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Why did Etula (Etowah) boom, while much of the Southern Highlands became the boonies?
It is a pattern that you see in archaeological reports for hundreds of sites in Northern Georgia, Southeastern Tennessee and Western North North Carolina. While a few towns, such as Etula, plus those on Hiwassee Island, Tennessee and Tugaloo Island, Georgia boomed between around 1200 AD and 1375 AD, many towns and villages elsewhere suddenly had much smaller populations or were completely abandoned. The archaeologists could find few or no artifacts from that era. What happened?
The pattern first became apparent in 2012, while I was researching the region around the Track Rock Terrace Complex in extreme North Georgia and immediately north in Western North Carolina. So far, the oldest radiocarbon date from a terrace at Track Rock is 1018 AD. That's only about 20 years later than the oldest radiocarbon dates at Etula and Ichese (the Lamar Village at Ocmulgee National Monument). Since only a couple of terraces out of well over 200 at Track Rock have been analyzed, older terraces may exist, but the date does suggest contemporary community development at many locations in the Southern Piedmont and Appalachian Mountains.
In the river bottomlands near Track Rock, numerous sites with modest truncated pyramidal mounds appeared about the same time. In fact, two on Town Creek in Union County, GA and Brasstown Creek in Towns County, GA were only about four miles away from the terrace complex. That means two entirely different approaches to agriculture thrived in walking distance of each other. Continuing northward on US Hwy. 129,which follows closely the route of the Nene Hvtke Rakko (Great White Path) mentioned in several Creek Migration Legends, you find more of these same type mounds, almost equally spaced all the way to the foot of the Great Smoky Mountains. In fact, one of the best preserved mounds in the Southeast is privately owned and adjacent to the US 129 right-of-way in Graham County, NC. It is called the Talulah Mound . . . Tulula being the Itsate Creek word for a small town.
This mound is not even listed by the State of North Carolina in its official mound registry, despite being so visible to tourists. However, its appearance provides readers with a good idea of what "Etowah I" mounds looked like. Note that it has no protection and is being used as a cattle feeding lot. During the past 30 years, numerous mounds containing Proto-Creek artifacts have been bulldozed in Western North Carolina. One of them became the sewage treatment plant for the Cherokee Reservation.
Like the Harben Mound in Dawson County, GA, which was recently described in a POOF article, the mounds built in the Southern Highlands during the period from 900 AD to 1200 AD had long, broad ramps aligned with the Winter Solstice Sunset. (See the photo below.) They did not seem to be the segregated domain of some powerful high king, but places of worship, easily accessible by large numbers of people. This suggest that religious practices were different than in the "Middle Mississippian Period" and that the societies were more egalitarian. Certainly the extremely steep and narrow stairway of Mound A at Etowah Mounds suggests that few people were allowed to climb up to its summit and have direct contact with the Great Sun.
A very similar mound formerly existed in the Nacocchee Valley in the Sautee Community, north of the Kenimer Mound. In 1927, the new sanctuary for the Nacoochee Presbyterian Church was built upon it. However, dozens of almost identical mounds once were landmarks in many other valleys of the Southern Appalachians and Piedmont. Whenever you find a stream named Town Creek, Etowah Creek, Hightower Creek or Mound Creek, you can be sure that 180 years of plowing have almost erased the existence of this modest style of mound from the stream's banks. Etowah and Hightower are Anglicizations of the Muskogee Creek word, Etalwa, which is the equivalent of the Itsate word, Etula.
For most of its 12,000 years or more of human occupation, the artifacts found in the Nacoochee Valley were identical or similar to those found in Northwest Georgia and often even in Middle Georgia. While excavating 38 archaeological sites in the Nacoochee Valley during 1939, archaeologist Robert Wauchope only found one or two sites, which he thought contained artifacts they he thought dated to the period between 1250 and 1400 AD at Etowah Mounds. There seemed to be about a 200 year period when few people lived in the valley.
Currently, I am studying the work of archaeologists Robert Wauchope, Arthur Kelly and Lewis Larson in the Upper Etowah River Valley and its tributaries. The region had a relative dense human occupation from the Early Woodland Period until the end of the Etula's first occupation around 1200 AD. There were several towns containing mounds at such locations as Long Swamp Creek in Pickens County, the Etowah River and Cane Creek in Lumpkin County, plus Amicalola Creek in Dawson County. Very few artifacts have been found, which date from the period between 1200 AD and 1400 AD. The region was then reoccupied by people making highly refined Lamar Culture artifacts. These highly respected archaeologists had no explanation for the apparent 200 year gap in human occupation.
An apocalyptic storm and then a diaspora?
Around 1200 AD a massive storm rolled through the Lower Southeast. The rains caused the Ocmulgee River to completely inundate the town of Ichese, which was on a horseshoe bend in that river. Afterward, Ichese was on an island. The Ocmulgee flood left a deposit of alluvial muck over the entire town. In the 1930s, archaeologists did not continue digging through the muck to get to the original town. This is what started the myth that Ichese was not settled for 200 years after the abandonment of the Ocmulgee Acropolis. Like so much other archaeological mythology that we Creeks have to deal with, this orthodoxy began as a speculation before the days of radiocarbon dating.
In 1973 and 1974, National Park Service archaeologists dug through the muck and obtained a founding date of around 990 AD for Ichese, but this fact has been kept out of the textbooks and references such as Wikipedia, although many (still living) archaeologists attended the conference, where the date was presented. The same people, making the same styles of pottery founded both Ichese and Etula at about the same time.
