text:
A geo-social network (GSN) is a type of social network where geolocated information shared among users plays an important role. The fast development of GSNs in recent years has made this system a valuable tool for people to learn about places on a large scale, using information provided by non-specialists. This paper examines how value is created in GSNs by studying the collective behavior of content creators in a popular GSN, Foursquare. In particular, this study examines the multifaceted aspect of content contribution behavior, and investigates how it occurs in multiple cities of an area previously studied by few: 21 medium- and large-sized Brazilian cities. Our study leverages cluster analyses to explain how users differ in how they collaborate. We discovered four profiles of content creators, and identify how such profiles are useful to GSNs.
Related work
Data and methods
Geo-social networks (GSNs) are collaborative systems with a main component involving geolocated information. Such systems combine online social networks and geolocated information to contextualize content in a new form of online collaboration. This new configuration of content helps analysts to map urban areas (Liang, et al., 2013) and end users decide about places in a specific area (Gao and Liu, 2014). These systems have been gaining significant attention, largely due to the increasing use of mobile devices. From 2014 to 2020, the number of smartphone users worldwide is expected to grow to 1.3 billion (Statista, 2014).
In GSNs, users annotate space and interact to disclose useful information. As in other collaborative systems, value created by a GSN depends primarily on users acting as content creators. The popularization of GSNs has stimulated studies on these collaborators (Abraham, et al., 2009). These studies have concluded that GSN content creators are heterogeneous according to motivations (Noulas, et al., 2011), habits (Morais and Andrade, 2014) and preferences (Chen, et al., 2016). However, the diversity of creators in GSNs has received little attention (Yang, et al., 2016; Wu and Li, 2016). So, understanding this diversity and how it is manifested is paramount to system designers, administrators and users alike.
This work focuses on GSN content creators in urban areas. We are motivated by the scarcity of experiments about GSN creators in multiple cities. We detected a gap in the quantitative disparity of studies of GSN users in urban areas in different parts of the world. For example, cities in U.S. (Noulas, et al., 2011; Chang and Sun, 2011; Gao, et al., 2015) and Europe (Yang, et al., 2016; Noulas, et al., 2011) have received considerable attention in the analysis of GSNs in contrast to cities in Brazil (Morais and Andrade, 2014), Canada, Mexico and China (Hjorth, et al., 2012).
This study is centered around GSN content creators who collaborated in urban areas of Brazil. This country is the fifth largest growing market of new smartphones in the world (Statista, 2014), but has received little attention from GSN studies so far. Besides, this work focuses on GSNs that were considered useful during decision-making processes of choosing places to visit. The GSN Foursquare is a prototypical example of such a system. In Foursquare, creators annotate venues of a city where they make check-ins and create hints that leave geolocated suggestions and comments for other users. Presently, Foursquare has 50 million active users and more than 75 million shared tips (Weber and Novet, 2015). Regarding Foursquare acceptation, Brazil is the third largest public of Foursquare, behind U.S. and Indonesia.
This paper leverages cluster algorithms to segment content creators into four profiles that reveal the typical combinations of activity distribution over time, space and characteristics of venues in the GSN. Moreover, studying multiple cities allows us to compare creator profiles per urban area. We collected and analyzed data of Foursquare users in 21 large Brazilian cities.
Regarding the research methodology of studies of GSN creators, the main difficulty of analysis is related to big datasets and correct portraits. In our experiment, the main limitation is the correct description of Foursquare creators, in face of reduced feedback, compared with other GSNs, like Instagram and Facebook Places. The solution was overcome by a long-time observation of interactions in cities (2013–2017). More details on this will be given later in this paper.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. The next section discusses the literature of user diversity on GSNs. Afterward, we present metrics about content creators used in the cluster analysis and present data and methods of our observational study. The last two sections describe results about the diversity of content creators and discuss that diversity in a larger context.
The main value of a GSN is its peer-production, where users act as content creators. As in other systems, understanding how these content creators behave is paramount to understanding how to best design and operate GSNs. There are several ways to characterize content creators in GSNs. This work considers dimensions which stem from an analysis of factors deemed relevant in related work on GSNs:
Background features of creators: Previous work has considered variables related to demographic details of creators such as gender (Zhang, et al., 2016), age and hometown (Kang and Lerman, 2011);
Features of content shared by creators: Another body of work focuses on variables that provide feedback on shared content in GSNs. These studies have analyzed the influence of creators according to relevance (Morais and Andrade, 2014) and the utility of creators (Schaar, et al., 2013) for other GSN users. An influent creator is someone who provides geolocated information with significant effects for other users. This mapping is useful for setting preferences and patterns for creators;
Features of the collaborative behavior of creators: The variables in this group measure features such as the number of interactions performed in a given time span, including posts, check-ins and comments. They indicate the intensity of collaboration in specific places (Yang, et al., 2016; Cranshaw, et al., 2012) and groups (Jin, et al., 2016; Brown, et al., 2014), or the variety implied in the sum of distinct places where creators have collaborated. Studies describe preferences of creators (Chorley, et al., 2015) in order to understand the distribution of diversity by Shannon's index (Straathof, 2007), leveraged to study the dynamics of cities (Silva, et al., 2013a). Moving from space to time distribution of collaboration activities, studies have used the periodicity of contributions to characterize content creators. This metric is useful for capturing aspects of human mobility, using GPS position traces (Preoţiuc-Pietro and Cohn, 2013), and it is present in mining users (Preoţiuc-Pietro and Cohn, 2013) and definition of parameters for recommendations in GSNs (Rahimi and Wang, 2013);
Spatial features in the behavior of creators: These variables evaluate preferences and habits of creators in urban space. One metric is a variable that measures the distance walked by collaborators during GSN collaboration, which enables mapping routes (Hawelka, et al., 2014) while identifying POIs (points of interest) (Silva, et al., 2013b). It represents social distance, contiguity in terms of geography (Silva, et al., 2014) and social relationships (Wu, et al., 2015; Sarkar, et al., 2016). Another metric is popularity, which characterizes the history of collaborations of GSN creators in different places in a city. Some studies adopt it to assist advertisers in selecting specific sites for effective advertisement placement, or venue owners for improving attractions to customers (Li, et al., 2012). Others works use popularity for the construction of POI networks (Chen, et al., 2015; Gao, et al., 2015). According to Li, et al. (2012), GSN features — place profile, place category, and place age — affect the popularity of a place. The last variable represents the evaluation of places, based on metrics such as the number of collaborations and feedback of users, among others. Normally, an evaluation is represented by a score (Wörndl, et al., 2017) or an index. Metrics of evaluation of places are worthwhile for mapping preferences and patterns.
Most earlier studies considered variables individually or in sets of two (Abraham, et al., 2009; Noulas, et al., 2011; Wakamiya, et al., 2012). Our approach complements these past efforts by considering a multivariate characterization of content creators that enriches our notions of users.
Many earlier experiments often focused on one city (Yu, et al., 2017; Hardy and Lindtner, 2017), while some have studied multiple urban areas (Noulas, et al., 2011; Gao, et al., 2015). Most experiments focus on a single area study in Europe (Agryzkov, et al., 2017; Yang, et al., 2016; Noulas, et al., 2011) and U.S. (Noulas, et al., 2011; Chang and Sun, 2011; Gao, et al., 2015). Others consider areas in Asia (Hjorth, et al., 2012), Africa and South America (Morais and Andrade, 2014; Morais, 2015).
Another set of studies compare cities in different countries (Noulas, et al., 2011; Bawa-Cavia, 2011) or the same country (Gao, et al., 2015). Noulas, et al. (2011) observed GSN users in U.S. cities and London, compared them according to socio-spatial properties, and proposed a novel approach for modeling human activity through place classification. However, it evaluated only the creation of check-ins, not focusing on the creation of reviews or tips about urban spaces. Our study considers a larger and different set of cities, while at the same time characterizes the production of tips, which register more information related to personal impressions, feedback and information deemed useful to other users by a given content creator.
This work is an exploratory study of profiles of GSN content creators in 21 Brazilian cities. The discovery of profiles was done through a partitioning cluster analysis that helped to identify groups of content creators who acted alike. Partitioning cluster algorithms decomposed the sample into a set of disjoint clusters so that each cluster was composed of similar users, while users across clusters were less similar. This study used the k-means cluster algorithm due to its scalability and versatility.
Data collection involved two phases, both using PHP scripts. Firstly, we used the Twitter API to fetch public check-ins of Foursquare in 21 of the largest Brazilian cities from January of 2013. The result of this phase was a list of places visited by the GSN as output data. Secondly, we compiled a set of places from this corpus of check-ins and compiled the tip registers shared in each place through the Foursquare API until May of 2017. Together, the data from places, tips and user names enabled our characterization of content creators.
There were biases in the selected dataset, as noted in other investigations using big data (Honig and MacDowall, 2017; boyd and Crawford, 2012). The first point is about the privacy of users' information. This work examined details about shared content and collaborative actions of users in the GSN, not personal information. On the quality of the dataset, we mitigated the risk of unreliable information adopting the Twitter API and Foursquare API to secure patterned and authoritative first-hand information. Although Twitter API and Foursquare API presented limits in requisitions per query, this experiment guaranteed the maximum quantity of users and places due to continued observation over an extended period (2013–2017).
The dataset contains 13,783 Foursquare content creators who authored 266,678 tips in the 21 most populous Brazilian cities. These content creators created at least three tips from 24 November 2009 to 22 August 2016. The tip registers present interactions before 2013 because the history per place can contain tips before the date of check-in collecting. Our analysis considered creators with activity 10 times more or less than average as outliers, and as such were not included in this study. The incidence of content creators varied from city to city, according to the proportion of selected users per 100,000 inhabitants of a city, as shown in Figure 1. The proportion of content creators per 100,000 citizens was highest in Recife (114.26 creators per 100,000 inhabitants) and lowest in Salvador (0.93 creators per 100,000 inhabitants).
Figure 1: Proportion of GSN content creators per Brazilian city.
Metrics for cluster analysis
Cluster analyses search for groups of users according to a sets of defined dimensions. Our set of dimensions was informed by existing scales in earlier studies and adapted to suit the context of this study. In the following, we describe each of the selected metrics.
Two metrics were concerned with the characterization of preferences for places: the popularity of places in which users typically created content, and the average evaluation of places annotated by users. The popularity of a place is a function of the activity in the place, according to the GSN over a time interval. In Foursquare, the popularity of a place is reckoned according to the number of tips made by creators in that place during a period of observation. We chose tips to characterize popularity because GSNs show previous tips to the creator before they share their own tips. The popularity of places shared by a creator is then defined as the median of popularities of all places where they produce tips.
Another metric used to characterize preferences for venues is the average evaluation of places. In Foursquare, each location presents a score from 0 to 10, calculated by the GSN and based on shared information. The score is generated according to implicit and explicit feedback of content creators collaborating in venues. Our average evaluation of places where a content creator shared tips is thus the arithmetic mean score of all collaborated places by users.
Next, there were three metrics characterizing activity in space and time. The first metric, activity, was calculated as the number of tips produced by a content creator over a time interval. The second metric, variety of collaborations of content creators, gauged the number of distinct places where a content creator collaborated in Foursquare in a time interval. The third metric, distance among collaborations of the same creator, was calculated as the median of the distances, in kilometers, between each place annotated by a creator and the centroid of all venues where he or she contributed tips.
