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Journal of Energy in Southern Africa
versión On-line ISSN 2413-3051
versión impresa ISSN 1021-447X
J. energy South. Afr. vol.24 no.3 Cape Town ene. 2013
Exergy analysis of a flat plate solar collector
Sunil Chamoli
GRDIMT Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
In this study, exergetic performance analysis of flat plate solar collector has been carried out analytically. A comprehensive mathematical modelling of thermal performance is simulated using MATLAB simulink and optimal geometrical and thermody-namic parameters are predicted pertaining to optimum performance of the system. The optimization procedure was applied to a typical collector and the optimum design points were extracted. The optimum values of collector inlet temperature, mass flow rate, absorber plate area, and fluid outlet temperature for maximum exergy inflow from the system have been obtained.
Keywords: exergy, optimization, solar collector, solar energy
1. Introduction
The role of energy becomes increasingly important to fulfil needs of modern societies and to sustain fast economic and industrial growth worldwide. In view of the world's depleting fossil fuel reserves and environmental threats, development of renewable energy sources receives importance. Of many alternatives, solar energy stands out as a conspicuous energy source for meeting the demand. Though it is located and time dependent, it requires efficient collection and storage systems for economic utilization. The easiest way to utilize solar energy for heating applications is to convert it into thermal energy by using solar collectors.
The performance of solar collectors can be examined from the standpoint of exergy, which is a useful method to complement, not to replace the energy analysis. The amount of useful energy (exergy) delivered by solar collectors is found to be affected by heat transfer irreversibility between the sun and the collector, between the collector and the ambient air and inside the collector. Exergy analysis quantifies the collection and useful consumption of exergy and pinpoints the unrecoverable losses, leading the way to improve the system. The rate at which the exergy is collected by a solar collector can be increased by increasing the mass flow rate of the fluid through the collector and/or the collector area. Since the collector is an expensive component of any solar thermal system which needs advanced material technology to build it and hence, requires large investment in the form of capital cost. We have to optimize the collector area in order to reduce the capital cost of the system, as the fuel (sunlight) is free. Again, for large mass flow rates the fluid outlet temperature is very low and requires more power to pump the fluid through the collector. At the other limit low flow rates result in high fluid outlet temperatures with high specific work potential but the energy losses increase due to the temperature differences, therefore, the optimum mass flow rate is required.
Farahat et al. (2005) have done exergetic optimization of a flat plate solar collector, which is developed to determine the optimal performance and design parameters of the solar to a thermal energy conversion system. Exergetic optimization has been carried out under design considerations and optimum values of mass flow rate, absorber plate area and the maximum exergy efficiency have been found.
Ucar (2006) has done an experimental investigation carried out for the shape and arrangement of absorber surfaces of the collectors that were reorganized to provide better heat transfer surfaces suitable for the passive heat transfer augmentation techniques. The performance of such solar air collectors with staggered absorber sheets and attached fins on absorber surface were tested. The exergy relations are delivered for different solar air collectors. It is seen that the largest irreversibility is occurring at the conventional solar collector in which collector efficiency is smallest.
Hikmet (2008) does an experimental energy and exergy analysis for a novel flat plate solar air heater (SAH) with several obstacles and without obstacles. For increasing the available heat-transfer area, this may be achieved if air is flowing simulta- neously and separately over and under the different obstacle absorbing plates, instead of only flowing either over or under the different obstacle absorbing plates, leading to improved collector efficiency. The measured parameters were the inlet and outlet temperatures, the absorbing plate temperatures, the ambient temperature, and the solar radiation. Further, the measurements were performed at different values of mass flow rate of air and different levels of absorbing plates in the flow channel duct. After the analysis of the results, the optimal value of efficiency is the middle level of the absorbing plate in the flow channel duct for all operating conditions and the double-flow collector supplied with obstacles appears significantly better than that without obstacles. At the end of this study, the exergy relations are delivered for different SAHs. The results show that the largest irreversibility is occurring at the flat plate (without obstacles) collector in which collector efficiency is smallest.
Kahrobaian (2008) proposed a new method of optimization on linear parabolic solar collectors using exergy analysis that is presented. A comprehensive mathematical modelling of thermal and optical performance is simulated and geometrical and thermodynamic parameters were assumed as optimization variables. By applying a derived expression for exergy efficiency, exergy losses were generated and the optimum design and operating conditions were investigated. The objective function (exergy efficiency) along with constraint equations constitutes a four-degree freedom optimization problem. Using the Lagrange multipliers method, the optimization procedure was applied to a typical collector and the optimum design point was extracted.
To study the effect of changes in optimization variables on the collected exergy, the sensitivity of optimization to changes in the collector parameters and operating conditions is evaluated and variation of exergy fractions at this point are studied and discussed in the present study.
2. Energy analysis
The energy analysis of a flat plate solar collector is given by Sukhatme (1993). The useful heat gain from working fluid is:
Where , Cp, T0, Ti, is the mass flow rate, specific heat, Outlet and Inlet temperature of working fluid. The Hottel-Whiller equation for the useful heat gain from solar collector is:
Where Ap, FR, Ta, UI, IT, (τα) are the area of the absorber plate, Heat removal factor, ambient tem- perature, overall heat loss coefficient, incident solar radiation and the transmittance absorptance product.
Heat removal factor is defined as:
Where F' is the collector efficiency factor.
Thermal efficiency of solar collector is defined as
3. Exergy analysis
Application of exergy analysis to a solar collector helps designers to achieve an optimum design and gives direction to decrease exergy losses. The Exergy concept is one of the two ways to the second law analysis, and entropy generation from irre-versibility's is the other method. However, both techniques fundamentally give identical results. Decreasing exergy destructed during thermody-namic processes can be achieved by the view point of maximizing exergy efficiency. By applying exergy balance on a solar collector (shown in Figure 1a), exergy efficiency can be derived and the shares of irreversible factors are defined as well. Exergy balance on a flat plate solar collector, as depicted in Figure 1a, can be generally expressed as Suzuki (1987):
The associated exergy losses of a system shown in Figure 1a are given in Figure 1b.
The exergy input rate σ Ėin includes the exergy accompanying mass flow rate and the exergy of solar radiation and exergy out rate includes exergy mass flow. The Ėgain is the exergy accumulated by the fluid flow:
Exergy efficiency is the ratio of gain exergy to solar radiation exergy.
A dimensional less parameter is defined as is the ratio of exergy to the incoming radiation sxergy from the sun.
The inlet exergy rate includes the inlet exergy rate with fluid flow and the absorbed solar radiation.
The inlet exergy rate includes the inlet exergy rate with fluid flow and the absorbed solar radiation exergy rate. The inlet exergy rate with fluid flow is given by:
According to Petela's theory, the exact exergy income by solar radiation for a typical collector with surface area of Ap becomes:
ηρ is Petela's efficiency of converting radiation energy (i.e.ITAp ) into work as Bejan (1988):
Where Ts is the sun temperature.
Considering the exergy at inlet and outlet then exergy efficiency is expressed as
the exergy efficiency should be expressed in terms of lost and destructed exergy to illustrate which exergy fractions are major, and consequently take direction to decrease them. Exergy leakage rate out to the surroundings due to optical errors and heat transfer to ambient in a solar collector and is undesirable:
Due to optical error and surface properties of the absorber tube in collector parts of solar radiation do not reach absorber tube. The fraction of optical exergy rate is:
Studying the collector in steady state conditions is thus however, exergy change rate of the tube and fluid can be approximately neglected in every condition due to low values.
Exergy destruction is caused by irreversibility's in the system and there are two ways of exergy destruction in solar collectors; exergy destructed due to friction of viscous fluid and exergy destructed due to heat transfer processes. Since the viscous fluid causes pressure drop between inlet and outlet of the tube, considering correspondent entropy generation, exergy destructed during this process can be stated as
Exergy is also destructed while heat is transferred from hot to cold temperatures. There are two heat transfer processes in the collector; 1) heat transfer of solar energy absorbed by the surface of the tube, 2) heat transfer conduction from outer tube surface to fluid flow. The exergy destructed rate due to absorption and conduction process is defined as:
Substituting (16-19) in equation (8), the exergy efficiency can be depicted as:
The right term of equation (20) indicates the exergy losses.
4. Results and discussion
Thermal analysis of a solar collector has been carried out using a mathematical simulation technique. The effect of operating parameters on exergy efficiency has been investigated. An optimization of exergy efficiency has been carried out to evaluate the optimum values of operating parameters by using MATLAB computational program.
Figure 2 shows the behaviour of the exergy efficiency as a function of the mass flow rate of fluid and the absorber plate area. It is presented to a range of operational and design conditions where the exergy efficiency takes a global maximum value. The incremented quantities are the absorber plate area from 1 to 9 m2 and the mass flow rate of fluid from 0.001 to 0.009 kg/s. The calculated values for the global maximum point are A p= 9 m2, m= 0:008 kg/s, ηEx=4%. Increasing the mass flow rate above the value of m=0.008kg/s shows the no change of exergy efficiency for A p=9 m2. This subject allows the designer to optimize the solar collector regarding other conditions such as design limitations and thermal applications. Whereas, decreasing the mass flow rate below the value of m=0.008kg/s determines the sensible decrease of exergy efficiency for A p=9m2 and this subject shows the danger range.
Figure 3 shows the effect of fluid inlet temperature on the exergy efficiency. By increasing the fluid inlet temperature until the value of Ti=300 K, the exergy efficiency increases and then decreases sharply.
Figure 4 shows the ambient temperature effect on the exergy efficiency. Increasing the ambient temperature from 300 to 313 K determines the sensible decrease of the exergy efficiency. Since the ambient temperature changes during the day, for having the maximum exergy efficiency, other parameters and the solar collector operating conditions should change during the day.
Figure 5 shows the variations of the exergy efficiency versus the wind speed. Increasing the wind speed from 0.001 to 50 m/s determines the sensible decrease of the exergy efficiency from 5 to 4%.
Figure 6 shows the variations of the exergy efficiency with respect to the incident solar energy per unit area of the absorber plate. By increasing this parameter from 100 to 1000 W/m2, the exergy efficiency increases.
5. Conclusion
In this paper, a new and comprehensive method for defining design and operating conditions for a flat plate solar collector was presented. The proposed method consists of an objective design approach, and simulation of thermal performance of the collector. Exergy efficiency was introduced as an objective function and regarding thermal aspects, mathematical modelling for real performance of the collector implemented.
In the optimization procedure, optimum values of collector inlet temperature, mass flow rate, fluid outlet temperature as main variables, were extracted in the presence of environment conditions, material selected and design constraints. The optimum design plots are prepared for operating parameters so that the maximum value of exergy efficiency of the collector was gained.
A area (m2)
Cp heat capacity of the fluid (kJ/kgK)
D diameter (m)
E exergy rate (J/s)
F' collector effciency factor
FR heat removal factor
IT solar radiation intensity (W/m2) k conductivity (W/mK) m mass flow rate (kg/s)
Q heat transfer rate (W)
S radiation absorbed flux (W/m2)
T temperature (K)
U collector loss coefficient (W/m2K)
V speed, velocity (m/s)
Greek symbols
a absorptance
Δ difference in pressure or temperature
η efficiency (%)
τ transmittance
ϱ density (kg/m3)
(τα) effective product transmittance-absorptance
a ambient
en energy
ex exergy
exp exponential
f fluid
i inlet
l overall
o outlet
p absorber plate, Petela
u useful
Bejan, A., (1988). Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, 488-491. [ Links ]
Farahat, S., Sarhaddi S., & Ajam H., (2009). Exergetic Optimization of Flat Plate Solar Collector, Renewable Energy, 34, 1169-1174. [ Links ]
Ucar, A., & Inalli L., (2006), Thermal and exergy analysis of solar air collectors with passive augmentation techniques, International Communication in Heat and Mass Transfer, 33, 1281-1290. [ Links ]
Hikmet, E., (2008). Experimental energy and exergy analysis of a double-flow solar air Heater having different obstacles on absorber plates, Building and Environment, 43, 1046-1054. [ Links ]
Kahrobaian, A., & Malekmohammadi H., (2008). Exergy Optimization Applied to Linear Parabolic Solar Collectors, Journal of Faculty of Engineering, 2008, 42, 131-144. [ Links ]
Sukhatme, S.P, (1993). Solar Energy, New York TMH, 1993, 83-139. [ Links ]
Suzuki, A., (1987). General Theory of Exergy Balance and Application to Solar Collectors, 123-128. [ Links ]
Received 22 February 2011
Revised 20 June 2013


