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Ah, Las Vegas. Bright lights, casinos, fancy hotels, gorgeous year-round weather, top entertainment attractions, and fluid power. Fluid power? Yes, fluid power. Even if you haven't been to Las Vegas, you are sure to have heard of some of the massive construction projects that have been going on for the last several years — and there's no end in sight. In fact, by most accounts, Las Vegas is the fastest-growing city in the U.S.
But how does fluid power fit into all this? For one, hydraulics has a stronghold in most of the construction equipment that helps bring all these projects to fruition. Certainly much less visible are the contributions of hydraulics behind the scenes at many of these exciting new attractions.
A history of excitement
For example, the Treasure Island Hotel's Buccaneer Bay (covered in our December 1993 issue) uses powerful hydraulic drives to impart incredible realism to a make-believe naval battle. Hydraulics not only propels one ship through a Caribbean lagoon and makes another one sink, but generates the waves in the water as well.
One of the most well-known and longest running acts in Las Vegas is Siegfried and Roy at the Mirage Hotel (mentioned in our July 1992 issue). The climax of this act uses an intimidating fire-breathing dragon with 30 axes of electrohydraulic motion control. Electrohydraulic technology is also called on for motion of two other sophisticated dragons, each with 28 axes of motion, at the EFX show at the MGM Grand Hotel (covered in our July 1995 issue).
More recently, the Bellagio Hotel relies on hydraulics for critical segments of their Cirque du Soleil Show titled, simply, O (which is pronounced like the French word for water). This is a combination stage-water show, and hydraulics is used to raise four platforms up from under water -- 1½ million gallons of it. This is accomplished with three hydraulic cylinders for each platform through closed-loop proportional hydraulics to keep all motions synchronized with each other. This is no simple task, because the cylinders have strokes of well over 10 ft. Each set of cylinders is powered by a Vickers Integrated Motor Pump, from Eaton Corp.'s Industrial Hydraulics Div. These pump-motors are designed for quiet operation by using a liquid-cooled electric motor and pump encased in a sound-resistant enclosure. The quiet operation allows them to be located near the attraction without the risk of the audience hearing them operate.
Still another attraction — the High Roller coaster atop the Stratosphere hotel — uses hydraulics to transport coaster trains up its initial hill and another hill that returns the train to its loading-unloading area. The entire attraction towers more than 900 ft above ground, so although it is not the fastest or steepest roller coaster, it certainly is the highest.
Most roller coasters use an electric motor, gearbox, and chain drive to pull a roller coaster up an initial hill. From there, the train coasts through the rest of the ride. The High Roller, however, has a metal fin protruding from the bottom of each train car. A hydraulic motor rotates a pair of counter-rotating wheels that acts as pinch rollers. So when the fin passes between the wheels, they propel the coaster train forward.
Prime directive for hydraulics
In every production of Star Trek — from the TV series in the 1960s to the most recent motion picture — the crew of the Enterprise must follow the prime directive of not interfering with the development of any civilization they encounter. Likewise, an unspoken prime directive for Star Trek: The Experience, at the Las Vegas Hilton hotel, is that none of the backstage equipment can make visitors aware of its presence. For this reason, motion must be precisely executed and controlled to feel natural instead of mechanical. Just as important, visitors should not hear any noise from pumps, motors, or other components, which would remind them that they haven't really been whisked into the 24th century.
In Star Trek: The Experience, visitors stroll through the History of the Future Museum at their leisure, then enter a pre-show area where they are told about a ride they will be experiencing. As they enter what appears to be a loading area for the ride, they suddenly find themselves in the dark with wind blowing all around. Within seconds, the lights come back on, and they now appear to be in the transporter room of the Starship Enterprise.
Next, they travel to the the bridge of the Enterprise, where Commander Riker from Star Trek: The Next Generation explains from the view screen that they have been transported to the 24th century. He reveals that hostile forces will prevent visitors from being transported back to Las Vegas, so they instead have to take a shuttle craft to return to 20th-century Las Vegas.
Visitors then enter a turbo lift, which seems to take them to a different level of the Enterprise, the ship's Grand Corridor — which was never shown in any of Star Trek movies or TV shows. Finally, visitors enter what looks like a shuttle craft, but it actually is a replica mounted on a 6-axis motion base. This is where they get a prolonged feeling of travelling through time and space as they elude simulated enemies and eventually return safely to the Las Vegas Hilton.
Hydraulics does the trick
The transporter room, turbo lift, and shuttle craft all rely on hydraulics to produce realistic special effects. According to Jeff Borba, department manager of engineering at Star Trek: The Experience, Las Vegas Hilton, The transporter room works as an inverse elevator. Instead of moving occupants to a different location, the occupants remain stationary and a new location moves to them. This occurs in two stages. First, the assembly of four walls surrounding occupants of the loading area is raised 13 ft in less than 3 sec. Once this occurs, the ceiling moves horizontally 22 ft in 2½ sec.When the lights come back on, visitors now see the bottom half of the wall assembly, which looks like the transporter room. Likewise, they now see a half of the ceiling that looks very different from the one they saw when they entered the room.
The upper half of the wall assembly is now 13-ft above them, but they can't see it because of the ceiling. Also, the half of the ceiling they first saw is now 22-ft away, obscured by the "new" walls. The 7000-lb wall assembly was raised by a hydraulic cylinder with 78-in. stroke. A cable-and-pulley assembly doubles the cylinder's effective stroke (and speed) to quickly raise the wall assembly to its final height.
The 3000-lb ceiling, on the other hand, is powered by a bent-axis piston motor. This motor drives a Ford 9-in. differential (the same differential used in trucks and industrial vehicles) to evenly distribute rotational power to a pair of high-strength belt-and-pulley assemblies that slides the ceiling into a slot in the middle of the wall assembly.
Clearance between the ceiling and wall assemblies is only 1-1Ú8 in., so moving these massive loads so quickly requires extremely precise timing and motion control. Hydraulics provides the high power for rapid acceleration and deceleration, while electronics ensure sequential accuracy and tight position control.
After going through the illusion of being beamed into the 24th century, guests are instructed to enter a turbo lift to start them on a quick escape. The turbo lift is a cylindrical chamber mounted vertically with a door on its side. After guests enter though the door, the turbo lift pivots on three 2½-in. stroke cylinders that present the illusion that the turbo lift is moving. At the same time, the turbo lift slowly rotates at approximately 1 rpm about its vertical axis.
When the turbo lift stops moving, visitors exit through the door and enter a new room on the same level as the one they just left. The ride in the turbo lift gives the impression of transporting visitors to a different level, but it actually is just a chamber joining two rooms on the same level.
Ken Griffin, Technician at Star Trek: The Experience, Las Vegas Hilton, says this HPU has a 200-gal reservoir with an off-line filtration (kidney) loop. The kidney loop is driven by a 5-gpm gear pump piggybacked to the main pump. Fluid is routed through 3-µm filters and a 2½-gal heat exchanger for cooling. A pair of 20-gal accumulators provides supplemental flow for short-duration peak demand periods. A 25-hp electric motor running at 1800 rpm drives a main, axial-piston pump, which is pressure-compensated at 1500 psi to deliver up to 25 gpm. The pump is driven by a 25-hp electric motor running at 1800 rpm.
Hydraulic time-space continuum
Visitors eventually make their way to a ride simulator that is a replica of a Star Trek shuttle craft mounted onto a 6-axis motion base. The motion base consists of three pairs of hydraulic cylinders mounted in a tripod configuration to provide six axes of motion — roll, pitch, yaw, surge (forward and back), heave (up and down), and sway (left and right). This tripod arrangement has become the standard for high-performance motion bases.
Hydraulic power for each of the attraction's four motion bases is supplied by a pair of Vickers 50-hp Integrated Motor Pumps. These pumps run quieter than conventional configurations, where the electric motor, hydraulic pump, and shaft coupling can transmit noise directly to the surrounding atmosphere.
High-tech effects bring legend to life
Early in our formal education, and even before, we are taught about our five senses. Not included in this mix are senses of motion and depth, which are integrations of sight, touch, and hearing. By stimulating these three senses, sophisticated motion simulators can create virtual experiences where participants can feel as if they have visited places that don't exist.
Such a place is the mythical city of Atlantis, which, legend has it, lies somewhere deep under the ocean. To bring this legend into modern times, the Caesar's Palace Hotel opened Race for Atlantis in January 1998. This is the first permanent attraction to incorporate a motion base with a large-format IMAX 3-D film. The 82-ft diameter IMAX Dome screen is the largest ever built for an attraction, and the four 27-passenger motion bases nestled within the dome can accommodate more than 1000 visitors per hour.
But that's not all. Multi-directional sound is generated by a 6-channel, 16-kW sound system, with an additional two channels transmitted by wireless Personal Sound Environment headsets worn by visitors. Another effect is provided by the world's largest water-based fog-generating system, which recovers and recycles the water to minimize consumption.
To provide three-dimensional images, the visual program is filmed through an IMAX 3-D camera and projected at 48 frames/sec. Left and right shutters on the projector cycle at 96 frames/sec to alternately display left or right images on the screen. Headsets worn by visitors contain LCD lenses that open and shut in synchronization with the images projected on the screen. So when the projector casts an image onto the screen from its right-hand lens, the LCD in front of the visitor's right eye is open and the one in front of the left eye is closed.
The headsets also contain left and right speakers to produce sound that is intended to be perceived as close by. Sound and LCD switching signals are transmitted to headsets through wireless infra-red transmitters.
Hydraulic-based motion
Each motion base provides six axes of motion through electrohydraulic cylinders controlled by servovalves and fitted with magnetostrictive linear displacement transducers for closed-loop position and motion control. As with the Star Trek attraction, motion bases have six cylinders arranged into a tripod configuration. In fact, motion bases for both the Atlantis and Star Trek attractions were designed and built by McFadden Systems, Santa Fe Springs, Calif.
Each cylinder is controlled by a servovalve mounted to it. This design configuration minimizes the amount of fluid between the servovalve and cylinder, which, in turn, maximizes system response by limiting fluid compliance between the servovalve and cylinder.
An accumulator serves each pair of cylinders to ensure that flow and pressure can be maintained by each cylinder. Accumulators also are relied upon by the hydraulic power unit (HPU) to store energy for peak flow demands. This allows using a smaller pump because the accumulators can be recharged during periods of low demand and release their stored energy when the system needs more flow than the pump can provide.
A third use of accumulators is for storing emergency power. Visitors board each motion base from a moveable loading/unloading platform. Before a ride sequence can begin, a pair of hydraulic cylinders pivots each loading platform out of the way. This prevents a collision from damaging the motion base or platform.
If, for example, an electrical power outage would occur, the HPU might not be able to power the cylinders into position to unload the motion bases. To prevent this from happening, hydraulic circuits for the platforms contain accumulators to store enough energy to fully actuate the cylinders, even if a complete electrical power outage occurs.
Application challenges
One of the challenges for the motion program, according to Brian Robison, general manager of Race for Atlantis, was the wide range of effects. For example, because some of the simulated adventure takes place in water, much of the motion has to give visitors the sensation of floating. This means when motion changes from up to down, and vise versa, there cannot be any jerking or stick-slip operation in the transition between directional changes. At other times, the motion base must behave like a chariot racing down a cobblestone street. This calls for sharp jolts and a rumble of wheels against the road surface.
Robison cited control signal management as another challenge. The main program takes up 1716 GB of hard drive space. The projector itself, with a pair of 15-kW, water-cooled xenon arc lamps, requires its own computer to monitor operation and generate the cues for the headsets, motion bases, safety systems, and other subsystems.
Search leads to simple solution
One of the tradeoffs often considered for motion base applications is how much motion is actually required. After all, if a visual presentation is large enough to encompass a viewer's entire field of vision, he or she will usually get a sense of motion even while standing on a stationary platform. Also, as motion bases incorporate more axes of motion, more complicated and sophisticate control equipment is needed to keep a motion sequence in synchronization not only with the visual presentation, but with itself. For instance, a 6-axis motion base arranged in a tripod configuration requires all six cylinders to move in close synchronization with each other, even for simple movements.
If motion is not in sync with the visual program, participants may experience motion sickness or become aware of the control error. In either case, visitors to such an attraction may leave unsatisfied. If motion of individual cylinders is out of sync, not only will the quality of the motion suffer, but the out-of-balance forces can apply excessive stresses to the motion base chassis.
In contrast to the motion bases for Star Trek and Atlantis, In Search of the Obelisk use only three axes of motion surge (34 in.), heave (18 in.), and sway (34 in.). John Lichtsteiner, technical manager, rides and attractions at the Luxor, explained that controlling only three axes of motion is much less complicated than controlling six. Furthermore, because each axis actuates independently, control programs are simpler.
For example, to execute a horizontal movement (sway) with a 6-axis motion base configured in a tripod arrangement, piston rods on all six cylinders would have to move. Some would extend, some would retract, and not all would stroke at the same speed. With a 3-axis base configured for linear motion, movement in any single axis requires only one cylinder to actuate. So the same horizontal move would require only the sway cylinder to actuate.
Lichtsteiner also explained that using only three axes of motion does not necessarily reduce the quality of perceived motion. He said the roll axis can be experienced simply by having the visual image pivot one way while the motion base moves horizontally in sync with it. He added that with linear motions, all riders experience the same movement. If a 6-axis motion platform rolls to the right, visitors near the center of the platform will simply tilt, whereas those near the perimeter will tilt and mover vertically. With linear motions, all visitors experience the same sensations no matter where they are seated.


