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Hello Bakers,
I have not posted in ages and I am so sorry. Work completely engulfed me. Who would think that one small pastry case could take up so much time. My ambition and baking vanity are also part of the issue. I work hard to keep the offerings interesting and new. It's a balance of retaining tried and true favorites and adding new and interesting items.
And then there was Thanksgiving. We sold pies and cakes out of the pastry case and that was such a success that before Christmas there was an order for 180 pies - 90 pumpkin and 90 apple...another reason I have not been posting. I am over pumpkin for a while.
I truly dislike making excuses so I am going to stop. Today's recipe is something quick and easy. We are in the final countdown for Christmas and New Year's. You are probably rushed off your feet. There is always one more party, pot luck or event to bake for and if you are reading this blog, I know you hate to bring anything store bought. Never, right - it would kill you.
Today's recipe can be put together in 15 minutes and bakes for 25. And you probably have the ingredients in your refrigerator and pantry.
Cheese sticks - that's right quick and easy cheese sticks - no turns - no chilling - nothing - just mix and bake. Not one person I have served these too has been able to eat just one.
This recipe came out of my teaching at Sur La Table here in Los Angeles. Most of the time, I teach baking classes so I like to make something savory for the snack we serve our students - to balance out all the sugar but still have it be a bake.
These have become a favorite and I have gotten several requests for the recipe. So here it is. I hope you try it. And to my Sur La Table students - I apologize that it took me so long to post this recipe. Finally here it is.
Let me know if you have questions and let me know how your Baking is going.
Happy Baking!
Quick and Easy Cheese Sticks
Yield: 18-20
Recipe can be doubled
Mixer fitted with the paddle attachment
Or a large bowl if mixing these by hand* (mixing by hand direction follow)
Rolling pin
Pastry cutter or pizza wheel
Half sheet tray lined with parchment paper
5 1/3 ounces (151g) Sharp cheddar cheese, shredded (I used Kerrygold)
3 ounces (85g) Parmesan, Asiago or Grana Padana, grated
4.5 ounces (128g) All Purpose flour (I used King Arthur) or KA's gluten free flour.
¾ teaspoon Salt
A pinch (2-3 grinds) of Fresh ground black pepper
1/8 – ¼ teaspoon Cayenne pepper or a few drops of Tabasco sauce
3 ounces (85g) Unsalted butter, cubed and chilled
3 ounces (85g) Pecans or walnuts, toasted, chopped fine and cooled.
2-3 ounces (57g-85g) Ice water (this ingredient is the variable – you may not need all of it)
Glaze: I Egg white and 1 teaspoon water beaten with a fork or a small whisk until it is completely smooth. Topping: A little extra Parmesan
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees
1. In the bowl of a stand mixer combine the cheeses, flour, salt, black pepper, cayenne pepper or tabasco sauce.
2. Mix on low speed for one minute to combine.
3. Add the cheese – mix on low speed (1-2) until the butter cuts into the dry ingredients and looks like oatmeal flakes.
4. Add the pecans, mix 30 seconds on low to combine.
5. Add the water – starting with the smaller amount – on low speed until the mixture comes together.
If it looks dry add more water. I used 2 ounces.
The dough should for a rough ball that you can shape with your hands.
6. Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured surface and knead briefly, 10-15 seconds, just until it comes together.
7. Roll out the dough to a 8"x 10" rectangle (between a ½ and ¼ inch thick – 3/16 of an inch to be precise.) Cut the dough in half crosswise and then cut into ½" strips. Place strips on prepared pan.
8. Brush with beaten egg white and sprinkle with a light dusting of Parmesan cheese.
9. Bake at 350 until they are golden brown. Start checking them in 20 minutes – rotate the pan and finish baking. Mine took 26 minutes total.
10. Cheese sticks will keep 2-3 days in an airtight container and up to one month frozen.
Mixing by Hand directions:
1. In a large mixing bowl combine the cheeses, flour, salt, black pepper, cayenne pepper or Tabasco sauce.
2. Use a plastic bowl scraper or pastry blender, toss the dry ingredients together.
3. Add the butter and cut in with the bowl scraper or pastry blender until the butter looks like oatmeal flakes.
4. Add the chopped pecans or walnuts.
5. Add the water – starting with the smaller amount – and mix until the mixture comes together.
If it looks dry add more water. I used 2 ounces – but sometimes when mixing by hand it takes a little more water as the flour particles don't hydrate as rapidly when we are mixing by hand. This is true for most dough that we mix by hand. The dough should form a rough ball that you can shape with your hands.


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PMC Cooks: Tasty Tuna Casserole
When my husband requested tuna casserole for dinner yesterday evening, I didn't want to take the easy way out and just serve up a box of Tuna Helper. Don't get me wrong, I have nothing against Miss Betty Crocker, but since I hadn't cooked in a while I figured I should put in more than minimal effort. The words, "This is better than my mom used to make," might have escaped the husband's cheese covered lips. Or maybe it didn't. I'll add a bit of mystery to this post.
Here's what you'll need:
- 12 oz. Farfalle pasta
- 4 tbsp butter
- 1 small, chopped onion
- 1/4 cup flour
- 1 pint whipping cream
- 1 cup whole milk
- 1 1/2 cup baby peas
- 3/4 cups chopped roasted red peppers
- 1 package chopped Shiitake mushrooms
- 20 oz. tuna packed in oil
- 3/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese
- salt and pepper
- 2 more tbsp butter
- 1/2 cup panko breadcrumbs
- 1/2 tsp crushed red pepper flakes
- pinch or 2 of basil leaves
Here's how to get cookin':
- Prepare your noodles al dente. Set them aside for later.
- Chop your onions and mushrooms separately. Set them aside.
- In a large saucepan, melt 4 tbsp butter for your base. Sautee your onions.
- Add flour and stir. Whisk in your whipping cream and milk. Bring the mixture to a boil until it thickens, then remove from heat.
- Add your pasta, tuna, mushrooms, peppers, cheese, and peas. Season with salt and pepper.
- In a skillet, add the remaining 2 tbsp butter. After it melts, add the breadcrumbs and mix well. Remove from heat.
- Put casserole into six, single serving casserole dishes for portion control, or one large casserole dish. Sprinkle the breadcrumb mixture on top.
- Bake at 425 °F for 15 to 20 minutes.
- Garnish with red pepper flakes and basil leaves
Serve and enjoy!
-Ainslea Hooton-Snellenberger

subset: commoncrawl


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ISTANBUL (Reuters) - The Turkish military carried out airstrikes on Saturday in the southeastern province of Diyarbakir against 16 targets belonging to the outlawed Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), military sources said.
Turkish forces hit shelters and ammunition and food storage facilities, the sources said.
Turkey has been staging regular air strikes against positions of the PKK in mountainous northern Iraq, where it has camps near the Turkish border, and in southeast Turkey since July 2015 after the militants' abandoned a ceasefire.
Security operations inside Turkey have resulted in the deaths of thousands of civilians, soldiers, police and PKK militants.
Reporting by Seyhmus Cakan; Writing by Seda Sezer; Editing by Tom Heneghan


