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Ok, so I went along to my first open mic night on Monday and after ten pretty reasonable musical acts (and a questionable 70 year old man rapping), there was one comedy act.
Unfortunately, the audience felt that the 'comedy' area of the act was somewhat lacking. I'm not so sure it wasn't just a lack of stage presence and impact (which could be easily solved) but hey, at the end of the day, your audience are the group you have to please!
So what other tips for stand up comedy tip I pick up from attending this open mic and witnessing an unfortunate stand-up 'bomb'?
1. At an open mic night you often won't be the centre of many people's attention. There will be a lot of background noise which is easily overcome if you are a musician, but not if you are relying on your voice alone. My advice would be to get on stage early before this background noise gets louder (generally due to alcohol!).
If you do have to go on with a lot of background noise present, open with impact (a great joke or some real vocal variety and presence) to get everyone's attention.
2. My second piece of advice would focus on keeping your audience attention. With the background noise and various other distractions, you need to keep your audience engaged (as with any public speaking). Do this by interacting with the crowd and asking questions of them – perhaps get them involved in your best gag or catchphrase.
3. My final tip would be about getting your audience onside – something all comedians aspire to. For an open mic night, I've found that the only thing that you and your audience likely have in common is your shared experience of the previous acts (good and bad). Why not make reference to a shared observation or piece of humour from a a previous act to quickly get your audience on side?
Has this experience of an open mic night put me off getting up there myself? Nope, it's terrified me, seeing someone bomb, but if anything it has made me more motivated to get up there and do it myself!
Latest posts by Rich (see all)
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- The student skills gap – my view: presentation skills - July 1, 2014


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Due to the retinol ACE ingredient, would this be considered safe to use for pregnant women?
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Date published: 2019-01-22
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- bvseo_sdk, dw_cartridge, 16.1.1, p_sdk_3.2.0
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- reviews, product

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The naked and the dead miler
The Naked and the Dead is a novel by Norman Mailer. It was partly based on his experiences with the th Cavalry Regiment during the Philippines.
Complete summary of Norman Mailer's The Naked and the Dead. the beach of Anopopei, an mile-long South Pacific island held by the Japanese army.
The Naked and the Dead
Hi guys Tammy Age: 35. Any day or night, With notice!I appeal to strong, dominant and vulgar men (russian,turkish,blacks-the most).
After The Naked and the Dead, Mailer earned more praise for his nonfiction. In the following essay, Miller delineates social and political themes in Mailer's.
Media Adaptations
The Naked and the Dead | www.migrations-sante.eu
My name Chloe Age: 29. Milady has gained an incredible insight into the male psyche and you will be delighted with the outcome from a woman who knows how to take control, relishes the experience (power) and is certainly not for the faint hearted! With a wide selection of PVC, Rubber, Latex and Leather outfits and also equipment such as restraints and toys to deliver sensual pleasureHallo ! Mein Name ist MeryI have slim sexy figure and perfect tits.Fresh and ready to cum see you
Description:Share via Email In the matter of The Naked and the Dead our duty as liberal and educated people is clear. If it comes to a showdown we stand by Norman Mailer. His book is tremendously good, and perhaps better than that.
Views: 3590 Date: 2018-03-30 Favorited: 33
User Comments 4
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text:
15 - 20 June, Hannover/Germany
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Stored items


text:
MISSOULA – Students from 21 Montana and Idaho high schools will participate in the 53rd annual Montana Model United Nations Conference on Monday and Tuesday, Nov. 19-20, at the University of Montana.
At the conference, 312 students will represent 110 of the United Nations' 193 member states, debating and writing resolutions addressing important international issues.
Students will participate on one of five U.N. committees: the Security Council, International Organization for Migration, General Assembly First Committee (disarmament and security), General Assembly Second Committee (economic and financial) and General Assembly Third Committee (social and humanitarian).
Each committee is staffed by a team of UM students from Adjunct Professor Eva-Maria Maggi's Model United Nations class, a service-learning course offered by the Department of Political Science.
Events begin at 8:30 a.m. Monday with opening ceremonies in the North Ballroom of the University Center. All events are free and open to the public. During opening ceremonies, Dr. Anna Conley will deliver a keynote address titled "Why Multilateralism is Essential for the United States."
Conley is a civil deputy in the Missoula County Attorney's Office in Missoula and an adjunct professor in UM's Department of Political Science. She holds a Juris Doctor from the George Washington Law School and an LL.M. and Doctor of Civil Laws from the McGill University Faculty of Law.
Conley has participated in rule of law initiatives in Vietnam on criminal defendants' rights, freedom of assembly and access to justice. She recently traveled to Kyiv, Ukraine, to present public talks, media interviews and seminars regarding U.S. constitutional law, safeguards against judicial corruption in the U.S., judicial power in the U.S. and U.S. teaching methods. Conley has published extensively in international, comparative and constitutional law.
Students will work on the third floor of the University Center. They will meet in committees from late Monday morning through Tuesday afternoon. On Tuesday afternoon, each committee will have a UM faculty guest speaker.
At 7:15 p.m. Monday, students will participate in an international trivia game led by UM political science Associate Professor Abhishek Chatterjee.
Closing ceremonies will be held from 2 to 4:45 p.m. Tuesday in the UC North Ballroom. During the awards ceremony, high school delegates, schools and conference staff will be honored. Twenty-five high school seniors will be named Top Seniors, and five seniors will be awarded scholarships to attend UM.
The Montana Model United Nations Conference is funded by school and delegate fees, as well as contributions from the UM Office of the President, College of Humanities and Sciences, Department of Political Science, Enrollment and Strategic Communications and Associated Students of UM.
For more information, including committee topics, faculty guest speakers and participating high schools, see the Delegate Handbook posted on the MMUN website at http://hs.umt.edu/mun/hs-conference/default.php or email Maggi at email@example.com


text:
Date: February 23, 2017 to February 26, 2017
Where: Epcot Theme Park, 200 Epcot Center Dr, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, United States, 32821
Phone: N/A
Event Type: Sports & Recreation
Ticket Price: N/A
Here's your chance to join the Disney Princesses in a 'dream come true' weekend of majestic runs in the most magical place on earth. It's all happening during the Disney Princess Half Marathon Weekend and girls and women of all ages are invited to join the royal celebration! Plus you'll take home an exclusive Finisher Medal celebrating Disney Princess Half Marathon Weekend presented by Children's Miracle Network Hospitals. Best of all, your favorite Disney Princesses will cheer you on your way!


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In Mosul, Iraq, the United Nations Children's Fund, UNICEF, is appealing for $17 million to rebuild the city's healthcare system, which was left devastated last year after the U.S.-led coalition battled for over nine months to capture the city from the self-proclaimed Islamic State. This is UNICEF's Iraq representative, Peter Hawkins.
Peter Hawkins: "This city, this is part of the hospital as we see it today. It was completely flattened. There are parts of the hospital that remain more or less intact, but gutted. Nothing. No health services for the children of Mosul, a population now of probably about 1.6 million."
An AP investigation found as many as 11,000 civilians were killed in the U.S.-led coalition's assault on Mosul.


