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Top Chef: Mmm...sacrilicious.../
The playoff matchups are set. The championship is in sight for one of the four remaining chefs. We're one week closer to the end of Season 5 of Top Chef, which might be cause for anticipation, remorse, or (I'm guessing this covers a lot of us) relief.
Relief that maybe Season 6 will offer a little more competitive balance. Relief that we'll have a respite from Toby Young, if not an apology for his presence. Relief that OH MY GOD LEAH IS FINALLY FUCKING GONE AND SHE'S NEVER COMING BACK.
Ahem. (composure, composure...)
There was actually an episode in between the opening credits and the dumbest clapper-monkey to ever make it within a stone's throw of the finals; I'm going to have to restrain myself and my Schadenfreude and actually convey it to you.
As we saw in the promo last week, this week would feature some real all-star chefs (not just Camille and Miguel...you remember them, right?). Right off the bat, we get whiz kid Wiley Dufresne (it's French, Fabio. It's not doo-FREZ-nee, ya meatball) imparting another breakfasty Quickfire Challenge to the chefs. Cook me an egg!, he intones, And make it interesting!
"Interesting" coming from Wiley Doofreznee sends everyone scrambling for their tabletop chemistry sets. Continuing their season-long Euro mind meld, Stefan and Fabio both make a panna cotta with mango puree filling that looks like a poached egg when you cut into it. Hosea wants to make egg whites into a nori substitute and tempura-fry a whole egg. Leah...well, Leah does something with bacon. I am shocked--SHOCKED--at this.
Only Carla stays relatively simple. She thinks of green eggs and ham, busts out some spinach (crazy science!) to turn the eggs greenish, and uses jalepeño oil to dot the landscape green. She knows she's not big on molecular gastronomy, and does what she knows (and does it calmly, as opposed to Fabio who is "running like Flesh"--that's "Flash" for the rest of us). She and Stefan get top honors from Wiley, and in the continuing drama of Carla-as-dark horse, she takes the win.
Out comes the knife block, and the chefs begin drawing knives, and names. Each knife represents a pillar of the culinary community: Fabio draws Lydia Bastianich (Italian specialty, which makes Fabio verr verr happy). Hosea gets Susan Ungaro. Stefan chooses Marcus Samuelsson, who is the improbable combination of Egyptian ancestry and Swedish nationality. Leah gets the laziest of all draws (natch): Wiley Doofreznee. Carla, with the last draw, picks Jacques Pepin (yes, anonymous commenter from last week, it's the old guy I didn't recognize last week). As QF winner, she can swap chefs with anyone, but decides to stick with what she's got.
The assignment is simple, if extremely morbid. Each of these chefs has chosen the meal they'd like to have as their last meal. The TC chefs will have to create that dish for the chef they each drew out of the block. Lydia: roasted chicken and potatoes. Jacques: squab and peas. Susan: shrimp scampi. Wiley: eggs Benedict. Marcus: salmon and spinach.
There's a nice, and telling, vignette this week wherein the remaining chefs all dine at Season 1 winner Harold's restaurant, Perilla. All the chefs, Leah in particular, talk up the difficulty of this season. Microwaves! The horror! Harold clearly is holding back his disdain for this crew, and it figures that Stefan would think that there's a big difference from Season 1 to Season 5. Yes, Stefan, there is. In Seasons 1 through 4, you wouldn't be running away with the competition.
Carla's definitely winning fans from week to week, as she is clearly having the most pure fun in the process. It's not really that far from what I said a few weeks back, when it looked like she just wanted to be a part of Top Chef. I still think that's true, but she really has shown that she wants to win Top Chef. But the way she cracked herself up with the "two peas in a pod" line really is infectious and appealing.
Hosea and Stefan continue their confessional sniping. It's unclear why Hosea thinks he's Stefan's #1 competitor, or why he thinks each week will bring ultimate victory for him, but he's running with it. Stefan just makes another comment about Hosea's balls. And Leah. Leah stands in Whole Foods and--I'm not making this up--asks "Where are eggs, and butter?"
In the kitchen, Carla continues her "less is more" philosophy. Chefs be workin', and then FABIO BREAKS HIS DAMNED FINGER. Like, for real. I don't know how it happened, and people watching and posting on Twitter who have worked in professional kitchens don't really know how it could have happened, but boy, did it happen. Fabio, to his credit (and to the glee of his ever-growing fan base), says he'd rather chop it off (a la another footballer, Ronnie Lott), sear the wound on the flattop, and deal with 9 fingers tomorrow. You fuckin' tell 'em, Fabio!
Of course, this kind of bravado brings about certain complications, like being unable to peel all those potatoes and cipollinis you're working with. "I got so many keek in my ass," he moans. I am so using this line from now on. He struggles onward, and as Tom comes in just to tell the chefs to not be an embarrassment, the serving begins.
As does the HOLY SACRILEGE, BATMAN. No, this challenge isn't just a "last meal" challenge--it's a "Last Supper" challenge, replete with long table, single-side seating, and an oddly soft focus from the cameras.
Leah serves first. Her slow-poached egg over challah and a lightly-dressed salad on the side don't blow anyone away. The egg is undercooked, and the hollandaise is too thin: both are signs of playing it too safely. Sage analysis: "don't bother me with salad on my last day."
Stefan's salmon and spinach dish goes next. He's in his wheelhouse in terms of flavors and ingredients. He tries to prepare his spinach two ways to cover his bases (Carla's incredulous at this decision); turns out his two ways are pretty indistinguishable. Worse, his salmon is vastly overcooked, and his potatoes don't have enough crispiness. The seasoning is on, the preparation is definitively off.
Hosea continues to provide good napping opportunities with his shrimp scampi presentation. It's unimpressive, kind of boring, kind of okay. The shrimp have probably been over-creamed (no jokes please), and under-garlicked. He knew he was walking a line between traditional and "signature Hosea" (whatever that is), but the judges don't much care for his blending of approaches. The shrimp are, at least, pretty well-cooked.
Fabio's difficulties in chopping up his whole roasted chicken behind him, his meal comes next. Finally, a dish that everyone really likes. Mister Doofreznee-if-you-please feels that this is this is the first dish wherein the chef really channeled the requested dish. It's simple, it's tasty, it could go straight to a restaurant menu. Except not his salad, which Wiley compares to airline food. Ouch.
Carla closes the meal with her squab and hand-shelled peas. Susan Ungaro has been made a convert to squab with Carla's effort. There's a clear generational difference between the older chefs (who like squab more cooked-through) and the younger (who prefer it to be more rare than Carla served hers), but everyone agrees that it was well-presented and possessed of a clarity of purpose (she's got something working with that simplicity and "less-is-more". Jacques loves his peas, and everyone backs him up.
The divisions between top and bottom are obvious, and Padma comes to the stew room to call everyone out. As is always the case, there were flaws with each dish. Carla's peas and Fabio's chicken, however, are distinctly at the top of the mountain. The airline critique doesn't sit well with Fabio, though; he's not finding the humor. Poor guy--he does have a broken finger, y'know.
After the first round of commentary, I am sure that Stefan is going home. His flaws were more glaring than even Leah's. But then it strikes me that, in old-school Iron Chef fashion, we haven't heard the full commentary on each aspect of Stefan's dish. We don't know if the salmon at least tasted good. I still think he could have gone home, but I wasn't sure of it anymore.
The judges debate whether or not to take Fabio's finger into account in the judging. We don't know what their decision was, due to some fancy cuts from the editors, but either way, they liked Fabio's dish the best. For a rough couple hours working with the food he most enjoyed, Fabio takes home the last win of the regular season and secures a spot in the (semi!) finals in New Orleans. Carla, in what might be the most surprising season-long advance in Top Chef history, comfortably arrives at second place and a spot in the semi-finals as well.
There's not much more to say about Leah getting axed than has already been said, by me and anyone else throughout the last few weeks. She's awful, both personally (from everything we've seen, anyway) and professionally. Carla's been pretty on-key lately, but her comment about Leah beig a talented chef is just plain out of left field. I don't see it. Her bacon was greasy (as have a lot of her other dishes), and really--not knowing where the eggs and butter are? Not deboning a salmon fillet before slicing it? No chops. None. Sayonara.
Sage analysis from me here: everyone's gunning for Stefan. Hosea's got a hard-on for taking him down, and now we see that Fabio wants to bring Stefan down a notch as well. Only Carla has nothing to say in the trash talk department. She's got the right kind of focus through the last couple episodes, and now the competition moves to NOLA and superstar catchphrase generator Emeril Lagasse. She's square in her wheelhouse, and I see her making a serious run at winning out.
The finals start next week! Stay tuned for Fabio's new mohawk, and maybe some cooking as well.
image credits Deadspin and John Reardon (from the blog linked above), respectively.