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Examination Copy Request
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To request an examination copy, please email us or fax us with your request. Your request should be on official letterhead or email from a university/college doman and include:
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Pacific succumbed to only their 4th 10 wicket defeat & the 1st since 22/8/97
when on tour against Broadway & Horton in Somerset. This was achieved by
Pacific's inability to make a breakthrough & Miles Picknett & Mark Bullock
putting together their unbroken partnership of 162, reaching the target with
3 overs to spare. Bullock & Picknett forged as solid a partnership as
Pacific had faced all season & with Picknett adding an unbeaten half century
to his 5 wicket haul earlier, thoroughly deserved his man of the match
A delayed start of 45 minutes due to rain did not deter Pacific Captain,
Peter Hollman from batting first. But the sodden outfield & damp pitch meant
scoring freely was difficult. President, John Hill's side was packed full of
batting & lacked recognised strike bowlers, but ultimately, this worked in
his favour as medium pacer Dougal DeKeller, & the spin trio of Joe Phelan,
Miles Picknett & Guy Wiehahn all delivered the ball without pace; thereby
forcing the batsman to create shots.
Nevertheless, Pacific's anchor innings
was built around the Captain & opening bat's Peter Hollman's 75. Around his
innings, there were several modest partnerships, 45 with Jim Davies (19) &
37 with Ted Szuman (15), but modestly it was case of wickets going down as
the new batters struggled with the conditions & either being bowled playing
across the line or getting caught.
Pacific's five pronged pace & seam attack did not break through & Bullock in
particular cut & pulled freely with only the occasional half scare. Although
Darryl Roberts 8-3-15-0 was by far the most economic & Mike Alexander did
his best to contain, nothing went Pacific's way as the odd miss hit or edge
went for runs & mistimed shots dropped safely. That said there were no
dropped chances & given that the ball was so wet that there was no
deviation, the pair did all that the President could ask.
Summary 2001
14 wins 11 draws & 10 defeats.
The target of 20 wins was not sadly achieved, but despite that, the win loss
ratio is good & only 10 defeats in 35 matches is also a solid return.
Additionally, 3 winnings tours incl. the 1st ever 100% in Cambs last month
was a highlight. The 2nd division evening VPCCL title - unbeaten, again a
highpoint. Plus there was the winning of the Lindridge -McDougall Memorial
Cup & making 2 finals - the Islington 6 aside tournament in May & the
Middlesex Cricket Board 200 over KO Barnet Final against Mill Hill.
Notable match winning contributions throughout the season - David Murray the
only centurion back in April against Chats Palace, Tim Mileham's 4-26 v
Chigwell, Darryl Robert's 42* v Palmerston, Jim Davies's 47* v UCS Old Boys
in Hampstead, followed by the following week with 39* with a broken thumb &
Arjen Knottnerus' 48* in the same game. On tour in June Dave Murray with
4-36 & an unbeaten 50 v Devon Dinosaurs. Then Porlock & Leon Yates 63*,
followed the next day by Matthew Ralph 's 6-32 - a devastating spell & the
best figures of the season. Marcel Boonaert's superb spell against Archway
Graces of 4.5 overs 5 wickets for 15 runs when the game should have been
lost. V UCS Old Boys a fine team performance spearheaded by Matt Ralph's
opening spell of 3-21. At Radlett, it was Leon Yates again with 77 around
which the total was built, while back in S Cambs Jim Davies picked up 2-23
off 14 overs & scored 41 & 39*. Then just last week, Miles Picknett's 84*
was the foundation but Lucius Faisal's 3-23 & Marcel Boonaert's 24* where
key features.
So many highpoints overshadow the occasional low. Statistically the best
season for 5 years, but more importantly the emergence of several new key
players that are match winners which bodes superbly well for the future. I'm
already looking forward to 2002.
Between now & then Pacific will be competing in the MCB Indoor 6 a side
tournament commencing later this month.
Thanks for all your support - your interest & coverage has been much
appreciated. At the same time I hope the reports have been of sufficient
Best regards PH
PCC: 160-9 (AO). P Hollman 75. M Picknett 10-0-41-5. G Wiehahn 12-0-43-3.
P XI: 162-0 M Bullock 68, M Picknett 52.
Other matches: Sat 31 Oct 2020, Wray Crescent, Sat 26 Oct 2019, Wray Crescent, Pacific trump the president's men, Sat 27 Oct 2018, Wray Crescent, Won by 137 runs Pacific Pride defeats young Lions, Sun 15 Oct 2017, Wray Crescent, Won by 58 runs Pacific edge tight Presidential race, Sat 29 Oct 2016, Wray Crescent, Won 14 runs Croft and Nair do well to withstand coup, Sat 17 Oct 2015, Wray Crescent, Lost 6 wickets Webley Hits New 'Lights, Sat 18 Oct 2014, Wray Crescent, Drawn Thornton supreme in the rain, Sat 19 Oct 2013, Wray Crescent, Lost 7 runs Presidential race goes to the wire, Sat 20 Oct 2012, Wray Crescent, Won 16 runs Admiral Of The Fleet, Sat 16 Oct 2010, Wray Crescent, Won 17 runs The Final Autumnal Glow, Sat 18 Oct 2008, Wray Crescent, Won 15 Runs Presidential Warming To Musical Accompaniment., Sat 13 Oct 2007, Wray Crescent, Lost 36 runs Presidential (in) Casualty, Sat 14 Oct 2006, Wray Crescent, Lost 2 wickets Infirm Pacific Leave President Phelan as Sick as a Parrot!, Sat 05 Oct 2002, Wray Crescent, Won by 114 runs Sat 07 Oct 2000, Wray Crescent, Abandoned Sat 03 Oct 1998, Wray Crescent, Lost by 5 wkts


