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tag:theconversation.com,2011:/au/topics/the-lake-district-28759/articles The Lake District – The Conversation 2018-09-04T10:17:46Z tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/102079 2018-09-04T10:17:46Z 2018-09-04T10:17:46Z Climbing with Dorothy: the Wordsworth who put mountaineering on the map

 Author provided

Scafell Pike, England's highest mountain is a popular place to climb, both as part of the Three Peaks Challenge and for walkers in search of the sublime Lake District scenery. But it wasn't always this way.

In the early 19th century – when mountaineering at all was still an unusual activity – Scafell Pike was rarely climbed. But that didn't stop Dorothy Wordsworth and her friend Mary Barker ascending the mountain in October 1818. In an age when women walking by themselves – let alone in the remote uplands – was frowned upon, this was a daring feat.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/234279/original/file-20180830-195307-ptffbw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=237&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/234279/original/file-20180830-195307-ptffbw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=316&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234279/original/file-20180830-195307-ptffbw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=316&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234279/original/file-20180830-195307-ptffbw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=316&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234279/original/file-20180830-195307-ptffbw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=397&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234279/original/file-20180830-195307-ptffbw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=397&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234279/original/file-20180830-195307-ptffbw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=397&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Great Gable mountain and Scafell Pike on the right side. Shutterstock

Wordsworth is best known as the poet William Wordsworth's sister. The siblings lived together for most of their lives, and Dorothy was an important influence over William's verse. But she was also an important figure in her own right, and her account of climbing Scafell Pike is among the first written records of a recreational ascent of the mountain – and it's the earliest such account to be written by a woman.

As a new exhibition reveals, Wordsworth and Barker's climb of Scafell Pike was not simply a mountain climb, but a rebellious act that opened up mountains – and mountaineering – for successive generations of women.

Natural strength

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/234104/original/file-20180829-195328-1dfjno7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=237&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/234104/original/file-20180829-195328-1dfjno7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=788&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234104/original/file-20180829-195328-1dfjno7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=788&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234104/original/file-20180829-195328-1dfjno7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=788&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234104/original/file-20180829-195328-1dfjno7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=990&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234104/original/file-20180829-195328-1dfjno7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=990&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234104/original/file-20180829-195328-1dfjno7.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=990&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Dorothy Wordsworth and Mary Barker's route when they walked up Scafell Pike. Author provided

Walking was an important part of the Wordsworths' daily routine, but they were well aware and proud of the fact that their commitment to almost daily extensive walks was unusual. The Wordsworth siblings walked together most days for the best part of four decades – Thomas De Quincey estimated that William walked 175,000 miles over his lifetime, and Dorothy can't have fallen far short of this figure.

In her letters, Dorothy repeatedly bragged about the speed with which she could walk – and how little fatigued she was afterwards – until her mid-50s. In 1818, when she was 46, she boasted to the writer Sara Coleridge <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jzcGdSngejUC&pg=PA401&lpg=PA401&dq=walk+sixteen+miles+in+four+hours+and+three+quarters,+with+short+rests+between,+on+a+blustering+cold+day,+without+having+felt+any+fatigue&source=bl&ots=sCicN7M51n&sig=0cQyYSTtjKbbmSU8uGbEJinbAKE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiD7_mB4J7dAhXrLMAKHVNQDxEQ6AEwAHoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=walk%20sixteen%20miles%20in%20four%20hours%20and%20three%20quarters%2C%20with%20short%20rests%20between%2C%20on%20a%20blustering%20cold%20day%2C%20without%20having%20felt%20any%20fatigue&f=false">that she could "walk 16 miles in four hours and three quarters, with short rests between, on a blustering cold day, without having felt any fatigue". That's an impressive pace of a little under four miles an hour around the Lake District hills.

The climb

Climbing up Scafell Pike with Barker was perhaps Wordsworth's most significant walking achievement. Reading the letter in which she describes this feat suggests her way of understanding the mountains went well beyond tales of sporting prowess. She saw that examining the details of a mountainside could be just as rewarding as the view from the summit.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/234109/original/file-20180829-195325-nb82na.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=237&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/234109/original/file-20180829-195325-nb82na.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=448&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234109/original/file-20180829-195325-nb82na.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=448&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234109/original/file-20180829-195325-nb82na.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=448&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234109/original/file-20180829-195325-nb82na.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=563&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234109/original/file-20180829-195325-nb82na.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=563&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234109/original/file-20180829-195325-nb82na.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=563&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Scafell, Looking North, oil painting by Delmar Banner, 1945. Westmorland Gazette, Author provided

In one moment she describes a landscape that stretches out for miles from the summit on which she stands. But at the next, when she looks down, she realises that though the summit seemed lifeless at first glance, beauty could be found clinging to the rocks:

I ought to have described the last part of our ascent to Scaw Fell pike. There, not a blade of grass was to be seen – hardly a cushion of moss, and that was parched and brown; and only growing rarely between the huge blocks and stones which cover the summit and lie in heaps all round to a great distance, like Skeletons or bones of the Earth not wanted at the creation, and here left to be covered with never-dying lichens, which the clouds and dews nourish; and adorn with colours of the most vivid and exquisite beauty, and endless in variety. (quoted with permission from The Wordsworth Trust.)

In focusing on these details close to hand, rather than only rhapsodising on the distant prospect, Wordsworth anticipates writers like Nan Shepherd – who is best known for her account of the Cairngorms, The Living Mountain – by proposing an alternative to more familiar accounts of mountaineering exploits that emphasise a victory over a feminised Mother Nature when the climber conquers the summit. Instead, Wordsworth recognises that paying close attention reveals unexpected features even on a barren mountaintop.

Dorothy's Legacy

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/234276/original/file-20180830-195322-16z2txs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=237&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/234276/original/file-20180830-195322-16z2txs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=600&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234276/original/file-20180830-195322-16z2txs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=600&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234276/original/file-20180830-195322-16z2txs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=600&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234276/original/file-20180830-195322-16z2txs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=754&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234276/original/file-20180830-195322-16z2txs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=754&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/234276/original/file-20180830-195322-16z2txs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=754&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Drawing of Dorothy Wordsworth in middle age.

Wordsworth's account of the ascent of Scafell was later included – without attribution – in William Wordsworth's Guide to the District of the Lakes. The implication was that it was William who had undertaken the ascent. As a result, her legacy in climbing Scafell is blurred into William's, and many of the people who followed in her footsteps were unaware that it was her they were emulating.

Despite this, her ambitious walking practices helped to establish women's walking as an accepted habit – with many following in her footsteps. Wordsworth and countless others after her made it clear that walking and other forms of mountaineering were as much for women as for men, and in this way they helped to make the mountains more culturally accessible places for everyone to explore.

Joanna Taylor does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
 Dorothy Wordsworth's ambitious walking practices helped to encourage female mountaineers to follow in her footsteps. Joanna Taylor, Presidential Academic Fellow in Digital Humanities, University of Manchester Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/92133 2018-05-15T09:36:55Z 2018-05-15T09:36:55Z How a 'smart countryside' can use technology for greener ends

Ullswater in The Lake District National Park. Andrew Locking

Smart cities are often discussed as being the key to future urban living. The increase in capacity for more complex information can help solve human and environmental problems by saving energy and regulating traffic flow. A study has now highlighted the potential of adapting the concept of "smart" for national parks.

Historically, outdoor recreation gained its popularity because of its juxtaposition to urbanisation. Motivations included adventure, simplicity and immersion in "wilderness" – away from human progress. In many cases this is still true. We are often told that greater exposure to green space and natural environments benefits health and well-being.

But how can the so-called "smart" tech improve our relaxing countryside experience? The challenge lies in integrating technology into outdoor recreation while retaining these crucial elements of the experience. Here are some simple smart options for the future ramblers.

Waste control

The Lake District example suggests that sensors on bins can alert the national park authorities when they are full, which reduces the problem of litter and helps conserve the landscape. Research has shown that these kinds of messages work.

