text:
For every wedding inquiry we receive, we respond with 4 questions in return. This lets us know how interested they are in Green Couch Photography, specifically, and why they want us to shoot their wedding. The resounding response for the "why" is due to our "ability to capture the couples' personality without being super posey about it." What they don't actually realize is every one of those "non-posey" images are … "super posey." The fact is, posing your couple isn't what it used to be.
Posing brides, babies, and red heads
One of the tough lessons Chris and I had to learn was posing. When you walk into a camera shop and look at the bookshelf you will see stacks of posing guides; how to pose brides, seniors, babies, red heads, dogs, basketball hoops, clouds… okay sorry, I got a little carried away there with the list but you get the point. There is a serious focus on how to pose people. Why? Because clients will frequently ask, "Are you going to pose me? I have no idea what I'm doing."
Models make my life easier
If we are working with paid models life becomes a breeze. They understand light, sight lines, posture, etc. It's their job to know how to look good in a picture. In the wedding photography industry, models are rare so it's 100% up to the person behind the lens to accomplish this task. This is why it is so important for you, as the photographer to understand the technical information. A couple is not going to know that the half light on their face from the window is going to set the mood for the shot. They also won't understand that you are going to expose for the face of only one of them so as to draw attention to their expression. This doesn't matter to them. Why would it?! It only matters that YOU get the shot.
Put down the magazine
Believe me when I say, it is so much easier than you think. I know you would like to virtually slap me because I just got done saying how difficult it was to learn. Right, it was. But that's because I was reading books and magazines telling me how to set up a pose. It wasn't until I ditched the guides and looked at the couples interacting that I really understood how to pose my subjects. The answer was right in front of me the whole time!
Hey look! A video
Check out this video from an engagement shoot we recently did for Craig + Mindy and tell me how many times you noticed them change their poses from my direction.
Posing Your Couple from Zac Surant on Vimeo.
Put the camera down
They moved positions once, from standing to sitting. Do you know what I directed them to do? "Craig, go ahead and whisper something in Mindy's ear. Okay, now sit down together." The whole interaction you see is them just having fun. Yes, I technically "posed" them, but all I asked them to do was have fun together. My job at that point was to encourage them to not be shy (which I will discuss in a later post). I interact with every couple. Remember you do this all the time…they don't. Put the camera down and talk to them.
Coffee is for more than just the caffeine
All of this is can be summed up by telling you to stop stressing about how to pose. Trust me, you can do it. Just get to know your clients. Take them out for coffee. Figure out who they are, how they interact together and allow for them to be themselves. Don't get me wrong, I intervene when I need to. After all, I'm not just being paid to take pictures of them whispering to each other. But I also don't have to move them 20 different times for 20 different shots.
So what's the focus here?
Here is the breakdown of the perfect poses:
- Know your couple
- Find your light
- Make them feel comfortable
- Let them be themselves
- Take the shot!
See? Simple.