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Here's a site that asks people to send in their 'symmetrical' pics:
From David Stanfield, the site's author:
I've found symmetry to be fascinating for as long as I can remember. Whether in nature and architecture, or textures and details, it has always drawn my eye. … I've decided to start keeping a photographic record of symmetrical instances that pop up in the day-in and day-out.
… But it's never as much fun to go it alone. I want your help! When you start looking for it, symmetry is everywhere.
E.g., Human Symmetry:

subset: commoncrawl


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High quality and Simple pin plug gauge with reliability made in Japan
OJIYAS Limit Plug Gauges
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Plain limit gauge is a couple of gauges having measurement side with the maximum and minimum limit deviation tolerance of hole and Shaft to assure the interchangeability of the engagement of hole and shaft. The limit deviation torelances and the grade of the gauges are applied grade of the hole or the shaft. The major types are plug gauges (stopping gauge), ring gauge and snap gauge.
We deal other OJIYAS gauges!
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Uematsu Shokai's Staff
Ayane Akimoto Noeru Suzuki
UEMATSU SHOKAI CO., LTD. was established in 1950 as a machine tool trading company. Centered at the head office in "Sendai , Japan", we have built a 12 hub network that encompasses the Tohoku area.
We currently are in business with 800 client companies and approximately 1000 suppliers. Beginning with machine tools such as lathes, we supply Tools/Motors such as Drill and Micrometer, Industrial equipments/Bearing such as Pneumatics, Hydraulics, and Transmissions such as Chain. Recently, because of especially high demand, we are offering a wide selection of Environmental machines.
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Bristol Choir Brigade
Bristol Choir Brigade is an exciting, new, modern community choir in Bristol. We pride ourselves in our energy and enthusiasm, together with a real sense of community! Lead by professional vocalist and singing teacher Eliza Fyfe, the choir has become a vibrant social gathering with a real community feel.
Love singing? Always wanted to find out if you had the flair for it? Time to take the plunge and join now…
ALL abilities and ages welcome. No auditions, or reading music, just turn up and sing the songs you know and love. We sing a variety of popular songs from the 60's to the present day and learn the songs by ear.
We hold performances at the end of teach term and support local charities at these events. Further details can be found on our website: www.bristolchoirbrigade.co.uk
Facebook: facebook.com/bristolchoirbrigade/
Twitter: twitter.com/ChoirBrigade
Come and join us every Wednesday in Fairfield High School's Atrium, 7.30-9pm.
The first session is free so you've got nothing to lose – spread the word and bring your friends! For a taste of how we sound simply watch the video below – you can get in touch with us directly by emailing [email protected].
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With the "Dumb Ox" in the Stable
So it is appropriate that St. Thomas should give us not a loud bellowing, but a gentle mooing (to keep the analogy going) as we prepare for Christ's coming during this Advent Season. Our Dominican brother, Fr. Andrew Carl Wisdom, OP, opens up before us the treasure of St. Thomas' writings in his new book, Advent & Christmas: Wisdom from St. Thomas Aquinas.
We just got our copies in and they are now available from our online gift shoppe. The book is designed so that each day we feast on the wisdom of St. Thomas as he teaches us to go deeper into the mystery of the Incarnation. After a short text from one of his works there is a scripture reading, a prayer and an "Advent action"--a way to put into practice what we have learned from our lectio.
You can read a selection from the book HERE.


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I've said it before: the music of Christmas is a part of the season I like most. And by that I mean – like everything in the world – IN MODERATION. If I worked in retail, and were subjected to the all-day, all-night Musak onslaught of holiday favorites, I'd lose my mind. Or what's left of it.
At the Barnes & Hampton Consort Celtic Christmas concert I attended earlier this month in Georgetown's candlelit Dumbarton Church, I was especially moved by several pieces – one very familiar ("Silent Night"), and another unknown to me (the blues music that lute/guitar/mandolin player Linn Barnes improvised while Robert Aubry Davis read several Langston Hughes poems.
The pieces were so different and so satisfying. A day later, I started wondering what it was in the music that made it beautiful to me. Yes, there were other factors in play – the church, the good feeling in the audience, the presence of family and friends, the warm gingerbread at intermission, the candlelight – that contributed to my feeling of pleasure, of satisfaction. But what was it ABOUT THE MUSIC that reached me?
Then, coincidentally, I ran across an article published earlier this year in Science Daily. The piece, "Creating Simplicity: How Music Fools the Ear," suggested that our brains simplify complex sound patterns the same way that digital music programs compress dense audio files by "removing redundant data and identifying patterns."
Our brains, apparently wired to find simple patterns pleasing, can recognize patterns inside complicated data. Researcher Dr. Nicholas Hudson used common music compression programs – like the technology that condenses thousands of our favorite songs so they fit onto our iPods – to assess different kinds of music's "compressibility."
Hudson made some intriguing discoveries. Random noise could be compressed to only about 86% of its original file size – not much compression. Techno, rock, and pop music was compressible to about 60% of original size. Yet Beethoven's apparently complex Third Symphony could be compressed to an astounding 40% of its original size. Mind boggling!
Hudson concluded: "Enduring musical masterpieces, despite apparent complexity, possess high compressibility," the element in music he believes we respond to. The more compressible we find it – and different people will presumably assess compressibility a bit differently – the more we'll like it.
The article concludes: "For a composer — if you want immortality, write music which sounds complex but that, in terms of its data, is reducible to simple patterns."
Well, OK, maybe you feel a little hocus-pocus quality in all this. We usually just end up thinking, "Everybody likes different stuff, and I know what I like." Still, it's interesting to dig a little, and to wonder why we like what we do.
Maybe I should suggest to my Parkinson's support group – a pretty erudite collection, as I've mentioned before – that we begin weekly drum circles. Good exercise. Some pretty simple patterns there.
Compress THAT!


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Joy's Journey : Keep Going
Have you ever seen petals of a flower unravel one by one? The undoing of something beginning is a process but the results contain a beauty that is indescribable. The start of something new isn't always an easy task; in fact, I believe it can be one of the hardest choices to choose. In life, we endure obstacles and hardships that may seem to make us waver or fall... And that's okay as long as you decide to keep on going and to trust the process. When you begin holding strength and perseverance, it doesn't matter how many times you have to begin. I've had to restart and begin a fresh journey multiple times in my life and I still am.. But what's important is that I don't give up. [Tweet "I've had to begin multiple times & I still am; but what's important is that I don't give up."]
At age 14 I was diagnosed with a chronic stomach condition, early stages of esophageal cancer, and a rare form of precancerous mass in my stomach. I was a freshman in high school; a young girl ready to conquer my dreams and live them to the fullest. I dreamt of dancing shoes and bright lights; becoming a professional dancer on Broadway or simply just becoming a professional dancer by attending Juilliard in New York City. I never intended to be fighting a daily health war or even hoping to make it through the night to see another day.
Words cannot qualify to explain how tremendous the pain I endured on a daily basis was — collapsing over and over again throughout the day, not having the strength to move for days, weeks, months, being unable to eat anything + looking like a skeleton because of loss of appetite, or the endless cries cause the pain was unbearable and all too much for me to handle.
I was given negative feedback from doctors constantly; the journey of finding my real diagnosis was long and weary... But discovering my real diagnosis and battling to get rid of it was twice as long and draining. "Dancing is going to be tough, you won't be able to dance like you were before. There may be even be a day where you won't be able to dance at all," they'd say... And hearing those words hit my core. I was being robbed of my passion, I couldn't do what I loved. Regardless of how bad I didn't want to listen to the doctors... My body simply wasn't allowing me to dance; I barely had strength to walk. I was a teenager still being carried in my mother's arms, crawling to make it to the restroom because I was stubborn and didn't want to ask for help.
I was mad at myself for being sick; I was on the edge of giving up. My hope grew dim and fear embedded my soul immensely, I knew at age 14 what it felt like to feel powerless over my own life. It was no longer rhythm or movement I was dreaming of instead I dreamt to be free from pain.
As you can tell, that battle I fought was not just a physical battle but an emotional and mental battle too. So many thoughts and questions ran through my mind — Was I ever going to have the chance to dance again? Will I overcome this? How will I find the strength to get up out of bed?, etc. This sickness made me revaluate all of the past experiences and opportunities I missed. "Lost" time that I took for granted and should of cherished more dearly... But I learned a lot through this phase of fighting for my life.
After 2 years of fighting, during my sophomore year of high school, part of the battle was defeated by a miracle — the esophageal cancer cells were gone. I was grateful and still am to this day but the other two illness remain in my body. Doctors suggested surgery (but it wasn't a permeant cure for my chronic stomach condition) and recommended to just monitor the rare pre cancer mass in my stomach. The details of surgery were risky with an unfavorable 50/50 chance at losing my ability to dance for good. I refused that option and believed maybe another miracle will happen one day.
No matter how many times I lost faith in my circumstances, faith is still what held me together.
I began gaining strength again to move; I didn't need a wheelchair or to be carried in people's arms as frequent as before. I immediately wanted to get back to dancing but when I did, whirls of frustration came with that process. The doctors were right — I wasn't able to dance like I could before. Practicing certain dance positions caused pain to my stomach; for example, some ballet movement was too strenuous for my body. I had to accept the fact that I have limitations and restrictions on doing something I love... But I'd rather choose to adjust rather than not having the chance to dance at all.
I wasn't ready to give up my passion... I was determined to rise from this obstacle. My body failed and at times my spirit was low but I wasn't going to miss out on any more chances to do what my heart desired. My definition of dance expanded; I explored the dance world with research and practice and discovered new styles that could bring me freedom and a peace of mind instead of the fear of hurting myself. Flamenco was the style of dance that made the biggest impact on my journey and brought hope into my renewal of dancing career.
After learning and practicing flamenco dancing, I had the opportunity to perform it for my hometown pageant that I participated in. That performance opened the door for me to grow deeper in dancing by resulting in the chance to teach dance at a local after school program to grades 1st to 5th. I teach children rhythm and movement from various styles of dance such as ballet, jazz, tap, contemporary, hip hop/break dancing, ballroom (waltz, foxtrot, tango Latin styles- cha cha cha, samba, salsa, bachata, cumbia etc.,) folk dances such as folkorico, flamenco, and Polynesian style (hula). I encourage them to be the best dancer they can be and instill the passion of dance into their hearts, motivating them to always pursue their dreams and to never ever give up.
I choreograph pieces/routines for my students to perform frequently at events as well as work with other choreographers and dancers to provide the best dancing classes for the children. After a year of teaching experience, I made a decision to expand teaching dance into private lessons and group lessons for children. Honestly, it's a beautiful thing when a passion and career comes together.
Through it all, getting back into dance after being so sick was not easy and still isn't…. I wish I can say I'm free of all cancer or illnesses but it's been 6 years and counting of fighting them. I'm a dancer, dancing with a cancer inside of my body. Being 19 years old now, I would have never imagined my life to be the way it is — doing what I love in the most amazing way possible. I feel so blessed to be given another time to dance.
Let no obstacles or anything get in the way of doing what makes your heart feel alive... Cherish every day. Hold on to the moments... Don't take anything or anyone for granted... Time is so valuable don't waste it... Don't forget to love the life you were given either, because it's a blessing... And mostly important, no matter what, keep on going! Trust me, the results of your process will be beautiful.
Don't give up. — Joy S.L.