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You can find Jane's work showcased with some high quality company in the newly released "100 Artists of the West Coast II" hardcover coffee-table art book. Published by Schiffer Press in Pennsylvania, the book features a variety of different artists working in various fine arts media.
"100 Artists of the West Coast II" is available at all major book stores and on the Internet.

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August 15, 2019U.S. Foreign Policy
In this special episode of The World Next Week, James M. Lindsay and Robert McMahon are joined by CFR senior fellow Carla Anne Robbins to discuss their most recently beloved books, the books they're …
May 16, 2019Australia
In this special episode, James M. Lindsay and Robert McMahon discuss upcoming parliamentary elections in Australia and the European Union, as well as India's six-week-long election, which is drawing …
April 18, 2019U.S. Foreign Policy
Robert Kagan joins Jim Lindsay to discuss the state of the liberal international order. Kagan is the Stephen & Barbara Friedman senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. He is a contributing column…
March 12, 2019India
Alyssa Ayres, CFR senior fellow for India, Pakistan, and South Asia, discusses India-Pakistan relations and the recent violence in Kashmir with Robert McMahon.
January 28, 2019Donald Trump
Zalmay Khalilzad, the current Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation at the State Department, recently announced a potential framework for a peace deal between the United States and Af…
December 20, 2018Global
As 2018 draws to a close, CFR's James M. Lindsay and Robert McMahon are joined by Brookings senior fellow Constanze Stelzenmuller to reflect on the year that was and look ahead to 2019. Democratic ba…
November 1, 2018U.S. Foreign Policy
Robert Kagan joins James M. Lindsay to discuss the state of the liberal international order.
October 25, 2018United States
Ivo H. Daalder joins James M. Lindsay and Robert McMahon to discuss America's abdication of global leadership.
June 28, 2018United States
Looking for nonfiction book recommendations to kick off your summer? In this annual episode, hosts Jim Lindsay and Bob McMahon join Washington Post book critic Carlos Lozada to discuss the books they…
February 8, 2018Economics
Andrew Zimbalist, the Robert A. Woods professor of economics at Smith College, joins CFR's James M. Lindsay to discuss the political and economic costs of hosting the Olympics.


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Six journalists were killed in
Yvan Scopan, a cameraman for TF-1 Television Company; Sergei Krasilnikov, a video engineer for Ostankino Television Company; Rory Peck, a cameraman for the German ARD Television Company; and Igor Belozyorov, an editor for the Ostankino State Broadcasting Company were killed in a gun battle between the hardliners and their supporters and pro-Yeltsin special forces units the control of Ostankino Television Center. Vladimir Drobyshev died of a heart attack during the clash.
Aleksandr Sidelnikov, a cameraman for Lennauchfilm Studio in
Six journalists were killed in


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Have you thought about having sections titled 'British Commonwealth Banknotes','British Commonwealth Coins',& 'British Commonwealth Traders' Currency Tokens'?
The interest in these has grown a lot in the past 30 years,especially since the late Jerome Remick published his British Commonwealth coin catalogue at the end of the 1960's.
British Commonwealth numismatic sections.
Questions and suggestions about Coinsandcanada.com.
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Giveaway: Rice Krispies Spooky Fall Challenge & $100 Bank Gift Card Giveaway
Our third Rice Krispies challenge is upon us. This time we were challenged to create a spooky fall treat that would double as a fun craft for moms and kids to work on together. We created our original recipe first, a Brown Butter Pumpkin Spice Rice Krispies treat. Then we created our craft, a haunted [...]giveaway, rice krispies