A similar process of fabricated history happened at Etowah Mounds. During the first occupation of Etula, Mound A was on the north end of a horseshoe bend. The massive storm inundated the town and cut a new channel for the river to the south of the three big mounds. You can still see the old channel in the landscape of Etowah Mounds. The town then extended southward to both sides of where the river flows. Originally, there were 15 to 18 mounds, depending on whose early account you trust. In 1818, Yale professor, Elias Cornelius, surveyed Mound A. The mound was a different shape than today and had 18 feet more earth on top. Between 1818 and 1885, the appearance of the mounds changed radically because the Tumlin family allowed collectors to pay $200 a day to excavate anywhere they liked.
In 1886, a massive flood on the Etowah River devastated the Etowah Mounds archaeological zone. Earthworks near the river banks on both sides were swept away, while up to 15 feet of sand was deposited on the portion of the zone that is now a state-owned park. In the late 1990s, while working on his dissertation, archaeologist Adam King discovered that the base of Mound A was actually 15 feet below the current surface. So in 1818, Etowah Mound was almost as tall as Monks Mound in Cahokia!
For 60 years, visitors to the Etowah Mounds museum were led to believe that Georgia archaeologists studied the entire town site between 1955 and 1957. In fact, they only excavated Mounds B and C, plus the area immediately around those mounds. Etowah Mound A, the big one, has never been excavated by professional archaeologists. Property owners had bulldozed several mounds on the south side of the river, when they heard that the state was planning to buy the town site.
Archaeologists Arthur Kelly, Lew Larson and Joseph Caldwell made no mention of the 40-50 acres of the town site, south of the river. Subsequent archaeological papers and references have also ignored this area. In his dissertation and subsequent books, Adam King even seems unaware that much of the original town was completely destroyed by the relocation, south of the river and channel. He describes the original town as being essentially a village with modest mounds.
Around 1250 AD, the site of Etula, north of the Etowah River, was re-occupied by a people making a different style of pottery. I strongly suspect that remnants of the original population never stopped living on the south side of the river. On the north side an entirely different town plan was developed, which was reminiscent of the plan of several large towns on the Lower Mississippi River, such as Marksville. The town was heavily fortified with a moat and a continues palisade with guard towers spaced around 75 feet apart. The original mounds were greatly expanded. Enormous amounts of human energy were required to haul the dirt to expand Mound A from a modest platform to a pyramidal man-made mountain.
As a massive population increase occurred at the new town of Etula, satellite towns and villages sprang up within one days walk north, west, east and south of the fortified capital. Many had a single mound, indicated that they were tululas (tvlofa in Muskogee) or district administrative centers. There are many Native American town sites in Cobb, Floyd, Paulding and Cherokee Counties, Georgia that local residents have never heard of, because after receiving an official site number from archaeologists, or perhaps even being excavated, their existence was never publicized. Large towns, 200 years older than Etula near Ball Ground, GA (9CK1) and across from the mouth of Peachtree Creek in Cobb County, GA continued to grow with multiple mounds. However, once one gets much farther than 25 miles from Etowah Mounds, there is little evidence of human occupation between 1250 AD and 1400 AD, until one gets into sites with stone terraces and stone architecture . . . the realms of the Highland Apalache.
While Etula, Hiwassee Island, Tugaloo Island, the headwaters of the Little Tennessee River, Ocmulgee Bottoms and the Georgia stone architecture towns were booming, the Anasazi Culture disappeared, the Middle Mississippi Valley became almost depopulated and Moundville, Alabama was largely abandoned. Yet there is very little evidence of human occupation in between the big towns in the Southern Highlands and Blue Ridge Foothills.
This depopulation of Foothills and Appalachians has not apparently not been an phenomenon that interested anthropologists, but it is of great interest to Native Americans, who want to know the true history of their ancestors. A few anthropologists in the Southwest and Texas, with little knowledge of the Creek Homeland, state in their books and papers that the same drought, which devastated peoples in the Midwest, also wiped out the towns in the Mississippi Basin and the Southeast. Drought could not be the culprit in the Creek Homeland. The Amicalola River Basin gets 14 more inches of rainfall a year than Etowah Mounds, yet it was apparently almost uninhabited while the Lower Etowah River Valley was booming.
There was probably no ethnic cleansing carried out by invaders around 1250 AD, because there is a continuous evolution of pottery and architectural styles in the Creek Homeland from the Early Woodland Period (c. 1000 BC) to around 1700 AD. The Lamar Culture People, who repopulated these regions after around 1375 AD, built architecture that had been seen before (at a more modest scale) and made pottery that was merely a refinement of earlier ceramic traditions in the Creek Homeland.
Apparently, "something" motivated villagers to abandon their homes and relocate to the vicinity of the Lower Etowah River Basin. Did the elite, who re-established Etula on a grander scale around 1250 AD force indigenous peoples to resettle near their capital? Did wars, on an apocalyptic scale between major towns, cause residents to flee to major population centers, where large armies could protect them? Did the availability of cultural activity, imported commodities and agricultural surpluses make life in the "Big Cities" make life there so attractive that large numbers of people found it an advantage to move to the Big City? These are questions that have not been answered.
What can be said with some certainty is that the rise of the Lamar Culture after Etula was suddenly abandoned seems to represent the military victory of a more egalitarian alliance over the large towns such as Etula. Soon thereafter similar architecture, art and ceramics could be found from southwestern Virginia to the Lower Chattahoochee River Basin. It was the beginning of the very first, People of One Fire.
Richard Thornton
Latest posts by Richard Thornton (see all)
- Video . . . The Four Seasons of the Potawatomi People - August 19, 2019
- Movie . . . Sami Blood . . . plus an introduction to the Sami People - August 17, 2019
- Videos . . . the Mi'kmaq People of Nova Scotia - August 15, 2019
- The First Creek Confederacy did not include the Muskogees! - August 14, 2019
- Ten feet tall Easter Lilies - August 14, 2019


