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Campbell systematic reviews
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Learn more about Campbell systematic reviews
Campbell evidence and gap maps
Coming soon – Campbell EGMs are a new evidence synthesis product. Plain language summaries of our EGMs will be published on this website. The interactive EGMs and full EGM reports will be available in our journal on the Wiley Online Library platform: click here.
Learn more about Campbell EGMs
Other EGMs
Campbell has produced maps on other topics, sometimes in partnership with other organisations.
See our other EGMs
- Published date 2019-08-05
- Title Other evidence and gap maps (EGMs)
- Authors Padraic Fleming, Sinead McGilloway, Marian Hernon, Mairead Furlong, Siobhain O'Doherty, Fiona Keogh, Tim Stainton
- Published date 2019-01-25
- Coordinating group(s) Disability
- Type of document Review
- PLS Title Individualised funding has positive effects on health and social care outcomes
- PLS Logo
- PLS Description Individualised funding is an umbrella term for disability supports funded on an individual basis. It aims to facilitate self-direction, empowerment, independence and self-determination. This review examines the effects and experiences of individualised funding.
- Title Individualised funding has positive effects on health and social care outcomes
Individualised funding provides personal budgets for people with disabilities, to increase independence and quality of life. The approach has consistently positive effects on overall satisfaction, with some evidence also of improvements in quality of life and sense of security. There may also be fewer adverse effects. Despite implementation challenges, recipients generally prefer this intervention to traditional supports.
What is this review about?
Individualised funding is an umbrella term for disability supports funded on an individual basis. It aims to facilitate self-direction, empowerment, independence and self-determination. This review examines the effects and experiences of individualised funding.
What is the aim of this review?
This Campbell systematic review examines the effects of individualised funding on a range of health and social care outcomes. It also presents evidence on the experiences of people with a disability, their paid and unpaid supports and implementation successes and challenges from the perspective of both funding and support organisations.
What are the main findings of this review?
This study is a review of 73 studies of individualised funding for people with disabilities. These include four quantitative studies, 66 qualitative and three based on a mixed-methods design. The data refer to a 24-year period from 1992 to 2016, with data for 14,000 people. Studies were carried out in Europe, the US, Canada and Australia.
What studies are included?
Overall, the evidence suggests positive effects of individualised funding with respect to quality of life, client satisfaction and safety. There may also be fewer adverse effects. There is less evidence of impact for physical functioning, unmet need and cost effectiveness. The review finds no differences between approaches for the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT), self-perceived health and community participation.
Recipients particularly value: flexibility, improved self-image and self-belief; more value for money; community integration; freedom to choose 'who supports you; 'social opportunities'; and needs-led support. Many people chose individualised funding due to previous negative experiences of traditional, segregated, group-orientated supports.
Successful implementation is supported by strong, trusting and collaborative relationships in their support network with both paid and unpaid individuals. This facilitates processes such as information sourcing, staff recruitment, network building and support with administrative and management tasks. These relationships are strengthened by financial recognition for family and friends, appropriate rates of pay, a shift in power from agencies to the individual or avoidance of paternalistic behaviour.
Challenges include long delays in accessing and receiving funds, which are compounded by overly complex and bureaucratic processes. There can be a general lack of clarity (e.g. allowable budget use) and inconsistent approaches to delivery as well as unmet information needs. Hidden costs or administrative charges can be a source of considerable concern and stress.
Staff mention involvement of local support organisations, availability of a support network for the person with a disability and timely relevant training as factors supporting implementation. Staff also highlight logistical challenges in support needs in an individualised way including, for example, responding to individual expectations, and socio-demographic differences.
What do the findings of this review mean?
This review provides an up-to-date and in-depth synthesis of the available evidence over 25 years. It shows that there are benefits of the individualised funding model. This finding suggests that practitioners and funders should consider moving away from scepticism, towards opportunity and enthusiasm. Policy makers need to be aware of the set-up and transitionary costs involved. Investment in education and training will facilitate deeper understanding of individualised funding and the mechanisms for successful implementation.
Future studies should incorporate longer follow-ups at multiple points over a longer period. The authors of the review encourage mixed-methods approaches in further systematic reviews in the field of health and social care, to provide a more holistic assessment of the effectiveness and impact of complex 'real-world' interventions.
How up-to-date is this review?
The review authors searched for studies up to the end of 2016. This Campbell systematic review was published in January 2019.
- See the full review https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.4073/csr.2019.3
- Authors Maren Duvendack, Philip Mader
- Published date 2019-01-07
- Coordinating group(s) International Development, Methods
- Type of document Review
- PLS Title Financial inclusion interventions have very small and inconsistent impacts
- PLS Logo
- PLS Description Financial inclusion programmes seek to increase access to financial services such as credit, savings, insurance and money transfers and so allow poor and low-income households in low- and middle-income countries to enhance their welfare, grasp opportunities, mitigate shocks, and ultimately escape poverty. This systematic review of reviews assesses the evidence on economic, social, behavioural and gender-related outcomes from financial inclusion.
- Title Financial inclusion interventions have very small and inconsistent impacts
- Library Image
A wide range of financial inclusion programmes seek to increase poor people's access to financial services to enhance the welfare of poor and low-income households in low- and middle-income countries. The impacts of financial inclusion interventions are small and variable. Although some services have some positive effects for some people, overall financial inclusion may be no better than comparable alternatives, such as graduation or livelihoods interventions.
What is this review about?
Financial inclusion programmes seek to increase access to financial services such as credit, savings, insurance and money transfers and so allow poor and low-income households in low- and middle-income countries to enhance their welfare, grasp opportunities, mitigate shocks, and ultimately escape poverty. This systematic review of reviews assesses the evidence on economic, social, behavioural and gender-related outcomes from financial inclusion.
What is the aim of this review?
This systematic review of reviews systematically collects and appraises all of the existing meta-studies – that is systematic reviews and meta-analyses – of the impact of financial inclusion. The authors first analyse the strength of the methods used in those meta-studies, then synthesise the findings from those that are of a sufficient quality, and finally, report the implications for policy, programming, practice and further research arising from the evidence. Eleven studies are included in the analysis.
What are the main findings of this review?
What studies are included?