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text:
Quick Trips
Caves, comfort food in Hocking Hills
By the time I hit the second dish of gourmet mac and cheese, I was beginning to get the idea that "comfort food" didn't have to be something you whip up for your 7-year-old.
Yes, indeed, I toured the food of Hocking Hills, Ohio. I submerged myself in smoked brisket so tender you could cut it with a fork, catfish in batter so light and crisp you could almost break it like a cracker, a killer milkshake in a boot factory, duck confit whipped up in a fancy restaurant by college students. Oh, and I mustn't forget the secret-recipe donuts.
Hey, everybody deserves a vacation now and then from all that healthy stuff the docs insist we eat to keep our arteries clear and our waistlines under control.
But there was also a bit of exercise to cut the guilt factor — hikes to caves with dripping ice and a talk by a Shawnee elder. Plus way more.
"What do you think of when someone says Ohio?" someone asked shortly after I arrived.
"Industry," said one of my friends.
"Steel," said another.
"Buckeyes," said someone else, referring, I wasn't sure, to either the nuts or the Ohio State University football team.
Beyond all that, 50 miles south of Columbus, is Hocking Hills and its parks, its food, its hospitality.
There's a "Comfort Food Cruise," held in the dead of winter, which prompted my husband to wonder on what body of water that was taking place, much less one that wasn't frozen solid.
"Cruise" here refers to cruising in your car. Ten restaurants serve up appetizer-portions of cinnamon rolls, biscuits and gravy, grilled cheese sandwiches, pizza, brownies, meatloaf, chicken and dumplings and, yes, mac and cheese.
For 15 dollars.
"Um, isn't that a bit steep — $15 per restaurant?" my husband wondered.
No, not $15 per restaurant — $15 total. And $5 of that goes to local food pantries that serve the poor.
Yes, it's a lure to get people here in winter. Yes, it's a deal. Yes, the food is really good.
And even not counting that, the general pricing of food here — much of it truly mouth watering — is way below what you might expect if you live in, say, Miami or New York or Dallas. Rhapsody Restaurant, for instance, is run by a chef with top credentials but the food is cooked by students taking a two-year culinary course, which leads to the $3 gourmet mac & cheese (drizzled with truffle oil) and the $14 duck confit, among other things.
But the star of the area is Hocking Hills State Park, which gets 3.1 million visitors a year, nicely comparing to, say, the Grand Canyon's 4.5 million.
Mind you, Hocking Hills is strictly a do-it-yourself affair. You wander it yourself, choosing your inns, your restaurants and if you do want some guidance, your naturalist-led hikes. But the choice of activities is far more textured than you might expect, starting in winter and early spring with the frozen waterfalls. There are hundreds in the area but of all these, the most beautiful are Old Man's Cave, Ash Cave and Cedar Falls, though Saltpetre Cave is also worth a visit.
The hike into Lower Falls (there's also an Upper Falls) at Old Man's Cave is through a shallow canyon where oozing water has left curtains of dripping ice along layered sandstone walls. The falls, itself, is a larger, wider, 50-foot version of that, with an artful curtain of frozen spikes against a terra cotta backdrop.
The cave is named for a recluse who lived here under the wide cave's overhang during the 1800s. And the entire area's name comes from an old Shawnee word, "hockhocking," which loosely means broken ground from the eroded hills and ravines that cut this entire area and result in winding, dipping roads that go straight only when you reach one of the tiny towns dotting the landscape.
Ash cave, 700 feet wide, 100 feet deep, has a waterfall 90 feet high and occasionally, the freezing spray at the bottom and the frozen cascade from the top meet in the middle to form a tall frozen column. But more often, it's a spray that clouds the mound below in a sparkling mist.
And then, there was Saltpetre Cave, where we went with Shawnee Elder, Ron Hatten (his Shawnee name, Wehyehpihehrsehnhwah, means "Blue Jacket," for his blue eyes). The cave once was mined for potassium nitrate used for gunpowder. And in winter, the cave is low enough so its thin waterfall does, indeed, meet the spray cone on the floor to form a ropy, frozen column.
"You would be surprised how much Shawnee you already speak," Hatten told us. Many English words come from Shawnee. Whereupon he listed them: River is "sipi" and "grandfather river" for the largest river they knew is "mississippi." A nut that falls from a tree is "pecan." Sweet (for syrup) is "malasa" and "Great Lakes" is "michiga."
Between the eating and the hiking was the moonshine factory.
Yup, Doug Nutter's grandpappy made moonshine, as did just about everybody in this northern stretch of the Appalachians. As the story goes, in the late 1800s there was a mine strike. The disgruntled miners then lit the coal on fire and after the fires were mostly put out, they turned to liquor stills — some 300 of them hidden behind smoke in the still smoldering caves.
"We knew when the revenuers were coming," Doug said. "The local kids would go from house to house (think 'The Redcoats are coming!')" And, so, gallons of hooch went down the drain.
The end of Prohibition put a damper on all that but didn't end it entirely. Today, Doug's family has gone legit. There's an annual moonshine festival every Memorial Day weekend and now that they can give tastings, Doug expects double the 5,000 or so folks who normally show up.
On the other end of the spectrum was Rockmill Brewery, where Matthew Barbee makes gourmet beer, in 750 ml "cork and cage" bottles like fine wine and holds weekend tastings. He has his own private well where his sandstone-filtered water leads to a crisp, fresh, complex set of beers.
Matthew sprinkles his talk with comments on the "terroir" of his seven beers, a term usually associated with wine to show how it has the special taste of its local geography. And indeed, his beers are often something you might want to just sip before a crackling fire or pair with a $30-per-pound cheese.
So, of course, we rounded out our tour of Hocking Hills with a visit to Jo Eves' simple diner, The Ridge Inn, in Laurelville. Jo's claim to fame is her homemade donuts — light but not too light, sweet but not too sweet, covered with a simple glaze that lets the whole product melt in your mouth with just the right yeasty note.
In the end, do not expect to lose weight in Hocking Hills. But if you hike enough, maybe the gain won't be too devastating.


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text: 08/05/2009 (09:00PM - 10:00PM) (Wednesday) : INTERNATIONAL SUPERSTAR MARIAH CAREY PERFORMs in first results show WHERE FIRST 5 ACTS IN THE TOP 20 ARE REVEALED - The votes are in and five acts from the previous night move on to make up the top 20. Those acts will continue their pursuit of the million-dollar prize and will be one step closer to becoming the most talented person in America. International superstar Mariah Carey also performs. Nick Cannon hosts and David Hasselhoff, Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne also star as the celebrity panel of judges.


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Past performance would suggest this thread will be ignored by Scot. I guess that's fine. Maybe it's better than actually hearing what he thinks. Sometimes that's the case. There's no way of knowing. I can live with that. I've heard good things from those who have talked to him in person. I've never done that. Anyways, the forum will more than likely be here tomorrow, and with a bit of luck pcford will get banned once again.
While we're here, I'd like to make it known that my paint prep and finishing skills are mediocre at best. Orange Peel quality would be a fair assessment. I thought it best that I get out ahead of any rumors.


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Safety standards
Intrapartum care: interpretation of cardiotocograph traces
This table can be used to define and interpret cardiotocograph traces and to guide the management of the labour for women who are having continuous cardiotocography.
Jump to navigation
Safety standards
This table can be used to define and interpret cardiotocograph traces and to guide the management of the labour for women who are having continuous cardiotocography.
Other tools and resources
Chapter ten of this guidance for the care of healthy women and babies during childbirth outlines recommendations for the monitoring of healthy patients intrapartum.
Other tools and resources
This article deals with those monitoring techniques that are used immediately preceding or during childbirth - known as intrapartum fetal monitoring. It looks at criticisms of the routine use of electronic fetal monitoring, who should have monitoring, fetal blood sampling, and potential future developments in this field.
Other tools and resources
No evidence linking cardiotocography and mobile phone use was identified using the standard clinical query protocol. Additional searching identified advice from the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency on the use of mobile phones in hospitals.
Academic papers
A Cochrane review of antenatal cardiotocography for fetal assessment found no clear evidence that antenatal CTG improves perinatal outcome.
Improvement reports
In 2010, a group of supervisors of midwives from NHS Forth Valley identified current themes of misinterpretation of cardiotocography (CTG) and poor documentation through a process of investigation and case note review. It was decided that a robust and innovative practice known as a 'buddy system' would be introduced. This reduces adverse outcomes and enables effective professional learning.


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May 13, 2009
WORCESTER, Mass. - MIT Lightweight Men's Crew finished its season at the EARC Sprints this weekend on an up note. The Engineers took three boats to the Sprints and came away with all crews showing positive results in very tight racing.
Starting the day, the men's lightweight four took first place in a three boat Grand Final over Yale and Dartmouth. These three crews faced off during the regular season with the Engineers prevailing over the Big Green and Elis then as well.
The Freshmen Eight finished fourth in the Petite Final in a thriller. Columbia took control of the race at the 700 meter mark with MIT, Navy and Pennsylvania within a deck of one another for the last 800 meters. At the tape Navy crossed the line ahead of Penn and MIT in a time of 6:31.914 with Penn next just .25 seconds back and MIT a mere .697 seconds behind Penn. Just the week prior, MIT was felled by the Quakers by nearly 3 seconds.
The Varsity final was the last race of the day. It would be a rematch for MIT facing Columbia, Pennsylvania and Dartmouth in the Petite Final. In previous meetings, MIT fell just short of prevailing over the Big Green and Columbia and faced a 5 second deficit from the week's previous meeting with Penn. As the crews crossed the 1000 meter mark, Columbia established a boat length lead while Dartmouth, Penn and MIT battled. MIT finished just 1.1 seconds behind Dartmouth and 3.0 seconds behind Penn in an exciting finish.


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Airport Limo, Taxi and Shuttle Service to ALL Major GTA Airports!
YYZ Airport Limo and Taxi Service provides airport limo service to Richmond Hill residents requiring reliable, professional limousine service. Uur uniformed and professional drivers will ensure you arrive at your destination on time. We service Toronto Pearson International Airport, Toronto Island (Billy Bishop), Hamilton International Airport, Buttonville and Buffalo International Airport. We will pick you up from your Richmond Hill residence at a pre-scheduled time to ensure that you arrive at your destination ahead of schedule with plenty of time to spare. If you're heading to the airport our professional drivers will pick you up from Richmond Hill and drop you off at Departures in style! We pride ourselves on reliable airport taxi and shuttle service and aim to ensure all clients are always happy.
Call YYZ Airport Limousine at 647-781-6786 and we'll get you from Richmond Hill to your destination and back home again in safety and style. Alternately you can contact us easily by using the contact form here.
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Lucia Vanilla Sky
Product Description
Lucia Vanilla Sky countertop material is ideal for kitchens and bathroom countertops. This product is in limited supply and may not be in-stock when you visit our showroom. Please check availability with your salesperson. We design, deliver and install custom kitchen countertops, bathroom vanities in a 100 mile radius of Plain City and Columbus Ohio. Call for a free estimate.
Distinctive Marble & Granite
7635 Commerce Pl Plain City, OH, 43064
(614) 760-0003


text:
Investor Overview
Q4 2013 Earnings Release
With approximately $10 billion in assets, MB Financial, Inc. (NASDAQ: MBFI) has grown substantially over the past several years. We are the Chicago-based holding company for MB Financial Bank in Chicago. We have a proud tradition of providing relationship-driven financial solutions to privately-held, middle-market businesses as well as to small businesses and individuals who work and live in the communities we serve.
We work hard to create the right blend of products and services to...More >>
Latest Financial Releases
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Upcoming Events
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Replication or redistribution of EDGAR Online, Inc. content is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of EDGAR Online, Inc. EDGAR Online, Inc. shall not be liable for any errors or delays in the content, or for any actions taken in reliance thereon.


