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Reciprocating Air Compressor
Which Reciprocating Air Compressor Do I Need?
Which Reciprocating Air Compressor Do I Need?
The good news is you have plenty of choices for almost any application. The bad news is, you have plenty of choices for almost any application. Making the right decision seems overwhelming, but it's not. Let's break it down and simplify. An excellent reference resource to introduce you to the CA, CT and ML lines is below. For more details keep reading and we'll get straight to the nuts and bolts of what you do and don't need in a reciprocating compressor.
Whichever compressor you determine is right for you, make sure it's heavy-duty cast iron construction—NOT aluminum. Second, if you need a steady supply of clean, quiet, 100% continuous-duty air, a rotary compressor might be a better fit for you.
CT – If one of your primary concerns is price and you are not concerned about water vapor in your air, then the CT is the right compressor for you. In addition, the 2-year warranty offers good peace of mind. However, if you need more air and horsepower (CT offers 10hp, 29.7cfm), you'll want to step up to CA or ML.
CA – If you value the added peace of mind provided by a 5-year warranty and require low moisture content in your air then the CA is the series you should buy. The CA series offers an UltraPack option that requires lower maintenance or a duplex configuration to provide 100% backup. CA machines top out at 15hp (42.6cfm) for simplex and 10hp (68.4cfm) for duplex, so if you need more horsepower, it's time to look at our ML.
ML – If you don't mind paying a little more for the best and you have a very demanding application, our ML series will stand up to the challenge. The patented Centro Ring pressure lubrication means less worry for you. As with the CA, the ML series offers both UltraPack and duplex options for low maintenance and 100% backup. In addition, our ML machines go up to 30hp (102.2cfm simplex, 204.4cfm duplex), providing plenty of air, even for the largest shops.
Rotary Air Compressors in Your Automotive Shop May be Costing You Money
There has been a trend in recent years to promote the use of rotary compressed air in automotive care applications because reciprocating technology is perceived as "dated" while rotary is perceived as "cutting edge." Rotary technology is much quieter than recip technology, which increases the perceived value of rotary machines. It's true that rotary technology is newer and quieter than recip, however, the initial cost for a rotary machine is typically 50% more than an UltraPack Recip machine. In addition, there are several hidden costs associated with rotary machines that need to be considered before deciding which one is the best fit for your application:
Maintenance Costs – Some manufacturers have mistakenly led customers to believe that recip machines are more expensive to maintain than rotary machines by stating that maintenance is "easier" or "less" involved in a rotary compressor. While it is true that rotary maintenance intervals (typically 2000 hours or one year, whichever comes first) are longer than recip maintenance intervals (typically 3 or 6 months), the cost of the consumables makes rotary maintenance 2 to 3 times that of recip over a 5-year period.
Misapplications – One of the great advantages of rotary technology is that it loves to run all the time. So, if you have an application requiring a continuous use of air, and you size the compressor appropriately, a rotary machine will perform well without overheating. But, this strength becomes a weakness if a rotary machine is misapplied.
Intermittent demand – If a rotary machine is placed in an application where demand fluctuates greatly, it will be underutilized during periods of low demand. This will cause the rotary machine to "short cycle" – i.e., the machine will not run long enough to build up the temperatures required in the airend to burn off water vapor in the oil. When a machine short cycles, it can lead to many issues including premature fouling of internal filtration and downstream components, pre-mature airend failure and potentially to motor failure, if an electronic controller or timer is not used to ensure that the machine does not start and stop too often. All these potential issues add up to extra maintenance and/or replacement costs for misapplied rotaries. In addition, these things may void a manufacturer's warranty, leaving the end-user to bear the burden of all costs.
Importance of sizing – If a rotary machine is oversized to account for future growth or simply as an insurance policy to make sure enough air is supplied, all the issues outlined above come into play. An oversized machine will almost certainly short-cycle and lead to increased maintenance and service issues.
Cost of extra tank if flexibility is needed – If a rotary machine is misapplied, one of the ways to fix the application is to provide a larger storage buffer by adding a remote stand-alone tank, which will cause the compressor to run longer and achieve the required operating temperature. While this can be an effective solution, it adds extra cost to some rotary applications that should be considered up-front.
Bleeding air to the atmosphere – Another solution to short-cycling is to bleed air into the atmosphere if there is not enough demand. This requires extra equipment and results to the customer wasting money on compressed air that is vented into the atmosphere instead of being utilized in the shop. Although this can be an effective solution, it again adds over all energy costs that should be considered up-front.
Re-builds – While rotary airends typically are designed to last twice as long as the best recip pumps, it costs a great deal to have them repaired or re-built. In some cases, repairs to a rotary airend are not possible. If a rotary machine is misapplied and the airend fails prematurely, the re-build cost could be more economical than the cost of re-building a piston compressor.
While rotary machines are great in many applications, it pays to do some homework upfront to ensure the application makes sense. At a minimum, check the following before buying a rotary machine for your shop:
- Make sure it's the right size – A walk-through assessment or air audit of your shop is the best way to tell what size rotary machine you need.
- Ensure your demand profile is appropriate – This means ensuring that air demand is consistent enough to warrant a rotary machine. Again, a walk-through assessment is a great way to determine this but engaging a local air expert is a good backup.
- And finally, once you buy the machine, make sure that it's installed and maintained per the operator manual by a qualified rotary screw service center.
Rotary or Recip? The choice is yours. But an educated decision could save you money. Learn more about what compressor you need for your automotive shop.
ML Series- Rugged, Affordable and Smart
Masterline (ML Series) is the most robust, heavy duty reciprocating air compressor lineup available. The perfect combination of quality components and efficient design make the ML Series rugged, affordable and smart. Because every model is built tough to last a lifetime in demanding working conditions, the ML Series is an outstanding alternative to splash-lubricated reciprocating compressors and small rotary compressors. Learn more about the ML Series
FS-Curtis…Our Reputation Has Stayed The Same
For over 160 years FS-Curtis has prided itself on being the best in air compression. Assembled in St. Louis, MO we are proud of our reputation for having quality products and great customer service has continued to be unwavering. Our Reputation Has Stayed The Same.
How Can an Air Audit Maximize My Savings?
An air audit may be in order for your compressor system, especially if it hasn't been carefully examined recently. While many people focus on the initial cost of purchasing an air compressor, they often forget to factor in the cost of operating the machine over the long run. Any issue within a system can reduce its efficiency, wasting air and electricity, and thereby costing you more money.
But what exactly can an Air Audit do for you? Learn more about how you can help you maximize savings. Download "What is a Compressed Air Audit"?
Learn More About FS-Curtis Products
How to Reduce Your Compressed Energy Costs
Compressed air can be one of the most expensive uses of energy for manufacturing plants, often using more energy than other equipment. For instance, one horsepower of compressed air requires eight horsepower of electricity. With many air compressors running at efficiencies as low as 10%, there's often plenty of room for improvement. Fortunately, 50% of compressed air systems at small to medium-sized industrial facilities have opportunity for energy conservation.
Learn how you can save money and keep your air compression working at a premium by downloading our "10 Ways You Can Optimize Your Air Compression and Save Money".
The Mission of FS-Curtis
The mission of FS-Curtis has always been about the people. Some Companies are founded on hard work others are founded on ideals. FS-Curtis was founded on both. FS-Curtis is the best in reciprocating, rotary, and oil-free compressors. Assembled in St. Louis since 1854.
What Is A Compressed Air Audit?
An air audit may be in order for your compressed air system, especially if it hasn't been carefully examined recently. While many people focus on the initial cost of purchasing an air compressor, they often forget to factor in the cost of operating the machine over the long run. Any issue within a system can reduce its efficiency, wasting air and electricity, and thereby costing you more money.
But what exactly can an Air Audit do for you? Learn more about how an Air Audit can help you maximize savings. Download "What is a Compressed Air Audit"?
Keeping Your Reciprocating Air Compressor Working at its Peak
Here are a few guidelines on how to keep your reciprocating air compressor working optimally. No matter what brand of oil-lubricated reciprocating compressor you own, doing the following three things on a regular basis will extend its working life helping to ensure a trustworthy tool for years to come:
- Change lubricant quarterly
- Purge water from tank weekly (at least)
- Change air filter quarterly
Oil (Lubrication)
Your reciprocating air compressor is basically an engine, and as such it requires constant lubrication to prevent excessive friction from damaging the moving parts and ultimately seizing the piston/s. Non detergent lubricants are typically preferred for reciprocating air compressors, but make sure you respect the viscosity the manufacturer suggests for your particular compressor.
Regularly check the oil level to make sure you have the right amount of oil in the crankcase. While the dangers of too little oil are obvious, it's also important not to overfill a compressor with oil. If the oil level is too high the oil can get whipped and it will foam up, losing some of its lubricating properties. In addition, it will gain volume, further increasing your problems. So keep checking with your dipstick/gauge as you refill with oil and make sure your unit is perfectly level to the ground when you do this.
These are just as easy to read as the dipstick variety. The red dot represents the "OK" mark (I don't know why they paint it red, should've been green). Ideally you want to keep the oil level within the center of the dot, but as long as the level is within the dot, you are OK.
On these it's also easier to judge the state of the oil by looking at it with a flashlight, you can often see whether it's getting milky (water) or darker (regular wear) without having to remove a sample from the crankcase.
Tip #1-Oil is regularly lost through the exhaust and the breather hole on the crankcase. Oil also ages and because of this, you should replace the oil after a certain amount of duty hours. A good rule of thumb that will help you comply with most manufacturer's requirements is to change your reciprocating compressor oil on a quarterly basis. The actual time depends on many factors and its best if you obtain the manual for your particular compressor for a clear indication on when to replace the oil.
To remove the old oil there's going to be a bolt at the bottom side or the bottom of the crankcase in all reciprocating air compressors. Simply remove this bolt to allow the old oil to drain into a bucket for proper disposal. To speed up the process, make sure you remove the oil when it's warm and remove the filling cap so you don't draw a vacuum.=
Removing Condensate from the Receiver Tank
As the compressor's intake happens to be ambient air, humidity in the air is sucked in on every cycle. The water vapor from ambient humidity will condense and accumulate in the tank/s. Because of this dynamic, it's imperative to drain the tank/s at least once a week.
Draining the tank is easy. Locate the drain valve at the bottom of the tank and open it until moisture and air come out of the valve. As soon as the flow of water slows to a trickle, close the valve.
If you don't drain the tank the condensate will rust the tank's envelope and ultimately corrosion and rust-through will occur. The more the condensate sits in the tank, the worse it'll get in time.
To keep condensate from building up in the receiver tank with minimal effort, include the automatic electric timer drain with your purchase of a new compressor. An electric timer drain will open at preset intervals to keep condensate from building up in the tank and finding its way down stream to the shop equipment. Zero-loss drain valves do the same thing, but they lose less compressed air pressure and also reduce the number of short cycles needed to keep the compressed air system at the pre-set level. This saves on your electricity bill.
Tip #2- Because eliminating condensate from the tank is so important to the life of your compressed air system, put a tickler on your calendar to drain the tank at least once a week –more frequently in humid environments. Better yet, automate this task by investing in an automatic tank drain.
Intake Air Filter
The intake air filter is there to stop the compressor from taking in particles of dust in the ambient air which might cause damage to the metal surfaces inside the air compressor. If the location of the compressor has a lot of dust and dirt in the air, this filter may need to be kept clean or changed more often than the manufacturer's recommendations. Use the manufacturer's replacement intake air filter for proper fit and filtration.
Tip #3 – Refer to your manufacturer's recommended intake air filter replacement schedule. Replacement of your intake filter is important to keeping your air compressor in compliance with the manufacturer's basic and extended warranty. Even if your air compressor is out of warranty,