This review includes studies that synthesise the findings of other studies (meta-studies) regarding the impacts of a range of financial inclusion interventions on economic, social, gender and behavioural outcomes. A total of 32 such meta-studies were identified, of which 11 were of sufficient methodological quality to be included in the final analysis. The review examined meta-studies from 2010 onwards that spanned the globe in terms of geographical coverage.
Impacts are more likely to be positive than negative, but the effects vary, are often mixed, and appear not to be transformative in scope or scale, as they largely occur in the early stages of the causal chain of effects. Overall, the effects of financial services on core economic poverty indicators such as incomes, assets or spending, and on health status and other social outcomes, are small and inconsistent. Moreover, there is no evidence for meaningful behaviour-change outcomes leading to further positive effects.
The effects of financial services on women's empowerment appear to be generally positive, but they depend upon programme features which are often only peripheral or unrelated to the financial service itself (such as education about rights), cultural and geographical context, and what aspects of empowerment are considered.
Accessing savings opportunities appears to have small but much more consistently positive effects for poor people, and bears fewer downside risks for clients than credit. A large number of the meta-studies included in the final analysis voiced concerns about the low quality of the primary evidence base that formed the basis of their syntheses. This raises concerns about the reliability of the overall findings of meta-studies.
What do the findings of this review mean?
This systematic review of reviews draws on the largest-ever evidence base on financial inclusion impacts. The weak effects found warn against unrealistic hype for financial inclusion, as previously happened for microcredit. There are substantial evidence gaps, notably studies of sufficient duration to measure higher-level impacts which take time to materialize, and for specific outcomes such as debt levels or indebtedness patterns and the link to macroeconomic development.
This study is the first review of reviews published by the Campbell Collaboration. Some important limitations were encountered working at this level of systematisation. It is recommended that authors of primary studies and meta-studies engage more critically with study quality and ensure better, more detailed reporting of their concepts, data and methods. More methods guidance and clearer reporting standards for the social science and international development context would be helpful.
How up-to-date is this review?
The review authors searched for studies in November 2017, updating elements of the searches in January 2018. This Campbell Systematic Review was published in January 2019.
- See the full review https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.4073/csr.2019.2
Effects of bystander programs on the prevention of sexual assault among adolescents and college students
- Authors Heather Hensman Kettrey, Robert A. Marx, Emily E. Tanner-Smith
- Published date 2019-01-04
- Coordinating group(s) Crime and Justice
- Type of document Review
- PLS Title Bystander programs increase bystander intervention but no effect on perpetrating sexual assault
- PLS Logo
- PLS Description Sexual assault is a significant problem among adolescents and college students across the world. One promising strategy for preventing these assaults is the implementation of bystander sexual assault prevention programs, which encourage young people to intervene when witnessing incidents or warning signs of sexual assault. This review examines the effects bystander programs have on knowledge and attitudes concerning sexual assault and bystander behavior, bystander intervention when witnessing sexual assault or its warning signs, and participants' rates of perpetration of sexual assault.
- Title Effects of bystander programs on the prevention of sexual assault among adolescents and college students
- Library Image
- See the full review https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.4073/csr.2019.1
- Authors Angela Higginson, Kathryn Benier, Yulia Shenderovich, Laura Bedford, Lorraine Mazerolle, Joseph Murray
- Published date 2018-11-29
- Coordinating group(s) Crime and Justice, International Development
- Type of document Title Protocol Review Plain language summary
- Category Image
- PLS Title Evidence shows which factors predict gang membership in low- and middle-income countries, but more studies needed
- PLS Logo
- PLS Description Youth gang membership is associated with delinquency, violent crime and trafficking – and gang members are themselves frequently the victims of these offences. Yet youth gangs can also provide a form of social capital, a sense of belonging and purpose to disenfranchised youth. This review identifies the factors associated with young people joining gangs, and the differences between gang-involved and non-gang-involved youth. Understanding these associations is essential to reduce the levels of gang membership and the incidence of related violence.
- Title Factors associated with youth gang membership in low- and middle-income countries
- See the full review https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.4073/csr.2018.11
- Authors Trine Filges, Christoffer Scavenius Sonne-Schmidt, Bjørn Christian Viinholt Nielsen
- Published date 2018-10-11
- Coordinating group(s) Education
- Type of document Title Protocol Review Plain language summary Data
- PLS Title Small class size has at best a small effect on academic achievement
- PLS Logo
- PLS Description Increasing class size is one of the key variables that policy makers can use to control spending on education. But the consensus among many in education research is that smaller classes are effective in improving student achievement which has led to a policy of class size reductions in a number of US states, the UK, and the Netherlands. This policy is disputed by those who argue that the effects of class size reduction are only modest and that there are other more cost-effective strategies for improving educational standards. Despite the important policy and practice implications of the topic, the research literature on the educational effects of class-size differences has not been clear. This review systematically reports findings from relevant studies that measure the effects of class size on academic achievement.
- Title Small class sizes for improving student achievement in primary and secondary schools
- See the full review https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.4073/csr.2018.10
Recovery schools for improving behavioral and academic outcomes among students in recovery from substance use disorders
- Authors Emily A. Hennessy, Emily E. Tanner-Smith, Andrew J. Finch, Nila Sathe, Shannon Kugley
- Published date 2018-10-04
- Coordinating group(s) Education, Social Welfare
- Type of document Title Protocol Review Plain language summary
- Category Image
- PLS Title There is insufficient evidence to know whether recovery high schools and collegiate recovery communities are effective
- PLS Logo
- PLS Description Based on the results of one study, recovery high schools (RHSs) may reduce high school students' school absenteeism, marijuana use, and other drug use, and increase abstinence from drugs; but RHSs may be no better or worse than other high schools in improving grades, reducing truancy, or reducing alcohol use. It is unclear whether collegiate recovery communities (CRCs) are effective in promoting academic success and reducing substance use among college students.
