text:
McELROY ET AL.
No. 97.
Supreme Court of United States.
Argued January 12, 1961.
Decided June 19, 1961.
Bernard Dunau argued the cause and filed a brief for petitioners.
John F. Davis argued the cause for respondents. With him on the brief were Solicitor General Rankin, Assistant Attorney General Yeagley, Bruce J. Terris, Kevin T. Maroney and Lee B. Anderson.
J. Albert Woll, Theodore J. St. Antoine and Thomas E. Harris filed a brief for the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, as amicus curiae, urging reversal.
MR. JUSTICE STEWART delivered the opinion of the Court.
In 1956 the petitioner Rachel Brawner was a short-order cook at a cafeteria operated by her employer, M & M Restaurants, Inc., on the premises of the Naval Gun Factory[1] in the city of Washington. She had worked there for more than six years, and from her employer's point of view her record was entirely satisfactory.
The Gun Factory was engaged in designing, producing, and inspecting naval ordnance, including the development of weapons systems of a highly classified nature. Located on property owned by the United States, the installation was under the command of Rear Admiral D. M. Tyree, Superintendent. Access to it was restricted, and guards were posted at all points of entry. Identification badges were issued to persons authorized to enter the premises by the Security Officer, a naval officer subordinate to the Superintendent. In 1956 the Security Officer was Lieutenant Commander H. C. Williams. Rachel Brawner had been issued such a badge.
The cafeteria where she worked was operated by M & M under a contract with the Board of Governors of the Gun Factory. Section 5 (b) of the contract provided:
". . . In no event shall the Concessionaire engage, or continue to engage, for operations under this Agreement, personnel who
"(iii) fail to meet the security requirements or other requirements under applicable regulations of the Activity, as determined by the Security Officer of the Activity."
On November 15, 1956, Mrs. Brawner was required to turn in her identification badge because of Lieutenant Commander Williams' determination that she had failed to meet the security requirements of the installation. The Security Officer's determination was subsequently approved by Admiral Tyree, who cited § 5 (b) (iii) of the contract as the basis for his action. At the request of the petitioner Union, which represented the employees at the cafeteria, M & M sought to arrange a meeting with officials of the Gun Factory "for the purpose of a hearing regarding the denial of admittance to the Naval Gun Factory of Rachel Brawner." This request was denied by Admiral Tyree on the ground that such a meeting would "serve no useful purpose."
Since the day her identification badge was withdrawn Mrs. Brawner has not been permitted to enter the Gun Factory. M & M offered to employ her in another restaurant which the company operated in the suburban Washington area, but she refused on the ground that the location was inconvenient.
The petitioners brought this action in the District Court against the Secretary of Defense, Admiral Tyree, and Lieutenant Commander Williams, in their individual and official capacities, seeking, among other things, to compel the return to Mrs. Brawner of her identification badge, so that she might be permitted to enter the Gun Factory and resume her former employment. The defendants filed a motion for summary judgment, supported by various affidavits and exhibits. The motion was granted and the complaint dismissed by the District Court. This judgment was affirmed by the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, sitting en banc. Four judges dissented.[2] We granted certiorari because of an alleged conflict between the Court of Appeals' decision and Greene v. McElroy, 360 U. S. 474. 364 U. S. 813.
As the case comes here, two basic questions are presented. Was the commanding officer of the Gun Factory authorized to deny Rachel Brawner access to the installation in the way he did? If he was so authorized, did his action in excluding her operate to deprive her of any right secured to her by the Constitution?
In Greene v. McElroy, supra, the Court was unwilling to find, in the absence of explicit authorization, that an aeronautical engineer, employed by a private contractor on private property, could be barred from following his profession by governmental revocation of his security clearance without according him the right to confront and cross-examine hostile witnesses. The Court in that case found that neither the Congress nor the President had explicitly authorized the procedure which had been followed in denying Greene access to classified information. Accordingly we did not reach the constitutional issues which that case otherwise would have presented. We proceed on the premise that the explicit authorization found wanting in Greene must be shown in the present case, putting to one side the Government's argument that the differing circumstances here justify less rigorous standards for measuring delegation of authority.
It cannot be doubted that both the legislative and executive branches are wholly legitimate potential sources of such explicit authority. The control of access to a military base is clearly within the constitutional powers granted to both Congress and the President. Article I, § 8, of the Constitution gives Congress the power to "provide and maintain a navy;" to "make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;" to "exercise exclusive legislation . . . over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings;" and to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers . . . ." Broad power in this same area is also vested in the President by Article II, § 2, which makes him the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces.
Congress has provided that the Secretary of the Navy "shall administer the Department of the Navy" and shall have "custody and charge of all . . . property of the Department." 10 U. S. C. § 5031 (a) and (c). In administering his Department, the Secretary has been given statutory power to "prescribe regulations, not inconsistent with law, for the government of his department, . . . and the custody, use, and preservation of the . . . property appertaining to it." 5 U. S. C. § 22. The law explicitly requires that United States Navy Regulations shall be approved by the President, 10 U. S. C. § 6011, and the pertinent regulations in effect when Rachel Brawner's identification badge was revoked had, in fact, been expressly approved by President Truman on August 9, 1948.
The requirement of presidential approval of Navy regulations is of ancient vintage.[3] The significance of such presidential approval has often been recognized by this Court. Smith v. Whitney, 116 U. S. 167, 181; Johnson v. Sayre, 158 U. S. 109, 117; United States Grain Corp. v. Phillips, 261 U. S. 106, 109; Denby v. Berry, 263 U. S. 29, 37.[4] We may take it as settled that Navy Regulations approved by the President are, in the words of Chief Justice Marshall, endowed with "the sanction of the law." United States v. Maurice, 2 Brock. 96, 105.[5] And we find no room for substantial doubt that the Navy Regulations in effect on November 15, 1956, explicitly conferred upon Admiral Tyree the power summarily to deny Rachel Brawner access to the Gun Factory.
Article 0701 of the Regulations delineates the traditional responsibilities and duties of a commanding officer. It provides in part as follows:
"The responsibility of the commanding officer for his command is absolute, except when, and to the extent, relieved therefrom by competent authority, or as provided otherwise in these regulations. The authority of the commanding officer is commensurate with his responsibility, subject to the limitations prescribed by law and these regulations. . . ."
Article 0734 of the Regulations provides:
"In general, dealers or tradesmen or their agents shall not be admitted within a command, except as authorized by the commanding officer:
"1. To conduct public business.
"2. To transact specific private business with individuals at the request of the latter.
"3. To furnish services and supplies which are necessary and are not otherwise, or are insufficiently, available to the personnel of the command."
It would be difficult to conceive of a more specific conferral of power upon a commanding officer, in the exercise of his traditional command responsibility, to exclude from the area of his command a person in Rachel Brawner's status. Even without the benefit of the illuminating gloss of history, it could hardly be doubted that the phrase "tradesmen or their agents" covered her status as an employee of M & M with explicit precision.[6] But the meaning of the regulation need not be determined in vacuo. It is the verbalization of the unquestioned authority which commanding officers of military installations have exercised throughout our history.[7]
An opinion by Attorney General Butler in 1837 discloses that the power of a military commanding officer to exclude at will persons who earned their living by working on military bases was even then of long standing. Speaking of the Superintendent of the Military Academy, the Attorney General's opinion stated:
"[H]e has always regarded the citizens resident within the public limits—such as the sutler, keeper of the commons, tailor, shoemaker, artificers, etc., even though they own houses on the public grounds, or occupy buildings belonging to the United States . . . —as tenants at will, and liable to be removed whenever, in the opinion of the superintendent, the interests of the academy require it. `This,' he observes, `has been the practice since I have been in command; and such, I am told, was the usage under the administration of my predecessors.' " 3 Op. Atty. Gen. 268, 269.
This power has been expressly recognized many times. "The power of a military commandant over a reservation is necessarily extensive and practically exclusive, forbidding entrance and controlling residence as the public interest may demand." 26 Op. Atty. Gen. 91, 92. "[I]t is well settled that a post commander can, in his discretion, exclude all persons other than those belonging to his post from post and reservation grounds." JAGA 1904/ 16272, 6 May 1904. "It is well settled that a Post Commander can, under the authority conferred on him by statutes and regulations, in his discretion, exclude private persons and property therefrom, or admit them under such restrictions as he may prescribe in the interest of good order and military discipline (1918 Dig. Op. J. A. G. 267 and cases cited)." JAGA 1925/680.44, 6 October 1925.
Under the explicit authority of Article 0734 of the Navy Regulations, and in the light of the historically unquestioned power of a commanding officer summarily to exclude civilians from the area of his command, there can remain no serious doubt of Admiral Tyree's authority to exclude Rachel Brawner from the Gun Factory upon the Security Officer's determination that she failed to meet the "security requirements . . . of the Activity." Her admittance to the installation in the first place was permissible, in the commanding officer's discretion, only because she came within the exception to the general rule of exclusion contained in the third paragraph of Article 0734 of the Regulations. And the plain words of Article 0734 made absolute the commanding officer's power to withdraw her permission to enter the Gun Factory at any time.
The question remains whether Admiral Tyree's action in summarily denying Rachel Brawner access to the site of her former employment violated the requirements of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. This question cannot be answered by easy assertion that, because she had no constitutional right to be there in the first place, she was not deprived of liberty or property by the Superintendent's action. "One may not have a constitutional right to go to Baghdad, but the Government may not prohibit one from going there unless by means consonant with due process of law." Homer v. Richmond, 110 U. S. App. D. C. 226, 229, 292 F. 2d 719, 722. It is the petitioners' claim that due process in this case required that Rachel Brawner be advised of the specific grounds for her exclusion and be accorded a hearing at which she might refute them. We are satisfied, however, that under the circumstances of this case such a procedure was not constitutionally required.
The Fifth Amendment does not require a trial-type hearing in every conceivable case of government impairment of private interest. "For, though `due process of law' generally implies and includes actor, reus, judex, regular allegations, opportunity to answer, and a trial according to some settled course of judicial proceedings,. . . yet, this is not universally true." Murray's Lessee v. Hoboken Land and Improvement Co., 18 How. 272, 280. The very nature of due process negates any concept of inflexible procedures universally applicable to every imaginable situation. Communications Comm'n v. WJR, 337 U. S. 265, 275-276; Hannah v. Larche, 363 U. S. 420, 440, 442; Hagar v. Reclamation District No. 108, 111 U. S. 701, 708-709. " `[D]ue process,' unlike some legal rules, is not a technical conception with a fixed content unrelated to time, place and circumstances." It is "compounded of history, reason, the past course of decisions . . . ." Joint Anti-Fascist Comm. v. McGrath, 341 U. S. 123, 162-163 (concurring opinion).
As these and other cases make clear, consideration of what procedures due process may require under any given set of circumstances must begin with a determination of the precise nature of the government function involved as well as of the private interest that has been affected by governmental action. Where it has been possible to characterize that private interest (perhaps in oversimplification)[8] as a mere privilege subject to the Executive's plenary power, it has traditionally been held that notice and hearing are not constitutionally required. Oceanic Navigation Co. v. Stranahan, 214 U. S. 320, 340-343; Knauff v. Shaughnessy, 338 U. S. 537; Jay v. Boyd, 351 U. S. 345, 354-358; cf. Buttfield v. Stranahan, 192 U. S. 470, 497.
What, then, was the private interest affected by Admiral Tyree's action in the present case? It most assuredly was not the right to follow a chosen trade or profession. Cf. Dent v. West Virginia, 129 U. S. 114; Schware v. Board of Bar Examiners, 353 U. S. 232; Truax v. Raich, 239 U. S. 33. Rachel Brawner remained entirely free to obtain employment as a short-order cook or to get any other job, either with M & M or with any other employer. All that was denied her was the opportunity to work at one isolated and specific military installation.