Regarding the perspective of time, we considered the periodicity of content creator activity as the median of days between consecutive collaborations of a content creator. The last metric is the social influence of a content creator. In Foursquare, a tip has three tags that work as proxies for such influences: a) likes — a tag for giving positive feedback; b) to dos — a tag for putting tips of collaborated places on a wish list; and c) lists — a tag for putting a place on a personal list. Although these tags have different purposes, they are equally important to measure the visibility and the acceptation of creators' collaborations to other GSN users. Thus, the social influence of a content creator is defined as the mean of the ratio between the sum of likes, to dos and lists by the number of followers, as shown in Equation 1. The number of followers represents the sum of users who see a tip made by their creator, and n is the number of tips created by their creator.
The creators in the dataset shared 6.6 tips in 1.7 places, on average. Moreover, each creator produced consecutive tips with an average time interval of 45.2 days and within an average distance of 1.5 km. On average, they preferred places with 53.9 previous tips, and with an evaluation average of 5.1 of score. The distribution of these metrics is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Histograms of metrics about GSN content creators. All metrics were normalized by z-score technique in order to achieve comparable sizes.
The next step was a correlation analysis to explore pairwise variation among these metrics. The Kendall correlation coefficient was chosen in that it provided a non-parametric measure of the strength of dependence between variables, measuring dependences between the ranks. According to results as noted in Figure 3, most of the selected metrics were not correlated, except the pairs: a) periodicity and variety (correlation coefficient = -0.3), and b) distance to the centroid and activity (correlation coefficient = 0.3).
Figure 3: Results of Kendall correlation per pair of metrics.
The former relation illustrated, in general, that creators in Brazilian cities who visited fewer different places tended to wait for longer time intervals before sharing consecutive tips. The second correlation indicated that creators who shared more tips tended to produce tips over a wider portion of the city.
In partitional clustering, the expert must decide the number of groups. There are several heuristics for deciding what number of groups is most appropriate for analysis. This study adopted the elbow technique to define the number of groups. This method uses a visualization of the sum of squared distances between points in cluster and their centroids as the number of clusters in the analysis progresses, as shown in Figure 4A. The most appropriate number of groups was reached when the drop in the sum of distances started decreasing, forming elbows in the line such as the two highlighted in the plot. Based on results of Figure 4A, the best choice of groups was four clusters (red circle of Figure 4A). The graph also showed a second option of 13 clusters (yellow circle of Figure 4A), but we discarded this last one as it would lead to too specific clusters.
Figure 4: Number of clusters per average cluster distances (A) and silhouette analysis for the clustering with k=4 clusters (B).
Figure 4B validated the choice of the number of clusters through a silhouette analysis. This method evaluates the similarity of one element to a cluster compared to other resulting clusters: silhouette coefficients for each point measure how far a sample is from the closest cluster to which it does not belong. A -1 coefficient states that a point is much closer to points of a cluster it does not belong to. Analogously, a coefficient of 1 represents that the point is much closer to its cluster than to other clusters. The silhouette of clusters in the 4-cluster solution suggests this number of groups provides a clear separation of content creators in four distinct profiles.
Following the suggestion of previous methods of four groups, we labeled each cluster based on the most salient characteristics of the cluster centroid. These labels are shown in Figure 5: >low frequency content creators, average content creators, mainstream content creators>, and >content producers>. To allow the comparison of metrics in different scales, the figure shows z-scores of each metric. As such, zero implies the average for that metric, and the unit is the standard deviation of that metric.
Figure 5: Collaborative metrics per group of GSN content creators. All metrics were normalized by z- score technique to have comparable sizes.
In the following, we detail each creator profile, according to their main features.
Low frequency content creators
The clustering process found 1,185 low frequency content creators in 21 Brazilian cities. Collectively, these creators authored 7,306 tips. When considered individually and compared to creators of other groups, the low frequency creators produced 3.43 tips, which represented the smallest number of produced tips per creator. They also spent the longest time between consecutive tips (mean = 311.5 days, sd = 142.23). Being less active, low frequency creators tended to visit a smaller variety of places (mean of 1.26 different places, sd = 0.43).
Average content creators
This group has 10,173 content creators and contained the highest number of creators in all the selected cities. Average creators were the main suppliers of geolocated content across all groups with a contribution summing 132,313 tips. According to the centroid of this group, average creators shared a total of tips near to the overall average (mean of 5.66 tips per creator, sd = 3.51) and they almost stayed in the same place to contribute (mean of 1.45 different places, sd = 0.48).
The average distance of places contributed to the centroid of collaborations was near the overall average. In other words, places with tips from a same creator had 1.53 kilometers of distance from each other, on average. Besides, these creators shared consecutive tips in a time interval less than a month (mean = 23.80 days, sd = 37.50), a little below average. Regarding spatial preferences, average creators selected places with an average popularity of 42 tips per place (sd = 57.2) and an average evaluation score of 5.1 (sd = 3.39), slightly lower than average. It meant that average creators focused on places with good evaluations to produce geolocated information. Finally, they presented a social influence lower than average (mean = 1.02, sd = 2.28).
Mainstream content creators
Mainstream creators had a marked preference for contributing in more popular places. This group had 1,829 creators in 15 Brazilian cities, producing 23,647 tips in well-visited venues. Together with their preference for popular places, these creators tended to choose places with an evaluation score lower than average (mean score = 4.89, sd = 3.40). Further, they did not follow GSN evaluations in selecting places for sharing tips. Perhaps, mainstream creators stopped at popular places because they imitated their friends or they had little knowledge of visited areas. The search for well-visited places made mainstream creators collaborate in the highest quantity of distinct places of all groups (mean of 3.35 different places, sd = 0.98).
As consequence of their preference for populated places, mainstream creators had the lowest social influence of GSN users (mean = 0.77, sd = 1.83). The creation of useful tips in popular places was a difficult process. They also produced a sum of tips below the average (mean of 5.42 tips per creator, sd = 3.4) and shared consecutive tips in a mean time interval lower than average (mean = 3.87 days, sd = 19.20). It other words, mainstream creators produced fewer tips in a shorter time. Therefore, the collaboration of mainstream creators concentrated in the smallest areas because they roamed the lowest distances of all groups (mean = 0.94 km., sd = 4.35).
Content producers
The 596 content producers of samples shared 30,676 tips in 16 Brazilian cities, excluding the cities of Brasília, Campinas, Salvador, São Bernardo do Campo and Teresina. They were the most productive collaborators (mean of 32.09 tips per creator, sd = 13.92). Also, producers collaborated in the highest quantity of different places (mean of 1.85 different places, sd = 0.64) and they spent the least time to produce consecutive tips (mean of 3.71 days, sd = 9.83).
All participation was concentrated in small areas because the average distance among visited places was lower than average (mean = 3.10 km., sd = 14.14). Moreover, producers favor places with popularity (mean = 51.7 tips, sd = 82.83) and average evaluation score (mean = 4.85 of score, sd = 3.47) to sharing tips. Thus, they represented the highest social influence (mean = 1.08, sd = 2.64) and this good acceptance of producers' tips was an incentive for high collaboration.
Insights about groups of creators
Regarding GSNs, other features gave feedback on the visibility of contributions, namely followings and followers. The tag of followings represented the sum of tips' authors that a creator sees in GSNs and followers are the number of users who see the collaborations of this creator. We discovered that the average content creators followed the highest number of users in Foursquare (192.61 users) and producers presented the opposite conduct (163.99 users). Perhaps, content producers learned less than average creators with shared opinions about places. Lastly, low frequency creators and mainstream creators presented a similar number of followings in Foursquare (176.46 and 177.35 followings, respectively).
Based on followers, producers had the highest number of followers (308.17 users) and low frequency creators had the lowest (185.94 users). Producers did not seek the opinions of others in Foursquare, but they had numerous followers considering their tips. Thus, the know-how present in producers' content was sought out by GSN users. Further, low frequency creators preferred using geolocated information to sharing it in GSNs. Finally, average creators had a number of followers similar to that of mainstream creators (249.19 and 236.59 followers, respectively).
By tf-IDF (term frequency-inverse document frequency), we detected some particularities among groups related to important terms of shared content. For example, tips of four profiles considered the words "place", "attendance" and "food" to be important terms. It seemed GSN creators in Brazilian cities felt comfortable sharing geolocated information about food as well as aspects of a place, like attendance. Tips shared by mainstream creators regarded the word "people" as a frequent term, which illustrated their interest in crowded places. Obviously, all groups included women and men as creators, as shown in Figure 6. However, men represented the majority of creators in all groups. Nonetheless, the biggest difference between genders occurred among average creators.
Figure 6: Distribution of cities per group of creators.
We detected a variety of groups among the selected Brazilian cities, as shown in the heat map (Figure 7). Regarding details, some cities in Southeast Brazil concentrated specific types of content creators. For example, relative to tips, the activity of low frequency creators, mainstream creators and producers in Brazilian cities was more concentrated than the activity of average creators. Although average creators produced the most tips in the GSN, they were well distributed throughout the country.
Figure 7: Intensity of participation of low frequency creators (a), average creators (b), mainstream creators (c) and producers (d) in cities of Brazil.
We then further checked the profiles per city, as shown in Figure 8. The graph identified that average creators are the majority in all Brazilian cities. However, producers and low frequency creators were the minority in all towns. Producers were present mostly in Manaus, Recife and Rio de Janeiro; these cities are capitals in different regions of Brazil with populations greater than 1.5 million. At last, the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo have the highest incidence of mainstream creators. These two last cities are the main metropoles of Brazil with uncountable options of crowded places in GSNs. Lastly, we identified that the city of Salvador contained just one type of creator in the entire city. It meant that the city had only average creators collaborating in the GSN.
Figure 8: Distribution of cities per group of content creators.
Average creators represented the most balanced group due to their attitude to create and to consume geolocated information equally. Besides, their creators trusted in GSN evaluations of places to share new tips. For system administrators, the elaboration of mechanisms may encourage the collaboration of average creators, like showing the best-evaluated places in an area when necessary.
Mainstream creators are the sniffers of popular places and they are valuable for urban analysts to map areas with a high flow of GSN users in cities. Lastly, content producers provide the main source of information in GSN. This group influences other GSN users when its creators do not follow the flow of places. Further, they are critical in all cities — due to their ability to discover new places — and a role model of collaborative behavior for all creators.
All groups of creators roamed short distances during interaction with the GSN. In the case of mainstream creators, they looked for a specific type of place that was a hot spot place in a hot spot area. Besides, low frequency and average creators collaborated little, compared with other groups. Finally, producers roamed shorter distances to share more information at the same time, compared with other groups.
GSNs play an important role in obtaining a detailed and complete snapshot of cities due to their massive scale and lack of proper tools. We found an absence of studies that privilege a variety of GSN creators in Brazilian cities. The main contribution of this study was the mapping of patterns among creators of a GSN used in Brazilian cities. We determined four groups according to collaborative metrics of creators.
Our experiments demonstrated that the challenge of investigating the diversity of content creators was also related to the correct selection of collaborative metrics. The investigation of the collaborative behavior of GSN creators opens new perspectives for profiles in a different urban context. Understanding the diversity of content creators can improve the mechanisms used in the choice of places in GSNs, such as recommendations and information filtering.