text:
LGBT in Islam
Persian Shah Abbas with a page (1627).
LGBT and Islam is influenced by the religious, legal and cultural
history of the nations with a sizable Muslim population, along with
specific passages in the Qur'an and statements attributed to the prophet
Muhammad (hadith). Hadiths traditionally are not interpreted because
their language is understood to be simple matter of fact language.
Orthodox Islam is not only a system of beliefs, but also a legal system.
The traditional schools of Islamic law based on Qur'anic verses and
hadith consider homosexual acts a punishable crime and a sin, and
influenced by Islamic scholars such as Imam Malik and Imam Shafi.
The Qur'an cites the story of the "people of Lot" (also known as the
people of Sodom and Gomorrah), destroyed by the wrath of God
because they engaged in "lustful" carnal acts between men.
Nevertheless, homoerotic themes were present in poetry and other
literature written by some Muslims from the medieval period onwards
and sometimes homoeroticism in the form of pederasty was seen in a
positive way.
Today in most of the Islamic world homosexuality is not socially or
legally accepted. In these countries, Afghanistan, Iran, Mauritania,
Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, the UAE, and Yemen,
homosexual activity carries the death penalty.
Alternatively, same-sex sexual intercourse is legal in about twenty Muslim-majority nations (Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Turkey, Lebanon, Palestine, Iraq, Syria, Bahrain, Jordan, Niger, Chad, Djibouti, Northern Cyprus,
Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Abkhazia, Mali, and most of Indonesia). In Albania, Lebanon, and
Turkey, there have been discussions about legalizing same-sex marriage. Homosexual relations between females is
legal in Kuwait (but homosexual acts between males are illegal). Lebanon has had recent internal efforts to legalize
homosexuality. Even in regions where homosexuality is not illegal it is seen as a shame by most
families,Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch#Unsupported attributions and privately executing the
punishments required by Islamic lawWikipedia:Avoid weasel words may be seen as morally justified.
Most Muslim-majority countries have opposed moves to progress LGBT rights at the United Nations, in the General
Assembly and/or the UNHRC. However, Albania and Sierra Leone have signed a UN Declaration supporting LGBT
OIC member-state Mozambique provides LGBT rights protections in law in the form of non-discrimination
laws, and discussions on legally recognizing same-sex marriage have been held in the country.
LGBT in Islam
Islamic law
The Quran
The Quran contains seven references to "the people of Lut", the biblical Lot, but meaning the residents of Sodom and
Gomorrah (references 7:8084, 11:7783, 21:74, 22:43, 26:165175, 27:5659, and 29:2733), and their
destruction by Allah is associated explicitly with their sexual practices:
And (We sent) Lot when he said to his people: What! do you commit an indecency which any one in
the world has not done before you? Most surely you come to males in lust besides females; nay you are
an extravagant people. And the answer of his people was no other than that they said: Turn them out of
your town, surely they are a people who seek to purify (themselves). So We delivered him and his
followers, except his wife; she was of those who remained behind. And We rained upon them a rain;
consider then what was the end of the guilty.
[ 7:8084
[9](Translated byShakir)]
The sins of the people of Lot became proverbial, and the Arabic words for homosexual behaviour (liwat) and for a
person who performs such acts (luti) both derive from his name. There is, however, only one passage in the Qur'an
which can be interpreted as prescribing a legal position, and is not restricted to homosexual behaviour - in fact it
deals with public practice of adultery:
And as for those who are guilty of an indecency from among your women, call to witnesses against
them four (witnesses) from among you; then if they bear witness confine them to the houses until death
takes them away or Allah opens some way for them. And as for the two who are guilty of indecency
from among you, give them both a punishment; then if they repent and amend, turn aside from them;
surely Allah is oft-returning (to mercy), the Merciful.
[ 4:1516
[10](Translated byShakir)]
Islamist journalist Muhammad Jalal Kishk found no prescribed punishment for homosexuality in Islamic law
Several modern day scholars, including Scott Kugle, argue for a different interpretation of the Lot narrative focusing
not on the sexual act but on the infidelity of the tribe and their rejection of Lot's Prophethood.
The Hadith and Seerah
The hadith (sayings and actions of Muhammad) show that homosexuality was not unknown in Arabia. Given that the
Qur'an is vague regarding the punishment of homosexual sodomy, Islamic jurists turned to the collections of the
hadith and seerah (accounts of Muhammad's life) to support their argument for Hudud punishment; these are
perfectly clear but particularly harsh.
Ibn al-Jawzi[12] records Muhammad as cursing sodomites in several hadith, and recommending the death penalty
for both the active and passive partners in same-sex acts.
Sunan al-Tirmidhi, compiling his work two centuries after the death of Muhammad, wrote that Muhammad had
prescribed the death penalty for both the active and the passive partner: "Whoever you find committing the sin of the
people of Lut (Lot), kill them, both the one who does it and the one to whom it is done." The overall moral or
theological principle is that a person who performs such actions (luti) challenges the harmony of God's creation, and
is therefore a revolt against God.
Al-Nuwayri in his Nihaya reports that the Prophet is alleged to have said what he feared most for his community
were the practices of the people of Lot (although he seems to have expressed the same idea in regard to wine and
female seduction).
Narated By Abdullah ibn Abbas : The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: If you find anyone doing as Lot's
people did, kill the one who does it, and the one to whom it is done.
Sunan Abu Dawood, 38:4447
see also Sunan Abu Dawood, 38:4448
Sunan Abu Dawood, 31:4007
Sunan Abu Dawood, 31:4008
Sunan Abu Dawood, 11:2169
Sunan Abu Dawood, 32:4087
Sunan Abu Dawood, 32:4088
LGBT in Islam
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: The Prophet cursed effeminate men; those men who are in the similitude (assume the
manners of women) and those women who assume the manners of men, and he said, "Turn them out of your
houses." The Prophet turned out such-and-such man, and 'Umar turned out such-and-such woman.
Sahih al-Bukhari, 7:72:774
see also Sahih al-Bukhari, 8:82:820
Medieval jurisprudence
The four schools of shari'a (Islamic law) disagreed on what punishment is appropriate for liwat. Abu Bakr Al-Jassas
(d. 981 AD/370 AH) argued that the two hadiths on killing homosexuals "are not reliable by any means and no legal
punishment can be prescribed based on them",
and the Hanafi school held that it does not merit any physical
punishment, on the basis of a hadith that "Muslim blood can only be spilled for adultery, apostasy and homicide";
against this the Hanbali school held that sodomy is a form of adultery and must incur the same penalty, i.e. death.
There were varying opinions on how the death penalty is to be carried out. Abu Bakr recommended toppling a wall
on the evil-doer, or else burning alive, while Ali bin Abi Talib ordered death by stoning for one "luti" and had
another thrown head-first from the top of a minaretaccording to Ibn Abbas, this last punishment must be followed
by stoning.
Rulings by modern scholars of Islam
With few exceptions all scholars of Sharia, or Islamic law, interpret homosexual activity as a punishable offence as
well as a sin. There is no specific punishment prescribed, however, and this is usually left to the discretion of the
local authorities on Islam.
Mohamed El-Moctar El-Shinqiti, a contemporary Mauritanian scholar, has argued that
"[even though] homosexuality is a grievous sin...[a] no legal punishment is stated in the Qur'an for
homosexuality...[b] it is not reported that Prophet Muhammad has punished somebody for committing
homosexuality...[c] there is no authentic hadith reported from the Prophet prescribing a punishment for the
homosexuals..." Hadith scholars such as Al-Bukhari, Yahya ibn Ma`in, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Hazm, Al-Tirmidhi, and
others have impugned these statements.
Faisal Kutty, a professor of Islamic law at Indiana-based Valparaiso University Law School and Toronto-based
Osgoode Hall Law School, commented on the contemporary same-sex marriage debate in a March 27, 2014 essay in
the Huffington Post. He acknowledged that while Islamic law iterations prohibits pre and extra marital as well as
same-sex sexual activity, it does not attempt to regulate feelings, emotions and urges, but only its translation into
action that authorities had declared unlawful. Kutty, who teaches comparative law and legal reasoning, also wrote
that many Islamic scholars have even argued that homosexual tendencies themselves were not haram [prohibited]
but had to be suppressed for the public good. He noted that this may not be what the LGBTQ community wants to
hear, but he wrote that, it reveals that even classical Islamic jurists struggled with this issue and had a more
sophisticated attitude than many contemporary Muslims. Kutty who in the past wrote in support of allowing Islamic
principles in dispute resolution also noted that most Muslims have no problem extending full human rights to those
- even Muslims - who live together in sin. He argued that therefore it seems hypocritical to deny fundamental
rights to same-sex couples. Moreover, he argued as pointed out by Islamic legal scholar Mohamed Fadel, this is not
about changing Islamic marriage (nikah), but about making "sure that all citizens have access to the same kinds of
public benefits.
LGBT in Islam
Views of homosexuality in Islamic societies
Modern day
Major denominations and religions of the world
LGBT rights at the United Nationsvte
During the Ottoman Empire,
homosexuality was decriminalized in
1858, as part of a wider reforms during
the Tanzimat.
Raphael Patai in The Arab Mind, has
argued that among some Arabs and
Turks homosexuality can be justified
as an expression of power. The active
homosexual act is considered as an
assertion of ones aggressive masculine
superiority, while the acceptance of the
role of the passive homosexual is
considered extremely degrading and
shameful because it casts the man or
youth into a submissive, feminine
In 2011, the United Nations Human
Rights Council passed its first
resolution recognizing LGBT rights,
which was followed up with a report
from the UN Human Rights
Commission documenting violations of
the rights of LGBT people. The two
world maps of religions of the world
and the countries that support LGBT rights at the UN give an impression of the official attitude towards
homosexuality in the Muslim world.
Rejection of homosexuality according to opinion polls
In a study on the global acceptance of homosexuality by Pew Research Center, released June 4, 2013 it is stated:
The survey of publics in 39 countries finds broad acceptance of homosexuality in North America, the
European Union, and much of Latin America, but equally widespread rejection in predominantly
Muslim nations and in Africa, as well as in parts of Asia and in Russia.
LGBT in Islam
Age and views on homosexuality
Country 18-29 30-49 50+
Homosexuality should be accepted % % %
Malaysia 7 10 11
Turkey 7 9 10
Palestinian territories 5 3 --
Indonesia 4 3 2
Jordan 5 1 1
Egypt 3 2 3
Tunisia 3 2 1
Pakistan 2 2 2
Source: "The Global Divide on Homosexuality"
(Website). PEW Research. 4 June 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-13.
In the UK, a Gallup poll showed that none of the 500 British Muslims polled believed homosexuality to be "morally
acceptable", compared with 35% of the 1001 French Muslims polled. A 2007 survey of British Muslims showed that
61% believe homosexuality should be illegal, with up to 71% young British Muslims holding this belief.
According to a 2012 poll, 51% of the Turks in Germany, who account for nearly two thirds of the total Muslim
population in Germany,
believe that homosexuality is a sickness.
Sex between boys and men
Despite the formal disapproval of religious authority, the segregation of women in Muslim societies and the strong
emphasis on male virility leads adolescent males and unmarried young men to seek sexual outlets with boys younger
than themselvesin one study in Morocco, with boys in the age-range 7 to 13.
Men have sex with other males so
long as they are the penetrators and their partners are boys, or in some cases effeminate men.
Liwat is regarded as
a temptation,
and anal intercourse is not seen as repulsively unnatural so much as dangerously attractive. They
believe "one has to avoid getting buggered precisely in order not to acquire a taste for it and thus become addicted."
Not all sodomy is homosexual: one Moroccan sociologist, in a study of sex education in his native country, notes
that for many young men heterosexual sodomy is considered better than vaginal penetration, and female prostitutes
likewise report the demand for anal penetration from their (male) clients.
It is not so much the penetration as the enjoyment that is considered bad.
Deep shame attaches to the passive
partner: "for this reason men stop getting laid at the age of 15 or 16 and 'forget' that they ever
allowed/suffered/enjoyed it earlier."Wikipedia:Citation needed Similar sexual sociologies are reported for other
Muslim societies from North Africa to Pakistan and the Far East.
In Afghanistan in 2009, the British Army was
forced to commission a report into the sexuality of the local men after British soldiers reported the discomfort at
witnessing adult males involved in sexual relations with boys. The report stated that though illegal, there was a
tradition of such relationships in the country, known as "bache bazi" or boy play, and that it was especially strong
around Kandahar. This should be compared with the famous episode of T. E. Lawrence's homosexual rape in Revolt
in the Desert.
LGBT in Islam
Gay marriage
In 2007 there was a gay party in the Moroccan town of al-Qasr al-Kabir. Rumours spread that this was a gay
marriage and more than 600 people took to the streets, condemning the alleged event and protesting against leniency
towards homosexuals.
Several persons who attended the party were detained and eventually six Moroccan men
were sentenced to between four and ten months in prison for "homosexuality".
In France there was an Islamic same-sex marriage on February 18, 2012.
In Paris in November 2012 a room in a
Buddhist prayer hall was used by gay Muslims and called a "gay-friendly mosque",
and a French Islamic website
is supporting religious same-sex marriage.
An American Muslim in the US Congress, Keith Ellison said in 2010 that all discrimination against LGBT people is
He further expressed support for gay marriage stating:
I believe that the right to marry someone who you please is so fundamental it should not be subject to
popular approval any more than we should vote on whether blacks should be allowed to sit in the front
of the bus.
Medieval era
Ottoman illustration depicting a
young man used for group sex (from
Sawaqub al-Manaquib)
Increasing prosperity resulting from Muslim conquests in the centuries following
Muhammad's death, was accompanied by what some Muslims bemoaned as a
general "corruption" of morals in the two holy cities of Mecca and Medina.
Therefore, in spite of its condemnation by religious authorities, homosexuality
persisted in a subterranean manner. And it seems to have become less of a rarity
as the process of acculturation sped up. Information relating to the development
of music and song reveals the presence of mukhannathun, who were apparently