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Ana is a spatial scientist with a research background in geostatistics for environmental applications. She has been involved in research projects which use geostatistical modelling to quantify and map environmental data. Besides her research in geostatistics, Ana has provided environmental consultancy services to private and public companies concerning contamination assessments and environmental strategic assessments. Ana's current research interests include geospatial data analysis and integration, environmental modelling and uncertainty assessment.
Research Interests
Bachelor and Masters Science in Environmental Engineering, Instituto Superior Tecnico (University of Lisbon) 1999
PhD in Environmental Engineering, Instituto Superior Tecnico (University of Lisbon) 1999
External Appointments & Memberships
Member of the Pedometrics Advisory Group 2014-2018
Pedometrics Commission of the International Union of Soil Sciences
Member of the Medal Committee of the International Spatial Accuracy Research Association
Editorial roles on journals
Geoderma (Editorial Board member)
Selected Publications
Peer Reviewed Papers
Romanelli, J.P., Silva, L.G.M., Horta, A., Picoli, R.A. (2018) Site Selection for Hydropower Development: A GIS-Based Framework to Improve Planning in Brazil. Journal of Environmental Engineering . Fator de Impacto (2016 JCR): 1,5410, v.144: 04018051-1 - 04018051-10.
Ramos, T.B., Horta, A., Gonçalves. M.C., Martins, J.C., Pereira, L.S. (2014) "Development of ternary diagrams for estimating water retention properties using geostatistical approaches", Geoderma, 230-231, pp 229–242
Horta, A., Pereira, M.J., Gonçalves, M., Ramos, T., Soares, A. (2014) "Spatial modelling of soil hydraulic properties integrating different supports", Journal of Hydrology, 511, pp 1-9.
Horta, A., Correia, P., Pinheiro, L., Soares, A. (2013). "Geostatistical Data Integration Model for Contamination Assessment", Mathematical Geosciences, 45(5), pp. 575-590.
Horta, A., Soares, A. (2010). "Data integration model to assess soil organic carbon availability", Geoderma, 160 (2), pp. 225-235, ISSN 0016-7061, DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.026.
Horta, A., Soares, A. (2010). "Direct Sequential Co-simulation with Joint Probability Distributions. Mathematical Geosciences, 42(3), pp. 269-292.
Book Chapters
Horta, A., Bishop, T. (2013). Spatio-temporal analysis to improve agricultural management. In Margaret A. Oliver, Thomas F.A. Bishop, Ben P. Marchant (Eds.), Precision Agriculture for Sustainability and Environmental Protection, Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series, London, Routledge, pp 119-132.
Silva, L,G., Pearce, L., Mabon, S., Horta, A., Duffy, D., Kopf, S., Ning, N., & Baumgartner, L,J. (2018). Macca's in the Mannus, Macquarie perch refuge in the Upper Murray. ILWS Report No 114.
Pearce L., Silva, L.G., Mabon, S., Horta, A., Duffy, D., Ning, N., & Baumgartner, L.J. (2018). Finding forgotten fishes, the search for two endangered species in the NSW Murray Catchment. ILWS Report No 112.
Conference Papers
Horta, A., Whitsed, R., Jelinek, H. (2017) Assessing representativeness of a rural Australian clinical database using a spatial modelling approach. Presented at the 2017 NSW Rural Health and Research Congress, Sept 27-29, Wagga Wagga
Assessing and developing a walkability index targeted to older Australians in regional cities. Whitsed, R., Horta, A. (2018-2019) Family & Community Services – Liveable Communities Grants, $30,000.
Quantifying improved fisheries productivity at fish rehabilitation sites in Lao PDR extension. Baumgartner, L., Marsden, T., Ning, N. & Horta, A. (2018-2019) ACIAR & USAID, $800,000
Optimised field delineation of contaminated soils, Horta, A. (2015-2017) ARC Linkage Project led by University of Sydney, with partners CSU & Environmental Earth Sciences International Pty Ltd. Project details
Towards a space-time observation system for subsoil moisture content. Richard Claude Mankin Fund (2013-2014).
Soil contamination risk assessment (Case study: Barrinha de Esmoriz) Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under contract PTDC/CTE-SPA/69127/2006 (2006-2010).


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A Great Star Commander Free - Rapid Fire Battle Space Game for iPhone
Free Catch-22 Games iOS Version 1.0 Full Specs
Publisher's Description
From Catch-22 Games:
Do you like playing war games against with the aliens? Play this game now and get a total different experience with the aid of tilting your device to make the game far more exciting!The main goal of the game is to kill the forthcoming enemies. Use now your own approach on how to completely attack the alien troop to survive to the next level. Power ups are available in every level of the game which can help you sustain your life all throughout to survive. This game is perfect. My kid has loved it a lot but Im making sure that during his study time, I get his phone for him to concentrate on their school lessons. - StephenThe game may seem to just like any other war games out in space but the truth, its not. You must know how to get the perfect timing in firing while tilting your device to effectively succeed on each level. Best features of the game are as follows:The game boost your shooting skillsThe game is user friendly Score is fair based on your skillsIt will let you feel being in a space warTilt and kill the aliens now. Be strong to survive up to the next levels ...Download NOW!!!


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I'm typing this on my Android tablet sitting in front of a roaring log fire in our new woodburner. Last night the temperature went down to around 22F and there was a heavy frost this morning over the trees as well as the ground. Even though the sun was out for most of the morning not all the frost has gone.
I also have a very bad cold and cough. Luckily I finished the web site update to the Barbican pages yesterday but didn't upload it so even though my thinking processes aren't working as well as they might the uploading isn't difficult so I did that today.
Ho hum, it`s a hard life.


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Proactive Java developer with 5 years of experience in Java and related technologies development.
A hard-working developer with over 7 years of experience with a great experience in development, testing and maintenance of applications in accordance with specifications. Detail-oriented, knowledgeab...
Java 5 years JavaScript +38 Grails Groovy Java JavaScript Ruby SQL HTML Cassandra MongoDB MySQL PostgreSQL Eclipse Hibernate Gradle IntelliJ IDEA Jenkins NetBeans Ruby Mine Maven Jetty Linux Windows JMS JSP Struts XML Apache Camel HAML JNDI JSON JUnit Multithreaded Programming quartz Sinatra Framework Spring Security SSL Spring MVC Docker
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Full cycle product development experience: from architecture creation to installation Database design experience: Firebird, SQLite, MS SQL, MySql, (binding with c++, using SOCI ORM library) Using ob...
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Finding Nemo
From Passion Education
Character Development
Rough patches in life are not completely avoidable, but don't give up. A little determination goes a long way. "When life gets you down, you know what you gotta do? Just keep swimming." —Dory
Passion Education is developed by the contributions of its visitors. Please provide a learning spark by answering this simple three-question questionnaire. You will be surprised by how easy it is to create a spark.