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Hear me, people: We have now to deal with another race – small and feeble when our Fathers first met them, but now great and overbearing. Strangely enough they have a mind to till the soil, and the love of possession is a disease with them. These people have made many rules that the rich may break, but the poor may not. They take their tithes from the poor and weak to support the rich and those who rule. (Chief Sitting Bull, Powder River Conference, 1877)
Is there a better processional for the parade of idiots and ideologues in the 2013 Legislative Session? The People who were here long before Wisconsin became a state were led by visionaries that understood the motivation of a white man corrupt with power.
A Mining Bill is poised to pass out of both committees this week, on the fast track to a swift vote within weeks. A bill which would mean devastation to one of the world's great supplies of freshwater. Water which means life not only to an indigenous people, but those who have since settled and call the Bad River watershed and Lake Superior Basin home. But damn the torpedoes, science, and those inconvenient geological facts…full speed ahead Mr. and Ms. Chairman/Woman, we have (paying) corporate constituents to serve.
The only hope for defeat of this bill lies in the Republican-controlled Senate, and the possibility that four of its members still listen to a little voice most of us hear as a conscience. Dale Schultz, Mike Ellis, Robert Cowles, and Luther Olsen may be the only sane Republicans left in this biennial assemblage of insanity we still call a "Legislature." This writer holds out hope that the smokescreen of empty jobs promises is wearing thin in a state moving closer to honorable entry into socio-economic "Dixie"…and further away from its progressive roots.
Has there been a time in our state's recent history which more closely resembles oligarchy than democracy? The unholy triumvirate of Walker, Fitzgerald, and Vos…let's face it, in 2010 Jeff Fitzgerald was nothing but a figurehead. Vos is, and has been pulling the strings all along. I digress. This triumvirate has the state government in lockdown, controlling the message in and out, controlling debate, the media, and god forbid anyone should sing in the Capitol. Every moment of every day is a campaign. Public policy is built on a campaign strategy, and supported by money. Lots of it. If you are on the right (literally) side, the money pool is almost unlimited. If you are on the wrong side…well, money doesn't follow losers. And no money, no access.
Even the Capitol press corps is being kept on a short leash, with passes and access being strictly controlled by the powerful few. Say the wrong thing, write the story the wrong way, come across as the least bit partisan (read – report what we tell you to), and no access for you. End of story, end of job as a Capitol correspondent. This sort of power concentration is rare in Wisconsin. Scott Walker has power, and he is using it.
Walker is raising unprecedented amounts of money, and spending a lot of it on his legal defense fund. Let's all be honest here…something stinks about the way Walker has campaigned, raised money, and conducted his business in and out of office. His administration is loaded with insiders, fixers, and power mongers. No interest in governing, just power and money. Crooks, liars, sharks. The smart money is that there is something illegal here…but that same money doubts the political will of a Milwaukee County DA to take on the Walker machine. But the Feds? Reminds me of something…
Richard Nixon in 1972. Re-elected, destroying McGovern in a landslide. Everyone knew, but few said it, that Richard Milhous Nixon was a crook. The media knew – but sat on the story until after the election. Once there was blood in the water, the media went in for the kill. Before Watergate, Nixon was untouchable, and had concentrated more power than almost any other president in history. The scary part is, once the scab was ripped off, no one knew how bad the wound was, or how long it would take to heal. Maybe it never has…and maybe we failed to learn the lessons of too much power in the hands of a man like Nixon…or Scott Walker. And so here we go again…in Wisconsin.
There is some light, in this dark time of plutocracy. There are voices rising above the din, who don't rely on a Capitol press pass. We are getting one back tomorrow. John "Sly" Sylvester is back on the air Monday, February 4th from 3 – 6:30 pm. Sly will be on one of the last remaining locally owned and independent stations in the entire country – 93.7FM WEKZ. He'll now have a three state reach – Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa. Sly will also be contributing to the good fight against Democrats who are mere posers in our neighboring states – like Rahm "NAFTA, TIF King, Kill Public Schools" Emanuel, and Pat "screw the pension fund" Quinn. Station link to listen live here.
I'll be listening. Why? Because in this time of incredible propaganda, Sly is honest about what he says and believes. He'll question and confront both Republicans and Democrats who turn their back on Wisconsin working families. And that is important.
The new debate on economics and education will continue to demonize teachers and other public employees. It will perpetuate the myth of impending fiscal doom to preserve the wealth of those paying to spread that myth. Scott Walker will continue to do what Sitting Bull warned about in 1877: "They take their tithes from the poor and weak to support the rich and those who rule." It is voices like Sly's we need to call out the Walkers, Fitzes, Vos' Emanuels, Ryans, and Johnsons of our time for what and who they are. Greedy, power-hungry, sharks and fixers who are out for blood. The life blood of Wisconsin – its people and resources in exchange for money and power.
A final quote before sign-off…a warning shot across the bow of our fragile democracy:
When democracy granted democratic methods to us in times of opposition, this was bound to happen in a democratic system. However, we…never asserted that we represented a democratic point of view, but we have declared openly that we used the democratic methods only to gain power, and that, after assuming the power, we would deny to our adversaries without any consideration the means which were granted to us in times of our opposition.
No, that was not from a Walker secret conversation with Robin Vos.
It was Dr. Paul Joseph Goebbels, 1935 propaganda pamphlet, quoted in Vol. I "Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression," US Government Printing Office 1946
Vigilance. Always vigilance.