Moreover, the governmental function operating here was not the power to regulate or license, as lawmaker, an entire trade or profession, or to control an entire branch of private business, but, rather, as proprietor, to manage the internal operation of an important federal military establishment. See People v. Crane, 214 N. Y. 154, 167-169, 108 N. E. 427, 431-432 (per Cardozo, J.); cf. Perkins v. Lukens Steel Co., 310 U. S. 113, 129. In that proprietary military capacity, the Federal Government, as has been pointed out, has traditionally exercised unfettered control.
Thus, the nature both of the private interest which has been impaired and the governmental power which has been exercised makes this case quite different from that of the lawyer in Schware, supra, the physician in Dent, supra, and the cook in Raich, supra. This case, like Perkins v. Lukens Steel Co., 310 U. S. 113, involves the Federal Government's dispatch of its own internal affairs. The Court has consistently recognized that an interest closely analogous to Rachel Brawner's, the interest of a government employee in retaining his job, can be summarily denied. It has become a settled principle that government employment, in the absence of legislation, can be revoked at the will of the appointing officer. In the Matter of Hennen, 13 Pet. 230, 246, 259; Crenshaw v. United States, 134 U. S. 99, 108; Parsons v. United States, 167 U. S. 324, 331-334; Keim v. United States, 177 U. S. 290, 293-294; Taylor and Marshall v. Beckham (No. 1), 178 U. S. 548, 575-578. This principle was reaffirmed quite recently in Vitarelli v. Seaton, 359 U. S. 535. There we pointed out that Vitarelli, an Interior Department employee who had not qualified for statutory protection under the Civil Service Act, "could have been summarily discharged by the Secretary at any time without the giving of a reason . . . ." 359 U. S., at 539.
It is argued that this view of Rachel Brawner's interest is inconsistent with our decisions in United Public Workers v. Mitchell, 330 U. S. 75, and Wieman v. Updegraff, 344 U. S. 183. In those two cases an individual's interest in government employment was recognized as entitled to constitutional protection, and it is contended that what the Court said in deciding them would require us to hold that Rachel Brawner was entitled to notice and hearing in this case. In United Public Workers the Court observed that "[n]one would deny" that "Congress may not `enact a regulation providing that no Republican, Jew or Negro shall be appointed to federal office, or that no federal employee shall attend Mass or take any active part in missionary work.' " 330 U. S., at 100. In Wieman the Court held unconstitutional a statute which excluded persons from state employment solely on the basis of membership in alleged "Communist-front" or "subversive" organizations, regardless of their knowledge concerning the activities and purposes of the organizations to which they had belonged. In the course of its decision the Court said, "We need not pause to consider whether an abstract right to public employment exists. It is sufficient to say that constitutional protection does extend to the public servant whose exclusion pursuant to a statute is patently arbitrary or discriminatory." 344 U. S., at 192.
Nothing that was said or decided in United Public Workers or Wieman would lead to the conclusion that Rachel Brawner could not be denied access to the Gun Factory without notice and an opportunity to be heard. Those cases demonstrate only that the state and federal governments, even in the exercise of their internal operations, do not constitutionally have the complete freedom of action enjoyed by a private employer. But to acknowledge that there exist constitutional restraints upon state and federal governments in dealing with their employees is not to say that all such employees have a constitutional right to notice and a hearing before they can be removed. We may assume that Rachel Brawner could not constitutionally have been excluded from the Gun Factory if the announced grounds for her exclusion had been patently arbitrary or discriminatory—that she could not have been kept out because she was a Democrat or a Methodist. It does not follow, however, that she was entitled to notice and a hearing when the reason advanced for her exclusion was, as here, entirely rational and in accord with the contract with M & M.
Finally, it is to be noted that this is not a case where government action has operated to bestow a badge of disloyalty or infamy, with an attendant foreclosure from other employment opportunity. See Wieman v. Updegraff, 344 U. S. 183, 190-191; Joint Anti-Fascist Comm. v. McGrath, 341 U. S. 123, 140-141; cf. Bailey v. Richardson, 86 U. S. App. D. C. 248, 182 F. 2d 46, aff'd by an equally divided Court, 341 U. S. 918.[9] All this record shows is that, in the opinion of the Security Officer of the Gun Factory, concurred in by the Superintendent, Rachel Brawner failed to meet the particular security requirements of that specific military installation. There is nothing to indicate that this determination would in any way impair Rachel Brawner's employment opportunities anywhere else.[10] As pointed out by Judge Prettyman, speaking for the Court of Appeals, "Nobody has said that Brawner is disloyal or is suspected of the slightest shadow of intentional wrongdoing. `Security requirements' at such an installation, like such requirements under many other circumstances, cover many matters other than loyalty." 109 U. S. App. D. C., at 49, 284 F. 2d, at 183. For all that appears, the Security Officer and the Superintendent may have simply thought that Rachel Brawner was garrulous, or careless with her identification badge.
For these reasons, we conclude that the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment was not violated in this case.
MR. JUSTICE BRENNAN, with whom THE CHIEF JUSTICE, MR. JUSTICE BLACK and MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS join, dissenting.
I have grave doubts whether the removal of petitioner's identification badge for "security reasons" without notice of charges or opportunity to refute them was authorized by statute or executive order. See Greene v. McElroy, 360 U. S. 474 (1959). But under compulsion of the Court's determination that there was authority, I pass to a consideration of the more important constitutional issue, whether petitioner has been deprived of liberty or property without due process of law in violation of the Fifth Amendment.
I read the Court's opinion to acknowledge that petitioner's status as an employee at the Gun Factory was an interest of sufficient definiteness to be protected by the Federal Constitution from some kinds of governmental injury. . Indeed, this acknowledgment seems compelled by our cases. Wieman v. Updegraff, 344 U. S. 183, (1952); United Public Workers v. Mitchell, 330 U. S. 75, 100 (1947) (dictum); Torcaso v. Watkins, ante, p. 488, decided today. In other words, if petitioner Brawner's badge had been lifted avowedly on grounds of her race, religion, or political opinions, the Court would concede that some constitutionally protected interest—whether "liberty" or "property" it is unnecessary to state—had been injured. But, as the Court says, there has been no such open discrimination here. The expressed ground of exclusion was the obscuring formulation that petitioner failed to meet the "security requirements" of the naval installation where she worked. I assume for present purposes that separation as a "security risk," if the charge is properly established, is not unconstitutional. But the Court goes beyond that. It holds that the mere assertion by government that exclusion is for a valid reason forecloses further inquiry. That is, unless the government official is foolish enough to admit what he is doing—and few will be so foolish after today's decision—he may employ "security requirements" as a blind behind which to dismiss at will for the most discriminatory of causes.
Such a result in effect nullifies the substantive right— not to be arbitrarily injured by Government—which the Court purports to recognize. What sort of right is it which enjoys absolutely no procedural protection? I do not mean to imply that petitioner could not have been excluded from the installation without the full procedural panoply of first having been subjected to a trial, with cross-examination and confrontation of accusers, and proof of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. I need not go so far in this case. For under today's holding petitioner is entitled to no process at all. She is not told what she did wrong; she is not given a chance to defend herself. She may be the victim of the basest calumny, perhaps even the caprice of the government officials in whose power her status rested completely. In such a case, I cannot believe that she is not entitled to some procedures. "[T]he right to be heard before being condemned to suffer grievous loss of any kind, even though it may not involve the stigma and hardships of a criminal conviction, is a principle basic to our society." Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Comm. v. McGrath, 341 U. S. 123, 168 (1951) (concurring opinion.) See also Homer v. Richmond, 110 U. S. App. D. C. 226, 292 F. 2d 719 (1961); Parker v. Lester, 227 F. 2d 708 (C. A. 9th Cir. 1955). In sum, the Court holds that petitioner has a right not to have her identification badge taken away for an "arbitrary" reason, but no right to be told in detail what the reason is, or to defend her own innocence, in order to show, perhaps, that the true reason for deprivation was one forbidden by the Constitution. That is an internal contradiction to which I cannot subscribe.
One further circumstance makes this particularly a case where procedural requirements of fairness are essential. Petitioner was not simply excluded from the base summarily, without a notice and chance to defend herself. She was excluded as a "security risk," that designation most odious in our times. The Court consoles itself with the speculation that she may have been merely garrulous, or careless with her identification badge, and indeed she might, although she will never find out. But, in the common understanding of the public with whom petitioner must hereafter live and work, the term "security risk" carries a much more sinister meaning. See Beilan v. Board of Public Education, 357 U. S. 399, 421-423 (1958) (dissenting opinion). It is far more likely to be taken as an accusation of communism or disloyalty than imputation of some small personal fault. Perhaps the Government has reasons for lumping such a multitude of sins under a misleading term. But it ought not to affix a "badge of infamy," Wieman v. Updegraff, supra, at 191, to a person without some statement of charges, and some opportunity to speak in reply.
It may be, of course, that petitioner was justly excluded from the Gun Factory. But, in my view, it is fundamentally unfair, and therefore violative of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment, to deprive her of a valuable relationship so summarily.
[1] The name of the Naval Gun Factory has now been officially changed to Naval Weapons Plant. It will be referred to as the "Gun Factory" in this opinion.
[2] The appeal was originally heard by a panel of three judges, and the District Court's judgment was reversed, one judge dissenting. After rehearing en banc, the original opinion was withdrawn, and the District Court's judgment was affirmed. 109 U. S. App. D. C. 39, 284 F. 2d 173.
[3] See R. S. § 1547 (1875) which was derived from the Act of July 14, 1862, c. 164, § 5, 12 Stat. 565. See also the Act of April 24, 1816, c. 69, § 9, 3 Stat. 298; the Act of March 3, 1813, c. 52, § 5, 2 Stat. 819.
[4] See also 25 Op. Atty. Gen. 270.
[5] The absence of presidential approval was relied upon in one case as a basis for finding certain administrative action unauthorized. See Phillips v. United States Grain Corp., 279 F. 244, 248-249, rev'd on other grounds, 261 U. S. 106. See also 25 Op. Atty. Gen. 270, 275.
[6] A tradesman has been defined by Webster as "a shopkeeper; also, one of his employees." Webster, New International Dictionary (Second Edition, Unabridged, 1958), 2684.
[7] The contrast with the history of the security program involved in Greene v. McElroy is striking. There it was pointed out that "[p]rior to World War II, only sporadic efforts were made to control the clearance of persons who worked in private establishments which manufactured materials for national defense." 360 U. S., at 493.
[8] See Davis, The Requirement of a Trial-Type Hearing, 70 Harv. L. Rev. 193, 222-224.
[9] Compare Davis, The Requirement of a Trial-Type Hearing, 70 Harv. L. Rev. 193, 229-230, and Note, The Supreme Court, 1950 Term, 65 Harv. L. Rev. 107, 156-158, with Richardson, Problems in the Removal of Federal Civil Servants, 54 Mich. L. Rev. 219, 240-241.
[10] In oral argument government counsel emphatically represented that denial of access to the Gun Factory would not "by law or in fact" prevent Rachel Brawner from obtaining employment on any other federal property.
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Fleas, ticks, and heartworms
Fleas, ticks, and heartworms – nobody wants them, but is the product you are using protecting your pet as well as you think? When it comes to preventions, it depends on your region as to what risk factors your pet is exposed to. In Indianapolis, our pets are absolutely exposed to fleas and heartworm disease, as they are both very prevalent in our area. Unfortunately, ticks are now becoming more wide spread and pet owners need to be aware of the new risks they bring including lyme disease, ehrlichia, and anaplasma. Not all prevention products protect against the same things. At Broad Ripple Animal Clinic we carry three types of products that have been carefully selected. Revolution is a topical product that is applied every 30 days and will protect your dog (or cat) against fleas and heartworm disease. This is chosen for patients who do not have risk of tick exposure as it does not have strong protective properties regarding ticks. Revolution is the most common product we will use for our cat patients. The other two products available are Sentinel and Simparica. These are two separate products that are given by mouth every 30 days and when combined have a larger spectrum of protection including fleas, 5 types of ticks, and heartworm disease. Choosing which prevention to use is a risk assessment conversation that you should have with your veterinarian. Environments and climates are ever changing and our preventions will continue to change with them.
- Published in Pet health, Uncategorized