- Title Recovery schools for improving behavioral and academic outcomes among students in recovery from substance use disorders
- See the full review https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.4073/csr.2018.9
- Authors Jennifer Petkovic, Vivian Welch, Marie Helena Jacob, Manosila Yoganathan, Ana Patricia Ayala, Heather Cunningham, Peter Tugwell
- Published date 2018-09-10
- Coordinating group(s) Knowledge Translation and Implementation
- Type of document Title Protocol Review Plain language summary
- PLS Title Policy briefs make systematic reviews easier to understand but little evidence of impact on use of study findings
- PLS Logo
- PLS Description Systematic reviews are long and technical documents that may be hard for policymakers to use when making decisions. Evidence summaries are short documents that describe research findings in systematic reviews. These summaries may simplify the use of systematic reviews. Other names for evidence reviews are policy briefs, evidence briefs, summaries of findings, or plain language summaries. The goal of this review was to learn whether evidence summaries help policymakers use evidence from systematic reviews. This review also aimed to identify the best ways to present the evidence summary to increase the use of evidence.
- Title Do evidence summaries increase health policy-makers' use of evidence from systematic reviews?
- See the full review https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.4073/csr.2018.8
- Authors Ruth Pitt
- Published date 2018-08-22
- Coordinating group(s) Crime and Justice
- Type of document Policy brief
- Title Policy brief 5: Effectiveness of focused policing strategies
This Campbell policy brief summarises findings from systematic reviews on focused policing strategies, the consequences of geographically-focused policing for neighbouring areas, and community perceptions of police legitimacy.
Citizen engagement improves access to public services in low- and middle-income countries, but evidence on development outcomes is limited
- Authors Hugh Waddington, Ada Sonnenfeld, Juliette Finetti, Marie Gaarder, Denny John, Jennifer Stevenson
- Published date 2019-08-02
- Coordinating group(s) International Development
- Type of document Plain language summary
- Title Citizen engagement improves access to public services in low- and middle-income countries, but evidence on development outcomes is limited
- Library Image
Citizen engagement improves access to public services in low- and middle-income countries, but evidence on development outcomes is limited
Interventions promoting citizen engagement in public service management involve participation, inclusion, transparency and accountability (PITA) mechanisms. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), these interventions are effective in improving active citizenship and service delivery, and may improve the responsiveness of service provider staff for services provided directly by public servants (for example, in health).
In contrast, interventions providing information to stimulate pressure on politicians are not usually effective in improving provider response or service delivery. There is insufficient evidence to conclude whether these interventions are effective in improving wellbeing or the relationship between citizens and the state.
What is this review about?
Failures in governance lead to the exclusion of large portions of society from public services and to waste, fraud and corruption. This review assesses evidence for interventions promoting better governance of public services: participation (participatory planning), inclusion (involvement of marginalised groups), transparency (information about citizen rights or performance of public officials), and accountability (citizen feedback) mechanisms, known collectively as PITA mechanisms.
What is the aim of this review?
This Campbell systematic review examines the effects of interventions to promote citizen engagement in public service management. The review synthesises evidence from 35 impact evaluations and 36 related studies of interventions promoting participation, inclusion, transparency and accountability (PITA) mechanisms.
What studies are included?
The review includes impact evaluations relating to 35 PITA programmes from 20 LMICs. In addition, 36 qualitative and programmatic documents were included to strengthen understanding of implementation context and programme mechanisms.
What are the main findings of this review?
Citizen engagement interventions (i) are usually effective in improving intermediate user engagement outcomes, for example, meeting attendance and contributions to community funds; (ii) improve access to and quality of services but not service use outcomes; (iii) can lead to improvements in some wellbeing outcomes such as health and productive outcomes; (iv) may improve tax collection; but (v) do not usually lead to changes in provider action outcomes such as public spending, staff motivation and corruption. There may be an exception where there is direct interaction between citizens and service providers in the regular delivery of services. Interventions providing performance information do not generally improve access or lead to improvements in service quality.
Only interventions focused on services delivered by front-line staff (e.g., in health) achieve positive outcomes. Those delivered without public interaction (e.g., roads) do not. However, engagement with civil society organisations and interest groups may lead to better outcomes for services accessed independently of providers. Inclusive citizen engagement programmes have at least as big an effect on user engagement and access to services as less inclusive approaches.
Many interventions experienced challenges stemming from a lack of positive engagement with supply-side actors, whose power the interventions often sought to diminish. Interventions implemented with the strong support of the targeted service providers were better able to realise positive impacts.
Approaches to citizen-service provider engagement appear to work more effectively when implemented through phased, facilitated collaborative processes rather than one-off accountability meetings that are seen as confrontational.
Only four studies present any data on intervention costs. This limited the potential for any analysis of comparisons across programmes and settings.
In interpreting the findings, it must be noted that each individual outcome is reported in only a few studies and that included studies have important methodological weaknesses with risks of bias arising from weak design, analysis and reporting.
What do the findings of this review mean?
For policy and programme managers: A collaborative rather than confrontational approach with the service providers whose services are under scrutiny is more likely to be effective. Engaging communities may require using civil society organisations to facilitate the community's participation. Programme design should ensure positive engagement with supply-side actors within the intervention setting.
For researchers: More high-quality studies are needed, comparing different approaches to improving service delivery, paying attention to complete description of the different approaches being compared. Since implementation is a crucial factor, mixed methods studies should be the norm, and will help focus on equity considerations which have been neglected. Finally, there should be standardisation of indicators in PITA studies.
How up-to-date is this review?
The review authors searched for studies up to March 2018. This Campbell systematic review was published in June 2019.
- See the full review https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cl2.1025


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The Low Carbon Fuel Standard was intended to reduce California carbon emissions, but it may come with some terrible unintended consequences.
We've all seen the movie: Some small, seemingly unrelated actions lead to dire and unintended consequences. It happens in real life too, especially in government. The Low Carbon Fuel Standard, a regulatory program established under Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, was intended to reduce California carbon emissions, but it may come with some terrible unintended consequences.
The concept underpinning the standard is that most Californians would pay a little more at the pump if that guaranteed cleaner air. But what if the program also unwittingly supported the economy in places like Iraq, promoted clear-cutting of the Amazon rain forest, increased hunger in nations such as Haiti and Guatemala, and eliminated jobs in California? These are some of the unintended consequences if we don't change how the standard is implemented. The program, which took effect in 2011, requires a 10% reduction in "carbon intensity" in our fuel, taking into account emissions during the process, including extraction, refining, transportation and consumer use. The California Air Resources Board, charged with implementing the standard, assigns scores to oil from around the world because oil is not all the same. If oil from one region contains more sulfur, for example, it gets a lower score. The gasoline produced from it must be mixed with "cleaner" fuels to achieve a carbon reduction.