for the most part of foreign origin. The arrival of the Abbasid army to Arabia in
the 8th century seems to have meant that tolerance for homosexual practice
subsequently spread more widely under the new dynasty. The ruler Al-Amin, for
example, was said to have required slave women to be dressed in masculine
clothing in the hope of inducing him to adopt more conventional morals.
There are other examples from the following centuries. The Aghlabid Emir,
Ibrahim II of Ifriqiya (ruled 875902), was said to have been surrounded by
some sixty catamites, yet whom he was said to have treated in a most horrific
manner. Caliph al-Mutasim in the 9th century and some of his successors were
accused of homosexuality. The popular stories says that Cordoba, Abd
al-Rahman III had executed a young man from Len who was held as a hostage,
because he had refused his advances during the Reconquista.
Mehmed the Conqueror, the Ottoman sultan living in the 15th century, European sources say who was known to
have ambivalent sexual tastes, sent a eunuch to the house of Notaras, demanding that he supply his good looking
fourteen year old son for the Sultans pleasure. When he refused, the Sultan instantly ordered the decapitation of
Notaras, together with that of his son and his son-in-law; and their three heads were placed on the banqueting
table before him.
Another youth Mehmed found attractive, and who was presumably more accommodating, was
Radu III the Fair, the brother of the famous Vlad the Impaler, Radu, a hostage in Istanbul whose good looks had
caught the Sultans fancy, and who was thus singled out to serve as one of his most favored pages. After the defeat
of Vlad, Mehmed placed Radu on the throne of Wallachia as a vassal ruler. However, Turkish sources deny these
It should be noted that the objectivity of the European sources that claim Mehmed had homosexual tendencies
cannot always be verified. Commonly, contemporary writers would embellish stories to add sensual imagery and
LGBT in Islam
homosexual behavior and attribute them to Ottoman sultans in an attempt to rile up European opposition to the
Ottomans. Furthermore, with regards to the story about Notaras' son, Ottoman sources assert that the boy was being
recruited to be an i olan, meaning an "inner servant". Mehmed employed a corps of inner servants, whose role was
to serve in the innermost chambers of the palace, not for the sexual pleasure of the sultan.
In literature
According to the Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
Whatever the legal strictures on sexual activity, the positive expression of male homeoerotic sentiment
in literature was accepted, and assiduously cultivated, from the late eighth century until modern times.
First in Arabic, but later also in Persian, Turkish and Urdu, love poetry by men about boys more than
competed with that about women, it overwhelmed it. Anecdotal literature reinforces this impression of
general societal acceptance of the public celebration of male-male love (which hostile Western
caricatures of Islamic societies in medieval and early modern times simply exaggerate).
Legal status in nations
The death penalty for homosexuality is currently in place in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iran, Afghanistan, Mauritania,
Sudan and northern Nigeria. Homosexual relations are a crime in Saudi Arabia and Iran.
The legal situation in the United Arab Emirates is that it is illegal and can get you the death penalty, but some
regions just give jail time, mutilations, and fines. In Qatar, Algeria, Uzbekistan and the Maldives, homosexuality is
punished with jail time or fines. This has led to controversy regarding Qatar, which is due to stage the 2022 FIFA
World Cup. Human rights groups have questioned the awarding in 2010 of the right to host the competition, due to
the possibility that gay football fans may be jailed. In response, Sepp Blatter, head of FIFA, joked that they would
have to "refrain from sexual activity" while in Qatar. He later withdrew the remarks after condemnation from rights
In Saudi Arabia, while the maximum punishment for homosexual acts is public execution, the government will
generally use lesser punishmentse.g., fines, jail time, and whippingas alternatives, unless it feels that individuals
are challenging state authority by engaging in LGBT social movements. Iran is perhaps the nation to execute the
largest number of its citizens for homosexual acts. Since the 1979 Islamic revolution, the Iranian government has
executed more than 4,000 such people.
In Egypt, openly gay men have been prosecuted under general public morality laws. (See Cairo 52.) In stark contrast,
homosexuality is both legal and tolerated in Lebanon and other states in the Levant, like Palestine, Jordan, and Syria.
In 20 out of 57 Muslim-majority nations same-sex intercourse is not forbidden by law. In Albania there have been
discussions about legalizing same-sex marriage. Homosexual relations between females are legal in Kuwait but
homosexual acts between males are illegal. Lebanon has an internal effort to legalize homosexuality.
Homosexuality laws in majority Muslim countries
Main article: LGBT rights by country or territory
According to the International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) seven countries still retain capital punishment
for homosexual behavior: Afghanistan, Mauritania, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Yemen. The situation in the
United Arab Emirates (UAE) is that is punished by corporate or capital punishment, depending on the region.
LGBT in Islam
Country Laws against
Penalty Same-sex
Laws against
Adoption Comments
Afghanistan Yes Death No No No
The country is undergoing a period of relative chaos due to
the continuing battles between NATO forces and the
resurgent Taliban. The death penalty is enforced in some
areas of Afghanistan.
The Penal Code from 1976 in
force, stipulates long imprisonment for adultery and
See LGBT rights in Afghanistan.
Egypt No* Prison No No No
In Egypt, openly gay men have been prosecuted under
general public morality laws. (See Cairo 52.)
and LGBT
rights in Egypt.
Indonesia No* No No *Homosexuality is legal outside of Aceh province. See
LGBT rights in Indonesia.
Iran Yes Death No No No Legal gender recognition in Iran is legal if accompanied by a
medical intervention. See LGBT rights in Iran.
Iraq No* No No
*No provisions of the current Iraqi criminal code deal with
homosexuality. The U.S. occupation restored the criminal
code back to its original 1969 edition. Before 2003, the
criminal code was amended in 2001 to include the death
penalty for homosexuality. However currently, death squads
are operating in the country killing gays.
See LGBT
rights in Iraq.
Malaysia Yes Fine to
20 years
No No Former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, who was
himself charged (but later acquitted by the Court of Appeal)
for engaging in homosexuality, has called for their repeal.
Marina Mahathir, the daughter of former Prime Minister
Mahathir Mohamad, has called for an end to discrimination
based on sexual orientation. However, during Mahathir's
term as Prime Minister, he warned gay ministers in foreign
countries not to bring along their partners while visiting the
nation. See LGBT rights in Malaysia.
Mauritania Yes Death No No No See LGBT rights in Mauritania.
Nigeria Yes* 514
years /
No No *Areas under Sharia have instituted death for men and
women. Any content, advocating groups or associations,
support, talking to, marriage, etc., regarding LGBT persons
can land you in jail for at least four years. See LGBT rights
in Nigeria.
Pakistan Yes* 2 years
to life
No No
Yes Death No No No See LGBT rights in Saudi Arabia.
Sudan Yes Death No No No See LGBT rights in Sudan.
Turkey No No No
Uzbekistan Male only* Fine* to
3 years*
No No *Besoqolbozlik (Only applies to anal sex), page 43 of.
Yemen Yes Death No No No See LGBT rights in Yemen.
LGBT in Islam
Homosexuality laws in India
In India, where Muslims form a large minority, the largest Islamic seminary (Darul Uloom Deoband) has
vehemently opposed recent government moves
to abrogate and liberalize laws from the British Raj era that
banned homosexuality.
LGBT movements within Islam
Float for gay Muslims at Pride London 2011.
The Al-Fatiha Foundation is an organization which tries to advance the
cause of gay, lesbian, and transgender Muslims.Wikipedia:Citation
needed It was founded in 1998 by Faisal Alam, a Pakistani American,
and is registered as a nonprofit organization in the United States. The
organization was an offshoot of an internet listserve that brought
together many gay, lesbian and questioning Muslims from various
The Foundation accepts and considers homosexuality as
natural, either regarding Qur'anic verses as obsolete in the context of
modern society, or stating that the Qu'ran speaks out against
homosexual lust and is silent on homosexual love. In 2001,
Al-Muhajiroun, a banned and now defunct international organization who sought the establishment of a global
Islamic caliphate, issued a fatwa declaring that all members of Al-Fatiha were murtadd, or apostates, and
condemning them to death. Because of the threat and coming from conservative societies, many members of the
foundation's site still prefer to be anonymous so as to protect their identity while continuing a tradition of secrecy.
Al-Fatiha has fourteen chapters in the United States, as well as offices in England, Canada, Spain, Turkey, and South
Africa. In addition, Imaan, a social support group for Muslim LGBT people and their families, exists in the UK.
Both of these groups were founded by gay Pakistani activists. The UK also has the Safra Project for women.
Some Muslims such as the lesbian writer Irshad Manji
and academic author Scott Kugle argue that Islam does not
condemn homosexuality.
Kugle, South Asian scholar and author Ruth Vanita, and Muslim scholar and writer
Saleem Kidwai even contend that ancient Islam has a rich history of homoerotic literature.
There are also a number of Islamic ex-gay (i.e. people claiming to have experienced a basic change in sexual
orientation from exclusive homosexuality to exclusive heterosexuality) groups aimed at attempting to guide
homosexuals towards heterosexuality. The StraightWay Foundation is a UK based ex-gay organization which works
with homosexual Muslims who seek to eliminate their same-sex attractions.
Al-Tawbah is an Internet-based
ex-gay group.
The religious conflicts and inner turmoil that Islamic homosexuals struggle over has been addressed in various
media, such as the 2006 Channel 4 documentary Gay Muslims, and the 2007 documentary film A Jihad for Love.
The latter was produced by Sandi Simcha DuBowski, who also made a Jewish-themed documentary on the same
topic (Trembling Before G-d) 6 years before.
In November 2012, a prayer room was set up in Paris by gay Islamic scholar and founder of the group 'Homosexual
Muslims of France' Ludovic-Mohamed Zahed. It was described by the press as the first gay-friendly mosque in
Europe, but traditional Islamic scholars disagree.
LGBT in Islam
Gender variant and transgender people
In Islam, the term mukhannathun is used to describe gender-variant people, usually male-to-female transsexuals.
Neither this term nor the equivalent for "eunuch" occurs in the Qur'an, but the term does appear in the Hadith, the
sayings of Muhammad, which have a secondary status to the central text. Moreover, within Islam, there is a tradition
on the elaboration and refinement of extended religious doctrines through scholarship. This doctrine contains a
passage by the scholar and hadith collector An-Nawawi:
A mukhannath is the one ("male") who carries in his movements, in his appearance and in his language
the characteristics of a woman. There are two types; the first is the one in whom these characteristics are
innate, he did not put them on by himself, and therein is no guilt, no blame and no shame, as long as he
does not perform any (illicit) act or exploit it for money (prostitution etc.). The second type acts like a
woman out of immoral purposes and he is the sinner and blameworthy.
Wikipedia:Identifying reliable
While Iran has outlawed homosexuality, Iranian Shi'a thinkers such as Ayatollah Khomeini have allowed for
transsexuals to change their sex so that they can enter heterosexual relationships. This position has been confirmed
by the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and is also supported by many other Iranian clerics. The
state will pay a portion of the cost for a sex-change operation.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Iran carries out more sex change operations than any other nation in the world except for Thailand. It is regarded as a
cure for homosexuality, which is punishable by death under Iranian law. The government even provides up to half
the cost for those needing financial assistance and a sex change is recognised on the birth certificate.
Dialmy, Abdessamad (2010). Which Sex Education for Young Muslims?
. World Congress of Muslim
Habib, Samar (1997). Islam and Homosexuality, vol.2
Jahangir, Junaid bin (2010). "Implied Cases for Muslim Same-Sex Unions"
. In Samar Habib. Islam and
homosexuality, Volume 2. ABC-CLIO.
(German) Georg Klauda: Die Vertreibung aus dem Serail. Europa und die Heteronormierung der islamischen
Welt. Mnnerschwarm Verlag, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-939542-34-6. See pages at
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Schmitt, Arno; Sofer, Jehoeda (1992). Sexuality and Eroticism among Males in Muslim Societies
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Wafer, Jim (1997). "Mohammad and Male Homosexuality"
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Trinity Press International, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. ISBN 1-56338-051-X
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Luongo, Michael (ed.), Gay Travels in the Muslim World Haworth Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1-56023-340-4.
Everett K. Rowson, J.W. Wright (eds.), Homoeroticism in Classical Arabic Literature New York, 1997
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muslimischen Gesellschaft, Berlin, Gustav-Mller-Str. 10 : A. Schmitt, 1985
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New York 1997
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literature" by Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe (eds.), NYU Press New York
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culture, history, and literature" by Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe (eds.), NYU Press New York 1997
Vincenzo Patan, "Homosexuality in the Middle East and North Africa" in: Aldrich, Robert (ed.) Gay Life and
Culture: A World History, Thames & Hudson, London, 2006
[1] Homosexuality and Lesbianism: Sexual Perversions (http:/ / www. islamonline. net/ servlet/
Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/ FatwaE/ FatwaE& cid=1119503545556) Fatwa on Homosexuality from
[2] ILGA: Lesbian and Gay Rights in the World (2009) (http:/ / www. ilga. org/ Statehomophobia/ ILGA_map_2009_A4. pdf).
[3] [3] Abu Dawud 32:4087
[4] [4] Sahih Bukhari 7:72:774
[5] [5] Ibn Majah Vol. 3, Book 9, Hadith 1903
[6] http:/ / www. amnesty. org/ es/ library/ asset/ IOR40/ 024/ 2008/ en/ 269de167-d107-11dd-984e-fdc7ffcd27a6/ ior400242008en. pdf/
[7] [7] Duran (1993) p. 179
[8] Kligerman (2007) pp. 5354
[9] http:/ / www. usc. edu/ org/ cmje/ religious-texts/ quran/ verses/ 007-qmt. php#007. 080
[10] http:/ / www.usc.edu/ org/ cmje/ religious-texts/ quran/ verses/ 004-qmt. php#004. 015
[11] A Muslim's Thoughts about the Sexual Question, (1984)
[12] http:/ / toolserver.org/ %7Edispenser/ cgi-bin/ dab_solver. py?page=LGBT_in_Islam& editintro=Template:Disambiguation_needed/
editintro& client=Template:Dn
[13] http:/ / www.usc.edu/ org/ cmje/ religious-texts/ hadith/ abudawud/ 038-sat. php#038. 4447
[14] http:/ / www.usc.edu/ org/ cmje/ religious-texts/ hadith/ abudawud/ 038-sat. php#038. 4448
[15] http:/ / www.usc.edu/ org/ cmje/ religious-texts/ hadith/ abudawud/ 031-sat. php#031. 4007