text:
As the recognized leader for special education professional standards, CEC develops standards, ethics and practices and guidelines to ensure that individuals with exceptionalities have access to well-prepared, career-oriented special educators.
Through the vision and dedication of more than 22,000 members, CEC sets the standard for high quality education for children and youth with exceptionalities. And, CEC is known as THE source for information, resources and professional development for special educators.
Join as a new member
Renew your membership
You'll find professional development offerings to meet the needs of all special educators – including those of you who are time-crunched, cost-conscious or in need of CEUs in order to meet state obligations. Please join us and invite others to engage the potential!
CEC publishes and distributes products designed to help practitioners work more effectively in the classroom. Learn more about CEC's publications and journals.
Special Education Topics includes information about the different exceptionality areas; international special education; hot topics in special education; and professional practice topics such as assessment, evidence-based practices and inclusion.
We want to flood Capitol Hill with messages telling Congress to stop cuts to special education programs. Make your voice heard by sending a letter to your members of Congress and make our voices heard!
Check out this one-pager.
Sample Tweets
I told my members of Congress to stop education cuts - you should too! Help CEC tell Congress #jobsnotcuts : http://bit.ly/ThmJ9v
Make your voice heard! Tell Congress to stop cuts to education today! http://bit.ly/ThmJ9v #NDDUnited
Education isn't the only program the govt plans to cut – Tell Congress to save programs that help our kids. http://bit.ly/ThmJ9v #NDDUnited
Post Your Own: Sample Facebook Post
Help CEC save special education. Schools and teachers across the country are already struggling with lack of funds. Sequestration's across the board cuts certainly won't help. Make your voice heard and join with others to tell Congress to stop cuts to special education. Send a letter with CEC's Legislative Action Center to make the voice of our community heard on the Hill TODAY!
We've put some sample text together for you, which you can send to all the local media outlets in our area through CEC's Legislative Action Center.
Just personalize the text by adding some data about your school district or state. Make sure to include the names of your Senators and/or Representative before sending it in, to make it more likely that your members of Congress will see it. Please personalize and send this in! And if it is published let us know so we can publicize it to all of CEC!


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Katherine also shows the last name of Helm. First husband was Nicholas Goetzelmann (Getzelman).
Contributed on 10/25/11
Record #: 137848
Thank you for visiting the Ohio Gravestone Photo Project. On this site you can upload gravestone photos, locate ancestors and perform genealogy research. If you have a relative buried in Ohio, we encourage you to upload a digital image using our Submit a Photo page. Contributing to this genealogy archive helps family historians and genealogy researchers locate their relatives and complete their family tree.
Submitted: 10/25/11 • Approved: 10/26/11 • Last Updated: 8/13/15 • R137848-G137847-S3


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From Fedora Project Wiki
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|This Wiki in Other Languages:
|Brazilian Portuguese | Italian | French
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|Fedora is a Linux-based operating system that showcases the latest in free and open source software. Fedora is always free for anyone to use, modify, and distribute. It is built by people across the globe who work together as a community: the Fedora Project. The Fedora Project is open and anyone is welcome to join. The Fedora Project is out front for you, leading the advancement of free, open software and content.
|NOTE: We are working on licensing the content of this wiki under the terms of the Open Publication License 1.0 without options. If you were previously a member of our EditGroup, and have not completed the Contributor License Agreement in the Fedora Account System , you will need to do so to continue editing this wiki.
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We have made some more adjustments to and removed some more inactive users so please let us know if you are having any problems
Hello Folks - we are cleaning out many of the "bot" users from the past few years. We tried to keep up with moderation but it was just too much. Now we have the question and answer which for the most part has helped a lot! But there are still many users from before that are in the system. So, if you were a user and have never posted there is a chance your user may get deleted. If that is the case please just re-register and you will be presented with some questions and answers through the registration process that should be easy to answer. We apologize for any inconvenience but we need to get rid of a the these "junk" users and in the process its very likely some legitimate good people might have to re-register.
If you have posted in the past then you can ignore this. This would only apply to users that have never posted.
We have made some more adjustments to and removed some more inactive users so please let us know if you are having any problems
No issues on my end but you have another that got through.
although I have not been on since 2008 I would like to keep my account.
nice to see t has been updated.
I will be here more often now.
thanks, Dave
There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)


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Pretty interning idea. From their website...
Disc Beeper is an electronic device that is centrally placed underneath a Disc or Frisbee that allows players to easily find their Disc or Frisbee especially during the sport "Disc Golf."
This device only weighs 6 grams and shows absolutely no noticeable effect on disc flight.
Disc Beeper also has a waterproof design. It has 3 distinct modes that allows up to 3 players to play at once. Disc Beeper has a push-button to turn it on requiring 550 grams of force to engage. Once the Disc Beeper is turned on, there is a 45 second delay to allow launch and attempted retrieval, allowing the user to throw it and will beep every 3 seconds until you turn it off.
Disc Beeper is rechargeable via included micro usb cord. It holds up to 7-8 hours under 1 charge of 1 hour.
This post is for information only. Product not available in stores or proshop.
(thanks to Ian Funston for the lead)


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Just got up on the grid and am now bringing you useful information, news and rumors from Blackjack Fairground.
I'm originally from Jericho. Go by the name of Oliver, some refer to me as Old Man Oliver. Left Jericho, when Gray Anderson, was elected mayor. I didn't always get along with Johnston Green, but at least he could stand up to the ASA!
I got out of Jericho and ended up at Blackjack. Got an old computer running and am now reaching out to folks around Blackjack. Will send out the news when I got something to report.
Today at Blackjack
Food Court Special: rabbit stew - very tasty.
Green Items In Stock for Trading: Salt, Iodine, Sulfur
Save Passage Trips for Sale To:
Nearest Blue Line Checkpoint
ASA New Mexico Refugee Center
No Guns
Thieves will be strung up
Buyer Beware
Shep - please come home to Jericho. Your family needs you.
Big strong men needed at Gracie's Market in Jericho. Ask for Dale.
When Freedom is threatened where will you be?
The ASA Needs You
Enlist Today at your local J & R Office.
Johnston Green was sighted at the Blue Line Checkpoint. Rumor has it that Johnston was killed at the Richmond Farm during the Jericho vs. New Bern war. Anyone having information about Johnston Green come talk to Oliver at Blackjack Fairground.
Tuesday, May 24, 2011
Welcome to Blackjack
Posted by Krzy Kitty at 3:26 PM
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text:
The Office of the Chief Communications Officer manages the USPTO's public affairs function and coordinates a wide variety of internal and external communications.
Press and media relations
The office facilitates media interviews with senior agency officials and writes and distributes press releases and media advisories. It also ensures broad distribution of up-to-date and accurate information about the USPTO and intellectual property protection by proactively pitching news stories, profiles, and opinion editorial pieces to media outlets through the country and through common social media channels.
To receive news and updates by email from the USPTO, visit our Subscription Center.
For all media inquiries, contact the Office of the Chief Communications Officer main phone line at 571-272-8400.
Special events
The office produces special events and ceremonies that celebrate milestones and accomplishments at the USPTO.
The office is also responsible for the production of USPTO publications and works closely with the Chief Financial Officer on the annual Performance and Accountability Report.
All requests for photos related to the USPTO are to be referred to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Under the supervision of the office, The National Inventors Hall of Fame manages the USPTO museum and store. Visit the Gallery of Icons and use interactive kiosks to learn about the world's greatest patented innovations and the women and men who invented them.
The National Inventors Hall of Fame
The office works closely with the National Inventors Hall of Fame on a number of educational outreach and inventor recognition programs. These include Camp Invention, the Collegiate Inventors Competition, and the annual induction ceremony. To learn more about these programs visit the National Inventors Hall of Fame website.


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Feel free to give us a call and we will be happy to assist you with any questions or concerns.
Tell us what you think
Operations Phone: 505.827.3614Operations Fax: 505.827.3611Corporations Phone: 505.827.4508Corporations Fax: 505.827.4387
Phone: 505.827.3600Fax: 505.827.8403Toll Free: 1.800.477.3632
8:00 AM to 5:00 PMMonday through Friday
For information in Spanish, about apostilles and certificate, click here.
Para obtener informacion sobre apostillas y certificados en Espanol, haga clic aqui.
The Office of the Secretary of State is the only office in New Mexico authorized to issue a certification, or apostille, for a notarized document going to a foreign country. This office also issues certifications and apostilles for other public documents issued by government agencies, including those issued by County Clerks and the New Mexico State Registrar of Vital Records. Apostilles are accepted by those countries that are members of the Hague Conference of October 1961 on Private International Law (Convention #12). A listing of the member countries of the Hague Conference (Convention #12) is available at the Hague Conference's website or by contacting our office.
An apostille is attached to a notarized original document or a certified recorded instrument. For documents that are notarized, the apostille verifies that the person who notarized the document was appointed to a notary public commission in New Mexico at the time of the notarization. For certified recorded instruments issued by government agencies, the apostille verifies that the person who certified the document was an appointed or elected official in New Mexico at the time of the certification. Examples of public documents include birth certificates, death certificates, marriage licenses, divorce decrees, and school transcripts. If you should need a certified copy of your divorce decree, contact your District Court Clerk at www.nmcourts.gov in the district where your divorce was filed. For a certified copy of your marriage license, contact the County Clerk listed at the County Clerks page where you applied for your marriage license.
Notarized documents going to foreign countries that are not party to the Hague Convention receive a certificate of appointment. A certificate of appointment also certifies that the individual who performed the notarization was appointed to a notary public commission at the time of the notarization.
The statutory fee for a certificate of appointment or an apostille is $3.00 per document. Checks and money orders should be made payable to: "Secretary of State." You may request an apostille or certificate in person or by mail. Requests are processed daily. Our office is located at the New Mexico State Capitol North, 325 Don Gaspar, Suite 300, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501. Our hours are 8:00 AM-5:00 PM MST, Monday-Friday. Please mail the original document(s) and request letter.
Please call the Office of the Secretary of State, 1-800-477-3632, if you have further questions regarding authentications.
© 2012 - 2019 New Mexico Secretary of State