Smart car parks

It is also suggested that "smart" car parks will transmit information to motorists when car parks are full. This can reduce carbon emissions by reducing trips to multiple car parks. However, encouraging more travel by public transport and non-motorised modes of transport reduces carbon emissions more effectively. This alternative should be given priority.

Car-sharing apps

Planners and managers of national parks have long seen the need to reduce visitor car use. Aside from decreasing carbon emissions, visual pollution from large numbers of cars in natural areas is a long-standing problem. It takes away from the "natural" and "simple" aesthetics which are so important in attracting visitors.

There is considerable need to encourage car sharing, especially because the infrastructure in rural areas is less resilient to large numbers of cars. Academics are increasingly pointing to the power of new data sharing and smart capability to solve this through measures such as car-sharing apps and better planning for integrated travel.

People who travel to, from and within national parks can do so sustainably with greater confidence if they have reliable information on public transport – as well as walking and cycling options – at their fingertips.

Smartphone navigation

Research on walking tourism in natural settings highlights the growing use of mobile technology as a navigational aid. The internet is increasingly used both to showcase and research walks in national parks. But practitioners urge caution for more adventurous forms of recreation.

Interviews with national park staff revealed that in particular, mountain rescue services can be stretched when hillwalkers rely too much on technology. Navigating solely with a mobile phone or GPS cannot substitute map-reading skills when faced with difficulties.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/218442/original/file-20180510-185500-3kz7j1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/218442/original/file-20180510-185500-3kz7j1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218442/original/file-20180510-185500-3kz7j1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218442/original/file-20180510-185500-3kz7j1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218442/original/file-20180510-185500-3kz7j1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218442/original/file-20180510-185500-3kz7j1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/218442/original/file-20180510-185500-3kz7j1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Walkers in Windermere. LDNP

Walking tourists differ in their preference for heavily managed walking routes. Some look for relative simplicity of "wild" surroundings, isolation and solitude. Others prefer abundant directional signs, information and flat, well managed paths. These differences point to an important dichotomy as technology permeates more of the previously "untouched" areas of the world.

"Smart-free" is needed too

Technology is redefining how we engage with the natural environment. Sport England's research on UK outdoor activity acknowledges a need for connectivity even in the most remote natural areas and particularly for younger participants. Rapidly improving mobile technology and information capacity epitomise the fast society many live in.

There are clear benefits to integrating smart technology into rural and natural areas. Tourist in particular are a key focal point because of the capability for improving sustainability in national parks. But the wider implications surrounding this development still need to be considered.

National parks should continue to cater for all preferences and preserve some "smart-free" elements, enhancing the experience of those seeking adventure and wilderness. People should also rethink their relationship with nature. If smart technology can help the environment, preserve biodiversity and protect sensitive areas, then it should be considered as an antidote to past human negative effects.

Nick Davies does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
 Smart technology can help the environment, preserve biodiversity and protect sensitive areas, such as national parks. Nick Davies, Research Fellow, University of Salford Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/80775 2017-07-12T13:29:37Z 2017-07-12T13:29:37Z How poets and painters of the past put the Lake District on the map

  shutterstock

With its rolling hills, fresh water lakes and family attractions, it's not hard to see why the Lake District is the UK's most popular national park. Every year more than 18m people take a trip there to enjoy the stunning scenery.

Those numbers are now set to soar, as the area recently became a UNESCO World Heritage Site, joining iconic locations like the Taj Mahal, the Great Wall of China and the Great Barrier Reef.

The fascination with Lake District isn't just a modern one, it first emerged as a tourist destination as far back as the late 18th century. Artists and writers, drawn to the region's dramatic scenery, arrived alongside the tourists. They helped to increase the Lake District's notoriety, and shaped the way the landscape was managed. The region quickly became fashionable among aficionados of the picturesque.

For many, the Lakes District's appeal lay in its striking visual dynamism: its ability, under the influence of the weather, the season, and the time of day, to change dramatically from scenes of beauty to spectacles of sublimity. This meant that artists could sketch drastically different views of the same scene.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/177684/original/file-20170711-29258-6oe38e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/177684/original/file-20170711-29258-6oe38e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=409&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177684/original/file-20170711-29258-6oe38e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=409&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177684/original/file-20170711-29258-6oe38e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=409&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177684/original/file-20170711-29258-6oe38e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=514&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177684/original/file-20170711-29258-6oe38e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=514&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177684/original/file-20170711-29258-6oe38e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=514&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Thomas Allom, the English architect, artist, and topographical illustrator captured the changes in mood at Ullswater in the 1830s. Guides to the Lakes, Author provided

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/177685/original/file-20170711-28771-1am3i7e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/177685/original/file-20170711-28771-1am3i7e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=421&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177685/original/file-20170711-28771-1am3i7e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=421&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177685/original/file-20170711-28771-1am3i7e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=421&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177685/original/file-20170711-28771-1am3i7e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=529&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177685/original/file-20170711-28771-1am3i7e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=529&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177685/original/file-20170711-28771-1am3i7e.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=529&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 From peaceful and picturesque and to stormy and sublime. Guide to the Lakes., Author provided

Even more than artists such as Thomas Allom, writers contributed immeasurably to the region's fame. From Romantic writers, such as William and Dorothy Wordsworth, to eminent Victorians, like John Ruskin and Harriet Martineau, the Lake District has been home to an array of literary celebrities. Some of these writers, notably Wordsworth and Martineau, even published guidebooks which proved highly popular and influential.

Then there were the icons of 20th century children's literature. Writers including Beatrix Potter and Arthur Ransome – of Swallows and Amazons fame – brought the region to life for new generations in famous works that are still loved by children (and adults).

Visitor hotspots

Thanks to our new research, we now know that (not unlike today) visitors to the Lake District in the past mainly devoted their attention to places near to Bowness, Ambleside and Keswick, as well as the heart of Wordsworth Country around Grasmere.

Our work involved looking at publications by famous Lakeland writers, such as the Wordsworths, and by important but less well-known authors, like Celia Fiennes (an ancestor of Ralph and Ranulph).

To find out where these literary travellers of the past visited in the Lake District our research used exploratory mapping methods to analyse a collection of historical writing about the region.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/177686/original/file-20170711-29258-1v0bcl.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/177686/original/file-20170711-29258-1v0bcl.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=249&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177686/original/file-20170711-29258-1v0bcl.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=249&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177686/original/file-20170711-29258-1v0bcl.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=249&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177686/original/file-20170711-29258-1v0bcl.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=313&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177686/original/file-20170711-29258-1v0bcl.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=313&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177686/original/file-20170711-29258-1v0bcl.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=313&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Our research maps show where writers dared to roam. Author provided

The collection contains some novels and place-specific poetry, but it mostly comprises travel narratives and guidebooks – as these sorts of publications were especially pivotal to the growth of the Lake District's reputation as a tourist destination. And studying the places these works mention can tell us a great deal about how travellers experienced the Lake District in the past – and how they have influenced understandings of nature and landscape to this day.

Off the beaten track

While our research shows that the places most Lake District visitors travelled in the 18th and 19th centuries are still among the more popular tourist haunts today, we can also learn a great deal from considering the blank spaces on these maps.

For instance, the mountainous region in the Western Lakes that includes the Scafell massif was less frequently discussed and visited. These sorts of localities maintained a reputation for being a wilderness – somewhere that might trap you if you went too far away from the beaten track.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/177853/original/file-20170712-14421-w5kqd9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/177853/original/file-20170712-14421-w5kqd9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=374&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177853/original/file-20170712-14421-w5kqd9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=374&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177853/original/file-20170712-14421-w5kqd9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=374&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177853/original/file-20170712-14421-w5kqd9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=470&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177853/original/file-20170712-14421-w5kqd9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=470&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/177853/original/file-20170712-14421-w5kqd9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=470&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 View of the Scafell massif from Yewbarrow, Wasdale, Cumbria. Dougsim, CC BY-NC-SA

But today, the sheer number of visitors to even these more remote areas of the Lake District mean that this cherished landscape is threatened by the very thing that economically sustains it: tourism.