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By: Brian Gialketsis
While French philosopher and sociologist Michel Foucault mentions the word "architecture" only 18 times throughout his book Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison, his argument relies heavily on architecture's ability to affect individual prisoners, specifically those captive in versions of Jeremy Bentham's panopticon structure. In the United States between 1840-1940, both the prison system and the system set up to care for the "insane" underwent reforms that aimed to separate the insane from criminal in ideological treatment and classification. The F-Wing of the Illinois Stateville Correctional Center, an example of Bentham's panopticon, and the Northern Illinois Insane Asylum, also known as Elgin Insane Asylum, serve as models for, or representations of, the national treatment and perception of these distinct yet analogous types of captive subjects. Foucault shows the ability of architecture to discipline and exert power over a building's occupants, although the effects of this supposedly reformed architecture often led to harsher disciplinary outcomes than were intended by architects or building planners. A close analysis of contemporary newspaper articles, case studies, pictures, and later-written secondary sources like those by Foucault reveal that the architectural reformers' goals and ideals for prisons and insane asylums began to diverge but similarly had unintended consequences. This caused inmates in each institution to suffer by both today's standards and those of the time and the distinction between criminality and insanity to blur. We can use the successes and shortcomings of past institutional reform movements as models for modern reform movements of America's prison and mental health care institutions, focusing on Foucaultian rehabilitative reform of the individual by granting freedom and fostering individuality rather than reform of the institutions in which they are captive.
The Northern Insane Asylum at Elgin
Elgin Insane Asylum epitomized a new kind of architecture that corresponded with particular goals from building planners and architects, as well as psychologists and sociologists who wanted system reform. On 3 February 1872, the Chicago Daily Tribune illustrated the formal opening of the Northern Insane Asylum, where public officials declared the responsibility of the state to care for the insane, promoted the religious and moral obligation to help those in need, questioned what was driving or causing all of the insanity, and went so far as to say that the American Dream was causing insanity by causing societal and interpersonal stress ("Northern Insane Asylum"). In February of 1872, the Chicago Tribune reported upon the asylum's interior and its treatment of patients, which revealed that patients were classified on a spectrum scale of insanity and provided with as much comfort as was possible without endangering other patients or themselves. Upon touring the facilities at Elgin Insane "Hospital," as it was starting to be publicly called by the end of the nineteenth century, visitors were surprised to find no straitjackets or chains and no rooms in the basement. This illuminates a shift in the treatment of the insane as criminals, or "animals," who are allowed to roam freely in society and are merely considered "different" rather than a subject that is in need of medical supervision, removal from society and confinement, as Foucault puts it in "Madness and Civilization" ("Another Account"; "Madness"). This medicalization of mental illness, according to Foucault, contributed to the equating of criminality with insanity in that both necessitated institutionalization. Foucault writes:
"In the reduction to animality, madness finds both its truth and its cure; when the madman has become a beast, this presence of the animal in man, a presence which constituted the scandal of madness, is eliminated: not that the animal is silenced, but man himself is abolished. In the human being who has become a beast of burden, the absence of reason follows wisdom and its order: madness is then cured, since it is alienated in something which is no less than its truth" ("Madness" 76).
Foucault's subsequent work to Madness and Civilization, "The Birth of the Clinic," remarks on a dehumanizing "medical gaze" imposed by supposed institutions of health. In 1792, at an asylum in Paris, insane inmates were released from their chains, marking a shift from treating the insane like animalistic prisoners to treating them more like human patients.
Some years later, in 1878, a Biennial Report of the Board of Trustees of the Elgin Insane Hospital created a clear distinction between the criminally insane and medically insane, stating that the criminally insane had no place in their institution. The article states, "The habits of the criminal insane are bad, and they exert an unhealthy influence on the other patients" ("Elgin Insane Asylum"). This quotation demonstrates the professionally perceived negative effect of housing criminals with "normal" insane patients, the former referring to the insane who had broken some law due to their insanity, and the latter referring to those benignly seeking medical help before their mental state caused them to formally become criminals. The report also notes of the new Cottage System for the insane by summarizing:
"When the State purchased the site for the hospital there were three farm-houses (two frame and one brick) on the grounds. As appropriation was made by the last Legislature for fitting up two of these houses for the accommodation of from twenty-five to thirty patients on the 'cottage system.' The cottages were first occupied in April, 1878, and are tastefully furnished, and the patients seem to enjoy their enlarged liberties."
On multiple accounts starting in the 1870s, the institution requested funds for improvements to the facilities for the insane ("Elgin Insane Asylum"). This implies that Elgin Insane Asylum was not only undergoing reforms in its architecture, but also more subtly reforming its treatment of inmates.
Reforms: The Transition from the Kirkbride to the Cottage Plan for the Insane at Elgin
The transition from the Kirkbride Plan to the Cottage Plan marks a departure of the architectural intent in treatment of the insane from that of the treatment of prisoners; however, the conditions inside each institution caused comparable psychological suffering. Carla Yanni, a scholar on architecture in Europe and the United States from the 19th century to the present, writes about the transition from the Kirkbride Plan to the Cottage Plan in her book Architecture of Madness: Insane Asylums in the United States. The Kirkbride Plan, also known as the "linear plan," consisted of congregate buildings arranged in a V shape (Yanni 51). AMSAII, or the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane, endorsed the Kirkbride Plan when the association released its architectural guidelines for insane asylums in the United States in 1851, and a publication by Thomas S. Kirkbride for the American Journal of Insanity furthered his plan even more (Yanni 51). Kirkbride's Plan later reached a tipping point and received ample criticism when the Cottage Plan entered the discussion. Rather than the large and institutional-feeling architecture of the Kirkbride Plan, the Cottage Plan proponents advocated for "smaller therapeutic environments", such as farmhouses or cottages, for insane "patients," as they were starting to be called. Some radical insanity care reform activists believed in immersing the insane in the community, as is sometimes done today (Yanni 78).
In her book, social historian of architecture Carla Yanni details the polemical transition from the Kirkbride Plan to the Cottage Plan regarding architecture for insane asylums (Yanni). She reports:
"The Kirkbride plan was the cutting edge of medical architecture in the 1840s and 1850s, and the treatment enacted there, moral management, was similarly forwardlooking. Doctors thought their buildings would operate instrumentally, but they did not always. The AMSAII [Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane] held fast to the Kirkbride plan even while cottages were being constructed in the 1870s and tentative experiments with community care were under way in the 1880s. At the time of the debates between Kirkbride plan proponents and cottage promoters, both groups adhered to a general principle, namely, that an improved environment could enhance people's lives, and moral management was attempted in both architectural types" (Yanni 18).
The notion of "moral management" is crucial in the development of care for the insane. Yanni notes that "asylums and prisons have often been compared by contemporary observers, since both building types exemplify architecture in the service of social control: individuals are managed and categorized through the use of surveillance" (Yanni 45). Yanni underlines the importance of the Foucaultian "power of the gaze" to enforce conformity in society at large and in controlled settings like insane asylums and prisons (Yanni 45). She writes, "Proponents of the segregate plan [or Cottage Plan] devalued architecture as part of the treatment of insanity… But in the nineteenth century, congregate hospitals dominated" (Yanni 104). The social historian explains regarding Kirkbride's plan and thinking about the insane:
"Kirkbride was devoted to moral treatment, which required a change of daily habits— regular schedules were intended to make patients internalize self-control….Patients would live a regimented life, eat healthy food, get exercise, avoid the vicious city, and visit daily with the superintendent or his wife, the official matron of the institution. Additional principles included that patients should be unchained, granted respect, encouraged to perform occupational tasks (such as farming, carpentry, or laundry), and allowed to stroll the grounds with an attendant" (Yanni 38).
Reforms in the architecture and design of insane asylums marked a change in the types of institutions that housed insane patients but not necessarily a total annihilation of institutions. In this new model, landscape architecture and nature played a vital role. In 1894, an inspection of Elgin revealed peeling ceiling paint and tattered facilities in need of repair. The article also draws attention to the importance of pleasant aesthetics and landscape architecture in the treatment, or convalescence, of insanity ("Inspect Elgin's"). Influential asylum doctor John S. Butler sent a letter to Frederick Law Olmstead declaring that the "hybrid" Cottage Plan, or "segregate plan," served to "kill out the lunatic asylum." Yanni argues that the segregate plan merely hinted at community-based care, but it was really just a different form of institutional care (Yanni 79). I will address modern "transinstitutionalization" later in the paper (Montross).
This institutional care may be perceived as negative but was much less physical and control-oriented than previous ideology surrounding care for the insane; instead, it emphasized liberation within the limits of discipline and safety. The Cottage Plan also allowed for seemingly endless expansion of the facilities, a potential relief for insane asylums that were susceptible to overcrowding as the population rose and more cases of insanity were identified. Cottages could be added quickly and relatively inexpensively to the grounds of an insane asylum, in contrast to the pricey and enormous Kirkbride Plan structures where every patient was housed "under one roof" (Yanni 79). Also, patients who were perceived to be incurably insane now had somewhere to stay for a longer period of time, since new cottages could always be added to the property upon the superintendent's command (Yanni 84).
In "Center Building Northern Illinois Hospital and Asylum for the Insane," Dixon notes that while the Center Building opened in 1872, two dining halls were added to the west of the main building with connected covered walks by 1892, and another linear Kirkbride Building, called the Annex, was added in 1891. However, he writes, "The Annex was the last building of the congregate type to be constructed on the grounds. Future buildings for patients were to be separate cottages, designed to house 100 each" (Dixon). A 1904 volume of Encyclopedia Americana describes the Cottage System as, "a form of construction for insane asylums and charitable institutions, much in vogue at the present time, in which large and imposing buildings are replaced by detached cottages" (Lloyd). The effects of this new architecture mark a supposed progress in care for the insane, but Foucault comes to question even the new institutions that seem less architecturally institutional.
The Stateville Correctional Center
The Stateville Correctional Center epitomizes the national transition from a prison system of punishment to a system of discipline and surveillance, which aligns with reformist architectural goals; however, the actual effects of the institution on prisoners caused suffering comparable to that of the new plan for insane asylums. A Chicago Daily Tribune article published on 24 January 1919 reveals that the facilities were much nicer at Stateville than the "old prison," Joliet Penitentiary. Noting the number of convicts who had spent some time in Joliet who wanted to be transferred to Stateville, the paper states, "the fortunate ones go from insanitary, badly lighted, barred cages, redolent with the accumulated odors of many years, to a veritable country home in the midst of acres of green fields, where the air is fresh and clear and where the stars may be seen at night, where each man has a room and bath, where French doors, wire glassed, replace bars, and where there is always a view of the out of doors" ("Joliet Convicts"). This quote presents the move from Joliet to Stateville as positive and desirable for prisoners, and declares that many of the prisoners in Joliet wanted the upgrade or "graduation" for good behavior to the nicer facility ("Joliet Convicts"). Figure 1.1 depicts the interior of Stateville's Cell House, featuring the panoptic architecture and a central guard tower ("Illinois' New"). On 6 December 1924, Butzow wrote an article about the dedication of the Stateville Correctional Center. At the event, Warden John L. Whitman "declared that the function of the model prison would be the reformation of men who had run afoul of the law, not merely a place of punishment" (Butzow). The Warden's statement shows the changing perception of prisoners at the time, from physical punishment and confinement to disciplinization and moral reform. Figure 1.2 depicts Warden Whitman giving tours of the new Stateville Correctional Center facilities by showing guests the cells.
Reforms: Stateville Correctional Center
As Jeffrey Adler notes in his work, "First in Violence, Deepest in Dirt," crime and homicide rates in Chicago were particularly high between 1870-1930, as issues of race, national origin, alcoholism, domestic violence, and class characterized the turn of the 20th Century (Adler). This led to calls for many reform movements as society transitioned to a new expectation of civility and morality. In this process of reform, many parallels existed between insane asylums and prisons (i.e. more freedom and autonomy, with architecture to reflect this new approach), although a few striking differences separated the two (i.e. medicalization of insanity versus further criminalization of law-breakers). The State of Illinois constructed the Stateville Correctional Center in 1923 ("Felons Riot Again") to contain prisoners just outside of Chicago and Joliet, where another noteworthy but reportedly "old" prison of Illinois, Joliet Penitentiary, is located ("Joliet Convicts"). The Stateville Correctional Center housed a variety of inmates in the "F-Wing", where guards in a Benthamite panoptic tower could survey the inmates, whose cells faced inward from a ring at the central tower (Figure 1.3).
Foucault discusses how the panopticon structure contributes to the disciplinization and control that architecture imposes. He writes of prison reform between the 19th and 20th centuries, "The old simple schema of confinement and enclosure—thick walls, a heavy gate that prevents entering or leaving – began to be replaced by the circulation of openings, of filled and empty spaces, passages and transparencies" ("Discipline" 172). The goal was no longer merely to contain wrong-doers but actually to "render visible those who are inside [the institution]," to "transform individuals… to act on those it shelters, to provide a hold on their conduct, to carry the effects of power right to them, to make it possible to know them, to alter them" ("Discipline" 172). For Foucault, this disciplining contributed to a harsh and insidious modern punishment, one that leaves the captive subject bereft of free will or a chance at rehabilitation and reintroduction into society.
Construction of the captive subjects' identities around the institution's imposed architectural power reinforces a homogenization and totalizing effect for prisoners and the insane, framing them similarly as "others" that have wronged or opposed the status quo. Foucault argues that not only do we need separate institutions for different captive subjects, i.e. the criminal versus the insane, but also we must reform the institutions themselves such that they become less disciplinary and more rehabilitative. To fully understand Foucault's ideological framework around discipline of the body and mind, we must first look at contemporary late 19th/early 20th century perceptions of both the prison and insane institutions.
Failures and Inadequacies of Each Institution
Both Elgin Insane Asylum and the Stateville Correctional Center may have exemplified architectural reformist ideals, but the subjects held captive within each institution demonstrate that the institutions' conditions lacked humanity and compassion. Newspaper sources reveal that both institutions had many patients who either attempted to or successfully escaped, implying either that the conditions in the institutions were reprehensible or the subjects were true "criminals" in the sense that they had no regard for the laws of the state. While reform movements absolutely improved the conditions for captive subjects at the turn of the 20th century in these two types of institutions, modern reformers and thinkers such as Foucault argue for an even more civil approach to retribution, punishment and discipline by changing the institution altogether.
Multiple accounts appear in contemporary papers regarding possible misconduct or mistreatment of patients under the care of Elgin Insane Asylum. For example, in 1902 the Chicago Daily Tribune published an article about alleged brutality in Elgin, and legal action could not be taken until an investigation could be completed, thus leaving the patient in a potentially dangerous position in captivity ("Charges Brutality"). In 1904, the Tribune printed a defense of the Hospital's superintendent, who had fired two hospital employees, called "attendants," for alleged misconduct in a dispute about a hospital workers' union. The paper reads:
"The superintendent did right. He is the head of the hospital, and the attendants, whether organized or unorganized, are not. It is his duty to maintain discipline. The idea of a 'union' of hospital employees or of the employees of any institution is preposterous. Such organizations can serve no legitimate purpose, but will interfere with the proper management of an institution. The discharged employees have made affidavits alleging that on different occasions patients have been treated so cruelly by attendants that they have died from their injuries" ("The Elgin").
This quotation shows the extreme extent of the mistreatment of patients in Elgin Insane Asylum. In 1906, The New York Times reported on a Yale-educated man who escaped from Elgin and described it as "a living hell" where he was kept behind bars and "treated as a beast," with no communication to the outside world ("Denounces Insane Asylum"). Just a year later, in 1907, a lengthy and detailed article told the story of "Fainting Bertha," a woman who had escaped from Elgin twice, in addition to many other penitentiaries and asylums, and was deemed "the most troublesome prisoner of Illinois" ("Fainting Bertha"). From these examples, it becomes evident that many patients at Elgin were likely treated poorly, especially by today's standards of human rights.
Despite its recent renovations, the Stateville Correctional Center also had its shortcomings regarding a lack of effective rehabilitative inmate treatment. A very newsworthy event occurred on 6 May 1926: seven convicts escaped from the Stateville Correctional Center by killing the Warden and threatening a guard to help them escape, making the paper not only in the Chicago Daily Tribune but also in The Washington Post, The New York Times and even the Los Angeles Times ("Flee Prison"; "Seven Convicts Kill"; A, P. N. W.; "Killing Illinois Warden, 7"). Figure 1.4 depicts a drawing from the Chicago Daily Tribune that details the escape route of the seven convicts, their escape being relevant because it marks the start of the decline of order in the Center over the following several years ("Flee Prison"). Note the circular architecture of the central building, where the primary panopticon was located for ultimate surveillance ("Flee Prison"). On March 19, 1931, The New York Times published an article about the prisoner's riot in Stateville Correctional Center and described the state-of-the-art facilities. The New York Times described Stateville as a "model" prison, and mentioned of the "old prison," Joliet. Figure 1.5 depicts aerial imagery of Stateville ("Illinois Convicts Rebel").
In The New York Times special about the rebellion, the author writes, "In Chicago it was admitted that, although the prison was a 'model' for jails, it was not run as efficiently as such an institution should be because of politics" ("Seven Convicts Kill"). Inefficiencies slow the political, and therefore judicial, process. By 1934, the Chicago Daily Tribune wrote about the laxity of record keeping in Joliet & Stateville ("Errors, Laxity"), which shows that the institution, though a model for the rest of the United States, was far from perfect.
1931 headlines, both in Illinois and New York, were dominated by stories of unrest within the Stateville Correctional Center. This important detail shows that prisoners found ways to subvert their captors, or the state, by disrupting the order in the prison. By 1933, an article about a new prison law was instated, likely in response to the riots ("Killing Illinois Warden") and other threats like the presence of a bomb and the confiscation of multiple makeshift weapons from prisoners' cells ("Bomb is Found"). Interestingly, the warden at the time punished all prisoners if any dissent arose, which angered prisoners who didn't participate in the riots and who had expressed good behavior. Guard was also strengthened as a response ("Killing Illinois Warden"). The new law detailed that Stateville Correctional Center would house first time offenders separately from repeat offenders so as to prevent intermingling of ideas and pedagogy between the experienced and inexperienced. Prisons were "jammed" full of convicts, and psychiatrists were first mentioned as crucial in the all-new processing of convict mental health or sanity ("Illinois Prisons Jammed"). In March of 1931, The New York Times detailed another Stateville riot attempt to set a pile of rags and paper ablaze. In a statement, the Warden listed three reasons for prison unrest: overcrowding, lack of sufficient work for prisoners, known today as "occupational therapy," and distaste of the parole board/parole system ("Felons Riot Again").
The Modern Institution: Shortcomings and Reform Efforts
A modern blurring between criminally and mentally ill exists, as revealed by a 2006 U.S. Department of Justice report titled, "Mental Health Problems of Prison and Jail Inmates" (James). In 2014, former U.S. Treasury secretary, co-chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations and president and director of the Vera Institute of Justice, Robert Rubin, referred to this study in a commentary piece for The Wall Street Journal. He writes, "A study released in 2006 by the Bureau of Justice Statistics found that 45% of federal prisoners, 56% of state prisoners, and 64% of local jail inmates suffered from mental-health problems" (Rubin). In Bruce Arrigo's 2012 book "Punishing the Mentally Ill: A Critical Analysis of Law and Psychiatry," the UNC Charlotte professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology critiques how the disciplines of law and psychiatry behave and how the mental health and justice systems operate. His books expose where, how, and why the identity and humanity of persons with psychiatric disorders are consciously and unconsciously denied. This novel is a modern scholarly take on the blurring between criminal and insane subjects (Arrigo).
Mass incarceration has emerged as a contentious example of this blurring in American prison systems. According to a report released by the National Academy of Sciences, the U.S. rate of incarceration, with nearly one of every 100 adults in prison or jail, is five to ten times higher than the rates in Western Europe and other democracies (Rubin; "The Growth of Incarceration"). The costs of mass incarceration extend over multiple generations, and Rubin writes about the economic effect of incarceration:
"This is not only a serious humanitarian and social issue, but one with profound economic and fiscal consequences. In an increasingly competitive global economy, equipping Americans for the modern workforce is an economic imperative. Excessive incarceration harms productivity. People in prison are people who aren't working. And without effective rehabilitation, many are ill-equipped to work after release" (Rubin).
This quote demonstrates a modern take on the failure of mass incarceration, the prison institutions in America, and rehabilitation or reintroduction programs.
In addition to mass incarceration, America has been scrutinized internationally for its use of the death penalty. As one of the first advocates for the abolition of capital punishment, Cesare Becarria writes in An Essay on Crime and Punishment, "These political sanguinary laws exist but for a time; they are temporary, because they are not founded in truth. They resemble the necessity which, in cases of extreme famine, obliges people to eat each other: they cease to eat men as soon as bread is to be had" (Becarria 74). Similar to Beccaria's note of transitioning from cannibalism to civility, the time has come for reformation of the punishment system from disciplinary mechanisms of state power and control to truly rehabilitative programs that encourage development of the self and prepare captive subjects for eventual reintroduction into society. According to John D. Besser, a professor of law at the University of Baltimore School of Law and adjunct professor at the Georgetown University Law Center, America's Founding Fathers read Beccaria's text by candlelight, and it greatly shaped the revolutionary period (Besser). Mass incarceration and the death penalty remain the reality of the American justice system, and each contributes through their isolation of the captive subject from the status quo, "othering" the prisoner and likewise the insane patient. It is important to note, however, that while the blurring of criminal and insane has overt negative implications, like treating those in need of medical assistance as criminal, the blurring can be reappropriated to effectively rethink each institution without essentializing them as identical.
The modern question is whether America's Founding Fathers would support the extremely high incarceration rates in America that divide society by identity categories and life experiences (e.g. racial, class, gender, etc.). After all, this modern American prison system does not promote fostering individuality and personal freedoms in rehabilitative efforts. The aforementioned professor of law, John D. Bessler, also notes how this staunch American stance on capital punishment contributes to America's isolation from the global community. He writes, "In recounting how the abolition of the death penalty is rapidly becoming a norm of international law, this Article further examines how America—with its retentionist position—is becoming increasingly isolated from the world community" (Bessler). Even an American Founding Father, Thomas Jefferson, wrote of the need for institutions to change with the mind and the times. Our institutions are outdated. They currently essentialize mentally ill and criminal subjects, often blurring the two types of identities through disciplinary methods, instead of focusing on the intersections of the marginalized groups, which could harness productive potential currently lost to containment.
A Foucaultian lens of personal liberty and reformation highlights the greater negative ideological externalities of mass incarceration and the death penalty for the individual subject and for American society as a whole. Mass incarceration and the death penalty are extreme cases of Foucault's disciplinary techniques, removing large numbers from our society either through captivity or death and demonstrating that while the methods of disciplining have changed since the sixteenth century (e.g. the public torturing of Damiens in France), the effects of re-edification and re-entrenchment of the juridical subject in a juridical state have largely remained (i.e. fear of punishment if diverging from societal norms and laws, belief in the system, etc.).
A 2015 article published by The New York Times titled "The Modern Asylum" gives insight into the shortcomings of modern care for the insane, or mentally ill: "Patients with chronic, severe mental illnesses are still in facilities — only now they are in medical hospitals, nursing homes and, increasingly, jails and prisons, places that are less appropriate and more expensive than long-term psychiatric institutions" (Montross). The author of "Falling Into the Fire: A Psychiatrist's Encounters With the Mind in Crisis" and a staff psychiatrist at Butler Hospital in Providence, R.I., Christine Montross, continues her pointed critique of the modern asylum with the following:
"So institutionalization is already happening, but it is happening in a far less humane way than it could be. The patient with autism who has spent a year in a psychiatric hospital is analogous to the patient with schizophrenia who has spent a year in prison: Both suffer in inappropriate facilities while we pat ourselves on the back for closing the asylums in favor of community care" (Montross).
Here she argues something similar to Foucault's thinking around the failures of the modern institution. Montross also points out the difference between the goals of the modern asylum and the actual effects, noting that the goal is deinstitutionalization but instead we see a "transinstitutionalization," or a changing of institutions for the mentally ill.
Modern prison reforms align with yet further architectural experimentation and transformation, in order to most effectively treat and rehabilitate prisoners. In a blog post for Penal Reform International, Senior Corrections analyst and planner for CGL/RicciGreene Associates, a pre-eminent criminal justice planning and design firm based in New York that specializes in providing "secure and normative environments that promote positive behavioral change and successful re-entry," Dr. Marayca López writes:
"For the last two decades, in the midst of a world-wide prison population growth, the value of correctional architecture as a catalyst for positive outcomes has pushed forward-thinking architects to reassess classical models, rethink prison designs and experiment with innovative spatial concepts embedded with theories from sociology, psychology, and even ecology. These better align the physical plant of correctional facilities with the concept of humane treatment and contemporary priorities of inmate rehabilitation and successful reintegration" (Lopez).
Additionally, a 2013 Huffington Post article details the need for modern architectural reform in prisons in response to a prison hunger strike (Zara).
Traditional institutions tended to lack a core analysis of what it means to be human and how to change or effectively re-teach the individual. To remedy this, Dr. Marayca López pinpoints eight fundamentals to effective rehabilitation "institutions," as follows: "Be based on the premise that people are capable of change and improvement; be based on 'evidence-based practices'; make a 'good neighbor'; be right-sized; Promote safety, security, ease of supervision, and circulation; provide a healthy, safe environment; provide a normative (less institutional, more residential-like) and spatially stimulating living environment for occupants; be program and services-oriented and provide a variety of spaces" (Lopez). These principles demonstrate the modern progressive take on the shortcomings of modern institutions for both the insane and criminal.
New "institutions" require open spaces, natural aesthetics and sensory experiences, spiritual and natural nourishment, an outlet for creativity, self-development and expression and access to freedom. Rather than locking up every person who breaks a law, we might look at the drivers of crime and focus on those aspects of society, and we might provide people who have supposedly wronged society with a chance at redemption and a new life that lives up to the promises of the American Dream. Current international human rights standards for prisoners and those with mental illness provide basic principles by which global countries are supposed to abide ("Basic Principles"; Francis v. Jamaica; "Safeguards"). America should consider human rights in its rehabilitation and punishment institutions.
Foucault's Institutions
To Foucault, institutions for prisoners and the insane are social failures. These disciplinary systems of surveillance hinder or obliterate individuality and freedom that could be instead cultivated in rehabilitation or re-education. Foucault writes of the dangers of state punishment and modern institutions, which are thought to be more "humane" than hangings in public squares or cells for the insane. The latent trait of this new disciplinary punishment is that power, despite still oppressing the subject, looks "kind," whereas in the past, punishment was clearly painful or unpleasant and on display, such that rebellions and protests could "sympathetically" defend the convict's body (Marshall & De Botton). The executioner, rather than the prisoner or the insane person, could become the object of shame. This new power seems invisible, but instead Foucault describes it as unverifiable. The power's visibility, yet its non-verifiability, makes it more challenging to resist state power, and thus Foucault views modern systems and institutions as barbaric and primitive, despite their supposed "progress" from earlier times (Marshall & De Botton).
Foucault's pedagogy includes a new vision of the optimistic self-satisfaction he claims society exhibits in modern times, turning instead to lessons from the past in order to analyze the now. Foucault suggests that modernity is lost when progress is pretended through loss of spontaneity and creativity. History provides a "storehouse" from which philosophical historians like Foucault can "observe dominant ideas and institutions and question them by looking at their ideas and revolutions," or in context of this paper, reform movements (Marshall & De Botton)."
A New Wave?
I call for a modern shift in thinking about reform movements from a focus on the institutions and their architecture to fostering individuality and freedom through separation of different types of institutions (e.g. for criminal versus the insane subject), inclusion of human rights and value, rehabilitation and an ecological "returning to nature." Foucault sees these institutions as locations where state agents perpetuate and maintain state power by "othering" and containing anybody who fails to follow the rules of the system. Using Foucault's ideological framework of discipline, modern prison and insane asylum reformers should focus their efforts on the buildings in which the people they are attempting to protect or defend reside and in which the captive subject adopts the worldview of the institution. The Cottage Plan at Elgin Insane Hospital and the new disciplinary panopticon built at Stateville Correctional Center both signify a breakthrough in reforming, or controlling by observation, individual subjects; however, each also exemplifies disciplinization mechanisms that Foucault warns can threaten freedom and individuality. In further research, it would be valuable to explore how we might resist essentializing mentally ill and criminal subjects by breaking down the disciplinization mechanisms and instead focusing on further reforming our institutions.
In his work, "Language & Symbolic Power," French sociologist and philosopher Pierre Bourdieu argues that institutions have the capability to perform "social magic." In other words, the rites of institutions, or the rituals that people go through within institutions, are related to the performative and shape the way in which an individual thinks in that he or she adopts the institution's perspective of themselves and of the world (Bourdieu). Both the architecture of reformed Elgin and Stateville imposed institutional ideology on their subjects, and thus created a power dynamic where the subjects would self-regulate via surveillance of each other and ultimately themselves; subjects lost their worldly identity to become merely "insane" or "convict." These institutionally created identities, constructed from disciplinization, exemplify why the reform movements were necessary—to rehabilitate and reintroduce members of society who had been led astray, by misfortune or misdeed. In the prison, the intent was "visible" but "unverifiable" power ("Discipline" 201), while in the asylum, the intent included power dynamics of containment but was rehabilitative in nature and began to distinguish mental healthcare from institutions of prisons.
The reformed architecture of the panopticon employed at the Stateville Correctional Center perpetuates notions of total control via surveillance, and Elgin Insane Asylum demonstrates the transition from the "Kirkbride Plan" for the insane, which dominated the mid-19th Century, to the "Cottage Plan." Foucault makes us question whether the technology, or instrument of power, called "discipline," becomes in some ways more insidious, more destructive to a person's unique character, in its impacts than physical punishment. According to Foucault, at least in cases where brutal torturing and executions took place there existed the ability to protest or resist the controlling power of the state. Once this power becomes "visible but unverifiable," the disciplinization permeates into the every action of captive subjects. No longer are people afraid of the physical.
In line with a true Foucaultian philosophical historicism, history cannot be read with "academic disinterestedness" but rather must be read with a modern lens, helping us lead better lives in our own times. We can use the Stateville Correctional Center and Elgin Insane Hospital as catacombs through which we enter the world of reformation. Rather than succumbing to the assumption that reform movements function irrespective of their relativity to progress from earlier times, we must approach reform movements with elements of human rights considerations and an idea of exactly what we intend to reform, the institution itself or the individual inside that institution.
In Discipline & Punish, Foucault summarizes his thesis regarding the revolutions in prisons from the 16th Century to now in one sentence:
"We have, then, the sovereign and his force, the social body and the administrative apparatus; mark, sign, trace; ceremony, representation, exercise; the vanquished enemy, the juridical subject in the process of requalification, the individual subjected to immediate coercion; the tortured body, the soul with its manipulated representations, the body subjected to training"
This quote demonstrates Foucault's take on the marked shifts in thought around the prison's purpose and method of achieving it. From monarchical subject to juridical subject to the modern disciplinary subject, Foucault if he were alive today might have something to say about where we are regarding our "progress." We now understand that American institutions intended for correction remain unsuccessful at "correcting;" instead they merely contain.
A new wave of thinking about the institutions intended to re-educate and reintegrate individuals who have wronged the law somehow needs to arise—a new discourse of rehabilitation that focuses on the individual's ability to change. Rather than viewing criminals and the insane as "others" by highlighting their difference, we should value their sameness as humans. A paradigm shift needs to occur where we start viewing criminals and the insane as somehow wronged by society rather than having wronged society. Reform movements focused on architecture of institutions in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, but modern reform movements must focus on the individual, rehabilitation through freedom and his or her possible future contributions to society.
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text: "Veco has already filed a petition for implementation. We are waiting for the ERC's green light to go ahead for the commercial deployment of the prepaid electric metering. We have long been ready for the installment of this project," said Anton Mari Perdices, Veco senior vice president and chief operating officer, in an interview Friday.