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Today I am gonna share my latest super tasty dessert. This recipe was given to my by a very dear friend (Thanks Cynthia!), and I absolutely fell in love with it! So on to the recipe...
Oatmeal Cake
1 1/2 c. boiling water
1 c. rolled oats (either regular or quick oats)
1 c. brown sugar, packed
1 c. sugar
1/2 c. oil
1 1/2 c. flour
1 tsp cinnamon
1 tsp. baking soda
1/2 tsp. salt
Preheat the oven to 350^. Grease and flour a 9 X 9 pan (must use a square pan- a rectangle will cook unevenly...). Combine water, and oats in a small bowl and set aside. In a large bowl, combine sugars and oil. Mix well. In another small bowl, combine remaining ingredients w/whisk and add to wet ingredients. Add oats and stir well. Put in pan and wrap pan on counter to remove bubbles. Bake for 35-40 minutes.
1 stick (1/2 c.)butter or margarine
1 c. brown sugar, packed
1/2 c. milk
1 c. flake coconut
1 tsp. vanilla extract
15 minutes before cake is done, start making topping. Combine the butter, sugar, and milk in a sauce pan. Boil for 5 minutes. Add coconut and vanilla. Prick warm cake with a fork and pour topping over cake. Let it cool and serve warm.
Seriously- this cake is so moist and so tasty and so very very good! It tastes very similar to the frosting on a german chocolate cake, but without the nuts (which is good, cause I am allergic to the nuts). It is FANTASTIC! In the words of Yo Gabba Gabba- "Try it! You'll like it! Try it! You're gonna like it!"
Friday, January 30, 2009
Food for "thought" Friday
Today I am gonna share my latest super tasty dessert. This recipe was given to my by a very dear friend (Thanks Cynthia!), and I absolutely fell in love with it! So on to the recipe...
Posted by Pam at 2:41 PM 1 comments
Thursday, January 29, 2009
A pledget of legions
Lilia is currently learning the pledge of allegiance. And can I just tell you how precious it is? I am pretty proud of her for how well she knows it so far. And this is exactly how she pronounces the whole thing...
"A pledget of legions"
I pledge a league-ence to the flag
Of the knighted states of America
And to the republic of which it forstands
One nation under God
With liberty and justance for all.
You may be sing-ed. (You may be seated)
Isn't that just AWESOME?! I love my girl so much!
Posted by Pam at 7:34 PM 2 comments
Friday, January 23, 2009
Food for "thought" Friday
Seeing as how I have one missing tooth from the surgery last week, and now have ANOTHER tooth causing problems (thank goodness for pain pills!) I figure I will post a nice smoothie recipe for today...
Orange Julius
1 6 oz can orange juice concentrate frozen
2 Tbs sugar
1 tsp vanilla
1 ½ cups milk
¾ cup water
Ice cubes
Combine everything in blender and blend til smooth.
Posted by Pam at 2:52 PM 4 comments
Thursday, January 22, 2009
Picture Blog... catch up time
Lacey's Shenanigans...
(This outfit is- in order- short sleeved shirt, long sleeved shirt, sweater, dress, dress. ALL Lilia's)
(And underneath all those clothes!)
(Not quite ready to wake up from her nap yet... Dad's armpit makes a good dark spot)
("Must put on shoes so I don't hurt my feet when I run nekid down the street!")
(Check out that bowhawk! For those not "in the know" bowhawk is the remnants of a ponytail/bow in the hair.)
(That would be butter)
(And her body is one of her favorite places to color)
Lilia's rash came back...
Lilia's cute little face when she is sick...
And the schoolwork she came home with...
(Pop... Person... P-- does that say... um, yeah- it does... and the picture? Wow. Boy does my kid know her P-words!)
And last but not least... FrankenPam!
Okay- so I had to get tested for one more allergy. Titanium. Why? Cause I was getting a titanium rod put in my mouth and they wanted to double check that I wasn't allergic. So the oral surgeon gave me a free option as opposed to the much more expensive test I would have had to take through an allergy specialist... He gave me one of the Titanium rods to tape to my skin! So I taped that rod to my neck. But here's the kicker. That rod looks amazingly like a bolt- complete with threaded outer surface. So for a little over 24 hours I walked around with a bolt sticking out of my neck! Hence the name: FrankenPam...)
Posted by Pam at 8:17 PM 3 comments
Saturday, January 17, 2009
Food for "thought" Friday (or Saturday)
I found this recipe on someone's blog... don't remember who- can't find it again, but it is SO GOOD! AND- they last forever.
Homemade Big Hunks
1 larger bottle Planters Dry Roasted Peanuts (lightly salted)
3 smaller jars Kraft Marshmallow Cream
2 1/4 cups light corn syrup
2 1/4 cups sugar
1 1/2 tsp vanilla
6 Tbsp butter, melted
1/4 tsp salt
Butter a large cookie sheet. Scatter peanuts equally on cookie sheet. Place marshmallow cream in a LARGE bowl, set aside. In a large saucepan, combine corn syrup and sugar. Place over high heat. Stir constantly with a wooden spoon until mixture comes to a boil. Clip on candy thermometer. Cook to 280 degrees F, or to soft crack stage. Remover from heat and let stand 2 minutes undisturbed. Without scraping, pour entire batch into marshmallow cream and stir with a wooden spoon until smooth. Add butter, vanilla, and salt and stir with wooden spoon until butter in incorporated. Pour into prepared pan and spread evenly across peanuts. Allow to stand at room temperature until firm, about 3 hours. Cut and wrap in wax paper.
Posted by Pam at 8:30 AM 3 comments
Thursday, January 15, 2009
Amazing feedback... so here's the encore.
So in the LDS church, we don't have a preacher/priest who gives us a sermon each week. The way it is run is a bit different. Each Sunday we have speakers. Those speakers are most often just other members of our congregation. (I promise I am going somewhere with this) A member of the bishopric (the leaders of each small congregation) will call on 2-3 people each week to speak on a set topic. We are almost always given about a week to prepare. Most LDS members will be asked to speak many times throughout their lives, and most of those talks are between 5 and 20 minutes long. (Stay with me!) We start this process at the youthful age of 3 with our children. Last year, Lilia gave her first talk. Joe wrote it, and I helped her give it. It was about 30 seconds long and it was great. WELL- a few months ago Joe and I were asked to speak. (Oh the horror!) We were given a very (VERY) broad range of topics. Instead of asking us to speak on Faith, or Charity, or any other number of topics they asked us to speak on anything that President Gordon B Hinckley had spoken on. Now to give you an idea here, President Hinckley was the Prophet and President of the LDS Church for almost 13 years. Before that he was a member of the first presidency for 14 years, and before that he was an apostle in the Quorum of the 12 (like in biblical times) for 12 years. All together that is 47 years of speaking in conferences, meetings, publishing articles in church magazines, and writing books. As I am sure you can imagine there are probably not a whole lot of topics that this incredible man hasn't covered!
Well it has now been almost 3 months since we gave our talks and I am STILL getting positive feedback for what I spoke on! Talk about a great feeling! My talk was on Family Finances. Basically, I just told the story of what Joe and I have done with our money.
Today I read a blog posted by someone on how they save money grocery shopping and they asked for feedback on how others save money. Which prompted me to think about it some and I decided I would put it out here for all the world to see... I am not gonna post numbers, but I am gonna give you the basic gyst of how Joe and I are working our finances at this time. Now to be fair, I am no guru. AND I am also not perfect (heaven knows!)... But this process that Joe and I are using has been pretty helpful to us, and successful for us. So- for any of you mild risk takers out there- this blog is for you!
For the most part I am gonna cut and paste parts of the talk I gave. Adding tidbits and current changes here and there....
I am a HUGE fan of budgets. I guess you could call it a quirk. I actually enjoy doing the finances and tweaking the numbers until I come up with a good budget for us. There are many ways to set up a budget. A good friend of mine uses a cash method. She has a purse that has pockets sewn all over the inside. Each pocket is a section of her budget. Groceries, Utilities, Dining Out, Family Entertainment, etc. Each month she pulls from her checking account the money allotted for her budget. She then divvies it up and puts her budgeted amounts in each pocket. Once the money is gone. It's gone. There have been times where it has been necessary to borrow from a less necessary pocket the money needed to pay a larger than usual bill, or to take money from Family Entertainment to pay for a pricey dinner, but as long as she doesn't remove anymore money from her account she stays within her budget. Now this method works well, but it may not be right for you. For Joe and I we use Quicken on our computer. Quicken will make a suggested budget for us based on our regular spending habits. It is a good way to see where we spend most of our money! It is also a good way to see where your financial weaknesses lie. For Joe and I, it is definitely eating out. We LIKE to eat out. A LOT! We also tend to spend a decent chunk of money on Groceries… what can we say? We like food! Anyway- I use the suggested budget quicken sets up for me and I make almost every category a bit more uncomfortable. If it suggests a budget of 100 for a category, I cut it back to 85. And so on. By doing this I am trying to spend less than the year before. I am trying to make excess from a budget that last year seemed tight. Now this doesn't always work, but I tweak the numbers for a month or more before I finally have us in a reachable budget that is tough, but not impossible. One of the categories I think is an absolute MUST? Fun Money. It's our allowance for lack of a better term. Money Joe and I take from the budget that we don't need to explain, or get the okay from our spouse. We can use it wherever we want (Joe's is usually used to buy himself lunches out at work, mine is mostly book purchases…).
Joe and I have found that our Fun Money has given us the freedom of being frivolous without going over board. I want a new, and very unnecessary pair of shoes? I save up until I have enough personal money to buy it. Joe wants a better, newer, nicer, more fun cell phone? He saves up until he can buy it outright.
Another part of our budget that is important to us is savings. The hardest part for us when we were newlyweds was to take the time to transfer money from our checking into a savings account- the saddest part about that? I worked at the bank! But it still never got done! So- we got smart. The bank I worked for allowed me to split my paychecks through direct deposit. I had a small portion of each paycheck directly deposited into savings! It worked like a charm. You don't miss money that never hits your checking account right? If your job doesn't offer that luxury, another way around it is to see if your bank offers a CD or Investment account that will automatically withdraw money from your checking account each month. Once again, hard to miss money you never touch… And it's amazing how fast it can add up! Just setting aside a small amount each month and it just sits and grows and grows until you look a couple years down the road and find you saved up enough for the down payment on a newer car! Or to pay for a semester of college, or maybe to help pay for your child's wedding…
Also, another trick Joe and I use? We got ourselves a Discover Card. Now this card is not used to buy things on credit. We ONLY use it to buy our gas (as in fuel). This specific card gives us 5% cash back bonuses on gas! That 5% cash back sits in a separate account until we request it. We can then cash it in for money, or gift certificates to any number of stores. And that is our Christmas money. We get a nice chunk of money sent to us each November to help pay for gifts, and to earn that money we didn't do anything more than use a different card at the gas pump and then pay off the card each month as though it were a bill.
Joe and I used to teach the Marriage and Family Relations classes at church. One of the lessons we loved to teach was on Finances. It suggest a way to reduce debt that Joe and I are using. We tweaked it a bit to fit our circumstances, but the main gyst of it is to use a snowball effect to payoff debt faster. Lets say you have 5 debts. Those debts total 500 a month in payments (for the ease of explaining this, lets say each debt has a 100 payment). The smallest debt is paid off after only two payments, and thus frees up 100 dollars of that monthly debt! Now instead of spending that 100 dollars elsewhere, you take it and apply it to the 4 remaining debts. By adding an additional 100 dollars to the next smallest debt you pay it off twice as fast! When the second debt is paid off, you then take those 200 dollars you were paying and apply it to the next smallest debt, paying it off three times as fast! I am sure you can see where this ends up. By not spending any more money that you are currently paying, you end up paying off your debts much faster. Granted it is an idealistic situation suggesting that no more debt comes your way, but just keep applying this plan and it will keep working for you.
The last thing Joe and I have started doing is kinda hard to explain but I will do my best... Everything we are doing seems so BACKWARDS for saving money, but it is working SO WELL for us! This is where the risk fits in. Joe's boss told Joe of a way to pay down his house faster that intrigued us, and so we took his idea, tweaked it a bit, and put it to work for us. What this will require is a Home Equity Credit Line (HECL) and a credit card. Yeah- two huge pieces of debt! But hear me out. We went to our bank and had them refinance our mortgage and throw a chunk of the mortgage into a HECL for us. This HECL is attached to our checking account. So basically, if we want to frame in our basement, instead of going to the bank and requesting a check from our HECL, we can write the check from our regular checking account and it will pull the money from our HECL, put it in the checking, then clear the check! (You with me so far?) Well- because it was set up on our checking account, if we ever go overdraft in our account, it will pull the money from the HECL to cover it. We then started depositing Joe's paychecks directly into the HECL and NOT our checking account. The next step was to find a credit card with some bonus something or another (doesn't really matter what- if you like to travel get a card that gives you points toward flights, if you like to shop get a cash back card, etc.) We then make ALL our daily purchases with that card. At the end of the month we pay the WHOLE balance off in full. So for ease and convenience and to explain better the benefits of what we are doing, I will throw some fake #'s out there.
Bob has a HECL holding 10,000 of his mortgage on it. He gets paid 1000 twice a month (so that 2000 a month) He puts his paychecks on the HECL paying it down to 9000 for the first half of the month than 8000 for the second half of the month. One of those deposits count as him monthly payment, so he never needs worry about coming up with the minimum payment due. All the while, with that money sitting there he is paying LESS interest on it because he is paying such LARGE chunks at a time. If his minimum payment is 100, he is paying an extra 1900 a month in Principle! Thats not bad! BUT- Bob's gotta live right? So he has a budget each month of 1500. He is good at staying within his budget. He has a few auto pay bills totaling 500 that come through his checking account (and get pulled from the HECL), but for almost everything else he uses his Capitol One card. He eats out, he grocery shops, he goes to the movies. It all goes on his Capitol One card. He racks up a bill of 1000. When that bill comes due, he pays it off in full with one check from his checking account. Which pulls the money from the HECL. Because he is paying it off in full each month, he is never charged interest from Capitol One. So as a breakdown this is what it looks like:
10,000 bal.
1,000 deposit leaving 9,015 balance (gotta pay some interest)
ANOTHER 1,000 deposit leaving 8,030 (more interest)
Withdrawl of 1500 to pay monthly expenditures leaving a balance of 9,530.
That means overall for the month he paid down his HECL by 470.00 That may not seem like much to you, but if you consider that he is still paying his mortgage as well, that is a significant chunk to pay down. The savings comes in by having interest work for you. Instead of having his excess sitting in his checking account it is sitting on his debt leaving him with less money to pay interest on. It is a pretty obvious fact that the smaller the debt, the smaller the interest (not the smaller the RATE- just the smaller the AMOUNT of interest paid). So- by letting his paycheck sit untouched on his HECL all month he is paying interest on a chunk that is 2000 smaller than the amount he would be paying on if it were in a checking account. Does that make sense?
The tricky part here is that if you can't stay within a budget, this plan is not for you. If you frequently spend more or the same amount as you earn, this plan won't work- at least not as effectively. Now the REASON this is risky. Right now interest rates are low. REALLY LOW. Our mortgage from a few years ago is higher than rates are now by about 2-3%. Well- a HECL doesn't have a fixed rate. So we are risking the idea of the rate jumping higher than our current mortgage rate. Our rate changes monthly. As prime raises, so does our rate. So it is very likely that eventually we will have a higher interest rate than our mortgage, but we will still plug along because we can see the bigger picture and eventually those rates will drop again.
If this last part just totally confuses you, go ahead and ignore it. Or email me. Or call me. I don't mind explaining (or trying to explain) again.
ANYWAY- I know this is long, and if you read to this point, KUDOS FOR YOU! You are awesome! But if you don't read this far, I still love you! I would love to know YOUR tricks for saving money. Even little stuff. Bring it on!
Posted by Pam at 8:45 PM 4 comments
Wednesday, January 14, 2009
Joe is so good to me!
Yesterday I had a minor oral surgery. It was not what I would call a good day by any means. After the surgery, I spent the rest of the day in need of help walking from one place to the other (the meds they gave me left me feeling kinda loopy and HEAVY like I was underwater). To top it off the pain pills they gave me made me pretty sick. And through it all Joe was so GREAT to me. He pretty much allowed me to sleep off most of the effects, and when I wasn't sleeping he was getting me some soup or a drink or holding my hair for me when my stomach decided it wasn't gonna let me keep that soup down... All in all, he was pretty great. He was so busy taking care of me and the girls that he didn't get to eat dinner for himself until after 9pm.
I am pretty darn lucky to have such a great husband! And for that matter, I have a pretty awesome mom too... she not only watched the girls while I was in surgery, she made me a batch of soup as well.
Posted by Pam at 8:45 AM 2 comments
Sunday, January 11, 2009
and again...
I give up! Lilia has the flu again. Poor kid is running a fever and just feels crummy all over. What an odd time to get another domestic kick, huh? Yet here I sit surrounded by homemade Big Hunk candy, and Blackberry Lemon Buttermilk Cookies. Can we say YUM? And I am wanting to try a new twist on some classic white cupcakes too... better wait for the candy and cookies to disappear, huh?
Sorry for that bit of randomness... Just tired of being home with sick kids I guess. :) Hope you are all doing well!
Posted by Pam at 7:47 PM 4 comments
Friday, January 9, 2009
Food for "thought" Friday
As this was pointed out to me, this recipe is completely Bourbon free... I am guessing there is some famous restaurant on Bourbon Street (if I were to guess I would say down south) somewhere that served this dish... needless to say it is so easy and SO GOOD! Lil has named it Apple Chicken since it has apple juice and apple cider vinegar in it. ANYWAY- here is my contribution to FFTF... Enjoy it Heidi!
Bourbon Street Chicken
2 lb boneless skinless chicken breasts
2 Tbs. oil (for frying)
4 Tbs. cornstarch
1 garlic clove (minced)
1/4 teaspoon ginger
1/2 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes (optional)
1/4 cup apple juice
1/3 cup light brown sugar
2 tablespoon ketchup
1 tablespoon apple cider vinegar
1/2 cup water
1/3 cup soy sauce
Cut chicken breasts into bite-sized pieces, and lightly dust with cornstarch. I used a gallon ziplock baggie. Just toss chicken and cornstarch together. Heat oil in your wok or frying pan and fry chicken until lightly browned. Drain on paper towels and set aside.
In a separate bowl combine all sauce ingredients (I chose to NOT add the red pepper flakes since my kids are anti-spice... Oh who am I kidding- I don't like spice either). Pour into wok or frying pan and bring to a boil. Add chicken back to the pan, reduce the heat and simmer for 10 minutes.
Serve over rice!
Posted by Pam at 11:45 AM 4 comments
Thursday, January 1, 2009
Again, and again, aaaaannnnd again!
I know I posted earlier about the sickness that has hit my family this Christmas season. As a mini itty bitty recap of my week (or so):
Dec 22: Joe is sick and throws up some (thought to be food poisoning)
Dec 23: Nothin'
Dec 24: Lil wets the bed and announces the need to throw up, but never does
Dec 25: Lil throws up in the AM Lacey and Dad in the PM
Dec 26: Lacey continues cookie tossing but only once. By night time we feel everyone is on their way back to healthy- oh how wrong we were!
Dec 27: Joe and I return from our Anniversary over nighter to Lacey tossing more cookies.
Dec 28: All is well or so we think- no throwing up... until naptime, when Lacey does. Again.
Dec 29: I feel nauseous after dinner, but never toss cookies
Dec 30: Same thing- after dinner ickyness, no cookie tossing
Dec 31: All is well until we are in the car about to go to the Nicklecade and spend some family time wasting money! Then Lil decides to throw up about 20 minutes from home. :S Talk about a fun drive back!
Which brings us to today... nothing yet. I no longer feel queasy and all is well- and before you ask- nope... NOT pregnant, Thank you very much.
I am SO bleaching the whole house today! (Already changed all the bedding this morning... now on to bleaching the floors, doors, knobs, cabinets, counters, etc. Wish me luck that no one else gets sick!
Posted by Pam at 8:10 AM 3 comments