The Three Peaks Challenge, for example, is a way many people encounter Scafell – it has been estimated that a population the size of Detroit attempts the challenge every year. These vast numbers have serious consequences for the mountain's environment, which is why, in awarding World Heritage Site status, the UNESCO committee made two recommendations. These were that the effect of tourist activities be monitored, and that conservation efforts in the region be improved.

It is hoped this new status will maintain the Lake District as an important place for visitors to experience the great outdoors – following in the footsteps of the great writers and artists. But more than that, hopefully it will also mean more resources, care and attention to help the landscape, and the communities that live there, to flourish.

The 'Geospatial Innovation in the Digital Humanities: A Deep Map of the English Lake District' project is funded by the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2015-230).
 Literary and artistic engagements have helped to shape the region into the iconic landscape it is today. Joanna Taylor, Senior Research Associate, Geospatial Innovation in the Digital Humanities, Lancaster University Christopher Donaldson, Lecturer in Regional History, Lancaster University Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/63149 2016-08-19T13:52:27Z 2016-08-19T13:52:27Z Swallows and Amazons will give children (and adults) a heady sense of freedom and adventure

The new film version of Swallows and Amazons set in the Lake District. Studio Canal

The hotly anticipated Swallows and Amazons film will introduce a whole new generation to the tales and adventures of John, Susan, Titty (renamed Tatty for a modern film audience) and Roger – who spend their summer holidays sailing, camping, fishing and exploring on the great waters and hills of the Lake District.

For many modern viewers, stories of exploration and piracy, may seem quite far removed from children's lives today – the characters in the book are free to go off and explore by themselves for most of the summer holidays, which is a lifestyle that many of today's British children don't know much about.

In the novel, the children require physical and emotional distance from the adults and adult-controlled perceptions of the world. This is crucial to the kind of childhood engagement with the landscape that they experience and the sense of escapism they are able to achieve.

At the same time, the question of how much independence is appropriate is raised in each book by near disasters – including the children sailing at night alone with the potential of crashing or getting injured and lost on the hilltops. For any modern parent, one of the most striking features of the narrative is the high level of freedom the children are allowed – far higher than any parent would be happy with today.

Of course, in writing Swallows and Amazons, the book's author Arthur Ransome was himself escaping into his own remembered past, to a place of childhood memories of Lake District holidays spent outdoors while his academic father – a professor of history at the University of Leeds – marked scripts and undertook some desultory research.

And Ransome needed to escape – from a world turned upside down. Ransome was war correspondent for the Daily News, reporting first from the Russian Front and then on the early stages of the Russia Revolution. A strong Bolshevik sympathiser he played chess with Lenin and went on to marry Trotsky's secretary, Evgenia Shelepina, after he had divorced his first wife. The two of them escaped Russia in 1919 and lived in the Baltic states for five years before returning to England and the Lake District.

There have also been claims that Ransome was a spy for the Foreign Office but his strong sympathy and personal friendships with the revolutionaries make this questionable.

An imagined place

Swallows and Amazons is primarily set around a lake which resembles Lake Coniston, with the hill of Coniston, also known as The Old Man of Coniston behind. But it also draws upon Windermere for the town on the lake and the island, as well as Derwent Water for the "peak at Darien". In relation to this merged geography Ransome explained:

There has to be a little pulling about of rivers and roads, but every single place in all those books exists somewhere and by now I know the geography of the country in the books so well that when I walk about in actual fact, it sometimes seems to me that some giant or earthquake has been doing a little scene-shifting overnight.

For the author, it is clear that the imaginary geography of the book almost replaces the real so that it is the world of "actual fact" that appears distorted. But this idealised montage of all the best bits of the landscape also proves crucial to the sense of place that the children in the book are able to experience.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/133520/original/image-20160809-18014-1n0glii.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/133520/original/image-20160809-18014-1n0glii.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=436&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/133520/original/image-20160809-18014-1n0glii.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=436&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/133520/original/image-20160809-18014-1n0glii.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=436&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/133520/original/image-20160809-18014-1n0glii.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=547&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/133520/original/image-20160809-18014-1n0glii.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=547&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/133520/original/image-20160809-18014-1n0glii.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=547&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Rewriting the landscape. Author provided

This is because it allows them to reject reality and make their own map of the world they inhabit. They take imaginative possession of the island that they sail to and camp out on by renaming it and everything seen from it.

After that they were tired and went up to the lookout place to watch the shipping on the lake and to agree about the names for all the places on the island.

Literary lands

It is clear, that works of literature about place allow the reader to escape into an earlier, easier world – and in the case of the Lake District, a world fixed in that perfect past by virtue of being a National Park.

This type of literary tourism seems to be a peculiarly British phenomenon – think Shakespeare's Stratford, Dickens' London, The Bronte's Yorkshire, Hardy's Wessex – but one that is attractive to visitors worldwide.

And with the release of Swallows and Amazons, it may well be that more children want to head to the Lake District to follow in the footsteps of John, Susan, Titty and Roger, spending their time canoeing or building campfires, and reconnecting with nature.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/133524/original/image-20160809-9203-1gpcq6k.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/133524/original/image-20160809-9203-1gpcq6k.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=401&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/133524/original/image-20160809-9203-1gpcq6k.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=401&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/133524/original/image-20160809-9203-1gpcq6k.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=401&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/133524/original/image-20160809-9203-1gpcq6k.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/133524/original/image-20160809-9203-1gpcq6k.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/133524/original/image-20160809-9203-1gpcq6k.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Tribe wars in Swallows and Amazons. Studio Canal

So, in the wake of Brexit, let's turn our backs on the troubling present, remove ourselves from the pressures and tensions of globalisation, and retreat to the rural English landscape and fond memories of long, hot summer holidays. And what better way to do it than through Arthur Ransome's idealised Lake District childhood in Swallows and Amazons.

Sally Bushell does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
 How the new film could inspire parents and children to head to the Lake District, to spend time canoeing, building campfires and reconnecting with nature. Sally Bushell, Professor of english & creative writing , Lancaster University Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/61616 2016-08-09T09:24:42Z 2016-08-09T09:24:42Z How DNA evidence could be a game-changer in monitoring freshwater fish

  Krzysztof Odziomek/shutterstock

Water may well be everywhere, but freshwater lake ecosystems are among some of the most vulnerable on Earth. In recent decades, freshwater species have suffered double the rate of decline of land species. And nearly 50% of fresh water lakes, rivers and streams across Europe failed to meet the EU Water Framework Directive, which aimed to achieve "good ecological status" of freshwater in Europe by 2015.

Part of the problem is that current tools used to monitor the so called "health" of a lake can be costly, time consuming, inefficient, and in some cases, lethal to the organisms they are sampling. Which is why our new research is pioneering a new way of monitoring water species – using techniques more familiar to fans of crime TV shows.

Environmental DNA, also known as eDNA works in the same way as regular DNA testing, but rather than using saliva or hair, samples of water, soil or even air are taken and tested. The method works because every creature in freshwater leaves behind traces of its eDNA as it swims around, shedding minute flakes of skin, eggs, sperm or in the case of plants, pollen or seeds.

The majority of eDNA studies so far have focused on detecting single species using highly specific DNA-based procedures which focus on detecting one species at a time. Our study instead used a form of DNA testing called "metabarcoding". This is where a single region of DNA called a "barcode" is simultaneously sequenced from a whole community of organisms. This enabled us to analyse millions of DNA sequences from water samples, identifying the DNA of a broad range of species and looking at whole communities of organisms – rather than just detecting single species.

Metabarcoding of eDNA is a very new technology, and has only been tested in controlled conditions – such as in aquaria – or on a small scale in natural environments. But this technique has the potential to be a game changer for biodiversity monitoring, as it is completely non-invasive and extremely sensitive. It detects more species than established methods, and gives a surprisingly good indication of how abundant they are within the water environment.

DNA in action

We used this method of testing in Lake Windermere, England's largest lake, to discover what fish species are living in the water and their relative abundance. And the information provided by these humble water samples exceeded all our expectations.