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Simulation of Polygeneration Systems
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Enrico Sciubba
Energies 2016, 9(11), 925; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9110925
Received: 1 November 2016 / Revised: 3 November 2016 / Accepted: 3 November 2016 / Published: 8 November 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation of Polygeneration Systems)
AbstractThis Special Issue aims at collecting the recent studies dealing with polygeneration systems, with a special focus on the possible integration of different technologies into a single system, able to convert one or multiple energy sources into energy services (electricity, heat and cooling) and other useful products (e.g., desalinized water, hydrogen, glycerin, ammonia, etc.). Renewable sources (solar, wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal), as well as fossil fuels, feeding advanced energy systems such as fuel cells and cogeneration systems, are considered. Special attention is paid to control strategies and to the management of the systems in general. Studies including thermoeconomic analyses and system optimizations are presented. View Full-Text
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
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Calise, F.; Dentice D'Accadia, M. Simulation of Polygeneration Systems. Energies 2016, 9, 925.
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Calise F, Dentice D'Accadia M. Simulation of Polygeneration Systems. Energies. 2016; 9(11):925.Chicago/Turabian Style
Calise, Francesco; Dentice D'Accadia, Massimo. 2016. "Simulation of Polygeneration Systems." Energies 9, no. 11: 925.
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Consider the effort to advertise value through advanced placement courses. For many, reformers tried to use the system as a handle for giving under-served learners an excellent acceptance edge. After all, in the last years of the last millennium, institutions seemed positive on learners with AP programs on their transcripts. But most AP programs were administered at private and suburban academic institutions. Consequently, reformers desired to improve their advanced placement course programs, knowing they could level the playing field by offering equivalent access to an elite product. Yet, the development of the AP Program did not advertise real equality between the academic haves and have-nots. Because once the AP Program achieved critical mass, it lost its performance as a sign of difference. Soon, ratings of institutions (Dartmouth being the latest) improved their guidelines around giving credit for AP training or favoring it in acceptance opinions. And eventually, top level suburban and private academic institutions started to drop the system, saying it's obsolete, overly-restrictive, and too focused toward multiple choice assessments.
Consider now the recent move by the College Board to recover curricular importance and rigor to the AP product. Taking seriously the charge that advanced placement courses were no longer in line with educating methods in higher education, the College Board has redeveloped the system. The new program will motivate more work in technology laboratories and less parroting back of treatments, more work on traditional thinking and less recall skills of traditional details. That all appears to be very good. But it will do little to improve learning and educating, especially at academic institutions with low-levels of educational and management potential.
To be clear, these are excellent improvements and programs like advanced placement courses should continue to be enhanced and improved. But they will not take care of the further issues that impact academic quality and opportunity in the United States.


text:
ACT CommoditiesTrading
About ACT Commodities
Hello, we are ACT. The global leader in trading environmental commodities. We're not your typical financial company. We shook up the world of commodity trading when we entered the market in 2009, and now we want to shake up your career with an offer you can't refuse: a personally tailored traineeship and the chance to become a successful Sales Trader. All you need to offer is your talent, ambition and the right amount of flair. If you... Read more
Working at ACT Commodities
Trading Traineeship
At ACT Commodities we believe that investing in raw talent benefits everyone long term. Therefore, all of our new sales traders participate in a personalized Traineeship program. The Traineeship teaches you the knowledge and skills necessary to build a successful trading business. If you succeed, we succeed. From day one we go the extra mile to ensure that success happens throughout your career at ACT Commodities.
Want to know... Read more


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In POS Security: Lessons for Every Business Employing Such Systems we show how important it is for a retailer or any type of business processing credit card payments to fully understand how POS systems work and the security risks.
In this article, we'll cover POS attack vectors and ways to detect and even prevent them. There are several ways someone may attack a POS, and we'll analyze them one by one.
1. Attack on the POS device
This attack requires physical or Internet access to the POS.
1.1. Attacks on specialized devices
For specialized devices, the attacker could replace the existing firmware with malicious firmware. Once the credit card transaction is processed, it will store a copy of the credit card information. Then this data could be uploaded to a remote server or copied to the local storage.Such attacks require physical access to the device and, in some cases, disassembling the device. It could also be done by replacing the device altogether. Of course, such attacks could only be performed by the personnel having the required access and tools – service personnel, in most cases.
Firmware is another minor issue. While it requires a lot of skill to retrieve and modify existing firmware, and find a way to upload it, there are a number of black market hacker groups offering such "services" for a fee, or for a share of "profits". This typically means that certain percentage of the retrieved credit card numbers is kept by the hackers providing the modified firmware as payment for their "services". Some groups even offer a turn-key service, such as "install our firmware and get paid". This approach is even more dangerous as it lures people with a continuous flow of "easy money" for a one-time job. Of course, nothing would prevent those criminals from going back on their promise – after all, it is unlikely this kind of agreement would be enforced by the court. Also, the hacker may prevent the standard way of updating or restoring the original firmware. As a consequence, it would prevent the service worker to get rid of it without exposing themself to the crime.
New smartcard POS readers come with additional risks. The newer readers can be reprogrammed to copy the collected credit card information and transfer it into the chip of a special credit card. This way the POS does not expose any illegitimate traffic, and may be completely impossible to diagnose.
1.2. Attacks computers running POS software
Attacking computers is much easier than attacking specialized devices. After all, malware writers have been doing this for over twenty years now, and have developed significant experience. This experience could be used to break into the POS machine, infect it, connect to the remote server, and send the data to it. The only new experience needed is to access the actual credit card information.
Most malware use simple memory scraping to steal credit card information. It appears that most POS software reads the credit card tracks into memory and stores it unencrypted for long enough time. This allows the malware, running in the separate process, access the memory of the POS process, and retrieve the credit card numbers. Since this involves no modification of the original process, this activity will likely go unnoticed for really long time.It is also possible to patch the processing software, or even completely replace it with different software. Since the POS software is just an application running on a computer, typically with no hardening or verification, this is easy to do. This would allow the attackers to implement any functionality they want, such as: processing certain fake cards, issuing fake receipts that could be used to obtain refunds for non-purchased merchandize, and asking the customer additional "verification" questions such as date of birth, social security number, or zip code. This is difficult to achieve for a hackers attacking generic POS, since each POS device has a different user interface and functionality. But if the attackers target a specific store running a single, uniform version of the software, it can be done.
The same approach can apply to specialized devices. Dedicated malware applications are available on the black market and could be purchased and modified as needed. There are ready-to-use binaries that are available to people who can install them on POS machines for a share of profit. This means that, for example, criminals can infect the POS even without possessing any technical knowledge about how to write malware, or how to monetize the stolen credit card data.
Download whitepaper to learn detection and prevention methods for these types of attacks.
2. Attacks on the communication between the POS and the acquirer
Instead of breaking into the POS device or devices, the attackers can target the network connection between the POS and the acquirer. This attack typically requires physical access to the POS network or network control infrastructure, but it does not require access to the actual POS devices.If the encryption protocol is not implemented properly (or, worse, not implemented at all), the attacker can get the credit card data right off the wire, without breaking into or modifying anything. In the worst case, the POS connects to the Internet through Wi-Fi, so not only the data is being sent unencrypted, but it is also being sent over the air, making it available to anyone with a Wi-Fi traffic sniffer.
Obviously, this is a borderline case and most (hopefully all) vendors do not make it that simple for hackers. Even vendors implementing proper security measures may be in danger. While the security measures were effective at the time of implementation time, the advances in cryptanalysis and the exploits found in secure communication protocols since the installation can make them ineffective. For example, several major security flaws were recently found in a very popular open-source security library OpenSSL.
These would allow an attacker to compromise the traffic encryption keys and therefore use a sniffer on an otherwise secure connection.The main danger of this attack is that it can go unnoticed for long time. It can survive POS software upgrades and even device upgrades, unless the new software uses a completely different encryption scheme. Also, it does not require access to actual POS devices, and therefore may be performed by someone visiting the store – even by customers who can plug a small computer into an available Ethernet socket connected to the local network. The specialized malware could be obtained from cybercriminal network.
A subset of this attack could also be performed through the technology called DNS spoofing, when the hacker replaces the acquirer IP server address with the address of a rogue server. This would essentially force the POS software to communicate with the rogue server instead of the acquirer, which would then allow – if the encryption is broken – to spoof credit card data, or even replace the authorization responses. The danger is that it doesn't even require the attackers to be in the same country as their target! If the POS speaks a known or reverse-engineered protocol, connects to the server by its domain name, and does not authenticate the server, all the attacker needs to do is to replace the DNS entry for the acquirer server, and set up the proxy, which could be somewhere in a remote country where the computer crimes committed by its citizens in foreign states are rarely prosecuted.
Another attack could be performed on phone-based POS devices through a special device emulating the phone line, and dialing a different number when the device tries to dial the acquirer. The software on the opposite side acts as man-in-the-middle, snoops or modifies the traffic. Encryption seems to be rare for phone-based POS, so the attacker usually gets raw data.
Download whitepaper to learn detection and prevention methods for this type of attacks.
3. Attacks on the acquirer server
A much less common, but still possible, is an attack on the acquirer's processing server. The obvious benefits here are that the server is processing transactions from a large number of merchants. This would allow the attackers to access credit card information from not only one merchant, but several, without coming even close to their premises.Those attacks however are much harder to perform, because the processing companies are typically better at security than retail shops. So those servers are much more likely to run up-to-date software, and be periodically checked for breaches and protected by the quality security solutions and appliances.
Want to learn more about POS attacks and ways to protect against them?