Each group was important to GSNs. Firstly, producers represented a role model of participation in GSNs. However, they were weak receivers of GSN information because they consumed little information from other creators. The presence of producers was essential to generate content in GSNs and to elaborate strategies able to change GSN creators into producers. The main information receiver was the average creator, who presented a balance between consumption and creation of geolocated content.
Mainstream creators were "mappers" of popular places but in small areas. The last group was the low frequency creators and they represented a low level of collaboration in GSNs. So, geolocated systems need elaborate mechanisms that keep low frequency creators from becoming lurkers.
We also detected a lack of creators who would travel significant distances during GSN interactions. Perhaps, this was due to socioeconomic factors in Brazilian cities. An interesting line of investigation might be the comparison of cities with different socioeconomic realities. Future work should study the profiles of content creators in Brazilian cities separately, according to collaborative metrics used in this experiment. It also seems promising to investigate creators in other Brazilian cities and verify whether the presence of the four profiles of creators found in this study are present there, too. The investigation of creators helps to understand how they deal with GSNs in different urban perspectives. Moreover, it opens new possibilities for recommending techniques relevant to the city, real-time detection of creator profiles and upgrading GSNs by leveraging awareness of their urban context.
About the authors
Aline Marques Morais, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Brazil.
E-mail: alinemorais [at] copin [dot] ufcg [dot] edu [dot] br
Nazareno Andrade Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Brazil.
E-mail: nazareno [at] lsd [dot] ufcg [dot] edu [dot] br
A. Abraham, A.-E. Hassanien and V. Snasel (editors), 2009. Computational social network analysis: Trends, tools and research advances. London: Springer-Verlag.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312712471581, accessed 10 November 2017.
T. Agryzkov, P. Martí, L. Tortosa and J. F. Vicent, 2017. "Measuring urban activities using Foursquare data and network analysis: A case study of Murcia (Spain)," International Journal of Geographical Information Science, volume 31, number 1, pp. 100–121.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312712471581, accessed 10 November 2017.
A. Bawa-Cavia, 2011. "Sensing the urban: Using location-based social network data in urban analysis," at http://www.cavvia.net/media/SensingTheUrban-BawaCavia.pdf, accessed 10 November 2017.
d. boyd and K. Crawford, 2012. "Critical questions for big data: Provocations for a cultural, technological, and scholarly phenomenon," Information, Communication & Society, volume 15, number 5, pp. 662–679.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.678878, accessed 10 November 2017.
C. Brown, N. Lathia, C. Mascolo, A. Noulas and V. Blondel, 2014. "Group colocation behavior in technological social networks," PloS ONE, volume 9, number 8, e105816.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105816, accessed 10 November 2017.
J. Chang and E. Sun, 2011. "Location3: How users share and respond to location-based data on social networking sites," Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, pp. 74–80, and at https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM11/paper/view/2898, accessed 10 November 2017.
C. Chen, D. Zhang, B. Guo, X.; Ma, G. Pan and Z. Wu, 2015. "TripPlanner: Personalized trip planning leveraging heterogeneous crowdsourced digital footprints," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, volume 16, number 3, pp. 1,259–1,273.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2014.2357835, accessed 10 November 2017.
M. Chen, F. Li, G. Yu and D. Yang, 2016. "Extreme learning machine based point-of-interest recommendation in location-based social networks," Proceedings of ELM-2015, volume 2, pp. 249–261.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28373-9_21, accessed 10 November 2017.
M. J. Chorley, R. M. Whitaker and S. M. Allen, 2015. "Personality and location-based social networks," Computers in Human Behavior, volume 46, pp. 45–56.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.038, accessed 10 November 2017.
J. Cranshaw, R. Schwartz, J. Hong and N. Sadeh, 2012. "The Livehoods Project: Utilizing social media to understand the dynamics of a city," Sixth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, pp. 58–65, and at https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM12/paper/view/4682, accessed 10 November 2017.
H. Gao and H. Liu, 2014. "Data analysis on location-based social networks," In: A. Chin and D. Zhang (editors). Mobile social networking: An innovative approach. New York: Springer, pp. 165–194.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8579-7_8, accessed 10 November 2017.
H. Gao, J. Tang, X. Hu and H. Liu, 2015. "Content-aware point of interest recommendation on location-based social networks," AAAI'15: Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1,721–1,727.
J. Hardy and S. Lindtner, 2017. "Constructing a desiring user: Discourse, rurality, and design in location-based social networks," CSCW '17: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, pp. 13–25.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998347, accessed 10 November 2017.
B. Hawelka, I. Sitko, E. Beinat, S. Sobolevsky, P. Kazakopoulos and C. Ratti, 2014. "Geo-located Twitter as proxy for global mobility patterns," Cartography and Geographic Information Science, volume 41, number 3, pp. 260–271.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2014.890072, accessed 10 November 2017.
L. Hjorth, R. Wilken and K. Gu, 2012. "Ambient intimacy: A case study of the iPhone, presence, and location-based social media in Shanghai, China," In: L. Hjorth, J. Burgess and I. Richardson (editors). Studying social media: Cultural technologies, mobile communication, and the iPhone. New York: Routledge, pp. 43–62.
C. D. F. Honig and L. MacDowall, 2017. "Spatio-temporal mapping of street art using Instagram," First Monday, volume 22, number 3, at http://firstmonday.org/article/view/7072/5921, accessed 10 November 2017.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v22i3.7072, accessed 10 November 2017.
L. Jin, X. Long, K. Zhang, Y.-R. Lin and J. Joshi, 2016. "Characterizing users' check-in activities using their scores in a location-based social network," Multimedia Systems, volume 22, number 1, pp. 87–98.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-014-0395-8, accessed 10 November 2017.
J. Kang and K. Lerman, 2011. "Leveraging user diversity to harvest knowledge on the social Web," 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT) and 2011 IEEE Third Inernational Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom), pp. 215–222.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/PASSAT/SocialCom.2011.106, accessed 10 November 2017.
Y. Li, M. Steiner, L. Wang, Z.-L. Zhang and J. Bao, 2012. "Dissecting Foursquare venue popularity via random region sampling," CoNEXT Student '12: Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on CoNEXT Student Workshop, pp. 21–22.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2413247.2413261, accessed 10 November 2017.
Y. Liang, J. Caverlee, Z. Cheng and K. Y. Kamath, 2013. "How big is the crowd? Event and location based population modeling in social media," HT '13: Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media, pp. 99–108.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2481492.2481503, accessed 10 November 2017.
A. Morais, 2015. "Spatial analysis about users collaboration on geo-social networks in a Brazilian city," International Journal on Web Service Computing, volume 6, number 4, http://aircconline.com/ijwsc/V6N4/6415ijwsc01.pdf, accessed 10 November 2017.
A. Morais and N. and Andrade, 2014. "The relevance of annotations shared by tourists and residents on a geo-social network during a large-scale touristic event: The case of São João," In: C. Rossitto, L. Ciolfi, D. Martin and B. Conein (editors). COOP 2014 — Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems, 27-30 May 2014, Nice (France). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International, pp. 393–408.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06498-7_24, accessed 10 November 2017.
A. Noulas, S. Scellato, C. Mascolo and M. Pontil, 2011. "Exploiting semantic annotations for clustering geographic areas and users in location-based social networks," Social Mobile Web: Papers from the 2011 ICWSM Workshop, http://www.aaai.org/Library/Workshops/ws11-02.php, accessed 10 November 2017.
D. Preoţiuc-Pietro and T. Cohn, 2013. "Mining user behaviours: A study of check-in patterns in location based social networks," WebSci '13: Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM Web Science Conference, pp. 306–315.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/2464464.2464479, accessed 10 November 2017.
S. M. Rahimi and X. Wang, 2013. "Location recommendation based on periodicity of human activities and location categories," In: J. Pei, V. S. Tseng, L. Cao, H. Motoda and G. Xu (editors). Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 7819. Berlin: Springer, pp. 377–389.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37456-2_32, accessed 10 November 2017.
D. Sarkar, R. Sieber and R. Sengupta, 2016. "GIScience considerations in spatial social networks," In: J. A. Miller, D. O'Sullivan and N. Wiegand (editors). Geographic information science. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 9927. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International, pp. 85–98.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45738-3_6, accessed 10 November 2017.
A. K. Schaar, A. C. Valdez and M. Ziefle, 2013. "The impact of user diversity on the willingness to disclose personal information," In: A. Holzinger, M. Ziefle, M. Hitz and M. Debevc (editors). Human factors in computing and informatics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 7946. Berlin: Springer, pp. 174–193.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39062-3_11, accessed 10 November 2017.
T. H. Silva, P. O. Vaz de Melo, J. M. Almeida, J. Salles, A. A. F. Loureiro, 2013a. "Social media as a source of sensing to study city dynamics and urban social behavior: Approaches, models, and opportunities," In: M. Atzmueller, A. Chin, D. Helic and A. Hotho (editors). Ubiquitous social media analysis. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 8329. Berlin: Springer, pp. 63–87.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45392-2_4, accessed 10 November 2017.
T. H. Silva, P. O. Vaz de Melo, J. M. Almeida, J. Salles, A. A. F. Loureiro, 2013b. "A picture of Instagram is worth more than a thousand words: Workload characterization and application," DCOSS '13: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, pp. 123–132.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/DCOSS.2013.59, accessed 10 November 2017.
T. H. Silva, P. O. Vaz de Melo, J. M. Almeida and A. A. F. Loureiro, 2014. "Large-scale study of city dynamics and urban social behavior using participatory sensing," IEEE Wireless Communications, volume 21, number 1, pp. 42–51.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2014.6757896, accessed 10 November 2017.
Statista, 2014. "Number of smartphone users worldwide from 2014 to 2020 (in billions)," at https://www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of-smartphone-users-worldwide/, accessed 18 February 2017.
S. M. Straathof, 2007. "Shannon's entropy as an index of product variety," Economics Letters, volume 94, number 2, pp. 297–303.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2006.08.030, accessed 10 November 2017.
H. Weber and J. Novet, 2015. "Foursquare by the numbers: 60M registered users, 50 MAUs, and 75M tips to date" (18 August), at https://venturebeat.com/2015/08/18/foursquare-by-the-numbers-60m-registered-users-50m-maus-and-75m-tips-to-date/, accessed 10 November 2017.
W. Wörndl, A. Hefele and D. Herzog, 2017. "Recommending a sequence of interesting places for tourist trips," Information Technology & Tourism, volume 17, number 1, pp. 31–54.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-017-0076-5, accessed 10 November 2017.
D. Wu, N. Mamoulis and J. Shi, 2015. "Clustering in geo-social networks," Bulletin of the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Data Engineering, at http://sites.computer.org/debull/A15june/p47.pdf, accessed 10 November 2017.
F. Wu and Z. and Li, 2016. "Where did you go: Personalized annotation of mobility records," CIKM '16: Proceedings of the 25th ACM International on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 589–598.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/2983323.2983845, accessed 10 November 2017.
J. Yang, C. Hauff, G.-J. Houben and C. T. Bolivar, 2016. "Diversity in urban social media analytics," In: A. Bozzon, P. Cudre-Maroux and C. Pautasso (editors). Web engineering. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 9671. Chaum, Switzerland: Springer International, pp. 335–353.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38791-8_19, accessed 10 November 2017.
C. Yu, B. Xiao, D. Yao, X. Ding and H. Jin, 2017. "Using check-in features to partition locations for individual users in location based social network," Information Fusion, volume 37, number C, pp. 86–97.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2017.01.006, accessed 10 November 2017.
J. Zhang, X. Kong and P. S. Yu, 2016. "Social badge system analysis," 2016 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM), pp. 453–460.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ASONAM.2016.7752274, accessed 10 November 2017.
Editorial history
Received 4 June 2017; revised 30 August 2017; accepted 10 November 2017.
"Profiles of mapping of content creators in a geo-social network: The case of 21 Brazilian cities" by Aline Morais and Nazareno Andrade is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Profiles of mapping of content creators in a geo-social network: The case of 21 Brazilian cities
by Aline Marques Morais and Nazareno Andrade.
First Monday, Volume 22, Number 12 - 4 December 2017
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v22i112.7927
A Great Cities Initiative of the University of Illinois at Chicago University Library.
© First Monday, 1995-2019. ISSN 1396-0466.