text:
Sometimes the replay is too tough to watch. So football coaches just shelve the pain of a post-game video review and head straight to the practice field come Monday.
Commerce's 41-14 loss to rival Jefferson on Friday (Aug. 26), though hurtful, was not one of those games to shun altogether, said coach Marvin Justice.
The visual aids reinforced a number of lessons, he added.
Marquavius Little rushed for 64 yards on 15 carries. He also scored on a 21-yard touchdown reception. Photo by Ben Munro
Commerce puts 'sad night' in the past, prepares for Franklin
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PM Olmert: "Your decision to celebrate this historic milestone with us is an extraordinary gesture of friendship and is further evidence of your unending commitment to the security and well-being of our country."
United States President George W. Bush landed in Israel on May 14, 2008, accompanied by his wife, Laura, for a three-day visit in honor of Israel's 60th anniversary of independence. He was welcomed at the airport by President Shimon Peres and Prime Minister Ehud Olmert.
President Peres mentioned the warm friendship the American president has always shown towards Israel, standing at Israel's side "in sunny mornings and stormy weather." He also praised the president's "determined dedication to the promotion of peace and security in the entire region."
Prime Minister Olmert emphasized Israel's "strategic alliance with America" and the bond between the two peoples. He also stated that, in his almost eight years of office, "President George Bush has been our closest ally and partner."
President Bush thanked the president and prime minister for their warm welcome, and noted the many similarities between Israel and the United States: "Our two nations both faced great challenges when they were founded, and our two nations have both relied on the same principles to help us succeed. We've built strong democracies to protect the freedoms given to us by an Almighty God. We've welcomed immigrants, who have helped us thrive. We've built prosperous economies by rewarding innovation and risk-taking and trade. And we've built an enduring alliance to confront terrorists and tyrants." He went on to say that during his visit, he would discuss his ideas for advancing common ideals and continuing the 60-year partnership between the two nations.
In an interview with the Jerusalem Post at the White House the day before he left for Israel, President Bush said, "The biggest long-term threat to peace in the Middle East is Iran. Of all the people who understand the existential threat that the Iranians pose, it's the Israelis… Ideological conflicts require a combination of force and vision in order to marginalize and defeat… I can assure you that al-Qaida, Hamas and Hizbullah don't think about the comforts of life. They are driven." He also said that he hoped history would see him as "a guy who clearly saw the world the way it is … clearly saw the threat and did something about it."
On the president's agenda are meetings with the Israeli president and prime minister; attendance at the "Facing Tomorrow" presidential conference at the International Convention Center in Jerusalem; a tour of Massada in the Judean desert; a ceremony and address at the Knesset; a reception at the Israel Museum; dinner with the Prime Minister and Mrs. Olmert; and a visit to the Bible Lands Museum. The First Lady is scheduled to tour a clinic and a school with Aliza Olmert and will join the President for some of his activities.