text:
(Source: Bauer Griffin)
Teri Hatcher (born December 8, 1964) is an award-winning American actress known for her role as Lois Lane in the television series "Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman." Hatcher also gained recognition for her portrayal of Susan Mayer in the series "Desperate Housewives." Check out articles, videos, and pictures of Hatcher here.


text:
Part 269 - Start
Today we start a new project. Project Kitchen Sink.
I ripped the sink out of the wall. I cut holes and gouges and pieces out of the cabinets. I tore the cabinets off the wall. I demoed. I'm tired beyond remembrance.
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- Jeremy Nicholls (Social Value International)
- Ross Wyatt Think Impact
- David Bonbright Keystone Accountability
- Dr Adam Richards Social Value UK Sprint Project
- Seda Müftügil Yalçin KUSIF
- What are the risks that your social impact won't happen?
- How can we balance the tension between top down and bottom up impact data?
- How can stakeholders voice be included in the investment due diligence process?
- How does involving stakeholders increase the credibility of your data?
- How can you better communicate your impact to different groups?
- What happens when stakeholders own the resources and make the decisions?
- What does stakeholder voice mean for environmental impact?
- How can corporates and third sector partners collaborate?
- Stopping, scaling or changing your activities.
- Maximising Value – Implications of different stakeholders
- Understanding the value of different outcomes using the Value Game
- Introduction to social impact
- The impact management project huddle
- Impact management in immigration
- Impact management in youth
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The University of Mississippi
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Finding-Aid for the Marvin Black PR Collection (MUM00523)
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Table of Contents
Descriptive Summary
Scope and Contents Note
Container List
Descriptive Summary
University of Mississippi
Marvin Black PR Collection.
Inclusive Dates:
Materials in:
Collection contains various articles and publications mainly related to the University of Mississippi. Items were created 1955-1961.
3 boxes.
Repository :
The University of Mississippi
J.D. Williams Library
Department of Archives and Special Collections
P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
Phone: 662.915.7408
Fax: 662.915.5734
Cite as:
Marvin Black PR Collection (MUM00523). The Department of Archives and Special Collections, J.D. Williams Library, The University of Mississippi.
Scope and Contents Note
Collection contains various articles and publications mainly related to the University of Mississippi. Items were created 1955-1961.
Access Restrictions
Use Restriction
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship or research." If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use", that user may be liable for copyright infringement.
Index Terms
University of Mississippi -- History
Container List
Inventory of Marvin Black P. R. Collection
Folder, "Anniversary Stuff," 1959-1960.
Folder, "Archaeology-Mylonas...," N/D
Folder, "Art," 1959
Folder, "Background Stories, Series on 'Ole Miss Chancellors Through the Years," 1959
Folder, "Biology," 1956-1957
Folder, "Background Stories II," Contains three folders: Church Activities (Two), and Blue Shirt Boys Plannng. Misc. papers in main folder.
Folder, "Background-Southernaire"
Folder, "Business [?]," Industry in Mississippi
Folder, "Blue Shirt Project"
Folder, "Chemistry"
Loose Papers, 17 July 1961
Folder, "Classics Department," 1955, 1957, 1959
Folder, "English Department," 1959
Folder, "Faculty Club," N/D
Folder, "TVA Engineering," 1956, includes photographs
Folder, "Engineering School," 1955, 1957, 1958, 1959
Folder, "Education, School of," 1958, 1960
Folder, "Miss America," 1960
Folder, "University Scholars," 1955, 1958
Folder, "Soil Erosion Research," 1959
Folder, "Sociology and Anthropology," 1958
Folder, "Student Govbernment," 1959
Folder, "Sedementation Lab," 1959
Folder, "R.O.T.C." 8/4 no year
Folder, "Public Administration," 1959, 1960
Folder, "Visiting Lectures Public Relations," 1952, 1953, 1956, 1959
Folder, "Big Business P.R. Directors Questions about case Histories and Lectures," 1957
Folder, "Regional Education Board," 1959-1960
Folder, "More SREB [Southern Regional Eduction Board] Publications," 1959-1960
Booklet, Research and the Future of the South, 1959
Folder, "Journalism Controls [?]," 1959
Folder, "Journalism Guyton Thesis," 1959
Folder, "Law School and LQC Lamar," 1954, 1956
Folder, "SREB [Southern Regional Education Board] Publications," 1960
Newsletter, Regional Action, October 1959
Booklet, University Research: What It Means to the South, Southern Regional Eduction Board, October 1959
Speech, Dr. Robert C. Anderson to the American College Public Relations Association, 2 November 1959
Folder, "SREB [Southern Regional Education Board] Suggestions in Atlanta," 1959
Folder, "Southern Regional Education Background," Atlanta, Georga meeting, 28-29 September 1959
Folder, "Liberal Arts"
Folder, Mathematics," June 1959
Folder, "ACPRA [American College Public Relations Association] Summary Public Relations Directors," 1948, 1950
Folder, "Association of State Universities," 1958
Folder, "ACPRA [American College Public Relations Association] ?" 1957-1958
Folder, "ACPRA [American College Public Realtions Association]
Newsletter 1956," contents dated 1960
Folder, "ACPRA [American College Public Relations Association] IX P.R. Comcepts," Letters, 1960 speech "Some Thuoghts on the Public Relations Concept" by Dr. Black
Folder, "ACPRA [American College Public Relations Association] Membership I," Correspondance 1959, 1960
Folder, "ACPRA Membership II," Correspondance and Program 1960
Folder, "ACPRA Development Questions," correspondance, 1958
Folder, "P.R. Facets at Ole MIss," 1954, 1958
Folder, "ACPRA Research Reports Special Projects," 1956
Folder, "AACTE Charts For Public Relatons-Correspondance," 1953, 1954
Folder, "Journalism," 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960
Folder, "Public Administration," 1959, 1960
Folder, "ACPRA University Development," correspondance, article, 1950, 1953, 1954
Folder, "Psychology," 1958
Folder, "Physics," 1960
Folder, "Political Science," 1959
Folder, "Pharmacy Features," 1955-1958
Folder, "Music," August 1957
Folder, "Mississippi Magic," 1957
Folder, "Mississippi Room Anneversary," 1958
Folder, "Misssissippi Room [?]" 1956, 1959
Folder, "Home Economics," 1958
Folder, "Extension Department," Ole Miss band overseas
Folder, "Geology," 1959
Folder, "Graduate School," 1958, 1959
Folder, "Universty Extension Folder on Services," 1956
Folder, "History (1959)," 1959
Folder, "Commerce an dPUblic Administration," 1958
Folder, "Corporations and Institutions," 1959
Folder, "Counseling, Pre-College Program," 1956
Folder, "SREB [Southern Regional Education Board] Research," newspapers 1959, 1960