subset: commoncrawl


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XCanada (en)
United States
Wood Chippers
Log Splitters
Firewood Processors
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Skidding Winches
Skidding Plates
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Trailers & Log Loaders
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Thank you for visiting Wallenstein's technical support and product operation FAQ section. You will find many helpful tips on the operation of your Wallenstein equipment.
Can I purchase the grapple head and rotator to install on my excavator?
The rotator and head are designed to handle the power of the Wallenstein grapples we install them on. The increased hydraulic pressure and flow rate of an excavator can damage our components.
Can I use a smaller or larger grapple than recommended?
Grapples are designed to be strong enough for the lift capacity as well as the power and size of the tractor or skidsteer. A small grapple will not be able to handle the forces put on it by a large tractor or skidsteer. A large grapple will take up too much of the lift capacity as well as create stability issues with a smaller tractor or skidsteer.
Can the hydraulic rotator be locked?
No the rototaor cannot be locked. It has a free-wheel function which acts as a shock dampener when rotation is stopped. This also allows it to rotate when skidding logs around corners.
Can the RP version winch or extension boom be added to the other models afterwards?
Unfortunately, this is not possible. The winch and extension boom are only available from factory.
Do the LXG grapples work with a Quick-Hitch?
These grapples will not work with a quick-hitch.
How does the spring return work?
The top of the grapple head has a cam plate which rotates with it. A spring is hooked to the plate. As the head rotates, the spring stretches and can then pull the head back to center. Center position of the head is front-to rear, but a pin which engages holes in the cam plate allows it to be locked in center position, or at 90° to either side for lifting and placing a log. Care must be taken not to rotate the head with the lock engaged, as this will damage the rotator shaft and cam plate. The LXG 320S, 330S, 420S and 430S incorporate a shear bolt to limit damage. The LXG210S does not.
How much force does the extension cylinder provide (if equipped)?
The extension cylinder is not intended for pushing or pulling logs. It is only intended to extend the reach of the grapple, when required. When using the pushbar, ensure that the extension cylinder is retracted.
What can I use the Pushbar for (if equipped)?
The pushbar is designed to help guide the direction of tree fall when felling.
What is required to operate the grapples?
All grapple models require hydraulic power from the tractor or skidsteer. Grapples come with required hoses and appropriate couplers.
The LXG 210S, 330S, 420S, and 430S require one set of remote hoses (one pressure and one return).
The LXG 320R and 320R require two sets of remote hoses (each with one pressure and one return). One set operates the grapple open / close, the other set operates the rotator.
The LXG 330RP, 420R, 430R and 430RP require one set of remote hoses (one pressure and one return) as well as 12V at 1.5A electrical power from the tractor or skidsteer. These models include a wire harness, switch box and cigarette lighter plug, as well as solenoid-operated valve(s). Default operation is open / close on the grapple head. Operating the appropriate switch(s) shifts the solenoid(s) to operate the rotator, the winch or the boom extension as required.
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ANPF's Fall Festival is our annual flagship event that features dramatic readings of four plays chosen from hundreds of submissions from all over the world. The winners are selected by a dedicated and trained cadre of volunteer readers. Each performance is followed by a talkback session with the playwright, providing a learning opportunity for both the audience and the artist.
ANPF 2019 is October 16 – 20, 2019


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Tabatha Farney
Library Director of Web Services and Emerging Technology
University of Colorado Colorado Springs
Tabatha Farney is the Director of Web Services and Emerging Technology for the Kraemer Family Library at the University of Colorado Colorado Springs. Her daily activities involve developing and maintaining various web tools to support library services. Her professional and research passions include digital/web analytics and improving the user experience. She is a self-professed "code monkey" and loves discussing the latest library technology.
Internet Librarian 2014
Monday October 27, 2014
2:15 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.


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I've been thinking a lot for a couple of days about the dynamics of *interesting* and unconventional conversation topics and this sub seems to be a treasure chest full of it.
In addition to this, I'm also looking for a style of conversation that appears to be random and fictional – something that just keeps giving. I was talking to a gent in a previous thread where he mentioned he used to come up with fictional tales of how he was in the Bolivian Intelligence Agency and detailed his adventures in a way to both have something to talk about and make the girl laugh.
I'd also like to know an unconventional method to open a with a girl without starting with her name. I came up with up a 'look at that couple there, how long do you think till she slaps him" and something on those lines.
1. How do you approach a potential girl when they're in groups?
2. When there's a lull in the convo, I simply stare at her with a half smile. This generally goads her to come up with something. I'd like to have a proper backup- what's yours?
View Reddit by indian_booty – View Source


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Web accessibility is the process by which organization work to remove barriers and faced by people with disabilities on digital properties. When a site is designed and developed correctly, it provides everyone, regardless of ability, equal access to the site's information and functionality.
There are 63 million people with disabilities in North America
Disabilities cost $400 billion year in healthcare expenditure
More than 8 in 10 people with disabilities disregard a service provider because of barriers encountered
Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive.
User interface components and navigation must be operable.
Information and the operation of the user interface must be understandable.
Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies.
Download the guide to learn more about how web accessibility enhances the digital experience for patients with disabilities, and how organizations can achieve and maintain compliance with accessibility standards, regulations and guidelines.