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Federal regulators said on Wednesday that they had approved one flight of a Boeing 787, with a flight crew but no passengers, as the company's engineers study possible changes to the plane's electrical systems that could reduce the risk of another battery fire.
The flight would be the first for a 787 since aviation authorities grounded the innovative aircraft last month after two incidents with its lithium-ion batteries. The Federal Aviation Administration said it would let Boeing return one 787 from a painting plant in Fort Worth to its plant near Seattle. It has not yet approved flights to conduct tests on the batteries.
The flight, scheduled for Thursday, will come as the National Transportation Safety Board is expected to raise questions about how the F.A.A. certified the 787's battery before it began flying passengers in 2011. The safety board, which has been performing tests of its own as part of its investigation into the battery problems, is seeking to find out why weaknesses with the batteries were not picked up in Boeing's original testing program.
The safety board is looking at whether the F.A.A. fully understood any potential issues with the volatile new batteries before it approved their use under special conditions.
Deborah Hersman, the safety board's chairman, told reporters on Wednesday that it would probably take investigators several more weeks to determine what had happened with the Boeing batteries.
Boeing engineers are working on a range of possible technical overhauls. These include making the battery cells more resistant to shocks to keep excess heat from spreading from one cell to another, causing the kind of thermal runaway that occurred in the two recent events. Boeing officials have said they are also working on building more solid containment cases and better venting mechanisms in the event of overheating.
None of this has been tested or approved yet, a process that could take months. And until more is known about the cause of the recent incidents, the grounding order is unlikely to be lifted soon.
The 787 is the first commercial airplane to use large lithium-ion batteries for major flight functions. All 50 of Boeing's 787s that were delivered to airlines have been grounded since mid-January.
"I would not want to categorically say that these batteries are not safe," Ms. Hersman said during a briefing with reporters on Wednesday. "Any new technology, any new design, there are going to be some inherent risks. The important thing is to mitigate them."
Boeing officials said that they were exploring numerous ways to strengthen the batteries and that it was premature to think any of those would be approved by regulators without more information.
Boeing officials said they remained confident that they could keep using the lithium-ion batteries, and they hoped that finding a way to strengthen the batteries might allow them to do so. But officials said the company also had a team of engineers working on alternatives involving more conventional batteries in case regulators banned them.
Boeing picked the new lithium-ion technology because it provided more power than traditional batteries of the same size. But battery experts have questioned their use because, under certain conditions, they can overheat and ignite.
The F.A.A.'s decision to certify the batteries has come under scrutiny in recent weeks. While the federal regulator is stretched thin with too few inspectors, and typically relies on testing data from Boeing, lithium batteries are an area where the agency has some expertise. It has had to deal for years with fires involving lithium-ion batteries shipped as cargo or carried by passengers in their computers or cellphones.
Ms. Hersman will provide an update on Thursday on the investigation's process. But while she said the safety board was in a position to rule out some problems, it was unlikely to be able to say what happened for some time.
She said that she would not rule out the use of lithium batteries "categorically," but insisted that the safeguards Boeing had put in place failed when a Japan Airlines plane experienced a fire while parked at Logan Airport in Boston.
"Obviously what we saw in the 787 battery fire in Boston shows us there were some risks that were not mitigated, that were not addressed," she said. She added that the fire was "not what we would have expected to see in a brand-new battery in a brand-new airplane."
The safety board, she said, was also examining the special conditions the F.A.A. ordered Boeing to follow in using the batteries and whether they should have been updated later.
The F.A.A.'s conditions were fairly general, and they required Boeing to create the means to contain any fire or vent any smoke to keep it from spreading into the cabin and putting the plane at risk if a battery failed.
"What happens is that when an aircraft is certified it basically gets locked into the standards that were in existence at the time," Ms. Hersman said.
The fleet's grounding is not affected by the one-time F.A.A. permit and no one except crew members will be allowed on board the plane from Fort Worth. The plane, which still belongs to Boeing, was scheduled to be delivered to China Southern Airlines.
The F.A.A. said that before takeoff, the Boeing crew should perform a number of inspections to verify that the batteries and cables showed no signs of damage. While airborne, the crew must also "continuously monitor the flight computer for battery-related messages, and land immediately if one occurs," the F.A.A. said.