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- Ants
- Bees
- Beetles
- Centipedes and Millipedes
- Cockroaches
- Crickets
- Flies
- Mosquito
- Occasional Invaders
- Rodents
- Spiders
- Termites
- Parasitic
- Bed Bugs
- Wasps
- Nuisance Birds
- Stored Product Pests
How to Identify Cat & Dog Fleas
Fleas are small, wingless insects that are flattened from side to side. These insects are usually found buried in the hair, next to the skin of mammals. When infestations are large, adult Fleas may be found in carpeting and around pet resting areas. Fleas are covered with many spines and bristles that project backwards. The spines are positioned to keep the Flea from being removed from its host during grooming. Adult Fleas have piercing-sucking mouthparts they use to feed on blood from their host.
The most common Flea is the cat Flea, although this Flea mostly infests dogs and cats. Fleas can be detected on pets by rubbing animal fur backwards and looking for their presence next to the skin. Bites on both pets and humans is an indication of a Flea infestation.
Fleas are medically important insects. The most serious human disease transmitted by biting Fleas is Bubonic Plague, which reportedly killed 25,000,000 people in the Middle Ages.
Other diseases include typhus. Flea Allergy Dermatitis is also a problem with pets. The presence of Fleas on pets may cause allergic reactions on the animal and lead to an overall unhealthy appearance.
A homeowner can perform several simple techniques to prevent infestations:
• Wash the pet's blanket, rugs, and pet carrier. Vacuum pet sleeping and resting areas thoroughly to help remove Flea eggs, larvae, and adult Fleas.
• Regularly wash your pet to remove the adult Fleas.
• To prevent Fleas from maturing into biting adults, use an IGR (Insect Growth Regulator) preventive treatment by a Cook's professional.
A professional treatment is the best way to control fleas in a given area. Cook's Pest Control offers professional treatment for the control of fleas. Our technicians are thoroughly trained to address your flea problems.
Don't waste time and money on over-the-counter remedies or unprofessional service. Call Cook's, the South's reliable pest control service. We provide free pest identification and free evaluations with no obligation!
About Fleas
- The main source of a flea infestation is the family pet.
- These small, wingless pests can actually jump relatively long distances.
- Flea bites can cause red, itchy marks – both on pets and humans.


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Why You Don't Do Yoga (But Should Anyway)
I talk about yoga. A lot. To yogis and non-yogis alike. I talk about yoga like other people talk about snowboarding or skateboarding. You know, the 'bro' talk, but more girl-ish.
What I've found through my incessant chatter is that I've noticed some alarmingly repetitive statements from people who have spent little or no time with this several thousand year old practice.
"I want to try yoga, but I'm so inflexible."
"I tried it once, but the teacher made me feel like I wasn't good enough."
"I'm bad at yoga."
Allow me to take each of these in turn…
1) "I'm not flexible."
Most people in this world are not flexible. We sit in cars, in restaurants, on trains, on our couches, at desks. We walk and bike and maybe do some other active things. How often do we stretch? Not nearly as frequently as we should.
Most people, by force of culture and habit, are not flexible.
Let me tell you that I'm more flexible NOW, at 29 years old, after 4 years of yoga than I was at 15 after 10 years of dance and gymnastics.
And you know what is more flexible than my body? My MIND. Because that's what yoga does WITHOUT YOU EVEN KNOWING IT.
BAM. Two for the price of one, baby.
2) "I tried it, but the teacher made me feel bad."
This one breaks my heart for so many reasons. I can't believe how many times I've heard people say it was an instructor that turned them off by throwing an attitude of superiority or impatience. I would like to have words with these particular yogis.
About the fact that you've now just turned someone away from yoga because of your ego. Your EGO. That thing you're supposed to deflate through the practice of yoga.
There is a WHOLE LOTTA ego in the Western world which unfortunately affects the yoga industry, as well.
My advice here? Try again. There are so many amazing instructors who are wonderful with beginner yogis. Do a little googling to find one in your area. The studio I frequent most in Portland, YoYoYogi, has 'Yoga Virgins' and 'Rockin' the Basics' for newbies. Look for classes geared to Level 1-2.
3) "I'm bad at yoga."
Guess what? We're ALL bad at yoga. As one instructor likes to say, "for every pose I can do, somewhere someone is doing a pose I CAN'T do."
For awhile I thought I was GOOD at yoga: balanced and focused, stretchy and strong. Then I realized my shoulders have zero range of motion. And my knees and hips started to feel a bit too loosey goosey. And excuse me, but there are THREE separate series of Ashtanga?
And then there's the battle of the brain monkey. For every second my mind quiets down to a sea of calm (a rarity), there is an hour (or five) of background radio telling me all sorts of things. But, after awhile, you start to realize the incessant chatter is never going away completely. All you can do is learn to watch those thoughts come and go.
This is why yoga is referred to as a 'practice.' It's a lifetime of learning. And it's addictive.
The good news is that we're actually all good at yoga, too.
For simply coming to the mat.
For taking time to *attempt* to clear our thoughts and focus on our bodies.
For taking a step back when our joints get too stretched out rather than pushing forward and hurting ourselves (which unfortunately does happen when that ego thing gets in the way).
Mostly importantly, for recognizing there is no good or bad place to be in terms of a yoga practice, there only is wherever you are. And it's the perfect place to be.
(Photo above of the ever lovely Jill Knouse in Reverse Warrior.)


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Earlier this week, I visited The Huntsman of Brockenhurst for dinner. It was my first time visiting the pub (and Brockenhurst for that matter!) and it was a really lovely evening. I'm looking forward to returning in the summer!
I was kindly invited along to taste their new Spring menu – which you can see here. Everything was so good. Let me show you!
First up – the decor. Everywhere you look is a beautifully decorated part of the restaurant. Copper details, vintage light bulbs and wooden clad walls all create a wonderfully cosy atmosphere.
The Huntsman have a pretty extensive cocktail menu, but we ended up choosing the cocktail of the week – The Laverstoke. Ginger Beer is one of my favourite drinks, so adding gin into the mix is a yes from me!
The menu is full of delicious sounding choices, so it took us a while to choose our starters, let along our mains! The first starter we opted for was fresh, light and colourful. Marinated buffalo mozzarella, asparagus, peas, broad beans, mint, lemon and olive oil dressing – the perfect combination for Spring.
The second starter we chose was the ham & mustard scotch egg, which was really, really delicious! Warm and complete with a runny yolk, I'd highly recommend ordering this one.
Bex (my lovely companion for the evening) chose ale-battered fish and chips for her main, which looked very tasty – complete with mushy peas and homemade tartare sauce. A British classic and always a winner!
I chose the pan-fried hake, with tomato & red pepper salsa and buttered crushed new potatoes. It was really, really delicious and a perfectly sized portion – not too big and not too small.
We couldn't resist ordering a couple of sides – creamed spinach and sweet potato fries. Both were tasty and I wouldn't hesitate to order either again.
The Huntsman houses a rather cool secret – an old-fashioned skittles lane. As soon as we found out about this, we couldn't resist playing a few games!
The skittles lane is in a pub area which is separate from the main restaurant – and has the same amazing decor throughout. Just have a look!
After several games, we had a winner – Bex took the match, and we had an absolutely brilliant time! The Huntsman would be the perfect place to spend a leisurely summer afternoon – with drinks in their large garden and a few games of skittles. I can't think of anything better!
On to dessert – although we were very full by this point! I chose the buttermilk pannacotta, with freeze dried raspberries and raspberry sorbet. The sorbet was the best I've ever tasted, tart and refreshing, and the pannacotta was light and creamy. All in all, a really lovely dessert and one I'd have again in a heartbeat!
Bex chose the giant profiterole, filled with salted caramel and topped with honeycomb and chocolate sauce – as per our waiter's recommendation. The salted caramel filling was surprisingly light and not too sweet.
We had a wonderful evening at The Huntsman of Brockenhurst, and I'm really looking forward to visiting again in the summer!
I'd like to say a huge thank you to the lovely staff at The Huntsman – the staff were so friendly and attentive, and our food was all exceptional.
*I was kindly invited to The Huntsman to experience their new spring menu, but all views are my own*