text:
It is about to start. Mark Januzevski "the lazies networker" has a very unique and special course called the MKMMA that start ones every year. This year I am going to take part in it, and I feel so excited.
I have followed Mark for quite a while now and am amazed in his excellent MLM skills and the way he teaches them for free. When I saw that this years mastermind course was up for grabs it did not take me long to decide. I want in. So I applied and got granted a scholarship. Tomorrow it will start…
This is not a usual education where they tell you what to do. Here you get to know how you do it. From the inside out depending on who you are and where you are in life.
I am really excited, and am looking forward to it.
Will try to keep my journey posted
Take care,
P.s please leave a comment and wish me luck 🙂

subset: commoncrawl


text:
It's March 1, and although it's 30 degrees in Chicago with snow in the forecast, March means I start to think spring! Even though there may not be any flowers on the ground, you can add flowers to your sweet treats any time. Check out these ideas.
1. Touch of Violet Cupcakes. Pipe a simple flower petal design around the top of a cupcake and accent the petals with Wilton Color Mist food color spray. It's a fast and easy way to add color – pick a few different colors and make a bouquet!
2. Polka-Dotted Flower Cake. Celebrate a brand-new spring season with this buttercream-iced cake decorated with colorful flowers piped using the bead technique.
3. Buttercream Flowers: The Hydrangea. Hydrangea flowers in buttercream add impressive elegance to any cake. Watch how it's done here:
4. Garden Shapes Cookies. Spring shapes and on-trend colors combine with a great woven texture to make these the cookies.
5. Marshmallow Petal Topped Cupcakes. Ordinary marshmallows are trimmed into petals, sprayed with Color Mist food color spray and planted atop a tasty cupcake!
6. Sweet Sunflower Candies. While the peak season for sunflowers is the summer months, I can't resist the bright and cheerful look of these sweet candies. They're so easy to make and are sure to brighten someone's day!
7. Distinctive Daisy Marshmallow Treats. Spring's signature icing flower sits on a springy, scrumptious marshmallow! Create the beautiful shade of blue with Color Mist food color spray and decorate with pretty Sugar Pearls.


text:
You need the latest version of Adobe Flash Player to view this video.
Click here to download.
You are seeing this message either because your Flash Player is outdated or because your browser does not support HTML5 player.
Select video quality
love all that cum. Like to swallow it too
damn, that is so sexually Delicious. I would be such a good cum sucking receiver. I wish I could be in videos like this!
Even some simultaneous orgasms !!
DOES ANYONE KNOW THE VIDEO AT 5:25? I want to see the full video ❤❤❤
geil abgespritzt....
I suck cock so l can get my reward just like this. I love to eat cum
so many great cumshots. 10 min is especially hot as is 3.40
Login to your RedTube account!
You are now leaving RedTube
Offering exclusive content not available on RedTube.com Super affordable at only $9.99 /month


text:
The speculation of Islam being behind this was because of the banner being held in the window, but according to experts it was not one that the terrorists would use. This man was hoping the police would think that it was a terrorist attack, but they did their homework and quickly knew it was based on home politics, not Middle East politics.
The seige is over, but it's unclear if the man or some hostages may have been killed. We do know that possibly 3 or 4 were injured, but it's too early to know all of the facts. One thing is clear, this man is mentally ill and thought of himself as a wanna be terrorist and cleric.
http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/lindt-chocola ... 278cx.html
@@@@@The man who is holding more than a dozen people hostage and placed Sydney's CBD into lockdown is no stranger to the NSW police or the judiciary.
Self-described cleric, Man Haron Monis, 50, first came to attention of police when he penned poisonous letters to the family of dead Australian soldiers.
http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/sydney-sieg ... -1.2148151
The flag is the black standard flag of the Shahada, an Islamic statement of faith, according to former Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) agent Michel Juneau-Katsuya.
Cafe under siege in Martin Place
"This is not the flag that the Islamic State is using. It is the black standard flag or Shahada, which is sort of a statement of faith that some will use, but it is not an ISIS flag," Juneau-Katsuya told CP24.
"Shahada," which translates to "testimony" in Arabic, is an Islamic statement declaring the belief in God, and Muhammad as the messenger of God. Shahada is the first of the five pillars of Islam, and expresses a Muslims' commitment to the religion. The statement is not meant to be used in a hostile nature. It is even featured on some national flags, including that of Saudi Arabia.