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Name: Troy
Gender: Male
My girlfriend and I have been together for over 2 years. She sometimes has experienced that her clit gets sore after we mess around. She also felt some pain when we have sex not right away but late on almost like a muscle soreness. She has had regular gyno visits with no problems. I am wondering if I could be too big for her. Do we need to increase the amount of lube we are using? Is there a limited number of times we should have sex in a weekend?
Thank You
What kind a messin' around are you doin' there, darlin'?
So let me get this straight, your GF sees her "gyno" on a regular basis and there's no discernible problem in pussyville. That's a good thing. But after she hooks up with you for a little slap and tickle her clit is very tender and she reports muscle soreness afterward as well.
Hmmm, I'm gonna go way out on a limb here and speculate you puppies are kinda new to the whole fuckin' thing, right?
Let's see, are you actively involved with her clit with your hands or mouth, or is this post-fuck tenderness simply collateral damage of you pounding away with wild abandon? I mean do you even know your way around down there? Or are you just one of those drop trow' and commence the assault kinda guys? The fact that you don't even know if you are using enough lube leads me to believe that you've got lots to learn.
Ya see the reason I say this is, for the most part, most youngens, and a lot of not so young people, don't often take the time to familiarize themselves with the parts of their partners before sex. I mean there may be a lot of athletic bumping around and all, but that doesn't necessarily mean ya'll know what the fuck you're doing.
And here's another disturbing trend. A lot of young men are unfortunately picking up some of their sexual social skills, if you can call them that, from watching porn. And that, my friend, is never a good thing. Young women, on the other hand, often remain too embarrassed or uninformed themselves about their own parts to invite even a steady BF to stop for a moment and get to know their own personal cooch. Each woman is unique, ya know.
So you see how all of this lack of familiarity and perhaps even misinformation can cause loads of problems for novice fucksters. But the solution is very simple indeed — all you have to do is know yourself and know your partner.
One thing for sure, if you are swinging as big a pipe as you lead me to believe, it's incumbent upon you to know how to handle that thang when foolin' around with a delicate flower that is a woman's muff. I suggest you have a nice long talk with your GF real soon. Make it a non-seductive, nonsexual conversation. Ask her to show you around "the promised land". Have her point out all the really exciting points of interest…and there are a whole lot of 'em. You'll be amazed. If you think your dick is talented. Let me tell ya pal, it pails in comparison to a vulva.
Besides, this little exercise will give you loads of brownie points with the GF. You'll also be a vastly more informed about pussy in general and therefore a much better lover. It'll be exactly like playing doctor, only completely different.
Let me walk you through an actual structured exercise I have some of my clients, with similar problems as you guys, work on. It's called a sexological exam. Ya see I never assume that a woman is familiar with her own genitals, let alone having her partner know what's up down there. So I have my couples work together on this exercise. By the way, a woman can do it alone (a self-sexological exam) or she can work with a partner.
Think about it, this is a perfect way for you guys to learn about your own and one another's naughty bits, as well as getting a handle on your sexual response cycles.
Here's how it works. Your GF will hold a hand-held mirror between her legs. Have her point out her clit, vulva, vagina, both sets of vaginal lips, urethra, and if you have a speculum handy, you guys can check out her cervix. Next, probe her vagina, by inserting one of your fingers. Remember this is not a come-on for sex, this is an exercise to gather important information about how thing look and work down there. Don't forget the lube!
With your finger in her vagina, ask her to flex her PC muscle. If you guys don't know what that is you have some remedial work a head of you. To find all the posting I've made about the amazing PC muscles use the search function in the header, type in and Kegel exercises, and PRESTO!
What you guys will be looking for in this part of the exercise is your GF ability to identify and control her vaginal muscles.
Next comes a detailed touch test. I want you to stroke very square inch of your GF from her asshole to her navel, including her upper thighs. You are gonna be testing for and acquainting yourself with her sensitivity. I suggested your GF use a 0-5 point scale to represent the levels of sensitivity — 5 being the hottest, most sensitive and most pleasurable areas and 0 being the more neutral areas. Be sure to use all the numbers in-between. I encourage you guys to try this exercise with both a wet hand and a dry hand.
Next it's your turn to submit your body to your GF's scrutiny. With the hand-held mirror between your legs point out your prepuce (if you go one), frenulum, glans, coronal ridge, scrotum and testicles. Have her slip a finger in your ass. Don't forget the lube! Now flex your PC muscle for her. Yes darling, you have a PC muscle too. Have her feel for your prostate too.
Then she'll use the same touch technique on you that you did on her. She'll stroke very square inch of you from your asshole to your navel including your upper thighs. She will be testing for and acquainting herself with your sensitive areas. Using the same 0-5 point scale to represent the levels of sensitivity that she did — 5 being the hottest, most sensitive and most pleasurable areas and 0 being the more neutral areas as well as all the numbers in-between. Again, try this exercise with both a wet hand and a dry hand.
By the time you guys have finished this exploration exercise, both of you will have a much greater appreciation of the wonders of her amazing cunt and your fabulous cock. You'll know the areas that need special care and attention. You'll also know the kind of touch that is the most appropriate for each specific area. But most importantly, you will realize that mindlessly pokin' and prodin' away down there, like a blind man with a stick, is not how one goes about a successful fuck.
Good luck