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An old Croatian folk song says: "My mother baked štrukli, but she did not tell me about it". But not to worry, we will tell you about štrukli (Authentic cheese strudel from Zagorje region), how to prepare them and how to bake them. And we will also let you know on a little secret how you can make the sweet version of it, with bread crumbs and sugar. In any case – it is an evergreen.
750 g (26 oz) soft flour
1 tablespoon salt
500 ml (17 fl oz) water
40 ml (1.40 fl oz) oil
1 kg (2.20 lb) fresh cottage cheese
1 teaspoon salt
3 eggs
500 ml (17 fl oz) light cream
Mix the pastry from flour, salt and water with an electric mixer. Add oil and mix for about 10 minutes. Move onto a floured surface and knead, adding flour to get a mid-hard pastry. Divide in two parts, form each part into a ball and put on oiled plates. Oil the ball surface and cover with plastic foil. Let the pastry rest for 2 hours.
For the filling mix all the ingredients with a whisk.
Move the pastry onto a floured tablecloth. In the beginning you can thin the pastry with a roller or spread it with your hands, evenly on all sides. Pull outward from the center with the back of your hands until you get a thin, see-through filo pastry. Remove the thickened edges with a knife.
Distribute half of the filling onto the pastry with a spoon, and then smear evenly with a knife or spatula. Using tablecloth form a thin strudel, which you should stretch additionally so its thickness is even. Cut štrukli with an edge of a plate. Repeat the same procedure with the remaining pastry and half of the filling.
Boil the štrukli in a big amount of boiling, salted water for 15 minutes, but not all at once. Remove them from water with a slotted spoon and place in a well-oiled pan. Cover with cooking cream and bake in the oven previously heated to 200°C (473°K) for 40 minutes.
Serve štrukli as a warm appetizer.
You can serve warm štrukli immediately as a salty appetizer, or you can top them with baked breadcrumbs and sugar and get a dessert.
This amount of ingredients will give you about 25 pieces of štrukli.
Štrukli can be frozen. Arrange them on a floured tray and place in the freezer for a few hours. Then store them in bags.