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Hello everyone!
This weekend is going to be a very busy one for the blog. Even though we have almost made it through the month of January, I have decided to post FOUR days in a row starting today. These posts will contain my 2017 favorites in the categories of beauty, fashion, lifestyle, and design/decor.
I am beyond excited to share these favorites with you, and I think it will be super cool to look back on these posts and see how my personal style and daily routines change throughout the years.
This first post is going to be all things makeup and beauty related. I spend most of my time watching Youtube videos on beauty products, and most of my money goes to makeup as well. Over the past year my collection more than doubled in size, and this post will highlight my favorite products that I discovered in 2017!
Foundation: Wet N Wild PhotoFocus Foundation $5.99
This foundation stole the show for me this year. I have never been one to splurge on a high end foundation, but 2017 was definitely the year that the drugstore stepped up their game when it came to face products. This foundation is a medium to full coverage foundation with a natural finish. The coverage is perfect for my almost every day routine of being on campus.
Concealer: Tarte Shape Tape $27.00
This concealer has been a part of every beauty blogger's 2017 favorites that I've seen! It is lightweight, full coverage, brightening, and just the perfect concealer. It is an ULTA exclusive, so you can shop the shade range either at Tarte's website or at ULTA.
Setting Powder: RCMA No Color Powder $12.00
There isn't much to say about setting powders, but this one from RCMA is great! It is the perfect powder for baking, and since I have oily skin I bake my makeup almost every day. Even though it is a white powder it doesn't leave a white cast on the skin, and I have heard from influencers on social media that this powder is also great for dry skin!
Eyeshadow: Tarte Tartelette In Bloom $46.00
As you can see, this palette has been very well loved by me over the past year. This was a birthday present and I have used it almost every single day since I got it. Tarte eyeshadows are extremely soft and blendable, while also being very pigmented.
Eyeliner: NYX Epic Ink Liner in Black $7.99
If you have known me since before 8th grade you can probably remember how my eyes looked before I wore a cat eye every single day. I have used many different liquid eyeliners, but this one is by far by favorite. This pen is a brush tip, so the bristles bend very easily with the shape of your eye. Also, it is a very black, very matte line. The liquid takes a couple of seconds to dry, but it does not smudge or bleed at all on my eyes.
Mascara: Benefit Roller Lash Mascara in Black $24.00
I have been using this mascara for longer than a year, and I'm not sure that I will ever use another mascara. The thin, rubber wand is perfect for separating and lengthening my eyelashes. Also, something really cool about the formula is that this mascara is infused with provitamin B5 and serine, both of which are known for their lash conditioning qualities. I have noticed that my eyelashes are longer, and thicker since I've been using this mascara!
Bronzer: Wet N Wild ColorIcon Bronzer in "Ticket to Brazil" $3.99
I switched between two bronzers throughout 2017, but this one came out as my ultimate favorite. There are three shades that this bronzer comes in, and this is the medium shade. Although it is fairly light for a medium shade, this bronzer is the perfect shade for me. My skin tone is on the end of the spectrum closest to Casper the Friendly Ghost, and it is always a struggle for me to find a bronzer shade that has a neutral to cool enough undertone to work on my skin.
Blush: Tarte Amazonian Clay Blush in "Exposed" $29.00
Essence Satin Touch Blush in "20 Satin Love" $2.99
These are the two blushes that I have been using throughout the entire year of 2017. One is high end, and the other is incredibly affordable. The Tarte Amazonian Clay blushes are some of the best on the market. They are just pigmented enough to not be overwhelming on the face, while also being blendable and long-wearing. The Essence blush was a new find for me during 2017 and it has quickly become my day to day blush. This blush is also pigmented, but not too pigmented, and blends beautifully on the skin. The colors and undertones of these specific shades are perfect for nearly any look, making them a great addition to any collection.
Highlighter: Essence Pure Nude Highlighter $4.49
Ofra Rodeo Drive Highlighter $29.00
I had never used highlighter until 2017, but I have definitely added plenty to my collection over the past year. Once again, one of these favorites is high end, while the other is extremely affordable. The Ofra Rodea Drive highlighter is a blinding gold highlight that I use for more special occasions. The Pure Nude Highlighter is much more subtle, and is the one that I use when I'm going to be on campus, or at home all day. This highlight is more of a champagne nude color. Both of these highlighters also stay on the face all day long.
Lip Liner: Essence Lip Liner in "11 In The Nude" $1.99
Lip Stick: MAC Satin Finish in "Faux" $17.00
Liquid Lipstick: Sephora Cream Lip Stain in "05 Infinite Rose" $14.00
Wet N Wild Megalast Liquid Catsuit Lipstick in "Rebel Rose" $4.99
Kylie Cosmetics Matte Liquid Lipstick in "Kristen" $17.00
Lip Gloss: Buxom Full-On Lip Cream in "Dolly" $20.00
This was the hardest decision to make for me when choosing my 2017 favorites. I have purchased way too many lip products over the past year, but these were the ones that I keep reaching for!
The Essence lip liner is the perfect "your lips but better" shade. It lasts most of the day, and is the lip color that I wear on most days.
Mac Faux is once again a pinky nude that I use on a day to day basis. Since it is a satin finish, it doesn't have the staying power that the Essence lip liner does, but it is still a beautiful shade that can go with almost any eye look.
These three liquid lipsticks are the ones that I alternate between the most. The Sephora Cream Lip Stain, and the Wet N Wild shade are very wearable and go with most eye looks. Kylie Cosmetics "Kristen" is my go to for special events or holidays. This shade has the perfect undertone for my skin, and it is bold without being over the top.
This lip gloss is all that I wore during the spring and summer months. The Full-On Lip Cream formula is glossy, without being sticky or goopy. Also, this shade is pigmented enough to wear on its own; however, I would occasionally pair it with a lip liner or a lipstick.
Setting Spray: Milani Make It Last Setting Spray $9.99
Setting sprays were everywhere in 2017! I actually began using setting sprays during the year, and they have made the biggest difference in my makeup routine. I notice that my face products sink into the skin better when I use a setting spray, and my makeup lasts a lot longer during the day. In 2017 I tried two sprays, but this one was my absolute favorite! It sets my makeup while keeping my oils at bay, and it is only $9.99 at the drugstore!
I hope that you all have enjoyed learning about my 2017 beauty favorites. These truly are products that I use every day, and believe in with my heart, mind, and soul!
Thank you for joining me, and I hope you'll come back tomorrow for my 2017 Best of Fashion!