text:
Avast Photo Space is a free mobile app designed to provide you with more space for photos on your Apple iOS device. The app optimizes the photos that are stored on your device and transfers the original, high quality versions to your Google Drive, Dropbox, or OneDrive cloud storage service. You can also take photos using the Avast Photo Space camera to immediately optimize new photos on your device and send the originals to your cloud account.
This article answers questions related to the features, settings and general use of Avast Photo Space for iOS.
Download and Installation
What are the system requirements for Avast Photo Space?
You can install and run Avast Photo Space on any Apple iPhone, Apple iPod Touch, or Apple iPad running Apple iOS 8 and higher.
How can I download and install Avast Photo Space?
Avast Photo Space for iOS devices is available for download from the App Store.
- Open App Store from the apps screen of your iOS device and search for
Avast Photo Space.
- Open the Avast Photo Space page from the search results.
- Tap Get to download the app, and then tap Install. When re-installing the app, just tap the cloud icon.
- If asked for permissions, select Accept.
- Once the installation is complete, tap Open to start using the app.
- Select Continue to confirm that you have read and accept the terms of the AVAST End User License Agreement and Privacy Policy.
Avast Photo Space is now installed and ready to use. The app is only available in a free version so you do not need a license to activate and use the app.
How can I uninstall Avast Photo Space?
To remove Avast Photo Space from your iOS device:
- Press and hold the Avast Photo Space icon on the main screen of your device for a while.
- Tap the small x which appears in the upper-left corner of the icon.
- Select Delete to confirm that you want to remove the app from your device.
Avast Photo Space is no longer installed on your device.
Features and Settings
Can I change my Avast Photo Space settings?
Yes. From your Avast Photo Space Gallery, tap the gear icon to open a list of SettingsBackup section, turn the following options ON or OFF depending on your preferences:
- Upload only using Wi-Fi: turn on to upload photos to your cloud storage account only when you are connected to Wi-Fi (this option helps you avoid accidentally using data against your cellular data plan).
- Automatic mode: turn on to enable Avast Photo Space to automatically optimize and upload new photos to your cloud storage account each time you open the app. Otherwise, you can manually select the photos that you want to optimize and transfer to your cloud storage account. We recommend that you keep the app open during the upload process even in Automatic mode.
- Notifications: turn on to be notified when original photos are uploaded to your cloud storage account, and you are ready to initiate the optimization process.
In the My Clouds section, connect to your preferred Google Drive, Dropbox, or OneDrive account. You can connect to more than one account at a time, however, Avast Photo Space uploads to the first connected account and uses the secondary account only when a transfer fails.
For details, read the following article:
Does photo optimization affect image quality?
To provide you with more space for photos on your device, Avast Photo Space transfers the original versions of your photos to your cloud storage service and retains optimized versions on your device. When compared, the original and optimized versions look very similar on your device screen. For printing purposes, however, we recommend that you use the original versions from your cloud storage account.
What is 'the cloud' and which cloud storage services does Avast Photo Space support?
'The cloud' refers to virtual storage space where you can safely store your media and files such as photos, videos, and documents without affecting the storage space on your device. Several cloud storage providers exist, however, with Avast Photo Space, you can connect to and transfer photos directly to Google Drive, Dropbox, or OneDrive.
How can I connect or disconnect from a cloud storage service?
To connect to a Google Drive, Dropbox, or OneDrive cloud storage service in Avast Photo Space, tap the Settings icon, then tap Connect next to the cloud storage service that you want to connect to. Follow the steps to sign in or create a new account.
To disconnect from a cloud storage account, tap Disconnect next to the name of the connected account in Settings. You are immediately disconnected from the account.
How do I transfer a photo to the cloud?
To transfer a photo to your cloud storage account, open the Avast Photo Space app on your iOS device, tap Select, then tap the photos that you want to transfer. Once you've selected each of the photos that you want to transfer, tap Start. A small progress bar appears at the top so that you know when the transfer is complete.
Alternatively, you can turn on Automatic mode in the Settings section so that new photos are automatically optimized and transferred to your connected cloud storage account each time you open the app.
Photos displaying a cloud icon in front of them have already been transferred to your cloud storage account.
How can I access my photos after I transfer them to the cloud?
When you connect to a cloud storage account for the first time, Avast Photo Space creates its own folder within your account and any photo that you transfer is dropped into it. To locate a transferred photo, sign into your account and access the Photo Space folder. In Dropbox, the Photo Space folder is nested in the Apps folder.
How does the Avast Photo Space camera work?
The Avast Photo Space camera is very similar to a standard device camera. Tap the camera icon at the bottom-right side of the Gallery page to open the camera. Aim the camera at your subject and tap the camera icon to capture the photo. You can also change the camera flash settings to ON, OFF, or Automatic mode by tapping the flash icon, and use the front-facing camera by tapping the rotate icon. After you take a photo, tap the cloud icon to optimize and transfer the original version to your connected cloud storage account.
Why does the amount of free space on my device remain the same after I optimize my photos?
When you optimize photos using Avast Photo Space on iOS, the photos are not deleted from your device straight away. Instead they are moved into your Recently Deleted folder. To fully remove them from your device and immediately increase your available space, delete these photos from the Recently Deleted folder. Otherwise, photos in this folder are automatically deleted after 30 days.
You can access this folder in the Photos app on your device. Tap Albums, then tap Recently Deleted from the list of albums that appears.
Why did Avast Photo Space fail to transfer a photo to the cloud?
The main reasons a photo may not be transferred are:
- Poor quality or unavailability of an internet connection.
- Unavailability of the cloud storage service.
- Insufficient space availability in your cloud storage account .
If you encounter a transfer fail, retry the transfer at a later time or with a different service. If the app is connected to two accounts, Avast Photo Space automatically uploads to your secondary account if a transfer fail occurs.
How can I provide feedback about the app or ask for help?
We are very open to feedback from all of our customers. You can provide your comments or support for Avast mobile products in the following ways:
- Write a positive review in the App Store.
- Tell your friends about our software via Facebook or Twitter.
- Post reviews in iOS related forums.
- Contact our Support team from the app by tapping Contact Support in the Settings section.
Does Avast offer any other apps I could benefit from?
Avast has created the following range of apps to improve the security and performance of your mobile device, and protect you from hackers and thieves:
- Avast Photo Space 1.x for iOS
- Apple iOS 8.0 or higher