The air resources board attempts to include factors such as the environmental practices in the country of origin and the amount of emissions from shipping fuel here. But what it found was that because it needs more refining, oil from California and Canada scored worse than oil from faraway places like Saudi Arabia, even though our environmental laws are much stricter and shipping foreign oil and fuel to California takes a lot of oil and fuel.
If we import higher-scoring foreign oil, it would benefit nations such as Iraq and Saudi Arabia (and indirectly, producers like Iran), to the potential detriment of California's economy and energy independence.
Read more at www.latimes.com

subset: commoncrawl


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LAL is saving the Atlantic Horseshoe Crab
Thanks to its use in biomedical research, the horseshoe crab maintains its protective status allowing the population to continue to flourish. Without the continued need by the biomedical industry, the legal protection for this special species is not guaranteed, and horseshoe crabs would again fall prey to use as bait by fisherman.
To dispel the myths currently being disseminated within the biomedical industry about the population status of the Atlantic horseshoe crab and the use of its blood in the testing process, we present some key facts and scientific data to educate those who might be concerned about the horseshoe crab and to clear up any confusion.
Myth 2
There are not enough horseshoe crabs to provide the global LAL demands.
Fact: We've developed innovative technology that uses just 1/20th of the LAL needed for traditional
endotoxin testing. If all tests were performed using our optimized FDA-licensed PTS™ cartridge, today's worldwide demand could be met with the blood collected from our bi-annual quota of donors without
needing to bleed a single extra crab.
Myth 4
The blood of the horseshoe crab is unnecessary for life-saving medications.
Fact: Most, if not all, life-saving drugs require compendial bacterial endotoxin testing before they are released. The current FDA-approved LAL test derived from the blood of the horseshoe crab plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of these products and, more critically, the safety of the patient receiving the product.
Myth 6
The biomedical industry is responsible for the declining population
of the horseshoe crab.
Fact: The biomedical industry's need for horseshoe crab has in fact driven the development of laws
to protect the animal. Without these laws in place, the animal would fall prey to overfishing practices that,
prior to legislation, used for these animals as bait.
Myth 8
There are no restrictions on how many horseshoe crabs can be caught.
Fact: In 2000, the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission introduced trawling quotas to limit the number of horseshoe crabs caught for uses other than LAL, reducing harvest numbers by 80 percent.
Myth 1
The Atlantic horseshoe crab is an endangered species.
Fact: According to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, the Limulus Polyphemus is not considered an endangered or even a vulnerable species. The most recent stock assessment report published by Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC), horseshoe crab populations have increased in the southeast and have remained stable in the Delaware Bay region.
Myth 3
Synthetic alternatives are more sustainable than LAL.
Fact: The blood of the horseshoe crab is a natural, sustainable resource that is treasured by the biomedical industry, making the donor animal the focus of protection and conservation efforts. Without the continued need by the biomedical industry, the legal protection for this species is not guaranteed and would again fall prey to use as bait by fisherman. The synthetic alternative to horseshoe crab blood is not FDA-licensed for end product release and requires time and funding to validate its use. As a non-FDA licensed product, it is also not controlled by the same strict quality requirements as LAL.
Myth 5
Biomedical companies kill horseshoe crabs for their blood.
Fact: Crabs gathered for Charles River's strictly controlled bleeding program are hand collected
by licensed fisherman and carefully returned, unharmed, to their natural habitat the same day.
Myth 7
The horseshoe crab bleeding process is a big secret.
Fact: LAL manufacturers are required to provide detailed information on the number of animals bled, delivered, their sex, types of injuries and mortalities if any to the Department of Natural Resources. This information is then made public on the website of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission.
Fact: An independent study was conducted that examined genetic markers of the horseshoe crab population spanning the South Carolina coast in 2015. This study indicated an immensely diverse and large population with abundant adaptive potential, ensuring long-term viability along the coast of South Carolina.
Myth 9
The horseshoe crab population lacks genetic diversity due to their inability
to spawn after bleeding.


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Station News rss
Student Radio Marathon: The Day After
What a day!
Yesterday, on November 8th, 2018, CKUW opened its doors to the student population of the University of Winnipeg and invited them to make the radio content of their dreams. They didn't disappoint. See below for the downloadable versions of all our special Student Radio Marathon programs!
We hope to see and hear some of these same fledgling radio stars next year, along with some new voices.
Femisphere featuring a boatload of special guests
Nicolas' hour-long sports rant
Writings from the Northern Hemisphere
Reed's take on being an English student
Joe's Super Smash show
The Ukrainian Association's roundtable
The Tutoring Centre gets down to business
Jade with the UWSA lowdown
Juliana's abridged version of Barking Dog
The Intersex Day of Solidarity rap session
At the movies with Nick and Joe
Ugonna and company talk turkey about school
Abby and Carla's Youth Parliament chat
Josh fights dysgraphia with pop-punk
Karlee laughs it up with local stand-up comics


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The spring concert, ska-syndicate Reel Big Fish and moody alt-artists Brand New, hit the Kuhl Gymnasium hard with vitalized highs and torturous lows. The result was a night of rivalry between silly and somber entertainment ending with a raspy, tired voice held over an acoustic guitar.
Reel Big Fish piled onto the stage like a group of kids with ADHD who had just downed a case of Red Bull. Jumping, running and flailing their limbs about, the band members played into the crowd fervently. The band seemed in-tune; it was an on-stage epic, each member with his own poise, but all with the same hardened desire to perform.
As the band played their hour-long set, the ska-kids of the crowd danced. The skank (ska dance), for those unaware, is something of a joyful, bobbing skip - a Crip Walk for suburban kids. The more RBF played, the bigger the dance party became. At one point, there was a ska conga line which laced through half of the crowd. RBF was impressive, being perhaps the only band to cover Metallica and Phil Collins in the same set.
After RBF, the gym thinned out a bit. This was not a bad thing, but rather the self-progressive weeding out of the crowd from ska fans to punk destructionists. Eventually, the lights went out and the sound of the instrumental "Welcome to Bangkok" hummed the crowd into a craze. As the song leapt into its frantic maelstrom, the lights blared and the stage revealed two drummers, two bassists and two guitarists.