subset: commoncrawl


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The overall heat transfer co-efficient of borosilicate glass equipment compare favorably with many alternative process plant construction materials. This is because the smooth surfaces of the glass improve the film coefficient and reduce the tendency for fouling.
Two basic types of glass heat exchanger are described in this chapter, Coil type and Shell and Tube type. Shell and tube type heat exchangers are available with glass or Mild Steel (MS) Shells in combination with glass tube as standard. The shell, end bonnets can be supplied in other material of construction eg, CS, SS, PTFE lined, FRP, glass lined etc, depending on the process condition. The tube can also be supplied in Silicon Carbide.
Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger consists of a cylindrical shell which uses a glass tube bundle. Tubes are fixed in the tube sheet. Each tube is individually sealed by PTFE 'O' ring in the tube sheet at both ends.
Following are the advantage of using Shell & Tube heat exchangers:
- Larger Heat Transfer Area in single unit
- Low pressure drop
- Easy Tube Replacement.
- Tube can be plugged in case of Breakage.
Glass coil type heat exchangers are available as condensers, boilers or immersion type units with heat transfer areas up to 8m2. There are no internal sealing problems as the coil is welded to the shell making a one piece unit.
Both types of heat exchangers are available in a wide range of nominal bores and are totally compatible with the other glass process plant and pipeline components described in the other chapters of this catalogue.
Glass heat exchangers have standard flat buttress end connection (with the exception of service connections on some smaller units). Further details of these are provided in chapter 1 - Technical Information.
DN refers to the nominal bore. Unless otherwise stated, all dimensions are given in mm.
In Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Multi-pass (up to 4 pass-tube side) can be supplied request.


text:
An item designed to be used for supporting corsets, shells, sockets and shanks for fabrication during orthoses and prostheses. Item can be formed under heat treatment without shrinking, and be manipulated in cold conditions with metal and woodworking tools.
Our medical equipment dictionary is provided for use by medical students, nurses and other healthcare professionals and is for general, educational purposes only. If you would like to suggest an addition or update to the definition for temporary intracanalicular collagen implant, please contact us.


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Bolin WebbR1 Argent & CaseAccessory
Try it in Gida Profumi shopsMilano Marittima
Gida Profumi Shop Milano Marittima
Viale Romagna, 97, 48015 Milano Marittima, RA
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Opening Time
Monday Closed
Tuesday 15:30-19:30
Wednesday 10:00–13:00, 15:30-19:30
Thursday 10:00–13:00, 15:30-19:30
Friday 10:00–13:00, 15:30-19:30
Saturday 10:00–13:00, 15:30-19:30
Sunday 10:00–13:00, 15:30-19:30
Open on all holidays except at Christmas
Gida Profumi Shop Turin
Via Andrea Doria 4bis 10123, Turin
Ask for Information
Opening Time
Monday 15:30-19:30
Tuesday 10:00-14:00, 15:30-19:30
Wednesday 10:00–14:00, 15:30-19:30
Thursday 10:00–19:30
Friday 10:00-14:00, 15:30-19:30
Saturday 10:00–19:30
Sunday Closed
An original R1 razor with a refreshing automotive silver finish. Bolin Webb takes a great shave and gives it style. So enjoy a superior wet shave with this award-winning razor. Presented here in a luxury gift set with its smart travel companion – the uniquely compatible and award winning silicone razor case.


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Christian Benteke
Benteke started his career off and most pundits genuinely thought Aston Villa had uncovered a late bloomer in Benteke, after he scored 49 goals in 100 games for them, he moved to Liverpool for £32.5m. Which is where things went downhill!
He scored 10 goals in 42 appearances for Liverpool, which is pretty bad seeing as they're a top 5 team. After this, he moved to Crystal Palace, where he has scored 15 goals in 45.
He's moved down a peg to Crystal Palace, where he's probably not expected to score many goals, but it's the performances which may seem worrying!
Peak Age
Benteke is at the peak age, so it seems he has one more chance to turn his career around.
He can score goals
His stats show that he can score goals. Maybe it's the service he is receiving?
Negative Performance Buzz
Since PB has started, he has earnt negative scores, meaning he has little chance of winning dividends.
Lack of Media Attention
Crystal Palace players don't tend to have much of the media's attention, so he is very limited.
Reasons to Buy Benteke
Benteke is currently at the lowest price he has been in 6 months! This means he may soon become a good short term investment, as if he achieves a shock performance dividend, there will be added interest in him.
Crystal Palace are also playing very poorly at present, if they get relegated, we may find that he gets a transfer, if he moves to the right club, he could reignite his career.
Potential Reasons to Avoid
There's definitely more against than for! I feel a bit bad writing this, as it's not all Benteke's fault. I watched a few clips from his previous seasons and it's clear for Villa and Liverpool that when he is given the correct service, he can finish & he finishes really well!
- The play style of Crystal Palace does not suit Benteke for Performance Buzz at all. Palace rarely keep the ball, they play counter attacking football at home, meaning those valuable performance buzz points are being lost.
- Benteke is a lone striker, so he has to do all of the work himself. This leads to him being dispossessed on multiple occasions, which doesn't help his statistics.
- Palace won't win many games, this means that Benteke will rarely achieve the much coveted Game Winning Goal bonuses.
- His price isn't far from the relegation contenders, it's been dropping ever since performance buzz was introduced and traders need to be cautious of it falling into the danger zone.
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Benteke is not a bad finisher of the ball, he has a similar playstyle to Diego Costa, just not as dirty!
He's great in the air, but he's also a physical specimen!
However, playing for Crystal Palace means he stands minimal chance for any dividend payouts.
He's one to watch at 69p, but I couldn't call which way this ones going to go! If he manages to get Palace out of trouble and scores in a few games, his price could rise, but if Palace continue to play the same way they have done in the opening of the season, he will drop in price.
I am personally steering clear, but it may suit a trader who would like to add him as a potential flip trade.