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Time to Get Organized
With summer winding down (as I type this it is 104 in Dallas; we still have a lot of unwinding to do!) and the kids headed back to school, it's time to think about organizing for your business. You can only grow your business if you are focused on your 20%. Here are some tools to help with that focus.
GetResponse.com I picked this up from Ryan (firstname.lastname@example.com) in my Toronto Ambassador session. Here is what he has to say about it: "I use it as my 10 days of pain follow up for emails as well then I switch them over to the 33 touch. It's a good program." I couldn't have said it any better!
Go2convert.com Have you ever received an attachment but didn't have the right program to open it? Problem solved! This easy to use site allows you to convert virtually any document file extension into one that you can open. FREE and easy to use!
IRIScanThis is a portable scanner for full pages and business cards that received a lot of attention in my classes this summer. It's extremely handy with all of the business cards that I pick up from training sessions. I scan them, view them in the compatible software program and easily download into my database. I can scan more cards and update them if need be faster that any smart phone app out there.
StatCounter.com Currently, adding Google Analytics to your eEdge site is not an option. StatsCounter is a program that gives you similar data and is compatible with the eEdge sites. Check it out.
Archive for September, 2011
September '11 Technology TidbitsPosted in eEdge, Real Estate, Technology, Technology Training on September 1, 2011 by mtritthart


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Home & Travel
Best Tips for International Travels
International travels can be exhilarating but having a good plan for the trip can be discouraging. The questions may appear to be infinite. Questions such as where do I start? What do I need to take along? Who am I suppose to call? How do I get there? How much am I willing to spend? How long will I stay? And lots more. These questions are what make planning an international trip daunting. Make your next traveling a lifetime experience as this write-up will unveil to you the travel tips that will change your traveling experience for life.
Best Tips for Travels 2019:
When planning for an international journey, the first and most important question that should be asked is about the Geo-Political fundamentals of the country you are planning to go. Learn more about the location of the country you are planning to visit, learn about the major cities/states in the country. Pay attention to the kind of government the Country have. Does the country practice a monarchy, democratic or communal system of government? Is the country politically stable and find out if the country recognizes human rights. Be meticulous about the above questions so as to ensure you are safe when on your trip.
The Climatic conditions of your destination are equally important and have to be taken into consideration. Find out about the climatic conditions prevailing at the time you will be visiting the country. This will help you to determine the types of wears you are to take along. Frosty climatic conditions would mean you have to pack your luggage with more of woolen and warming outfits while warmer climatic conditions mean your luggage should be filled with more of Tees and light-colored wears. Supposing your destination is in the middle-east, it is necessary you take along some sun-screen cream. So it is of the essence that you make findings of the expected climatic conditions of your destination.
Furthermore, the culture and society of your destination is to be known as well. Some nations have extremely conventional cultures and expect to enforce the same on every citizen, residents as well as foreigners who are just visiting the country for a while. A typical example of this is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Any preclusion from the country's rules and culture is not tolerated and would love you to respect their rules whilst on top of their soil. Alcohol or movies are strictly frowned at anywhere in the kingdom. Women must be covered from heads to toes. Any violation of the law brings severe punishment. Another example of countries with orthodox cultures is Japan but doesn't impose these laws on foreigners or travelers. So before embarking on an international trip, it is essential to have knowledge of their culture.
Learning the fundamentals food practice of your destination nation is of high importance if you want a nice and nutritious stay in the country. In a good number of nations, Sandwiches and milk are made available for your sustenance. Countries located in the far-east are mainly dominated by light cooked food. India and Mexico serve one of the spiciest foods on earth, Russia serves liquor (vodka) in hours of daylight, Italians serve up mauve for launches and the Middle East dish up smoked foods. Consequently, it is always safe and better to learn the local foods that are been served in your destination Country. Make out a number of local foods that might be okay with you or those you would love to taste during your visit and always remember to keep essential digestive pills before doing so.
To wrap it up, never travel to a country without learning the basic lifestyle of its people. Follow strictly the travel tips above and your next international travel will be a memorable one.
For more information visit http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/english/go/checklist.html


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Product 128/277
Great in wet weather conditions,Johto Lace GTX is our outdoor style that fits perfectly with the growing athleisure trend. Premium dark blue nubuck has been fused with a Gore-Tex membrane for extended comfort,while blue colour pops add to the sporty look. Ortholite cushioning is mixed with a lightweight EVA midsole,while a rubber outsole provides durability this winter.


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Google Street View
When buying a house, users are often interested in finding out more about where it is located, and how the neighborhood looks. While a map view shows only a circle with no visual data, the Google Street View allows users to better assess the property and its surrounding area. Google Street View plugin will give your customers more information about a particular property helping them make a more informed purchasing decision.
How it works
The Plugin is installed in a few clicks requiring only a valid Google API Key, which you can get in the following guide provided by Google. After setup, the Plugin adds a "Street View" button to the preview picture on property details. Upon clicking the "Street View" link, the Plugin will load the street view panorama corresponding to the listing address giving users a much better idea of the property surroundings.
Front End
When a user is viewing a listing, he may click a "Street View" button and see the property surroundings. The Street View plugin gives users a panoramic 360-degree view of the street where the advertised property is located, better yet, the panorama is interactive allowing a user to navigate around it with a mouse, see the adjacent houses, the surrounding area and take a virtual tour around a neighborhood.
Google Street View has been around for quite some time and provides coverage for most areas, although in rare instances some locations may be unavailable for viewing because they are not covered by the map service.
Back end
Google Street View is a third-party plugin developed by Google Maps Service, version 3. Therefore, it does not offer a manager in admin panel and requires no configuration after installation.
You have to log in to view installation instructions.
- Minor improvements
- Duplicate Google Maps API Library removed
- https problem resolved
- Adjusted to the responsive templates
- Google Geocoding API added
- Initial release
No plugin reviews yet.


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having to click on CONFIRM SECURITY EXCEPTION a lot
Solved! Go to Solution.
I'm having the same thing with my POP3 email. From looking at the certificate info, I don't understand why my AVG continues to say mail.twc.com is not trusted. I keep having to click the "Acknowledge Exception" button to download my messages.
The certificate appears to have been issued 12-12-2016 and expires 12-14-2017. Don't know why it doesn't want to accept it.
An issue with expired certificates was identified impacting Apple devices. The issue has been investigated and has been resolved . If you are still having an issue, please contact us directly for further assistance.
Please contact us at:
Twitter: @Ask_Spectrum
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Spectrum
Spectrum-Social Media Customer Care


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C. Roy Mest, 76, of Limerick, husband of Phyllis M. (Ruble) Mest, passed away on Wednesday at Manor Care in Pottstown.
Born in Stowe, he was the son of the late George Wilson and Esther (Richards) Mest.
Roy was a member of Emmanuel Lutheran Church in Pottstown where he served on the church council. He was employed by Good Will Fire Company for 40 years. While with Good Will he served as a fire truck and ambulance driver, a Board of Directors member, Ambulance Chief and retired as Ambulance Administrator.
Roy was the past president of Good Will Steam Engine Co #1 Fireman's Relief, a former Asst. Fire Chief and past President of Norco Fire Co., past president of the Montgomery County Ambulance Assoc., former instructor of the American Red Cross and American Heart Assoc., former EMT instructor for Montgomery Co., and former Lieutenant of the Pottstown Special Police. He was a lifetime member of Good Will Steam Fire Co. #1, Pottstown and West End Fire Co in Stowe, the Police Chief's Association of Montgomery County where he also served as a former Secretary, the PA Police Chief's Assoc., and the FOP, Lodge 14.
Roy was also a former PA State Constable and a former police chief of Perkiomen Township in Montgomery County where he started as a part time officer, became a full time officer and was the first full time police chief.
Surviving with his wife are daughters Charlene L. , wife of Scott Fazekas, Georgene M., wife of Daryl Saylor and Kelly A., wife of Kevin Perez, all of Pottstown; sons Phillip R., husband of Penny (Mourar) Mest of Pottstown and Thomas W., husband of Rebecca (Schwartz) Mest, of Limerick; grandchildren Jamie, Kasey and Eric Fazekas, Bryan Saylor, husband of Kristen (Serpe) Saylor, Amanda "Mandi" Saylor, Desiree (Mest) wife of Steve Wilfong, Mallory Mest, Elizabeth and Hannah Bauer, and Matthew and Jacob Mest; great granddaughters Ava Grace Fazekas-Horner and Hailey and Madelyn Saylor; and nephew Richard Evans. Along with his parents, he is predeceased by his daughter Jeanette Marie Mest and siblings George W. Mest Jr., Hazel L. Mest, Ruth R. Hoffman, and E. Jane Dotterer.
A funeral service will be held on Monday, 11:00AM At Emmanuel Lutheran Church, 150 N. Hanover St., Pottstown with Rev. Lynette Chapman officiating. Burial will follow in Mt. Zion Cemetery, Pottstown. Visitation will be held on Sunday from 2:00PM to 3:30PM at Catagnus Funeral Home & Cremation Center, Inc., 711 N. Franklin Street, Pottstown, and on Monday from 10:00AM to 10:45AM at the church.
Memorial contributions may be made in Roy's name to Emmanuel Lutheran Church Shares of Faith, 150 N. Hanover Street, Pottstown, PA 19464 or Good Will Ambulance Company, 714 E. High Street, Pottstown, PA 19464.


