling requirements for novel food?
Novel food is subject to the general labelling requirements (Directive 2000/13/EC). Specific additional requirements for the labelling of novel food may also apply, if necessary to properly inform the consumer. The label must mention the name of the food, and, where appropriate, specify the conditions of use. Any nutrition and health claim should only be made in accordance with the Health and Nutrition Claims Regulation 1924/2006.
21) What are the requirements for nanomaterial?
Nanomaterial is materials engineered at the scale of atoms and molecules. The proposal specifies that engineered nanomaterials, as defined in the Regulation on Food Information to Consumers, require a Novel Food authorisation before being used in foodstuffs. This confirms that nanomaterial's are covered by the Novel Food Regulation.
22) Will the proposal affect innovation in the food sector?
The aim of the proposal is to make the authorisation procedure for novel food simpler, faster and more efficient, so that innovate food which is safe to consume can be put on the market within short delays. Moreover, the data protection provisions will help to protect the interests of companies which produce new, innovative products, and should help to encourage innovation in the food sector.
23) Are there any novel food applications in the pipeline?
Over recent years, there have been around 7-10 applications per year for novel food authorisations across the EU. Examples of recent authorisations include rooster comb extract (which has a high hyaluronic acid content) or chia seeds (commonly used in the South America).
24) Can Member States ban/approve a novel food independently of the EU?
No. The Novel Food Regulation lays down harmonised measures for the authorisation of novel food, which means that once a foodstuff is approved for marketing in the EU, it can be sold in any Member State. However, a Member State can suspend or provisionally restrict the marketing and use of any novel food if they believe it to constitute a health hazard according to the safeguard provisions of the General Food Law (Regulation (EC) No 178/2002). The Member State authorities must inform the Commission, which then carries out an investigation into the protective measure of the Member State. If a food is found to pose any risk to consumers, the Commission can immediately suspend its authorisation for marketing in the EU.


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Is there such a thing as too much horsepower? We all know it's torque that gets our hot rod accelerating, and it's horsepower that keeps it moving. However, we also know that horsepower figures tend to be the more relevant numbers for enthusiasts. Mention big power numbers and most can relate to it, visualizing thick plumes of smoke billowing from the wheelwells. Mention torque figures and most people are thinking about stump pullers.
In most cases, I've had little concern about having too much power in drag racing applicationsafter all, more is better, right? Simply said, a good set of stickies in a well-balanced chassis will generally take the hit from a dig. With that in mind, I've recently learned a valuable lesson about streetable versus usable horsepower.
Later in the issue, you'll find that our resident Z06 is now sporting MagnaCharger's latest TVS 2300 supercharger. I won't divulge too much information here, especially since we go into great detail on its current street demeanor from behind the wheel. However, I am excited to say the power to the wheels was outstanding, producing nearly 500 hp to the wheels and over 400 lb-ft as early as 2,300 rpm!
Unlike the dedicated drag cars I own, this is a real-world driver that we occasionally take out to the autocross and dragstrip for a little fun. Our initial baseline numbers revealed 348 hp to the wheels, and that, my friend, is a lot of fun in a lightweight chassis. With the addition of the supercharger, we upped the ante to 492 hp and 451 lb-ft with minimal boost, and it's flat-out awesome.
The first time I got back in the seat and throttled it ever so slightly, the rubber out back didn't have a chance; even in Second gear, you have to roll into the pedal to prevent any wheelspin. Over the past several months, I've logged enough seat time to get acclimated to the newfound power and have even considered bumping up the boost levels for a bit more. Fortunately, I came to my senses and realized that this power level is ideal for what I do.
This isn't a race car by any means, but there's no denying it's one potent street car. Sure, there are those who will contest my thoughts and say their insert the power level of your choice ride is perfectly streetable. I won't argue that, because truth be told, I feel anything is streetable as long as you have the tolerance for it. As for me, I think I've found the happy medium between comfort and performance for the street and that's with the air conditioning on full tilt. Then again, we may have to revisit that in another year. What about you, what's your number?
As much as I enjoy big power numbers, I'll leave that for the track.
Article Source: www.chevyhiperformance.com


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because, after all, he is a man.
so he sliced into his portion, worked it around & declared, "i am a man & i am pleased."
i guess that's that.
Man Pleasing Chicken (via witty in the city)
You Need:
Boneless chicken thighs, 1.5 lb package
1/2 cup Dijon mustard
1/4 cup Maple syrup
1 tblsp rice wine vinegar
fresh rosemary
salt & pepper
Directions: Pre heat oven to 450 & line a baking dish with foil. In a small bowl, combine the dijon mustard, maple syrup & rice wine vinegar.
It'll please.