Pros and Cons of Individual Compressor Controls
Previously we discussed The 6 Types of Basic Individual Compressor Controls to learn about the differences, but how do you determine which controls you would want for your compressor? To help with this decision here are few pros and cons of the basic air compressor controls:
- Simple control using only a pressure switch
- Motor and compressor operate only when needed, which saves energy
- Good for small compressors that are 25 HP or less (depending on application)
- Frequent starting wears down motor and compressor
- The pressure setting to stop must be higher than required system pressure to build storage. This may increase energy use.
- Loss of pressure control in the range of 35 psi
- Limited to small compressors
- Motor compressor runs continuously which reduces wear and tear associated with too many frequent motor starts
- Tighter range of pressure (approx 10 psi)
- Provides adequate storage and offers energy-efficient control of rotary screw, reciprocating and some centrifugal compressors
- If applied incorrectly short cycles cause premature wear and tear. There is minimal or no power savings on lubricant-injected rotary screw compressors
- There needs to be proper blow down time and the storage capacity required for lubricant-injected rotary compressors to achieve energy savings and prevent lubricant foaming
- Requires over-pressurizing to maintain minimum system pressure
- The motor and compressor run continuously reducing wear
- Tighter range of pressure control (10 PSI)
- Steady progressive capacity control that matches demand
- Pressure ratios increase as inlet pressure is throttled
- Inefficient at lower loads(lubricant-injected rotary compressors limited to 40-60% capacity; centrifugal compressors limited by potential surge and may require discharge blow off)
Dual/Auto Dual
- Combines features of modulating, load/unload. and start/stop
- Shuts down compressors when unloaded for pre-set duration which in turn saves energy
- Better selects operation mode for small reciprocating compressors
- Makes the control complex
- The Over-run timer must be set to limit premature starting and stopping
Variable Displacement
- Energy-efficient control scheme that gets down to 50% of capacity
- Matches displacement to demand without reducing inlet pressure or increasing ratios of compression
- Makes the control complex
- High initial cost
- Only available for 50 HP+ compressors
Variable Speed
- Energy-efficient and precise control
- Various rotating speeds and giving more displacement and power. These are directly proportional to speed rotation
- Makes the control complex
- High initial cost
- Reduced full load efficiency
- Efficiency of rotary screw compressor ends drop at lower or higher speeds
The 6 Types of Basic Individual Compressor Controls
Compressor controls are designed to match compressor delivery with compressed air demand, by maintaining the compressor discharge pressure within a highly specified range. This discharge pressure should be set as low as possible to minimize the energy usage.
Compressor systems are typically composed of multiple compressors delivering air to a common plant air header. The combined capacity of these machines is generally sized to meet the maximum plant air demand. System controls are needed to orchestrate a reduction in the output of the individual compressors during the times of having lower demand. Compressed air systems are usually designed to operate within a fixed pressure range to deliver a volume of air that varies with system demand. System pressure is monitored so that the control system decreases compressor output when the pressure reaches a predetermined level. Compressor output is then increased again when the pressure drops to a lower predetermined level.
There are 6 basic types of individual compressor controls that a person has to take into account when looking into purchasing and using air compression:
- Turns the motor which drives the compressor on or off in response to a pressure signal (seen on reciprocating and rotary compressors)
- Allows the motor to run constantly, but unloads the compressor when a predetermined pressure is reached. The compressor reloads at a predetermined lower discharge pressure. This is also sometimes referred to as constant speed or constant run control (seen on reciprocating, rotary, and centrifugal compressors).
- Restricts passage of air to the compressor to progressively reduce compressor output to a specified minimum, when the compressor is then unloaded. This is also referred to as throttling or capacity control (seen on rotary and centrifugal compressors).
Dual/Auto Dual
- This controller is commonly seen in small reciprocating compressors, allows the selection of either Start/Stop or Load/Unload. When used in a lubricant-injected rotary compressor it provides modulation or load/unload control to a preset reduced capacity. When unloading the addition of an over-run timer will stop the compressor after running unloaded for a preset time.
Variable Displacement
- This controller allows progressive reduction of the compressor displacement without reducing the channel opening (seen on reciprocating and rotary compressors).
Variable Speed
- This controller adjusts the compressor capacity by varying the speed of the electric motor driving the compressor in response to system signals.
Learn more about the these six basic compressor controllers and more about other FS Curtis products
Air Receiver Sizing
When specifying a compressed air system for optimum operation and energy efficiency, proper selection of the compressed air receiver tank(s) is one of the most critical decisions one can make. There are several different "rules of thumb" and formulas that will assist you, but finding straightforward guidance that says "use this size air receiver" is difficult if not non-existent.
Air receivers can be used in several different ways in a compressed air system:
- "Primary" receiver between the supply side (air compressor and ancillary equipment), and the demand side (your plant). Today's air compressor controls (on/ off-line, modulation, and variable frequency) strive to maximize energy efficiency and smooth compressor operation by responding to demand side pressure changes sensed at the discharge of the package.
A properly sized air receiver acts as a "buffer" and minimizes the effect of dynamic demand side pressure changes, allowing the compressor controls to operate smoothly and consistently. The end result is less energy used, longer component life, and consistency in plant air pressure.
- "Secondary" receiver typically on the demand side, at the point of use to minimize the effect large intermittent air demands have on the overall compressed air system.
Sizing a PRIMARY receiver for general FIXED SPEED APPLICATIONS:
- The air compressor industry has widely accepted the general rule of thumb that a properly sized air receiver for a fixed speed compressor should be between 1-2 gallons per CFM output of the compressor.
Example: A 100 CFM fixed speed air compressor should have an air receiver between 100-200 gallons sitting next to it. Err on the high side if your budget permits.
Sizing a PRIMARY receiver for general VARIABLE SPEED APPLICATIONS:
- When considering air receiver sizing on a variable speed drive application, the general rule of thumb is between 2-4 gallons per CFM output of the compressor.
Example: a 100 CFM variable speed air compressor should have an air receiver between 200-400 gallons sitting next to it. Err on the high side if your budget permits.
Useful Air Receiver Sizing Formulas (Primary and Secondary):
Use this formula when you have an existing air receiver
and need to know how long you can draw CFM greater than the output of the air compressor, from the receiver, while still maintaining system pressure:
- T = R x P1 – P2 Qr – Qc 7
Use this formula to determine what receiver size to use to supply pressure for a given period of time, not allowing the system to drop below a minimum pressure. The demand of air is greater than the CFM output of the air compressor:
- R = 7 x (Qr – Qc) x T
Use this formula to determine how long it will take to recharge an air receiver to P1, after demand goes back to being below CFM output of the air compressor:
- T = R x (P2 – P1)
Qr – Qc x 14.7
T = Time in minutes
R = Receiver in cubic feet Qr = CFM removed
Qc = Compressor output in CFM
P1 = Maximum air receiver pressure P2 = Minimum air receiver pressure
14.7 = Atmospheric pressure in PSI (sea level)
CUBIC FT to GALLON CONVERSION: 7.48 gallons in a cubic foot
Investing In a Variable Speed Drive
A Variable Speed Drive compressor sounds like a smart idea, but is it really?
Let's address the rotary compressor question that auto care facilities ask us on a regular basis: Should I spend the extra money to put an energy-saving Variable Speed Drive (aka: Variable Frequency Drive) rotary screw compressor in my facility? The short answer to this question is: probably not.
The folks asking this question have heard that VSD/VFD machines may cost more up front but that they cost less to run and thus pay for themselves in the long run. In addition, many utility companies offer rebates for VSD/VFD machines that can help offset the larger up-front cost. Just like everyone else, automotive care facilities want to save money and energy, so this supposed value proposition sounds attractive. Right?
So why then is VSD/VFD probably not a good idea for most automotive care facilities? The short answer is that most automotive care facilities typically have severe peaks and valleys in their compressed air usage due to the intermittent use of tools and equipment in the shop. This in itself does not rule out VSD/VFD. In fact, VSD/VFD is ideal for customers whose demand fluctuates, provided that it does not fluctuate too much. The problem with auto care facilities is that their valleys are too deep. Too much downtime. The rule of thumb is that when the valleys are 30% or less of the peaks, the compressor will have to shut down, essentially forcing it to run as a start/stop machine. There are several issues with running a VSD/VFD machine in this type of application:
- More expensive – First of all, the customer is paying a 30% or more premium for a VSD/VFD machine to run just like a cheaper start/stop fixed speed machine. Perhaps the more important comparison is that the customer would be paying a whopping 70% premium compared to a fully-loaded UltraPack recip, which is probably the best application in most auto care shops.
- Phantom Energy Savings – VSD/VFD machines are ideal for loads somewhere between 30 and 80 percent of full load. There are little to no energy savings otherwise. Even though very short payback periods are often cited, these are for machines in ideal scenarios with exactly the right load profile. Auto care facilities very seldom have an appropriate load profile. If one isn't going to get the benefit of the VSD/VFD, why pay extra for it, and risk some of the potential headaches outlined below?
- Increased Maintenance -
o VSD/VFD's require minimal incremental maintenance on the drive compared to standard fixed speed machines. These increased costs should be considered in any decision to go with a variable speed machine.
o VSD/VFD's require a cleaner environment for the sensitive electronics of the drive. This can lead to increased maintenance costs and possibly drive replacement, which is very expensive. If the machine is going to be placed in a shop with dust and other contaminants floating in the air, then the cost of protecting the drive from these contaminants, or paying extra for maintenance and/or replacement, must be considered.
The bottom line is that most auto care applications are not ideal for VSD/VFD machines. The severe valleys in demand profiles mean there probably won't be energy savings to offset the increased acquisition and maintenance/replacement costs. In addition, most shops are too dirty to install a VSD/VFD without increased risk and cost.
This Compressor is a BEAST! – CA Series 7.5 80 gal vertical
WOW! Look at this customer testimonial on our CA Series 7.5HP Vertical Unit! Installed in 2002 and still going strong! Now that's trusted, dependable and reliable! See the full review here!
CA Series compressors aren't just built to handle harsh environments - they're also available in a wide range of configurations to meet your exact application.
Simplex compressors are well suited for common applications where only one compressor is needed.
Components are selected based on durability and performance, ensuring that your CA Series compressor delivers reliable performance in demanding applications.
The Most Durable Pump Construction Available - Meticulous Material Selection Ensures Long-Term Reliability.
- 100% cast-iron cylinders and cylinder heads
- Long-lasting, corrosion-resistant crankshaft
- Reduces thermal stress for increased reliability
- Deep-finned cast-iron cylinders and cylinder head for cool operation
- Slow-turning pump increases pump life
Industrial Design - The Most Robust Reciprocating Air Compressor In Its Class
- Provides higher pressures, better efficiency and longer life
- Ready to handle rugged, heavy-duty applications
Simplex compressors are well suited for common applications where only one compressor is needed.
- Magnetic motor starter
- Manual tank drain
- Oil sight glass
- Horizontal or vertical tank configurations available
- Factory oil filled
Duplex compressors are ideal when there are varying demand levels during operation. By alternating demand across two pumps, a duplex compressor also delivers longer pump life. The redundant pumps ensure you'll always have air, eliminating maintenance downtime.
- Alternator control panel comes mounted with magnetic motor starters and thermal overload protection
- Compressors alternate during normal operation
- Both compressors run when system demands
- Duplex design reduces electrical cost and eliminates downtime
- Factory oil filled
All of our CA Simplex Compressors include:
- Magnetic motor starter
- Manual tank drain
- Oil sight glass
- Horizontal or vertical tank configurations available
More information on our complete line of CA Series Air Compressor
Want to own one of these industry workhorse? Contact a distributor in your area! Find a Distributor!
Noise Level Is Barely Noticeable – CTS Garagemate
Check out our 5 Start review on Air Compressors Direct about out CTS Series Garagemate!
FS-Curtis offers a full line of Single Stage and Reciprocating Air Compressors designed for the small shop and the contractor! Download our full brochure on the CTS Series