Windermere's fish population has been monitored since the 1940s, by the Freshwater Biological Association and, more recently, the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, using a combination of established fish survey methods such as netting, angler's catches and hydroacoustics.

So to see how eDNA would compare to these established methods, earlier this year we braved all that the Lakeland weather could throw at us – from blizzards to glorious winter sunshine – to collect over 60, two-litre water samples – from the very northern tip to the southern tip of the lake.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/132040/original/image-20160726-7028-17rpxsd.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/132040/original/image-20160726-7028-17rpxsd.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/132040/original/image-20160726-7028-17rpxsd.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/132040/original/image-20160726-7028-17rpxsd.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/132040/original/image-20160726-7028-17rpxsd.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/132040/original/image-20160726-7028-17rpxsd.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/132040/original/image-20160726-7028-17rpxsd.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Research in action. Ian Winfield, Author provided

The eDNA metabarcoding detected 14 of the 16 species ever recorded in Windermere – perch, roach, brown trout, pike, Arctic charr, bream and eel were the most common. Only the two rarest species, river and sea lamprey, were missed, but it is possible they are not present in the lake at the time of sampling. Whereas only four species were detected in the corresponding net survey.

Healthy lakes

Previous studies suggested that estimating how many fish are in an area of water from eDNA data would be problematic. Encouragingly though, our data indicated that eDNA may be better as measuring the quantity than previously thought. And we also found a clear pattern in the spatial distribution of eDNA in the lake.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/132043/original/image-20160726-7064-dgzkgh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/132043/original/image-20160726-7064-dgzkgh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/132043/original/image-20160726-7064-dgzkgh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/132043/original/image-20160726-7064-dgzkgh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/132043/original/image-20160726-7064-dgzkgh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/132043/original/image-20160726-7064-dgzkgh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/132043/original/image-20160726-7064-dgzkgh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Views from the boat. Author provided

Windermere is divided into two separate basins, the north and the south basin. With the South Basin more nutrient rich – also known as "eutrophic" – than the north. eDNA from species that don't like nutrient rich conditions – such as Arctic charr – were found to be more common in the North Basin, while species that aren't choosy were detected throughout the lake. This suggests that eDNA data could reliably indicate the ecological condition of lakes.

These results are a highly encouraging step towards eDNA becoming a game-changer in biodiversity monitoring. And we are now working closely with the Environment Agency and other groups to drive this research forward – to help ensure that the health our lakes is monitored in the most efficient and cost effective way possible.

Lori Lawson Handley received funding from the Environment Agency and Scottish Environmental Protection Agency in relation to the work discussed in this article.
 Scientists are pioneering a new way of monitoring water species, using techniques more familiar to fans of crime scene TV shows. Lori Lawson Handley, Senior Lecturer in Evolutionary Biology, University of Hull Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives.


text:
The Angolink's Business Consulting package encompasses a wider range of consulting services tailored to meet customer's needs. We strive to offer services with a competitive advantage in a market focused on delivering both exceptional service to end customers, and market-leading returns. Because we live a globalized sort of market, we seek to adopt project management international standards and practices adjusted to the local reality in each of the sectors we work at. This is done by means of exploring market opportunities driven by globalization, consolidation and new the use of technology.
The main objective of project management service is to assist customers with appropriate tools to manage their project at a cost effective and timely manner.
Angolink stresses commonsense solutions to common problems, while using innovation and creativity as important problem solving tools. We focus on four key principles before and during every consulting assignment:
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Assessment, design, implementation, monitoring, reporting, follow up, training and project closure.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Looking at the picture, I wonder where the rod is.
What is a rod anyway?
As Al, Tom and Casy work together to fix the problem with the truck engine, it is hard to understand their dialog, when you are not mechanically inclined. But what a valuable skill they have, in their journey to California.
I wish my husband had that skill… (sigh).
Steinbeck's keen sense of observation shows again in this chapter, as he describes characters the Joads meet on the road, like the employee in the junkyard : "The one-eyed man watched them go, and then he went through the iron shed to his shack behind. It was dark inside. He felt his way to the mattress on the floor, and he stretched out and cried in his bed, and the cars whizzing by on the highway only strengthened the walls of his loneliness".
The Joad family endures the harsh judgment of other men when they are called vagrants, goddamn bums. I like the way Tom stands his ground with the owner of the camp and Pa's speech about their condition: "It's dirt hard for folks to tear up an' go. Folks like us that had our place. We ain't shif'less. Till we got tractored off, we was people with a farm".
I sense pride in people who are dealing with awful circumstances.


text:
Financial Risk
Risk Innovation
A guide to the top risks facing financial institutions
When it comes to risk, the effects of the 2007-08 crisis are still being felt today. So, where do financial institutions go from here? The report examines the top five risks facing the sector and cuts through the complexity of Basel III and other regulations
Re-branding 'risk management' to 'success assurance'
Are old-school risk management approaches such as risk matrices and heatmaps preventing it from being seen as driver to business performance?
Five risk principles all risk managers should adopt
Will a redirection of our basic principles of risk management add the value we need? Jonathan Blackhurst, head of risk management at Capita, boils it down into five key steps
How Patrick Smith is managing Deliveroo's intangible risks
Much more than a food delivery service, Deliveroo serves up vast amounts of big data – and fresh new risks – daily. It relies on business resilience leader Patrick Smith to stay creative.
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Nobody wants to become a byword for failure to keep up. But with 2018 showing great changes in business models, everyone is under pressure to stay relevant. Be brave. Join the innovation revolution.
Traditional risk management concerns prevail in global corporations
Traditional financial and operational performance top global risk management concerns over the next 12 months, while much-publicised issues such as environment, tax and diversity lag well behind
StrategicRISK's top 10 worst risk incidents of 2018
From Brexit uncertainties to US trade wars; the Carillion collapse to Telsa's threat on Germany's automotive industry, when it comes to global risk, reviewing the year that's been can feel like revisiting a lot of bad news. But the good news? There are many risk lessons to be learnt
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Regardless of the sector, size or the geographic location, there are a number of common mistakes that organisations make when establishing global readiness programs. Control Risks senior partner, Bill Udell and associate director, Aaron Schwirian explain how you can avoid them
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As Europe's food and industry thrives, the heat is on to manage its risks. We look to the lab where solutions are being developed to better handle contamination and consider a more holistic approach to coverage that goes far beyond simple product recall insurance
Slavery risk rises in SE Asia as job losses hit home
More than 55% of jobs in SE Asia's key manufacturing hubs under threat with slavery and labour abuses in SE Asia set to spiral over next two decades as automation consumes job market


text:
...also I think i found a better clip to envision it:
hmm...will workshop this a bit more later lol
Saved for posterityHer butterflies are Parsley go down, and a moving male Oni form farting towards her and Deputy Charco at high speeds amidst the mist.
Last edited by Sub-Zero MKA; 06-15-2019 at 07:02 PM.
Marduk is Powdered Toast Man, confirmed.
"... and when the Golden Toad started to sing, there was no turning back." - grampagen (Ochazuke)
"Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn."
Probability manipulation is okay, but a layered shield is too OP?
If you mean the ships having a layered shield, then it's up to Cleric if her Teleport can get past it or not. If not, then she'll just land somewhere safe, or somewhere where she needs to be. Cyanna doesn't know if it will work or not, she's just taking a gamble and giving it a try.
Last edited by Tami; 06-16-2019 at 02:53 PM.
Original join date: 11/23/2004
Eclectic Connoisseur of all things written, drawn or imaginatively created.
DBM: Meagan/Cyanna/Dash/Mirror Mage
I think of it more as a 'potentially powerful but limited by GM' ability.
Black Knight of SO
Owner/Operator of SOs Item/Weapon Shop
Claimer of the original Rumbles 2,000,000th post
Black Knight of SO
Owner/Operator of SOs Item/Weapon Shop
Claimer of the original Rumbles 2,000,000th post
New techs for Karine and Aleka.
Illusion Field: By concentrating her magical energies, Karine can create illusions in a small area to fool opponents, even potentially fooling typical senses but it has its drawbacks. For one, if she attacks the illusions will go away or if her concentration is broken. With these two factors, they are far more useful as a support skill for allies then something by herself.
Predator and Prey: It can be considered a inborn magical skill along with a combination of her enhanced senses. When normal sensing fails, she can locate her target by other means such as their heart beat or the more subtle sounds they make if they make any at all. Because of this, she can also this to make a better educated guess if someone is lying if she's actively concentrating with the skill if their breathing and heart beat gives something away. Its by no means full proof.
Meditation Aid: Similar to her earlier technique, she needs to meditate prior to battle to store up the extra energy to give brief burst power to an attack. Unlike the other one, however, this only effects allies. It requires physical contact of some kind for the boost to transfer.(Two times a day for 2x and one times a day for 3x) While limited on the surface level with planning and the right timing combined with other factors, it could be what's needed to turn the tide of a difficult fight if used correctly.
Stuck in an elevator with a legacy of trauma and an ambitious redhead...
Praxat's goggles will be getting an X-Ray vision modification. The modification will allow her goggles to emit non-ionizing radiation that has applications similar to X-radiation (X-rays).
Right now the closet thing to X-Ray vision in real life are devices that use Terahertz waves like this camera.
Last edited by bruceleegreyhulk; 06-18-2019 at 09:31 PM.
My Forum check it out
Bruceleegreyhulk's RPG & Story Forum