subset: commoncrawl


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Working in physics: Riding the storm out
A career in severe-weather research offers flexibility and plenty of opportunities to experience the fascinating physics of the rotating fluid called the atmosphere. Josh Wurman describes the science of storm-chasing and why hurricanes are scarier than tornadoes.
I am standing on a bridge near the North Carolina coast. There is a light breeze, and I am enjoying some hazy sunshine. But this calm is an illusion: in a few minutes winds of up to 45 m s–1 (100 mph) will sweep in again. The approaches to my section of the bridge are already drowned under 2.5 m of water, and my companions on this island are an eclectic mix of traumatized animals, including snakes, rats, wounded pelicans and frogs. Earlier, one of the snakes flew through the air past my truck. The animals and I have been drawn to this bridge by Hurricane Isabel, which has just slammed into the coastal islands of North Carolina, and at the moment we are in the calm, sunny eye of the storm. The animals are just trying to survive on the area's only dry ground. But I have come to the bridge with a radar system on a truck and have spent a night and a day on it because I want to know what is happening inside this hurricane.
Chasing innovations
Meteorological research is a highly mathematical subject, and I have been intrigued by maths since I was a small child. Once, I spent dozens of hours working out the digits of π using a printing calculator (this was the 1960s) and what I soon realized was a very slowly converging formula. But I also loved being outdoors, so in between my calculations I collected thousands of insects, pinned in boxes and stored in hundreds of pill boxes in my family's freezer.
As I moved beyond collecting numbers and bugs, I became interested in weather. The study of atmospheric motion is very mathematical, essentially applied fluid dynamics, and the real-world effects of these equations can be seen every day. The equations of motion for the atmosphere cause trees to be blown down, hail to fall and snowdrifts to pile up — all things that I could witness while growing up in Pennsylvania.
I started out as a physics major at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), but my real interest was meteorology, in which MIT only had a graduate programme. Fortunately, the university was quite indulgent of me, and I was allowed to combine my physics classes with several graduate meteorology classes to earn a hybrid degree in interdisciplinary science.
While I was finishing my PhD on microbursts at MIT, a "tea hour" discussion with some friends got me thinking about constructing weather radar networks using "passive" rather than the traditional "active" radar sites. Passive radar systems are almost a hundred times cheaper than active systems, which require expensive components like powerful high-voltage transmitters and large antennas. I wrote to the heads of a few research labs and was surprised that they not only read my letters, but even wanted to fly me out to explain my ideas. One of these trips brought me to the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado, where I became a visiting scientist in 1991 and began developing and testing my new radar-network concept.
Before too long, however, I became distracted by how little we really knew about what was going on inside severe-weather systems. In the mid-1990s, no one had yet mapped out the winds inside tornadoes, so no one really knew how strong they were. After reading the relevant literature, I decided that a more ambitious technological and logistical approach could push back the veil of ignorance about these fascinating phenomena. So in 1994 I decided to shift focus, leaving NCAR for a faculty position at the University of Oklahoma, where I developed a prototype mobile weather radar system called the Doppler on Wheels (DOW).
A DOW is a cutting-edge Doppler weather radar that is mounted on a truck. The concept is simple. Instead of waiting for interesting weather to come to me, I drive to the weather (like Hurricane Isabel) and surround it with DOWs and other instruments. In its first few weeks of testing, the DOW made important new measurements inside tornadoes, which allowed my team to produce the first-ever 3D mapping of tornadic winds. With new data coming in every minute, we could watch the wind, debris and rain fields evolve in something close to real time.
Since 1995 the DOW and its descendents have observed and mapped the wind fields of more than 140 tornadoes. These include the most intense tornado ever documented, which hit Moore, Oklahoma, in 1999 with near-surface winds of 142 m s–1; and the two largest tornadoes ever mapped, one of which occurred in the same 1999 outbreak and had a core circulation that was more than 1600 m in diameter. We have also mapped the fascinating behaviour of multiple vortices, which are like miniature tornadoes-within-tornadoes and which are believed to cause the worst tornado damage.
From tornadoes to terrorists
After nine years at Oklahoma, family considerations and a dislike of academic politics led me to return to Boulder, where I founded a not-for-profit company: the Center for Severe Weather Research (CSWR). There are only a few other severe-weather researchers working outside established universities or labs, but so far our experiment seems to be successful. The DOWs are now available to all National Science Foundation principal investigators as "national facilities", without charge to their grant programmes, and my group of three researchers, a technician, an administrator and me is continually finding new ways of using them.
In September 1996 my team and I took a DOW into Hurricane Fran, which was much scarier than a tornado. I can study tornadoes while remaining at a relatively safe distance where the winds are only 20–40 m s–1, but a hurricane's storm surge will inundate many tempting DOW deployment sites and winds can exceed 50 m s–1. Moreover, once we pick a spot, we cannot easily change our minds, because often escape routes can be blocked by flooding, downed power lines and felled trees.
In recent years, we have also taken DOWs to wildfires, to map out hot spots and wind shifts, and to observe aircraft dropping fire retardants. We have studied coastal storm systems off California, observed simulated releases of toxins from aircraft pretending to be terrorists, and assisted meteorology studies in France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland. The DOWs have proved extremely versatile, and are useful for any meteorology project that needs finer-scale observations.
A career in weird weather
The best thing about my career is that I have the freedom to pursue my passions and curiosities. If I can obtain resources or link up with colleagues with similar interests, then we can rush into these projects — studying tornadoes, hurricanes, fires, winter storms, toxin plumes, bird migrations, whatever. In all of these areas, there are still big questions that can be addressed by "mere mortals"; you do not have to be one of the four smartest people on the planet to make important contributions. Field research has also given me opportunities to travel to parts of the world that I would otherwise not have visited, and to experience local cultures in ways that I could not as a tourist. I have lived on a remote Polynesian island operating a radar, deployed instruments in some very odd places in the Pacific, and visited just about every town in the US High Plains.
I get literally thousands of meteorology-related e-mails each year, many proposing outlandish ways to destroy tornadoes or hurricanes. Of course, most of these writers are cranks, but because my career in severe weather research got started when I sent unsolicited ideas about radar networks to established scientists, I always try to remember that there might be a useful needle buried in this haystack (although I have not found one yet).
I am often asked how to get into this kind of research. The obvious answer — study lots of maths and physics — is correct, but I would take this half a step further. I and some others in meteorology actually prefer young researchers to have backgrounds in physics or mathematics, rather than just meteorology. For example, I recently hired a postdoc who earned Master's degrees in physics and teaching before doing her PhD in meteorology. Although several universities (such as Reading in the UK and Pennsylvania State in the US) do offer undergraduate degrees in meteorology, some of the best departments for meteorology research (including MIT) do not. So, I recommend getting a degree in physics with some maths courses that cover fluid dynamics and then specializing later.
The disadvantages of my career are typical of much of science: if you are smart, ambitious and want to make lots of money, or retire to play golf at 50, severe-weather research is a poor choice. A really smart person can probably make more money as a lawyer or even an online poker player. But in the end, I am thrilled with the career that I have chosen. It is different every day, and I have a lot of control over my direction and destiny. Most importantly, it is lots of fun.
About the author
Josh Wurman leads the Center for Severe Weather Research, a non-profit organization based in Boulder, Colorado, US.
This article originally appeared in the April 2009 issue of Physics World
last edited: September 11, 2018