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This year, Williamsburg-James City County Schools saw a technology program thrive, its fourth middle school and restraint/seclusion policy come under scrutiny and its board set to transform with five new members.
Here's the top issues/stories about education in 2015:
Fourth middle school project
The project to build W-JCC School's fourth middle school at the James Blair site has a slew of supporters and retractors.
Those who want the project to move forward have said student enrollment projection numbers show the district will need a new middle school by 2018.
Budget constraints that linger from the recession forced city and county officials to break the more than $29 million project in two phases, district officials said.
Those opposed to the project say the district's enrollment numbers have changed in recent years, and the area will not need a 600-seat, then a 900-seat, three-story middle school.
Critics have also questioned the choice of building the middle school at James Blair after demolishing most of the school and whether the intersection of Ironbound and Longhill Road can handle bus, business and other traffic around the school.
In November, voters chose two of three reform candidates in November who are opposed to the project.
This month, the fourth middle school project got the green light from Williamsburg's Planning Commission for a special use permit to go with a height variance to eventually allow the school to be three-stories.
Williamsburg City Council will vote in January on whether to approve the planning commission's recommendation.
Shake-up on the school board
An active Republican Party in James City County helped boost two of its three candidates to the non-partisan board who oppose the fourth middle school project.
Reform candidates Holly Taylor and Sandra Young won in Stonehouse and Berkeley districts, defeating incumbent James Nickols and the College of William and Mary professor John Riofrio, respectively.
Another reform candidate, Petra Nadal, was defeated by W&M professor James Beers.
Existing Board member Heather Cordasco is also leaving after losing her bid to serve Roberts District on the James City County Board of Supervisors.
After 12 years on the board and decades in Williamsburg-James City County schools, Elise Emanuel stepped down from her appointed position on the board. She endorsed her replacement, Julie Hummel.
Hummel was appointed to the school board earlier this month by Williamsburg's City Council.
In a surprise move, the board's first and only Hispanic member, Joe Fuentes, resigned from the board, effective in January. Officials have not yet said who will replace him.
Bring your own device to school
A W-JCC Schools program called "Bring your own device" grew in popularity in 2015, after starting out slow in 2014.
Bring Your Own Device allows students to use their own computers, tablets and other technology at school. Participation wasn't mandatory, but many W-JCC students embraced the option, with more than 70 percent of high school students participating in the program in 2015.
The BYOD project is also being tested out in other districts across the state, according to the Virginia Department of Education.
Division adopts first restraint/seclusion policy
Parents and special education advocates spoke during the public comment period at three meetings to oppose a draft of a seclusion and restraint policy for W-JCC Schools.
The policy determines how and when a school official can put their hands on a child or separate them from other students.
It's a new policy for the district, and in the coming years will be one required for all Virginia school districts, thanks to a new law passed in the General Assembly this summer.
Those opposed to the district's policy said it allowed school officials to use mechanical restraints, as well as use restraint and seclusion for discipline or to protect school property, which was not what federal officials who designed the policy had intended.
After the public outcry, the board tweaked the new policy, removing lines that would allow school officials to use restraint or seclusion to quell disturbances or to direct the movement of actions of a student disrupting the learning environment.
The division's new policy does allow officials to use seclusion or restraint in some non-emergencies, to prevent imminent destruction to school property as well as the use of mechanical restraints.
They passed the policy this month with the agreement that it would be revised as new state and federal guidelines come out.
Canty can be reached at (757) 345-2341.


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The thrills of an East Africa safari featuring Kenya's and Tanzania's finest parks and reserves are uniquely combined with Victoria Falls and the best of South Africa. We include the Winelands, our complete Cape Town experience and the marine life of Grootbos at the tip of Africa! Delightful dining with wine and our luxury hotels, lodges + safari camps complete this ultimate adventure.
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This easy-to-add Pre-Safari Extension includes 3 nights lodging, 7 meals, gorilla trek with park permit, and all on-tour transportation including roundtrip air from Nairobi
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Journey to South Africa + Victoria Falls (2020 Itinerary)
On Safari in Kenya + Tanzania
Our historic hotel offers Edwardian period charm and modern comfort with a view of the Victoria Falls Bridge and the spray of the Falls!
Tintswalo Safari Lodge is an exclusive lodge located in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa in the Manyeleti Private Game Reserve concession. This lush, 5-star lodge is nestled between the Timbavati Private Nature Reserve to the North, Sabi Sand Reserve to the South, and open to the Greater Kruger National Park on its fenceless eastern boundary.
Staying at Cape Grace is an experience in itself, melding the modern comforts of a Cape Town luxury hotel with traditional Cape culture. And there is no better position for a V&A Waterfront hotel than with Table Mountain standing sentry and towering over the hotel, a working harbour to one side and a multi-millionaire yacht basin on the other. It's a heady mix of tantalizing experiences, which makes time spent at Cape Grace something to remember forever.
The Fairmont Norfolk Hotel has played a leading role in Kenya's colorful history, and continues to be one of Nairobi's finest and best-known hotel. The town and later the modern city of Nairobi grew up around Fairmont The Norfolk hotel, which still has its own private tropical gardens. The 165 guest rooms include satellite television, in-room safe, and direct-dial phone. On-site amenities include heated pool, fitness center, sauna, steam room and beauty salon.
The Fairmont Mara Safari Club has re-opened following an extensive renovation program. Surrounded on three sides by the Mara River, and on the edge of the world's Seventh "New" Wonder of the World – the Masai Mara - Fairmont Mara Safari Club is the epitome of tented luxury. The main lodge at the center of camp hosts an indoor restaurant, bar and library with Internet access to keep the relatives up to date with safari adventures. A spacious outside deck overhangs the river and leads to a heated pool, complete with bar and private massage tents. With four poster, pillow-top beds and a veranda overlooking the hippo and crocodile-filled river, each of the 50 tents at Fairmont Mara Safari Club is superbly furnished with its own private, three-piece bathroom, including a number of "outdoor showers" in select tents.The larger-sized accommodations also feature expanded decks which allow for private dining.
Our handpicked accommodation offers intimate, chalet-style guestrooms surrounded by an expansive lawn and tended gardens, overlooking the Amboseli plain and Mt. Kilimanjaro. The property is adjacent to Acacia woodland and the eastern boundary is home to several families of elephants. All rooms are stylish and comfortable, constructed with native materials like gum tree planks, river stone, and slate. Each guestroom has a private bathroom and terrace. We'll enjoy our meals in the cheerful dining room, accented by a colorful tapestry depicting the life of the Masai. The dining room opens onto a garden verandah where lunch is served. The open-air Elephant Bar offers an international selection of beers, cocktails and fresh fruit juices, with a rooftop deck for splendid views of Africa's highest peak. In between our game drives, enjoy a refreshing dip in the pool or relax on a sun-bed in the shade of the Acacia trees.
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Set on the slopes of Makoma Hill along the game-rich Seronera Valley, our camp promises unparalleled safari drives in the wildlife-rich habitats of the Central Serengeti. The camp offers staggering views of the Serengeti migration, grasslands and sunsets. Each tent is fitted with 2 queen size or 1 king size leather beds, warm duvets, flush toilet, large safari shower, running water, wooden cabinets and flooring, 24-hour solar lighting, outside lounger, games table and much more.
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Middlemen: Born of Earth, By Elton Gahr, Get the Free Ebook
While I do enjoy blogging and writing articles my first love in writing is fiction and I am always working on short stories and novels. I have been less diligent about actually making any of them available, until now. I am going to be putting up things on Amazon, and probably other websites eventually as I have them done to my satisfaction.
To that end I have put up the novel Middlemen: Born of Earth on Amazon. And between the 6th and the 10th of this month I will be putting out the free ebook in hopes that more people will see it and try it out. So please, if you have any interest download it, and if you do read it put up a review. It helps out independent writers a lot more than you might think.
As for the book itself, it is an epic fantasy story set in a world where mortal humans have just been created. Largely innocent of the world, they discover that they are at the center of a war between the Highmen and the Lowmen. The dependents of those who fought in the spirit wars.
With only 12 Middlemen aren't big enough to defend themselves so they attempt to find allies with both the bureaucratic and xenophobic Highmen and the violent and dangerous Lowmen. This leads them deep into the politics and philosophies of both races as they try to convince a hostile world that they have a place in it.
I am happy with this story and glad to give away the free ebook, so I hope that all of you will give it a try and enjoy reading the ebook as much as I enjoyed writing it.
Keep an eye out for more free ebooks in the future as I finish editing more of the stories.