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It's a fundamental principle with me. Don't come into my house, hang about for hours talking mostly about yourself and other things I'm not interested in, make a design and come up with numbers and try to push me into a 'buy now or lose the chance' deal.
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Size does need to be taken into account: the kitchen may have the reputation of being the heart of the home but that was generally in the days when kitchens were large enough to accommodate the heart of the home, with a central table for the family to spend time around.


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One of this year's best progressive house releases was undoubtedly Rich Curtis' Latitude End' which came courtesy of FutureForm Music. The release not only contained a smashing original from Rich but 3 amazing remixes from Andre Sobota, Noraj Cue and FutureForm label boss Verve. The Aussie imprint returns this week for its fifth overall release which features an exciting artist debut on the label. Paul Sebastiaan Deetman and Jelle Anton Jansen hail from the Netherlands and together they make up the Huminal production duo. Their debut EP for Futureform is entitled 'Prophecies' and it comes with four brand new original productions.
Other than an entry into the Max Cooper & Braids 'Pleasures' remix competition this will be the everyone's first look at Huminal and it's an impressive debut. All four cuts here are meticulously produced and contain unique themes along with really spectacular sound design. The lead track in particular rivals what many of today's top melodic techno producers are currently putting out. The grinding foundation is full of grainy character but not so much so that it sounds like a melodic techno cliché, there's a fine line there at this point and they've nailed it perfectly. Ultimately it's the subtle nature of the lead bells in conjunction with the smooth flowing foundation which really makes this track so magical. It's a case of two prominent elements working together in perfect unison and the result is many goosebump moments throughout. The EP also has some nice variety as 'Morphosis' displays very well. It's a much quirkier and more downplayed piece but it's overall originality and uniqueness makes it a great listen several times over. Meanwhile 'Greeksomnia' offers a much more light hearted and playful vibe with its delicate beats and lively tones. The track however slowly builds into something vastly more powerful than its first half suggests. Following a short break the walls of granular fuzz and hazy harmonic sheets reach a wonderful atmospheric peak that is tastefully epic. The EP concludes with 'Dawner' which is probably it's most techno inspired piece. The stripped back nature and ever evolving lines make it a hypno masterpiece and the metallic surroundings certainly pack some dance floor punch. It again shows some nice variance in production style and just adds to the well rounded nature of the entire EP. Huminal are definitely a name to watch for the remainder of this year and props to FutureForm for being the first to showcase this talented duo. Highly Recommended.


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Dinamo secure home victory over Romanian rookies, Fenerbahce make it four wins in a row in Pool E
Luxembourg, February 6, 2019. Dinamo MOSCOW dropped one set in their home matchup with CL rookies C.S.M. BUCURESTI but were able to record their third victory in Pool E to stay well in contention for a spot in the quarterfinals of Europe's premier competition. Luxembourg, February 6, 2019. Dinamo MOSCOW dropped one set in their home matchup with CL rookies C.S.M. BUCURESTI but were able to record their third victory in Pool E to stay well in contention for a spot in the quarterfinals of Europe's premier competition. Over in Szczecin, Fenerbahce Opet ISTANBUL came from behind in the first set before pulling out a 3-0 victory over Chemik POLICE to improve their win-loss record to an impeccable 4-0.
Dinamo MOSCOW (RUS) vs. C.S.M. BUCURESTI (ROU) 3-1 (25-18, 25-20, 14-25, 25-15)
• In the first set, the home side started better. After a long break, Maja Ognjenovic re-joined Dinamo and this immediately had a positive impact on their game. However, even the score was not looking great for the Romanians, Japanese libero An Saita tried to pick up the most difficult balls, and C.S.M. BUCURESTI finished many attacks with great enthusiasm. Dinamo won the set with Elena Gendel's ace.
• In the second set, the visitors seemed more used to the style of Dinamo and started to play more relaxed. They claimed an early 11-3 lead but the home side fought back and secured a 25-20 victory.
• After suffering a 14-25 loss in the third set, Dinamo found their winning way thanks to their better serving, blocking and spiking. They finished the match relatively easily (25-15) to secure a 3-1 victory with the help of Yana Shcherban and Helena Havelkova and with Ekaterina Lyubushkina replacing Ekaterina Efimova.
• The result is especially important for the Russian team as they lost their first home match in the pool to Fenerbahce and dropped two sets in the away game with Chemik POLICE.
Ekaterina Lyubushkina, player of Dinamo: "We made a number of substitutions, so Daria Talysheva and Daria Stoliarova could help the team as well. We are like one family and we are especially happy with the comeback of Ognjenovic."
Alexander Sukomel, head coach of Dinamo MOSCOW: "Even if we made a lot of mistakes, I am happy that we could win the match somehow. We played better in the fourth set, and that is what I would like to see in the future."
Maret Balkestein-Grothues, player of C.S.M. BUCURESTI: "Although we found our game in the third set, we could not win afterwards. They were smarter in attacks, and that is the reason why we lost the match."
Chemik POLICE (POL) vs. Fenerbahce Opet ISTANBUL (TUR) 0-3 (24-26, 20-25, 15-25)
• Chemik dominated until the end of the first set, when Fenerbahce were able to recover from 22-24 and eventually won the set.
• An excited crowd of 3,878 spectators created a great atmosphere in Azoty Arena, but they were unhappy after the second set when Fenerbahce outplayed Chemik and doubled their lead thanks to their strong display, especially in the last rallies.
• The away side finished the match with an easy 25-15 victory in the third set to collect their fourth victory in as many matches in this year's Champions League.
• Samantha Bricio and Melissa Vargas both collected 19 points and played a crucial role in Fenerbahce's offense. Fenerbahce recorded 10 aces in the match.
• Chemik played great in blocking, but made too many mistakes and struggled with efficiency from the left side.
Samantha Bricio, player of Fenerbahce Opet ISTANBUL: "Winning the first set from 22-24 was the key to win the match afterwards. It had an impact on the rest of the game, and I am happy that we could win our fourth match in the contest."
Martyna Lukasik, player of Chemik POLICE: "The better team won the game. We just were not able to receive their serves in a way that we wanted and these mistakes decided the whole game."
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Aaliyah Biography
The Aaliyah biography is the story of a rising star who died too soon. Aaliyah Dana Haughton, born in Brooklyn, New York on January 16th, 1979 was a singer and actress and had several popular songs released, including a remake of Journey to the Past from the popular children's movie, Anastasia.
A Short Aaliyah Biography
Birth and Childhood
Aaliyah's parents were Diane and Michael Haughton. The family moved to Detroit, Michigan, when she was five, and Aaliyah was raised there along with her brother, Rashad Haughton. Aaliyah's parents enrolled her in voice lessons at a young age, and she often did performances with her church's choir. When she was in first grade, she was cast as Annie in the play, Annie. After performing in Annie, Aaliyah decided that she wanted to become an entertainer and began auditioning for television shows, such as Family Matters, and commercials. She also was on the show Star Search at the age of nine, but did not win the competition.
When she was twelve, Aaliyah was signed to Blackground Records, which is where she met her future mentor, R. Kelly. Her first album, Age Ain't Nothin' But a Number, was released in 1994 and sold a million copies. It also rose to number eighteen on the Top 100 charts. After the release of Age Ain't Nothin' But a Number, many rumors of a romantic relationship between Aaliyah and R. Kelly circulated through magazines and newspapers. Vibe magazine even had a copy of a marriage certificate for the two, though the marriage was later annulled due to the fact that Aaliyah had lied about her age on the certificate and to her parent's wishes since she was still underage.
In 1996, Aaliyah left her record label and signed with Atlantic Records, where she began to record with Missy Elliot and Timbaland. Her second album, One In a Million featured both artists on it and was very popular, selling three million copies. Aaliyah attended the Detroit High School for the Performing Arts and graduated in 1997 with a 4.0 GPA. This same year, she began her acting career, playing herself in the television show New York Undercover and doing a cover of the song Journey to the Past for the animated film, Anastasia. Aaliyah preformed the song at the ceremony for the Academy Awards as well.
Aaliyah's first major movie role did not come along until 2000, when she played the female lead in the adaptation of Romeo and Juliet, Romeo Must Die. The film grossed 18 million dollars in its first weekend alone, and she also contributed four songs to the movie's soundtrack. In 2001 her third album, Aaliyah, was released and sold 187,000 the first week that it was out.
The Aaliyah biography took a turn for the tragic on August 21, 2001. After finishing filming the music video for Aaliyah's song, Rock the Boat, the singer and her crew got on board the plane that they had flown in when they arrived at the Bahamas. They were not informed that the plane was exceeding its weight limit. The plane crashed just 200 feet after its take off from the runway. Aaliyah, as well as most of her crew, were all killed in the accident. There was an unsuccessful lawsuit against the pilot company that hired the pilot for Aaliyah, since traces of alcohol and cocaine were found in his body upon his autopsy.
After her death, Aaliyah won two awards; one for Favorite R&B Artist and one for Favorite R&B/Soul Album, for her album, Aaliyah. A final album, I Care 4 U, was released in 2002, and one of the album's singles, Miss You, hit top three on the Billboard charts.