Brand New went into a musical frenzy from that point forward. No "hi," no hugs, just balled-up emotion wrapped in wanton snare rolls and whining guitar riffs. The boys had come to play with sticks and picks, their music saturated in woeful misery. Beautiful to the ear, captivating to the eye and unfiltered, it entered the brain.
They subsided only briefly, playing three acoustic songs to give singer Jesse Lacey's voice a rest (his voice was almost gone due to previous strain). Even those songs, like "Coca Cola," were frigid yet comely. What made them so? The answer is Lacey. His supporting cast, which ranged anywhere from one to five musicians throughout the night, was spotless in their transitions and synchronization, but Lacey was separate.
The deeper into the set, the deeper became Lacey's somber appearance. It was as if every word, carefully constructed, was a knife in his heart when sung, a grave musical death over and over as the crowd cheered longingly. It was the kind of pain-driven performance one would not normally see.
The stage theatrics and the shuffled performers built the show up, but at the end of the night it was only the shadowed crowd and the handsomely destroyed singer that remained.


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Trees and Grass
I really love this landscape design in part because it is so luscious, but at the same time because of its immense simplicity. I mean, all we have here is well kept grass, some bushes and a few trees. But what they all d o when they come together on this large property is create a great landscape design that is quite rustic, and yet very accessible. I can imagine kids running around playing, climbing trees, and having picnics with their parents in this yard. Just by having everything laid out symmetrically and in a way that makes sense, we have a lovely yard without a ton of bells and whistles.


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Please visit The Deli's full web charts organized by genre and region.
Have you ever found yourself wondering what a post-apocalyptic pack of roving hackers who speak in Comic-Sans incantations would sound like? Data, the Philly-based duo comprised of Nina Ryser and Gabe Adels, may have just conjured this pleasantly absurd hypothetical into existence. Invisible Witnesses is the second release from the group and follow up to last year's Divine Creature. Warbling keyboards interlaced with punchy, staccato guitar lines mark the band's signature sound, with Ryser and Adels's vocals vacillating between crooning and shouting. The track, "Touchdown Tonight," feels almost like an homage to the late Don Van Vliet, while the contrasts between recordings like "Give Me Away" and album opener, "Heart So Sad," display the dynamics that make the album drift effortlessly between jittery grooves and refined singer-songwriter passages. Invisible Witnesses is now available digitally below and on cassette via Single Girl Married Girl Records. – Josh Kelly
This Emerging Artist is based in Philadelphia,
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for our Philadelphia Artist of the Month poll below!
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New York City Comptroller Scott Stringer might be the Big Apple's chief fiscal officer, but he's also a huge Jets fan who has been known to occasionally rearrange his busy schedule to watch his favorite team play. After witnessing five decades of Gang Green's failed, quick-fix plans and other losing ways, Stringer, 56, is so fed up he has decided to call an audible from City Hall and provide a much-needed public service for his beloved club. He's tapping into the years of financial expertise he has gained monitoring the city's cash coffers, along with his own football fandom, to offer the Jets his master plan for becoming consistent winners and — God willing — capturing another Super Bowl in his lifetime. As told to The Post's Rich Calder.
The problem with the Jets franchise is they've long suffered from delusions of Super Bowl grandeur.
For decades, they've never really been willing to commit to multiple years of painful rebuilding, always thinking they're one step, or one free-agent signing away, from a championship — when nothing can be further from the truth.
As comptroller, my job is to monitor the city's books, and I'm a big believer in thinking ahead while always having a long-term plan. It's about time the Jets also start thinking long-term because, quite frankly, there is no quick fix for the franchise.
At my age, I don't want to keep waiting for another Super Bowl, and now I have two young boys: Max, 5; and Miles, 4, who I've persuaded to become Jets fans.
I love those kids and don't want them suffer like I have after thinking I made the greatest choice in the world in 1969, when I fell in love with Jets as an 8-year-old watching my favorite player of all-time, Joe Namath, lead them to victory in Super Bowl III. That's why we need to do this rebuild the right way.
For starters, the Jets should seriously consider cutting talented, but often injured, wide receiver Eric Decker. He's terrific, and though we need veterans, we also have a promising group of young receivers we should try to nurture. They should also deal veteran running back Matt Forte and defensive end Sheldon Richardson, who — as talented as he is — brings too much baggage. We already have playmakers at the position.
Jets general manager Mike Maccagnan is off to a solid start this offseason, securing salary-cap relief for future years by cutting Darrelle Revis, Brandon Marshall and other aging stars who underperformed during last year's unexpected 5-11 disaster.
My suggestions would save roughly another $19 million in salary-cap space this season for a team currently just $9 million under the cap that still needs to spend money signing upcoming draft picks. More importantly, it will free up millions of dollars in additional cap savings for 2018, when the Jets should be in better shape to actually court prized free agents.
Forte and Richardson should also each bring back at least a fourth-round pick in trades. That brings me to the key part of my plan: stockpiling draft picks the same way a fiscally responsible government collects surplus funds for future emergencies.
The Jets currently have seven picks in this week's NFL draft. I believe there's a big deal to be had. For instance, the Jets should try swapping the sixth overall pick with the Browns for a package that includes the 12th-overall pick Cleveland secured in a previous deal and their second-round pick (No. 33 overall).
If such a deal to trade down in the first round can't be reached, the Jets must use their own pick to shore up their secondary. Viable options include Ohio State cornerback Marshon Lattimore or LSU safety Jamal Adams.
As this deep draft plays out, Maccagnan should always look to trade down and collect more picks for both this draft and future years. And his focus must be on drastically improving the secondary, linebackers and offensive line.
In case there are any doubts, my message is clear: DON'T DRAFT A QUARTERBACK!
Unless the Jets start developing a strong offensive line, they shouldn't be bringing in another young quarterback this year and potentially damaging his career by throwing him into a system he's not ready for.
Bryce Petty and Christian Hackenberg might not be the long-term answer, but journeyman quarterback Josh McCown certainly isn't. Petty and Hackenberg should get the majority of training-camp reps behind center — even though the ultimate results could leave the Jets staring at a lousy 1-15 kind of season.