text:
As the 33rd meeting of the World Heritage Committee approaches, we take stock of the challenge that lies at the heart of the World Heritage Convention.
"World Heritage Site": the best known brand for the most important global conservation areas. Some 878 locations are recognised as World Heritage Sites. Of these, 199 are included for their natural values, including 180 million hectares of prime conservation land.
This includes some of conservation's 'household names', such as the Serengeti, Galapagos Islands, Grand Canyon and Great Barrier Reef. World Heritage Sites cover an impressive 8 percent of the total area of all of the worlds protected areas, providing a significant, front-line response to the global extinction crisis.
With increasing global reach, public recognition and membership of most of UNESCO's member states, the World Heritage Convention can claim significant conservation successes over the 35 years since its establishment.
But is it still up to the job of conserving sites in the 21st Century? There are a series of concerns. Enormous energy is expended during the nomination process, however much less when it comes to actual management of the property. A significant number of World Heritage Sites are not effectively managed, and an increasing number of sites show a loss of values for which they were originally listed.
New global threats to biodiversity, including climate change and invasive species have the potential to exacerbate existing conservation and management issues. The benefits and impacts of World Heritage are not fully recognized, and many communities do not benefit enough from their designation. Field managers are often frustrated by the fact that World Heritage status increases public visitation and management needs but does not necessarily increase revenues needed to manage increases in tourism.
IUCN believes the Convention is reaching a "tipping point" where the focus of effort needs to shift decisively away from a preoccupation with listing new sites, to focus more on maintaining the values of sites that have been listed. The World Heritage Convention has the potential to directly conserve perhaps 10 per cent by area of all of the world's protected areas and, through this, to also provide example sites that can positively influence the remainder.
To realise this potential much more ground level support is needed to ensure sites really are protected, to support site managers and communities to manage them effectively, and to realise benefits, including income from sustainable tourism.
How to achieve this change of emphasis is a key challenge for the World Heritage Committee, and there are solutions on offer and willing expertise and effort available. Can we make the World Heritage Convention the engine for conserving the world's most important biodiversity areas for future generations? Where do you stand on whether this challenge is achievable? What do you think needs to happen?


text:
It works well with water-based finishes, varnish, lacquer and paint, leaving no hairs behind and no brush marks.
There is no metal ferrule to cause chemical reactions and the 6" long cypress handle is comfortably shaped and canted at just the right angle. Bristles are 2" (50mm) wide.
Made in Japan.


text:
Cleaned up but fresh off the highway from his cross-country hitchhiking trip, John Waters was hanging with a much more refined crowd this week -- the starlets and fashionistas at the 2012 Council of Fashion Designers of America Fashion Awards.
Waters accepted a big prize at Monday's event in New York City on behalf of his friend Johnny Depp.
Depp was awarded the Fashion Icon prize. While accepting it, Waters called the actor "the star who made dirty hair fashionable." (Depp couldn't attend the event because he was filming "The Lone Ranger.")
Waters himself is regarded as something of a fashionista. This recent LA Weekly post mentions how he's helped along the creative sock trend. And he was photographed at the awards in two very fashion-forward jackets and orange shoes.
At the ceremony, they showed a collage of some of Depp's noteworthy outfits. Accordign to The Associated Press, Waters remarked, "This man can't look ugly no matter how hard he tries."
He mixes it," John Waters told Vanity Fair about Depp. "I like him in Cry-Baby, when he was a rockabilly. But I like him best in pictures when he was getting in trouble."
Waters, quite busy that night, grabbed another prize on behalf of a Tokyo-based designer, Rei Kawakubo, who works for Comme des Garcons. Waters has modeled for her. The Baltimore filmmaker had some fun with her, too, jokingly describing her look and delicate fabris as "disaster at the dry-cleaner."
Stars at the event included Lauren Hutton, the Olsen twins, Padma Lakshmi, Dakota Fanning, Mandy Moore and Heather Graham.
@BaltInsider on Twitter


text:
College of Earth, Ocean, & Environment
Career opportunities for geology graduates abound in understanding geologic hazards and in exploring for and efficiently using land, water, energy, and mineral resources. These careers require knowledge of the geological, biological, chemical, and physical processes above, on, and below the earth's surface. Our teaching and research emphasize how these processes operate through time to shape our planet's surface and near surface environment.
The links below are reputable sources of career information for the Geological Sciences.
Lessons Learned in School and Life
Marine Life
Ozone Threat from Climate Change
Tracking ocean pollution
Stemflow study
Horseshoe Crabs and Artificial Bait
Advancing the understanding, stewardship, and conservation of estuarine, coastal, and ocean environments.
Discovering how geological processes have operated over various time scales to create and influence the planet's surface environments.
Investigating the interactions between people and the environment and the processes that explain the location of human and natural phenomena.
College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment • 111 Robinson Hall • Newark, DE 19716 • USA • Phone: 302-831-2841
Geography: 302-831-2294 • Geology: 302-831-2569 • Marine Science and Policy: 302-645-4212 • E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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