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Five local young women to make debut
When the 87th annual North Carolina Debutante Ball begins Sept. 5 in Raleigh, five local young women will make their bow to society.
The Terpsichorean Club of Raleigh sponsors the annual event to present North Carolina�s prominent young women statewide and to honor their families. The men�s club was formed in the 1920s and has issued invitations and given the ball every year since 1923, except the World War II years.
Invitations are extended to young women in recognition of the contributions their families have made to the economic, cultural, social and civic life of North Carolina. During the ball weekend, eight functions will honor the debutantes, their families and their escorts. The formal presentation Sept. 6 at Meymandi Concert Hall will be the weekend�s focal point.
The leader of the ball is chosen from Wake County�s debutantes, and 12 young women from across the sate are named assistant leaders. This year�s leader is Taylor Tharrington Newcomb of Raleigh.
William Ward Allen is chairman of the 2013 ball. Mrs. John Douglas Merritt Jr. is chairman of the Girls Committee, and Mrs. James Black Bell III has been chosen the honorary chairman of the ball.
Among this year�s debutantes are Elizabeth Alexandra �Alex� Butterworth, Margaret-Ellen Edwards and Madison Alderidge Mauck, all of Kinston; and Haley Elizabeth Beaman and Nancy Finley O�Brien, both of Snow Hill.
Butterworth is a 2012 graduate of the K-12 International Academy, an online school based out of Herndon, Va. She is studying mechanical engineering at Southern Methodist University and is the daughter of Joseph Millard Butterworth III of Bethel and Sandra Faulkner Butterworth of Kinston. She is the granddaughter of Thomas Henry Faulkner of Kinston and the late Evelyn Oettinger Faulkner, and Frances Manning Butterworth of Bethel and the late Joseph Millard Butterworth Jr. Her assistant marshal is Kenneth Alan Heverly Jr. of Emerald Isle.
Edwards is a 2012 graduate of Arendell Parrott Academy and is in her sophomore year studying education at ECU. She is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Win Edwards of Kinston and the granddaughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. Frank Efird of Wilmington, Mr. and Mrs. Merle W. Edwards of Ayden, and Rachel P. Edwards of Kinston. Her assistant marshal is Drew Gorham of Rocky Mount.
Mauck also graduated in 2012 from Parrott. She attends the College of Charleston, double majoring in art and historical preservation. She is the daughter of Armistead Burwell Mauck (a native of Richmond, Va.) and Louise Cherry Mauck of Kinston. She is the granddaughter of Elizabeth Winfree Mauck of Richmond, Va., and Nancy Aldridge Cherry of Kinston. Her assistant marshal is Todd Bailey of Kinston.
Beaman, a 2012 Parrott graduate, is studying sports and exercise science at UNC. She is the daughter of Collyn and Susan Beaman of Snow Hill and the granddaughter of William and Patricia Sugg of Snow Hill, Doris Sorensen of Atlantic Beach, and Mary Wynne Beaman of Snow Hill and the late Carson Beaman. Her assistant marshal is Bryson Ruffennach of Myrtle Beach, S.C.
O�Brien is majoring in journalism at UNC. The 2012 Parrott graduate is the daughter of Tom and Laura O�Brien of Snow Hill. She is the granddaughter of Mel Harper of Snow Hill and the late Benjamin �Ben� Thomas Harper, and Tom and Nancy O�Brien of Washington, N.C. Her assistant marshal is Alex Mikels of Raleigh.
Nancy S. Saunders can be reached at 252-559-1079 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Sailing the islands of Croatia is fast becoming as critical as seeing the Eiffel Tower. From the clubs of Dubrovnik Old Town to the postcard town of Split with so many white beaches and ocean time in between. This trip even goes reverse if you'd rather start from Split. Wild Bay, anyone?
The sun is shining, the sea is glistening & 8-days of Croatian goodness sit ahead of us. Settle into our shiny sail boat & use any remaining daylight to explore the UNESCO World Heritage site of Dubrovnik, also famous for providing the setting for King's Landing in the Game of Thrones. Tonight we'll slip into holiday mode with a dinner onboard our boat.
Rise and shine, we're raising anchor! Take in the beauty of Dubrovnik one last time. We've no doubt got a bunch of new friends on hand already, and it's time to set sail. Don't fret, there will be plenty of swim stops as we make our way to our next destination.Cruising the good-looking Dalmatian coastline we make our way to Korčula, home of the legendary explorer Marco Polo. On arrival we'll enjoy lunch onboard, fuelling us for a day exploring the Venetian architecture & pretty buildings of this walled fishing village. Our Trip Manager will take us on a tour of the town with info on the incredible paving and landscapes and its relationship with the natural environment. Tonight, you'll no doubt be ready for a night out and we recommend heading up one of the city's tower wall bars for a cocktail while watching the sunset.
This morning we wave goodbye to Korcula, sailing into a fresh day of sunshine in search of our next island.A celeb hang out, a museum of super-yachts, a nightclub hub - Hvar is nothing short of wonderful. We will take an orientation of the town where we will get you in the know on the Arsenal (known as the most beautiful building in the whole of Dalmatia) and the Venetian Fortress which represented the strong naval history of this cute town. Whether you spend the day exploring, catching rays beachside or sipping cocktails at Hula Hula Beach Bar, you won't be disappointed. This is the ultimate.
Relax and recap on the evening over a late breakfast before we drift off to the next destination calling our name. Out of the city vibes we truly set sail today, for some serious island vibes.The sound of 'Wild' Bay might scare you after what may have been a night of debauchery. But rest assured Wild Bay is exactly what you need - turquoise waters & tranquil vibes aplenty.
So long oasis of dreams, we have another stunning port to throw down anchor at. Ahoy! We will be stopping for plenty of swim stops and throwing the anchor down, sounds good to us sailor types.Little bays of pebbles & a quaint seaside town wait for us in the south of the island of Brac. Get a bit cultural today with a visit to the King's stairs and the Dominican Monastery. Later we can choose to loosen up over our Captain's dinner and pirate party.
Another easy like Sunday morning start to our day is in order after the pirate party. Lounge around enjoying breakfast and sunshine as we depart Bol and head for Makarska, and yes, more swim stops await today.The afternoon is yours to run off and explore from our docking at the base of a massive cliff face. Long white-pebbled beaches, fruit and flower markets & restaurants overflowing with fresh seafood - pure Croatian bliss.
Today we make our way out of Makarska - a fun-filled finale in Split coming right up!Soak up the Roman heritage of the 220 buildings and sprawling cathedral that make up the Diocletian's Palace before sitting by the Mediterranean to map out our last night on tour. Best go out with a bang!
There you have it, the astonishing beauty of Croatia and its cluster of islands. You probably always imagined you'd be blown away by it, but the new squad of life-long pals will be the real surprise. Round Two: Turkey & Greek Island Odyssey?
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text: When Gavin McInnes's daughter was born, doctors told him that she wasn't born with the ability to walk, and that it would take about a year for her to learn how. He didn't think that pushing a newborn around in a mini-wheelchair was any way to live, so he decided to take action. He made a short documentary about his family's ride to infant mobility. [Street Carnage]


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Argue about people who are fitter than you, doing things you could never do yourself.
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A blog about the art of writing and the writing business. Writing for the soul and writing to be paid.
Tuesday, November 23, 2010
Novelist Explains the Book Business
In the first, The (Paltry) Economics of Being a Novelist, she describes the monetary underpinnings of the novelist's business. She talks about things like advances, royalty checks (apparently authors get only two a year), the shelf life of a novel, and other such things. The inevitable conclusion is, of course, don't do it for the money.
In the second, The (Unlikely) Economics of Your Book Becoming a Movie, she described how novelists (theoretically) profit from their books. She tells about her experience from when Pay It Forward was adapted to film. No surprises here either: if your name isn't J.K. Rowling or Stephen King, there's mostly no money and definitely no creative control.
Great articles for anyone ever entertaining the thought of being a novelist and wondering about the process, the business side of things, the journey, etc.
5 comments:
- rdl said...
thanks for the article. so nice to see u here. happy thanksgiving!
- 24 November, 2010 19:18
- Rick said...
Every writer should read those two articles. Seriously. I'm going to post a link to them on my blog, if you don't mind.
- 19 December, 2010 22:53
- Rick said...
This is the kind of things the vast majority of writers need to hear. Nice post!
- 19 January, 2011 22:03
There is currently a promo going on for all kinds of writers, whether they are poets, reporters, novelists or essayists. It is a 7 day trial but you will earn big money, more than you'd expect as a journalist. This is not a joke, I can assure you, and I do know its worth a try.
Hundreds of journalists are already earning lots of money because of this, and I see no reason for you to miss out as well. All you have to do is visit the blog verwoodsolutions.blogspot.com, and look for a the post titled PROMO. Just lick on the link and pretty much everything else will fall into place.
Good Day to You All.
- 07 May, 2011 00:23
- Lacy said...
This was a great post. I have just started a blog and am slowly trying to get my writing out there. This post was informative.
- 15 May, 2011 18:41