text:
Get Close ... with Designer Michael Bastian
by Renata Certo-Ware
Michael Bastian has been based in NYC since the mid-'80s, but he has a soft spot for New England — his college stomping grounds. After earning his business degree at Babson, he took the first job that covered rent, an assistant-buyer gig at Brooklyn's Abraham & Strauss. "I had no idea where Brooklyn was, but I knew it was close enough to New York," Bastian laughs. Next came stints at Sotheby's, Tiffany & Co., Polo Ralph Lauren, and Bergdorf Goodman, where he served as the men's fashion director. Then, in 2006, he launched his eponymous line. Last year, the CFDA named him Menswear Designer of the Year, and he's added womenswear to his résumé with his line for GANT, which opened its first New England store at 324 Newbury Street this month. While GANT's team prepared to open their doors, we got Bastian to open up too.
Word on the street is that Boston helped inspire many of your GANT designs. True? Boston's always been a favorite city of mine. The Fall 2012 collection in particular was directly inspired by my time at Babson in Wellesley. Going to school in the suburbs and getting into the city every chance I could get made it that much more exciting, more vivid, and it really stuck with me. The beautiful thing about Boston is that it's always changing, but in a way it never changes. Half the population grew up there, the classic half, and the other half is changing every semester. Yet Boston manages to retain its own personality so clearly.
I've read that your design process is to create something perfect and then rough it up a bit. What's the philosophy behind that? I want you to be able to wear the clothes you own, even if it's the most beautiful, perfectly made cashmere sweater. It's like knocking the whole thing off a pedestal a little bit. You should be able to wear it every day without having that guilty feeling, like, "These are my dress-up clothes; why am I wearing this to go to the supermarket?"
It's like how old people have plastic-covered couches you can't sit on. Or women who have this beautiful jewelry they keep in a bank vault. What's the point? Here's where my business education comes in: buy less, buy better, and really wear it! It's the opposite mentality of that whole fast-fashion thing. In my 20s and 30s, I didn't have a lot of money, but I knew what I wanted. I would save money, and I would wear it until it fell apart. To me, that is pure Yankee, pure Boston. You can see one of those old guys walking around Beacon Hill in the ratty old Shetland sweater and the perfectly washed-out wide-wale corduroys, and you just know that guy has owned that stuff since 1974. And it still works, and it probably looks better now than when he first bought it.
Some designers completely separate themselves from their work. Lagerfeld wears black Dior jeans and fingerless gloves; Armani has his black T-shirts. You perfectly embody both your lines. Do you reflect your designs, or do your designs reflect you? The designs reflect me. When I start a collection, I always think, "What do I want right now?" It's all very personal, which I don't think is a bad thing. I'm a normal-enough guy, so if I'm looking for something, there's probably a bunch of guys who are looking for it too.
You've been on both sides of the runway, as a designer and as a buyer. Where do you feel at home? I definitely prefer being on the designer side. The weird thing about doing a runway show as a designer is you have an incredibly huge, complicated party, but you're in the back; you miss it. It's almost like you missed your own wedding. You don't even know what happened until you see the video, read the reviews, and see the pictures. I did used to love going to shows, though. I actually cried at a show.
Which show? A Jil Sander show, right after Jil left the brand. It was actually one of my first menswear shows. It was beautiful, with Radiohead music. . . . Maybe I was just exhausted: you're jetlagged, going to 14 shows a day, hungry, vulnerable. But being moved like that renews my faith. . . . That's how I know I'm doing the right job, because I still have that capacity to be swept away like that.
What fashion faux pas makes you want to run across the street and slap someone in the face? Oh man! Every time I say, "Never do this, never do that," I'll walk outside the next day and see someone rocking it! On the right person, anything can work! But let's say square-toed shoes. They're really hard on the eyes.


text:
It is called satire: a mix of sarcasm and humo(u)r. Normal persons have sense of humor. Afflicts of all sorts do not possess such quality. The telltale sign of an afflicted person is lack of humor.
Psychorm and Psychoodoo and you definitely belong in that category.
But beware of the opposite: Nam risu inepto res ineptior nulla est.


text:
UVA and tetrachromats
Birds use UVA in the way that they view the world. This is called Tetrachromacy, this is the term used to describe the addition of the all important fourth cone cell in the eye of birds, reptiles and some fish. The inclusion of these four cone shaped cells and the oil droplets that they contain effectively opens up a whole new world to tetrachomats. Humans using three rod cells (trichromacy) can only reportedly view the world with around one million colours. Tetrachromats are able to see around 100 million colours. The inclusion of this fourth cone cell allows the bird to see wavelengths of light that humans simply cannot see i.e far into red and blue and also into the ultra violet wavelength.
UVA is described as the wavelengths of light ranging between 320nm and 400nms. This wavelength is not short enough to start the D3 cycle on its own but has many other reported positive effects in and around birds and reptiles. A balanced natural provision of the correct UVA wavelengths will not only allow the animal to view the world in a more natural way but has been linked to a better feeding response, a more constructive social behavioural pattern and is now also starting to be linked to the production of certain hormones and chemical responses in the brain. A fully illuminated photoperiod including UVA has also been shown to aid in beneficial preening and daily cleaning.
It is vital that we do not confuse full spectrum lamps that have a pleasing natural daylight colour with UV emitting full spectrum lamps; they are totally different!!


text:
The September releases librarians around the country are recommending include a number of new titles from some of your favorite authors including Tana French, Ian McEwan, and Kim Harrison. But don't miss the authors who may not already be on your radar. Lauren Oliver is well-known among teens, but her newest novel, Rooms, is a family drama especially for adults (and told by two ghosts who just can't seem to get along). Horrorstor, a Scandanavian furniture store (think Ikea) is being haunted by some very different kinds of ghosts. No matter which recommendation you take, September offers some great reads to take us into fall.
Smoke Gets in Your Eyes: And Other Lessons from the Crematory by Caitlin Doughty
Published: 9/15/2014
by W.W. Norton & Company
"Part memoir, part exposé of the death industry, and part instruction manual for aspiring morticians. First-time author Doughty has written an attention-grabbing book that is sure to start some provocative discussions. Fans of Mary Roach's Stiff and anyone who enjoys an honest, well-written autobiography will appreciate this quirky story."
Patty Falconer, Hampstead Public Library, Hampstead, NH
Station Eleven: A Novel by Emily St. John Mandel
Published: 9/9/2014 by Knopf
"An actor playing King Lear dies onstage just before a cataclysmic event changes the future of everyone on Earth. What will be valued and what will be discarded? Will art have a place in a world that has lost so much? What will make life worth living? These are just some of the issues explored in this beautifully written dystopian novel. Recommended for fans of David Mitchell, John Scalzi and Kate Atkinson."
Janet Lockhart, Wake County Public Libraries, Cary, NC
The Secret Place by Tana French
Published: 9/2/2014 by Viking Adult
"French has broken my heart yet again with her fifth novel, which examines the ways in which teenagers and adults can be wily, calculating, and backstabbing, even with their friends. The tension-filled flashback narratives, relating to a murder investigation in suburban Dublin, will keep you turning pages late into the night."
Alison McCarty, Nassau County Public Library System, Callahan, FL
Rooms: A Novel by Lauren Oliver
Published: 9/23/2014 by Ecco
"A family comes to terms with their estranged father's death in Oliver's first novel for adults. Told from the perspective of two ghosts living in the old house, this unique story weaves characters and explores their various past connections. Great book!"
Rachel Fewell, Denver Public Library, Denver, CO
The Children Act by Ian McEwan
Published: 9/9/2014 by Nan A. Talese
"Judge Fiona Maye is at a difficult point in her marriage. Taking refuge in addressing other people's problems in family court, Fiona extends herself more than usual, meeting a boy whose future is in her hands. McEwan is a masterful observer of human distress. With a simple story and flawed, genuine characters, this novel is poignant and insightful."
Jennifer Alexander, St. Louis County Library, St. Louis, MO
The Distance: A Thriller by Helen Giltrow
Published: 9/9/2014 by Doubleday
"Imagine a modern-day Robin Hood who deals not in money, but identity. Karla, the protagonist of The Distance, is a tech guru with a conscience, and the security of several nations dependent on her. This nuanced book kept me on the edge of my seat. I cannot wait until the next one comes out."
Cathy Scheib, Indianapolis Public Library, Indianapolis, IN
Horrorstor: A Novel by Grady Hendrix
Published: 9/23/2014 by Quirk Books
"You know how some horror movies would work better as novels? Horrorstor is that book, perfectly capturing everything that is terrific about the horror genre. In its catalog-style pages, you'll find a hefty dose of satire, as a Scandinavian furniture store is transformed overnight into a prison. With characters that you're rooting for and terror that creeps up on you, Horrorstor will keep you up all night in the best possible way."
Donna Matturri, Pickerington Public Library, Pickerington, OH
The Paying Guests by Sarah Waters
Published: 9/16/2014 by Riverhead
"You can almost bet that a situation with long-term guests–paying or not–is not going to turn out well. This novel by Waters, who many know from her earlier books Tipping the Velvet and The Little Stranger, will keep you turning the page to see just how tense things can get, and how far fear and passion can push someone."
Elizabeth Angelastro, Manlius Library, Manlius, NY
The Witch with No Name by Kim Harrison
Published: 9/9/2014 by Harper Voyager
"In this book, Harrison ends her long-running Hollows series, featuring witch Rachel Morgan, vampire Ivy, and pixy Jenks. Rachel's come a long way; now, she and her friends attempt the impossible and face their toughest battle yet. Harrison skillfully wraps up many plot points, leaving readers sad that the series is over but satisfied by its ending. Fans will surely cheer Rachel on and shed a tear or two."
Ilene Lefkowitz, Denville Public Library, Denville, NJ
Season of Storms by Susanna Kearsley
Published: 9/2/2014 by Sourcebooks Landmark
"Once again, Kearsley introduces you to a cast of characters who will quickly hold a special place in your heart. Celia and Alex mirror lovers from decades past, sharing similar secrets and passions. Flashbacks are woven seamlessly into the storyline, and the strong family component is handled beautifully, with surprising twists and turns."
Marianne Colton, Lockport Public Library, Lockport, NY