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October 22, 2017
5 Posters Presented at the 8th Annual American Conference of Pharmacometricians
5 Posters were presented at the 7th Annual American Conference of Pharmacometricians (ACoP8) in Fort Lauderdale, FL - Octobber 15 - 18, 2017.
Passarell J, Passarell C, Fiedler-Kelly J. Systemization of time-to-event analyses for pharmacometric applications. Presented as a Spotlight Poster
Morris D, Woltosz W, Lawless M, Grasela T, Clark R. Lead Antimalarial Identification Using In Silico Prediction Methods and Simulation. Presented as an Encore Poster.
Li X, Passarell JA, Lin K, Roy A, Murthy B, Girgis IG. Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response analyses for abatacept in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Larson KB, Patel YT, Willavize S, Rizk ML, Yu B, Johnson MG, Rhee EG, Caro L. Ceftolozane/tazobactam dose selection for pediatric patients (birth to <18 years).
Wang X, Ludwig E, Passarell C, Boone B, Baakili A, Dela Cruz C, Roy A, Hruska M. Population pharmacokinetics (PK) and exposure-efficacy analyses of nivolumab in subjects with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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5 Posters Presented at the 8th Annual American Conference of Pharmacometricians


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MidPoint 3.7 and later
This guide applies to midPoint 3.7 and later. For guides that apply to older releases please see the release notes.
Source Code
This guide provides instruction for installing midPoint from the source code. It requires software development tools and some experience to build the product. This is recommended only for engineers that want to participate in midPoint development or have deeper interest in the source code. Everybody else will probably find installing binary release much easier.
Before You Start
Release Notes
Please make sure to see Release Notes for list of environments that are known to work and for the list of known issues in current release.
Java Development Kit 8
The development environment requires at least JDK 8. You can use OpenJDK wich might be already installed on your system of you can download JDK from Oracle.
JAVA_HOME environment variable should point to the JDK installation path.
Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy Files 8
Optional AES-128 is used by default for encrypt/decrypt operations, so JCE is not needed. If you want to use bigger key size, e.g. AES-256, then JCE is required for cryptographic operations. You can download it at http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html. After downloading zip file follow installation instructions written in README.txt
Java 8 only
MidPoint is supported only on Java 8 platforms. MidPoint supported both Java 7 and Java 8 for several years. The support for Java 7 was deprecated in midPoint 3.4.1 and it was removed in midPoint 3.5.
The midPoint source is available from a Git server. The details regarding Git, Git client software and Git server locations are described in Git page. Short summary of Git coordinates is provided in the following table.
|GitHub project page
|Git Repository URLs
(public access)
Download and install Maven3: http://maven.apache.org/download.html
M2_HOME environment variable should point to the Maven installation path.
Prepare MidPoint Software
Get MidPoint
Get the source from our Git repository
git clone -b v3.6.1 https://github.com/Evolveum/midpoint.git
Please use appropriate tag (e.g
v3.7) for current release. To check out the latest development branch skip the -b flag entirelly:
git clone https://github.com/Evolveum/midpoint.git
For more information about the source repository structure see Source Code.
Build MidPoint From Sources
Enter the directory with downloaded source code and execute either of the following commands:
mvn install
Complete build process also includes unit and integration tests and more than one hour. You can speed up the build by skipping automatic tests using the following command:
mvn install -DskipTests=true
After the successful build process there will be a binary distribution package located in
dist/target directory.
Building the WAR file only
If the WAR file is all you need you can speed the build even further by skipping the packaging of the distribution archive. Use the following command to turn off the
dist maven profile:
mvn clean install -DskipTests=true -P -dist
Please note the minus character (-) before profile name.
The resulting WAR file can be obtained from
Run MidPoint
Continue with installation in the same way as for a binary release. See Trying MidPoint page. But you need to use your own freshly built distribution package instead of downloading it.


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*This post is testament to what happens when you attempt to process your musings on the bus ride home with half-hearted regression analysis. Both Econometrics and Storytelling were harmed in the making of this post.
There are some girls who have their wedding dresses picked out at age nine. Age and body mass changes may make some alterations to this design, but the final wedding dress will be a beautiful princess cut ivory dress with a sweetheart neckline and delicate sleeves, just like she drew at Kowah's 9th birthday sleepover.
There are others who have to be cajoled and prodded by nature and society to contemplate their wedding days. Even then, they (brandishing a risk aversion fashioned by experience and/or inherent nature) reluctantly enter the pool and readily grasp on to any mishap as reason to head back to shore and stay there.
Time and tide doth happen to both groups, and it's interesting to note a convergence in attitude towards marriage with time.
Your college years are purported to be prime partner-finding time. You will never again have as big a pool of eligible, relatively untouched suitors within ready reach. The 'relatively untouched' is crucial because as you grow, you realize that people's college and post-college experiences changes them. And if the liaisons before you did not end at the altar, they invariably carry some baggage which adds another level of difficulty to being with them.
It follows then that the years right after college are the years you see the most nuptials. Those who sustained their campus (and sometimes high school) relationships make it official, and those whose progress was impeded by perceived immaturity quickly grow up once thrown into the jungle that is today's workplace and if so inclined, find mates thereafter.
Receiving wedding invitation after invitation takes its toll on a soul, and this is the time where the desire to one day (sooner or later) get married is strongest. This lasts one to four years after which the invitations become infrequent, and controlling for the fact that you lose touch with old friends, it is at this stage that those who got married have gotten over the honeymoon phase and the cracks if any start to show.
Thus, amidst the tales of infidelity and divorce, the marriage stock falls, making you more likely to invest your time, energy or emotions elsewhere, or at the very least, make some reallocations in your investment portfolio. Of course, there is a mixed effect here due to invitations to offspring events potentially pulling at your maternal and paternal strings to be accounted for.
It is easy to see why the propensity to get married sees a steady decline once you reach thirty. At this stage, you know exactly what you do and don't want. Worse, you've probably figured out (rightly or falsely so) that you let someone who was exactly what you needed go and so tend to measure everyone by them, requiring that they be at least as good as. I know. Life…
After thirty, the decline slows down and your curve approaches the axis as time approaches infinity, never quite touching it.


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New release by one of our favorite electronic artists, Manatee Commune. The solo project of Grant Eadie has been gaining the recognition he deserves. The new EP release is called Thistle. It's a great mix of chillwave rhythms and bouncy pop melodies. Manatee Commune is one of those artists that you can listen to over and over and not get tired of it. Thistle is no exception, starting off with the lush, booty shaking track "Brick Orange" shows that this EP is even more dance prone than his previous releases. "Blueberry" starts off more chilled, until it gets to that breakdown. Right in the middle of Thistle is the single and possibly my favorite track of his, "Clay" featuring Marina Price. Manatee Commune brings the house down with the new EP Thistle, so be sure to check it out. He is about to start a mini tour in April and will be playing Portland/Seattle on the 10th and 11th this month.
Category Archives: Chillwave
Manatee Commune
Here's another bunch of Treefort Music Fest artists to wrap your ears around. After the final wave of artists was announced, there is now about 350 bands coming to Boise at the end of March.
The first band we dug up is Bellingham, WA chillwave artist, Manatee Commune. The instrumental stylings of Manatee Commune has a groovy, yet ambient kind of sound. The newer singles have more of a free form, floating vibe than his EP release in 2012. Manatee Commune takes his sound directly from the Pacific Northwest sometimes literally, lots of rain noises and native bird calls. Definitely worth a listen and a charitable download here.
Next is Boulder, CO artist Frugal Father. His music is a weird mix of minimalism and dance, which I really enjoy. Then the vocal styling is also a bit strange, kind of a deadpan delivery, that actually plays really well into the music that's being created. Check out Frugal Father's singles and download for free here.
Last but not least is Boise duo Avtale. The vocals are beautiful and the music is a little on the darker side. Avtale's sound is dirty electro-pop that gets fuzzy on the bass and heavy in the beats. You can't help but move your body to the track "Groundless."
Social Studies + Summer Heart
Two more great bands for everyone today. Starting off with the San Francisco five piece band Social Studies. Their sophomore full length album Developer came out last week. Social Studies is a rock infused pop band that has intricate melodies and amazing vocals to give their sound a bluesy kind of feel to it. Sometimes the guitar gets a little buried behind the drums and keys, but when it comes up in full force, it shreds your face off. It's hard to say that this is a pop album with all the other types of influences implanted into their songs. I really enjoy Developer and you should go out and buy it, or at least listen to it below. My favorite tracks are "Delicate Hands" and "You Still Laughing."
Next up is Swedish artist Summer Heart. His latest full length About A Feeling came out back in April this year. This chillwave sound is very creative. Summer Heart's technique on auto-tune is very interesting, whether it's used for layering vocals or for the main vocal track makes his sound much more unique. Besides the vocals though there is cool clangy guitars and well used keys and synthesizers throughout the tracks. Though maybe not my favorite album of the year, About A Feeling has several gems that I've been putting on repeat. "Rusted Scars," "I Wanna Go," and "Los Angeles Lies" are my favorites that have been wearing out my speakers, so check them out below.
Onuinu + The Raveonettes
A great debut full length album from one of the hottest bands here in Portland came out this week. I'm talking about the band Onuinu's album Mirror Grazer. This is one of the better albums that I've heard this year. Mirror Grazer is a super groovy, booty shakin' electro-boogie sounding record. I've been blasting it on repeat all week. Play it at a party and I guarantee it will have people dancing to it. Check it out below, my favorite tracks are "Always Akward," "A Step In The Right Direction," "Ice Palace," and "Happy Home."
Next up is the latest album from The Raveonettes called Observator. I'm really enjoying this album as well. They remind me of a noisier XX. The Raveonettes put out a really cool indie noise-rock album that sounds fresh with each track. I really like the variety that they offer throughout, it definitely doesn't get repetitive which can happen with some noise-rock bands. Check it out below, it's really good to listen to for the new fall season.
It's Tuesday!
Wow what a big release day today. Wilco's The Whole Love, Blink-182's Neighborhoods, Mastodon's The Hunter, Dum Dum Girls' Only In Dreams, and Sleep ∞ Over's Forever.
The Whole Love is Wilco's seventh studio album and it does not fail to please. Much of the good ol' Wilco sound is still there, but with a new kind of rock energy that comes forth. If you are a Wilco fan, I highly recommend it. Listen to it here.
Speaking of a seventh studio album, Blink-182 is back with Neighborhoods. Though their sound has matured over the years, Neighborhoods has a bunch of punky-rock pop songs on it. I was quite surprised since I thought they were going to put out another sappy pop album. Plus Travis Barker is probably one of the best drummers alive today. Check it out here.
I'm really excited to finally put an actual metal band on here. Yay! Mastodon comes out with their latest The Hunter. Super rock is what I have to say about them, never disappointing. Though I don't know a lot of their older music, I am really enjoying this new album. It's here for a free listen.
With their sophomoric effort, Only In Dreams, the Dum Dum Girls slowed down the tempo just a little bit. Though it sounds more poppy I feel like it's more of a complete album for them. I am in love with the song "Coming Down" so make sure you check that out and the rest of the album here.
Finally last but definitely not least Sleep ∞ Over's debut full length Forever is probably my favorite one today. I think the best way to describe it is ambient meets chill wave meets electronica. The synths lay out the landscape while the vocals paint this amazing picture of the cosmos. Check out the video to the single "Casual Diamonds" below.