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Let me guess, you have been playing Universal crossword and got stuck on the clue Penny ingredient. Well, you have come to the right place to find the answer to this clue.
While some crosswords are much simpler than others, most require that players have a vast knowledge of the language and possibly even various topics. So while crossword puzzles are seen as a more intelligent game, they can be very frustrating for players to complete and even experienced crossword players need some help occasionally.
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|Universal crossword of July 19th, 2018 other clues
|Fixed look
|Garnish vegetable
|Unappreciated talk
|Frigg's mythical hubby
|Wide in the middle
|Heat producer
|Metal curve
|For the birds
|Just, as a formality
|Visa dispute
|Mob scenes
|Fix with a needle
|Johnny of late-night
|African gulch
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|Word screamed after "me"
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|Work out some knots
|Military cap of France
|A Scandinavian
|Crave hydration
|Cool night fabric
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|All-eyes beach-goer
|One-consonant lake
|It often has a side?
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|Some trigonometry findings
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|Certain Mideast Gulf
|Signs, as checks
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|Excessive films?
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|Putdown look
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|Check for usefulness
We offer support and help with a wide range of crosswords and are guaranteed to make sure you complete everything; the site is also updated regularly to make sure that all of our answers are correct and to add more crosswords to the ever growing list.__IMAGE__
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The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is required to be eligible for most financial aid. The FAFSA must be completed each year. Students can now submit the FAFSA as early as October.
* The discounts, awards, scholarships listed below are not stackable awards*
St. Scholastica offers a discount to students where two or more family members from the same immediate family are attending. This includes siblings or stepsiblings, parent/child or stepparent/stepchild, or spouses. Students must be registered full-time at The College of St. Scholastica during the same enrollment period (currently defined as a semester). This discount is available for fall and spring semesters only; it is not available for summer semester. The discount rate has historically been 5 percent of St. Scholastica tuition for each student. The College retains the right to change this policy and rate at any time. College of St. Scholastica employees and their dependents are not eligible for this discount. International students are not eligible for this discount. This discount cannot be applied retroactively. The Multiple Family Member Discount cannot be combined with any other college discount and will be adjusted to ensure that all scholarships, grants, remissions, or discounts (from any source) do not exceed the student's cost of tuition.
Amount: 5% of tuition, per year
The CSS Legacy Scholarship is automatically awarded based on information you provide on your application to the College. It is 5% of tuition and is renewable each year. This discount is available for fall and spring semesters only; it is not available for summer semester. The College retains the right to change this policy and rate at any time.
Scholarship eligibility criteria:
*Please note this scholarship cannot be combined with the Alumni Referral Scholarship or any other college discount.
The College of St. Scholastica offers a Graduate Alumni Discount for MS/MA Graduates who come back and enroll in additional graduate coursework towards a masters or graduate certificate. You may receive 33% off tuition for one course per semester by completing the Graduate Alumni Discount Form prior to each semester.
The College of St. Scholastica partners with area healthcare providers to be able to offer St. Scholastica students a professional clinical setting to apply theoretical knowledge to actual practice. Employees at the clinical site, who are providing professional guidance to students, may be eligible for a CSS tuition discount. The employee must be enrolled in an eligible undergraduate or graduate-level program. The 50 percent discount on tuition can be used for up to four undergraduate or graduate-level credits during fall, spring, or summer semesters. The discount cannot be combined with any other college discount, cannot exceed the cost of tuition when combined with other CSS financial aid and cannot be used in conjunction with the Benedictine Health Care Facility Employee Discount.
If you are employed at least .8 with a Benedictine Health Care Facility, you may be eligible for a 15 percent tuition discount at the College of St. Scholastica. The 15 percent discount applies to any number of credits at the undergraduate or graduate levels for fall, spring, or summer semesters. The discount pertains to employees only and does not extend to family members. The discount can not be combined with other discounts and cannot exceed the cost of tuition when combined with other CSS financial aid.
St. Scholastica is dedicated to providing our students with the intellectual and moral preparation for responsible living and meaningful work. Many organizations and businesses provide opportunities for such work and are tightly aligned with our own mission. In an effort to support both the organization and its employees, we've developed the Meaningful Work Award.
Some employers help pay the cost of continuing education for their employees. Please check with your Human Resources department to see if they offer this benefit.
If you receive employer reimbursement and have completed your FAFSA to receive financial aid, you must notify the financial aid office of the amount of employer reimbursement you are receiving each semester. Please send an email to email@example.com with your name, student ID number and the dollar amount you will receive from your employer for each semester you are attending.
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BT has confirmed that it is on track to have 500,000 wi-fi hotspots across the capital in time for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.
The telco, which is also the official communication services partner for the Games, has said that there could be more 'potential' wi-fi users in any one place, than any other event before.
It is hoped that a dense wi-fi network across the Olympic park will ease congestion on the mobile phone networks, as it is expected that this will be the most data-intensive Games yet. In Beijing 20 percent of the traffic on the network was video and 80 percent was other data, whilst in London this is set to change to 80 percent video and 20 percent other data.
There will be approximately 1,000 access points across nine Olympic venues, including the Olympic Stadium, the Aquatics Centre, the Velodrome and across all public areas of the Olympic Park in East London.
"This is fantastic news for the millions of visitors coming to the capital to enjoy this incredible summer of sport, but even better news for London's businesses who will continue to reap the benefits of this boost to the city's ever-expanding digital infrastructure long after the Games are over," said Boris Johnson, Mayor of London.
Access to the network will be free for BT broadband customers, whilst those wishing to purchase wi-fi vouchers will be able to do so online.
Now read: Atos tests for Olympics


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Grinding our own wheat...is it worth the heat?
I recently had relatives visit from Atlanta. They think I am a little whacky to be baking my own bread (even if they enjoyed it immensely). I can handle it. I know this is the best thing for us right now. The part that is discouraging, is they suggested that I do not grain my own flour - that everyone she knows that has done that has gone extreme in her opinion.
I am now discouraged from trying this. I keep reading about how healthy it is, and I am wondering if any of you who have taken on this extra step have any regrets. My oldest son (14) yesterday walked into the kitchen, sliced a piece of homemade sourdough, and said "Mom - your bread baking is the best thing that ever happened to me". He was teasing of course, and trying to flatter me, but the pleasure I have provided from my new found culinary hobby of simple bread baking is astounding. We eat much less junk - my husband has lost weight even though he gets his food cravings satisfied. A simple piece of toast with avocado and garden fresh tomatoes is enough to satisfy any food craving.
What do you think flour millers? Is it worth the abuse from the naysayers?


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Faculty of Applied Health & Community Studies
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Pilon School of Business
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Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences
In the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, you'll join a vibrant, interdisciplinary community that gives you a transformative and eclectic educational experience.
Programs & Courses
At Sheridan you'll learn to apply knowledge creatively and build a successful future. Our wide array of programs and courses can help you do that – discover for yourself why more than 80% of graduates* are satisfied with the quality of their Sheridan education.
Pathways & Transfers
Our Pathways initiative allows you to use existing credentials and experience towards new qualifications. Supported by Sheridan's academic and career advisory services, you can now get the qualifications for the career you want more easily than ever.
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Personal interest or professional gain? Quick skills upgrade or complete career change? Bring your passions to Sheridan, and we'll give you an education that gets you further.
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text: Is it possible that just a few stamps could effortlessly express affection, appreciation, and fondness? We say it is, which is why we made this stamp set for you. Plus, who doesn't love roses?Our clear-mount stamps * Are made of the same premium rubber as our wood-mount stamps.* Have deeply etched images so you get a superior stamped impression each time. * Are precut so you don't have to trim.* Are repositionable; temporarily mount them on clear blocks for stamping, then remove them for storage.* Save space—you need only one set of blocks for all your clear-mount stamps (blocks sold separately). * Come packaged in cases with images on the spine for easy storage and quick reference.Quantity: 6 rubber stampsSuggested clear blocks (sold separately): a, b, c, e


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WAG 22-01-01-e.
A Personal Identification Number (PIN) is required to process Link card transactions. The customer selects their own PIN after they get their Link card by contacting the Illinois Link Help Line or going to the Link Card website.
The customer can also obtain a PIN from the FCRC. The FCRC can issue a PIN Pack(et). FCRC should issue a PIN Pack(et) when the customer has a language barrier, is elderly, or is unable to use the phone system or website to select their PIN.
The PIN may be changed at any time after initial issuance. It is not required to change a PIN when replacing a Link card, although the customer may wish do so if there is a possibility their PIN has been compromised.
A PIN Pack(et) must be issued by the FCRC when:
A PIN can also be issued by the FCRC with a PIN Pack(et) when a card is issued by the FCRC.


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The Green Technology Center (GTC) is a government affiliated research institute under the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) that provides national green technology R&D policies and coordinates related domestic/international organizations to support sustainable development of other countries based on green/climate change technologies. GTC serves as Korea's gateway for global green technology cooperation, as it connects developed and developing countries for growth and diffusion of green technology and strategies.
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Capacity building and training
A country cannot mitigate or adapt to climate change without first strengthening skills and the knowledge to do so. The CTCN works with network members and local stakeholders to provide information, training and support to build and/or strengthen the capacity of developing countries to identify, maintain and adapt climate technology solutions. Capacity building and training can enable decision-makers to initiate change on local and national level. As part of this effort, the CTCN strives to develop analytical tools, policies and best practices for country-driven climate mitigation and adaptation. Below you will find related publications, partners, CTCN technical assistance, technologies and other information for exploring this topic further.