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I've got a three tiered vertical navigation menu that doesn't seem to be displaying the last tier of the menu. I'm using bootstrap in the underlying architecture and have only one three-leveled dropdown menu. I just can't see that last level or tier. Here is a link: http://staging1.thestudio-patrick.com/wordpress/. If you click on Investor Relations, the dropdown opens fine. But "Company Info" and "Stock Information" are (or should) also be dropdown menus. You can see it if you view the source code or inspect it. I've exhausted all resources I know to figure this out. Hoping you can help!
- EliMarie
- Flash Drive


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Winter Study-January 24-February 28, 9:30 a.m., Room 131 | Simon Peter: Flawed but Faithful Disciple, by Adam Hamilton. Peter an ordinary guy who heard and followed God's extraordinary call. Discover how you, too, have special gifts and abilities that God can use to make a difference today.
If you have questions or need a book for the next study, contact Connie Robertson, or 214-291-8004. Childcare available, contact Defae Weaver.
News Home


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May 23, 2016
Contact: Erin Mulvey
Phone Number: (212) 337-2906
Father, Girlfriend Of Rikers Island Inmate Charged With Conspiracy And Solicitation To Commit Murder
Allegedly tried to hire "hitman" to kill witnesses in inmate's pending home invasion case
District Attorney Brown said, "Unfortunately, some criminals facing trial and possible imprisonment seek to improve their odds of avoiding punishment by intimidating or eliminating potential witnesses against them. The criminal justice system cannot function effectively if victims of and witnesses to crimes do not feel safe to report those crimes and cooperate in investigations and prosecutions. Police and prosecutors throughout this state and, indeed, across the country understand this very well and, consequently, are extremely vigilant to ensure the protection of witnesses. Witness protection is a top priority for law enforcement and when we learn of plans like the one these defendants allegedly made we do everything in our power to stop them. Our success here demonstrates that law enforcement is capable of thwarting criminals' plots and that those who attempt such conduct will face strong laws and tough penalties."
DEA Special Agent in Charge Hunt said, "A 'hit' was placed on the heads of an innocent family who was in the wrong place at the wrong time. DEA investigations usually uncover an array of crimes but the most heinous has always been cold-blooded murder. Through collaborative efforts, a murder plot was stopped and those responsible have been arrested. I would like to thank all of our law enforcement partners for their diligent work in this investigation."
District Attorney Brown identified the two defendants as Latisha Larrymore, 31, and Eddie Marcus, 53, both of Jamaica, Queens. Larrymore and Marcus are presently awaiting arraignment in Queens Criminal Court on a criminal complaint charging each of them with second-degree conspiracy and second-degree criminal solicitation to commit murder. If convicted, the defendants each face up to 25 years in prison.
District Attorney Brown said that over the course of the investigation various investigative techniques were utilized, including recording controlled meetings and telephone calls and listening to recorded Rikers Island telephone calls.
District Attorney Brown said that, according to the charges in the underlying home invasion cases, Edward Leasure, 36, of Jamaica, Queens, approached a Queens residence on the morning of March 16, 2015, while wearing a ski mask and black jacket. It is alleged that Leasure knocked on the front door and when a 25-year-old female occupant opened the door, he stepped inside and stated, in sum and substance, "Where is he?" He then allegedly displayed a black firearm and led the female and another female, 52, into a bedroom and stated, in sum and substance, "Where is the safe? You had a big party Saturday night. I know you have a safe. Show me the safe or I'll shoot your wife in the foot?" The older female then allegedly handed $300 in cash to Leasure, who at that point fled on foot from the residence.
Shortly thereafter, it is alleged that Leasure entered a second residence approximately four houses away from the first one while again wearing a ski mask and black jacket and punched the 63- year-old female occupant in the left shoulder, causing her substantial pain and requiring treatment at a local Queens hospital. Leasure then displayed what appeared to be a black handgun to the female occupant and to a 24-year-old male occupant and stated, in sum and substance, "Be calm. Don't scream. I'm just going to wait until the police leave." At one point, the male occupant received a telephone call from his brother and Leasure allegedly held what appeared to be a black handgun to the male occupant's head and stated, in sum and substance, "Pick up the phone. Speak English. Anything other then English I'll shoot you." The brother, speaking in Bengali, allegedly stated, in sum and substance, "Is there a man in there with a gun? If there is, say 'Okay. See you for dinner.'" The male occupant replied, in sum and substance, "Okay, okay, okay, yes dinner."
At the time of Leasure's arrest that day, police allegedly recovered a black 9mm Luger containing one magazine that was loaded with eight 9mm rounds of live ammunition, the ski mask, jacket, boots and pants from the locations that Leasure had allegedly placed them. In both instances, the alleged actions of Leasure inside the residences placed the occupants in fear of serious physical injury and death.
Leasure was arraigned in Queens Criminal Court on March 18, 2015, on burglary, robbery, weapons possession and other charges and ordered held in jail in lieu of $200,000 bail. On June 11, 2015, Leasure was arraigned on an 8-count indictment charging him with two counts of first-degree burglary, one count of first-degree robbery, two counts of second-degree criminal possession of a weapon, one count of third-degree criminal possession of a weapon, one count of second-degree assault and one count of first-degree unlawful imprisonment. He continued to be held in jail in lieu of $200,000 bail. His next court date is June 21, 2016.
District Attorney Brown said that, according to the charges in the immediate case, Larrymore and Marcus conspired between April 29, 2016, and May 12, 2016, to hire a hitman to murder witnesses due to testify at Leasure's upcoming home invasion trial. Specifically, it is alleged that Marcus approached a person known to the investigation and asked the individual to kill multiple witnesses who were set to testify at his son's trial for a sum of currency. Marcus allegedly provided the names and addresses of the witnesses and a time frame within which the murders should be completed. Larrymore allegedly had subsequent recorded conversations with the individual where she discussed the payment for his services and the means by which the murders should be carried out. Larrymore allegedly advised the individual that she knew someone who could sell him a gun
and a silencer.
At the time of her arrest, Larrymore allegedly stated to police that (Edward Leasure) was worried about witnesses and that she received a call from Ed who told her to meet his father Eddie and that Eddie found a "lawyer" who will take care of the situation and that "lawyer" is the code word for hitman. Larrymore also allegedly stated to police that the hitman wanted $4,000 up front and that she told the hitman that the rest of the money would be paid after Ed was out of jail.
The investigation was conducted by Detective David Gilbert, of the Queens District Attorney's NYPD Detective Squad, under the supervision of Sergeant Francis Teran and Captain John M. Zanfardino, Commander of the NYPD QDA Squad, and the overall supervision of Deputy Chief Michael Kemper, Chief of Queens South Detectives, and Chief of Detectives Robert Boyce.
Also assisting in the investigation was the Drug Enforcement Administration's Tactical Diversion (Group TDS-NY), which is comprised of agents and officers from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, the New York City Police (NYPD), the New York State Police, Town of Orangetown Police Department and Westchester County Police Department. Additional assistance was provided by the New York City Department of Investigation, Office of the Inspector General for the NYC Department of Corrections.
Assistant District Attorney Christine A. McCoy, of the District Attorney's Career Criminal Major Crimes Bureau, is prosecuting the case under the supervision of Assistant District Attorneys James W. Evangelou, Bureau Chief, and Jennifer L. Naiburg, Deputy Bureau Chief, and the overall supervision of Senior Executive Assistant District Attorney for Trials James C. Quinn and Deputy Assistant District Attorney for Trials Laura M. Henigman.It should be noted that a criminal complaint is merely an accusation and that the defendants are presumed innocent until proven guilty.


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This powerful software provides a suite of tools that views, optimizes, annotates, and analyzes IR thermal images and videos. It also generates fully customizable and professional-looking reports with the push of a button or in a few easy steps.
The 700G/Track easy-to-use software manages your 700G gauge and upload measurements logged remotely for display or export for reports.
Manage your instruments and your calibration data with this easy-to-use instrumentation management database.
Whether you schedule 200 or 2,000+ calibrations per year, Fluke's DPCTrack2 calibration management software will save you time and assure data integrity by tapping into your Fluke 740 or the new 750 series calibrator's documenting features.
This is a Windows software package for documenting, archiving and analyzing measurements from the Fluke CombiScope.
Expand the power of the world's most rugged, accurate handheld test tools with FlukeView® Forms Documenting Software.
To address the increasing demands for reporting and documentation, Fluke presents FlukeView Forms documenting software.
Power Analysis Software delivers professional results through a straightforward Windows® interface
Millions of power cycles occur every day. You can measure every single one, but then what do you do with the information? Scenario allows you to build a hierarchy of data bases to help manage data collected during various power studies or from multiple locations.
FlukeView software adds PC power to your Fluke ScopeMeter test tool
Add PC power of archiving, logging, capturing screens or data with FlukeView MultiFunction Counter software for Windows®.


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Introducing CudyTV
A channel featuring the untold stories of struggling students and passionate tutors. Learn from their mistakes and find out more about tried and tested tips and tricks from the people who have succeeded in the game of grades.
Tian Wei has always been a student struggling with the Chinese and Mathematics. What problems did he face? How did he overcome them? Find out how Cudy can help students like him.
Zhu Cheng is a passionate and brilliant tutor. He graduated from Hwa Chong Institution and is teaching struggling students. Find out why he chooses to use Cudy to teach his students.


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Branford Marsalis and ALL that Jazz
In the arts, beauty — and sometimes even the mere existence of a genre or form — may be in the eye (or ear) of the beholder. This modified axiom is never more evident than when it comes to jazz.
I once had the opportunity to interview vocalist Dianne Reeves and asked what she thought about naysayers who claimed jazz was a dying art form. She paused for a moment, then said, "Well, they're just not listening to the right people."
Madison got a hefty dose of the right people Thursday when the Branford Marsalis Quartet took the stage at Overture Hall. Jazz, as a rule, has a rabid, but small following, so it was very encouraging to see more than 1,600 seats filled in Overture Hall, a sign that the art form is anything but dying.
The band's 100-minute set strayed into a range of areas, from inventive, nonlinear progressions to jazz standards and even a little Dixieland, an homage to Marsalis' New Orleans upbringing. For the serious musician, jazz provides a wealth of fascinating musical structures and progressions that mix musical education with freeform improvisation. For the rest of us … well, it simply has the power to carry us to the stratosphere and back again.
With Marsalis on reeds, Joey Calderazzo on piano and Eric Revis on bass, the quartet's core group provided a smooth synthesis of rhythms and melodies. Drummer Justin Faulkner, who replaced longtime Marsalis sideman Jeff "Tain" Watts in 2009, brings an unbridled energy to his kit that takes tunes both familiar and not well beyond the downbeat.
The group drew heavily on its August 2012 recording Four MFs Playin' Tunes, a blend of originals and covers that demonstrated an incredible range of skills. Interspersed were stories and anecdotes about an encounter with Stan Getz and the inevitable travel woes musicians face on the road, but none of it distracted from the music.
The band wailed through a cover of Thelonius Monk's "Teo" and stepped lightly amid the notes of George Gershwin's "Our Love is Here to Stay." The evening's best were original compositions such as Marsalis' musically complex "In the Crease" and Calderazzo's lyrically beautiful "As Summer into Autumn Slips." The pair together comprised the final part of the regular concert, and the band clearly had saved the best for last.
But not quite. The musicians regrouped for an extended encore version of "Tiger Rag" that Marsalis told us was actually a blend of three French gavottes that were popular as dance tunes in early 20th Century New Orleans. "Jelly Roll Morton claimed to have written the song, but Jelly Roll claimed to have written just about everything," Marsalis said.
Regardless of its history, the Branford Marsalis Quartet had a grand time with their closing number, proving that their love for jazz — like ours — is here to stay.