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This is the time of spring's return, the joyful time, the seed time, when life bursts forth from the earth and the chains of winter are broken. It is a time of balance, when light and dark are equal, when all the elements within must be brought into new harmony. From this day on, until the fall equinox, the days will be longer than the nights. This is the bright time of the year.
Celebrate down by the gazebo on the lake. Bring family, friends, and something local and delicious to share for potluck supper. Also welcome are musical instruments, hula hoops, and yard games.
This event is free to all. Donations lovingly accepted.


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You love your kids, and want the best quality childcare for them. A-1 Domestic Professional Services offers Palos Verdes Nannies and Overnight Babysitters for loving care for your single or multiple kids. Call today if you live in Palos Verdes, Rolling Hills, Torrance, Redondo Beach, Hermosa Beach, Long Beach, Los Angeles, and other cities in Los Angeles County.
For qualified Nannies, call 310-366-794
Visit http://palosverdesnannies.com/index.html for more information


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From comicbookresources.com
Krul and Scott Take "Teen Titans" Prime Time with #100
by Jeffrey Renaud, Staff Writer | Posted: 08/25/11
J.T. Krul and Nicola Scott bid "Teen Titans" adieu with #100, on sale now
During its heyday in the 1980s, "New Teen Titans" was the title, month in and month out, not only for DC Comics but for the entire industry, that readers flocked to comic book shops to buy the day it arrived.
Some lean times followed the title's epic run, but when superstar creator Geoff Johns relaunched the franchise with the latest volume in 2003 -- along with British artist Mike McKone -- "Teen Titans" again became a buzz book for critics and fans alike.
Johns left the series in 2007 following the release of "Teen Titans"#45 and the title's popularity slipped again, but when the current creative team of writer J.T. Krul ("Green Arrow") and artist Nicola Scott ("Birds of Prey") joined forces for what would ultimately be the closing chapter of this incarnation's run, sales climbed as readership came back faster than Bart Allen.
CBR News: Your run on "Teen Titans" has been extremely well-received by critics and fans alike. J.T., you had worked with versions of the team for "Titans" and "Blackest Night: Titans," but how familiar were you with the superhero team prior to joining DC Comics?
J.T. Krul: I found "New Teen Titans" when I was a little older. Probably when I was a teenager but obviously, I loved the [Marv] Wolfman/[George] Perez stuff and when Geoff Johns restarted the title with this run, 100 issues ago, it was a really an exciting time to get back into it.
[ Read more comicbookresources.com ]
News >


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Game Credits
Developer Biography
There is no biography on file for this developer.
[add bio]
Billy Buskell
circa 2013
source: "Mass Effect 3 Retrospective" video
Related Sites
There are no related websites on file for this developer. If you know of any related websites for the person, please consider contributing them.


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Main Source "How My Man Went Down In The Game" (1992)
Album: Wild Pitch Classics (released in 1994)
Label: Wild Pitch
Producer: Main Source
Large Professor: "I used that for a Biz [Markie] record too. That was kind of like the craze, when someone would find an ill sample and everyone would hop on it. That was the loop of that time, like, 'Yo, that loop is crazy.' I looped it up, but this is before [Kool G. Rap's 'Ill Street Blues' came out]. I took pride in, 'Yo, I rocked it first.' That was my thing. I definitely [would fall back on using a sample if I heard someone else use it before me].
"That was me working after Breaking Atoms. I got real heavy into production, and the guy in the studio was like, 'Yo, I'm just gonna give you a whole bunch of time. Just come in and work.' So that song came out of that.
[I wasn't mad when Trackmasters made 'Ill Street Blues'] because we were all going to the same record conventions... Once it was discovered that there was something on a record, it just caught wildfire all over.
"That was just me being a young dude, and searching for who I was. Dudes taking different paths, dudes already married, this dude is having a kid. Just putting some wild shit out there. [Laughs.] It's funny to me, man, when I listen to it. It marks that time to me. It's not like a 'Front Door' that still resonates. It's like, 'Aiight, I was young.' [Laughs.] That's not a song I would be trying to perform. That's one of those time-capsule songs like, 'Aiight, that's the shit you was on.'
"[I wasn't mad when Trackmasters made 'Ill Street Blues'] because we were all going to the same record conventions, so if it was like, 'Yo, you got this loop?' It was easy for someone to just buy a copy. Once it was discovered that there was something on a [particular] record, it just caught wildfire all over.
"That was a nice scene [those record conventions]. It was records, and it was digging, and B-Boys, beats playing loud. Kool Herc would be in there [and other legendary hip-hop figures]. That was crazy."


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Welcome to the Senior Infant Page.
54 children, 3 teachers and one SNA makes our Senior Infant family complete! :)
We had a spooky day at school today!
Happy Mid-term!
Happy Halloween Everyone :)
We love visiting our restaurant in Senior Infants! We have some super waiters, waitresses and chefs in the making!
Check out how we form our numbers!
AISTEAR time is our favourite part of the day. Here are some pictures of us playing with our friends.
We have been learning about Homes this month and we were very lucky to have Conor's mum and dad come in to tell us about the work that an architect does. Thank you Ann Marie and Andrew!
After their visit we were inspired to create homes of our own.
Colourstrings is back! Hooray!!!
Halloween work and play!
We are learning about Electricity this month.
We sorted everyday items into 2 groups, things that use electricity and things that don't.
Mixing up some tasty treats for us and some for the birds too!!
Construction Site theme: working together and being creative!
Science facts and fun with bubbles....
A human beans numberline!
Sometimes we do tricky tests in Senior Infants and even though some of the questions are quite hard we keep trying anyway and do our best.
We've been very busy learning about Spring lately and we enjoyed learning about the Life Cycle of a Butterfly - click on the image to bring you to the National Geographic for Kids website, it's full of amazing facts about animals and nature.
We have also reached the magic number 10 in Maths and soon we will be counting up to a million!!! Click on the image to practice counting up to 10.
We have also reached the magic number 10 in Maths and soon we will be counting up to a million!!! Click on the image to practice counting up to 10.


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Like the little black dress we men have our version, the little black jacket. Doesn't matter what your personal style is, there is no denying the effortless cool of a black moto jacket.
The leather jacket can instantly transform a possibly "I've been wearing this for two days or so" look into a "Wow, you look great!" moment. The jacket is something you should invest in, at least once. A good leather will only get better with age and if you choose something non-trendy, it will literally last you forever.
"A good leather jacket will last you forever."
Currently, I'm obsessed with the Grease look! A simple white tee, black jeans, with white vans, wrapped up in a perfectly fitted moto (biker) jacket. Not only is it beyond comfortable, I mean come on, I'm in a tee shirt and jeans, but this outfit always makes heads turn.
So try it. Grab your little black jacket, a white tee, and find some lightning!