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25 Aug Friendship – Lunch Room – September 2017; Our Plan
Life App: Friendship—using your words and actions to show others you care.
Theme: Lunch Room – Make Space At The Table
Date: September 2017
I Think I'm Finally Excited…
As I mentioned in this post, I was really struggling with how to represent this month's Theme and Life App in an engaging way on our Large Group stage. While I love the theme, the concept, the way Friendship will be taught, and the fact that it's all happening with a "back to school" vibe… I just couldn't figure out how to turn that theme into something engaging with a WOW factor for our set design. We had a lot of ideas (that you can read about here) but truth-be-told, the school cafeteria makes this former teacher want to gag 😉 so putting any representation of that on our stage just wasn't cutting it for me.
But, after several discussions, I think we've finally landed on something that will be fun! It will hopefully carry out the theme and get kids excited about "making space at the table" for friends!
Our Plan
Taking inspiration from the photos below – and a post on the 252 Partners Facebook page about plate sets that were being sold at Walmart – we came up with an idea.
Since our large projection screens are a huge part of our collective backdrop, we always want to coordinate our color scheme and/or setting on stage to what is on the screens above (see photos below)…
For this month, our projection screens will showcase the Life App graphic (Friendship) on the center screen (or Prop for you Pro-Presenter users) and the Theme graphic will flank the prop on either side.
From that, we decided on the following:
- The burnt orange color from the word Friendship in the Life App graphic will be the color on our backdrop (5 panels of insulation foam).
- We purchased several of the plate sets pictured above from Walmart.
- To stay in keeping with the colors in the graphics, we will use all but the red plates from the plate sets. Blues, yellows, and greens all go pretty well with the graphics. While there is some red in the graphics, we thought it would clash with the orange backdrop and with the blue, yellow and green – it felt a bit primary or preschool-ish.
- We will configure the sectioned lunch trays from the plate sets in a building block formation in the top left corner and bottom right corner of the backdrop. We will attach them to the backdrop with Velcro since they are plastic and cannot be pinned to the insulation foam.
- We will use the rest of the plate sets (forks, spoons, plate, soup bowl, cup) to create place settings.
- These place settings will be mounted on rectangles of white craft foam (think placemat) with a hot glue gun.
- Then, the place settings will be pinned to the center panels of the backdrop in a large circle as if they are on a table.
- We will use the Cricut to cut white letters shadowed by navy blue that say, "Make Space At The Table." This phrase will hang in the center of the circle.
- A black card table and chairs will be set off to one corner of the stage to be used each week during the large group production.
- We may put lunchboxes on the table or brown bag lunches or both.
One Day Build
Our calendar is a bit nutty with back to school stuff, volunteer training, etc. As a result, it was going to be hard to have two build nights as we normally do with our set design team (you can read about that process here). So, we are striking our summer Gadgets & Gizmos set (it's been up for 3 months you guys!) this Sunday and building next month's set all on the same day.
I knew with only one build day, we needed a plan that would make for an awesome set, but would also be simple enough to finish in one day after striking a large set. I think this one is going to be fun. In fairness, our set design team leader and I did come out last night with a few people to paint the backdrop and start the process of a make-over for our Imagination Destination cart (that was a huge success this summer, but we need it to not be Gadgety and Gizmo-ey going forward). But hopefully, since those big pieces are done, our build on Sunday will go quickly. Here is a peek at what we worked on last night…