Though I would never outwardly root for the Jets to lose to secure a top 2018 pick, the consolation for finishing badly is that next year's draft class for quarterbacks is much better. USC's Sam Darnold, UCLA's Josh Rosen and other top prospects are expected to come out.
Meanwhile, the free-agent quarterback class of 2018 is also stacked with talent such as Kirk Cousins and Matthew Stafford. However, my preference is drafting a blue-chip quarterback the team can invest in and become championship contenders for the next 10 years.
Jets fans must accept the club is better off rebuilding over the next two to three years than trying the same "competitive rebuild" method that never seems to work for the franchise. In fact, a true rebuild should have taken place five years ago.
We need to give Maccagnan and coach Todd Bowles a chance now that they were brought back for this year. Jets owner Woody Johnson must commit to keeping them both through at least the 2018 season — no matter how bad the team finishes this season.
Otherwise, the Jets are just going to be staring at another rebuild that includes an entirely new staff.
Enough is enough. It's time to finally fix this mess.


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On a beautiful Saturday morning, I got to sit down with my equally beautiful friend Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman about moving to the big city, pursuing the dream, and his exciting new series Stargate Universe.
Jeffrey has a way of inspiring and pushing the people around him to live things that they think might not be possible. I know in my life, he was the sole reason I had the commercial acting and modeling career that I had, taking me to my first pro bono shoot kicking and screaming (below), getting me to put myself out to agents, and consistently being positive about my life and career when I was around him. You can feel this tall 6'3″ drink of water before you even see him. His friends can tell you that his presence brightens the room, and as you can read below, this positivity has gotten him far while chasing after his dream of becoming a professional actor.
NO: Why don't you introduce yourself to our public
JBC: I'm Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman *smirking*
NO: Yes. The man that needs no introduction.
JBC: Aw Nicholas.
NO: Because he has three names!
JBC: *laughs* You're amazing.
NO: You are one of the new stars of Stargate Universe.
JBC: I am.
NO: And…
JBC: It's been incredible, I don't even know where to start. It's the best job I've ever had in my entire life. It was totally unexpected. I went in and read for …four different characters over the course of a month and a half before I ended up actually landing my character Darren Becker.
NO: Oh wow.
JBC: Yeah. It's been…it's been fantastic. We've shot nineteen episodes so far. We're shooting the last two, uhm, this coming month. We've been shooting since last february. It's a really really character driven show and it's really different than the other two Stargates in that sense. There's eight leads on the show, and about thirty recurrings so…
NO: Wow that's a lot.
JBC: Yeah it's insane when you're on set there's like fifty trailers all over the place and just, just the majority of the cast just playing and having fun in between takes and we've all really become a family over the last nine months.
NO: That's amazing, because I know there's a lot of facebook status updates that I get from outside North America and there's been a couple in the last few weeks actually that have been about Stargate Universe. This is actually a global thing let alone North America.
JBC: Honestly out of all of the projects that I've done in my career, the fans for Stargate are insane. Ridiculous. Before the show has even aired I've been getting hoardes and hoardes of fan mail sent to my agency, sent to my facebook, sent to my personal e-mail. I don't know how they got my personal e-mail but they sure do their research.
NO: And did you know that coming into the show?
JBC: Mmm, I was told? I had no idea to this degree honestly. Ya.
NO: Well congratulations, but this isn't where it started. You're not actually a native of Vancouver right?
JBC: I'm not, I'm from Alberta.
NO: From where in Alberta Jeffrey? *smirking*
JBC: *laughing* Oh Nicholas. I'm from Red Deer, Alberta.
NO: Funny how your IMDB page does not say Red Deer.
JBC: It doesn't mention it at all does it? *continuing laughing*. It does mention my age however!
NO: No it says "Edmonton".
JBC: Ya? Does it?
NO: But you did spend some time in Edmonton.
JBC: I was born there. I spent the first few years of my life there.
NO: And you came out to Vancouver strictly for acting?
JBC: Uhm, I came to Vancouver when I was nineteen for modeling mostly. I started to model when I was sixteen years old and moved here, got signed with a modelling agency here and then just kinda fell into acting honestly. I was…do you want to hear the story?
NO: Well ya kind of because I think it's really interesting knowing a couple people that moved to Vancouver strictly for acting to know that sometimes it does fall in your lap when you least expect it even if it's not what your priority is.
Nic & Jeffrey (Modeling Photo)
JBC: Ya absolutely. I had always had the dream, you know, like any actor slash model or model slash actor to step into the world of acting but uhm, I was twenty years old, I was on a bunch of castings for fashion week. I decided to skip my last casting for the day and go for lunch with a friend. I was sitting in Earls on Burrard Street and was approached by an acquaintance of mine asking me if I had any acting experience. I said "No, I model but I would love to". He said "Come over and meet my friend" so I went over to the table and met this lovely gentleman named Ron Oliver who told me that he was desperately looking for somebody to fill the role in uhm…
NO: Shock to the Sytem.
JBC: That's right. Shock to the system in his new movie starring Morgan Fairchild and Chad Allen. I told him I had no acting experience but I would love to come in for an audition so he set one up for the next day. I went in and the casting room was full of ten, thirty-five year old, big, brooding muscley black men. I thought I had no shot whatsoever. I was literally about to grab my bag and walk out the door, completely defeated.
NO: And it's a good thing you didn't.
JBC: It's a good thing I didn't. They called my name just as I was standing up to walk out. I went in and just kinda said "What do I got to lose?", read the ten pages of lines and booked it on the spot.
NO: Fantastic. And do you feel like that was your big break? Is that what you would define as the "big break"?
JBC: Absolutely. That was…that was the defining moment of my acting career in the sense that, that was what got me in the room in front of other casting directors to be seen for other projects. From then I started booking guest spots on TV series and doing voice work, and other movies of the week and feature films.
NO: Ya, voice work. You also do the voice of Black Panther on Iron Man.
JBC: I do.
NO: And maybe people would be interested in the contrast of working doing voice work and how you can make a career out of that and what it's actually like.
JBC: For voice work it's really fierce competition actually. It's a really small knit group of people in the city who do it and they're all incredibly talented. I was really really lucky to get in when I did. It was a total fluke as I see it. I was called by my agency seeing if I could do an african accent, and like any good actor the answer's always 'yes'.