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At Yearly Meeting 2007, Quakers took a first step towards outlining an Australian Quaker commitment to 'walking softly over the Earth'. This was further discussed at Standing Committee in July 2007, and the authors were asked to bring a Statement on Earthcare which was accepted at Yearly Meeting 2008, as a statement of a Quaker commitment to caring for the Earth.
Earthcare Committee
The Australian Quaker Earthcare Committee currently publishes a quarterly newsletter inviting us all to pray, read, act, and celebrate Earthcare.
Earth Discussion Papers
These Discussion Papers were published by the Quaker Earthcare Committee as part of a series exploring contemporary Quaker thinking on a range of critical environmental issues. The papers were written by a range of authors with expertise in the relevant area.
Australian Religious Response to Climate Change (ARRCC)
A multi-faith network taking action on the most pressing issue of our time. In the face of ecological damage and social injustices, we affirm our love for this planet and its inhabitants and our deep reverence for life.
Regional Meetings
Carry out Earthcare concerns at a local level, and we make public statements.


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Apollo Bebop is a West Coast band formed during the Summer of 2015 in Santa Ana, California. Named after the Greek God of music and the intricately harmonic style of Jazz, the group has aimed to revitalize the appreciation of Jazz music by incorporating it's musicality with classic, yet contemporary, Hip-Hop back beats. The quintet consists of drummer Donovan Cruz, bass and guitar roles alternating between Christopher Trimmer and Dom Cruz, DeAndre Grover on tenor sax, and Brian "Brian to Earth" Gomez as the Emcee.
Despite–or perhaps because of–the vast range of their influences (from John Coltrane to A Tribe Called Quest), Apollo Bebop is best described as a fusion between alternative Jazz and old-school Hip-Hop. A unique combination especially when fronted by the talented lyricist Brian to Earth. Their original music is as sophisticated as their name. In result, the music tends to be complex yet beautiful.
CRUZ'N is the 2nd of 3 singles from Apollo Bebop's upcoming debut album, Still Learnin. This song represents the appreciation of life's journey and "Cruz'n" at your own pace. This second installment has been released on all major digital streaming services i.e., Apple Music, Spotify, SoundCloud, etc. since January 12th, 2018 to support the album release on February 9th, 2018.