[16] http:/ / www.usc.edu/ org/ cmje/ religious-texts/ hadith/ abudawud/ 031-sat. php#031. 4008
[17] http:/ / www.usc.edu/ org/ cmje/ religious-texts/ hadith/ abudawud/ 011-sat. php#011. 2169
[18] http:/ / www.usc.edu/ org/ cmje/ religious-texts/ hadith/ abudawud/ 032-sat. php#032. 4087
[19] http:/ / www.usc.edu/ org/ cmje/ religious-texts/ hadith/ abudawud/ 032-sat. php#032. 4088
[20] http:/ / www.usc.edu/ org/ cmje/ religious-texts/ hadith/ bukhari/ 072-sbt. php#007. 072. 774
[21] http:/ / www.usc.edu/ org/ cmje/ religious-texts/ hadith/ bukhari/ 082-sbt. php#008. 082. 820
[22] Threats to Behead Homosexuals: Shari`ah or Politics? (http:/ / www. islamonline. net/ servlet/ Satellite?cid=1212925140273&
pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/ FatwaE/ PrintFatwaE+ ) by Mohamed El-Moctar El-Shinqiti, IslamOnline.net
[23] Duran, K. (1993). Homosexuality in Islam, p. 184. Cited in: Kligerman (2007) p. 54.
[24] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php?title=Template:LGBT_rights_at_the_UN& action=edit
[25] [25] Patai, The Arab Mind, p. 33
[26] Pew Research Center: The Global Divide on Homosexuality (http:/ / www. pewglobal. org/ 2013/ 06/ 04/
the-global-divide-on-homosexuality/ ) retrieved 9 June 2013
[27] http:/ / www.pewglobal.org/ 2013/ 06/ 04/ the-global-divide-on-homosexuality/
[28] http:/ / dvmx. com/ British_Muslim_Youth. pdf
[29] Bundesministerium des Inneren: Zusammenfassung "Muslimisches Leben in Deutschland" (http:/ / www. bmi. bund. de/ SharedDocs/
Downloads/ DE/ Themen/ Politik_Gesellschaft/ DIK/ langversion_studie_muslim_leben_deutschland. pdf?__blob=publicationFile), p. 2
[30] Liljeberg Research International: Deutsch-Trkische Lebens- und Wertewelten 2012 (https:/ / d171. keyingress. de/ multimedia/ document/
228. pdf), July/August 2012, p.73
[31] Schmitt&Sofer, p.36
[32] Schmitt&Sofer, pp.x-xi
LGBT in Islam
[33] [33] Habib, p.287
[34] [34] Dialmy, pp.32 and 35, footnote 34
[35] Schmitt&Sofer, p.7
[36] Murray&Roscoe, passim
[37] Paedophilia 'culturally accepted in south Afghanistan' (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ news/ worldnews/ asia/ afghanistan/ 8257943/
Paedophilia-culturally-accepted-in-south-Afghanistan. html), Telegraph
[38] Al Arabiya: "Moroccan "bride" detained for gay wedding" (http:/ / www. alarabiya. net/ articles/ 2007/ 11/ 27/ 42200. html)
[39] Al Arabiya: "Morocco sentences gay brideto jail" (http:/ / www. alarabiya. net/ articles/ 2007/ 12/ 12/ 42868. html)
[40] France 24 - Concilier islam et homosexualit, le combat de Ludovic-Mohamed Zahed - Galle LE ROUX (http:/ / www. france24. com/ fr/
[41] Gay-friendly 'mosque' opens in Paris (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ news/ world-europe-20547335) retrieved 12 February 2013
[42] Homosexuel-musulmans.org - Association nationale Homosexuel-le-s musulman-e-s de France (http:/ / www. homosexuels-musulmans.
org/ gay_muslims. html)
[43] Bradlee Dean: Keith Ellison is advancing Sharia law through homosexual agenda(http:/ / minnesotaindependent. com/ 74635/
bradlee-dean-keith-ellison-is-advancing-sharia-law-through-homosexual-agenda) retrieved 15 January 2013
[44] Keith Ellison: Minnesota Anti-Gay Marriage Amendment Will Fail (http:/ / 2012. talkingpointsmemo. com/ 2012/ 06/
keith-ellison-minnesota-marriage-amendment-fail. php) retrieved 16 January 2013
[45] Kinross, The Ottoman Centuries, pp. 11516.
[46] History of the Ottoman Empire, Mohamed Farid Bey
[47] Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World, MacMillan Reference USA, 2004, p.316
[48] Fifa boss Sepp Blatter sorry for Qatar 'gay' remarks (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ sport2/ hi/ football/ 9297497. stm), BBC
[49] [49] LGBT rights in the United Arab Emirates
[50] Islam And Homosexuality (http:/ / www.religioustolerance. org/ hom_isla. htm)
[51] With the Government in our bedrooms (http:/ / typo3. lsvd. de/ fileadmin/ pics/ Dokumente/ Homosexualitaet/
With_the_government_in_our_bedrooms_-_November_2006. pdf)
[52] With the Government in our bedrooms (http:/ / www. ilga. org/ statehomophobia/
With_the_government_in_our_bedrooms_November_2006. pdf)
[53] World legal wrap up survey (http:/ / typo3. lsvd.de/ fileadmin/ pics/ Dokumente/ Homosexualitaet/ World_legal_wrap_up_survey.
[54] India to repeal anti-gay law as second Gay Pride is held (http:/ / www. timesonline. co. uk/ tol/ news/ world/ asia/ article6597715. ece), The
[55] After Deoband, other Muslim leaders condemn homosexuality (http:/ / articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ 2009-07-01/ india/
28209224_1_muslim-leaders-controversial-section-maulana-jalaluddin-omari), Times of India
[56] [56] "Cyber Mecca", The Advocate, March 14, 2000
[57] [57] Tim Herbert, "Queer chronicles", Weekend Australian, October 7, 2006, Qld Review Edition.
[58] Irshad Manji blog and official website "Do homosexual Muslims deserve happiness?" (http:/ / www. irshadmanji. com/
[59] Progressive Scottish Muslims: Scott Kugle: Homosexuality in Islam Critical Reflection on Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Muslims (http:/ /
progressivescottishmuslims.blogspot.com/ 2010/ 07/ homosexuality-in-islam-critical. html)
[60] Queer India: Gay historians: Ruth Vanita and Saleem Kidwai (http:/ / queerindia. blogspot. com/ 2005/ 03/
[61] The StraightWay Foundation (http:/ / straightway.sinfree. net/ ). Retrieved 2007-04-06.
[62] WIslam - Mukhannath (http:/ / wislam. org/ Concepts/ Mukhannath)
[63] http:/ / xa. yimg. com/ kq/ groups/ 14368256/ 413849807/ name/ Which
[64] http:/ / books. google. com. au/ books?id=PqRq1bBbT54C& pg=PA287& lpg=PA287& dq=liwat+ is+ regarded+ as+ a+ temptation&
source=bl& ots=1QtdXsuTjp& sig=pQinpV2Q2f0AiAd1SOXlhNwQzSI& hl=en& ei=A1_YTYy0N4mEvAP1qJmsBw& sa=X&
oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=10& ved=0CFoQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage& q=liwat%20is%20regarded%20as%20a%20temptation&
[65] http:/ / books. google. com. au/ books?id=PqRq1bBbT54C& pg=PR3& dq=Islam+ and+ homosexuality,+ Volume+ 2& hl=en&
ei=QSHWTfT7G4e6vQOc-Yi1Bw& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=1& ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&
q=Islam%20and%20homosexuality%2C%20Volume%202& f=false
[66] http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=MD4qAgAAQBAJ& printsec=frontcover& dq=Die+ Vertreibung+ aus+ dem+ Serail:+ Europa+
und+ die+ Heteronormalisierung+ der+ islamischen+ Welt& hl=en& sa=X& ei=CmmrU-yTAci7O-T1gegM&
[67] http:/ / books. google. com. au/ books?id=Kw_BVSVmNsUC& dq=Sexuality+ and+ eroticism+ among+ males+ in+ Moslem+ societies&
printsec=frontcover& source=bn& hl=en& ei=2K5mS8aYJo2TkAXGuKntDw& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=4&
ved=0CCAQ6AEwAw#v=onepage& q=& f=false
LGBT in Islam
[68] http:/ / www.uib. no/ jais/ content4. htm
[69] http:/ / docs. google. com/ viewer?a=v& q=cache:KjIohrD0R-AJ:www. safraproject. org/ Reports/
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[70] http:/ / books. google. com. au/ books?id=hQuHFPKp8L0C& pg=PA87& lpg=PA87& dq=Muhammad+ and+ male+ homosexuality&
source=bl& ots=gdMmFV9J9w& sig=9xoXAcaDSYvq7rKWRKHtHLtrE3U& hl=en& ei=qATWTbyILoHGsAO79LWxBw& sa=X&
oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=1& ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage& q=Muhammad%20and%20male%20homosexuality& f=false
External links
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: LGBT in Islam
Islam and homosexuality: Straight but narrow (http:/ / www. economist. com/ node/ 21546002), The Economist,
Feb 4th 2012
Islam and Homosexuality (http:/ / www. greenwood. com/ catalog/ C37900. aspx)Wikipedia:Link rot, a
two-volume anthology
Homosexuality: What is the real sickness? (http:/ / abdurrahman. org/ character/ sodomy. html) Illustrative Article
from AbdurRahman.org
Islam's Stand on Homosexuality (http:/ / newsgroups. derkeiler. com/ Archive/ Soc/ soc. culture. canada/ 2005-09/
msg00250. html)Wikipedia:Link rot
Gay Rights: Who are the Real Enemies of Liberation? (http:/ / www. socialistreview. org. uk/ article.
php?articlenumber=9662), Socialist Review
Imaan supports LGBT Muslim people, their families and friends (UK) (http:/ / www. imaan. org. uk/ )
The StraightWay Foundation (UK) (http:/ / www. straightstruggle. com/ )
Intolerant cruelty (http:/ / www. diabolicdigest. net/ Middle East/ Unspeakable_review. htm) This special edition
of Diabolic Digest explores the question of homosexuality in the Middle East.
Islamic law: (much) Theory and (just enough) Practice (http:/ / www. uib. no/ jais/ v004/ schmitt1. pdf)
Safra Project Sexuality, Gender and Islam (http:/ / www. safraproject. org/ sgi-intro. htm)
Queer Sexuality and Identity in the Qur'an and Hadith (http:/ / www. well. com/ user/ aquarius/ Qurannotes. htm),
interpretation of Islamic texts in historical context
Sodomy in Islamic Jurisprudence (article in German; engl. Summary ) (http:/ / www. uib. no/ jais/ v004/ schmitt1.
Sexuality and Eroticism Among Males in Moslem Societies by Arno Schmitt and Jehoeda Sofer (eds.),
Harrington Park Press 1992 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=Kw_BVSVmNsUC& pg=PA1& lpg=PA1&
dq=sofer+ schmitt+ male+ sexuality& source=web& ots=klfkx4gXIl&
Islam and Homosexuality (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20091027063803/ http:/ / www. geocities. com/
mikailtariq/ homo. htm)
Gay Travels in the Muslim World (http:/ / www. amazon. com/ Travels-Muslim-World-Michael-Luongo/ dp/
1560233400/ ref=sr_1_3?s=books& ie=UTF8& qid=1320556541& sr=1-3), an anthology of travel essays by gay
Muslim and non-Muslim men; Luongo, Michael (ed.) Haworth Press
Islam and Homosexuality (http:/ / www. missionislam. com/ knowledge/ homosexuality. htm)
Kotb, H.G.: Sexuality in Islam at the Magnus Hirschfeld Archive for Sexology (http:/ / www2. hu-berlin. de/
sexology/ GESUND/ ARCHIV/ kotb2. htm)
Homosexuality in Urdu poetry: Tolerance in medieval India and early Islamic societies (http:/ / www.
anindianmuslim. com/ 2009/ 07/ homosexuality-in-urdu-poetry-tolerance. html)
Article Sources and Contributors
Article Sources and Contributors
LGBT in Islam Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=618795531 Contributors: 109Eastside, 63.109.248.xxx, ACSE, AV3000, Access Denied, Actionfury199, Adashiel,
AdelaMae, Agari, AgnosticPreachersKid, Agzk, AirBa, Ajadon, Al-Andalusi, Alexlange, Allens, Allstar19921993, Altetendekrabbe, Ameroffsky, Aminooo, Ankit Maity, Antandrus, Antrozous,
Apollomelos, Apple pie 20 20, Arshan272, Asarelah, AsceticRose, Austriacus, AxelBoldt, BDD, Babajobu, Barotoa, Beland, Beno1000, BesselDekker, Bgwhite, Bihco, Bless sins, Bobrayner,
BoogaLouie, BorderlineWaxwork, BorgQueen, Borninusa100, firstname.lastname@example.com, Brendandh, BrianH123, Britcom, C.Fred, CALR, CanadianLinuxUser, Carbon Caryatid, Carlobdarlo,
Carolfrog, Carpelogos, Carwon, Cedrus-Libani, Chairman Sharif, ChildofMidnight, Chowen, Chris the speller, ChrisGualtieri, Chrono1084, Cmdrjameson, Cohesion, Coin945,
CommonsDelinker, Contaldo80, Conversion script, CovenantD, Cunado19, Curtmack, Cuado, Cynwolfe, DMacks, DOSGuy, DanB DanD, Danny, Dbachmann, Dendlai, Denisarona, Dev920,
DevOhm, Dialectric, Dipankan001, DocWatson42, Doseiai2, Draganta, Drhsantana, Dybryd, ESkog, Ecjmartin, Edward, Ejnogarb, Elazeez, Emiellaiendiay, Epson291, EqualRights, Eraserhead1,
Errtf, Ershadi, EryZ, Esperant, Evano1van, Exploding Boy, Faber42, Fadesga, Faheemo, Falcon8765, Fan-1967, Faris Malik, FatTrebla, Favonian, Feinoha, Fibonacci, Filelakeshoe, Fisher.G,
Fontgirl, G.dallorto, GPS94, Garik, GayBangladesh, Gilgamesh, Gilliam, Gr8opinionater, Graham87, Great50, Greebo cat, Greensleaves112, Grenavitar, Grue, Gryphon044, Guanaco, Gun
Powder Ma, Haiduc, Hairy Dude, Harryeds, Hasnicgotcha, Heimstern, Heron, Hidanovic21, Hoo man, Horselover Frost, Huangcjz, Hulleye, Hurtsalot, HuzaifaHussain, Hypatia71, Ibnqalaam,
Imadjafar, Irishpunktom, IronGargoyle, Itaqallah, Ivory212, Izzedine, JForget, JHunterJ, Jackson Peebles, Jacobolus, James, Jamyskis, JanTervel, Janko, Jason from nyc, Jeff3000, Jerome
Charles Potts, Jim1138, John Smythe, JohnPaulPagano, Jojhutton, Jormelo23, Joshinda26, JoshyDinda, Jpbrenna, Jprg1966, Khalid hassani, KhanyT, Khateeb88, Khuzstaniz, Kitmention, Koavf,
Kralahome, KrisW6, Kugland, Kunleofafrica, KurtRaschke, Kyle Barbour, Kyorosuke, Ladwiki, LadyofShalott, Laval, Le Anh-Huy, Leit... Leit... Leithammel, Lester, Leutha, LiangHH, Livajo,
Looxix, Lotje, MK8, MaXm, Magioladitis, Mahmudmasri, Mairi, Makoto7495, Malick78, Manifestation, Mark Arsten, Marokwitz, Martpol, Matt57, Matthew Fennell, Mav, Mcdruid, Mdwh,
Meco, Meiskam, Mentality, Merbabu, Metron, Mhakcm, Michael Hardy, Michael Voytinsky, Microchip08, Midas touch, Midgrid, Mike Rosoft, Mikenassau, Milovat, Mintguy, Mirv,
Mirza.Klovo, Misheu, Miss Madeline, Mitch1981, Mogism, Mongreilf, Monsieur Fou, MosheA, Mqduck, Mtluongo, Muiranec, Mulberry777, MuslimsofUmreka, Mustafaa, NZUlysses,
Nasnema, NaveedLLB, Negerfri Innerstad, Netmonger, Neutron Jack, Nissanleaf, NoDreadlocks, ObservingEgo, Oftenhold, Ogress, Omar Choudhry, OnePt618, Oploo, Optimus2g, Outercell,
OwenBlacker, Paco758, PahaOlo, Paris1127, Pass a Method, Patrick, Paul Willocx, Pecher, Peculiar Light, Pereant antiburchius, Peridon, Petrb, Phpp, PiCo, Pigsonthewing, Pingveno, Piotrus,
Politas, Portillo, Postdlf, Prince Godfather, Quadell, Quinsareth, R'n'B, RDiFebbo, RJFJR, RK, RP459, Rabidphage, Randy2063, Raven in Orbit, Raystorm, Razimantv, Realm of Shadows,
ReflectTheFacts, Refusingtogiveup, RexNL, Rich Farmbrough, RiverStyx23, Rjwilmsi, RobertGill1, RodC, RonduMcPhee, Roscelese, Rushbugled13, RxS, Rnin, S710, SWAdair, Saebjorn,
Safraproject, Sam Spade, Samarhabib80, Sardanaphalus, Sched12, Scientiom, Seewolf, Severa, Sfan00 IMG, Shadowsauce, Shamharush, Shenme, ShotmanMaslo, Shyamsunder, Silver Maple,
Silver crescent, Slipdude, Snoyes, Soczyczi, Solar-Wind, Someone65, Sonjaaa, SouthernComfort, Specter01010, Springnuts, StAnselm, Sulaymanf, Sun Creator, Surv1v4l1st, Syameer95,
Synkronyzer, Tainter, TeaDrinker, Template namespace initialisation script, The Anome, The Mark of the Beast, The Masked Manhunter, The Transhumanist, The misha, The wub, TheoloJ,
Tickle me, Tijfo098, Timrollpickering, Tjrudebeck, Tobby72, Tom Morris, Trphierth, Twinsday, Ulric1313, Unreal7, User0529, Usman4726, UsmanullahPK, Veej, Vice regent, WGee, Wakuran,
Wavanova, Wayward, Wetman, WhisperToMe, Wichm, Widr, Widyawan, Wik, Wiki alf, Wiki1609, WikiTrueHistory, Wikignome0529, Wikipelli, Will731, William Avery, William Ortiz,
Wilybadger, Woohookitty, Xmoogle, Yacht, Yahel Guhan, Yalens, Yceren Loq, Yobmod, Yomalsi, Yosri, Zak2u786, Zarcadia, Zeeshanhasan, Zigger, ZoneSeek, Zora, , ,
600 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:Shah Abbas and Wine Boy.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Shah_Abbas_and_Wine_Boy.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Bibi Saint-Pol, Calame,
Chaumot, DenghiComm, Fabienkhan, Fg68at, G.dallorto, Johnbod, JurgenNL, Lysis, Mani1, Nevit, Orijentolog, Orrling, Robert Prummel, Surena, 2 anonymous edits
File:Prevailing world religions map.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Prevailing_world_religions_map.png License: GNU Free Documentation License
Contributors: Original uploader was LilTeK21 at en.wikipedia
File:LGBT rights at the UN.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:LGBT_rights_at_the_UN.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Self
File:Lining up to use a boy.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lining_up_to_use_a_boy.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Andres rojas22, Cathy Richards,
Delicious carbuncle, DenghiComm, Ecelan, Etym, F, Orrling, Pierpao, Takabeg
File:Pride London 2011 - 001.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Pride_London_2011_-_001.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
F, Solar-Wind, Tom Morris, Varnent
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Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