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Question # : 11425
United Kingdom
Answer : 11425
Published on: Apr 7, 2009
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
(Fatwa: 388/360=B/1430)
Allama Shami quoted this hadith in his book ?Raddul Muhtar? that food should be started with salt and should be ended on salt. But this hadith is not authentic i.e. it is not of such status that it can be regarded as sunnah; therefore it will not be called sunnah. It is not wrong if you act upon it or leave it, both are allowable, there is no sin whatsoever.
Allah knows Best!
Darul Ifta,
Darul Uloom Deoband
Related Question
How long was the qailulah of nabi (saw)?


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RTA Vinyl Trousers
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
RTA vinyl trousers with elastic suspenders at the cuffs. Zip and logo button closure, two patch pockets on the back, leather logo label. Model height is 177 cm and she is wearing a size 27.
Composition: 69% poliestere, 31% poliuretano
This product will be shipped directly from the boutique to you from Italy. italist ships worldwide, and you will be able to track your order any time. The cost of shipping your order will be calculated at the checkout.
Delivery duties will be calculated at the checkout when shipping worldwide. This means all import duties are included in your order, so the price you see is the price you pay. You will not have to pay additional taxes and fees when you receive your package.
You can request a return within 14 days of receiving your order. We strongly recommend that you book your returns pick-up within 10 days of receiving your order to ensure that it arrives back to the boutique in time. Please note we can only collect returns from the same country to which your order was delivered. Click here to read our full returns policy.


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If you wonder on the kinds of subjects these homework assistance tutors will help you with, you should rest assured that tutors associated with the agency will assist you with mathematics, physics, chemistry and other subjects with ease. They will provide you with best homework answers online. You should look forward to making the most of the knowledge offered by the tutors in completing your specific assignments, projects, papers and homework. You will be surprised on the convenience of seeking assistance from the homework assistance services. They have made homework completing needs easier and convenient. They will help you in the best manner possible.
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Rethinking American Emancipation
Legacies of Slavery and the Quest for Black Freedom
Part of Cambridge Studies on the American South
- Editors:
- William A. Link, University of Florida
- James J. Broomall, Shepherd University, West Virginia
- Date Published: February 2016
- availability: In stock
- format: Paperback
- isbn: 9781107421349
Other available formats:
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On January 1, 1863, Abraham Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation, an event that soon became a bold statement of presidential power, a dramatic shift in the rationale for fighting the Civil War, and a promise of future freedom for four million enslaved Americans. But the document marked only a beginning; freedom's future was anything but certain. Thereafter, the significance of both the Proclamation and of emancipation assumed new and diverse meanings, as African Americans explored freedom and the nation attempted to rebuild itself. Despite the sweeping power of Lincoln's Proclamation, struggle, rather than freedom, defined emancipation's broader legacy. The nine essays in this volume unpack the long history and varied meanings of the emancipation of American slaves. Together, the contributions argue that 1863 did not mark an end point or a mission accomplished in black freedom; rather, it initiated the beginning of an ongoing, contested process.Read more
- Proposes a new view of emancipation's chronology
- Amends the 'dark turn' in emancipation studies
- Variously considers emancipation as a political, military, and social act
Reviews & endorsements
'Rethinking American Emancipation introduces new scholarly perspectives on the black freedom struggle and expands our understanding of emancipation in the context and aftermath of the American Civil War. Highlighting the ways in which emancipation was claimed, contested, and remembered, this terrific collection is a must-read for anyone interested in slavery and freedom. Its provocative and original arguments establish new standards in the field that will inform scholarly debates for years to come.' Crystal N. Feimster, Yale University, ConnecticutSee more reviews
'This wide-ranging collection of essays showcases some of the best recent work on emancipation in the American South, and reveals the vitality and diversity of the rapidly evolving scholarship.' Peter Kolchin, Henry Clay Reed Professor of History, University of Delaware
'This is a remarkable collection of essays that includes the writing of some of the most innovative scholars of emancipation and reconstruction working today. These historians' interpretively forceful essays work brilliantly in conversation with one another. They yield a volume that illustrates in bold relief the ways in which emancipation was so much more than 'a moment' or a concept, but rather a lengthy, irregular, and multivalent process. This volume is an invaluable encapsulation of current scholarship on emancipation and reconstruction.' Anne Marshall, Mississippi State University
'Eschewing the iconography of emancipation, the nine essays in this volume from a 2013 conference offer 'new ways' of understanding slavery's demise in the US: e.g., Lincoln's 1863 edict did not end slavery, but began freedom's long journey; emancipation impacted all Southerners, not just former slaves; the emancipation state continued its territorial expansion and conquest into the US West; emancipation remained contested terrain by radicals and liberals in the US and diasporic Africans in the Americas. The volume sits within an evolving historiography of 'factors, contingencies, and individual efforts' shaping emancipation. Summing up: recommended. All academic levels/libraries.' J. R. Kerr-Ritchie, Choice
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Product details
- Date Published: February 2016
- format: Paperback
- isbn: 9781107421349
- dimensions: 229 x 153 x 16 mm
- weight: 0.4kg
- contains: 14 b/w illus.
- availability: In stock
Table of Contents
Introduction William A. Link and James Broomall
Part I. Claiming Emancipation:
1. A universe of flight Yael Sternhell
2. Force, freedom, and the making of emancipation Greg Downs
3. Military interference in elections as an influence on abolition William A. Blair
Part II. Contesting Emancipation:
4. 'One pillar of the social fabric may still stand firm': bluegrass marriage in the emancipation era Allison Fredette
5. Axes of empire: race, region, and the 'greater Reconstruction' of federal authority after emancipation Carole Emberton
6. Fear of reenslavement: black political mobilization in response to the waning of Reconstruction Justin Behrend
Part III. Remembering Emancipation:
7. African Americans and the long emancipation in New South Atlanta William A. Link
8. 'Washington, Toussaint, and Bolivar, the glorious advocates of liberty': black internationalism and reimagining emancipation Paul Ortiz
9. Remembering the abolitionists John Stauffer
Epilogue: emancipation and the nation Laura F. Edwards.
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i watched the Golden Globes awards and saw a couple of Hollywood stars wearing CK.
CK dresses never fail to make one look so effortlessly classy. Mostly, they are in bold blocks of colours making 'em look extra sleek and neat too.
i found a "very CK dress" from The Pop Look, so i decided to try it on :
Coincidentally, it matches my heels perfectly!
Slinky Knot Toga | The Pop Look
Heels | Charles & Keith
Lace Ring | Miss Selfridge
Bracelet | DIVA
Black Pearl Nail Polish | Topshop
Don't know what to wear for your upcoming social event? Well, here's a tip : Sometimes less is more.
When people drown themselves in cloth and clothes, you'll stand out in a clean cut dress like this.
p/s: it is super comfy too!