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Our New Reality
February 19, 2014
Blog guilt: it's worse than binging on a pint of Ben and Jerry's while watching old reruns of Friends. I fear I have no audience at this point, understandable considering my neglect. In any case, for my few subscribers I can only tell you that distraction and procrastination are cruel enemies of the novelist/ blogger.
I've been busy running our family business, starting a hyperlocal news site for my community, and – admittedly – avoiding being overcome with the self doubt Anne Lamott aptly describes. I'm still writing, it's just not blog posts or fiction. I'm posting Morris Grassfed's latest newsletter here: Our New Reality, which describes the effects of drought on our food. I hope you'll click on it to see how Mother Nature's curve ball has caught us off guard this year. We are grappling with suspending our grassfed certification as we review our ability to abide by the standard of raising all our animals from birth. The drought will affect more than grassfed beef, local food producers all over California are busy adjusting their business models. Our friends at Straus Dairy posted an eloquent explanation on their website today about how they will need to seek a variance for their organic certification. Drought is truly a game changer. Hopefully our members will understand the need to adapt, and continue to support us as we navigate this new reality. In the meantime, I have not given up on the novel, it just needs a little dusting off and revising. Stay tuned … and thanks for reading!


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From a professional to a company, down to one geared for commercial services or residential services, a paving contractor job that you may have at the moment would have different aspects that you need to check if you want to get the best professional fit for the job. The last thing you want to do is to underestimate the search for a paving contractor if it only covers a small area, because regardless of the size of the task, it should always be dealt with by a professional who you could trust. It isn't surprising for you to be as careful as possible when picking a professional in this category, especially given the fact that this is an expense that would chip quite a sum of money from your bankroll and of course, you'd want it to be a well-deserved expense.
Before you even think about looking for a paving contractor to hire, you should inspect the area that the contractor would be dealing with. Assessing the area that the professional would be dealing with is important, especially since you'll be giving them an insight of what they will deal with before they even go to the site. Giving them an accurate detail of the area's size and measurement would surely give them plenty of information already but aside from that, it would also be crucial to tell them about damages on the pavements that they have to deal with as well. Click Here Now!
You may not expect it but the most reliable way of finding a great contractor is by inquiring from others in the market. Of course, it is vital that you also pick a reliable person who you'll be getting information from lest you may end up with a biased advertisement that may not be able to help your search at all.
It's definitely going to be a huge help for you if you ask people and professionals around who knows this particular market but, if you're not satisfied with the results you've received, you could always step into the vast internet and use search engines to search for more reliable contractors you could consider. Search Engines would send you quick results when looking for a paving contractor with just simple keywords and more importantly, those results would give you links you could further look into, which will give you more detailed information about the expert or the company.
You should bear in mind that you need to pick several contractors to talk to and not just limit yourself in talking to a single professional or company. Talking with the contractors would let you know more about them from their capabilities to their interest when it comes to this kind of job and of course, these information would be critical in making your final decision. Click For More!


text: "A significant proportion of the reforms are targeted at those firms and activities that are systemic in nature. In particular, capital requirements have been increased for trading book activities, counterparty credit risk, and complex securitizations and re-securitizations. Thus, under the newly proposed BCBS standards, systemically important banks will be subject to tougher standards."Joseph Mason, a finance professor at Louisiana State University and fellow speaker at the European Parliament on Basel 3, also provided testimony and in it he said "it is important to recognize that misguided policies can create systemic risk." In a private follow-up conversation, Mason basically said that he felt Walter's position lacks a truly forward-looking appeal. When dealing with historical collapses, we agreed, the use of the same historical, yet 'improved', regulations that helped get us here in the first place is somewhat out of touch with reality. Let's take a clear example of this logic in action. Walter's testimony mentions counterparty credit risk, the subject of my column last week. In a June white paper from the Professional Risk Manager's International Association (PRMIA), titled "Strengthening the Resilience of the Banking Sector," 360 risk managers were surveyed for their opinions on Basel changes. One important trend the PRMIA noted is that "there has been a clear move to encourage a greater use of central counterparties (CCPs) and to migrate opaque OTC derivatives to the relative transparency of the exchange-based environment." So the BCBS is proposing CCPs to mitigate counterparty risk? When PRMIA asked how this would affect the financial industry, they concluded that "regulators may be less encouraged by the fact that only 6.9% of respondents feel CCPs are a panacea to the problems with counterparty risk and disappointed by the fact that 16% feel that CCPs are good in theory but will not work in practice." Additionally, 77.1% of respondents declared CCPs as a being short of a complete answer to counterparty risk. But perhaps the most worrying result in determining the proper risk resiliency requirements of the world's largest global financial institutions was that only 8.2% of banks undertake regular reverse stress testing of counterparty risk. 35.1% do so only on an ad-hoc basis, and 56.7% report no such stress testing at all. So the BCBS is pretty successful at identifying where the cracks in the foundations are. Unfortunately it is also growing adept at using the wrong mortar to fix it. Jacob Gaffney is the editor of HousingWire and HousingWire.com. Write to him.


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There is a lot of research being done right now involving the division of household chores and relationship dynamic. This article suggests some interesting theories on the dynamic of household tasks and how emotions and couple dynamics in the modern culture come into play. I wish I could tell you that I have a great, end all disagreements, idea for dividing the housework in your marriage. But I do have a few different ideas that you can try out to and see which one works best for the two of you! We're still working to find the process that works best with our new dynamic now that I'm not working and Joe is temporarily working a lot of overtime. If you have something that works well for you or if you find one of these ways that works, let me know! These ideas are written specifically for couples with really young kids or no kids at all, who are responsible for the majority of housework all on their own. These could easily be adjusted to fit your family's stage of life and include your kids if you'd like!
Divide and Conquer
Just like you'd have a chore chart for your kids, create one for the two of you, separating the chores so that you know things are getting done and everyone has their own responsibility. This is something that Joe and I tried out when we were both working full time. There never seemed to be a day when we could get all of the cleaning done at once. We both worked and had the kids to take care of and play with after we got home from work at night. Our day off was rarely ever the same day, so one of us was either busy with the kid on our days off or spending time as a family. The last thing we wanted to do was spend hours cleaning.
We sat down together one night and listed out all of the things that needed to be done around the house on a daily, weekly and monthly basis. Then we went through each day of the week and decided how much time we were willing and able to dedicate to cleaning and divided the tasks accordingly. We also took into consideration our strengths and the tasks that we enjoy or dislike doing. On the days that we had more time, we'd tackle the big projects like cleaning the kitchen and the bathroom, one of us on each room. Other days we'd take less than half an hour to dust and vacuum the house, letting the kids help us with our tasks because those are their favorites. We had monthly tasks like cleaning out our cars or wiping down the fridge and we'd tackle one of those each week, usually on our day off.
Have a "Cleaning Party" Date Each Month
We have loved having cleaning parties and tackling the entire house once each month. We'd send the kids to grandma's house for a few hours, blast 90's pop music and get to work. It wasn't the most romantic date, but working together to tackle all of the household cleaning was somehow satisfying. We'd always treat ourselves to takeout and a movie on the couch after we'd finished and the kids were back home and in bed. Then throughout the next month, we'd keep surfaces wiped down, vacuum every few days and tackle messes as they happen. Every once in a while, we treat ourselves to professional cleaners and have them come in for an hour and tackle all of that stuff for us while we play with the kids in the backyard. I kind of feel like we need to get back to this once a month cleaning party thing...
Create a Shared Checklist
A friend of mine shared on her Instagram story the other day that she and her husband have a shared list on an app on their phones that lists all of the tasks that need to be done around the house. She said that ever since they started doing that, she'll find her husband using his free time to do things like clean the fridge. I started brainstorming how we could make this work in our home. You could use an app like Trello or print out a "chore chart" of sorts and have it laminated to hang somewhere in your home next to a marker. As you have time or during the time that you've set aside for cleaning, pick one chore off of the list, complete it and then note that it's been done. I thought that having a daily, weekly and monthly list would be a great idea, since some things are done daily and others are not done as often.
The next day I read an article about how couples are using Google spreadsheets or other apps and "chore charts" to strengthen their marriage and lessen the conflict that can come from disagreeing on chores. I loved the idea that not only do you mark that you have done the task, but that the other partner writes a thank you note or acknowledges your work in the column next to your initials. As the article notes, "recording what each person does around the house can make you realize you're not actually doing everything."
The article mentioned that having shared lists for things like household tasks "allows couples to save in-person time for talking about the really meaningful time." How true is that though? It might take a few months to get the hang of and to get a good routine down, just like setting up a budget that works, but as time goes on, you'll have a good idea of who is doing what and can add tasks to the list as they need to be done, leaving more time to talk to connect and strengthen your relationship. I know that our relationship would flourish even more if we weren't spending any of the precious moments that we have together talking about who is going to do which tasks and when they are going to get done.
How do you tackle and divide household responsibilities in your marriage?
Photography by Sadie Banks Photography


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Hi girls,
Today I'm reviewing two amazing products from Kerstin Florian – a luxury skin care brand which uses natural and organic ingredients. I purchased them after my relaxing spa treatment in the Spa Salveo at the Knockranny House Hotel, Westport. My spa therapist was extremely informative about skin care and upon analysing my face recommended me these products for dehydrated skin (I also reviewed another brand for dehydrated skin here). I'm so relieved I finally know my skin type (as confirmed by a couple of different beauticians) therefore I'm more confident spending money on good luxury brands that produce good quality skin care.
So first up is this Rehydrating Neroli Cleansing Milk.
This cleansing milk is great for removing make up without stripping skin of moisture. I found that it thoroughly removed make up even after one go as I find that other gentle cleansers need two or three goes before your make up is completely washed off. It contains nourishing botanicals such as neroli oil, apricot kernel oil and aloe Vera to soothe, hydrate and protect skin. Perfect for my sensitive skin.
I also got recommended this Rejuvinating Spirulina Masque (I love it, this girl really knew her stuff).
This stimulating masque is packed with powerful vitamins, minerals and proteins from marine super-foods to improve circulation and cell function, detoxify and increase collagen production.
This is what it's made of for anyone interested (taken from their web):
Ingredient Highlights:
• Spirulina Algae – nourishes and fortifies the skin with 63% protein, 8% minerals and a full spectrum of vital nutrients
• Chlorella – rich in chlorophyll, vitamins, minerals and trace elements to optimize skin function
• Laminaria Digitata – brown sea algae offers powerful anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects by promoting metabolism and collagen production
• Kaolin – fine clay naturally detoxifies, removes impurities and exfoliates dead skin cells
Sounds good right?! I think anything organic and not perfumed is bound to be good for your skin.
So when 15 mins is up and its time to wash it off I try to massage it into my face to further absorb all the goodness from it. It really does leave my skin more plump and glowy.
I believe Spa Salveo is the only spa stockist of this beautiful brand in Ireland but I will do a bit of research and see if they're stocked anywhere else!
I really want to try ALL of their products, they are all packed with amazing ingredients, I think my next investment will be the correcting hyaluronic serum!
And yes they are quite expensive, but I don't know any award-winning luxury skin care that's cheap and if you do please tell me!!
Have a fabulous night,