subset: commoncrawl


text: NEW YORK (MarketWatch) -- Waters Corp. WAT, -2.40% dropped almost 21 percent in midday action after the analytical instrument maker lowered its profit forecast for the first quarter. The news prompted a broad negative call on the group from Robert W. Baird, which said Waters' problems may indicate slower growth at a number of its counterparts. The firm lowered its rating to "neutral" from "outperform" on Waters, PerkinElmer PKI, -2.23%, Thermo Electron TMO, -3.17%, and Varian Inc. vari. The stocks, besides Waters, fell 6.7 percent, 3.4 percent and 6.1 percent, respectively. Baird said Waters' indication that business was weak in Europe led to the downgrades of the three other companies, as their businesses have greater exposure there. "Our analysis has indicated a slowing pharma capital spending environment but (we) believed that cash flow was strong enough to reverse the trend," the firm added. "This reversal may not be occurring."


text:
Week two of Mystical/Halloween at Art with no Boundaries!
The talented Chris of CSDesigns has created a new batch of fabulously creepy, scary, mystical images, many of them adverts for weird and wonderful things....
I've used Stylish Witch Salon Advert for my first creation:
I went through my newspaper's classified section to find an ad of similar size, copied it. The original ad was cut out after adding the circle. I layered my image onto black card stock, added some chalk and red pen and distressing...
List of Supplies
CSDesign Image printed on white 160g paper
Paper used: Newspaper (Local), white 160g, Black card & cardstock.
Red & black fineliner, mustard & red chalk
Cutter & scissors, cutting board, double-sided tape
The list was added to show that you can make a card with the simplest of tools and supplies and a bit of imagination.
I think this will make a cool invitation to a pamper party or a bachelorette's party. What do you think?


text:
November 23, 2017 SetecoNews
After the two pre-salt auctions, whose balance was considered positive by the government, both in terms of current and future revenues – R $ 6.15 billion in signing bonus and expectation of investments of R $ 600 billion over the 30 years of production in the areas – as well as in the participation of large global oil companies (ten companies), the industry is already beginning to discuss improvements in the rules of the oil and gas market.
The most awaited item on the sector's agenda is the proposal to end production sharing, made by House Leader Rodrigo Maia (DEM-RJ). Also in the legislative sphere, the draft law presented by Deputy José Carlos Aleluia (DEM-BA), which foresees liberating the sale by Petrobras of up to 70% of the reserves of 5 billion barrels of oil equivalent included in the onerous assignment agreement.
In addition to the legal discussions, there is the market expectation regarding the approval, in the Chamber, of MP 795, which deals with the extension of Repetro, a special customs regime of the sector, until the end of 2040, the "waiver" or easing of the local content requirements of existing concession contracts and the negotiation between Petrobras and the Union over the onerous assignment agreement.
At the top of the agenda, the end of the sharing model is of interest to the market, since it would reduce the complexity of the contracts signed with the Union and eliminate the role of PPSA in the consortia responsible for the development of the areas of the pre-salt. The expectation, however, is that the discussion in Congress will not end until the next pre-salt auction.
At the beginning of the month, the National Energy Policy Council (CNPE) marked the 4th round of the pre-salt, under the production sharing regime, for June 7, 2018. The blocks of Três Marias, Dois Irmãos, Uirapuru , Saturn and Itaimbezinho, in the Campos and Santos basins.
"Probably the next years pre-salt auction will still be in the sharing regime. But we will have the discussions of the projects in Congress. I think the discussion about the end of the sharing model is positive, "said economist Adriano Pires, director of the Brazilian Center for Infrastructure (CBIE).
"I was positively surprised that [the end of sharing] was put on the agenda as something of great importance, a priority. I hope it gets approved next year, before the elections. That would be very good for the industry, "said Giovani Loss, a gas and business associate at Mattos Filho.
In the short term, the biggest concern of the industry is with respect to the MP of the Repetro, which needs to be voted by mid-December, so that it does not lose its validity. Also awaited for this year is still the publication of ANP's ruling regulating the "waiver" for the local content requirements of the concession contracts. The document will extend to the old contracts the more flexible levels of nationalization of goods and services applied as of the 14th round of bids in September of this year.
"These measures have an effect on the economic evaluation of ongoing projects. Eventually, it could be the difference between a project being developed or not, "said Loss. "The project will only be developed if it makes economic sense. Incentives such as the solution to the local content issue and the extent of Repetro would help to make projects economically viable and developed. "
The approval of Repetro and the regulation of the "waiver" of local content will also bring legal certainty for the contracting of equipment. Last week, Shell's president in Brazil, André Araujo, signaled that the company awaits the settlement of these two items to close the contract for the oil and gas maritime platform (FPSO) Libra 1, the first unit of long-term production in the Libra field, in the pre-salt of the Santos Basin.
"I hope we can get the job right away and that the shareholders feel comfortable to decide on the investment," Araujo said after a speech at Firjan in Rio. "We have some important points to be resolved. The Repetro, we have the waiver discussion. We are following these movements. This helps shareholders decide. "
Shell has a 20% stake in Libra. The other partners are Petrobras (operator, with 40%), Total (20%), CNPC (10%) and CNOOC (10%). Auctioned at the first pre-salt auction, Libra is the first field to be developed under the sharing regime. While the contracting of Libra 1 remains indefinite, the consortium plans to extract the first Libra oil in the coming weeks, from the unit that will do the Field Long-Term Test (TLD).