NO: Like any good black man.
JBC: *laughs loudly* Yes, like any good blacktor, the accent is a yes. I made up an african accent on the spot. I went in the next day and read for Iron Man, and I guess I was the best of the worst.
NO: That's amazing. I know with all this work that Shock to the System was kind of the first time you were recognized as well.
JBC: Yup.
NO: I remember you telling me a story about a woman in your apartment building.
JBC: Oh my gosh. Hmm.
NO: Do you remember this? She was living upstairs or something along those lines.
JBC: Oh that's right, it was my neighbour.
NO: Ya, and she had said that she had watched the movie and she thought you were the actor.
JBC: Ya that's right!
NO: And has that happened since then? Is that something that happens a lot in vancouver specifically.
JBC: You know what? Out of all of the projects that I've done, I get recognized most from Shock to the System. I think it still runs on pay stations, on Super Channel and stuff. Mostly Vancouver but yeah, even when I go home for christmas, I have…last week actually one of my best friends and my Mother both called me in the same day telling me that Shock to the System was on.
NO: That's funny.
JBC: Yeah I get recognized for the L Word in Vancouver too, and this movie I just did last summer with Amanda Crew called The Break-Up Artist.
NO: That's right, and when is that out ?
JBC: That's already aired on television. It'll be on DVD in the next couple months.
NO: And are you ready to get recognized for Stargate now?
JBC: You. Bet.
NO: *laughs* You are excited for that aren't you?
JBC: It's fantastic honestly. Actually just two nights ago I was at a film gala at Opus and I got recognized from Stargate specifically, and only two episodes have aired. It's the best feeling in the whole wide world to see…to see so many people from so many different genres, so many age groups, and you know, races that all have this common interest in the show. It's not just for Sci-Fi fans.
NO: No I definitely get a sense of that as well. Especially all appreciating your work after struggling so long in your acting career…
JBC: Oh my gosh yes.
NO: …you could have given up so many times like so many people do, but now's actually your chance to succeed and be proud of that.
JBC: Absolutely. No, it's been really fantastic and smooth sailing at times, and other times it's been…it's been a struggle for sure. I was working as a waiter for years in between while going out for castings and auditions and just hoping to book a job. Uhm, yeah, it's been really fulfiling. If you put the time into it and stick to it, it will pay off. I see so many people who, who try for a couple of months or a couple of years and kind of half ass it, and don't get what they want out of it. You really do have to put the work in to reap the benefits.
NO: Absolutely. I think with anything really, as with acting, there's a lot of people who need to hear that and I think you're a big inspiration for people that can make a successful career out of acting in our tiny city.
JBC: Well thank you very much.
NO: Well thank YOU very much for sitting down with me I appreciate it.
JBC: My pleasure.
NO: Adieu.
JBC: *laughs* Adieu.
Jeffrey and the rest of the cast can be seen on Stargate Universe airing on SciFi, Friday at 9/8c.


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I don't think many would argue that tagging has revolutionized the way we store and retrieve data online. Tagging gives users a flexibility not previously offered, and allows them the opportunity to use a consistent (or inconsistent, if they so please) method for organizing important information across multiple servers, data stores, etc.
There are, however, some cases where I believe tagging goes too far. I've certainly mentioned it before, but anytime I see a laundry list of Technorati tags at the end of a blog post, it seems so annoying and bizarre. Imagine if every time you posted you had to leave some special markup at the end of your post to tell Googlebot what search terms you wanted your post to apply to? As I said over at Sean's site, providing direct tag links for Technorati to consume just seems like you're pimping your content out to them. Why not let them earn their keep? In fact, why not instead push for a standard tagging microformat so that Technorati and its competitors know how to pick that stuff up without you catering to any one specific service's needs?
That being said, I'm not really sure tagging in this way is all that necessary anyway. Robert Scoble has already covered this somewhat in The power of blogging on Google. He hits it right on the head. If you're a responsible blogger and make sure Google is paying attention, you can pretty much rely on them as a content storage system that has built-in tag support.
For instance, in writing my post The Future of History a week ago, I did a Google search for 'scoble traffic' to find a post of his that I remembered reading a month before. In fact, while writing this post I've already used Google searches for 480x technorati bernie and scoble google "back out" to find relevant posts using simple tags that apply to what I'm searching for.
I'm pretty sure I could probably do away with my archives by luck at this point and simply rely on Google to point me at my blog's content based on various topics or tags. So next time you consider pimping your blog out to a service like Technorati, make sure you're not forgetting about the bigger beast that's doing a much better job without asking for additional help from you. And always remember that good content has a way of finding people on its own.
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A sign of things to come, the new Cherokee allows Jeep to participate competitively in the expansive compact crossover segment. Although compact crossovers are not completely new to Jeep as the Compass and Patriot have been produced for seven years, the Cherokee is still an enormous departure from more traditional Jeep designs. Never before has such sculptured bodywork been used on a Jeep. Despite some small details, such as the usual arched wheel openings and a Wrangler-inspired abrupt downward bend in the side glass, the seven slot grill looks out-of-place on the creased hood of the Cherokee. Underpinning the new Cherokee, is a variation of Fiat's Compact U.S. wide platform shared with the rather pedestrian Dodge Dart. A 2.4 liter four-cylinder or 3.2 liter Pentastar V6 drives either the front or all four wheels. Only the Trailhawk trim level boasts true off-road credentials with low range gearing and 8.8 inches of ground clearance, along with improved approach, break over, and departure angles among other features. Although it alleviates the gripes and complaints summoned by those who use a more traditional Jeep for daily use, many Jeep enthusiasts look upon the softened fifth generation Cherokee in disgust, seeing it as nothing more than another crossover unworthy of the Jeep, and more specifically the Cherokee nameplate. Through this article, past Jeep Cherokees will be discussed in an effort to show the evolution of the Cherokee, and the significant changes over its forty-year production.