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Note: The submission deadline has passed for our Summer 2019 program. Please check back again Dec 2019/Jan 2020 for next year's opportunities. Learn about our 2019 cohort of prize fellows here.
The Kavli Nanoscience Institute at the California Institute of Technology has established the SURF-the-WAVE Fellowships Program to offer opportunities for motivated undergraduates interested in carrying out a summer research project in nanoscience. Working in conjunction with Caltech's Student-Faculty Program office and its summer undergraduate research fellowships programs, KNI SURF-the-WAVE Fellowships are designed for non-Caltech undergraduates who plan to pursue a PhD in science or engineering. The KNI is an active supporter of diversity and inclusion on campus; students from underrepresented backgrounds in the sciences are encouraged to apply.
It is highly recommended that candidates get in touch with faculty or KNI staff with whom they would like to work prior to submitting applications. Below is a list of the Kavli Nanoscience Institute's faculty board members and Assistant Director of Staff Research, all of whom are available to contact about potential research projects. Applicants are also welcome to reach out to any KNI-affiliated faculty member they are interested in working with.
Successful candidates will develop and conduct a research project and work alongside Caltech faculty, staff, graduate student researchers and/or postdoctoral scholars throughout the 10-week period. During the course of the summer SURF-the-WAVE fellows will participate in activities within the KNI community as well as the numerous events sponsored by Caltech's SURF and WAVE programs office.
In addition to the SURF or WAVE 10-week stipend of $6,350, this fellowship offers up to $2,000 to defray housing expenses.
Caltech SURF and WAVE Program Information
Caltech's Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF) program is one of the "crown jewels" of Caltech. Since 1979, SURF students have had the opportunity to conduct research under the guidance of experienced mentors working at the frontier of their fields. Students experience the process of research as a creative intellectual activity from beginning (defining and developing a project) to end (presenting their results at SURF Seminar Day).
Caltech's WAVE program was designed to promote diversity within its educational programs and activities and strives to ensure that differing cultural, ethnic, social, geographic, and economic perspectives are represented. The program is extended, but not limited, to underrepresented minorities, women, first-generation college students, geographically underrepresented students, educationally or financially disadvantaged students, and students with disabilities.
Important Dates and Other Information
This fellowship is open to non-Caltech undergraduates. Research projects must be related to nanoscience and can be experimental or theoretical.
In order to be considered for the KNI SURF-the-WAVE fellowship, applicants must apply directly through the official SURF or WAVE application websites.
The application deadline for Caltech's WAVE fellowship program is January 12, 2019.
The application deadline for Caltech's SURF fellowship program is February 22, 2019.
To learn more about the materials required for SURF or WAVE applications and to apply, please visit Caltech's Student Faculty Program (SFP) website.
Potential SURF applicants: please check out the Announcements of Opportunity (AO) page on the SURF website for specific projects that may be of interest to you. Mentors have posted AOs for projects in which they are looking to hire a SURF fellow. Be sure to check this webpage regularly for newly posted project opportunity listings.
Please direct any inquiries about the KNI SURF-the-WAVE Fellowships Program to: email@example.com.
Information on KNI Faculty Board & Assistant Director of Staff Research
Professor of Applied Physics and Physics
Professor of Physics
Professor of Applied Physics and Materials Science
Professor of Materials Science, Mechanics and Medical Engineering
Professor of Chemistry
Professor of Physics, Applied Physics and Biological Engineering
Professor of Electrical Engineering, Applied Physics and Physics
Professor of Information Science and Technology and Applied Physics
Matthew Hunt, PhD.
The Kavli Nanoscience Institute Assistant Director of Staff Research


text: We chose WILDHOOD as our featured stockist since they JUST moved into a new, larger location on Dundas St. W in Toronto. WILDHOOD is notorious for their effortlessly beautiful floral arrangements but also for stocking the best finds for plant and decor lovers alike. Check out the new store if you're in the area or follow their Instagram - the owner, Lauren, is always posting what's new.