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Isolation and to not have anyone to discuss business with (except for clients), are two major issue in the life of freelancers. Therefore Im more than happy to attend at the first organised Freelancer meet up in Malmö at the co-working space the Ground.
+30 freelancers showed up with different backgrounds and expertise areas. The majority worked within some sort of creative roles (live visuals, photography, voice overs, videos etc). Really cool to meet so many talented people that are really working with their true passion.
Discussions during the evening were mainly in regards to sales:
- How to find clients
- How to find the big clients
- How to get paid and not work for free
And also time management. Yes you are your own boss, and you work with creative work. The struggles here comes from you set your own schedule and you have deadlines (and sometimes not the courage to say no to projects). So why should you get out of bed early (or at all?!)? Am I working or just watch stupid cat videos on Youtube?
This was a really good event to gather people with the same interest. I really enjoyed their positive attitude and kindness to everyone, even though many of them are competitors. Thanks for a great organised event!


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The Natasha Method
The Natasha Method
I can't find anything exacly the same as this password strategy anywhere, so I'm assuming it is unique or an adaptation of another system.
This is the password system I've been using for the last 2 years. I'm always surprised by the awful
passwords I see: my neighbours WiFi used to be 123456789, and my dads work email password spent some time as saab (The
car he used to drive) This system is based around codes, and I've found it so simple to have good passwords with it.
There are 3 cyphers… they are:
Low secure easy cyphers, used for
Forum Accounts
Alternate email accounts
Wifi Router
Good cyphers for more important things, such as:
Main Email
University systems
Private forum accounts
Computer logon passwords
Bios Passwords
The best cyphers, used for the most secure tasks
Online Banking
Student Finance
Drive Encryption
The cyphers are applied as follows…
Keyboard Co-ordinates, with the first and last characters as caps, and using 3117 speak used when possible…If the password is shorter than 10 characters, then the uncyphered word is typed backwards until 10 is reached
For example
theescapist becomes T5h33335cap0185t%
facebook becomes Fac33b09cK
Pressing the buttons either side of the key (Left first, then right) followed by the followed by the co-ordinate of the
original character. First and last characters are always pressed with the "shift" button depressed.
If the password is shorter than 10 characters, then every other letter from the uncyphered word is typed backwards
until 10 is reached
For Example:
JoeBloggs becomes Hk9-24VNk;9-fhfh4^
NatashaBrown becomes Bm35ry3546gj1dVn9-qebM
Flickr becomes Dgk;uo8xvjlet$
Hotmail becomes Gj9-ryn,35k:
Similar to medium except that the direction keystroke direction is reversed going right to Left.
1337 speak is used when ever it can be, as are keyboard coordinates (1337 is typed first if both are available), however the co-ordinate of the original character is not depressed after the side
keys. The first and last characters are always typed with "shift" pressed, and in the event that the password is shorter
than 15 characters, then the word is typed again, this time using the weak cypher, until 15 is reached.
For Example:
Abbey becomes 5VNVNW2R4T5U7Abb33y6
Bitlocker becomes: Vnu709r4y6k;18p0xvjlw2r433t5
As you can see this system enables you to only need to remember simple keywords (And these could be written down, or kept in
a file) and 3 cyphers (Don't write these down) you get long passwords with a good mix of upper and lower case, symbols, and
numbers. By using a 3 tier system you have protection in the event that someone is smart enough to figure out one of your
codes, and you don't have overly strong passwords for pointless stuff.
I hope this can help some people, as I know making good passwords can be a tricky thing (Constant balancing between security and memory!) and I've found this system to be really useful. Also, if it's rubbish and there's some glaring flaw that I've missed, please tell me so that I can stop using it and come up with a better way!
Finally, don't try to get in to my accounts with any of this! The codes I put up here are very different to the ones I am using, and my keywords are a bit more obscure than the ones here!
Comments are closed.


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Voting in Allegany
Local Elections
Village Elections
Village elections were held on Tuesday, March 19, 2019 at the Village of Allegany Municipal Bldg located at 106 East Main Street from Noon until 9:00 PM. A Mayor and Two Village Trustees were elected to four year terms.
Click Here for the 2019 Mayor and Village Board of Trustees Election Results
Click Below for the Sample Ballot for the 2019 Village Elections
Allegany Village Election 2019 Sample Ballot
Allegany NY Voting Location Map
County Republican Contacts:
- Republican Commissioner - Michael Brisky 716-938-2405
- Election Clerk - Cortney Spittler 716-938-2401 e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Election Clerk - Kelle Brisky 716-938-2400
- Election Clerk - Cortney Spittler 716-938-2401 e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
County Democrat Contacts:
- Democratic Commissioner - Kevin C. Burleson 716-938-2404
- Deputy Commissioner - Laura Howard 716-938-2403
- Election Clerk - Mandy Bushnell 716-938-2402
- Deputy Commissioner - Laura Howard 716-938-2403
- Elections Office at 938-9111 Ext. 2400-2403
Note: A larger District Map will be displayed at the Polling Places on Election Day


text: It was great to have the opportunity to meet and photograph biologist Stan Orchard for a recent article in Canadian Wildlife magazine. Stan has been working tirelessly to eradicate the invasive American bullfrog from Vancouver Island as it spreads and takes over the habitat of many native species. A lack of government funding and the sheer number of frogs make for a difficult task but Stan has pioneered his own unique and successful method for capturing them. To learn more, grab the issue of Canadian Wildlife or visit Stan's website, Bullfrog Control.


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Skegness CC's hopes of a top-two finish were ended by defeat to Woodhall Spa Seconds on Saturday.
The visitors left the seaside with a nine-wicket success, themselves cementing second spot in their final contest of the South Lincs and Border League Premier Division season.
Skegness were dismissed for 34, with the Spa men replying with 37-1.
The seasiders sit fourth in the table and will conclude their campaign on Saturday away at Long Sutton (1pm).
Skegness Seconds were beaten by 232 runs at Timberlands in the SLBL Division One.
Openers Simon Behan (102 ret) and Adrian Shaw (56) helped the hosts to 312-5 following their 45 overs.
In response, a defiant nine-man Skegness ended on 80-7, Michael Simpson top scoring with 20.
Skegness will finish bottom of the table and end their season at Market Deeping Seconds on Saturday (1pm).


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Factory 35
Kemp House, 152 City Road, London EC1V 2NX, United Kingdom
Factory 35 is a brand new image library dedicated to shooting backplates and HDR domes for automotive use.
Our imagery is shot, edited and finished to the highest standards, allowing it to appeal to customers looking for truly premium content within stock photography.
The company has been founded by a small, highly experienced team who have collectively spent much of the last decade shooting producing, managing and licensing imagery of this calibre.
Individually, our work is used by many of today's leading automotive brands and their respective agencies in both major markets of the United States and Europe, as well as emerging ones such as India, China and Brazil.


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The police does not know what to do. They have to deal with a serial killer who aims at martial arts masters. One after another is killed in the same brutal way. This may be a chance for ... . You can read more in Google, Youtube, Wiki
Tiger Claws
The police do not know what to do. They have to deal with a serial killer who aims at martial arts masters. One after another is killed in the same brutal way. This may be a chance for ...
- Category:Action
- Stars:Cynthia Rothrock, Nick Dibley, Fern Figueiredo, Jack Vorvis, Jalal Merhi, Lisa-Marie Thomas, Franz Fridal, Robert Nolan, Kedar Brown, Ken Quinn, Ernie Cohen, Frank Bobiwash, Eric Bryson, Bill Pickels, Patti,
- Uploader:Chich1Phat
- Country:Canada, USA
- Director:Kelly Makin,
- Writer:J. Stephen Maunder
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Tiger Claws torrent reviews
Michael Q (jp) wrote: A so so kind of watch, which some will like and other won't .........
Ravan Florentin P (ru) wrote: brilliant. Writers still exist after all
Lee M (br) wrote: The film is best at recreating the atmosphere--using sounds, lighting, characters who are slightly off--from the boy's point of view, how things that are darkly odd can become downright scarringly freaky to a sensitive child. Unfortunately, the film itself fails to hang together satisfactorily.
James K (jp) wrote: was a very good movie.
Gabriel D (us) wrote: I found the style of this film pretty grating. The script is decent, but it doesn't accomplish much other than echoing other, better literature. Eh, at least it has the criminally underused Jeff Goldblum.
Sanford R (br) wrote: I didn't really like this
Janine M (kr) wrote: I saw this, but don't remember much about it. So, it wasn't memorable.
Trae K (ag) wrote: An enormously disappointing and underwhelming movie. Despite Robin Williams's charming performance as always, this movie as a whole (especially the humor) was rather just ANNOYING, was NOTHING special, and was hardly ANYTHING entertaining at ALL; instead, it had a loony storyline, an over-the-top cast (with Robin Williams and Marcia Gay Harden both being the ONLY good performances that I liked in this movie), unrealistic silliness, and, to my biggest surprise, Flubber not being in this film all that much. Based on all of the previews that I remembered seeing on old VHS tapes of some Disney animated classics that I STILL have today, it looked like Flubber was going to be among the main focus of the movie, but NOPE. Sure, Robin's character created him based on a science-experimenting accident, but this movie is mostly about Robin trying to win back his ex-wife and keep his job while Flubber is ONLY on-screen for at least 2-3 SCENES out of the WHOLE movie! UGH...I don't really know what to say in response to that. Generally, the way I see it, whenever a certain movie that seems to have such GREAT potential does NOT live up to my expectations at ALL, I sometimes feel CHEATED and the film can LOSE points for that, in my opinion. There was indeed some decent moments in this movie, and that is why I'm not giving it a lower rating, but overall though, my biggest words to describe my thoughts on this film: DISAPPOINTING UNDERWHELMINGNESS.
Patrick S (ca) wrote: my favorite van damme movie as a youngster
Chelle (de) wrote: I love this movie,but I am a big James Spader fan!!
Robin S (fr) wrote: Just an ice skating movie from my era with great music that I love to watch.
Cardo D (au) wrote: Un clsico. Cnica y muy buena.