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Old Seattle — Historic Saloons in Historic Buildings
Part Two of a Two Part Series. See Part One.
Continuing our weekend of day drinking through Seattle, today we'll wander through some of old Seattle's historic saloons.
Be sure to scroll all the way down for a bonus — suggestions for a Day Three quickie into Capitol Hill.
Day Two: Old Seattle — Historic Saloons in Historic Buildings
The walk from Pike Place to the stadium area is a good way to kill time before seeing the Seahawks, Sounders, or Mariners. (And unlike with stadium prices, you won't need a second mortgage to buy a few drinks along the way.)
But even if you're not going to a game, this route will take you through some of the oldest parts of Seattle, with some of the oldest buildings, housing some of the oldest bars.
Pike Place Market
1st Ave at Pike St
If you've never been to Pike Place Market, start out there today. Wander around for an hour or two, find some food and maybe a Bloody Mary. (Me? Been there, done it, don't need to do it again. Throngs of tourists and their screaming offspring are things I can live without and there are better drinking options further along on 1st.)
Bonus Tip: The best place to find food and drink in Pike Place is along Post Alley, at the north end of the market. Two good choices are Kells Irish Pub and it's Mexican cousin, Cantina de San Patricio, right next door.
The Diller Room
1224 1st Ave
When you've had your fill of the market, find your way to 1st Avenue The market is huge so check the nearest cross street — if it's Virginia, Stewart, Pine, Pike, or Union, turn right. If it's University, you've arrived. If it's Seneca, you've overshot and need to turn left to get back to University.
Cross the street to The Diller Room, on the corner of 1st and University. (If it's before 2:00 pm, you're too early — keep walking south on 1st or kill some time in the Seattle Art Museum.) It might not look like much from the outside but trust me, this happy hybrid of dive bar and speakeasy is our kind of place.
Housed in the former lobby of an 1890s hotel, exposed brick and penny tile floors (the original kind, from before people started to tile their floors with actual pennies) give The Diller Room a vintage vibe that makes it a great place to while away an afternoon. Cocktails can be expensive, though, so I usually stick to a Tall Boy of something local. Like Rainier.
Seattle Art Museum
1300 1st Ave
Back outside, if you must do more tourist-y stuff, cross University St. to visit the Seattle Art Museum. Home to permanent collections and temporary exhibitions that are constantly changing, SAM is a must-see for art lovers. You'll need time, though, so gauge your thirst level and decide accordingly.
Von's 1000Spirits
1225 1st Ave
Moving on, cross 1st Avenue at University and directly across the street from The Diller Room you'll find Von's 1000Spirits . If you didn't take my advice and eat earlier, Von's is an awesome option, but if you're just looking for your next drink, give it a pass — for now. But remember this place — come back to it later for great from-scratch pizza, pasta, burgers, and more. And it can be a lot of fun when it's busy — they have a 'Wheel of Fortune' they spin to choose hourly drink specials.
Fadó Irish Pub
801 1st Ave
Next, continue south down 1st Avenue for five blocks, until you reach Fadó Irish Pub. Yes, okay, it's a cookie-cutter, chain pub but it's located in a heritage building, with original architectural detail still visible. And I'm thirsty after walking five blocks, not to mention they have a decent beer list and they show English Premier League soccer. Stopping for one isn't going to kill anybody.
Pioneer Square Saloon
73 Yesler Way
Back on 1st, continue south past Pioneer Square — you'll see the famous iron pergola — and turn right on Yesler Way. A little way down, just past Post Avenue, you'll come to the Pioneer Square Saloon on your left.
This quirky old bar is as bare bones as they come but I love it. They only serve beer (a good craft selection) and wine — no hard liquor. The place oozes history — you get a real sense of what the area must have been like when Yesler Way was known as Seattle's 'Skid Road'. A table by the window affords great people watching but you'll find better company on a stool at the bar.
Pioneer Square
Back outside, head back up Yesler Way to 1st Avenue. If you're still in a touristic mood, take a walk around the neighbourhood. Pioneer Square is full of eclectic shops and interesting architecture, much of it dating from the late 19th and early 20th centuries — like the building housing our next stop.
The Central Saloon
207 1st Ave S
When you get thirsty again, you'll find The Central Saloon on 1st Avenue, about a block and a half south of Yesler Way. The oldest saloon in Seattle opened in 1892 as Watson Bros. Famous Restaurant and, with the exception of that dark time known as Prohibition, The Central has been satisfying thirsty patrons ever since. Come back in the evening for live music — you might just catch the next Jimi Hendrix or Nirvana (both of whom played here back in the day).
The Triangle Pub
553 1st Ave S
A five-minute walk from the Central, south on 1st, will bring you to the final stop of the day — The Triangle Pub. This is the place to be on game day — any game day, any sport, home or away — but it's always worth a visit.
Housed in a building that is literally triangle-shaped, like the Flat Iron in NYC, the teeny-tiny space (maybe 10, 12 seats, tops?) has operated as a bar since 1910 (minus that dark time I mentioned earlier). The upper floors are reputed to have housed a brothel in the first half of the 20th century but today you'll mostly find sports fans and aficionados of penny tile, cheap booze, and that vintage, dive-bar vibe.
If you're going to a game, you can practically spit on both stadiums from the Triangle.
If not, and if you're hungry, now would be a good time to head back up to Von's. Even if you're not hungry, it's always a good time for Von's.
Bonus! Day Three:
Capitol Hill — A Beer Hall and a Happy Hour
If you're lucky enough to have a third day in Seattle, set aside some time for a little excursion into Capitol Hill. There are only two bars on today's list, so if you're a shopper, get that out of the way before heading to the first one for a late lunch/early dinner.
Personally, I hate shopping but if there's something specific I need, I can usually find what I'm looking for in the Pine & 6th area downtown. Here you'll find all the usual, big-name chains, plus local boutiques.
The Pine Box
1600 Melrose Ave
When you've shopped yourself into a thirst, head east on Pine St., across the overpass above the I-5, and keep going until you hit Melrose Avenue— it's about a 15-minute walk from 6th. The Pine Box is right on the corner — the entrance is to the left, off Melrose.
Housed in the former chapel of an Art Deco, 1930s style funeral home, The Pine Box has atmosphere up the wazoo — high ceilings, stained glass, dark woodwork, and even an old choir loft. (I've heard rumors that you can sit up in the loft but I've never actually seen it open.)
With over 30 taps of lovingly selected craft beer to choose from, plus mouth-watering food options, this place deserves some time. Sample a few beers, fuel up on a Brat and a pretzel or mac & cheese with bacon, and just soak up the ambiance. If you're not sure about which beers to try, the bartenders are friendly and knowledgeable and there are always at least a few regulars sitting at the bar who will offer helpful advice.
Speckled & Drake
1355 E Olive Way
When you've had enough of The Pine Box — (which, granted, may take hours, which is a good thing if you started early, since the next place doesn't open until 5:00) — head outside and turn right on Melrose. At the end of the block, turn right on E. Olive Way. Just around the corner, you'll find Speckled & Drake, a duck-themed dive bar.
Yes, you heard me right — I said 'duck-themed'. But don't let that throw you. The place has a funky, nostalgic ambiance and one of the best Happy Hours in the city, both for the cheapness of the drinks and the quality of the crowd. Stay for a couple or for the evening — trivia nights most Mondays and DJs after 9:00. You won't regret it.
That's it. I got nothing else. At least not until after my next trip to the Emerald City.
Enjoy! And remember — always drink responsibly. (Well, okay… if not always, then at least try for most of the time.)