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Autoimmunity Including Intestinal Behçet Disease Bearing the KRAS Mutation in Lymphocytes: A Case Report
We experienced the case of a 3-year-old male with a very rare combination of autoimmunity, including immune thrombocytopenia, recurrent Henoch-Schönlein purpura and intestinal Behçet disease. Exome sequencing of the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified a KRAS G13C mutation. Interestingly, the KRAS G13C mutation was observed in T and B lymphocytes, as well as natural killer cells, but not granulocytes. Our case was completely phenotypically different from RASopathies and did not meet the criteria for Ras-associated lymphoproliferative disease or juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. This is the first reported case in which the KRAS mutation existed only in the lymphoid lineage. Based on the findings of our case and the current literature, it is clear that the RAS mutation in lymphoid cells is tightly linked with various autoimmune symptoms. The presence of the RAS mutation in lymphocytes should be reconsidered as a pathogenesis in cases of autoimmunity.
- autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
- Behçet disease
- granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura
- inflammatory bowel disease
- Ig —
- immunoglobulin
- interleukin
- immune thrombocytopenia
- juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
- RAS-associated lymphoproliferative disease
- tumor necrosis factor
- very early onset inflammatory bowel disease
Only a limited genetic association has been identified in cases of autoimmune disorders. One of the well-characterized autoimmune disorders caused by a gene mutation is autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS).1 Most genetic mutations of ALPS involve molecules of the FAS-dependent apoptosis signaling pathway. Patients with several congenital syndromes, such as Noonan syndrome and Kabuki syndrome, are also known to be susceptible to developing autoimmune disorders.2,3 Noonan syndrome develops as a result of germline mutations of the PTPN11, SOS1, RAF1, KRAS, and NRAS genes, which are involved in the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.4 Dysregulation of T lymphocytes in this pathway appears to play an important role in the development of autoimmunity in general and systemic lupus erythematosus in particular.5 Mutations at codons 12 and 13 of the KRAS and NRAS genes have been described in cases of Ras-associated lymphoproliferative disease (RALD).6–8 RALD features autoimmune cytopenia and lymphoproliferation secondary to a T-cell apoptosis defect, similar to ALPS. Approximately 20% to 25% of patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) have RAS mutations at codons 12, 13, and 61,6 and 65% of cases of JMML are known to involve immunologic abnormalities, including autoimmunity.7 The association between RAS mutations and autoimmunity is distinct in both germline and somatic mutations. We herein present a case of a novel KRAS mutation associated with various autoimmune disorders, including immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), recurrent Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), and intestinal Behçet disease (BD), without meeting the diagnostic criteria for RALD or JMML, although this mutation has been previously described. Intriguingly, a RAS mutation was identified in lymphocytes, but not myeloid lineage cells. This lineage specificity may have been associated with the unique phenotype observed in our case.
A 3-year old Japanese boy presented with abdominal pain, purpura on the lower limbs, and arthralgia of the bilateral ankles. No hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy was observed, and a blood examination revealed no abnormalities. The patient received oral prednisolone under a diagnosis of HSP and his symptoms immediately resolved, maintaining a disease-free status after steroid cessation. However, 2 months after steroid termination, the purpura on the patient's hip and extremities reappeared. A blood test demonstrated mild anemia and thrombocytopenia (hemoglobin level, 8.5 g/dL; platelet count, 22 × 109/L; white blood cell count, 8.4 × 109/L [monocytes: 4%; blasts: 0%]; and reticulocytes, 1.2%). The patient's serum bilirubin (0.6 mg/dL), haptoglobin (134 mg/dL), and lactate dehydrogenase (281 IU/L) levels were within normal limits. Direct Coombs and antiplatelet antibody tests were negative, and the patient's platelet-associated immunoglobulin (Ig) G level was not elevated (14 ng/107 cells). The etiology of the patient's anemia was identified as iron-deficiency (mean corpuscular volume = 62.7 fl, mean corpuscular hemoglobin = 18.1 pg, serum iron = 17 μg/dL, unsaturated iron-binding capacity = 347 μg/dL, and ferritin = 11.8 ng/mL). A bone marrow analysis revealed normal cellularity without increased blasts or myelomonocytes. Morphologically, no dysplasia was observed, whereas more megakaryocytes with fewer attached platelets were detected. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of ITP was made, and oral prednisolone therapy (2 mg/kg per day) was started. The prednisolone therapy gradually increased the platelet count, which subsequently normalized. During the process of tapering the prednisolone dose, HSP recurrence (abdominal pain, arthralgia, and purpura) was noted in association with thrombocytopenia (platelet count, 32 × 109/L). The patient also had a high-grade fever with increased serum C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, which suggested complications with bacterial infection. The administration of antibiotics and cyclosporine (3 mg/kg per day) with an increased prednisolone dose (2 mg/kg per day) resolved these symptoms and the thrombocytopenia. A skin biopsy was performed to conduct a further evaluation of the purpura, which revealed cutaneous vasculitis (Fig 1 A and B). Mutation analysis of 2 ALPS-causative genes (FAS and FASL) and several of autoinflammatory syndrome-associated genes (LPIN2, NOD2, PSTPIP1, NLRP3, MEFV, TNFRSF1A, and MVK) was performed. No pathogenic mutations were identified, although a heterozygous variation in exon 2 of the MEFV gene (p. Gly304Arg) was found (rs75977701). Colchicine was administered due to suspicions of atypical familial Mediterranean fever; however, it was not effective. Colonoscopy was also performed to assess the patient's recurrent abdominal pain, revealing an oval-shaped large ulcer in the terminal ileum in addition to many sites of ulceration in the large intestine (Fig 1C). Based on the endoscopic findings of the gut, Behçet colitis was suspected. Treatment with an antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) α monoclonal antibody (adalimumab) was administered, with which he achieved a good response. Therapy with adalimumab was provided every other week and continued for more than 13 months while the prednisolone dose was gradually tapered to maintain a symptom-free condition.
We experienced a case exhibiting various autoimmune disorders. The percentage of double negative T cells (2.75% of TCRαβ+ T lymphocytes; 2.18% of total lymphocytes) met the diagnostic criteria for ALPS (ie, more than 2.5% of TCRαβ+ lymphocytes and 1.5% of total lymphocytes, respectively). The patient's serum levels of IgG (1018 mg/dL), IgM (63 mg/dL), IgA (81 mg/dL), vitamin B12 (309 pg/mL; normal range, 233–914), soluble FASL (449.82 pg/mL; normal range, 451.6 ± 35.7), and interleukin (IL)-10 (6.49 pg/mL; normal range, 8.6 ± 9.6) were not elevated. However, there was a modest elevation in the patient's IL-18 level (520.0 pg/mL; normal range, 126.0 ± 44.5). The relative proportion of lymphocyte subpopulation was within the normal range (T cells [CD3+CD19−], 73.1%; B cells [CD3−CD19+] 14.7%). Finally, the diagnosis of ALPS was denied, based on the findings of FAS-dependent apoptosis4,9 and mutational screening of FAS and FAS-L were negative. We also conducted genomic sequencing of several candidate genes of autoinflammatory syndrome. However, these approaches failed to identify causative genes. Eventually, exome sequencing identified the oncogenic KRAS mutation (c. 37G>T, p. Gly13Cys). Germline KRAS mutations are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of cardio-facial-cutaneous syndrome and Noonan syndrome. Our case is phenotypically different from them. JMML and RALD are also known to involve KRAS somatic mutations. To explore RAS activity in lymphocytes, the apoptosis after IL-2 depletion was investigated. The apoptosis fraction of activated T lymphocytes 72 hours after IL-2 withdrawal was 34.2%, whereas that of a healthy volunteer was 45.3%. The expression of proapoptotic Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) protein in activated T lymphocytes was reduced in comparison with that seen in the healthy volunteer (Fig 1D). These in vitro phenomena were compatible with RALD; however, the phenotypic variation without lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly in the current case did not meet the concept of RALD.8 The criteria of JMML were not completely fulfilled, because our patient did not show any sign of monocytosis, increased hemoglobin F (0.8%) or granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) hypersensitivity (Table 1).9,10 All previously reported cases of JMML or RALD have carried NRAS or KRAS mutations in granulocytes and lymphocytes. In our case, genetic variation of the KRAS G13C mutation was identified (ie, mutation restricted to lymphoid lineage; Fig 1E), although CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cell-derived colonies had the same mutation. Clinical and laboratory features caused by a RAS mutation exhibit heterogeneity in lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, monocytosis, increased hemoglobin F, GM-CSF hypersensitivity, and the percentage of double negative T cells. These heterogeneities may be induced by which hematopoietic linage acquired RAS mutation (ie, lymphoid lineage, myeloid lineage, or multiple hematopoietic lineage) and the degree of the gain-of-function including the presence of somatic mosaicisms.11 This is the first case of a RAS mutation identified only in the lymphoid lineage. It is interesting that the mutation was found in CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells derived colonies; however, the mutation was not involved in the myeloid lineage. We hypothesize that the mutation occurred in CD34-positive common lymphoid progenitors. Another possibility is that the RAS mutation in stem cells preferentially induced cell differentiation to the lymphoid lineage; although no mechanism by which this could occur has been elucidated.
This case provides 2 novel clinical findings. First, the RAS mutation in lymphocytes may exist among patients with common autoimmunity, such as chronic ITP and recurrent HSP. It is not surprising that the dysregulated gain-of-function effect on Ras signaling participates in autoimmunity, because Ras is an essential protein for normal T lymphocyte function.5 Actually, 52% of 42 patients with RASopathies were shown to have autoantibodies against various tissues.2 We investigated platelet autoantibodies that could be measured with commercially available products; however, they were negative due to low sensitivity.12 It remains possible that high sensitivity examinations for autoantibodies against the critical domains of GPIb/IX and GPIIb/IIIa could be positive in the present patient.13 HSP vasculitis involves a deposition of galactose-deficient glycosylation of IgA1 with IgG immune complexes, which also suggests an autoimmune mechanism.14 Second, the RAS mutation induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An inflammatory infiltrate composed mainly of neutrophils and lymphocytes occurs in the intestinal lesions of patients with BD15; however, we could not confirm this because we were not able to obtain an adequate biopsy specimen. IL-17-producing T cells are able to mediate inflammation by promoting the recruitment of neutrophils mainly by the G-CSF pathway16 and may have a key role in IBD pathogenesis; however, anti-IL17A neutralizing antibody treatment has been demonstrated to be unsuccessful in patients with Crohn disease.17 T cells have been shown to be key players in driving intestinal inflammation; however, a complex and unsolved innate and adaptive cytokine network exists. Very early onset IBD (VEOIBD) occurs in children with a diagnosis before 6 years of age, as in our case. More than 50 genes have been identified as candidate genes of VEOIBD,18 and VEOIBD reveals a low response rate to conventional antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory therapies. Therefore, obtaining a genetic diagnosis of VEOIBD is essential for selecting appropriate treatment, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Thus far, anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody treatment has led to an excellent outcome in our patient. However, curative stem cell transplantation should be considered when resistance to conservative therapies, including biological response modifiers, appears. We experienced a case of RALD accompanied by Crohn disease (unpublished observation). Hence, RAS mutations should be considered as a causative gene of VEOIBD.
Recently, Lenzarotti et al19 described a case of the KRAS G13C mutation firstly leading to RALD and subsequently evolving from an indolent to aggressive form of leukemia. RALD and JMML are not distinct entities, but rather reflect a continuum with additional genetic or epigenetic events contributing to the clinical phenotype and evolution of the disease process. Although our case did not meet the criteria for JMML or RALD, the features are the same as those of JMML and RALD from the view of KRAS oncogenic mutations. Therefore, close monitoring of our patient is recommended to detect such evolution early. In addition, further investigations are necessary to clarify which factors determine the lineage specificity of RAS mutations to address the unsolved question as to why the RAS mutation is identified only in the lymphoid lineage.
We are grateful to Drs Megumi Obara, Piao Jinhua, Akifumi Endo, Motoy Yamashita, Kohsuke Imai, and Tomohiro Morio for performing some of the experiments. We also thank Drs Kazuya Shimoda and Kousuke Marutsuka for their useful comments on this article, and Drs Toyoki Nishimura, Ai Yamada, Daisuke Sawa, Hidemi Shimonodan, Hitomi Kojima,and Sachiyo Kamimura for their clinical support.
- Accepted December 2, 2015.
- Address correspondence to Hiroshi Moritake, MD, PhD, Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan. E-mail: hiroshi_moritake{at}med.miyazaki-u.ac.jp
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: The authors have indicated they have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose.
FUNDING: No external funding.
POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.
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- Copyright © 2016 by the American Academy of Pediatrics