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Statistics provide an interesting, and at times conflicting, view of the state of our state. It is strong, except where it is weak. Job growth is both steady and sluggish. Unemployment is down ... and up. In other words, the state of our state is debatable - and not just because it's an election year.
Statistics provide an interesting, and at times conflicting, view of the state of our state.
It is strong, except where it is weak.
Job growth is both steady and sluggish.
Unemployment is down ... and up.
In other words, the state of our state is debatable - and not just because it's an election year.
"We give Ohio the letter grade of B, and we think it will probably be a B-plus or an A-minus by the time we finish the year," said Jim Russell, a senior vice president for U.S. Bank in Cincinnati.
An annual Dispatch review of some key economic indicators shows that the past three years have been among Ohio's best job-growth periods in more than two decades. And yet 2013 was one of the state's worst years for jobs and unemployment since the recovery from the Great Recession began.
The State of the State speech that Gov. John Kasich delivers on Monday night in Medina will show a decidedly different Ohio than the one being portrayed by likely Democratic gubernatorial challenger Ed FitzGerald, and the diverging sets of data are a reason.
During the past three years, Ohio has added 143,500 jobs, reduced the number of unemployed by 122,780 and trimmed a full 2 percentage points off its unemployment rate, according to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Weekly wages have gone up 10.1 percent for Ohioans, compared with a U.S. average of 6.6 percent. And the state's housing market has experienced year-over-year growth every month for a record 30 consecutive months, according to the Ohio Association of Realtors.
But in 2013, Ohio's unemployment rate rose from 6.7 percent to 7.2 percent - higher than the national rate of 6.6 percent and the highest year-to-year increase in the U.S. Nearly 31,000 people were added to the unemployment rolls.
Ohio added 25,600 jobs for the year - 22nd-most in the country - but Ohio is the seventh-largest state. When job growth is measured as a percentage of the state's workforce, Ohio ranked 45th in 2013.
Weekly wages might be up in Ohio, but at $769.35, the Ohio average wage is still $58.21 below the national average.
"Increases in average wages directly translate into increases in the quality of life for the people earning those wages," said Edward "Ned" Hill, a conservative Cleveland State University economist. "But can you declare hosanna victory, the economic challenges in the state of Ohio are over with? No."
* * *
Lee McPheters is an economics professor and director of research at Arizona State University's W.P. Carey School of Business - the entity responsible for the ranking that shows Ohio was 45th in the U.S. in job growth last year.
The Carey school's formula is simple: Take the number of jobs added in a year and divide by the number of workers the state had when the year began.
McPheters said looking at job growth based on percentages is a better way to determine how one state is performing compared with its peers, but he also said that it can be harder for a larger state such as Ohio to climb in those rankings.
With 5.2 million people working, a population of more than 11 million and an economic portfolio that is still heavily reliant on manufacturing, McPheters said, "to show a growth rate of 2 or 3 percent, you really need there to be a boom."
"Ohio really has to kind of compare itself to the national average rather than to these 4 and 5 percent growth states," said McPheters, noting that North Dakota experienced the largest growth rate in the U.S. - 4 percent - largely because of its oil-and-gas drilling boom.
The national average rate of growth last year was 1.6 percent. Ohio's growth rate was 0.48 percent.
"With 5 million people working, 26,000 new jobs is certainly a very good number, but it represents only one-half of 1 percent growth," McPheters said. "In comparison, Ohio is growing so much slower than the nation as a whole."
* * *
Ohio usually grows more slowly than the country. In fact, since the Carey school began tracking state-by-state job growth by percentage in 1991, Ohio's highest ranking was 17th in 2011. The state's average ranking is 38th. Only three times did Ohio outpace the U.S. in job growth during that time, most recently in 2010.
Russell, the U.S. Bank vice president who gives Ohio a B grade with an upward projection, said the state stands to gain from its heavy reliance on manufacturing as more big companies look to bring their overseas operations back to the U.S. Last year, Ohio added 4,900 manufacturing jobs and set a state record with $50.5 billion in exports.
The state added 1,300 auto-related jobs in 2013.
"I do think this will be another good year for Detroit, and I'm very cognizant of the relationships, especially in northern Ohio, with Detroit," Russell said.
The state also added about 8,800 jobs related to oil-and-gas fracking during the past three years - mostly in far eastern Ohio and well below some early estimates. Russell expects the number of those jobs to increase.
Hill, at Cleveland State, said there was "irrational exuberance over the shale play in the eastern part of the state," but he thinks Ohio's direction is improving because of a reliance on traditional industry and an attempt to diversify.
A record 89,735 new-business filings were recorded last year with Ohio's secretary of state.
"I'm seeing very good rebound in the manufacturing sector of the state, which is important," Hill said, "and I am beginning to see some investments across the state, which is important"
* * *
Kasich is expected to address poverty in his speech on Monday night, and experts say poverty in Ohio isn't getting better.
Nearly half of Ohio's schoolchildren receive government-subsidized lunches this year, virtually unchanged over the past four years. According to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey, the family poverty rate for Ohio held steady at 12 percent in 2011 and 2012 - the most recent data available.
More poor people are gaining access to health care through the continuing expansion of Ohio's Medicaid program, which Kasich promoted, but thousands fewer are receiving cash assistance.
"Certainly the economy is still rough for a lot of low-income people in the state," said John Honeck, director of public policy for the Center for Community Solutions in Columbus. "We don't have enough jobs, and given that situation, we think there needs to be more investment in public programs to help (the poor) sustain a decent living and in the long run lift them out of poverty.
"I am very hopeful that the governor will have some major announcements in the workforce-development arena - either some new resources or better alignment in the programs to help people get the skills they need to move up in the workforce."