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Sure, if it's more convenient to do it locally, then by all means. However, there are very few companies in Australia who copy art well - it's a very specialised process. Contact us to find out the questions you should ask when choosing someone to copy your art.
Can I get my art copied somewhere else?Follow
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Overview on Ice Bins Advantages of using Espresso machines: So, listed below are the benefits:- In case your intention in your household device is just the style of your espresso, then it's possible you'll well need to take note of the French press kind. This sort of device extracts the oil from grounded espresso, which accounts for the nice style of just about every cup made by it.
Choosing Espresso machines: The grilling area is decked out with porcelain enamelled cooking bars, great for producing restaurant quality sear marks. And, users can rest assured that the grill temperature will be consistent all over as a consequence of Weber's rigorous testing procedures carried out in manufacturing.
French Press Espresso Machine Toaster ovens are available in just a few assorted sizes starting from small to massive. A large toaster oven can simply fit things similar to whole chickens and pizzas in. Smaller models may be higher suited to a single steak or a toasted sandwich although. There is little or no a lot more inviting than waking up to the odor of baking bread, or coming residence from operate to the aroma of a wonderful refreshing loaf.
Optimum Worth from Factory Seconds Appliances In summary, Pizza Ovens are crucial equipment in kitchen. It will help many pizza lovers to save lots of their time and cash so go for it and benefit from the final taste of pizzas. How straightforward is the juicer to clean? At the end of the shift your workers will probably be able to go dwelling, haven't got their timesheets extended on account of the fact that your industrial juicer is a nightmare to wash.
Function 4. Chimney hoods – Chimney hoods are made in the shapes of chimney having an extended body. Dimensions of it can be find in smaller ones so that it could not take away lots of space of the kitchen making it look congested and stiff. The Web is a perfect place to seek out some good espresso machines to your institution. Simply take a while out and find a good website that sells high quality industrial espresso machines. Be sure to choose solely a reputed site so that you do not end up paying for an inexpensive unit.


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The latest The Numbers Guy column of the Wall Street Journal investigates why early predictions of the magnitude of the H1N1 epidemic seem to have been significantly overestimated. Luckily, the swine flu did not turn into the massive epidemic people feared it would. While the column focuses on why the predictions were so far off the actual counts, I thought this quote by Jimmy Efird, a biostatistician at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro, was more interesting:
Sometimes you're better off not trying to estimate something when it's difficult to model.
But after reading the article, it seems to me that the problem was a lack of data rather than an incorrect model. The author notes that only small data sets were being used and the title of the column in fact references that the data was flawed, not necessarily the model. It is easy to blame the model when things don't go the way we plan, but maybe sometimes the data (or lack of it) is to blame.
Not having enough data or the right data is a common problem when practicing OR in business. A few years ago, a client wanted to analyze the viability of schedules created days in advance. These schedules were optimal based on the data available when the model was run; however, in the time between when the schedule was created and when it was used, the schedule often had to be modified to accommodate new or updated data. The company wanted to know if the model could be improved to provide schedules that were less sensitive to the data changes that were occurring.
The problem was that the company was not tracking how the data changed, why changes had to be made to the schedule, or even what changes had been made. Once the schedule had been changed, the user was no longer able to even look at the previous schedule to compare it. How could the model be improved to make better solutions if we didn't even know what was wrong with the original solution? There was a lack of data needed to make these adjustments to the model.
Rather than immediately question the model when the solution doesn't come out like we expect, we should first consider whether we have enough data and the right data. Just like a computer can only do what the user tells it to do, a model can only use the data we have given it. After spending hours or days finding the right mathematical formulation, no one wants to hear that there isn't enough data to run the model. But collecting sufficient and appropriate data is just as important a task as creating the right model.


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Analysis of the Navy's humanitarian assistance and disaster relief program performance
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Winn, Timothy J.
Yoder, E. Cory
Gibbons, Deborah
MetadataShow full item record
This joint applied research project analyzed the performance of the United States Navy while operating in a Joint Task Force during recent humanitarian assistance and disaster relief missions. The performance of the USN during these missions was measured by comparing the regulations, procedures, and stated goals for these missions against interviews of firsthand accounts and a literature review documenting the Navy's role during recent HADR missions. This project was not intended to determine if the actions taken during recent HADR missions were the right actions to take or if the results could have been better given alternative actions. Rather, the assessment focused solely on determining if the actions on the ground differed from the published doctrine. The recommendations for this project focused on how leaders appointed to conduct HADR missions may better align their actions on the ground against the stated goals for the mission, and, recommendations for updating current instructions and procedures to better align the published doctrine with the best practices observed on the ground.
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
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Romain Grosjean has expressed his views on the regulations regarding the territorial track limits drivers have to obey at races, saying that the sport could benefit if they had more space to drive.
Track limits regulations have been a hot topic of discussion recently, as the FIA have started issuing warnings and penalties to drivers who are going over the kerbs and not obeying the track limits at each track.
However, the Frenchman believes that it is ruining the spectatorship of the sport, explaining that it makes for a more exciting race if drivers are given more space to play with.
"I like the liberty, the freedom of going wide," said the 30-year-old.
"I think it looks great running on the kerbs. I watched the NASCAR race at Sonoma and their track limits are… well, I don't know why they paint white lines!
"And it looked great. I mean everyone is doing the same. In the end, sometimes it's more risky because you go on a kerb and on a surface that is less smooth. I'm quite in favour of letting cars run wide."
Grosjean, though, did add that if they are given more space they should utilise it within reason as some corners and turns are too dangerous.
"The Raidillon is a bit of a different case," he added.
"You could go straight and then it's not a corner anymore. In Eau Rouge, it makes sense to police [track limits], electronically or not, otherwise it's just not fun.
"Turn 9 in Silverstone is a bit of tricky one as well because you don't want the car to be completely off track but if we're on the kerb and on the Astroturf fighting I think it's a great corner."
Enjoy the full experience of the 2016 FIA Formula One season on FOX Sports Play, where you can catch LIVE races from angles unseen before, exclusive interviews, behind the scenes, in-depth analysis and so much more. Don't miss it!