text:
The city's second "Nightlife Safety Summit" today included plenty of happy and well-intended talk about collaboration and the need for increasing cooperation between club owners, promoters and the police, but in the wake of the wave of violence at entertainment events in and around the city, there was a none-too-unspoken "or else" at the end of the discussions.
"I'm here to work with you," Police Commander Kitt Crenshaw of the city's Entertainment Task Force told about 100 people from the local club and entertainment scene at the Koret Auditorium at the Main Library. "I'm not the enemy. I'm not the war on fun."
But people in the industry have to remember that the city's focus is on the public and public safety, he said.
"When people are dying, something needs to be changed," Crenshaw said.
People have been dying. Just last week, a 19-year-old was shot to death during the Pink Saturday celebration in the Castro. A rowdy rave at the Cow Palace in late May left two people dead of suspected drug overdoses, put seven others in the hospital and resulted in more than 60 drug-related arrests. A police officer was shot earlier this month trying to break up a fight outside a Mission District night club.
But it was the February shooting at Club Suede at Fisherman's Wharf, which left a 19-year-old man dead and four others wounded in a hail of gunfire, that kicked off an ongoing examination of the way clubs are licensed and controlled.
"There's almost an event a month where a tragedy happens in or around a night club in San Francisco," Supervisor David Chiu told the crowd. Mayor Gavin Newsom's proposal to disband the Entertainment Commission, which includes members from the club scene, and return licensing decisions to the police is only one of the tough measures that could come down if the situation continues, he added.
There were plenty of grim faces in the crowd, but there was also a grudging agreement that something needs to be done, whether it's tighter security, a closer relationship with police or an increased willingness for club owners and promoters to work together on safety issues that affect them all.
"When something bad happens at a nightclub in San Francisco, it's bad for all our businesses," said Brit Hahn, a SOMA nightclub owner.


text:
The SAT has a deep-seated cultural importance. For many students, it's the single most significant test they will take in the course of their education. It's no big surprise, then, that there's plenty of junk info on the test; people get scared of it, and rumors get spread. It doesn't help any that there are lots of less-than-upstanding test prep companies with their own agendas to fuel the misconception fire.
Is the SAT basically an I.Q. test?
This is more complicated than either the College Board or most large test prep companies would have you believe. The College Board says that the test is a reflection of your academic achievements—that many of the skills you learn in school are directly tested. That's half the truth, if even that.
Meanwhile, Princeton Review gives a different answer to this question: "Your SAT scores reflect how good you are at taking the SAT (as well as how much time you spent preparing)–and that's about it." This is different than the College Board's intention of testing your academic achievements. As you can see, opinions on this topic vary. The reality really lies somewhere in between the two.
It's true that preparing for the test will raise your scores. It's also true that many of the skills tested are test-specific. Think about functioning under time pressure, for example—when else in your life will you have a situation like this, other than on standardized tests? Or how about multiple choice guessing strategies?
But what they want you to believe is that they have some magic key that will unlock the test for you—that SAT questions are just sneaky tricks. That's nonsense. Doing well on the SAT is actually about three things:
1. Knowing the concepts, rules, and academic vocabulary. This is the most important piece, and can come from school studies or test-specific preparation.
2. Knowing how to take a standardized test effectively. The only way to improve this is with test-specific preparation.
3. Innate logical abilities. A monkey can't be trained to take the SAT and score well, no matter what. Meanwhile, a student who figured out how to solve a Rubik's cube on their own will do pretty well, regardless of how much attention they pay in school. This is only a piece of the whole picture, but it is there, like it or not.
You can improve, yes; everybody can improve. But the big picture is more complicated than most "experts" will admit to.
How much time do I need to study for the SAT?
There are two common mistakes here, but the most important one to avoid is starting studies too late. Many students only start studying a few weeks before the exam, and that's not ideal. In a perfect world, in order to be sure that you really built up your math knowledge, vocabulary, and test taking skills as much as possible, you'd have 2 or 3 months to prepare. It's possible to make an effective one month SAT study schedule, but it takes serious devotion if you're really going to bring up your score.
Does studying Latin actually help?
It can, but not nearly as much as studying English does. If you want to bring up your verbal score, there's absolutely nothing better than reading as much high-level material as possible. Word lists and flashcards are useful if they're used right—you really have to know how to remember SAT vocabulary—but it's the reading, the natural expansion of your vocabulary, that has the greatest effect on your scores. Most of the reading comprehension questions don't rely heavily on vocabulary; they test how comfortable you are with difficult texts in general. So that's what you should be practicing.
That being said, reading takes time. It may even take too much time, depending on your schedule, so cramming English vocabulary can help. But don't worry about Latin.
How hard is SAT math?
That question's a bit tricky to answer, but everyone seems to be asking it. So just how hard is SAT math? Well, the core concepts that are tested are no harder than most sophomore high school classes. The majority of SAT takers actually studied every math concept on the test, and many of them finished covering those topics years ago. There's no trigonometry, no calculus, no serious statistics—it's mostly just algebra, geometry, arithmetic and number properties. But that doesn't mean it's easy, not even for students who are taking calculus. This is where the logic I mentioned earlier comes in—the most difficult questions are puzzles. They don't demand crazy formulas or long, complicated calculations: they test reasoning. Getting better at this is partly just about getting to know the types of puzzles that the SAT uses (and the common traps), so it's not exactly something you've learned in school.
So you might hear one person say that SAT math is easy, and they're right, in a way: it's all from relatively basic areas of math. And you might hear another person say that it's actually really hard, and they're right too. The tricky questions are really tricky, even if the formulas are basic enough.
This post was written by Lucas Verney-Fink, resident SAT expert at Magoosh, providing online SAT prep. For more advice on taking the SAT, check out Magoosh's SAT blog.


text: Elizabeth, Delightfully Tacky March 27, 2015 a colorful modcloth wish list + giveaway! Elizabeth, Delightfully Tacky March 27, 2015 I don't know if it's the graphic designer in me or what, but any time I go to put together a wish list, I always want to separate things by color. Today I'm doing a giveaway for a $100 gift certificate to ModCloth, but I also wanted to share some of my favorite things, inspired by the new design's color scheme! Things have been really spring-y here in the PNW so I'm feeling really inspired by spring colors and outfits. With festival season starting, there are a ton of festival-style wish lists popping up, and while I love festival/bohemian style as much as the next girl, right now I'm much more into graphic, bold, colorful styles. What style are you feeling right now? Has festival fever hit you yet? I actually have never been to a music festival before! I'm not super into music and going to concerts, but I would love to go to a music festival one day. We've got some big ones here in Washington. I have lots of friends who have done Sasquatch, and quite a few who have gone down to California for Coachella, but the tickets are pretty steep and I'm just not in the loop to pay attention to when they go on sale and such. Are any of you planning on going to a music festival this year? Which one? Have you gone in the past? Was it awesome? Tell me all the things! 1 // 2 // 3 // 4 // 5 // 6 // (shoes in top photo) 1 // 2 // 3 // 4 // 5 // 6 1 // 2 // 3 // 4 // 5 // 6 // 7 a Rafflecopter giveaway 1 // 2 // 3 // 4 // 5


text:
aviary.com :: online adobe creative suite! for free!!!
thanks to tech guru max kelley, i found out about a great alternative to the adobe creative suite for those of you who don't have the money or don't want to do any illegal downloading.
the program is called aviary (www.aviary.com) and has many very similar attributes to the adobe creative suite. the photoshop program ("image editor") looks and runs basically the same.
the best part is, its web-based, so you do not need to download anything to your computer!


text:
Wisp it Away with a NEW Colgate Wisp!/
The idea for this portable and disposable handy dandy teeth cleansing and breath freshening device has been a long time in the making. Colgate Wisp is perfect for on the go teeth touch-ups.
The Wisp is a single-use mini-toothbrush with a breath freshening bead to give you a clean, fresh mouth with no water or rinsing required. Smaller than a lip-gloss, you can keep Colgate Wisp with you for anytime you may need it. Colgate Wisp has cleaning bristles which gently remove food and plaque from between teeth and along the gum line, giving you a just brushed clean. As you brush, a refreshing, liquid filled bead (available in three mint flavors) releases a burst of freshness in your mouth. No need to rinse, just brush and go.
The Wisp comes in a pocket-sized package, with each brush is individually sealed, making the Colgate Wisp an all-in-one convenient solution that allows you to clean teeth and freshen breath away from home. Choose from one of the three flavors, Peppermint, Spearmint or Cinnamint. Check them out in the oral care section of your fave drug/discount store.


text:
This is the wonderful scripture that my Stampin' Sister in Christ, Grace choose for this week.
When my kids were little they went through the "WHY" stage. Where every couple of minutes they would ask WHY? At first it was cute then it got a little annoying having to explain WHY all the time. I wonder if that is how God feels when we ask why.
It seems to me I ask WHY? more when bad things happen then when good things happen. When I see bad circumstances, I think "Why did God allow that to happen?" Are you like me? I think the verse Grace picks explains the reasons I can't understand. His thoughts and his ways are so different from mine.
I love this song by Laura Story called Blessings. This scripture goes along so well with this song. I hope you will go listen to it.
The challenge for Stampin' Sisters in Christ was to make a card that shows contrast of black and white. Our Sponsor this week is Layers of Color. I just love Layers of Color images. I used a Layers of Color set to make my card. This music set called Joyful Noise, from the moment I saw it, made me happy. I have a very musical family and this is one of my all time favorite sets.
This card is very CAS for me, but I felt that the musical flourish needed nothing more. I printed the scripture on my computer.


text:
With the current political climate, I'm more "woke" or angry about it. As in- hey, were are the people of colour in this group?
I think it's different because I grew up in China until I was 7, so everyone looked like me.
It doesn't help that you're small and cute-looking. Ugh, asian.
It wasn't until I heard friends talk about their insecurity that I looked in the mirror and thought- "Is there something wrong with me?"
Because the friends that looked like me were unhappy with how they looked.