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Traditional Lampshades are complimentary to curtain making and soft furnishings. It is a great skill to have particularly when recommending accessories for a room scheme. See COURSE PROGRAMME below ..
On completion of this course students will be awarded an Accedited Certificate. Victoria Hammond Academy is accredited by AIM Awards, which is an approved British Awarding Body, regulated by Ofqual.
You can either make payment in full, or deposit payment. The deposit payment is required to secure your place on the course. It is possible to decide attendance dates at a later time subject to availability – select from the option below 'dates to be decided'. Balance payment is then due to be settled at least 2 weeks prior to the course start date; £225. On request we can email you a secure online WorldPay link.
All course fees are inclusive of specialist materials, designer fabrics, comprehensive manual and refreshments. There are villages close by that have a selection of food stores. You are also welcome to bring a packed lunch.
Courses run from 9:30am to 5pm. Tea/coffee served at 9:15am. We are on-site from 9am.
Trainer: Angela Constantinou
Angela is an inspiring talented lady; she studied at a renowned university in London, where
she now regularly tutors. She works on residential and commercial commisions in and
around London. She has worked with companies and designers that include Robert Young
Antiques, Mockbee & Co, and Dutch interior designer, Rutger Hopster.
Working on a bowed empire shade, this course will give students the confidence to tackle a
variety of lampshade shapes using traditional hand sewn techniques. No sewing experience
is necessary and this course is suitable for both the beginner and the enthusiastic sewer.
Day One:
- Discussion of suitable frames and fabrics, suppliers and reconditioning of previously used
- Binding the frame, calculating fabric amounts and using patterned fabrics.
- Importance of the grain in fabric and how to get the prefect fit.
- Initial fitting and pinning of the face and lining fabric on the straight grain.
Day Two:
- Final fitting and hand stitchng of the face fabric.
- How to create a balloon lining.
- Making a flip down trim.
- Discussion of further suitable trims and how to 'invisibly' hand sew these to the shade
- Discussion of other shape frames and small differences in the fitting process.


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Total eclipse coming soon
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On August 21 2017, an exciting phenomenon is taking place across the United States: the total eclipse. The total eclipse occurs when the moon blocks out the sun completely. This form of eclipse hasn't occurred in around 100 years.
This eclipse will be visible from almost all sections of North America, however the moon only completely blocks out the sun in the "path of totality". The path reaches from Oregon to South Carolina and is about 70 miles wide, according to Space.com.
The eclipse will last for about four hours from start to completion. In Illinois around 87% of the sun will be covered at "peak totality" this takes place around 1:19pm CST, according to Palatine High school science department chair, Dr. Carl Garrison.
The eclipse will be viewed by many spectators, however there is some risk that comes along with viewing the eclipse.
"People might think, well it's all blocked, I can just look at the sun." claimed Dr. Garrison. "But 11% of the damaging rays will still be landing on your eyes."
For this reason it is important for those who plan to watch the eclipse to come equipped with special viewing sunglasses.
During the eclipse the audience will be to see parts of the sun, which are not often viewable to the naked eye.
"The sun is so bright you can't see those really close layers that aren't as bright as the corona," Dr Carl Garrison said. "So during the eclipse you get to the see those close layers."
There will also be a slight drop in temperature in Palatine. In the path of totality there will be a thirty degree drop in temperature, according to Palatine High school science teacher, Thomas Miller. The path of totality the stars will even start to come out and the crickets may possibly chirp as if it's nighttime.
Overall, the eclipse is bound to be a memorable experience which will not be viewable again until 2024. After 2024, however, the United States will not see another total eclipse until 2045.


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This blogpost will focus on the generated C# client.
To get started you basically just need 1 thing.
- A Swagger.Json file
Creating the client
If you already have the client you can skip this part
So you have created an API and added Swagger to it or you have been given a swagger.json file or someone else has created a swagger enable API or any combination of the above.
Now you want to create a client for, thankfully http://editor.swagger.io
Can generate a client for you.
Get your
swagger.json file (if using swashbuckle the default url for the file is
{your api domain}/swagger/docs/v1)
Go the http://editor.swagger.io
and paste the swagger.json file into the modal that pops up.
The editor should notify you of any errors in the schema
For this article I have used the swagger.json from the petstore example (any valid swagger will do).
If no errors arise, you are ready to generate the client.
Once the zip file is done downloading you should unzip and compile it using the Compile.bat file, located inside the folder.
Once compiled you can find the client and it's dependencies inside the
/bin folder.
Then just add the reference to a new project.
I will be using a basic Console Application.
Using the client
Note: The generated client has 2 dependencies namely; Newtonsoft.Json and RestSharp, these should be referenced through Nuget instead of using the ones that come with the client.
I will provide a basic run-through of how to use the client with different types of authentication, and how to use the generated client.
2 things to note about the client.
- All endpoints for the are located in the
- All configuration options for the httpclient is located in the
This is where we will provide:
* Authentication
* Default Headers
* UserAgent
* etc.
3. All response models are location in the
IO.Swagger.Model namespace
I will start with the configuration as this needs to be out of the way to call the API.
Client Configuration
The examples given are general examples and are not related to the petstore client (apart from the api naming).
I will go through 2 types of Authentication
- Basic Authentication
- APIKey authentication
Basic Authentication in the generated client is very straightforward
The above example will use the Authorization Header as transport with whatever scheme is defined in the
swagger.json file.
Using an APIKey is almost as easy as Basic Authentication:
There are 2 configuration options for apiKey
ApiKeyPrefix and
They are both directly related to the header that will be used as transport for the token.
In the above example we are using the Authorization Header as transport and we are using the Bearer Scheme (ApiKeyPrefix)
The sent header will look like the following:
Authorization: Bearer {Some token value}
Using the endpoints is almost insanely easy. Every API endpoint is wrapped in a nice easy to use method, with input and output models.
The petstore API uses an api_key header with the value of "special-key" for authentication.
The code for accessing the store inventory looks as the following
which generates the following output
The code for getting all pets with a particular status (to show the use of output models)
which generates the following output (as of this writing)
This concludes the post, you should find that using the generated API is pretty straightforward and easy.


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Executive team members may desire the same 60% coverage that most employees enjoy. However, with group carrier imposed maximum monthly benefits, it would not be unusual to find that they have only a third of what is expected.
Drake, Lehner & Morgan, LLC design and implement additional coverage tiers to protect the income of executives who may become sick or hurt and unable to work.


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ALBION, Mich. – Albion College was unable to free up a man for an open shot in the first half, and the results were predictable.
The Britons shot 29 percent from the field in falling behind by 20 at halftime, and the University of Mount Union coasted to an 86-62 victory in the non-league men's basketball game at Kresge Gymnasium.
Frontcourt mates Quinton Armstrong and Ryan Lowe combined to shoot 10 of 15 for Albion, but the rest of the team was 12 of 45 or 27 percent.
Armstrong, a first-year forward who prepped at Holt High School, had the best game of his young Albion career with 19 points and 10 rebounds.
Lowe produced all of his points and rebounds – six and five, respectively – in the second half.
Mount Union shot 50 percent in each half and finished the day 33 of 66 from the field. JJ Kukura, who was 6 of 9 from 3-point range, led all players with 25 points. Andrew Francesconi chipped in with 15.
Kukura knocked down a 3-point basket to ignite Mount Union's 18-4 run as the Purple Raiders opened a 14-point gap, 23-9, midway through the first half.
Albion, 1-3 overall, has another home game next Saturday. Illinois Tech will provide the opposition for the 3 o'clock tip inside Kresge Gymnasium.
Follow the Britons on Twitter: @AlbionMBB


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Regular price
The P's & Q's are a firm chewing aid that can help develop biting and chewing skills. They provide good resistance to biting. Each of the shapes is easy to grasp, suitable for those with a weaker grip or low muscle tone. We recommend Ps&Qs for children age 0 - 4yrs. The P's & Q's can help as;
BPA, PVC, Lead, Latex & Phtalate Free
Wash with Warm Soapy Water
Use under adult supervision. Inspect before each use and replace when showing signs of wear and tear.


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By Dustin Cabeal
Over the past two years, I have read an exhausting number of anthologies. It was once a comic format that I enjoyed since you were able to read a lot of comics from a variety of creators. Now it seems as if it's the golden standard for indie publishers to highlight a lot of new talent, which isn't bad, but with it comes a varying degree of success. Success that I didn't find in Tales from Orbit.
The biggest take away from this issue is that none of the stories resonated with me. Granted, I did read this several weeks ago, but will be reviewing five other books I read at the same time, and I recall all of them. I had to thumb through Tales of Orbit again to refresh my memory.
Upon doing this, I noticed that there's not really a theme to this volume. Tales from Orbit implies that there's a space theme and hell I'll give you the easy add-on of "future" to that, but that is not the case. The second story is a look at God presenting his planet for a science fair and failing. Sure, there's sci-fi elements for sure, but the overall theme of the story isn't sci-fi.
There were a good handful of stories that were okay. They just lacked that something special to make them special. There was also a handful that I didn't want to see again having already read them once. That boils down to personal taste, but it can't be helped.
Someone will enjoy this anthology. Hell, I'm sure a lot of comic readers will enjoy this anthology. It might end up being someone's first indie comic, and that's a good thing. For me, it just ends up feeling like a lot of creators seizing the opportunity to make comics, but not necessarily having a story that fits the anthology format. And I can't blame them, but the end product is that I didn't enjoy reading Tales of Orbit and would have a hard time recommending it to others.
But hey, I'm just one reviewer, so keep making comics.
Score: 2/5
Tales from Orbit #1
Writers: Various
Artists: Various
Publisher: WP Comics