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As a woman, and a labeled "baby boomer", I have been raised a certain way. I was born and raised in the United States and I do feel that we are one of the better countries on the planet for the freedoms that are endowed to us by our Constitution. I was raised in a lower to middle-income household to two high school teachers. I had a third parent within the household, namely my mother's father. My grandfather grew up in turbulent times that saw the rise of unions and backlash of the Civil War that eventually came to a head in the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. My parents were 'Depression Era' babies and the last of the "Greatest Generation" to still be alive today. I am fortunate and thankful, appreciative of my parents for their continued love and support each and every day. I was raised within religion where the norm was 'every Sunday' attendance both to Sunday school and main service. I grew up with the exponential advances in technology and the troubles, the good of this earth. I have lived in another country, similar to my own but wholly different. I am though, with all these labels, still on the cusp of the 'adrift' generation. Those that have the knowledge and facts about our country and its rights as well as a greater awareness of the world. I have a problem.
I do not know whether it is because of my upbringing, immersed in three unique sociocultural, physical and natural environments or abject fear of reprisals, rejection, loss of job, loss of friends and so forth that I do not conscientiously exert my first amendment rights; the freedom of speech. I know I have a responsibility. I know I am a steward on this planet but still there are times, I want to voice my opinion but am stymied by my lack of faith in my cultural upbringing, in society that clamps my mouth shut, stills my pen, and thrust me into a subconscious of torture of my own making. I want to rail against injustice but fear of losing a job or even job prospects. I want my voice to be heard and yet, could feel the vicious backlash of fellow humans, warranted or not. These internal strifes still my tongue and silences the typing of my fingers. Yet, here I am voicing that pent-up desire to attain the freedom from fear and retribution that yes, was instilled by my parents. I was never supposed to make 'waves' and that has caused me great emotional turmoil.
As with every human on this planet, I trust my instincts one moment and question them the next. I have great expectations for those around me and yet, come face-to-face with cruelty and goodness at least once a day, even if it is delivered through different social means. There is not a day that doesn't go by that I too curse in my car, behind closed doors the stupidity of humanity. I know we have inched closer to the precipice and are looking down into a deep cavernous abyss. At times, I wish we would just get it over and jump, take a leap of faith and evolve. I can feel the tug of war and just want to scream. I don't understand my role in all of this. Am I part of the crowd or one that is supposed to lead? I know I am keeping several cards of this poker game close to my chest and feel I should show my hand, make a decision and take what is to come.
I hate clichés.
I hate the curtain I am hiding behind, where my voice is silent and my writing, my thoughts are hidden away. Well, not completely but I fear even this medium and how the world will judge its content if I shift gears and post what I really want to post. Beyond my teaching, beyond my thoughts on research. If I post as a pseudonym, I can still be found and probably will or have been found out. What will happen if I crank it up a notch. Maybe I should realize and come to terms that I am not supposed to be liked by everyone. That my opinion counts and delivered with the aforementioned responsibility. I should exercise my First Amendment rights. Why else did our Founding fathers, particularly James Madison, make that at the top of the list if not to hold the right to speak up with due diligence and logic against what you deem as wrong, "iffy".
I know they were framing that amendment to political and religious expression but Madison address of July 8, 1789, delves into more and yes, leaves open the window for continued debate.
Fourthly. That in article 2nd, section 9, between clauses 3 and 4, be inserted these clauses, to wit,The civil rights of none shall be abridged on account of religious belief or worship, nor shall any national religion be established, nor shall the full and equal rights of conscience by in any manner, or on any pretext infringed
The people shall not be deprived or abridged of their right to speak, to write, or to publish their sentiments; and the freedom of the press, as one of the great bulwarks of liberty, shall be inviolable.
Read more:http://www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com/james-madison-speech-june-8-1789.html#ixzz29Z9fJVbA
I am struck by the composition and the language, awed that our discourse over time has changed from such prose. I understand my ignorance, lack of true intelligence and that I exist in a poverty of my own making. That perhaps every one on this planet does in varied forms. And that sparks a grief of emotions. So what do I do?
For now I write…


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- Arrest Number: 2009022972
- First Name: ELISHA
- Last Name: COUCH
- Middle Name:
- Suffix:
- Current Age: 13
- Booking Date: 4/12/2018 12:43:00 PM
- Height: 5' 1"
- Weight: 145 lbs
- Hair Color: BROWN
- Eye Color: BROWN
- Race: White
- Sex: F
- Arresting Agency: CLAY COUNTY S.O.
- Arrest Date: 04/12/2018
- City: Manchester
- State: Kentucky
booking information
ELISHA COUCH was booked on 4/12/2018 12:43:00 PM. COUCH was arrested by CLAY COUNTY S.O. in Manchester, Kentucky. COUCH was 13 years old at the time of the arrest.
ELISHA COUCH may not have been convicted of the charges or crimes listed and are presumed innocent until proven guilty. Please contact the CLAY COUNTY S.O. for more information regarding arrest records.
We are not affiliated with the CLAY COUNTY S.O. and we cannot make any claims as to the validity of the records provided by them.


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Old Sheffield Plate is the term used to denote articles made of copper with a thin silver by fused to the copper. This process, which was invented Thomas Boulsover in 1742, ceased following the introduction of much cheaper silver-plating by electro-deposition (EPNS) about the middle of the 19th century. Old Sheffield plate was used in the production of hollow ware and flat ware. It can be distinguished from the later EPNS items because when the sheet was rolled it was soldered together with silver. The soldering line is visible. Also where the leading wedge of the sheet is visible a border of finely pressed sterling silver was soldered on to hide the copper. In later pieces an engraving plate was also set into the body of the item so that when an engraving was applied no copper would be visible. Items of Old Sheffield plate should be cleaned with care because excessive rubbing will eventually expose the underlying copper layer. In Old Sheffield plate connoisseurs circles exposed copper is not an issue. This adds character to the item. It is highly recommended that the item not be silver plated. Unlike EPNS, Old Sheffield plate used pseudo hallmark punches and makers marks on the items which have been well documented and makes them easy to date.
Electroplated nickel silver or E.P.N.S. was introduced c.1845. It was a process of making articles with a nickel-silver base alloy and then silver plating them. Because the base metal of E.P.N.S. had a similar colour to silver, this processes became more popular than use of a copper base for Old Sheffield Plate which tended to show its coppery brown base colour as its silver coating wore off.
Electroplated Britannia metal (E.P.B.M.) was introduced c.1875 and was considered to be the poor man's silver ware. The base metal was Britannia metal, which was an alloy of lead and tin closely allied to pewter. E.P. B.M. has one great disadvantage. It is very susceptible to damage by applied heat. Consequently, if an article of E.P.B.M. is brought in for repair, it will not take any applied heat without damage.


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FORT LAUDERDALE -- A bicyclist was crushed to death under the wheels of a semitrailer truck on Tuesday after he apparently bumped against a curb and fell, police said.
The identity of the victim, a 63-year-old Fort Lauderdale man, was not released until notification of his family. He was riding south on Andrews Avenue about 11:15 a.m. when a northbound truck, driven by Larry Turnquest, turned east onto Southeast Fifth Street, police said.
The bicyclist circled in front of the truck. Turnquest, 32, of Miami, stopped until the rider was clear and did not see the victim fall off the bike next to the truck when he started forward again, police said.
No charges were filed against Turnquest, who works for ABC Supply Co. Inc. An investigation is continuing.


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Several sculptures by Connecticut artist Dayna Wenzel are installed on-site at Beechwood Arts and Innovation in Westport, and will be viewable at their arts immersion salon "Giving Voice - Through the Arts to Stories Around Us," a multi-artist event involving music, art, film, performance, writing and culinary arts on Sunday, June 4, 2017 from 2 pm-5 pm, advance tickets are required (no tickets available at the door.)
There will also be two open houses, Wednesday, June 14 from 5:30 - 8 pm, and Saturday, June 17 from 4 pm - 7 pm.
Beechwood Arts is located at a private residence. Address given upon RSVP to events, invites to Open Houses by Beechwood's email list.


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Dr. Geed receives the top scoring poster in Neurorehab at MedStar Health 2017 Research Symposium!
Congrats Shashwati Geed!
Shashwati's presentation of her poster entitled Paging Dr. Lasagna: Why Early Inpatient Rehab Trial Recruitment Rate is in Single Digits? at the MedStar Health 2017 Research Symposium was the top scoring poster in Neurorehab!


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Tart Granny Smith apples, fresh sage, lemon juice and lemon zest are fabulous complements for the roasted sweet potatoes in this flavorful side dish casserole.Print
Lemony Sweet Potatoes w/Apples and Sage
A delicious side dish of roasted sweet potatoes combined with tart Granny Smith apples, fragrant fresh sage and lemon zest.
- Prep Time: 20 minutes
- Cook Time: 40 minutes
- Total Time: 1 hour
- Yield: 6 servings
- 3 pounds sweet potatoes, peeled and cut into 3/4-inch cubes
- 2 tablespoons vegetable oil
- 3/4 teaspoon salt
- Freshly ground black pepper
- 2 large Granny Smith apples, peeled, cored and cut into 1/2-inch cubes
- 4 tablespoons butter
- 1–1/2 tablespoons honey
- Juice and zest of 1 medium lemon
- 1 tablespoon fresh sage, finely chopped
- Preheat the oven to 375°F and line a large baking sheet with parchment paper.
- Combine the sweet potatoes, oil, salt and a few grinds of black pepper in a large bowl. Toss to combine, then spread the sweet potatoes in a single layer on the prepared baking sheet.
- Roast for 20 to 25 minutes until the sweet potatoes are tender and golden brown around the edges.
- While the sweet potatoes roast, melt the butter in a large skillet over medium heat. Stir in the honey, lemon juice and lemon zest. Add the apples and sage and cook, stirring often, until the apples are tender when pierced with a knife, 5 to 6 minutes.
- When the sweet potatoes have finished roasting, add them to the apples, combine well and transfer the mixture to a casserole dish that's been coated with nonstick spray.
- Bake for 10 minutes, then serve immediately.