text:
In our life, many friends and close people and not always have the time and opportunity to come up with wishes and congratulations. Thats why we created this site, we are helped to collect the best and original congratulations and wishes such as food wishes peach cobbler.
If you need to congratulate someone, we offer you a food wishes peach cobbler.
This congratulation is very original and unusual. It will definitely surprise and make his day unforgettable.
How to poison food wishes peach cobbler on Emil.
Sometimes we can not always congratulate people personally, in such cases, social networks and e-mail come to our aid. To send food wishes peach cobbler, all you need is to save the image and send it by mail.
If you were looking for an original and unforgettable food wishes peach cobbler, you got there where you need it. If the option of food wishes peach cobbler does not suit you, then look at several other options that are in the bottom of the country.


text:
May 3, 2001
Box Score
COLUMBUS, Ohio – The No. 24 Ohio State baseball team (35-12 overall, 15-5 in the Big Ten) defeated the Cincinnati Bearcats (30-18) 14-3 Thursday night in Bill Davis Stadium. UC took a 2-0 lead in the top of the first inning but OSU's Nick Swisher (So., Parkersburg, W.Va.) responded with a three run home run in the bottom half of the inning and the Buckeyes never looked back.
The Bearcats took a 2-0 lead in the top of the first inning. Brett Clark led off with a home run off starting pitcher Josh Newman (Fr., Wheelersburg, W.Va.). Later in the inning, Chris Tewes hit a RBI double to give UC its second run of the inning.
In the bottom half of the inning, the Buckeyes struck back. With one out, Mike Check (Sr., Bay Village, Ohio) lined a single to center field and Doug Dendinger (Jr., Greenwich, Ohio) followed with a walk. Swisher then took a 1-1 offering from UC starting pitcher Joey List over the left field wall for a three-run home run. The blast was his 13th of the season.
The Buckeyes blew the game open in the bottom of the fourth inning, scoring eight runs. John Mayor (Sr., Chesterfield, Mo.) and Joe Wilkins (Jr., Grove City, Ohio) drove in runs with singles. Dendinger drove in a pair with a two-run single and Steve Caravati (Fr., Dover, Ohio) drove in three with his fifth triple of the season.
UC cut the OSU lead to 11-3 in the top of the sixth inning. Chris Hamblen hit a one-run single that scored Kevin Youkilis.
The Buckeyes added three more runs in the bottom half of the sixth. Check and Dendinger scored and Caravati drove in a run on a grounder to the shortstop.
OSU's Newman picked up the win and improved to 6-2 on the season. He went a scheduled four innings, gave up five hits, two runs (both earned) and recorded two strikeouts. Matt Kamalsky (Jr., Somerset, Pa.) pitched a shutout inning of relief. UC's List (6-2) took the loss. He went five innings, gave up nine hits, 14 runs (seven earned), walked four and recorded a strikeout.
This weekend, the team travels to Bloomington, Ind., for a four-game series against the Indiana Hoosiers. The series opener on Saturday begins at 4 p.m. The Sunday doubleheader begins at 2 p.m. The series finale on Monday is set to start at 4 p.m. All games will be played at Sembower Field.


text:
Crime - Sacto 911
Update: Two arrested in Arden Arcade homicide; another sought for questioning
The crowd grew large early Sunday when two separate fights broke out and dozens of shots were fired outside the Hookah Lounge Smoke Shop.
Soon after, 20-year-old Tyrell Lamont Hall was dead.
Sheriff's detectives arrested two men Monday for their alleged involvement in the shooting at a strip mall in the 1900 block of Fulton Avenue near Alta Arden Expressway. Frank Eugene Jackson, 19, was arrested on suspicion of homicide in the killing of Hall after being hospitalized from a gunshot wound. Detectives also arrested Tana Dania, 23, on suspicion of homicide and attempted homicide.
Angelo Mares, a friend of Hall's, said Sunday he believed the victim was struck by a stray bullet as a bystander. But Sacramento County Sheriff's Department spokeswoman Lisa Bowman said Hall was involved in an altercation with at least one person and was shot when he turned around to leave.
When Sacramento County sheriff's deputies arrived about 1:15 a.m. Sunday at the Hookah Lounge parking lot, they found Hall the victim of a gunshot wound. He was pronounced dead at the scene.
Those involved in the shootout scattered before police arrived, and detectives have not yet determined the motive for the gunfire.
Dozens of shots were fired, and up to five people were hit, including Hall, based on reports of patients being admitted into local hospitals, including UC Davis Medical Center and Mercy General Hospital that night, Bowman said.
"Appears that there were a lot of armed people at this little gathering," she said.
The Hookah Lounge billed the night as "Sexy Saturday," an 18-and-over party with DJ Will Yum, belly dancers and go-go dancers, according to a post on owner Omar Nayebkhil's Facebook page.
Neighboring business owners, who saw crusting blood splattered on their establishment's patios and parking lots Monday, expressed little surprise at the fatal outcome and observed that the Hookah Lounge nightlife scene had long been problematic. In the past year, the Sheriff's Department responded to 21 calls at the establishment, ranging from assaults and robberies to general disturbances.
Duke Cadwell, who has managed Car Care Center on nearby Juniper Lane since 1992, said ever since the Hookah Lounge went into business, he has picked up broken liquor bottles every Monday morning. He believes the discarded glass is left behind by lounge patrons who choose to park and drink in front of his business at night.
But Nayebkhil, 24, said Monday that alcohol isn't sold at his establishment. He said his employees do what they can to control the crowds of young patrons at the lounge, some as young as 18.
"We have security and have surveillance after we close," he said. "I specifically pay money to clean up every week."
Homicide detectives seek the public's help in identifying a man who was at the scene. They believe the man "has significant information related to the events," according to a Sheriff's Department press release.
He is described as a black man in his late 20s to early 30s, about 5 feet, 9 inches tall with a heavy build. At the time of the shooting he was wearing a light-colored baseball cap and white T-shirt.