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Dremio is open source, and free to use.


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AIR Artist Talk: Things On Shelves
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER, 29th, 6-8pm | RSVP
Join us on September 29th to give a warm Chicago welcome to our international Artist in Residence for a talk about her current series, Perpetual Inventory of the Self.
This project focuses on three historic doll houses that Lein is employing to address personal, private and exhibition spaces. During her residency, she has been focusing on the Colleen Moore Dollhouse (in the collection of the Museum of Science and Industry) and collecting early warehouse catalogues from the same time period. During this talk, Lein will be going through her research process, showing what objects she has collected, and sharing a pop-up exhibition of works in progress!
Cornelia Lein is a visual artist based in Vienna, Austria. Her works are based on found objects and include digital collage, photography, installation and writing. She studied fine arts at the University of Applied Arts Vienna and at University of Fine Arts in Brunswick (GER). In 2015 she founded the curatorial project ___TIM NOLAS. Her work has been exhibited within Europe at institutions and museums such as Villa Stuck in Munich, FAIT Galery in Brno, 21er Haus - Museum of Contemporary Art Vienna, MAK, Künstlerhaus and Kunsthalle Vienna and at the University of Fine Arts of Hamburg and Brunswick.
Learn more about Cornelia in our Q & A!


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By Emily Fritz, Marketing Manager, do it outdoors media
Fashion brand Celine, which recently underwent a brand refresh under new creative director Hedi Slimane, wanted to dominate New York Fashion Week. Ahead of the new line's debut, the brand looked to raise anticipation – and get fashionistas talking!
In partnership with Project X Media, Celine's out-of-home agency, do it outdoors media put six (6) mobile billboards into action. Running in tandem most days, these mobile billboards circled fashion districts, New York Fashion week venues and other high-traffic, luxury areas of Manhattan and Brooklyn.
By running together and aiming Celine's message at a specific Fashion Week audience, these mobile billboards turned heads. The domination effect created a physical emotional reaction among viewers.
The mobile billboards featured wrapped cabs to match the white ad creative precisely, beautiful artwork installed with the units' best-in-class framing systems and well-maintained vehicles to drive the message perfectly.
But what's more, the out-of-home campaign became social media content.
Celine posted a quick video of the mobile billboards to Instagram, which received 133K+ views. Other accounts, such as @ewport and @newyorkitgirls, also posted images and videos of the mobile billboards. Collectively, this out-of-home campaign generated social media buzz.
The Celine campaign demonstrates in real life previous research by Nielsen. The Out-of-Home Online Activation Study from March 2017 showed that outdoor advertising is the best driver of online engagements per dollar spent.
The study showed that of U.S. adults who have seen an outdoor ad:
- 46% performed an online search
- 38% took an action on Facebook
- 23% took an action on Twitter
- 25% took an action on Instagram
As six mobile billboards rolled past Fashion Week attendees in New York, it sparked them to engage in an online conversation about the brand.
It's campaigns, like Celine's, that remind us how powerful out-of-home media is at connecting and engaging with a brand's audience.
Paid Advertisement
Hits: 13


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AF Students live on Whoa FM
On Friday 31st October, 3 of our students and the school Agent & Company Manager, Rhiannon Mosson visited the Whoa FM studios in South East London. They joined motivational speaker & broadcast journalist, Jenni Steele on her Keeping it Real Lifestyle show as part of a teenage take over. The students spoke about their experiences as child performers, the pressures of balancing school and work life and what they hope to do in the future. If you missed this inspirational interview with the next generation of leaders/ actors/ authors it will soon be listed on Jenni's Soundcloud so keep an eye on the site.


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KY-5: Somerset
August 23, 2018
Congressional District Office:
551 Clifty St.
Somerset, KY
* Due to volatility of Congressional schedules, dates/times are subject to change. To the pastors-and-leaders welcoming us as prayer partners, thank you for your understanding and cooperation. Please check alerts for last-minute changes.
The Honorable Hal Rogers, Representative of Kentucky
Red + Blue = Purple
Not a politically correct convergence of feel-good platitudes, but a common trajectory, from varying Christian faith-traditions, toward one transcendent and Biblical goal: True oneness in Christ.
We'll be posting photos and video from the prayerwalk, so be sure to come back to this page after the event!


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poetry Undocumented
By Esther Kamkar
Come over here,
I have something to show you.
The indigenous border-crossers
oblivious to guards and checkpoints
blanket the fields.
Heliotropo smells like vanilla.
Sagebrush, is silvery-green artemisa.
The red of ocotillos, not the same
as the red of fairy dusters, zapotillos,
in harmony with yellow creosote flowers
and orange desert mallow.
What difference does a wall make?
Sun cup's only story is the story of yellow.
A former "illegal alien," Esther Kamkar is currently living & writing in California. Her new book titled of such things (2018) is available on Barnes and Noble & Amazon.