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How to remove (uninstall) Private.websafesearch.com
This is an entry that helps to deprive the aggravating banners from infecting your workstation. We can explain to you the ways to remove annoying banners for ever, and protect the computer from being infected again. Today's entry provides you with the helpful information on Private.websafesearch.com adware to help you surf the Net without problems again.
We think you've guessed by now, but we'll say that one more time: Private.websafesearch.com is adware. This software is fully responsible for anything that goes wrong with your device. In this item, we will explain to you, in which method Private.websafesearch.com infects the laptop, which things it does there and how to eliminate it. The uninstalling guide can be found under the informational section. If you don't need us to teach you anything – just ignore it and proceed to the deletion.
What is Private.websafesearch.com
Private.websafesearch.com is the most modern tool in its category, but the vast majority of the updates invented through its lifetime were only cosmetic. There's no need to evolve for Private.websafesearch.com, as it doesn't rely on some complex coding solutions in its work – it depends on its victim. Advertising tools are the plainest, but the very gainful suspicious utilities, which allow fraudsters to earn without being accused of anything. Naturally, it's not like that from your point of view: dangerous tool sneaks into the computer, makes it slow, invites many other suchlike utilities aboard, and pushes the massive pile of advertising down your throat. You have many things to say about Private.websafesearch.com, yet the facts are simple: you let it to get into the machine. We will explain it in the coming parts, and now we will inspect what adware does in the system.
We've already told you that Private.websafesearch.com is not a virus, because it cannot duplicate itself and distribute itself through the Web. It has customer to download it, and after that – Private.websafesearch.com has to be installed. While installing Private.websafesearch.com you will have to verify that you've read EULA, in which the functions of adware are clearly stated. Of course, the direct installation of adware is a rare case. Sponsored infection is way more usual, and we'll talk about it below. In some cases victim has nothing to do with Private.websafesearch.com infecting the system, as it was invited by a Trojan. But to do that, someone had to let Trojan into the OS too.
How Private.websafesearch.com gets into the system
Bundled installation is the swiftest, easiest and very effective technique to distribute a tool over the Web. Internet criminals just take a few programs, one of which is useful and the others are not, and wrap them up in a single installation file. During the installation of a reliable tool, you'll get a suggestion to install the others. Occasionally the process can't be declined, but most times victims simply do not notice it as they are clicking their way to install the bundle without inspecting the information in all those irritating menus. Now you understand why we've told you that you have called adware into the system.
How to protect the system
In this paragraph we'll teach you how customer can defend the OS from adware, Trojans, viruses and the majority of other hazardous tools. It's a serious deal, which requires a lot of efforts. The method comprises a few behavioral patterns and habits you should exercise, but we have good news too: you'll form a habit soon. Here's what we wanted to say:
- You have to realize that many sites are bad. Hackers might argue you into that the laptop is infested, by locking an open tab and forcing you to accept an installation of any other tool. If it happened to you – simply close its process through Task Manager, and run it once again without restoring the tabs. No website is able to scan the machine for viruses within a few moments and find out if it is contaminated or not.
- You should not click on everything you see. That is the custom we recommend you to develop: you want information – find it in Google. If advertisement shows up on some site or in your system, you'd better abstain from clicking on it. If you get the suggestion to install any program and states that it's useful – google its name. The prime results come when you add "uninstall".
- The advice #1 to defend your PC will be to not to use cracked soft. If an utility is free of charge and you are certain that it can be trusted – just find it on the vendor's webpage, and there won't be any issues. In case of a cracked utility – there won't be trusted sites – only torrents. You never get good security there, and every file might have adware.
- And, naturally,, you should inspect the info that is shown while you are installing any free tool. Let's explain it another way: it's not necessary to read all 20 pages of EULA, just avoid proposals to install any software except the wanted utility. If those offers are displayed – you should act carefully.
How to remove Private.websafesearch.com
Method 1. Use special removal software
Method 2. Remove Private.websafesearch.com manually
Step 1. Uninstall Private.websafesearch.com from the operation system
Step 2. Remove Private.websafesearch.com from the browser (Google Chrome/Mozilla Firefox/IE/Opera/Safari/Edge)
If you are MAC user, follow this guide How to remove virus from MAC
We know a couple reliable ways to remove Private.websafesearch.com from the PC. #1 is to check the system registry, and each other place where the harmful utility could have left its trace. You will have to return the settings of your browser to default, and don't forget about the homepage and a search engine. After you do this – sweep the registry of suspicious entries, and repeat the operation with the Scheduled Tasks list. Sometimes you might have to clear the hosts file. If you are certain you're able it do it – just abide to the guide. If you don't have a slightest clue about technical parts and just wish pop-ups to disappear – we have another manner for you. It's much better than the hand one, because it provides you with the powerful protection against dangerous programs. The manner is also known as Spyhunter, and it's the very effective antivirus. The cool detail is that it's on the market for twelve years by now, and it has a lot of happy clients, whose systems act fast and are not infected by adware. If you want to get your computer protected – click the link under this paragraph to try Spyhunter and experience its vantages.
Private.websafesearch.com removal tool
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Detects most kind of threats: malicious files and even registry keys of malware will be found
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SpyHunter's scanner is only for malware detection. If program detects infected elements on the computer, you will need to purchase malware removal tool for $39,99 to delete threats. SpyHunter has Free Trial for one remediation and removal, subject to a 48-hour waiting period. Uninstall steps and additional information EULA , Privacy Policy and Threat Assessment Criteria.
Instructions for manual deletion
Step 1. Uninstall software from the system
Windows 7
1. Uninstall Private.websafesearch.com from Control Panel
- Start
- Control Panel
- Programs
- Programs and Features
- Uninstall a program
- Select Private.websafesearch.com and press Uninstall
2. Delete elements that stayed after uninstalling from Control Panel
- C:\Program Files\Private.websafesearch.com
- C:\ProgramData\Private.websafesearch.com
- C:\Users\YOUR_USER\AppData\Roaming\Private.websafesearch.com
3. Clean registry:
- Click Start
- Type Regedit.exe
- Search for "Private.websafesearch.com" and delete these elements
Windows 10
1. On the field Search Windows type 'Control Panel'
2. Click Uninstall a program
3. Select Private.websafesearch.com and press Uninstall
Windows 8
1. Point to the upper-right corner of the screen, move the mouse pointer down, and tap Search.
2. Enter control panel in the search box, and then click Control Panel.
3. Under View by:, select Large Icons, and then click Programs and features.
4. Click the program, and then click Uninstall.
5. Follow the instructions on the screen.
6. Delete Private.websafesearch.com from Control Panel
- Start
- Control Panel
- Programs
- Programs and Features
- Uninstall a program
- Select Private.websafesearch.com and press Uninstall
7. Remove elements like on Win7.
Step 2. Remove Private.websafesearch.com from the browser
Internet Explorer
Step 1. Disable add-on:
- Tools
- Manage add-ons
- Remove Private.websafesearch.com
Step 2.Change homepage:
- Tools
- Internet Options
- General
- Home page
- Put "about:blank"
Step 3. Change new tab page:
- Tools
- Internet Options
- General
- Tabs
Google Chrome
Step 1. Remove add-on:
- Customize and Control Google Chrome
- More Tools
- Extensions
- Remove Private.websafesearch.com
Step 2. Change homepage:
- Customize and Control Google Chrome
- Settings
- Open a specific page or set of pages
- Delete all specific pages
Mozilla Firefox
Step 1. Delete add-on:
- Open menu
- Add-ons
- Extensions
- Remove Private.websafesearch.com
Step 2. Change homepage:
- Open menu
- Options
- General
- Put "about:blank" into Home page field
Opera browser
Step 1. Disable add-on:
- Open Opera;
- Customize and Control Opera;
- Extensions;
- Choose Private.websafesearch.com and press button "Remove from Opera"
Step 2. Change homepage:
- Open Opera browser;
- Customize and Control Opera;
- Settings;
- On Startup;
- Open a specific page or set of pages;
- Press button "Set pages" and change Homepage to your favorite one.
Step 1. Start Safari browser
Step 2. Display a menu of General Safari Settings
Step 3. Reset Safari...
Step 4. Press "Reset"
Microsoft Edge
Step 1. Delete the suspicious extensions.
- Menu
- Extensions
- Choose unfamiliar extension
- Press Uninstall
Step 2. Change homepage.
- Go to the website of the search engine you want
- Select More actions
- Settings
- View advanced settings
- Change search engine
- Select search engine you want and Set as default
Video how to reset browser and remove all extensions


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- February 2019 – NGS lab is hiring 2 Ph.D. students and 1 Postdoc in Robotics with emphasis on systems and controls. Inquire via email to Dan Popa.
- September 2018 – NGS lab awarded major research grant by National Science Foundation (NSF) to build next generation 3D printer and assembler.
- July 2018 – Dan Popa and Roushi Zhang Participate at MARSS 2018 Conference and win Best Student Paper Award
The NGS Group conducts research on the Next Generation Microsystems and Robots that are increasingly small, cheap, integrated, and networked. NGS is headed by the University of Louisville ECE Professor Dan Popa, and consists of groups of graduate students, undergraduate students and young research professionals who are exceptionally motivated and enthusiastic about advanced robotic systems science and engineering.
Multiscale robots and systems are the focus of our research. Robotics is currently undergoing a major evolution away from expensive, bulky, and difficult to use machines, toward inexpensive, small, user-friendly and safe systems. As we witness this remarkable process, many unanswered questions pertaining to how we design, manufacture, and interact with the next generation of robots remain to be addressed. In the coming years, we will be able to answer these questions only if we know how to make increasingly complex MEMS and NEMS devices.
Our current research in multiscale robotics aims to answer these questions, by looking at the following aspects:
- The size and precision of sensors, actuators and robots cuts across multiple scales from macro to nano. How do we design our microsystems and the robots that manufacture them in an intelligent way so that we can produce them in large numbers?
- The number of sensors, actuator, and robots that must be aggregated varies between a few and large numbers. How do we network, coordinate, plan, and distribute the action of such collectives?
- The complexity and cost of microsystems and robots vary from low-complexity and low-cost, to highly integrated and reliable systems. How do we package and integrate sensors, actuators, into small devices and robots in a multifunctional, reliable and cost-effective manner?
Comments are closed.
AnnouncementAugust 2017: Ankita Sahu and Sven Cremer are the newest NGS graduates – Congrats!
Recent Posts
- NGS Student wins Best Student Paper Award at MARSS
- NGS lab at SPIE Defense and Commercial Sensing 2017
- Two student-engineering teams win international challenges
- Interacting with a Robot: Meet Zeno!
- International Conference on Social Robotics
- Students present at 3rd Annual Connecting Education with Industry Event
- Can you say hello to Zeno?
- RE2-UTA DARPA Robotics Challenge Team Introduction
- IEEE RAS Mobile Microrobotics Challenge at ICRA 2013