text:
Our School Vision
Achievement of Pupils If our children are emotionally intelligent, they are self-aware. If they are self-aware, they are able to self-regulate. They can then be motivated to achieve. If they can work through these intelligences, they are then able to empathise (be sympathetic) and develop good social skills.
Quality of Teaching
At Middleton Primary School we believe in growing hearts and minds. We achieve this by providing high quality education, which meets the needs of all our learners. Also by providing a high quality, stimulating and relevant curriculum, that meets the needs of every child. We welcome all pupils and provide the best experiences for them, regardless of race, religion, gender, culture and sexual orientation and identity.
Behaviour and Safety of Pupils
Ensuring our children have the right to a caring, safe and welcoming environment, where everyone feels valued and where all members of the school community have the opportunity to fulfil their full potential.
Promoting rights and responsibilities. The right to a quality education. Teaching children that they are responsible for taking advantage of the opportunities that are available to them.
We are also responsible for building our children's self-esteem – building their overall sense of self-worth. The greater their self-esteem, then the greater their confidence and the more likely they are to engage with the curriculum.
Leadership and Management
Together we achieve. We aspire to provide a world class education because our children deserve nothing less.
When our children leave our school we aim for them to be:
* Responsible and independent learners
* Accepting and respectful citizens in the global world we live in
* Develop lively and enquiring minds
* Be aspirational and achieve their dreams
In order to achieve this we work TOGETHER where pupils, teachers, parents, governors and the community work together in partnership. The letters of TOGETHER represent our whole school values.
Our key values are for our children to:
Thrive, have Opportunities, Grow (Physically and Mentally), Enjoy, be Truthful, be Healthy (in mind and body), Excel and be Respectful.
By promoting these values TOGETHER WE WILL ACHIEVE!
Our Curriculum 2018/19:
We want all children to recognise and achieve their own potential. We believe that all children should have equality of opportunity to thrive. We want our children to be healthy in mind and body. We want to feed imagination and creativity. In our school we have a holistic approach to nurturing the whole family. Children have the opportunity to participate in a range of stimulating and relevant visits and visitors. Our passionate, excited teachers not only deliver outstanding lessons, but go the extra mile to provide
opportunities for extra-curricular activities and learning, such as Sports Clubs, Gardening, Cooking, Mathletics and Art Clubs. We encourage our children to celebrate their own and their peers' successes on learning and achievements through assemblies and visits to The Hive. Our flexible, creative curriculum allows for multi-sensory outdoor learning, including Forest Schools and outdoor lessons in our extensive on-site provision. Our Breakfast Club, with our Pastoral Team present, not only provides breakfast but is a point of contact for our families. Through our strong and embracing parental links, we allow our children and families to thrive.
(Breakfast Club sponsored by Greggs)
Our children believe that they have the capacity to achieve, improve and find solutions. We give opportunities to develop skills for lifelong learning through a flexible, creative curriculum, which provides links for learning.
We achieve this through an embedded Talk Matters Strategy, which allows children to communicate and co-operate effectively. Children are expected to actively participate in school life through opportunities for discussion with partners, groups and the whole class. Opportunities to participate are provided across the curriculum, resulting in a growth mindset for all children, allowing them to recognise, value and grow from their mistakes – taking them into the Learning Pit! We provide opportunities for our parents to engage in their child's education – we have half termly events to which parents are invited into school – to observe lessons, eg, Read, Write Inc, Numicon, Cooking, Aspirations morning, etc.
We believe in growing hearts and minds. We want our children to be emotionally intelligent. To accelerate learning, children need to be multi-sensory and the outdoor environment is perfect to develop these senses by placing emphasis on Outdoor Learning and Forest School. We want our pupils to grow in confidence and become self-assured learners and to promote a deeper understanding of the world around them. As a pre-condition to success we encourage each pupil to develop an understanding and appreciation of the environment and the effect, both positive and negative, that humankind has upon it.
We can achieve this by providing opportunities to learn outside. We have Forest School sessions for Reception children and Year 2 children. We have a weekly extra-curricular Gardening Club and gardening sessions in school time, where small groups of children are taken out to do activities. Teachers plan to take their children out fortnightly so they can learn outside – this could be a literacy lesson, maths lesson or sometimes just reading to children outside. We grow a variety of fruit and vegetables – children harvest these and they are cooked in our kitchen or in their own cooking sessions as all children are given the opportunity to cook every half term. We also have chickens who wander around on our back field – children from different classes feed them every day with left over dinners from lunchtime!
We want our children to relish the opportunity to learn. To do this, we encourage our children to become inquisitive and articulate learners. This in turn, enables ownership of their experiences and goals. This is underpinned by the Talk Matters principles (which is part of our curriculum). The greater their enjoyment, the greater their minds and confidence will grow, preparing them for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences for life-long learning.
We can achieve this through our broad and balanced curriculum, our planned visits and visitors, our environment in school and our Theme Days and Weeks mean we plan activities that children will enjoy. We place great emphasis on Attendance and Punctuality – children want to come to school – they enjoy what they experience here – they are proud of their punctuality and attendance.
We encourage all children to foster a truthful mindset. We believe each child has the right to be heard and we support this by placing a great emphasis on growing their confidence and respect for themselves, others and the environment. Through exposure to a variety of enriched diverse opportunities, children learn about Human Values and different cultures. Through our school networks we provide a transparent ethos, where parents, children and the community are able to access guidance within a moral framework. Children have honest role models and are always encouraged to make informed and appropriate choices. Truth Talk is an intrinsic part or school life and we adopt a restorative approach to problem solving.
We take a holistic approach to the development of healthy bodies, minds and well-being. Children are encouraged to make age appropriate choices in relation to diet and physical activity. We provide 4 healthy school meal options every day, as well as teaching children to grow and prepare food. Through specialist PE teaching and external coaches our children are given the opportunity to develop life skills and the chance to discover their talents, which are cultivated through our 'Healthy Me' Jigsaw theme. The importance of a healthy mind is nurtured through the development of children's self-worth, self-respect, confidence, resilience and determination, which is embedded into our school ethos. Our Meat Free and Dairy Free Monday raises awareness in children about the meat and dairy industries.
We provide opportunities to allow children to become educated citizens, in order to excel on their journey through life. We want our children to excel in all subjects, we develop outstanding fluency of language through a diverse curriculum, classroom and school environment. We inspire creativity so children can build systematically on current knowledge, making links between what is known and new learning. We look to develop well-rounded citizens who can effectively communicate with others. We believe that each child should be empowered to build a better future through a relevant and purposeful curriculum. We will stimulate intellectual curiosity about our world through a diverse curriculum. The use of challenge, resilience to failure and enquiry to awaken their love of learning and perseverance and excel in life.
We achieve this by using a variety of resources and strategies – Mastery Documents, Talk Matters, Talk 4 Writing, Alan Peat Sentences, Displays and Vibrant Lessons.
Our curriculum promotes spiritual, mental, cultural, moral and physical development of our pupils in order to be respectful now and in later life. We develop emotional intelligence, self-awareness and the ability to self-regulate, allowing our children to respect themselves and others. We believe our children engage with the multi-cultural world we live in respectfully and, as a school, we challenge prejudice and discriminatory behaviour. We will nurture children's empathy for different view-points to allow them to be critical thinkers and foster acceptance, consideration and equality for all. This will cultivate love and life-long happiness.
We achieve this through our Jigsaw Curriculum, Thank You Assemblies, Positive Rewards, Positive Behaviour Management Strategies, Focus Days/Weeks – International Week, Black History Week, Anti-Bullying Week, Safety Week, LGBT+ week, Human Values and Humanities.
In our school you can THRIVE AND GROW by making the most of the OPPORTUNITIES
that come your way. We want you to ENJOY and EXCEL in everything that you do.
Be TRUTHFUL and RESPECTFUL to everyone and everything. Stay HEALTHY!
As of September 2018 we have become part of the Cockburn Multi-Academy Trust. This will provide us with other curriculum opportunities – which have yet to be developed!
Curriculum, Sept 2018.


text:
Send and receive money as easily as you would an email or text message with Popmoney®. This innovative person-to-person (P2P) payment service allows you to pay virtually anyone, anywhere, anytime.
Simply send and receive money from within your online bill pay account (transaction fees may apply*) without the need to exchange financial account information. Send money to a family member, pay the babysitter, pay rent, and more. No checks to cut or cash exchanges to set up!


text:
Prescribing Notes:
Ovestin cream contains 1mg estriol in 1g of cream (0.1%)
BNF Link: http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/bnf/current/4525.htm
BNF Link: http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/bnf/current/4528.htm#_4528
Prescribing Notes:
The estriol concentration of estriol intravaginal cream is 0.01%. This preparation contains arachis (peanut) oil and is not suitable for patient with peanut allergy. This preparation also damages latex condoms. Ovestin intravaginal cream is 0.1% and does not contain arachis oil.
BNF Link: http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/bnf/current/4522.htm
BNF Link: http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/bnf/current/27404.htm
Prescribing Notes:
the clotrimazole content is 1%.
BNF Link: http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/bnf/current/69941.htm#_69941
Prescribing Notes:
One pessary contains 500mg of clotrimazole.
BNF Link: http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/bnf/current/69941.htm#_69941
Restrictions: Metronidazole gel is restricted to patients unable to tolerate or comply with oral metronidazole therapy.
Prescribing Notes:
Strength: 0.75%
BNF Link: http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/bnf/current/64487.htm
The treatment of bacterial vaginosis is restricted to use in patients for whom the initial treatment is not effective or well tolerated.
BNF Link: http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/bnf/current/4539.htm


text:
I took an action on Action Network called Stay Tuned Email Sign Up.
Please stay tuned for news about National Voter Registration Day 2018.
Can you join me and take action? Click here: https://actionnetwork.org/forms/stay-tuned-email-sign-up?source=email&
Let's take positive action, and help society become a better place.
Filed under: Politics, Voting Information | Tagged: National Voter Registration Day, Register to Vote, Vote | Leave a comment »


text:
Pirates and LECOM announce Bradenton ballpark naming-rights agreement
The Pittsburgh Pirates and Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM) today announced a naming-rights agreement for the Club's spring training ballpark in Bradenton, Fla. As part of a 15-year naming rights agreement, the former McKechnie Field is now LECOM Park.LECOM is the nation's largest medical college and, with Millcreek
The Pittsburgh Pirates and Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM) today announced a naming-rights agreement for the Club's spring training ballpark in Bradenton, Fla. As part of a 15-year naming rights agreement, the former McKechnie Field is now LECOM Park.
LECOM is the nation's largest medical college and, with Millcreek Community Hospital and the clinical practices of Medical Associates, forms America's only osteopathic Academic Health Center. With campuses in Erie and Greensburg, Pa., as well as Bradenton, Fla., LECOM shares in the Pirates commitment to both Western PA and the City of Bradenton, making the educational institution a natural partner with the Pirates in Bradenton.
"LECOM Park is our organization's southern home and we are proud to announce this agreement with a respected and established brand that has roots in Western Pennsylvania and has quickly become a leader in education in the Bradenton area," said Pirates President Frank Coonelly. "LECOM shares our mission to help develop young people into highly trained professionals so that they can pursue their dreams. LECOM also shares our commitment to community and we look forward to partnering with LECOM to continue to invest in improving the lives of others in our Bradenton community."
"The need to bring new health care professionals to Florida drew LECOM to Bradenton where we found a welcoming community spirit that included the Pittsburgh Pirates," said LECOM President John M. Ferretti, DO. "This is an opportunity to encourage wellness and health in this community as we prepare a new generation of physicians, pharmacists and dentists to meet the growing health care needs in Florida and across the nation."
In addition, the Pirates announced the recently constructed home clubhouse at LECOM Park will now be known as the Bill McKechnie Home Clubhouse to continue to recognize and honor the Pittsburgh-area native, former Bradenton resident and Hall of Fame manager Bill McKechnie. In 2015, the Pirates opened the newly renovated one-story 22,500 square foot clubhouse as part of a major capital improvement project to LECOM Park.
Bradenton and LECOM Park has hosted Pirates spring training every year since 1969. Only the Detroit Tigers have trained at its current spring training facility longer. In addition to spring training, LECOM Park is home to the Bradenton Marauders, the Pirates' Single-A affiliate in the Florida State League.
About LECOM
The Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM) offers innovative and affordable education in osteopathic medicine, pharmacy and dental medicine. From campuses in Erie and Greensburg, Pa. and Bradenton, Fla., LECOM provides student-centered pathways to prepare the next generation of health care professionals. The College is the core of LECOM Health, a highly innovative medical education system based in Erie, Pa. and the only academic health center in the osteopathic profession.
LECOM has more than 4100 future health care professionals preparing for the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO), Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD), Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) and Masters Degrees. The College maintains one of the lowest, private medical school tuitions in the country while maintaining the highest standards in medical education. Early Acceptance Programs with more than 100 undergraduate colleges and universities grant qualified students a provisional early acceptance to LECOM. To find out more about our programs, please visit LECOM.edu.


text:
Yellow is such an energizing color. Now that the daffodils have sprung and the sun is out, we're seeing a lot of it!
1. Jeepers Peepers Riley Round Sunglasses via ASOS. // 2. Babytoes Cactus 5-Free Nail Polish by Priti NYC. // 3. Floral Chiffon Twist Scarf by American Apparel. // 4. Floral Lace Shift Dress by eShakti. // 5. Pineapple Candle via Nordstrom. // 6. It's High Time Short in Yellow via ModCloth. // 7. Carrot Soap handmade by Treefort Naturals.
Disclosure: This post contains affiliate links which may generate a revenue for Poor & Pretty when a purchase is made. You can read more about my affiliate link policies here.
I bet you'll also love...