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This website privacy policy describes how Main Line Timber Ltd protects and make use of the information you give the company when you use this website.
If you are asked to provide information when using this website, it will only be used in the ways described in this privacy policy.
This policy will be updated from time to time. The latest version is published on this page.
This website privacy policy was last updated on 25th October 2017
If you have any questions about this policy, please email [email protected] or write to Main Line Timber Ltd, Old Station Yard, Woodford Halse, Daventry, Northamptonshire, NN11 3RB
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We supply a wide range of wood and metal based products for all of your garden project requirements. We also manufacture wooden gates to your size requirements. For more information about us and how we can help you, please call us on:
01327 262124
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Marton, Leamington Spa


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If you had a clear choice between quality and speed on your USB drive, which would you choose? In most cases, you would say quality because, at the end of the day, high quality is worth every penny whereas file transfer speed can result in sloppiness. But what if speed depended on quality just as much as quality depended on speed?
Speed affects the quality in using USB flash drives. Some USB features are fast and some are slow, but the markings on these storage devices rarely tell you which is which. So, buyers are at a disadvantage since they never really know what they're getting unless they really dig into some hardcore research.
USB 3.1 vs. USB 2.0. USB Features.
Updated March, 2017. USB is short for Universal Serial Bus. Digital Trends ranked the USB as one of the top PC innovations of all time. The most commonly used USB driven devices today are handheld flash drives. These flash drives use high quality NAND flash memory. Here are the 4 speed types defined by USB 3.1 and USB 2.0 specifications. 1) SuperSpeed Plus (SSP), 2) SuperSpeed (SS), 3) Hi-Speed (HS) 4) Full-Speed (FS). Standard read/write speeds are as follows:
- USB 2.0: 4~10 MB/s write speed range and 15~25 MB/s read speed range.
- USB 3.0: 10~20 MB/s write speed range and 40~50 MB/s read speed range.
- USB 3.1: Improvements for USB 3.1, increase in data transfer bandwidth of up to 10 GB/s.
- USB devices can now (2017) have read rates up to 400 MB/s and write rates up to 300 MB/s.
The actual read and write speed ranged can vary from device to device, and they are affected by the components used to construct each flash drive. It's important to always remember that the exact read and write speed range is never guaranteed.
The Best USB Flash Drives.
Picking out a flash drive can feel like picking out a new car. With all of the brands populating the market, how do you know which flash drives actually deserve your attention? Here are some tips to steer you in the right direction:
- The Viper USB 3.1 Gen. 1 flash drive delivers the trifecta of user needs; speed, mass storage and value. USB 3.1 technology enables the Patriot Viper USB to perform up to ten times faster than USB 2.0 drives, allowing a 2GB file to be transferred in mere seconds. The use of a single-chip USB 3.1 flash memory controller allows this flash drive to deliver sequential read performance at speeds up to 85MB/s read and 65MB/s write. The Viper USB flash drive
- Kingston brand USB drives: Kingston is one of the noteworthy names in the USB device market. It's a trusted brand around for a while. Although Kingston doesn't provide the fastest flash drives on the market (in fact, they are slightly below average in read and write speeds), they do make quality USB devices that are durable. Features customers like include budget friendly pricing, simple solid designs, and no removable cap to lose.
- SanDisk brand USB drives: SanDisk one of the most revered names in memory add-on technology. They are a trusted brand dedicated to innovation. Their USB flash devices boast some of the fastest read and write speeds on the market. Features consumers appreciate include slick designs, no removable cap to lose, and fast data write/read speeds. Unlike other brands, ScanDisk flash drives are moderately expensive, lack a handy key-chain hole, and their retractable USB connector design takes some getting used to.
- Corsair brand USB drives: Corsair is another common flash device brand. Consumers like their rugged, sealed, and aircraft-grade aluminum case. However, the devices themselves offer below average read and write speeds, and the overall device design feels oversized for a flash drive.
SanDisk and Kingston are two of the most popular USB flash drive brands around. They both offer internal and external USB drives with encryption and password protection features and they both offer reliable read and write speed ranges. In fact, SanDisk is somewhat above par when it comes to speed.
Research Your Favorites.
When comparing flash memory device features and selecting your favorites, avoid the want to make an impulsive decisions. Before buying a USB flash drive, research the exact brand and model you are considering. User reviews can be a strong indicator as to the overall quality and speed of the flash drive. Reviews can also indicate whether a specific model is prone to damage due to poor design or materials, and you can quickly determine whether it will endure your use. If you need more help with research or recovery, click here.


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Happy Mother's Day!
Happy, happy Mother's Day from our crazy crew to yours. May you celebrate in all the ways that make you most happy.
A MONSTER-SIZED Happy Mother's Day to my own mom, who has been there through it all and is the best grandma to these buddies!
Oh, there are more moms in my life that I can't leave out - Happy Mother's day Grandma Rosie (great-grandma to the boys!), my mother-in-law Heidi (grandma BB!), sister-in-law Beth (Aunt Beth) and sister-in-law Katja (Tante Katja). These moms are worthy of the most splendid celebration today.
There's more! A Happy Mother's Day to all of my mom friends. The ones in San Francisco who muddled through the early stages of motherhood with me (blood, sweat, tears, milk, barf and poop included), the ones here in Minneapolis who love a good Friday happy hour while the kids watch movies, and to the ones around the world who I don't get to see often enough but connect with every day online.
I hope you have a chance to wish the special moms in your life a Happy Mother's Day. And if you're a mom, I hope you take a minute to celebrate all it is that you do EVERY DAY. Give yourself a high five for the big things and the little things that you do for your family - there are far too many things to list here, but you know what I'm talking about.
The two guys in the photo above make my heart flutter each and every day with love (and potentially anxiety when I realize the enormity of the task of "mothering.") I am so lucky they call me Mommy.
Happy Mother's Day.


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A distinct component of a company's waste program is its recycling initiative. Cass provides expert guidance and management of corporate recycling programs to deliver savings in both time and money.
Working with Cass, you will offload the management of your recycling program while saving money. Our complete solution for recycling management includes:
Managing recycling for hundreds of clients gives us detailed insight into market rates across the U.S. When we negotiate your contracts, we leverage the data from our waste expense management technology platform (WasteVision™) to set target rates and fee structures. Because Cass already works with recycling companies everywhere, our clients tap into the buying power of our organization to achieve better rates than they could negotiate alone.
Also, by also continuously monitoring invoices for errors, your recycling costs will be completely controlled.
If your organization does not yet recycle, Cass can provide much-needed guidance for designing and implementing your program. Beneath the marketing cloud of 'going green' with recycling lies a rugged terrain of real-world business challenges. Vendor service capabilities, geographic footprint, site-specific design limitations, education and cost-of-service are just a few common issues that need to be navigated by businesses looking to implement a corporate recycling program.
Our LEED-accredited professionals and resources bring proven experience in service plan design and intimate knowledge of recycling markets, vendors, equipment and methods. Our experts will help you evaluate viable, business-practical green waste solutions to balance sustainability goals with responsible expense control.
An increasing number of organizations today report their sustainability efforts to various stakeholders such as investors, tenants or the general public. The data we collect through managing your contracts and recycling invoices allows us to gather and report such data. Our sustainability reports provide total recycling tonnage and the percentage of total waste that has been diverted from the waste stream due to recycling.


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Image via WikipediaI'm currently sitting at my son's dance studio, waiting for him to finish his hip/hop rehearsal in preparation of the big recital in two weeks. Ironically, in one of the studios nearby, the class is working on a dance to Alice Cooper's 1972 hit, "School's Out," while I'm writing this blog announcing the new EthicsPoint Fund for the Discovery and Dissemination of Ethics Research with The University of Arizona's Department of Management and Organizations in the Eller College of Management. School is definitely NOT out for EthicsPoint!
The first of its kind for the University and EthicsPoint, the Fund will support research, education and collaborative programs designed to redefine the focus and impact of business ethics research. One of the things that attracted us to the work being done at The University of Arizona is they share our view that the teaching and research of business ethics needs to transition from the philosophical to the practical.
As a result of our partnership, we'll be working with the faculty of the Department of Management and Organizations in a number of ways, including:
- Establishing a Business Ethics Symposium later this year in which industry ethics and compliance officers and faculty from M&O will jointly participate in panel discussions that tie best practices from industry with budding research from academia.
- Publicizing the work of the M&O faculty in the area of business ethics through webinars, whitepapers and other communication vehicles.
- Working with the faculty on their research projects into business ethics when appropriate.
- Collaborating with the faculty within their classrooms, with EthicsPoint senior management participating as guest lecturers, providing students with the perspective of private industry to augment their studies.