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By Pamela Constable
Washington Post Foreign Service
Monday, August 2, 2004; Page A01
BAGHDAD, Aug. 2 -- Car bombs exploded outside five Christian churches in two Iraqi cities during Sunday evening services in coordinated attacks that sent terrified and bleeding worshipers fleeing into the streets as stained-glass windows shattered and flames engulfed the buildings.
Eleven people were killed and 47 injured in the assaults, the first such large-scale violence against minority Christians, who have long coexisted peacefully with Iraqi Muslims.
The blasts struck four churches in Baghdad and one in the northern city of Mosul within 30 minutes as night fell. Black smoke billowed into the air over the darkening capital. Ambulances ferried victims to hospitals and firefighters hosed flaming buildings and cars, while police fired into the air and U.S. troops tried to maintain order as people milled angrily in the affected neighborhoods.
In a statement Monday, the U.S. military said 10 people were killed and 40 injured in the Baghdad bombings.
A Vatican spokesman, the Rev. Ciro Benedettini, condemned the bombings, saying, "It is terrible and worrying because it is the first time that Christian churches are being targeted in Iraq." He told the Reuters news agency that the blasts seemed to be an "attempt to heighten tensions by trying to affect all social groups, including churches."
"We were lining up for communion, the holiest moment in the Mass. Suddenly the explosion happened, and glass rained down from the windows," said a weeping, middle-aged woman at the bedside of her wounded mother in Ibn-Nafees Hospital. "Those who did this are without religion," added the woman, who did not want to give her name. "This is not Muslims. Muslims don't do this to their brothers."
Witnesses and victims from three of the bombed churches in Baghdad expressed similar sentiments, blaming the attacks on extremists seeking to sow division between Christians and majority Muslims.
"This is God's house. Those who did this may think they will go to heaven, but they will go to hell," said Reemon Merghi, 24, a Christian who witnessed the blast at an Armenian church from his apartment nearby. "Maybe they think they are going to make Muslims and Christians fight each other, but we are like one family living in one house."
The first bomb in Baghdad exploded about 6:30 p.m. outside an Armenian Catholic church in the Karrada district, shortly after evening Mass had begun. As people poured outside in panic and police and rescue crews raced to the scene, a second blast occurred about 20 minutes later outside an Assyrian Catholic church, Lady of Salvation, about a half-mile away.
Minutes later, two more bombs exploded next to a Chaldean Christian church in the Doura neighborhood in southwest Baghdad and outside a fourth church, Father Ilyas, in the New Baghdad district.
Iraqi police and the U.S. military said all the blasts appeared to have come from booby-trapped cars and were not suicide bombs.
Police found another bomb at a fifth church in Baghdad and diffused it, the U.S. military said.
In Mosul, about 220 miles north of the capital, officials said a car bomb exploded next to the Mar Polis Church, a Catholic congregation, as worshipers were leaving evening Mass. The blast damaged the building and five cars. The officials said rocket-propelled grenades were also fired at the church. The U.S. military reported that one person was killed and seven injured in the attack.
Before Sunday's bombings, there had been a number of bomb attacks against Christian-owned shops that sell alcohol in Baghdad and other cities, but none against Christian places of worship. In January, a minibus carrying a group of Iraqi Christian women to work at a U.S. military base west of Baghdad was followed and attacked by gunmen, who killed several of the passengers.


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Thanks for choosing AFC! To make a referral for enrollment in our Maine Families Family Visiting program (for yourself or for someone else), please click the button below.
Completed referral forms can be faxed (783-9402), emailed to firstname.lastname@example.com or mailed to our office:
Advocates For Children
124 Canal Street
Lewiston, ME 04240


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Advantages of PicoWay Laser Tattoo Removal
If you have decided that laser tattoo removal is right for you, you need to decide which treatment option you will choose. It is good for you to do research and see the different options that are available. Take time to weigh the pros and cons of each option that is available to you. As you do your research, consider the benefits of using the PicoWay® laser. This laser tattoo removal option offers several advantages that are not available with other laser tattoo removal processes.
One of the benefits you will receive using PicoWay® for tattoo removal that is that you are more likely to enjoy fewer treatment sessions. Unfortunately, there is no way for technicians to guarantee that you will need a certain amount of sessions in order to have your tattoo completely removed. Usually, the technician will have to begin the treatment and then see how things go. However, the PicoWay® laser usually allows individuals to visit our offices for fewer sessions. Some individuals may only need three or four treatments to get great results.
Another advantage of using the PicoWay® laser is that we can treat a wide range of different tattoos. We can treat tattoos that have been applied by amateurs as well as professionals. In most cases, it is easier to remove tattoos that have been applied by professionals. The reason why this is the case is because professionals usually apply the tattoo in an even way and close to the skin's surface. However, we have been able to see great results using the PicoWay® laser to remove tattoos that are applied by both amateurs and professionals.
You're also going to benefit from faster results using this laser tattoo removal treatment. It provides ultra-fast delivery of energy to the tattoo. This means that it can shatter or break up even the smallest of particles. That will allow your body to get rid of the tattoo ink in a much quicker way. This means that your tattoo is going to disappear out of sight in a shorter amount of time.
Something that a lot of people are concerned about when getting laser tattoo removal is the discomfort they are going to experience when having it removed. Of course, most individuals do not describe the discomfort as something that is excruciating. However, it is a little bit uncomfortable. However, you're only going to experience minimal discomfort when using the PicoWay® laser. The pulses are very fast, and so any discomfort that you experience will be very quick in comparison to other lasers that are used.
Schedule a consultation at Longevity to learn more about this revolutionary method of laser tattoo removal. We would love to explain how the PicoWay® laser can help you to get rid of an unwanted tattoo quickly and with minimal risks and discomfort. We can give you a realistic idea of how long it will take to remove the tattoo and what kind of results you can expect. You no longer have to feel regret over your tattoo. Let us show you how the PicoWay® laser can help you have skin you are proud to show off.
Contact us today to schedule an appointment at our office in Oklahoma City.


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She Tried It! The Foreo LUNA 2
Skin care has become a bit of a passion for me as of late, but with so many products and gadgets on the market it's been hard to determine which items are worth the price. This summer I attended one of Sephora's free beauty classes on skin care and during the demonstration I was introduced to the Foreo Luna 2 which I'm happy to say is worth the price.
Typically I don't have a lot of issues with my skin but lately during my period I've experienced more breakouts than usual and now that Winter is upon us, my skin has become noticeably dry around my chin and the corners of my mouth. Plus, if I'm being honest, there's always a part of me that feels as though my skin isn't as clean as it could or should be when I wash it after wearing makeup. (It's probably the fact that I still see residue on my cotton pad when using a Toner after washing my face.) With the Foreo Luna that concern has been eliminated as I know after one minute of moving the pulsating device around my face I've removed all the day's dirt and debris from my skin. But it's not just the time spent that gives me that assurance, it's the look of my skin after using the product.
I'm the type to lather on a cleanser in the shower, let it sit for 2 seconds, and rinse. But like when brushing one's teeth, it's important to take time to let your facial cleanser penetrate the skin, and the Foreo forces me to do just that. In the instructions for the cleaning device, users are urged to wash their face for one minute with the pulsating bristles and then spend another minute taking the side with the waves across one's face to eliminate lines and wrinkles. The difference from my wash n'go routine versus when I take the time to use the Foreo is dramatic. My skin feels much softer and it looks more brighter than usual because it's actual clean skin, free of makeup residue. To be honest, it's one of those benefits I would've assumed was just B.S. if I didn't see the difference in the mirror for myself. Because the Foreo gets my skin so much cleaner than using a cleanser alone, I've actually started traveling with it to ensure I'm putting my best face forward at all times and rejuvinating my skin as much as possible.
Watch the video below to see my review of the Foreo in live action. While I already loved the results of the Peter Thomas Roth Irish Moor Mud Purifying Cleanser Gel on my face, the Foreo took my results to the next level and essentially give me an exfoliating face lift every time I use it. If you bu this device, I promise you it will be two minutes well spent in the morning and evening.


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Palm Springs Dress in Green
$ 42.00
This gorgeous dress is fashion goals. Smocking across the bodice ensures a comfortable, silhouette hugging fit. Double-tiered sleeves complement the lovely tropical flora with bonus flair. The design permits styling to bare one or both shoulders. Dress up this beachy, breezy ensemble with wedges for date night or an alluring vacation look.
Get your best fit! Entourage carries fashions from many top brands and worldwide vendors. As such, small, medium and large sizing scales can differ between them.
Entourage handles sizing on a per-product measurement basis and we physically measure every product we sell. When applicable, these measurements are provided in product descriptions to help you assure your best fit.
Below is a sizing guide showing measurements in popular sizes:
Entourage is excited to offer free postage-paid returns on all eligible orders! Please review our return policy to assure your purchase is eligible for a return, or to process your return online. All items eligible for return can be returned up to 21 days from purchase date.
With any questions, please contact our Customer Care Department at 706-783-2515 or send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com. The Customer Care Department is open Monday through Friday from 8 am - 5 pm EST and will be happy to assist you!
All jewelry, intimate apparel, bodysuits, swimsuits and items purchased at a discount price of 20% off or greater is a FINAL SALE item and is not eligible for return or exchange. If we receive back an item ineligible for return, we must charge a restocking fee of 25% of the item purchase price plus $7.95 for the shipping fee. Any remaining balance will be issued as store credit.
Interest-free payment installments by available on orders over $35.00 USD. Learn more


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In today's mobile-first world, being listed in an online directory is crucial. Discover where your business should be listed.
With the advent of internet-enabled mobile devices, customers can find exactly what they want, when they want it, wherever they are. "Near me" searches have increased 34x since 2011. During their search for local businesses, many customers will be led to an online business directory.
Think of the Yellow Pages back in the day--but now they're online, with much more detail and information. Just like the Yellow Pages, many online directories categorize business information into lists. This information includes name, address, and phone number (NAP data ), and can also include enhanced content such as website URLs, photos, videos, menus, incentives, and more.
Thousands of business directories exist today where local businesses can create local listings . The traditional directories--YP, Mapquest, and Yahoo--have an average of 237 million active searchers combined. In addition to these, search engines and social networks contain business listings as well. Keeping your local listings accurate, up-to-date, and consistent across all directories is extremely beneficial to search engine ranking.
Customers who search with their smartphones show local intent (the desire to buy offline and closeby) more than double the rate than consumers searching from a desktop. To drive more online searchers to their physical stores, brands should make a dedicated effort to keep their local listing information complete, up-to-date, and consistent across business directories--the more directories your business is listed on, the more likely searches lead to purchases. Consistent listings across business directories also boosts local SEO. The more times a piece of information appears, such as a phone number or address, the more search engines trust and prioritize it on a search engine results page .
Publishing sites can find business information from many places. NAP data is even sold to companies in bulk from data aggregators. In these cases, businesses have little or no control over the content these publishers list about them. The information gathered through data aggregators takes weeks or months to completely update across directories, leading to frequent inconsistencies.
It's easy to claim your business' local listings manually on many business directory sites. The challenge is keeping all of them accurate and up-to-date on a large scale. Doing so manually is time-consuming, overwhelming, and highly prone to error. With a tool like BirdEye's Online Presence , your business can update its local listings across hundreds of sites and directories in real-time, from one place.
BirdEye gives you real-time control over your local listings for each business location, and allows you to easily update NAP data and enhanced content like directions, hours of operation, product categories, menus, and incentives--all from one dashboard. Simply update information in BirdEye, and the platform instantly syncs your changes across 50+ sites . To ensure your listings stay consistent, BirdEye continuously scans the web for any inaccuracies and fixes them automatically.
Wondering how your business appears on business directory sites? Scan your business now . It's quick, easy and free!