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The Uncertainties of Particular State Incentives to Business
Why Some State Incentives for Business Work—And Others Don't
A $46 million Connecticut deal with a pharmaceutical company meant spending $230,000 per new job.
By TOM FOLEY AND BEN ZIMMER
Every state does it, to one degree or another: pays incentives to private companies to keep jobs in-state. Supporters say this is necessary for job creation, detractors call it corporate welfare, and nationwide it costs more than $80 billion a year. So when are such incentives sound economic policy, and when do they merely serve certain firms, lobbyists and politicians?
Jobs created with incentives are good when they are net contributors to the economy. They are bad—handouts, effectively—when the incentives cost the state more than the jobs contribute back to the economy.
The Connecticut Policy Institute has identified three criteria for determining when job incentives go from good to bad:
• Does the total cost of the incentive exceed the amount that would be paid back through incremental tax revenues over 10 years? In most states, this threshold is crossed when the total cost of the incentive rises above 50% of the annual compensation for jobs kept or created.
• Do the incentives provide only for jobs that would not otherwise come to the state, or would otherwise leave?
• Do the incentives promote jobs that will remain viable and stay in-state after the incentives expire?
Some state incentive programs meet these criteria. In October 2012, Kentucky offered Berry Plastics $10 million to refurbish and reopen a manufacturing plant in Madisonville, about 150 miles southwest of Louisville. Berry committed to bring 400 jobs to Kentucky, a reasonable rate of $25,000 per job. The plant had closed in 2011 because the products it produced could be more competitively produced elsewhere. But the refurbished plant will produce a different product that can be competitively produced in Kentucky.
Most incentive programs aren't so effective. In 2011, Connecticut agreed to pay The Jackson Laboratory, a genetics research institute, $300 million in exchange for a promise to bring 300 new jobs to Connecticut. That cost a whopping $1 million per job. The same year, Connecticut paid Alexion Pharmaceuticals $46 million to commit to hiring 200 new employees. At $230,000 per job, this still far exceeds the threshold for a sound investment in the state's economy.
In 2007, Michigan announced a film-industry incentive program that would reimburse 50% of production costs spent in the state. The program brought hundreds of jobs to Michigan, according to local records, but when the incentives expired in 2011 the movie producers relocated and the jobs disappeared.
Incentive programs can be problematic even when not targeted at particular companies or industries. Oklahoma's Small Business Capital Formation Incentive Act provides a 20% tax credit for investments in Oklahoma small businesses. In 2009, reported the Oklahoma Tax Commission, the program cost the state $17 million but generated only 21 new jobs.
Connecticut recently passed a Job Expansion Tax Credit awarding businesses a subsidy of up to $32,000 per employee for every new hire between Jan. 1, 2012 and Jan. 1, 2014. This subsidy will induce businesses to hire some employees they otherwise wouldn't, but much of the cost will be wasted paying companies for hires they would have made anyway. Meanwhile, there is no guarantee that any of the new employees will still have jobs once the subsidy expires three years after their date of hire.
If many job incentives are poor public investments, why do states get away with offering them? Because good policy and good politics are often at odds. Politicians want to be re-elected, and a solid record on nominal job growth—regardless of the cost—tends to be more important to officials' re-election prospects than is the prudent management of public funds. That is one reason most such programs are structured to yield job creation immediately while deferring the cost of the incentive into the future—preferably when other politicians will be in office.
State competition for jobs should be a good thing that promotes fiscal stability, low tax rates, dynamic labor markets, balanced regulatory environments and responsible investment in infrastructure and human capital. These—and not one-time tax breaks—are the factors that are most likely to attract employers and drive good jobs policy.
Mr. Foley, the 2010 Republican nominee for governor of Connecticut, is founder of the Connecticut Policy Institute, of which Mr. Zimmer is executive director.
Last edited by La literatura; 02-09-2013 at 01:19 AM..
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OK. What's your take since you are the OP?
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I am not totally against tax subsidies to bring in new business to an area. Does it really cost a municipality to bring in jobs because they are giving tax breaks to a company to set up shop there? To say that it cost $XXX per job via tax breaks seems disengenious to me. Doesn't make sense to say that something cost them when they didn't have the tax revenue in the first place, and probably wouldn't have landed the jobs in the area without the tax subsidies. I could be misunderstanding how the whole thing works though.
What I don't like about it is that this practice seems inorganic to me, which is why it doesn't always seem to pay off. How about investing some of those tax subsidies in already established small to medium businesses so they can expand their operations therefore stimulating the local economy with jobs, increased tax revenue (based on increased productivity), and improvements in the current municipal infrastructure. Seems like it could raise the standard of living and employment levels for the community without the huge risk of a larger company pulling out after a couple of years.
Like I said, I may not be seeing the whole picture. Article gave me something to think about.
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Re: the Jackson Laboratory subsidies mentioned in the OP:
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The 'forgivable loan' part would be interesting to know what the terms are. Is it forgiven if they stay there for 10 years and employ at least 300 people during that time, as they agreed? I would think it would be something along those lines.
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Book Tour and Activities on the Go!
About the Destinations:
This tour of 7 nights / 8 days to Greece and Turkey Greece will offer the best of both the worlds to you. While in Istanbul, the capital city of Turkey, you can meander through the charismatic lanes of the city and also witness its local life, markets and some of the major tourist attractions. Over the tour, you will also be cruising across the Bosphorus Strait that separate Europe and Asia.
Athens, the next destination on the will help you in discovering one of the oldest cities in the world. This part of the tour includes excursion to places near Athens where you can discover Ancient Greece alongside the new city.
Duration of the Tour: 7N/8D
Meal Types: Daily Breakfast, 2 Lunches – Excursion from Athens
Activities: Sightseeing, Leisure Activities, One-Day Cruise Tours
Maximum Altitude: if info not given, a small research will provide this info
Temperature Range: 50-90°F
Turkey one country that is a fusion of both Middle Eastern and European characteristics. Well known for its historical heritage and scenic beauties, it is only one country in the entire world that sprawls across two continents – Asia and Europe.
The historic city of Istanbul is gradually evolving as the 'Next' major tourist hot-spot destination. Bordered by Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn on three sides, Istanbul, holds the honour of being the capital three great empires, the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman empires.
Turkey tour package provides you with an opportunity of exploring the impressive art & architecture, culinary and culture of this amazing country. Delight in an international vacation experience like never before with an Istanbul tour package.
About the Activity with Details:
With Turkey tour package, get ready for an international trip of a lifetime! Well, no matter how much you see pictures or read about it, there is no better way of experiencing the grandeur of Istanbul than by visiting and watching it Live.
Indulge in an amazing tour through the old city of Sultanahmet in Istanbul. Cruise along the magical Bosphorus River. Experience the blend of both Asian and European cultures right here. Indulge in various adventure activities like hot air balloon ride. Well, you just can't miss the exotic cuisine of Turkey. The list is long, these are just the glimpses what this country holds for you.
Get ready to make some good memories and brace up to get these wonderful moments imprinted on your mind forever. As you are about to take a trip to one of the most majestic place on earth – Turkey.
Meal Types: Vegetarian & Non- Vegetarian
Duration: 9D/8N
Activities: History, Culture, Adventure, Photography, Local cuisine, Boutique Stays
Difficulty Level: Moderate
About the Activity:
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What is Premiere Pro?
Premiere Pro is a powerful, customizable, nonlinear video editor that lets you edit your way. Import and combine virtually any type of media, from video shot on a phone to raw 5K and higher resolution footage, and then edit it in its native format without wasting time transcoding. The app offers a sleek, highly intuitive user interface, a customizable timeline, numerous editing shortcuts, and robust media management options. And because real-time performance is critical for rich, complex sequences, Premiere Pro delivers the fastest solution in the industry. The Adobe Mercury Playback Engine supports most formats, and you can use multiple GPU cards to accelerate render and export times.
Premiere Pro is part of Adobe Creative Cloud, so you can keep your favorite settings, keyboard shortcuts, and workspace layouts in sync, on any machine, in any edit bay in the world. Plus, you get access to all the latest updates and future releases the moment they're available. Learn more about Creative Cloud.
Where can I learn more about new features?
See the What's New page for details. Also see these videos for a general overview and a deep-dive walkthrough of the new features.
How does Premiere Pro compare with earlier versions?
What are the minimum system requirements to run Premiere Pro?
Does Premiere Pro support high-resolution Retina display?
Do I need a specific graphics card to get faster performance when using the GPU-accelerated features?
Yes, the Mercury Playback Engine brings performance gains to all the graphics cards listed in the Premiere Pro system requirements. GPU acceleration makes the creative process more fluid and speeds up rendering for faster output. Adobe continually evaluates new cards for support. Learn more ›
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Does Premiere Pro support the hardware, camera, and other software I use?
Premiere Pro supports a broad range of hardware and software for Mac OS and Windows, so you can choose from a range of workstations and capture cards to build the editing system that meets your needs and budget. Enhance your system with more plug-ins, including many from Adobe After Effects. Premiere Pro works with a variety of third-party hardware, including capture cards and decks. Check third-party hardware compatibility for the most current listing of supported hardware.
With comprehensive video format compatibility, you can work with the formats you want, including natively editing files from the latest tapeless formats without transcoding or rewrapping. Edit all standard- or high-definition formats, from DV and HDV to HD and beyond. Some formats could require extra hardware.
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What happens if I have downloaded a trial in the past and not bought the Premiere Pro product? Can I download a trial version again?
Do I require After Effects if I want to use After Effects created Motion Graphics templates in Premiere Pro?
Yes. If you don't have After Effects installed, you see an error message saying, 'This Motion Graphics
template was created in After Effects. To use this template in Premiere Pro, please install After Effects (trial or license) and retry. Learn more at adobe.com/go/mgt.
To use Motion Graphics templates created in After Effects, you need a trial or licensed version of After Effects installed on your computer. If you are a Creative Cloud subscriber, you already have a license of After Effects. Download it from your Creative Cloud application. If you have a Single-App license of Premiere Pro, a paid license of After Effects is not required, you can install the trial version of After Effects. After your trial has expired, your After Effects Motion Graphics template still works as long as you leave the expired trial installed or install a paid version of After Effects. Do not uninstall the expired trial. For more information, see Motion Graphics templates/Common Questions.
How can I purchase Premiere Pro?
How can I get started with Premiere Pro?
Check out Premiere Pro Learn & Support to get started, with video and step-by-step-tutorials as well as comprehensive product support from Adobe and our knowledgeable community.


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GSI has also signed the deal is for 24 V80 2MW turbines for a project in Huitengxile, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The turbines are set to be delivered by the end of the year.
Vestas did not give an indication of when the 250MW supply agreement was set to expire. It only said the project would be developed "in the coming years."
According to Vestas, GSI is a privately-owned company with interests in the finanicial sector.
This is the second 100MW+ deal Vestas has signed in China this week. Yesterday, it announced an unnamed customer had ordered 100MW (50 V90 2MW machines) for Shandong Province, China.