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The effect of changing the sequence of refining and enzymatic treatment on the properties of deinked pulp from mixed office waste paper (MOW) was investigated. The sequences included refining before and after enzymatic treatment. Refining was applied for 700 and 1500 revolutions, and the consistency of pulps during enzymatic treatment was 5, 8, and 13%. Enzymatic treatment was applied for 20, 40, and 60 min. After each of the sequences, the deinking stage was the same. When refining was applied after the enzymatic treatment, the freeness of pulp was greater than that of the pulp on which refining was conducted before the enzymatic treatment, at a constant refining speed. Better strength properties were produced when refining was carried out before the enzymatic treatment. Also, the results of testing the optical properties of deinked pulp showed that brightness and ERIC improved when refining was carried out before the enzymatic treatment.
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Full Article
Effects of Sequencing Enzyme Application and Refining on DIP Properties Produced From Mixed Office Waste Paper
Mohammad-Ali Hossein,a Mohammad Talaeipour,b,* AmirHooman Hemmasi,b Behzad Bazyar,b and Saeed Mahdavi c
The effect of changing the sequence of refining and enzymatic treatment on the properties of deinked pulp from mixed office waste paper (MOW) was investigated. The sequences included refining before and after enzymatic treatment. Refining was applied for 700 and 1500 revolutions, and the consistency of pulps during enzymatic treatment was 5, 8, and 13%. Enzymatic treatment was applied for 20, 40, and 60 min. After each of the sequences, the deinking stage was the same. When refining was applied after the enzymatic treatment, the freeness of pulp was greater than that of the pulp on which refining was conducted before the enzymatic treatment, at a constant refining speed. Better strength properties were produced when refining was carried out before the enzymatic treatment. Also, the results of testing the optical properties of deinked pulp showed that brightness and ERIC improved when refining was carried out before the enzymatic treatment.
Keywords: Cellulase; Refining; Deinking; ERIC; MOW; Optical properties
Contact Information: a: Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; b: Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; c: Wood & Paper Science Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran; * Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com
Population growth and technological progress, along with an ever-increasing demand for paper on the one hand and significant deforestation and environmental issues on the other hand, necessitate the review and implementation of new and innovative approaches to improve the current processes in the pulp and paper industry.
Refining is a process in which, by applying both mechanical and hydraulic energies, the physical and mechanical properties of pulp are changed. As a result, fibers are influenced by several factors, such as fibrillation, fines production, and fiber shortening as the most pronounced outcomes. External fibrillation involves the separation of fibrils from the fiber surface, which consequently increases the surface area. Internal fibrillation causes the separation of the inner layers of the cell wall, which improves the flexibility of the fibers (Bhardwaj et al. 2007; Ny and Messmer 2007; Talaeipoor 2008). In addition to the positive effects, the refining process also comes with some undesirable outcomes, including fiber shortening as a result of shear forces and an increase in the amount of fines in the pulp, which causes freeness reduction and difficulties in the dewatering of pulp.
Today a large variety of enzymes are used in different sectors of the pulp and paper industry. Bajpai (2010), mentioned that there have been a wide variety of enzymes in use for debarking, pitch control, bio-pulping, bio-bleaching, refining, deinking, sticky control, and waste water treatment. However, changes in recycled fiber characteristics have been the main subject of much research in recent years (Dourado et al. 1999; Pala et al. 2001; Dienes et al. 2004; Dienes 2006; Znidarsie-Plazl et al. 2009; Mayeli and Talaeipour 2010; Lee et al. 2011; Ibarra et al. 2012). The combination of enzymes with the refining process is one of the major applications of enzymes. The enzymes bring about an improvement in the dewatering of pulp. Accordingly, the other studies also support that enzymatic treatment increases the freeness, and, when treated pulps were compared with control pulps, the time to reach the specified freeness was reduced in treated pulps by refining (Eriksson et al. 1998; Garcia et al. 2002; Kim et al. 2006; Gil et al. 2009; Loosvelt 2009; Bajpai 2010; Maximino et al. 2010; Torres et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2013; Cui et al. 2015). Bajpai (2010) and some other scientists addressed the hydrolysis of fines as the reason for the drainage improvement, believing that fines have a high surface area that induces negative effects on the drainage and strength properties of paper. In the enzymatic treatment, fines are hydrolyzed, which later helps to improve the drainage and strength properties of paper. Moreover, the presence of enzymes results in fiber shortening and fibrillation (Znidarsie-Plazl et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2013; Cui et al. 2015).
The above researchers mentioned that by applying enzymatic treatment before refining the drainage will be improved, though almost all of the paper strength and other properties will be decreased. In the above mentioned studies, the authors believed that enzymes had an effect on fiber shortening and fiber fibrillation, and it was assumed that by applying the refining process after the enzymatic treatment these effects may become intensified and influence the quality of the final paper. Hence, in the present research, the refining process was conducted both before and after enzymatic treatment, and the corresponding results were compared for these two approaches in terms of drainage and optical and mechanical properties of the deinked pulp.
The raw material in this study was prepared by Latif Papermaking Company, a producer of tissue in Iran, out of 70% waste office paper and 30% book paper. Pulp samples were produced by soaking for 20 min, followed by repulping performed under constant conditions: a time of 30 min, consistency of 10%, and temperature of 40 °C.
Produced pulp was washed on 80-mesh and 400-mesh screens and divided into two fractions: a long fiber fraction (the fibers which remained on the 80-mesh screen) and a short fiber fraction (the fibers which passed through the 80-mesh screen and remained on the 400-mesh screen). There was also a mixed fraction of pulp that was not washed on the screens. The long fiber fraction was selected for experiments and treated via two methods: an enzymatic treatment with cellulase, then refining before deinking (ERD method), and refining, then an enzymatic treatment with cellulase before deinking (RED method).
Enzymatic Treatment
Commercial Biotouch® C35 was obtained from AB-Enzymes, Darmstadt, Germany. The cellulase enzyme was derived from Trichoderma reesei; its main activity is endo-1,4-ß-D-glucanase. The enzyme activity and treatment temperature were selected as 30 U/g and 60°C, respectively. The temperature selection was according to the enzyme specifications provided by the supplier. For enzyme activity, since various dosage of cellulase enzyme from 1 U/g to 600 U/g have been used by different scientists (Pala et al. 2001; Park et al. 2006; Das et al. 2013; Efrati et al. 2013; Ebner et al.2014; Patil and Dhake 2014), as well as the dosage recommended by the supplier, the authors decided to consider a mean amount of 30 U/g and since this dosage level was identical for all the treatments, it was considered that its effects can be consistently compared. The treatment time were 20, 40, and 60 minutes. The consistencies of treated pulps were 5, 8, and 13%. The treatment pH was adjusted to 5.8, according to the data sheet guidelines (a pH of 5 to 6.5), by 0.25% sulfuric acid.
Refining was conducted by a PFI mill "Model VI- No 513, Manufactured by Hamar Company, Norway" before and after the enzymatic treatment. Refining conditions were a gap of 0.2 mm, 30 g of pulp (oven dry basis), a consistency of 10%, and speeds of 700 and 1500 revolutions.
Deinking was performed on all of the pulps, whether refining was performed before or after the enzymatic treatment. Deinking was performed in a standard laboratory flotation cell, produced by Fan-Azma Industrial Equipment Manufacturing Co, Tehran, Iran, for 10 min at 1% consistency, using 0.5% nonylphenolethoxylate (based on oven-dried weight of pulp) as the surfactant. The process temperature was kept constant at 40 °C. Froth was scraped off manually, and flotation accepts were washed on a 400-mesh screen.
Handsheets were made according to TAPPI standard T 205 (1995) for the evaluation of mechanical strengths, optical properties, and effective residual ink concentration (ERIC) measurement.
Several TAPPI test methods were used for pulp and paper analysis: freeness, TAPPI standard T 227 (1999); tear strength, TAPPI standard T 414 (2004); tensile strength, TAPPI standard T 494 (2001); burst strength, TAPPI standard T 403 (2002); opacity, TAPPI standard T 425 (2006); brightness, TAPPI standard T 452 (2008); and the Kubelka-Munk theory to evaluate the ERIC.
Statistical analysis was used to determine the effect of treatment conditions on the pulp and paper properties using multivariate SPSS analysis. In cases where differences between the treatment averages were observed, Duncan multi-comparison tests were used for ranking the averages.
Freeness and Drainage
The average initial freeness of the pulp was 620 mL before any treatment. The procedures of the ERD and RED methods are presented below.
ERD method
After the enzymatic treatment using the ERD method, the freeness was determined. The effect of consistency in the enzymatic treatment on the freeness of pulp was significant.
Figure 1 depicts the freeness variation at different consistencies. The results shown in this figure are consistent with the results of other studies (Kim et al. 2006; Loosvelt 2009; Znidarsie-Plazlet al. 2009; Bajpai 2010; Torres et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2013; Cui et al. 2015). This Figure shows a similar downward trend at 5% and 8% consistency for different treatment times. The highest freeness of pulp was achieved at 13% consistency. At this consistency, a sharp decline occurred, but, as time increased, the drainage improved.
Fig. 1. Freeness variation at different consistencies and times using the ERD method
After the enzymatic treatment, the refining stage was implemented, and the results are shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. The total trend of treatments using the ERD method on the freeness of treated pulps
In Fig. 2, a sharp decline was observed at 700 revolutions of refining that may be due to the fiber fibrillation. It seems that the enzyme treatment caused a severe fibrillation of the fiber surface. At 1500 revolutions of refining, an unusual pattern was observed: by refining, the degree of freeness increased. It seemed that the influence of the enzyme weakened the fiber cell wall, leading to fiber shortening (Znidarsie-Plazl et al. 2009) at higher revolutions. Thus, more fines were produced, and these passed through the freeness tester mesh (Fig. 3).
Using the ERD method, the deinking stage was implemented after refining, and, at 700 revolutions of refining, the freeness increased slightly. This result could be due to the removal of fiber fines from the pulp at this stage. There was no difference in freeness after the deinking of pulp refined at 1500 revolutions.
Fig. 3. Drained water containing fines and shortened fibers (a) using the ERD method, along with no fines (b) using the RED method
RED method
There was an opposite trend for the RED method: by refining, the freeness decreased (Fig. 4). The next stage in this method was the enzymatic treatment, which also decreased the freeness, possibly due to fiber fibrillation, as mentioned above. The effect of consistency and time on freeness was also significant.
Fig. 4. The total trend of treatments using the RED method on the freeness of treated pulps
According to the above-mentioned description, a decreasing trend was observed using the RED method, but with the ERD method this trend was unusual. After enzymatic treatment and refining, the sum of the freeness reduction was 22.2% and 12% using the ERD and RED methods, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that better drainage was obtained with the RED method.
Mechanical Properties
For all of the mechanical properties (Table 1), somewhat different trends were observed using the two methods. It was observed that the enzymatic treatment stage had an adverse effect on mechanical properties in both sequences, even after severe mechanical shear applied on fibers by refining in RED method. This can be attributed to the removal of secondary fines generated by refining which contribute effectively on paper strength improvement (Hawes and Doshi 1986; Sirvio and Nurminen 2004).
Table 1. Comparison of Mechanical Strength of Handsheets between the ERD and RED Methods
Tear index
Tear index is normally representative of long fibers and a sound cell wall. As long as the fiber cell wall and fiber length are intact, high tear resistance is expected.
Using the ERD method, the application of enzymatic treatment led to decreased tear resistance decreased due to fiber cutting or fiber shortening (Znidarsie-Plazlet al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2013). It was expected that the refining stage would worsen the tear strength, as shown in Table 1, by fiber weakening. In the deinking stage, no significant changes were observed in the tear strength. The tear strength reduction after the RE stages was 15% lower than after the ER stages. After deinking with the RED method, the average amount of tear strength was 28.5% and 21.4 % higher than with the ERD method at 700 and 1500 revolutions of refining, respectively.
Tensile index Tensile strength is an index of fiber bonding. By using a specific amount of enzyme, which varied in different studies (Gil et al. 2009; Bajpai 2010; Ibarra et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2013), a decrease in tensile strength was observed after enzymatic treatment with both the RED and ERD methods. As is noted above in the mentioned studies, with greater enzyme consumption a significant decrease in tensile index was observed. The trends are shown in Table 1. Using the RED method, tensile strength greatly increased after refining (by about 50% on average) but after enzymatic treatment decreased by about 8.2%. With both methods, the effect of deinking did not have a statistically significant influence on tensile strength. Tensile strength increased by about 27.8% with the RED method but only about 4.7% with the ERD method. Thus, the tensile strength with the RED method was nearly six times higher than with the ERD method.
Burst index
Generally, burst strength can be representative of fiber bonding. It is believed that most enzymes lead to an improvement in drainage but a reduction in strength. This idea can be explained by the fact that during enzymatic treatment, the strength of an individual fiber decreases, so, despite internal and external fibrillation, the mechanical properties of paper decrease (Pomieret al. 1989; Jackson et al.1993; Bajpai 2010; Zhang et al. 2013). In this regard, Pala (2009) also claimed that there was no difference between the RED and ERD methods, which is inconsistent with the results obtained in the current study. It is notable that the refining stage in the ERD method caused a burst strength reduction of about 17.6%, but in the RED method it caused an 84% increase in burst index. It seems that applying enzymatic treatment before refining weakened the fiber cell wall, leading to fiber shortening and significantly lowering the strength.
Burst index results revealed that, by using the RED method, this strength was increased by about 10.6% (on average), but, using the ERD method, burst index decreased by about 70% (on average) compared to the control. Thus, it can be concluded that the correct sequence can be very effective on paper properties.
Optical Properties
Some of the optical properties of paper, such as brightness, opacity and ERIC, were determined. In terms of all of these properties, the same trend was observed with both of the methods.
Nearly the same downward trend was observed for opacity with both the RED and ERD methods (Fig. 5.). There was no significant difference between not-deinked and deinked pulp in terms of opacity with the ERD and RED methods.
Opacity reduction after enzymatic treatment with both methods could have been due to cell wall degradation and fines generation. Fibers were ready to easily collapse the shape of fibers, which happened in the refining stage and reduced opacity (Cui et al. 2015). It can be noted in Fig. 6 that the slope of opacity reduction using the RED method was gentler, while a sharp decline happened with the ERD method, especially after the refining stage. Also, it is apparent that the opacity reduction using the ERD method was nearly double (about 14% in average).
Fig. 5. The effect of the RED and ERD methods on the paper opacity
To discuss the different properties of DIP produced from two methods, optical properties, especially scattering coefficient and opacity, should be considered. As shown in Fig. 5, the higher refining (revolution 1500) and thus higher fines resulted in lower opacity which derives from the nature of the produced fines that are mostly assumed to be fibrillar. As previously indicated (Kangas and Kleen 2004; Seth 2003; Taipale et al. 2010; Lee et al. 2011), fibrillar fines increase density and bonding between fibers allowing the light to pass through the paper. In the RED method, the amount of fines generated by refining is high, and the enzyme is partly able to hydrolyze them; therefore, opacity is observed to be higher in the RED method than ERD. On the other hand, the sharp slope in opacity decrease in ERD method after refining might indicate localized degradation of lamella resulting in a significant weakening of fibers (Gurnagul et al. 1992), which might be exacerbated by refining not averting the passing light in scattering and opacity measurements.
Opacity and bulk of paper have a direct relationship; the amount of bulk is an indication of opacity and paper stiffness (Chen et al. 2013). Therefore, the RED method is expected to produce more bulky paper.
As shown in Fig. 6, after enzymatic treatment the brightness of handsheets decreased with both methods. This phenomenon could have been a result of the enzymatic effect on the ink particles' size (Aryaie et al. 2012) and ink removal from the fiber surface (Jeffries 1992; Mayeli and Talaeipour 2010).
Fig. 6. The effect of the RED and ERD methods on the paper brightness
It is noteworthy that different responses were observed at 700 and 1500 revolutions with the ERD and RED methods. With 700 revolutions of refining, a slight increase was observed in brightness with both methods. It is believed that refining can cause a slight increase in brightness, possibly due to the filler and ash elimination during refining (Talaeipour 2008). However, at 1500 revolutions it is notable that the brightness significantly decreased using the ERD method, especially when the consistency increased, but this led to a brightness increase with the RED method. It seems that more detachment of particles and also more ink removal happened when enzymatic treatment was applied after refining. As shown in Fig. 6, the brightness using the RED method increased by about 1.5% over the control pulp, while decreasing by about 5% using the ERD method.
Effective residual ink concentration (ERIC)
As shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the trend by which the residual ink concentration changed was almost the reverse of that of brightness. The effect of enzyme treatment and refining was found to be statistically significant relative to ERIC with both methods. This increase in ERIC showed that ink particles had become dispersed after enzymatic treatment and refining (Mayeli 2010). The particle size will be decreased in both ERD and RED methods. As regards the RED method, there are large numbers of free ink particles with small size in this method. Firstly, that can be explained by the refining stage applied, that as an intense treatment can cause weakening the attachments of fiber surface and ink particles. Secondly, enzymatic treatment and the following hydrolysis in this method can complete the process of detachment. These free particles, consequently, can be easily removed during washing process. On the other hand, the number of small ink adhered on fibers were high in the ERD method. In such case, ink particles on the fibers in the ERD method will be kept in the paper and later give rise to low brightness and high ERIC values.
Figure 8 shows an 83% (951 ppm, on average) increase in ERIC after the ER stages of the ERD method over the control pulp, but, after deinking, the reduction in the ERIC values was just 1% (20 ppm, on average). With the RED method, as seen in Fig. 7, the total increase in ERIC after the RE stages was just 29% (333 ppm, on average), but, after deinking, reduction in the ERIC values was about 5% (92 ppm, on average).
Fig. 7. The total trend of treatments in the RED method on the ERIC of treated pulps
Fig. 8. The total trend of treatments in the ERD method on the ERIC of treated pulps
It seems that the increase in the ERIC using the ERD method represented two undesirable side effects: paper darkening and ink particle size reduction. These two effects led to a decrease in flotation efficiency. Thus, the flotation efficiency of the RED method was determined to be about five times higher than the ERD method. Table 2 shows the comparison between the final paper properties using the RED and ERD methods.
Table 2. Comparison between Final Paper Properties for RED and ERD Methods
The results revealed that the pulp treated with the RED method had better properties. In addition, refining before or after enzymatic treatment significantly affected the mechanical and optical properties of the resulting paper.
1. Regardless of the sequence of applied treatments (ERD or RED), enzymatic treatment caused a decrease in mechanical properties, optical properties, and pulp freeness, but the ERIC increased. Unlike the enzymatic treatment, it is noteworthy that the order of the refining stage in the treatment sequence (either before or after enzymatic treatment) produced very different effects.
2. When considering enzymatic treatment and refining, subjects including fibrillation, fines generation and hydrolysis, fiber shortening, and surface activation, etc., can be discussed. It was expected that the RED method would generate more fines, firstly due to the primary refining, and then these fines would be removed from the pulp or eliminated by the enzymatic hydrolysis and finally improve the drainage. But the obtained results not only showed drainage improvement, but better strength and optical properties. Such results are of interest because different fines imply intricate effects on paper properties.
3. It seems that applying the refining stage after the enzymatic treatment (ERD method) led to undesirable effects on fibers and ink particles. Refining using the ERD method worsened the mechanical properties, except tensile strength. Brightness and opacity decreased, and ERIC increased significantly, leading to flotation efficiency reduction.
4. Conversely, better results were obtained using the RED method (applying refining before enzymatic treatment). With the RED method, better drainage was obtained compared to the ERD method. It is noteworthy that, after refining, not only all of the mechanical properties increased significantly, but the final strengths also increased in comparison to the ERD method. Different responses were observed according to different refining revolution values, but the brightness increased significantly using the RED method. The opacity decreased using the RED method, but the slope of this reduction was also gentler than with the ERD method. The results for ERIC of treated pulps were noticeable. Although the ERIC increased with both methods (RED and ERD), using the RED method it increased with a gentle slope and was much lower than with the ERD method. Thus, the flotation efficiency of the RED method was determined to be about five times higher than the ERD method.
This paper was extracted from a Ph.D thesis under the supervision of Dr. Mohammad Talaeipour and Dr. Amir Hooman Hemmasi. The Shahid Beheshti University Science and Research Park and the packaging department of the Iranian Standard and Industrial Research Organization are gratefully acknowledged for providing testing facilities.
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Article submitted: January 20, 2015; Peer review completed: March 22, 2015; Revised version received and accepted: June 9, 2015; Published: June 16, 2015.
DOI: 10.15376/biores.10.3.4768-4783
RED Method
Table 3. Untreated Pulp Properties for RED Methods
Table 4. The First Stage for RED Method (Refining)
Table 5. The Second Stage for RED Method (Enzyme Treatment)
Table 6. The Third Stage for RED Method (Deinking)
ERD Method
Table 7. Untreated Pulp Properties for RED Method
Table 8. The First Stage for ERD Method (Enzyme Treatment)
Table 9. The Second Stage for ERD Method (Refining)
Table 10. The Third Stage for ERD Method (Deinking)