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South African Journal of Animal Science
On-line version ISSN 2221-4062
Print version ISSN 0375-1589
S. Afr. j. anim. sci. vol.43 n.1 Pretoria Jan. 2013
In vitro fermentation of diets incorporating carob pulp using inoculum from rabbit caecum
A. Gasmi-BoubakerI, #; M.R. Mosquera-LosadaII; B. BoubakerIII
INational Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Tunisia
IIUniversity of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
IIIHigh School of Food Industry, Tunisia
The aim of this work was to evaluate the nutritive value of carob pulp for rabbits using the in vitro digestibility and gas production techniques with inocula from caecal content of rabbits. Experimental diets contained 0% (D1), 10% (D2), 20% (D3) and 100% (D4) carob pulp on a dry matter (DM) basis and were incubated in glass syringes for 72 h at 39 °C. Carob pulp contained 313 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM with a high acid detergent fibre (263 g/kg DM) content, resulting in a low hemicellulose content of 50 g/kg DM. Potential gas production ranged from 123 (D1) to 179 (D4) mL/g DM and was similar for the D1 (123 mL/g DM), D2 (126 mL/g DM) and D3 (130 mL/g DM) treatments. The lowest pH value of 6.47 and the highest organic matter degradation (OMD, 64.3%) were observed in the 100% carob pulp (D4) treatment, while its inclusion at 10% and 20% tended to improve the OMD of the diets. These results show that carob pulp is well fermented by the caecal micro-organisms of rabbits. Although its inclusion at 20% did not improve in vitro fermentation and degradation of the commercial concentrate, it was concluded that carob pulp has potential as an unconventional feed resource for rabbits. Its utilization could have a positive effect on intestinal microbiota owing to its high content of soluble fibre.
Keywords: Ceratonia siliqua, by-product, chemical composition, gas production, organic matter degradation
Conventional by-products and unconventional materials from the food processing industry have frequently been included in livestock diets. Their utilization can have nutritional, economic and ecological advantages. The carob pod is the fruit of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.), and is mostly used in the food industry for carob bean gum and locust bean gum, which are polysaccharides in the seeds (Battle & Tous, 1997). Nevertheless, carob pod consists mainly of pulp (90%), which is especially rich in sugars (48% -56%) and in gross energy (Petit & Pinilla, 1995), making it a high-energy feed for animal nutrition. Owing to its high content in sugars, carob pulp is very palatable. Its inclusion increases palatability (Cheeke, 1987) and reduces feeding costs in lamb fattening diets (Guessous et al., 1989; Lanza et al, 2001; Obeidat et al, 2011), but animal response is variable. In a previous experiment, average daily gain of fattening lambs was improved when carob pulp was included up to a dietary level of 30% as a substitute for citrus pulp (Guessous et al., 1988). Performance of growing calves was also improved by replacing barley with carob pulp at a dietary level of 30% (Louca & Papas (1973). In contrast, deleterious effects of a diet containing carob pulp were recorded on lamb growth and meat quality (Priolo et al, 2000). Bugarski et al. (1971) suggested that the incorporation of carob pulp should not exceed 10% of the diet, while Ouchkif (1988) recorded the best performance in growing lambs at an inclusion of 20%. One of the main problems with the use of carob pulp in animal feeding is the presence of condensed tannins (CT). To reduce the impact of CT, Priolo et al. (2000) supplemented a diet based on carob pulp (56% as fed) with 40 g of polyethylene glycol (PEG) per kg of feed. The authors found significant improvements of lamb growth and carcass and meat quality, compared with the animals fed the same diet without the addition of PEG.
Carob pulp could also be used as a supplement for rabbits. However, there are no specific studies on the optimal level of its inclusion in a practical diet. In rabbits, the caecum and proximal colon are important sites of digestion. Caecal microorganisms ferment nutrients to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), ammonia and gases (Gidenne, 1992). In vitro gas production is used as an indicator for assessing the potential nutritive value of feedstuff for ruminants (Menke & Steingass, 1988). This technique could also be used to characterize feed fermentation in the large intestine of non-ruminant animals (Bindelle et al., 2007).
The aim of this investigation was to study in vitro fermentation of diets containing different levels of carob pulp, using the caecal content of rabbits to evaluate its possible incorporation as an energy supplement in rabbit feed formulation.
Materials and Methods
Four diets were formulated to contain an increasing proportion of carob pulp: 0%, 10%, 20% and 100% DM for diets, D1, D2, D3 and D4, respectively, by replacing a decreasing proportion (100%, 20%, 10% and 0%) of a typical commercial rabbit concentrate. Weighed feed ingredients were mixed with water to achieve a 25% - 30% moisture content, pelleted with an electric meat mincer, and oven dried at 40 °C for two days.
In vitro gas production was determined according to the Menke & Steingass (1988) technique. Two hundred mg of sample were anaerobically incubated for 72 hours in triplicate in 100 mL glass syringes containing 30 mL of inoculum. The inoculum was prepared according to the modified method of Calabro et al. (1999). Fresh samples of caecal content were collected from eight 78-day-old New Zealand White rabbits randomly chosen prior to slaughtering. The rabbits were fed a commercial compound feed ad libitum from weaning at 35 days of age. The feed was withdrawn 12 hours before sampling, but water was still available ad libitum. After slaughtering, the caecum was isolated by tying off the two extremities with nylon string to prevent movement of digesta. Caecum content was diluted (1:50 w/v) with the buffer solution prepared according to Menke & Steingass (1988), and then strained through four layers of cheesecloth and held under CO2 in a water-bath at 39 °C. Syringes were pre-warmed (40 °C) before the injection of 30 mL of caecal liquid per buffer mixture into each syringe, followed by incubation in a ventilated oven (39 ± 1 °C). Thirty min after the start of incubation the syringes were shaken gently and then every hour for the first 10 h of incubation. Three control syringes containing only caecal liquid and medium (buffer) were used as blanks, so that the gas produced by caecal contents without substrate could be subtracted from the total gas production. The production of gas resulting from microbial fermentation was measured manually at the following intervals: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours.
At the end of fermentation, the pH of the fermented solution in each syringe was recorded using a pH meter, and syringes were removed from the oven and put in a refrigerator at 4 °C. The solid and liquid matter in each syringe were separated by filtration using a vacuum pump. The dry matter (DM) degraded, was measured after drying at 100 °C until a constant weight was obtained. The organic matter (OM) degraded, was measured after ashing (6 h/500 °C). Incubations were repeated three times.
Samples were analysed for DM, OM, nitrogen (N) and crude fibre (CF) according to AOAC (1990). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were determined according to the procedure of Van Soest et al. (1991). Hemicellulose (HC) and neutral detergent soluble (NDS) were calculated according to the equations:
HC% = NDF% - ADF% and NDS% = 100 % - NDF%; respectively.
Results were analysed (ANOVA) using the generalized linear model procedure (SAS, 1988) with the diets as the treatment factor based on the following statistical model:
Yij = µ + Ti + eij,
where Yij is a dependent variable (gas production, pH and OMD), µ is the population mean, Ti is a diet and eij is the residual error. The means were compared by Scott-Knott test at a probability level of 5%.
Results and Discussion
Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the experimental diets, which were previously used for an in vivo trial (Gasmi-Boubaker et al., 2007). The low CP content (64 g/kg DM) of carob pulp is comparable with values reported in the literature (Albanell et al., 1991; Petit & Pinilla, 1995; Williams et al., 2005). The ADF content of carob pulp (263 g/kg DM) was higher at than the 170 g/kg and lower than the 290 g/kg, the range recommended by Gidenne (2003) to prevent digestive troubles in the growing rabbit. This author observed that the sanitary risk (SR = mortality + morbidity) increased from 18% to 28% when the dietary ADF content decreased from 19% to 15%.
An examination of carob pulp showed that NDF and ADF values are very close, resulting in a low HC content (50 g/kg DM), when the HC fraction is calculated as the difference between NDF and ADF values. In this study, the analytical method to measure ADF concentration might have caused some kind of polymerization of sugars with the fibre fraction, resulting in an artificial increase in apparent ADF content, and thus underestimating the HC value. Although this method is not biochemically valid for estimating hemicellulose, this is the only available approach for a routine laboratory analysis of feed ingredients. This problem is demonstrated in a study by Milad et al. (2010) on kibbled carob pods. They, surprisingly, reported that the content of ADF was greater than that of NDF, and that the HC content was negative.
There has been recent interest in the role of soluble fibre in rabbit feeding owing to alleged positive effects on digestive health of rabbits. As can be seen in Table 1, the NDS proportion was higher in carob pulp (687 g/kg DM) than in treatments D1 (548 g/kg DM), D2 (563 g/kg DM) and D3 (578 g/kg DM). The utilization of this by-product as a nutrient source for rabbit could therefore have a positive effect on intestinal microbiota. It was reported that the most important properties of soluble fibre are its higher fermentability and its capacity to increase viscosity in the digestive tract (Rodriguez-Romero et al., 2011).
Table 2 shows means of pH, total gas production and OM degraded for the experimental diets after 72 h of fermentation in vitro. Overall, gas production ranged from 123 to 179 mL/g DM and did not differ (P >0.05) between D1, D2 and D3. In accordance with published results, it could be suggested that the highest amount and the majority of gas produced from carob pulp (D4) derived from sugars (glucose and saccharose), which are important components of carob pulp. Thomson (1971) investigated 40 cultivars of carob pods and observed high levels of sugars, ranging from 37% to 62%. These soluble carbohydrates are readily degraded by gut microorganisms. In rabbits, caecal micro-organisms ferment available nutrients, mainly polysaccharides, to short-chain fatty acids, ammonia and gases. The amount of gas produced in in vitro fermentation is directly related to the amount of SCFA production (Getachew et al., 1998). Consequently, results presented in Table 2 suggest that large amounts of SCFA will be produced with consequent reduction of caecal pH when carob pulp is fermented.
The variation in in vitro fermentation may be related to differences in chemical composition of the diets. Abreu & Bruno-Soares (1998) found a positive correlation between gas production and the OMD (r = 0.69; P <0.05). Of all diets, carob pulp (D4) had a higher (P <0.05) in vitro OM matter degradation (64.3%) than the D1 (58.6%) treatment, while that in D2 (60.3%) and D3 (62%) were similar (P >0.05) to D1. The OMD of carob pulp is in accordance with the in sacco degradation of DM (65.4%) (Albanell et al., 1991). An in vivo trial (Gasmi-Boubaker et al., 2007) showed that the addition of carob pulp to the diet consumed by rabbits tended to improve DM and OM digestibility with increasing the level of carob pulp in the diet.
On the basis of both gas production and OMD, the feed classification is D1< D2<D3<D4. As stated by Bindelle et al. (2007), the ranking of in vitro fermentative characteristics of substrates would probably remain the same as in in vivo, even if the diversity of various conditions cannot be fully reproduced by in vitro methods. However, under practical conditions, higher microbial fermentation of carob pulp might imply high energy losses. Moreover, and owing to its low CP content, the administration of carob pulp as a single ingredient would not be recommended, because additional protein supplementation is required.
In vitro gas production can reflect the extent to which substrates are fermented by gut microorganisms (Schofield, 2000). The trend of gas production is well described by Figure 1. It demonstrates the difference in cumulative gas production between D1, D2, D3 and D4. The plateau of the curves was reached at 72 h and the initial phase of fermentation was short and does not differ between the four diets. It is speculated that before fermentation started, the time needed for hydration was short and the microbial colonization was very quick. After 2 hours and during 72 h of incubation, carob pulp (D4) produced the highest volume of gas compared with D1, D2 and D3. It is reasonable to expect such a trend when carob pulp is incubated alone, because this by-product is rich in sugars and NDS. Sugars are positively correlated with the maximum volume of gas produced at t (Piquer et al., 2009), and ferment more quickly than starch and much quicker than cellulose and hemicellulose (Sniffen et al., 1992). Diets incorporating of 0%, 10% and 20% carob pulp would have a much lower content of sugars and NDS. Therefore, total potential gas productions would also be lower.
Carob pulp is highly fermented by the caecal micro-organisms of rabbits. Although, its inclusion at 20% did not significantly improve in vitro fermentation and degradation of the commercial concentrate, it can be concluded that carob pulp has potential as an unconventional feed resource for rabbits. Its utilization could have a positive effect on intestinal microbiota owing to its high content in soluble fibre.
This study was funded by the Ministry of Scientific Research, Technology and Capacity Building of Tunisia (Laboratoire de Recherche en Economie et Technologie Agro-Alimentaire, INAT).
Abreu, J.M.F. & Bruno-Soares, A.M., 1998. Chemical composition, organic matter digestibility and gas production of nine legume grains. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 70, 49-57. [ Links ]
Albanell, E., Caja, G. & Plaixats, J., 1991. Characteristics of Spanish carob pods and nutritive value of carob kibbles. Options Méditerranéennes-Séries séminaires- n 16: 135-136. [ Links ]
AOAC, 1990. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Methods of Analysis (15th ed.), AOAC, Arlington, VI, USA. [ Links ]
Batlle, J. & Tous, 1997. Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.), Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 17, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetics Resources Institute, Rome. [ Links ]
Bindelle, J., Buldgen, A., Lambotte, D., Wavreille, J. & Leterme, P., 2007. Effect of pig faecal donor and pig diet composition on in vitro fermentation of sugar beet pulp. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 132, 212-226. [ Links ]
Bugarski, D., Dzimic, M. & Bukojevic, J., 1971. The carob fruit (Ceratonia siliqua), its composition, nutritive value and possibility of its use in the diet of farm animals. Vet. Yugoslavia 20, 547. [ Links ]
Calabro, S., Nizza, A., Pinna, W., Cutrignelli, M. & Piccolo, V., 1999. Estimation of digestibility of compound diets for rabbits using the in vitro gas production technique. Wrld Rabbit Sci. 7, 97-201. [ Links ]
Cheeke, P.R., 1987. Rabbit Feeding and Nutrition. Academic Press, Inc. London. [ Links ]
Gasmi-Boubaker, A., Bergaoui, R., Khaldi, A., Mosquera-Losada, M.R. & Ketata, A., 2007. First attempt to study carob pulp utilization in rabbits feeding. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 6, 1269-1272. [ Links ]
Getachew, G., Blümmel, M., Makkar, H.P.S. & Becker, K., 1998. In vitro gas measuring techniques for assessment of nutritional quality of feeds: a review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 72, 261-281. [ Links ]
Gidenne, T., 1992. Effect of fibre level, particle size and adaptation period on digestibility and rate of passage as measured at the ileum and in the faeces in the adult rabbit. Br. J. Nutr. 67, 133-146. [ Links ]
Gidenne, T., 2003. Fibres in rabbit feeding for digestive troubles prevention: respective role of low-digested and digestible fibre. Livest. Prod. Sci. 81, 105-117. [ Links ]
Guessous, F., El Hilali, A. & Johnson, W.L., 1988. Influence du taux d'incorporation de la pulpe de caroube sur la digestibilité et l'utilisation des rations par les ovins à l'engraissement. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 28, 93. [ Links ]
Guessous, F., Rihani, N., Kabbali, A. & Johnson, W.L., 1989. Improving feeding systems for sheep in a Mediterranean Rain-Fed Cereals/Livestock Area of Morocco. J. Anim. Sci. 67, 3080-3086. [ Links ]
Lanza, M., Priolo, A., Biondi, L., Bella, M. & Ben Salem, H., 2001. Replacement of cereal grains by orange pulp and carob pulp in faba bean-based diets fed to lambs: effects on growth performance and meat quality. Anim. Res. 50, 21-30. [ Links ]
Louca, A. & Papas, A., 1973. The effect of different proportions of carob pod meal in the diet on the performance of calves and goats. Anim. Prod. 17, 139. [ Links ]
Menke, K.H. & Steingass, H., 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Dev. 28, 7-55. [ Links ]
Milad, S., Rymer, C. & Radley, R., 2010. Effects of ammonia treatment and undegradable protein supplementation on nutrient digestion of sheep fed on wheat straw based diets. Archiva Zootechnica pp. 39-46. [ Links ]
Obeidat, S., Alrababah, A., Abdullah, Y., Alhamad, N., Gharaibeh, A., Rababah, M. & Abu Ishmais, A., 2011. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs fed diets containing carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.). Small Rumin. Res. 96, 149-154. [ Links ]
Ouchkif, M., 1988. Influence d'incorporation de proportions différentes de pulpe de caroube sur la digestibilitd et l'utilisation de la ration par les agncanx ~t l'engraissement. Memoire de 3eme cycle Agron. Hassan II Inst.Agron. Vet., Rabat, Morocco. [ Links ]
Petit, M. & Pinilla, M., 1995. Production and purification of a sugar syrup from carob pods. Lebensm. Wiss. u. Technol. 28, 145-152. [ Links ]
Piquer, O., Casado, C., Biglia, S., Fernández, C. & Blas, E., 2009. In vitro gas production kinetics of whole citrus fruits. Anim. Feed Sci. 18, 745-757. [ Links ]
Priolo, A., Waghorn, G.C., Lanza, M., Biondi, L. & Pennisi, P., 2000. Polyethylene glycol as a means for reducing the impact of condensed tannins in carob pulp: effects on lamb growth performance and meat quality. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 810-816. [ Links ]
Rodríguez-Romero, N., Abecia, L. & Fondevila, M., 2011. Effects of levels of insoluble and soluble fibre in diets for growing rabbits on faecal digestibility, nitrogen recycling and in vitro fermentation. Wrld Rabbit Sci. pp. 85-94. [ Links ]
Schofield, P., 2000. Gas production (Chapter 10). In: Farm Animal Metabolism and Nutrition. Ed. D'Mello, J.P.F., CABI publishing, UK. 450 pp. [ Links ]
Sniffen, C.J., O'Connor, J.D., Van Soest, P.J., Fox, D.G. & Russel, J.B., 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets. II Carbohydrate and protein availability. J. Anim. Sci. 70, 3562-3577. [ Links ]
SAS, 1988. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute SAS/STAT user's guide, release 6.03 edition. SAS Institute, Cary, N.C., USA. [ Links ]
Thomson, P., 1971.The carob in California. California Rare Fruit Growers. Year Book, III: pp. 61-102. [ Links ]
Van Soest, P., Robertson, J. & Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre, and non- starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597. [ Links ]
Williams, B., Bosh, M., Boer, H., Verstegen, M. & Tamminga, S., 2005. An in vitro batch culture method to assess potential fermentability of feed ingredients for monogastric diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 123-124, 445-462. [ Links ]
Received 7 August 2012
Accepted 2 February 2013
First published online 6 April 2013
# Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Add to Cart
or call: 732-892-5971
This is the largest vessel yet used in the New Jersey Artificial Reef Program, and ranks as one of the largest vessels ever used as an artificial reef anywhere. She is also the largest vessel of any kind sunk in this region ( excluding the Andrea Doria, ) narrowly edging out the San Diego in tonnage.
The Algol is completely intact, upright, and huge. It would take several trips to fully explore it, without doing any penetrations. A good dive can be had on this wreck at almost any depth you want, from the top of the superstructure at 70 ft to the main deck at 110 ft to the sand at 140 ft. Since its sinking, currents have scoured out a hole around the hull that is significantly deeper than the 125 ft of the surrounding area. The bow was completely undercut for 20 to30 ft - you could squeeze under it at a depth of perhaps 150 ft if you wanted. Depth to the sand is somewhat less at the other end, but the rudder and propeller are gone, so it's not as interesting as it could be. The cargo holds are also quite deep, but are filling up with silt.