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Many people have used online dating sites over the years and had great success finding love. Unfortunately, not everyone using online dating is looking to find their soulmate. Scammers also use online dating to prey on the unsuspecting and steal their personal and financial information instead of their hearts. These scammers create fake online profiles, often using photos of other people—even stolen pictures of real military personnel—to create a trustworthy persona. They profess their love quickly, and they tug at your heartstrings with made-up stories about how they need money—for emergencies, hospital bills, or travel. Read More….
The post Be Aware of Romance Scams appeared first on Dating Scams 101.
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Sponsored Link: http://youtube.com/no1hacker


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Hiking – As Good As It Gets
It's Friday and all I can say is – FINALLY! I'm one of those folks who lives for the weekend. And when the weekend comes, I try to make the most of it.
Last weekend, my brother and I went hiking. Hiking has become one of my favorite activities. After being cooped up in an office all week, being out on the trails is quite restorative.
Being 51 years old, I can remember the time before cellphones and the internet. I gotta say – those were some good days. We didn't have crap being shoved in our faces 24/7. Living in a rural area, we had an antenna for our television. We could count on ABC, CBS and NBC and when the weather was good, we might get PBS. We knew our neighbors and we looked out for each other.
I spent my childhood playing in the woods, floating on inner-tubes in the river and hanging out at the fish house where I got my first "job" heading shrimp. I was in second grade. That job gave me spending money and later helped buy my school clothes. It taught me the value of honest work.
I look at the world now and realize that we (my generation) were the lucky ones. Our parents weren't hovering over us every moment. Seriously, it never occurred to my folks that it might not be safe for my sister and I to be floating on inner-tubes in a river by ourselves. They told us where we could float and they expected us to listen. And we did.
I see kids now – still in elementary school carrying cellphones. Their little faces glued to the screens. I can't help but wish that I could wave a magic wand and drop them in the middle of 1976. No cellphones or video games to occupy their time/mind. Instead, they'd have the opportunity to explore the world around them, to build forts, walk the woods, catch clams and chew on sour weed.
The world wasn't perfect then. It's not perfect now. But for a kid – growing up "unplugged" was about as perfect as we could get.
Maybe that's why I like hiking so much. For a few hours, I'm on an adventure, exploring new paths with no unwanted interruptions. I'm unplugged and I'm lucky.
photography magic
I loved Harry Potter. Still do. There's something about the story that speaks to the possibilities – escaping the humdrum and finding that bit more…
Photography, in its own way, is magic. We can capture moments in time and create images that inspire our imagination.
These images were from my latest light painting effort.
Wishing you a magical weekend.
Putting a Little More Life in my Daily Living
This past month has been a busy one. I turned fifty-one. Somehow, I thought it would take longer to reach middle age than what it has. I celebrated my last day being 50 by target shooting and going for a 5 mile hike. All in all – it was a good day!
My spare time has been spent playing with my camera. I've given light painting a try and I've found it to be a fun, creative outlet for ridding myself of the day's stress. Below are a couple of the photos I've taken.
Back in January, I started an exercise program through work. Tomorrow begins week 13 of the 14 week challenge. At the beginning of the program, I had to choose some motivational quotes that would inspire me along my journey. One of the motivational quotes I chose was:
Three months from now, you will thank yourself.
(I looked but couldn't find the author of the quote.)
It's been 3 months – and I'm so thankful for the changes in my life. Life is so much more fulfilling when you are taking advantage of your time instead of letting it drift away.
There's more hiking, target practice and camera time on the calendar and much less time in front of the television.
Here's wishing you lots of living! Have a great week!
P.S. Less television also means more reading time. I'm a huge fan of YA novels. Recently finished John Mantooth's – The Year of the Storm. It's got a bit of a Southern Gothic feel. A little different from my usual reads but really good.
Photography – My Work in Progress
Photography is something I really enjoy. I love trying "new to me" techniques. A couple of weeks ago, I tried my hand at light painting. This week, I worked on HDR Photography. As I live in a rural area, I decided to focus on what is around me – which is a lot of water. In the near future, I'd love to drive to Wilmington, NC and try this in the downtown area.
So here's a couple of my first week's attempts:
Gotta love spring time weather in February – nothing better than getting outside and enjoying the warmth!
Here's wishing you a wonderful week!


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Auvergne - France
|In the heart of France, summer and winter alike, the country of the volcanoes presents to the traveler numerous aspects: volcanoes, bocages, forests, valleys, lakes and rivers, or still thermal springs. Auvergne has only an important city, Clermont-Ferrand. The black city, constructed in lava stone, is for more than a century the fief of the world producer of tires: Michelin.


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Vietnam Airlines President and CEO, Dr. Pham Ngoc Minh (left), and Jetstar Group CEO, Mr Bruce Buchanan, at the signing of
the partnership agreement on Jetstar Pacific.
The national flag carrier, Vietnam Airlines, will take the majority share in Jetstar Pacific, currently held by the Vietnamese State Capital Investment Corporation (SCIC) under the decision No 94/QĐ –TTg dated January 16, 2012 of the Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung.
Under the cooperation arrangement signed in Hanoi on February 21, Vietnam Airlines will hold 69.93 percent of the low-cost carrier, while the Australian Qantas Group, owns 27 percent.
Separately, the Qantas Group's existing 27 per cent share in Jetstar Pacific has now increased to 30 per cent in-line with long-term commitments.
The new partnership with Vietnam Airlines would represent an extension of the dual brand strategy pioneered by Qantas and Jetstar, in one of the world's fastest growing aviation markets, as well as brings together the proven low cost model of Jetstar with the unique local knowledge and its existing networks.
"According to Vietnam travel agency, It would strengthen Jetstar Pacific's ability to create new travel demand in the third most populous nation in Southeast Asia. Across Asia, we are seeing the positive impacts of introducing a new generation of customers to air travel, including Vietnam where the penetration of low cost carriers is still relatively low", said Chief Executive of the Jetstar Group, Bruce Buchanan.
Jetstar Pacific will receive an initial capital injection of 25 million AUD, including 7.5 million AUD from the Qantas Group. This will be directed towards fleet renewal, with the carrier's current Boeing 737s replaced with new A320s from mid-2012. Moreover, the shareholders support Jetstar Pacific's fleet to grow to 15 A320s within the next few years.
Formerly known as Jetstar Airlines with five Boeing B737-400 and two Airbus A320-200s aircrafts, It operates almost 150 services a week to seven destinations within the nation including Da Nang, Hanoi, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City, Hue, Nha Trang, and Vinh; and connects with Jetstar's international network through flights to Singapore.
According to International Air Transport Association, Vietnam will become the world's second fastest growing aviation market for domestic passengers by 2014.
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Depending on your bodybuilding fitness goals, you're probably taking prohormones to supplement your workouts and your eating plan. These supplements will help you with what you're trying to accomplish, whether it's an increase in strength and size or the burning of fat to give your body the lean shape you desire. A good way to maximize what you're doing is by taking a prohormone stack. Most prohormones work well on their own. But, when you put them together in a stack, your results are more dramatic and impressive. There are three important reasons to use a stack:
Versatile Prohormones
You get a diverse set of prohormones when you buy and take them through a stack. If you're focusing on building muscle mass, you get to do it with two or three different supplements instead of just one. Or, you can combine a strength building product with a fat burning supplement. Your list of potential accomplishments grows exponentially because you're using a number of different products that were put together for a reasons. These stacks are chosen for the way the prohormones work together.
Faster Results
A major reason to use a stack is that you get results a lot faster. While using a single prohormone will deliver within weeks, you'll see changes in your body almost immediately with a stack. You'll also feel a difference; your energy levels will increase, and your mental preparedness with be sharper. Whether you're an athlete, a professional bodybuilder, or an amateur who wants to work harder and faster – the right stack will elevate your performance to new levels.
Comprehensive Approach to Fitness
Finally, you get to take a holistic and comprehensive approach to your fitness plans when you try best prohormone stack. You aren't limiting yourself to one single area of growth. Instead, you're tackling several different goals with one program. Whether you're on a bulking cycle, a cutting cycle, or you're simply trying to integrate your fat burning process with an increase in stamina and strength – these prohormones will deliver in a more complete way when you take them together.
There are dozens of additional reasons to commit to a prohormone stack. You'll make a lot of bigger moves and find your results are more noticeable. If you need help choosing a stack, spend sometime educating yourself on the different products. There are stacks for every cycle, and you'll find one that fits your needs perfectly.


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We stood, gathered in a church courtyard. There were about 30 of us standing around a plot of ivy covered ground. A hole in the dirt is waiting for the ashes of my big sister, Kay. We were her family gathered from around North America to honor a woman who had blessed so many. Her husband, David, had asked me to say a few words on behalf of the family. How do you sum up the life of one who has lived a rich and full life?
As I stood and looked out on the gathered family, I realized that words could not do what the community who encircled her ashes did by its very presence. There before me were people with northern European heritage, African heritage, Native American heritage, Vietnamese heritage, Guatemalan heritage. They were all in Kay's family. We had come from Vancouver BC, Vermont, Rhode Island, New York City, Virginia, Indiana, Southern California, South Dakota, Kentucky, Alabama, Texas, Illinois, Ohio.
And we who were gathered were from every walk of life: grocery clerk, chef, teachers, business women and men, unemployed, nurses, professionals of all kinds. Some of us had multiple degrees, others had wisdom learned on the streets. Some lived with physical challenges, others with emotional complexities. Some were gifted in speech, others in music, others in compassion, others in empathic presence. All of us were there together, in all our diversity, because we were loved by Kay and we loved her.
What more needs to be said. Kay and Dave lived a life of generous hospitality. They always made room for more. Their family expanded the longer they lived, opening to people who were seeking home. There was always more room in Kay's heart even if she didn't have any more room in her home. Kay and Dave grew a global family and discovered the challenges and gifts of creative diversity.
It seems to me that the world needs more people like my sister Kay and her husband Dave. If we are going to learn to live together in this shrinking planet, we have to become family where all are honored whether they are like us are very different. As I say good-bye to my big sister, I say "Thank you Kay, for allowing me to see in you and Dave a taste of the reign of God. May your spirit infect us that we too might honor all as you did."