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Decision Science
Use Science to Make Better Decisions
Why decision science?
We might assume that when the importance of a decision increases, so does the sophistication of the tools used to make it. Unfortunately, many of the most important decisions we make fail to take advantage of advances in decision science.
Fields including Behavioral Economics and Game Theory have advanced significantly in recent years, and coupled with computing technology we now have the tools to add a far greater level of sophistication to how important decisions are made.
How it works
People have all sorts of formal and informal methods for making important decisions. We might gather all the relevant information and then go with our gut instinct, make a list of pros and cons, or ask a group to vote.
The problem with these methods is that they ignore critical tools that allow us to map out the preferences of different positions to different people, quantitatively weigh these options, and to use decision science principles to estimate how different individuals or groups will respond to an action over time.
Decision science is incredibly valuable for organizing information and clarifying preferences, but it does far more than this. Using tools like predictive analytics, agent based modeling, and game theoretical models, we are able to map out the landscape in which an important decision will be made. This allows us to see how different actors in a system will respond to various options, and gives us a view into the future that greatly increases the chance that our chosen path will succeed.
Watch our short video on decision science:
Will the UK leave the EU? What is the best option and for whom?
We used decision science principles to estimate the course of action of UK voters, and to lay out a strategy that considers how different issues will move voters toward various outcomes.
Is OPEC likely to restrict supply to combat falling prices? How will various members clash or cooperate?
Our analysis went against much of the popular opinion on this issue and turned out to be correct. See our Chief Political Scientist, Amir Bagerpour, speaking about this on Bloomberg.