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Costas to Interview Jerry Sandusky on 'Rock Center'
Bob Costas will conduct an interview with former Penn State football coach Jerry Sandusky, who faces allegations of sexual abuse towards children, on Monday's Rock Center.
In the interview, Sandusky admitted to showering and horsing around with young boys but said he is not a pedophile.
Below is an excerpt of the interview, provided by NBC:
Mr. Sandusky, there's a 40-count indictment. The grand jury report contains specific detail. There are multiple accusers, multiple eyewitnesses to various aspects of the abuse. A reasonable person says where there's this much smoke, there must be plenty of fire. What do you say?JERRY SANDUSKY:
I say that I am innocent of those charges.BOB COSTAS:
Innocent? Completely innocent and falsely accused in every aspect?JERRY SANDUSKY:
Well I could say that, you know, I have done some of those things. I have horsed around with kids. I have showered after workouts. I have hugged them and I have touched their leg. Without intent of sexual contact.
Rock Center airs at 10 p.m. ET.


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The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) has condemned the current practice of private health care provision in Britain, as being distorted and restricted. As such, it has referred the market to the Competition Commission for further investigation.
The conclusion came after the OFT decided to investigate the behaviour of private health companies, which provide a range of health care and health insurance provision to the tune of £5 billion in the UK alone.
The OFT was concerned about three areas, namely the complexity of the whole market, making any comparisons by consumers difficult, the restricted number of private health care providers and lastly, the lack of proper competition between providers.
The OFT also considered that health insurance is overpriced. It also believes that in reality what private health insurance schemes offer is not value for money. For instance, experts believe that consumers would be better off not buying so called PMI premiums on offer and save the money instead for future use. PMI is also considered poor when used in an emergency. What's more, paying health insurance out for many people could be considered 'dead money' in that the policy may never be used for years, yet premiums paid may increase over the intervening period.
If you currently have health insurance, it may well be useful to review it. Doing so could save you a lot of money. While some think that by paying for private health care will enable them to 'jump the queue' over an NHS patient, in reality this could be a mistake and opting for NHS treatment maybe a better option.
The present Government have been accused of pushing private health care at the expense of the NHS. Whether or not this is true, health care costs have risen dramatically over the last 30 years. But the cost may be more than necessary. That is the view of the OFT at least.
It will be interesting to see what the Competition Commission makes of it.