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Subscribe To Here's Why Peter Jackson Can't Make More Tolkien Adaptations (Even If He Wanted To) Updates
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This past weekend Peter Jackson's The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug absolutely destroyed at the domestic box office, earning an impressive $73 million in its opening. The great success continues a long-established trend of Middle-earth movies doing well in theaters, and it has caused many to begin thinking about the future. Next year will bring The Hobbit: There And Back Again to cinemas everywhere and seemingly end J.R.R. Tolkien's time on the big screen, but is there any way we could see more after that? The sad reality is that chances are slim.
Ever since the release of the Lord of the Rings trilogy, a conflict has brewed between the author's estate and Warner Bros., New Line, and Jackson, both over the creative content of the movie and the financial distribution. Years and years of dispute suggest that the future of Middle-earth movies is bleak.
Like many quarrels in Hollywood, the Tolkien/Warner Bros. spat can be narrowed down to an argument about money. Part of the author's estate's contract with the film studio said that a percentage of the profits from any adaptation of Tolkien's work would go back to them, and it became a bit of a controversy following the release of The Lord of The Rings trilogy. The three movies made a reported $2.9 billion at the global box office, but when those box office totals were combined with project's expenses, the studio claimed that the movie didn't make a profit – thus reportedly shortchanging the Tolkien estate. In an interview with Le Monde back in 2012, Tolkien Estate lawyer Cathleen Blackburn recounted, "These hugely popular films apparently did not make any profit! We were receiving statements saying that the producers did not owe the Tolkien Estate a dime."
This isn't an entirely rare thing in Hollywood. In 2010, a net profit statement for Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (another Warner Bros. film) was leaked and reported that despite the movie's $934 million box office take, the studio actually lost $167 million when the final calculations were made.
In early 2008, the Tolkiens took Warner Bros. to court over the 7.5% that they believed that they were due, but the two sides settled out of court in September 2009.
The feud between the estate and the studio grew hotter in July 2012, and the future of the Middle-earth franchise beyond The Hobbit trilogy received what could easily be conceived as a death blow. Christopher Tolkien, the son of J.R.R. Tolkien and the editor his father's posthumously published work The Silmarillion, did an interview with Le Monde and had nothing nice to say about Peter Jackson's adaptations of the Lord of the Rings trilogy. Asked about meeting with the director, Tolkien told the interviewer:
"They gutted the book, making an action movie for 15-25 year olds. And it seems that The Hobbit will be of the same ilk. Tolkien became...devoured by his popularity and absorbed by the absurdity of the time. The gap widened between the beauty, the seriousness of the work, and what it has become is beyond me. This level of marketing reduces to nothing the aesthetic and philosophical significance of this work."
As you might imagine, that quote got back to the filmmaker. Later that month, The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey was part of the Warner Bros. panel at San Diego Comic-Con and Jackson and many members of the cast were in attendance. During the question and answer portion of the presentation, Jackson was asked by a fan if there was any chance he would direct an adaptation of The Silmarillion after the end of the Hobbit movies, and the director quickly shut the idea down. He explained:
"I don't think the Tolkien estate liked those films. I don't think The Silmarillion will go anywhere for quite a long time."
The Silmarillion is a book that was published after Tolkien's death and is a collection of all the author's works and narratives that tie together to create the history of Middle-earth and the world found in both The Hobbit and the Lord of the Rings trilogy. Unlike those books, however, the rights to The Silmarillion still belong to the Tolkien estate. If the estate and the studio were to ever make peace, the movie could happen, but it doesn't look like that's really a possibility.
Despite the fact that The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug is in theaters now, the most recent cause for dispute between the Tolkiens and Warner Bros. hasn't actually been about movies. Instead it's been about that other great Hollywood profit avenue: merchandising. In November 2012 the estate filed an $80 million lawsuit against Warner Bros., its New Line subsidiary and Lord of the Rings/Hobbit rights holder Saul Zaentz Co. claiming that the studio's creation of an online slot machine violated their agreement to create only tangible – not digital – merchandise based on the books.
The case took an odd turn in March 2013 when Warner Bros. actually countersued the Tolkien estate, claiming that the previous lawsuit caused them to "miss out on millions of dollars of licensing opportunities." The Tolkien estate tried to get a judge to dismiss the claims, saying that it was just a distraction technique to hide the original lawsuit, but then in July the complaint was thrown out and the case has been allowed to continue.
The Tolkien estate and Warner Bros. have been fighting for so long now that it's hard to imagine that they could reconcile their differences to allow future Middle-earth movies. Until then, we'll just have to enjoy the ones we've gotten.


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On most days, Tony Wheeler of Arnold is a guide for a company that offers historic tours in Maryland. But on Sunday, Wheeler became part of history himself.
Wheeler, wearing a top hat and early 19th-century attire, joined hundreds of volunteers at the Maryland Historical Society in Baltimore to help sew a reproduction of the original Star-Spangled Banner.
"This is the first time I sewed in my life," said Wheeler, 78, after adding his stitch to the hem of the flag.
The project is part of events marking the bicentennial of the War of 1812. The society is reproducing the Star-Spangled Banner, using fabric and stitching similar to the banner that flew over Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore in 1814 and inspired Francis Scott Key's lyrics for what became the national anthem.
The original flag was commissioned in 1813 by Maj. George Armistead, commander at Fort McHenry. Flag maker Mary Pickersgill and a handful of helpers completed the 30-by-42 foot banner in six weeks.
The historical society is trying to meet a similar deadline and expects to complete the work Aug. 22. The plan, weather permitting, is to fly the flag at the Defenders' Day celebration at Fort McHenry on Sept. 14. Defenders' Day commemorates the defense of Baltimore on Sept. 12, 1814.
Kristin Schenning, director of education at the society, has overseen the project. She said she started by getting a copy of the conservation report from the Smithsonian Institution, which restored the original flag in the 1990s. The report described how the cloth was woven, how many threads it had per inch — 17 — and how the flag was sewn.
The next step was to find wool bunting, the kind of material used in the original.
"People really don't make it any more," said Schenning, noting that most flags are now made of more durable nylon.
Family Heirloom Weavers in Red Lion, Pa., agreed to make the wool bunting. Schenning then turned to local quilting clubs to find about 200 volunteers to do the bulk of the sewing. The original flag had at least 150,000 stiches, she said.
For two days this month, the public has been invited to come to the historical society and work on the flag. Volunteers first demonstrate how to sew, then each person is allowed to add a single stich. More than 1,000 visitors have had a hand in the project.
"They have a sense of ownership for the flag," Schenning said.
"The most gratifying thing is when people come in to make a stitch, they are so excited," said Della LeConte, one of the volunteers from Ellicott City.
"We saw the original earlier this summer at the Smithsonian, so this is exciting to come and be part of this one," said Carrie Blough, curator of the Historical Society of Frederick County, who was accompanied Sunday by her husband.
Blough grew up learning to sew from her mother, a seamstress. But Blough's husband, Daryl Hasse, said his needlework experience is limited.
"I didn't stick myself so that was a good thing," said Hasse, a chef, after finishing his stitch.
Volunteers and visitors worked under bright lights Sunday on the flag, stretched across a long table.
Pat Reber, a food historian from Ellicott City, imagined it would be much harder in Pickersgill's time.
"It would be awkward. It would be dark. You would be squinting," she said. "And there were only six of them."
Kristi Elkner came from Marietta, Pa., to volunteer, stitching on a star, stripe and the flag's hem. Elkner said Pickersgill and her helpers likely didn't realize the importance of the work.
"We have the luxury of looking back and seeing what they did," she said. "I don't know if they felt it was going to last forever. People just made flags."
Burt Kummerow, president of the historical society, said the project makes people feel history.
"We struck a nerve," he said. "It's the old Tom Sawyer thing. He got people to white wash the fence; this is a lot cooler than that."
Several local celebrities, including politicians such as Baltimore Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake and Rep. John Sarbanes, have sewn a stitch, too.
"We had the Orioles' bird. He had a tough time stitching," Kummerow said.
Schenning said after Defenders' Day celebration, the historical society plans to take the flag around the state to other bicentennial events.
The project was financed in part by a campaign that raised $11,300. The historical society also is working on a smaller flag replica that it plans to raffle off. Those proceeds will help pay for the giant reproduction to travel nationwide, Schenning said.


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We're very pleased to unveil a new venue which will be rocking the William's Green area at this year's Festival. Here's what the organisers have to say about Bourbon Street…
Bourbon Street Jazz 'n' Blues – we are Big and we are Easy…
Party animal? Dancing queen? Fancy a tipple? If the answer to any of these is yes (and we're sure it is) then Bourbon Street Jazz 'n' Blues is the venue for you. With our endless array of drinks, an atmosphere to die for and more talent than you can shake a stick at you'd have to be down-right daft not to get involved. Forget everything you think you know about jazz 'n' blues… this is the real thing.
The Music
At Bourbon Street our weapon of choice is jazz 'n' blues, and no, we're not talking about dull, repetitive, sit down jazz 'n' blues. We're talking about an atmosphere alive with the sound of sexy saxophones, rolling drum beats and dirty bass lines designed to get you dancing, with a few smooth grooves thrown in for good measure. Genres like Filthy Swing, Jump Jive and Texas Boogie Blues are just some of the funky styles that await you here at Bourbon Street. Do not miss out!
The Bar
Here at Bourbon Street Jazz 'n' Blues we take pride in the fact that we are offering you one of the most authentic experiences on site. Our watering hole is modelled on an original Bourbon Street bar straight out of New Orleans and features more than twenty different delicious bourbons, plus ice cold beers, fine champagnes, fresh ground coffee and a selection of signature cocktails including the 'Hurricane' and the 'Hand Grenade' to help make your visit to Bourbon Street the best you make all weekend.
The Line-up
Wednesday (All acts acoustic)
Dave Arcari
Bex Marshall
Charley Macaulay
Leon O'Doherty
Aynsley Lister Band
King King
Jacqui Wicks & The Cliff Brown Band
Scott McKeon
Ben Martin
Bex Marshall Band
Nicola Farnon
Dave Arcari
The Dizzy Club
Stephen Dale Petit
Kubla Khan
Oli Brown
Nicola Farnon
Aynsley Lister Band
Alpha Manouvre
Wagon Train
Oli Brown
Wagon Train
Marcus Bonfanti
The Dizzy Club
Top Shelf Jazz
Brigitte DeMeyer
Carmen Ghia & The Hotrods (pictured, above)
Bex Marshall Band
Alpha Manouvre
Top Shelf Jazz
Carmen Ghia & The Hotrods (pictured, above)
Brigitte DeMeyer
Ben Martin
Sandi Thom
All Star Gospel Session
The podcasts
With the permission of our artists, we've put together two free podcasts to give you a taste of what to expect from Bourbon Street.
New Orleans art at Bourbon Street
Bourbon Street Jazz 'n' Blues will be featuring fantastic artwork depicting atmospheric scenes of the original New Orleans street, provided by artist and jazz and blues enthusiast, Diane Millsap.
Her vibrant, colourful and inspirational images will be displayed around the venue allowing audiences to witness the true beauty of the Big Easy whilst enjoying some incredible music and some tasty drinks.