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Recent data show homeowners are getting ahead of the curve and listing their properties earlier than in previous years as the spring selling season approaches.
A report by Realtor.com shows listing inventories increased by 1.15 percent month-over-month in February, and houses stayed on the market for an average of 98 days, down 9.26 percent from January. Month-over-month list prices also increased to $189,900.
"As we enter the busiest time of the year for home buyers and sellers, our latest housing trend data shows just how competitive the market is with a significant national housing recovery well underway," Steve Berkowitz, CEOof Move, Inc., said in a statement.
"Looking ahead, we can expect the amount of inventory to increase this spring along with higher list prices as sellers become more comfortable with the market conditions," Berkowitz added.
This recent spate of news indicates to some that a growing number of "move-up" homebuyers are less reluctant about venturing into the market and are taking early advantage of the recent uptick in housing prices. This positive swing coupled with the consistent, gradual downward trend of annual inventory levels, which decreased by 15.97 percent over the last two years, are giving sellers more motivation to strike while the iron is warming.
Nationally, the median list price also rose by 1.55 percent during the month of February and 1.01 percent annually, while the median age of inventory dropped in nearly all of the 146 markets Realtor.com tracks.
Cities in coastal areas stayed on the market longer according to the report, with
by Ashley Harris


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Articulate Live! with Jason Vieaux
Articulate Live! presents world-renowned classical guitarist Jason Vieaux in concert, and in conversation.
(from artist's website)
About Jason Vieaux
Grammy-winner Jason Vieaux, "among the elite of today's classical guitarists" (Gramophone), is the guitarist that goes beyond the classical. NPR describes Vieaux as, "perhaps the most precise and soulful classical guitarist of his generation." His most recent solo album, Play, won the 2015 Grammy Award for Best Classical Instrumental Solo.
Recent highlights include performances at Caramoor Festival as Artist-in-Residence, Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, Philadelphia Chamber Music Society, Buenos Aires' Teatro Colon, Amsterdam's Concertgebouw, New York's 92Y, Ravinia Festival, and many other distinguished series. A first-rate chamber musician and programmer, he frequently collaborates with artists such as the Escher Quartet, harpist Yolanda Kondonassis, and accordion/bandoneon virtuoso Julien Labro. He has performed as soloist with over 100 orchestras and his passion for new music has fostered premieres by Avner Dorman, Dan Visconti, Vivian Fung, José Luis Merlin, and more. Vieaux continues to bring important repertoire alive in the recording studio as well. Vieaux has upcoming releases on Azica, BIS, and Naxos, and recent recordings include Infusion (Azica) with accordionist/bandoneonist Julien Labro; Ginastera's Guitar Sonata, which is featured on Ginastera: One Hundred (Oberlin Music) produced by harpist Yolanda Kondonassis; and Together (Azica), a duo album with Kondonassis.
In 2012, the Jason Vieaux School of Classical Guitar was launched with ArtistWorks Inc., an unprecedented technological interface that provides one-on-one study with Vieaux for guitar students around the world. In 2011, he co-founded the guitar department at the Curtis Institute of Music, and in 2015 was invited to inaugurate the guitar program at the Eastern Music Festival. Vieaux has taught at the Cleveland Institute of Music since 1997, heading the guitar department since 2001.He has received a Naumburg Foundation top prize, a Cleveland Institute of Music Distinguished Alumni Award, GFA International Guitar Competition First Prize, and a Salon di Virtuosi Career Grant. Vieaux was the first classical musician to be featured on NPR's "Tiny Desk" series. Jason Vieaux plays a 2013 Gernot Wagner guitar with Augustine strings.


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Product Description
Legato Largo Golden Zipper Nylon Waterproof Backpack. Size Large size: approx. H 40 x W 28 x D 17cm Weight Approximately 470 g Features Specifications: [Outside] zipper pocket x1,Main opening zipper pocket x1 ,[Inside] Pocket x2,,It has one pocket in each side Material High Density Nylon Waterproof Country of origin Made in China Lining Little shiny solid does not stretch material ColorGray(Light gray slightly pinkish Beige) Khaki(Milk tea Beige)Navy(Dark blue)Black(Standard black)Badu gold(Golden tinged with subdued ocher)Wine(Somewhat reddish strong dark reddish purple) *Points to note* Because it is manual measurement and taking by camera the monitor of each computer are different the size and the color might have a little bit errorI hope you can understand.. Legato Largo Golden Zipper Nylon Waterproof Backpack


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A Case Study of Light and Dark is a slideshow which highlights - in detail and close up - how Rembrandt conveys both light and dark
- in different places within a portrait
- relative to the light source and
- relative to the form and local colour of the subject.
The painting is a Bust of an old man with turban (1627 - 1628) by Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn from The Kremer Collection
PS You may have noticed I'm posting shorter posts borrowing from other sites. That's because it's Christmas and I have other "things to do"! :) Future posts will be similar and/or will display paintings of the season or Christmas.