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At some point the original owner added after market head and tail lights. He also installed hydraulic '40 Ford drum brakes. I replaced the master cylinder, brake shoes, and some brake lines and the car stops well.
The car came with original Kelsey-Hayes racing wheels(the rims are marked) which I put all new tires/tubes on.
I flushed/boiled the radiator, replaced all hoses, and rebuilt the water pump. I installed new points, condensor, rotor cap, new coil, rebuilt the carb and fuel pump. Replaced the head gasket. Flushed and lined the gas tank.
This car now runs, drives and stops. The brake lights, headlights, and horn all work and are still on 6 volt. The lights work off the original switch on the steering wheel. The odometer and speedometer work.
This car isn't perfect but has a lot of original paint and parts still on it the way it would have come from the factory. There's a fender tear or two, one side has a broken hood latch and various other imperfections. Overall, it's in pretty good shape for its age.
Huntington Beach, California, United States


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Manal Khan
B.A.Sc, PMP
Senior Consultant | Performance Improvement
Manal Khan is a Senior Consultant in the Performance Improvement practice at Farber. Manal works with clients to evaluate the effectiveness of business and manufacturing processes.
She has worked in progressively responsible positions in one of Canada's largest manufacturers and has both advised and led cross-functional teams to drive improvements.
She brings skills and experience analyzing, quantifying, and measuring productivity which enables her to offer recommendations for improvement that increase a company's bottom line.
Select client experience
Manal's education and experience position her to achieve excellent results for her clients, including:
- supporting the development of a process improvement culture for a large financial services company—by working with operations to create process documentation and continuous improvement opportunities
- developing new market entry strategies for a food manufacturing company including a make versus buy analysis
- improving the effectiveness of the sales pipeline for a high volume financial services company through process improvement initiatives that delivered 4:1 return on fees
- leading a Six Sigma Green Belt project resulting in a 6 percent improvement in product yield


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Silver Arrow Envelope Red Leather Clutch
271 $
In stock
Pampaloni's Silver Arrow clutch is crafted in Italy from smooth leather and embellished with the brand's recognizable symbol. Though slim, this vibrant design has enough space for wallet, cell phone, keys and lipstick. Carry it from day to evening events. Wear it also inside a bigger tote or as a travel documents holder.
- Red leather (100% Calf)
- Black leather interior
- Silver metal details
- Handmade in Italy (Tuscany)
- Magnetic snap-fastening front flap
- Comes with its dust bag and the brand's packaging.


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I suppose the title for this one pretty much speaks for itself. I've never really been the kind to be embarrassed to Shazam a song in public. Before a show, at a restaurant or bar, watching TV, literally wherever, I'll stand on a table to hold my phone up to a speaker. I have no shame.
But if my friend's playing a cool song in the car I'll pretend to know it while simultaneously holding my phone in the most sus way to try to Shazam it. Anyway, here's a random playlist of songs I Shazammed last week, from all over, for whatever reasons. Enjoy. —Kristen Walters


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Community Engagement
"Great universities and great cities are essential for each other" – Anonymous
As a university backed by a corporate that has served the Sri Lankan community for years, SLTC believes in carrying the same legacy forward. Being a residential university we understand that it is of utmost importance that we maintain a positive, harmonious relationship with the local community and its leaders. Not only does the university interact with the locals on a daily basis for social and administrative matters, we recognize the role the local houses and their hosts play, by offering housing options to our students who wish to reside outside the campus. SLTC also carries out several civic society engagement activities each year, which include shramadana programmes, cultural and religious festivals and nationally important events. We also hold ourselves to the shared responsibility towards protecting the law and
order and preserving the environment we cohabit in.


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Following a review of Board Structures there are currently 15 Board positions:
|Director Post
|Chair (non operational)
|Mike Kelly
|Carriage and Wagon
|Roland Hatton
|Civil Engineering
|Phil Bailey
|Customer Services
|Alex Walker
|Alan Lee
|David Layland
|Managing Director
|Andy Morris
|Ops, Health & Safety
|Richard Law
|Personnel Director
|Signalling and Telecommunications
|Peter Duncan
|Malcolm Kirkwood
|Traction & Rolling Stock
|Non Executive
|Colin Jones
I am pleased to announce the election to the ELLRCo Board of Andy Morris, Alan Lee and Alex Walker to new portfolios.
Andy Morris becomes Managing Director with responsibility for supporting the Chair and Board in order to deliver strategy and implement Company policies, the customer product and in maintaining good staffing relations with accessibility and visibility where appropriate to both paid and volunteer staff and overseeing the general business administration performance.
This post has no management responsibilities of other Board Directors.
It is necessary to accept that this is both a Board Director role and where the same individual has clear day to day operational responsibilities as the General Manager by acting in the capacity of a conduit back to the Board for a range of operational performance and service delivery responsibilities.
Alan Lee becomes Development Director – His areas of responsibility will to champion the growth of the railway within the ELLRCo Board and ELR Trust Board over the next 3- 5 years and will be within the context of the ELLRCo Business Plan and its annual review.
The Development Director's new strategic role would be to:
- Lead discussion on a review of the list of current projects in terms of progress made, continued relevance, and business plan priorities;
- Future Business Plan development and Performance Framework – Red, Amber, Green (RAG) reporting system;
- Project Risk Profiles.
Working closely with the Operational Management Team , the Board will quickly be informed of what future resources are required and in what internal or external areas of the Company's activities the solution might lie.
Alex Walker becomes Customer Services Director – Currently this area is overseen by the Stations Director (post deleted). The Board felt the new title better reflected the importance of customer services at Board level. Operational elements the former Station Director's responsibilities have been transferred to the Operations, Health & Safety Director with revenue and income protection transferring to the Finance Director.
Areas of responsibility include:
Stations Department Stations Standards
Passenger Services TTIs
Complaints Customer Care – Training
A new Director post with responsibility for Bury Transport Museum will be considered at the next ELLRCo Board meeting.
Transition to new Board Governance
The transition to a new Board structure and formalising the work of the Operational Management Team will take time. Progress can only meaningfully move ahead when the new financial and operational support infrastructure is in place. As a result, progress will be incremental. Once fully operational, there will be no expectation on Board Directors with portfolios to micro-manage departmental managers. However, there will be an expectation that portfolio holders will have responsibility and ownership of areas allocated to them in the Company's Business Plan.


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A Corsican-Japanese concept about fun, food & fashion
Here is our new logo, we all hope you will like it.
We added several Honda Collection original products to our online store, please feel free to visit and enjoy those new items celebrating vintage motorcycles.
They are mostly made for Asian customers but also available in Corsica now .
"Okaeri" is a Japanese translation for "welcome home".
Our company is established in Corsica but is based on a Corsican-Japanese commercial and cultural project.
We hope you will enjoy discovering everything that is available in this country.


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|Nedka Babliku and President Rodrigo Duterte, photo compiled from Facebook and Google
This is what geo-political commentator Nedka Babliku stated in a video greeting to President Rodrigo Roa Duterte that touched the hearts of the community of the Diehard Duterte Supporters (DDS).
In the Facebook video that was posted by DDS News, Babliku first introduced herself then she admitted that the greatest living Filipino deserves more than just a simple birthday greeting, another line that touched the hearts of the DDS. She then stated that Duterte's birthday celebration should be immortalized through the official commemoration of his birthdate for the Philippines would be bereft without him.
The commentator ended her video with a wish of best health and luck to our very dear President and a reminder which goes as,
"Please stay with us, the world needs you!"
Transcription of the Facebook video:
"Hi! Im Nedka Babliku and am a Geo-Political Commentator.
A simple happy birthday greeting to the greatest living Filipino feels painfully inadequate under the circumstances. But if there is anyone who's very birth deserves to be celebrated and it will be celebrated for decades and centuries to come, that man is Rodrigo Duterte without whom the Philippines would be bereft.
So Mr. President, I wish you all the best of health and luck on your birthday. Please stay with us, the world needs you."


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Unwired Expertise Has Been Acquired By Delphi Automotive
Diagnose, modify, repair, or overhaul automotive autos. At BYTON, he serves as chief vehicle engineer, specializing in the core automotive engineering disciplines of body constructions, body tools, chassis and thermal administration, as well as making certain that the different engineering disciplines co-function smoothly to ensure that BYTON's future products have a constant engineering philosophy.
Comprehensively covers the industry with features, check drives, automotive show studies, expertise and safety updates, motorsports, and a car patrons information. In associated news, Delphi declares a business partnership settlement with Waterloo, ON, Canada, technology firm QNX Blackberry.
Skilled automotive service technicians could advance to service manager or shop foreman positions. Automotive service technicians could also be required to carry and move gadgets that weigh as much as 25 kilograms. Automotive technicians may transfer into management or customer support roles, or into associated jobs equivalent to automotive electrician.
The company additionally began to transform itself into a world provider. Automotive mechanic and repair packages at Ontario faculties present college students with a wide range of skills that may be utilized to a wide range of jobs. Car Technicians attend the Canadian Forces School of Administration and Logistics in Borden, Ontario for 4 weeks of Driver Training on industrial and military-pattern automobiles as much as a three-ton capacity.
Membership of The Automotive Technician (TaT) is your gateway to a whole new world of technical drawback solving and know-how. Autocar mentioned that it probably will not be a plug-in hybrid, as the company stated final 12 months such a powertrain setup nonetheless does not ship an experience that's premium sufficient†for its prospects.
Propulsion And Aftermarket Improvements
Restore vehicles, vehicles, buses, and different automobiles. Whilst you attend MTTI's Automotive Service Technician program you will spend no less than half your time in the store; actually diagnosing and repairing … Read the rest