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Footage allegedly filmed on march 26 and uploaded the day after shows a mysterious object passing the O2 Arena on the surface of the River Thames in London before disappearing underwater, leading some to speculate that the elusive Loch Ness Monster has upped sticks and swum south.
Penn Plate who uploaded the video says on the film description: "This was on the cable car in Greenwich yesterday. something huge was moving under the water and then briefly surfaced. Are there whales in the Thames?? Or is it some weird submarine."
Many YouTube users have speculated about what the object could be including FINN, who said:
"If you slow it down enough and pause it, kind of looks like a pod of dolphins or porpoises. But there's still a huge shadow under the water that just looks like one giant sea creature, and it's way more exciting to think that it's some crazy undiscovered ancient beast that's probably going to crawl out of the river and start eating people and toppling buildings, so I'm gonna go with that."
The last time the Loch Ness Monster appeared on film in the River Thames was during the 1975 episode of Doctor Who, The Terror of the Zygons, but with special effects being what they were back then, there was no chance this encounter would ever have been considered real.
What do you think the object is? Let us know in the comments below or via Facebook or Twitter.


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What kind of church is this?
Pillar #1 Proclaiming the authority of God's Word without apology
- The Church has been entrusted by God with the job of UPHOLDING His truth.
- The Church has been entrusted by God with the job of PROCLAIMING His truth.
Titus 2:15 - Declare these things; exhort and rebuke with all authority. Let no one disregard you.
Preaching with AUTHORITY demands...
- ... the CONTENT is from the BIBLE.
What does the Bible say?
- ... the APPLICATION is APPARENT.
What does the Bible say to do?
- ... NO ONE is EXEMPT.
What does the Bible say that I need to do?
Sermon Notes (PDF): BLANK
Hint: Highlight blanks above for answers!
Sermon Audio: (no recording)
Small Group Questions (Whole Group):
Read Titus 2:15
- How do you know if a sermon is "good"? What makes a sermon "bad"? What criteria do you use? What criteria would the Bible give us to discern whether the preacher "proclaimed the Word of the Lord"?
- Why do some churches/preachers get away from clear preaching of God's Word?
Breakout Questions:
- How much actual authority do you allow the Bible to have in your life? Is there any area in your life in which you are rejecting a clear command from God?
- Pray for one another.


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Retreat, run away; that's always been my modus operandi! It seems to work for me, until it doesn't.
Running away from problems seems to be what I do best. It usually works for a while. Sometimes the problems catch up with me and other times, they just disappear. I definitely like when the latter happens.
Everyone knows, by now, that I didn't have the best childhood. I once told my father that I didn't like the fact that he drank all the time. He walked to the refrigerator, took out a beer, popped the top, took a long swig, looked at me and said, "It helps me relax." I honestly believe that is when I realized that sharing my opinions was useless. Due to the things going on at my house, I moved out and got my own apartment two months after my eighteenth birthday. I didn't eliminate the problems at home, I just left them there and retreated to a place where I didn't have to deal with them.
A few years later, I learned some personal information (maybe one day I'll share) regarding my family. I brought it up to my mother one day when we were on the phone. She refused to acknowledge the issue and hung up on me. Because this information also involved her siblings, she confronted them and everything got blown up. For a couple of weeks, my phone rang non stop, people yelling and accusing others of things. This is the second event that made me realized that facing the problem and trying to solve it was pointless. About a month later, I moved to a new city. Yes, I left my hometown and moved away because I couldn't handle all of the drama. I didn't speak to my mother's side of the family for about fifteen years. We have since reconciled, thanks to Facebook and unfortunately, my grandmother's death. But the issues between myself and my immediate family are still not solved. Without involving my mother's family this time, I once again brought up the problems from my childhood to my parents. And, once again, things did not go well. They do not want to face the issues or try to resolve them and I'm not sure that we could at this point. I have not spoken to them since.
My first marriage, that was something. My husband wanted to be married, but live like he was single. Separate bank accounts; his stuff, my stuff, etc. When I tried to explain how that made me feel, he didn't care. Needless to say, I did finally run away from that situation too; I got divorced.
Looking back, I guess my M.O. wasn't always to run. I did speak my mind and share my opinions. I guess I only ran when that didn't work.
With a more recent situation, however, I did just cut ties and run. Maybe it's because the relationship I had with this person was never a close one. I'd say we were more acquaintances that have mutual friends. But, when things got tough there too, I just removed myself from the situation without saying anything to the person. Maybe, I learned that confronting someone doesn't always go my way. Maybe, it was because I didn't want to create more conflict. I really don't know why I didn't say something. After all, the Bible says that if a brother sins against you, go and tell him. I guess that would have been the Christian way to handle it. Perhaps, I just thought it was beyond help by the time it had gotten to a certain point. Since this person is still in my life due to the mutual friends we share, I am sure we will eventually have to work it out. I believe it would be easier if I knew why this person did what they did. Aha! How am I supposed to know if I don't go to them and ask? And if I explain to them that I feel what they did was wrong? What is the worse thing that could happen? Definitely something to think and pray about.
I guess maybe it's time to stop running or ignoring the problems and start facing them.
#theChristianlifeisnteasy #prayforme #heregoesnothin


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[Previous entry: "Friday Fill-In #81"] [Main Index] [Next entry: "Friday Fill-Ins #82"]
07/23/2008 Entry: "I'm Finally Doing My Own MI-5!"
Use this word equation, fill in the variable with each of the five words, and answer on your blog.
"If I were an "X," I'd be a (blank), and here's why..." For the variable X, insert each of these:
1) If I were a "snack cake," I'd be a Hostess lemon fruit pie, and here's why: I'm a little flaky, sweet on the outside, but in me lurks some bitterness. As a whole though, I'm quite like-able.
2) If I were a "car," I'd be a Honda Element, and here's why: I'm practical and frugal; homely, with an air of nostalgia. And, I'm good at lugging drums!
3) If I were a "kitchen utensil," I'd be a 10" chefs knife, and here's why: I'm handy in a kitchen, and I would prefer not to be dull. I'm also bigger than average, and that can make me a little unwieldy.
4) If I were a "famous rich person," I'd be Will Smith, and here's why: I'd be funny, yet talented. I'd be the kind of guy that, though famous, would still be down to earth. (A real low maintenance star, if you will.) All the girls would swoon over my good looks, yet I'd remain firmly loyal to my family.
5) If I were and "over the counter medicine," I'd be Alka Seltzer, and here's why: I'd tickle your nose, and make you want to burp! :-)
Replies: 1 person has rocked the mic!
I have been waiting patiently for you to do this MI5! I think these were very interesting and not as easy as one would think to answer . I like your answers...and I don't think the element is Homely...I think they are kicky and cute.
Posted by Amy @ 07/24/2008 12:04 AM EST


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Deadstock Supreme Supreme Jet Sleeve Zip Up Hoodie from SS18 10/05/2018. Sold out instantly in this colourway. Perfect for the upcoming colder winter. Available now shipping from the UK.
We can ship world wide via UPS. Full tracking information and receipts on purchase. Alternately we may use Royal Mail, Hermes or DPD. Please read our Terms & Conditions.