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ADME-Tox screening is system is an integrated workstation for describing of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of drug molecules. ADME-Tox screening system includes biochemical assay tester which measures the physicochemical properties of a drug molecule. This system also supports the permeability assays testing which measures the drug affinity toward metabolic enzyme. ADME-Tox screening system is enabled with highly integrated software which has an inbuilt protocol for the sample testing. The protocol feed in the software can be edited as per the customized need of sample testing. ADME-Tox screening system is connected to the multi-mode reader which allows runs the wide range of protocol on primary and secondary screen. This system provide accurate toxicity test for the drug development and biopharmaceutical production.
The increasing focus of drug manufacturer to reduce the development cost of drug with least toxicological issue is the major factor driving the growth of ADME-Tox screening system market. Beside the ADME-Toxicological testing increases the potential of drug which increases the efficiency of the drug to target the desired tissue. Moreover, increasing demand for specialized drug due to rising prevalence of various chronic diseases will also upsurge the growth of AME-Tox screening system market. High installation and maintenance cost of this system will hamper the growth of this market. Additionally, lack of skilled professional to operate this system will also responsible for the sluggish growth of this market.
North America is expected to dominate the ADME-Tox screening system market due to the presence of a large number of biopharmaceutical companies in this region. Europe and Asia-Pacific will follow the North America for the ADME-Tox screening system market. In Asia-Pacific India and China are expected to be fastest growing market over the forecast period owing increased focus of leading biopharmaceutical manufacturer to expand their subsidiaries in these countries.
The global ADME-Tox Screening Systems market is valued at xx million US$ in 2018 and will reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of xx% during 2019-2025. The objectives of this study are to define, segment, and project the size of the ADME-Tox Screening Systems market based on company, product type, end user and key regions.
This report studies the global market size of ADME-Tox Screening Systems in key regions like North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Central & South America and Middle East & Africa, focuses on the consumption of ADME-Tox Screening Systems in these regions.
This research report categorizes the global ADME-Tox Screening Systems market by top players/brands, region, type and end user. This report also studies the global ADME-Tox Screening Systems market status, competition landscape, market share, growth rate, future trends, market drivers, opportunities and challenges, sales channels and distributors.
The following manufacturers are covered in this report, with sales, revenue, market share for each company:
Hudson Robotics
Agilent Tsechnologies
Beckman Counter
Market size by Product
Assay system
Market size by End User
Discovery and Development
Biopharmaceutical Production
Drug Screening
Tissue Engineering
Market size by Region
North America
United States
South Korea
Central & South America
Rest of Central & South America
Middle East & Africa
GCC Countries
South Africa
The study objectives of this report are:
To study and analyze the global ADME-Tox Screening Systems market size (value & volume) by company, key regions, products and end user, breakdown data from 2014 to 2018, and forecast to 2025.
To understand the structure of ADME-Tox Screening Systems market by identifying its various subsegments.
To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).
Focuses on the key global ADME-Tox Screening Systems companies, to define, describe and analyze the sales volume, value, market share, market competition landscape and recent development.
To project the value and sales volume of ADME-Tox Screening Systems submarkets, with respect to key regions.
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of ADME-Tox Screening Systems are as follows:
History Year: 2014-2018
Base Year: 2018
Estimated Year: 2019
Forecast Year 2019 to 2025
This report includes the estimation of market size for value (million US$) and volume (K Units). Both top-down and bottom-up approaches have been used to estimate and validate the market size of ADME-Tox Screening Systems market, to estimate the size of various other dependent submarkets in the overall market. Key players in the market have been identified through secondary research, and their market shares have been determined through primary and secondary research. All percentage shares, splits, and breakdowns have been determined using secondary sources and verified primary sources.
For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2018 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.
Get latest Market Research Reports on ADME-Tox Screening Systems . Industry analysis & Market Report on ADME-Tox Screening Systems is a syndicated market report, published as Global ADME-Tox Screening Systems Market Insights, Forecast to 2025. It is complete Research Study and Industry Analysis of ADME-Tox Screening Systems market, to understand, Market Demand, Growth, trends analysis and Factor Influencing market.


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Evidence is mounting that Justice Thomas violated federal law from 1989 through the present by failing to report his wife's annual salary by checking "NONE" on the box for "Non-Investment Income" on judicial AO 10 Financial Disclosure Reports. View seven of those forms . The amt from 2003-2009= over $680,000.
The forms that Justice Thomas signed warned him that a false statement could subject him to civil and criminal sanctions. "NOTE: ANY INDIVIDUAL WHO KNOWINGLY AND WILLFULLY FALSIFIES OR FAILS TO FILE THIS REPORT MAY BE SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL SANCTIONS (5 U.S.C. app. section 104)" The statute referenced there, 5 U.S.C. app. section 104, defines the "civil and criminal sanctions" for "knowingly and willfully falsifying" the report, as a fine "not to exceed $50,000" and "imprison[ment] for not more than 1 year, or both" for each violation.


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Next Generation Performance Management by Alan Colquitt – Free Whitepaper Available to Download Now
In December 2018, we spoke with Alan Colquitt on the topic of re-inventing Performance Management (PM) within the contemporary digital work environment. As the conversation veered from surveillance systems to agency theory, a key theme began to emerge – the science behind PM is becoming more and more compelling. As a practice, PM is on the edge of superseding previously long-held beliefs, superstitions, and models that were developed during the post-industrial economic expansion of the 20th Century. However, the reality for many HR professionals remains a little more complex and many established PM models abound.
The following interview will be essential reading for any business professional interested in the new pathways PM will find itself traveling in the very near future.
Alan L. Colquitt Ph.D., is a talent management, organizational change and human capital analytics expert. Alan was previously the Director of Global Assessment, Workforce Research, and Organizational Effectiveness at Eli Lilly and Company before branching off on his own. He has worked as an internal consultant in the pharmaceutical and consumer products industries, building organizational capability and advising executives, business leaders, and HR professionals. His thinking and research appears in many books, chapters, articles, blog posts, magazine articles, and white papers. His latest book: Next Generation Performance Management: The Triumph Of Science Over Myth And Superstition is a must-read for all interested in the critical evolution of Performance Management.
For more from Alan Colquitt, please check out his website, take a look at his book, or connect with him on LinkedIn.
Want to hear more content like this? The Digital HR Summit will be coming to Amsterdam in 2018!
The HR Congress will return to Brussels on November 27-28 2018, featuring a selection of 60+ international speakers including; Dave Ulrich, Amy Edmonson, Mark Mortensen, Vineet Nayar, Antonio Nieto-Rodriguez and M. Tamra Chandler. Book your ticket today and join over 900 of your peers for two unparalleled days of learning, networking, and thought-provoking presentations!
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Shipibo Biblia - Shipibo Bible
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Discovered by Player FM and our community — copyright is owned by the publisher, not Player FM, and audio streamed directly from their servers.
The Shipibo Audio Drama New Testament (TBL) is a unique presentation of the Audio Bible with approximately 180 different characters and a digitally recorded sound track with full sound effects. For a list of other available languages go to our website at http://FaithComesByHearing.com. The mission of Faith Comes By Hearing is to bring His Church together and make disciples from every nation, tribe, language, and people: to give every person the opportunity to listen completely through the New Testament in their heart language.
260 episodes available. A new episode about every 0 hours averaging 8 mins duration .


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Sick people are almost always nervous, especially those who suffer from chronic illnesses. Even an ordinary cough does not always have an infectious origin. The connection between the state of health and the nervous system is lower, and also about how to strengthen one's nerves so as not to get sick.
1. Psychosomatics
There is a whole science about the influence of nerves on the body, which is called psychosomatics. Its founder was the German scientist Johann Heinrot in the last century. His theory is based on the fact that the cause of many diseases is not a physical or organic action, but an emotional state of a person: depression, stress, unrest.
Sick people are almost always nervous, especially those who suffer from chronic illnesses. And as a result, it turns out that all the health problems lie in our head. This is what psychosomatics teaches.
2. Effects of nerves on the body
Let's say that you are suppressed with something, you rarely smile. And it already lasts several weeks. As a result, your psyche reacts negatively to any relationship with you, lack of vivacity. As a result, the body stops functioning properly, he is also depressed. Muscle blocks appear as a result of constant tension, which leads to the appearance of diseases.
Basically, almost all chronic diseases of internal organs (also tumors) can be caused by a state of resentment against someone, including oneself. People engaged in samoyedstvo, have a tendency to erosion and ulcers. Forgiveness is important not only in religion but also in medicine. According to the theories of scientists, those organs that are the weakest in man fall under attack.
3. Emotions and subconsciousness
Scientists have proved that the disease arises unconsciously. Also, the state of the body is directly related to the patient's emotions. If the legs hurt, then the person has bothered constantly to run somewhere, and if the hearing is lost, he does not want to hear something, etc. In this way, as if avoiding some problems, he makes his life more comfortable without even realizing it.
Agree that even an ordinary conflict entails a headache or heartache. Feeling uncomfortable, a person no longer wants to quarrel, but on the contrary, just rests and does not communicate with anyone. Hides in its shell, covered in disease. Of course, this is not done specifically, the patient himself can not even suspect anything.
Often not finding help from an ordinary doctor, they turn to a church or a psychologist. According to statistics, many people change their way of life and themselves, finding support and understanding. Diseases recede or go into a lighter form.
But, referring to the help of an outsider, one must remember that he is not a fairy with a magic wand, which will easily remove all problems. Hoping completely for him, you can further aggravate your condition. The main medicine is inside you! And no one can help to tidy your nervous system if you do not want it.
4. How to calm your nerves?
Here is a list of diseases that arise from the nerves: bronchial asthma, allergy, heart disease, colitis, stomach and duodenal ulcer, diabetes mellitus, neurodermatitis, psoriasis, polyarthritis, migraine, thyroid diseases, tumors.
To improve your condition, you should avoid conflict situations. Of course, this is not always easy to do, because problems in relations with people are always enough, but to reduce quarrels and resentments to a minimum – you can!
Change yourself!
Negative aspects of one's character should be considered. To remove from life that which leads to its destruction. Think, what would you like to change in yourself? Maybe you are too emotional, you constantly demand something, are aggressive or something else?
Describe yourself from other people, highlight all your positive and negative traits. The last try to change over time, belief in yourself and your strength. If you are nervous, repeat it hundreds of times: "I am calm, I am calm."
Think about what your illness, whatever it may be, does not really bring happiness, and it will be much better to get rid of it. But you can do it only due to the calmness of your nervous system. This is the first step to getting rid of depression.
Medication and rest
Then you can resort to the help of medications, they are now a lot. In any pharmacy, you will find a cure for stress and depression. For the treatment of nerves, folk remedies can also be used. Among plants, a good soothing effect is chamomile, mint, peony, motherwort, cucumber grass, willow-tea, walnuts, coriander, etc.
Positively affect the rest, music, movies, communication with people who understand you, as well as doing what they love. Only complex therapy can give the desired result and calm your nerves.
Remember that we are all people, all different, we have our thoughts, desires, fears, problems. But not always everything is happening, as we want, and then we start snapping, nervous, not thinking that this behavior harms only our health. Of course, we need to fight for a better future. But if you walk through life calmly, success will overtake you.


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If you are planning a trip to Costa Rica and would like to learn more about the luxury boutique hotels in the Grupo Islita portfolio, please direct your inquiries to the address or phone numbers listed below. We will contact you within one business day. To ensure that you receive our response, please add the relevant contact to your address book.
Phone: +11 (506) 2231-6122 | Toll Free: 1-866-446-4053
Fax number: +011 (506) 2232-2183 (7:00 am to 7:00 pm).
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As revealed at APAHM Opening Ceremony, we are having an awards show!
There are many hidden figures and underrated organizations that put immense passion for its culture and values. It is time to acknowledge, celebrate, and recognize the APAC community at UCF.
Please submit the application and required essay/supplemental materials on KnightConnect, by Monday, April 16th, 2018 at 11:45 PM. Winners will be announced at the Inaugural Hidden Lotus Closing Ceremony, Wednesday, April 18, 2018, at the University of Central Florida's Cape Florida Ballroom in the Student Union at 9:00 PM
Formal Attire
Location:Student Union: Cape Florida Ballroom
Multicultural Student Center 4078230401 firstname.lastname@example.com


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WhatIsCholesterol.com - Lots of unique traffic and clicks on this one. A nice educational website is what people are looking for and you can provide it to them using this domain name!
The Domains an industry news site publishing up-to-date content created by domain name experts since 2007!
TLDInvestors - Domain Investing Stats and Tips A great blog by an industry veteran!
DomainShane.com - Outsmarting the Dumb, Outworking the Smart
AbdulBasit Makrani - Domain Name News, Tips and Investing
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Windsor-Severance school board met to decide on schedule for bond improvement projects
Mary-Kate Newton
Superintendent Dan Seegmiller said getting bond issues 3B and 3C passed by voters was only the beginning of work for the district.
"There's still a lot more planning and a lot more work to be done," he said Tuesday.
The Windsor-Severance school board met Monday to approve a schedule for construction and improvement projects funded by the bond. The schedule will be released next week at http://www.weldre4.org/bond.
Ballot issues 3B and 3C, which were approved by voters this month, are a $104.8 million bond and a $3.6 million mill levy override. About $55 million will go toward constructing a second high school northeast of Severance Middle School and about $30 million will go to renovations and improvements at Windsor High School.
It's the renovations at Windsor High School, Seegmiller said will be the most tricky to schedule.
The design and programming step of improving Windsor High School has already started with planning. Construction will begin the summer of 2017, and officials predict will take a little more than 66 weeks.
"It is imperative that we don't disrupt classroom time as we make improvements," Seegmiller said.


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Planet earth 2
Is it just us or is an hour of uninterrupted David Attenborough not the best way to wind down the week on a Sunday evening? This weeks episode of Planet Earth 2 had us on the edge of our seats and even in tears at the end. The BBC has surpassed all of our extremely high expectations with this new series and has produced what we can only describe as some of the best television we've ever seen. If you've been living under a rock and haven't caught any of the first 3 episodes get it on catch up now.