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Latest News
After hosting their Sex In Di City boat ride in Kingston recently, UK-based couple Cawka Lee and Camille Lee hope to reclaim a spot in the local dancehall circles.
The two held the event on the dock of the Caribbean Queen in downtown Kingston recently, and they are already thinking about hosting more events.
"It's our first boat ride, and we hope to build this event. It was a good look, and we want sponsors to come on board for the next staging," a confident Camille Lee told THE WEEKEND STAR.
In a flashy affair, the women represented in hot outfits and their male counterparts 'flossed' all night.
The event also saw Cawka Lee's friends drenching him with bottles of champagne. Camille Lee said that this custom is a regular occurrence in England's dancehall scene. She said that it's not about the hype, but a celebration.
Music was provided by a number of ace DJs, including Boom Boom, who acknowledged patrons from the diaspora who took the trip to Jamaica to be part of the event.
Here are highlights from the event.


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To use, remove the battery cover and insert one AA battery. Apply the recommended amount of your desired OROGOLD serum or cream to your skin. Twist the bottom of the HD Touch to activate then begin massaging the product onto your skin, holding the middle plate for best control. After product has absorbed, wipe away any remaining product residue from the HD Touch with a clean cloth. Remove the battery during prolonged storage and travel. BATTERY NOT INCLUDED WARNING: If you have any existing medical condition consult with your physician prior to use.
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There are no reviews yet.


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It will be mere waste of time if we try to categorize slot machines. Since each casino tries to attract players by the wide selection of one arm bandits, there are hundreds of different types and variations – single line, three line, 3 or 5 reel, progressives, bonus games and many others.
All we can do is to list some parameters that can be used while describing a slot machine.
Number of Reels
Generally, slot machines have either 3 or 5 reels. The first machines had only three reels and we know them as "regular" or "classic" slot machines.
Nowadays you can easily find slots with five reels. These modern machines usually have more than one payline (see below).
Number of Rows
There are one, two or more horizontal rows across vertical reels displayed by the slot machine.
The additional rows, one each above and below the payout window allow players to "see" how close they had come to winning.
Number of Pay Lines
A slot machine can have one or more (3, 5, 9 or even 15) pay lines on its reels where symbols must line up on to be a winning combination. Usually it's the center row of symbols across vertical reels.
Classic slot machines have only 1 payline that goes through the middle of each 3 reels. You can wager more than one coin per spin – but the amount will apply to wins on the same payline and your chances of winning will be the same.
If a machine has more than one payline, a player can activate additional ones by increasing his/her bet, but have the option of not playing all available lines.
For example, if you play on a 3 line machine, you should insert one coin to play on the center line, two coins for the center line and the line above it or 3 coins for all 3 lines . So, if you play on the center line with one coin and the winning combination comes up on the bottom line you will not win.
Slot machines with 5 reels can have from 5 to 15 paylines with the diagonal matches.
Denomination of one coin
Slot machines can be found in many denominations from 5 cents to $5. High roller machines can take denominations as high as $500.
Number of coins that can be played
Usually it's a three coins machine, but machines with a two coin maximum bet are also available.


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That is the most important financial savings for simultaneous reserving of flight and hotel from July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016, and never the discount price or quantity in your booking. Slip south to hotels in St. Louis to dine on town's famend smoky barbecue and soften-in-your-mouth gooey butter cake.
Over 400 million travellers trusted us to find one of the best deal on their hotels last year. Some of the rooms at Hotel Golf are the so-called Rikli rooms. You're on trip – hit the snooze button one more time whereas we make breakfast.
Hotel Arthur has 194 rooms that are divided to 14 room categories, 12 convention rooms for 6-250 people and Restaurant Arthur to serve lunch and dinner for company. Trivago makes it simple so that you can find information about your weekend journey to Perth , including the best hotel for you.
These special Expedia offers offer the cheapest hotel rooms out there wherever and so they sell out quick, so examine the website repeatedly; you do not need to miss out on our nice gives. Prolonged keep hotels are small to medium-sized hotels that offer longer-term full service lodging in comparison with a conventional hotel.


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Deputy Director Sam Bowman discusses new ASI report "Time for Time Limits: Why we should end permanent welfare" in a comment piece for City AM:
Most talk of welfare is about how much we spend. Far too little is about how we actually spend it, but this is what really determines whether it does what we want or not.
Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) is a very small part of the £217bn per year we spend on welfare, costing around £5bn annually. But in interaction with in-work benefits like Working Tax Credits, it can be one of the crucial factors in a person's decision whether to take a job or keep looking for something better.
The difficulty is that we can only cut JSA so far before it stops being capable of giving people a short-term safety net in between unexpected periods of unemployment. And as a new paper from the Adam Smith Institute ("Time for Time Limits") argues today, this is where we can learn quite a lot from reforms abroad.


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El Día de Independencia! Papi *estrenó a new parrilla for El 4 de Julio. He got fancy with the hamburguesas too. He made varios kinds (note the cutsie signs I made for the hamburguesas below) and everyone brought a plato to share. It was hot, we were outside and I forgot to take fotos. Sorry Sofía….maybe I'll remember next year!
*Estreno- this is a cool verb en Español. You use extreno o estrenar (technically) when you are using something new-shoes, an outfit, a chair, a new recipe, a new hairdo, anything new- for the first time.


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