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Have you ever had a point in your life that you felt like you were in a "funk." You know, just a period of time where mentally, physically, and emotionally you have felt like you just can't get your mojo flowing? As I often do, I Googled the definition of "funk" and the two definitions I found were:
North America - A state of depression
British – Avoid (a task or thing) out of fear
I have heard that statement several times recently, perhaps because the winter was so long for my northern clients, or perhaps it is just that many have been hit by some pretty big issues recently. I've experienced it a time or two (or twenty) myself, so after I heard it several times I tried to think of what caused it to happen and what got me out my "funk?" For me, many times it was caused by prolonged stress or negative situations for which I've failed to recognize that a decision needed to be made. That probably sounds odd, but you've probably heard of the saying, "in-action is action," and not doing something, but instead letting it sit heavy on your shoulders really can be a heavy weight.
You're probably thinking, is she now getting into psychology? Well no, but there are tons of studies that link mental health and financial health. Think about it, have you ever been hit with an unexpected expense that you didn't have the funds set aside for? Even if you have money saved or cash flow to cover it, it is still a feeling of "great, where am I going to come up with that?"
Ever been told:
Your roof needs to be replaced this year when you were expecting to get 3 – 4 more years out of it? Or,
The college bill is coming due and the grants or financial aid wasn't as much as you thought it might be? Or,
Mom or dad need more care than you can give them? Or,
Even that your taxes and HOA fees are going up significantly? Or,
Something as simple as giving your (non-waterproof) cell phone a bath when you are out of town visiting clients! Yes, this one just recently happened to me!
It can cause more than just frustration, it can cause true emotional reactions. So what steps can you take to get beyond the "funk?" I found some creative tips in dealing with this on the tiny buddha website:
Get your mind out of your way. I find that when I write things down, the anxiety that comes with the issue melts away a bit.I can create all sorts of scenarios and possibility when anything hits me. However, if I actually write down the problem and look at the possible solutions, especially when it is financial, I see the black and white of it. I am not saying it is that easy, because sometimes when the facts are clear financially we have to figure out how to deal with the emotion that comes with that decision. I recently spoke to a wonderful young women who was going to sell her family bar; this bar had been in the family since the 1950's. She could clearly see that financially she needed to get rid of it, but she'd been holding onto it because she couldn't separate the financials from the emotional. But this caused enormous stress and she was in a funk. When she finally got her mind out of the way and determined that the bar had to go, it was about recovering her life, not so much the amount of money she put into the bar.
Swing the bat at the curve ball.Who likes curve balls – NO ONE! But if we just let the ball fly past us every time and we don't swing the bat we will never know what we are capable of. I know this is a small thing, but when my phone took its bath, I was not excited about it, but I threw it in a bag of rice and got it to the state of semi-functioning. On the way home, we called our Verizon Wireless expert and had him get a phone ready for me to pick up on the way home. In the meantime, life was quiet, I disconnected for two full days! What a jewel in disguise!
Breathe. Tiny Buddha recommends meditation, and while I would love to get to that level personally, let's talk baby steps and just practice some deep breathing. While you are doing that, be thinking, who can help me with this problem? Who can I talk through this issue with? The roof needs to be replaced? Okay, what are your options? What can you control and what can't you control? Where can you temporally cut in order to make this doable? Is there a short-term loan you can take out to help cover the cost?
Not on the list, but one of my favorites - remember you are not alone in life. It's likely someone else has gone through what you are going through; get support from them. How did they cope? What did they learn and how can you avoid some of the mistakes they felt they made?
There is a psychology to money and figuring out if it is the cause of your "funk" is just as important as all the black and white that goes with managing your finances.


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Sarana Haeata
Sarana is a multi disciplinary artist whose work spans across ceramics, illustration, digital art and dance. Sarana's work is inspired by children's books, pop culture and interior design and often holds a focus on the relationship between commercial design and fine art. Sarana works as a free lance designer while running her home décor ceramics business. She has exhibited in Perth, Melbourne, Sydney and New York and has been teaching her tricks of the trade for the past two years.


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By now you are probably familiar with the radio and TV ads for OfferPad.com and OpenDoor.com. These companies are advertising the listing/selling process as a headache and a hassle. We don't believe selling a home has to be either of those things. We also believe sellers need to be cared about through the process of selling and not just be an account number to a large institution.
Recently we were contacted by a person who wanted to sell his home. He had contacted OfferPad.com and had received an offer from them for his home that came with a 7% transaction fee. Instead of selling to OfferPad.com he listed the home with us. His home is selling for $26,000 more than what OfferPad.com offered him and the sale has been done by a team who cares about him and has given him personal attention throughout the process.
Ultimately, the people who sell their homes to OfferPad.com and OpenDoor.com are receiving far less money for their home than they would receive if they were working with us - or almost any other REALTOR®.
Friends don't let friends lose that kind of money on the sale of their home. If you know and care about someone considering selling their home, we would love to be introduced to them to not only make sure they make the most money from their sale, but that it's done so with expertise and kindness.
Congratulations to our clients & friends
991 NAthan Ridge rd
3 bed/2 bath
On a corner lot, just 2 blocks from the community amenity center, this 3 bed/2 bath home with office and 3-car garage offers quality finishes, energy efficiency, and luxury upgrades.


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1. Seeing Flag live
A cliché question amongst music bores is 'best festival line-up dead or alive'. Black Flag would always be on my list. Ideally, Keith Morris would sing most of the set and Henry Rollins would sing 'My War' with Kira on bass. FLAG, a reunited Black Flag without Greg Ginn, is as close to that fantasy as I'll ever get. If you watch closely, you can see me (and my best friend next to me) getting stomped in the left corner of your screen.
The setlist:
This is one of my bruises the next day.
Unfortunatley, that was the least of it. The muscles on the right side of my neck got infected after being overly stressed at the gig, so I ended up in the emergency room at the hospital a few days later.
They fitted me with a neck brace and I was zonked out on muscle relaxers, painkillers and antibiotics for a few days. ("Some day, I'll feel no pain .. They'll take away the part that hurts and let the rest remain.")
2. Hanging with my friends
Despite being in real pain, I did manage to spend a few hours with people who have no agenda whatsoever except seeing me happy. As you get older, that becomes surprisingly rare.
3. Resting my head on Dominique Nzeyimana's shoulder in the sun
My daughter is eight years old now. She was scared my injury would mean I would miss her performance at her school's annual 'Fancy Fair'. She had prepared two dance routines and performed them both under a warm spring sun. As I watched her, I rested my head on the shoulder of Dominique. The smell of the warm fabric of her coat, the sun on my face and the feeling of being there with her infused the moment with the kind of happiness you remember from childhood. I admit that like most people, a large chunk of my time is consumed by what W.H. Auden calls 'And in his own weak person, if he can, dully put up with the wrongs of man'. But I also admit that I am lucky. And thankful for it.


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GB-133 Bourbon Brown Native American Feather Padded Strap
Bourbon Brown Padded Strap with Native American Feather Pattern
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This strap is from our new GB Series, featuring traditional leather tooling designs and a "worn-in" weathered finish. Simple, unique and really comfortable.
GB-133 Bourbon Brown Padded Strap with Native American Feather Pattern
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Make: Electronics: Learning Through Discovery 2nd Edition
Here you will find unique, photographically precise diagrams of breadboarded components, to help you build circuits with speed and precision. A new shopping guide and a simplified range of components, will minimize your investment in parts for the projects. A completely new section on the Arduino shows you how to write properly structured programs instead of just downloading other people's code. Projects have been reworked to provide additional features, and the book has been restructured to offer a step-by-step learning process that is as clear and visually pleasing on handheld devices as it is on paper. Full color is used throughout.
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text: Red Oak ISD announces inclement weather makeup days Share:Click to print (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window)Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)Posted in Headline, Red Oak on March 03, 2015 by Publisher Photo courtesy Red Oak ISD. RED OAK — Red Oak Independent School District has announced Friday, April 3 and Friday, May 22 as makeup days because of inclement weather that closed schools on Feb. 23 and Feb. 24."The district will hold school on April 3 and May 22 to make up for the two days missed in February. May 22 was already held as a possible bad weather make up day," Red Oak ISD released in a statement.The district said that although April 3 is Good Friday, the date selection could not be avoided."The district sought several options to avoid holding school on April 3 as many families recognize Good Friday. However, the state has changed the protocols for districts this year. Red Oak ISD, and districts across the state, will no longer be able to exchange early release days for bad weather make up days. The state also prohibits districts from having an early release day on a bad weather make up day."Students who observe religious holidays may be exempt from an absence if certain conditions are met."Please note that a student who misses school for the purpose of observing a religious holy day will be counted present if the student provides required documentation. As defined in the Red Oak ISD Student Handbook, this would require a signed note from the student's parent/guardian stating the holy day observed," the statement said.Red Oak ISD joins Midlothian ISD and Palmer ISD in using Good Friday as one of the two makeup days.Midlothian ISD previously announced Friday, April 3 and Friday, May 22 as makeup days.Palmer ISD will use Monday, April 27 and Friday, May 22 as makeup days.Waxhachie ISD has avoided using Good Friday as a makeup day. The district will use Monday, March 16 and Friday, June 5 as makeup days along with June 3 no longer being an early release day. June 4 will be an early release day for secondary students only and June 5 will be an early release day for all grade levels. You may also be interested in readingMidlothian, Palmer and Waxahachie ISDs announce makeup daysRed Oak and Ferris ISDs to apply for makeup day waivers from TEATornado damage to Donald T. Shields Elementary causes district to move classesWISD Superintendent Glenn reverses decision and will stay in WaxahachieRed Oak cancels Christmas event and paradeRed Oak ISD to set new elementary school boundariesROISD names principal for new elementary schoolRed Oak ISD to host 3rd Annual Special Olympics MeetRed Oak shooting suspect at large; May be in MexicoRural residents near Red Oak may lose fire protection services ← March 2: Happy Texas Independence DayGraduate Caston Scholarship goes to 17 Navarro College graduates → You must log in to post a comment.