1974-1983 Jeep Cherokee (SJ)
In 1974, Jeep introduced the first generation Cherokee to replace the Jeep Commando. Created to fill a niche of sporty, full-sized SUVs, the Cherokee was essentially a two-door variation of the Wagoneer. It featured large side windows behind the front doors and a grill derived from Jeep's line of pickups. AMC's 258 cubic inch inline-six came standard while a 360 cubic inch V8 with two or four-barrel carburetors was optional. A 401 cubic inch V8 was also available. A three-speed manual came with inline-six equipped Cherokees while a four-speed automatic was attached to the V8s. The Quadra-Trac full-time four-wheel drive system was available on Cherokees equipped with the 360 V8, and could be optioned with low range gearing. The standard four-wheel drive system was a two-speed, part-time unit. Trim levels included the base model and the S. Available graphics packages helped set the Cherokee apart from the Wagoneer. In 1975, a variation of the Cherokee that featured a wider track and fender flares was introduced for the 1976 model year. The frame was made wider for more widely spaced springs, and featured increased rigidity due to strengthened crossmembers. In 1977, a four-door model was made available. By this time the Wagoneer had moved significantly upmarket and the Cherokee was advertised as a cheaper, less luxurious alternative. By 1983, the last year of the full-size Cherokee, the Jeep featured a plastic grill and a plastic spoiler below the bumper in an effort to increase fuel economy. A four barrel carburetor was no longer offered on the 360 cubic inch V8 and the 401 cubic inch V8 was dropped altogether. Trim packages included the base model, Pioneer, Chief, and Laredo.
1984-2001 Jeep Cherokee (XJ)
Jeep, along with its parent company AMC, had suffered greatly due to the increased demand for better fuel economy in vehicles. Struggling to meet Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards, Jeep even started offering GM's 150 cubic inch Iron Duke four cylinders in the CJ series of Jeeps by the early eighties. The current Cherokee was enormous, heavy, and inefficient. To address this issue, the completely new 1984 Jeep Cherokee debuted. The now iconic XJ series of Cherokees abandoned the body-on-frame construction of its predecessor in favor of unibody construction, refered to by Jeep as UniFrame. The Cherokee was 21 inches shorter, and six inches narrower than the previous model. At 3,100 pounds, the Cherokee was significantly lighter as well. A solid front axle was used however the suspension was of a coil sprung, multilink design. The solid rear axle was suspended by leaf springs. Powering the new Cherokees was a standard 2.5 liter four-cylinder with a one barrel carburetor, and an optional 2.8 liter V6 sourced from GM with a two barrel carberator. Fuel economy was increased greatly as Cherokees optioned with the four-cylinder could achieve 24 mpg in city driving, and 33 mpg on the highway. The Selec-Trac full-time four-wheel drive system was available, as was the Command-Trac part-time system. The Chevrolet Blazer and Ford Bronco II, both competitors of the Cherokee, were only offered in two-door body styles. The Cherokee had a significant advantage in that it was offered in both two-door, and four door body styles. The highly recognizable styling featured arched wheel-wells, and bold fender flares in usual Jeep fashion along with horizontally creased front ten-slot grill. Rectangular headlamps and turn signals give the front of the Cherokee a distinctive look. Thin window pillars and an expansive glass area provided ample visibility. The new Cherokee was very well received and won awards from Four Wheeler, Off-Road, and 4 Wheel & Off Road magazines. 1985 brought an optional 2.1 liter diesel four-cylinder designed by Renault and the option of two-wheel drive. By 1987, a fuel-injected 4.0 liter inline-six became available in the Cherokee. Based off of AMC's 258 cubic inch inline-six, the 4.0 liter featured a larger bore but a smaller stroke and was able to achieve power figures of 177 horsepower and 220 pounds-feet of torque. This allowed the Cherokee to have best in class acceleration. Known for their rugged construction, it is not uncommon for Jeeps with this engine to surpass 200,000 miles. In 1988, the Cherokee received the now-familiar seven-slot grill instead of the previous ten-slot unit. In 1990, a high-output version of the 4.0 debuted. Due to the new Bendix fuel-injection system, the engine now produced 190 horsepower. Few major changes were made to the Cherokee from 1991 to 1997 aside from the addition of fuel injection on the 2.5 liter in 1991, the addition of a drivers-side airbag in 1995, and an upgraded 4.0 liter inline-six tuned for better NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) in 1996. In 1997, the antiquated Cherokee received significant updates. A new, rounder front fascia, tail lights, body-side cladding, bumpers, and a stamped steel tailgate bought the Cherokee a few more years of production. The use of sound deadening materials was increased and most of the interior was redesigned for increased comfort and ergonomics. A new center stack positioned the radio and HVAC controls well within the drivers reach and a passenger side airbag was also added. The inline-six was updated for cleaner emissions in 1999, and in 2000, the base SE trim, and the four-cylinder were dropped. By 2001, the XJ Cherokee was discontinued, however production in China remained until 2005.
2002-2007 Jeep Liberty/Cherokee (KJ)
Replacing the XJ Cherokee was a much different vehicle, however it still occupied the growing compact SUV segment. The KJ series Jeeps were released in 2001 as 2002 models and were known as the Liberty in North America, and the Cherokee overseas. They featured striking styling due to their rounded, tall profile, round headlamps and tail lights, and spare tire located on the tailgate. Large, rounded fender flares and the extensive use of black plastic on Sport models made the KJ seem wide and athletic while running boards, and body colored plastics made the Limited Edition appear more upscale. Underneath, the KJ retained unibody construction, however it used an independent front suspension unlike its predecessors. The new suspension design made it not only more difficult, but more expensive to install modifications, however eight inches of suspension travel allowed for respectable off-road capability. A coil sprung, muliti-link suspension and solid axle were employed in the rear. Stabilizer bars in the front and rear and rack and pinion steering improved handling. Under the hood, a new 3.7 liter V6 was utilized, replacing the venerable inline-six. The 3.7 liter engine produced 210 horsepower and 235 pounds-feet of torque and featured a cast-iron block, two valves-per-cylinder, chain driven cam shafts, aluminum pistons, and a single balance shaft. Liberties could also be optioned with a 150 horsepower 2.4 liter four-cylinder also found in the Chrysler PT Cruiser and Dodge Neon. Overseas, Jeep Cherokees came with a direct-injected 2.5 liter turbocharged diesel, or the 3.7 liter V6. The KJ was available with a five speed manual, or four-speed automatic, and the Selec-Trac or Command-Trac four-wheel drive systems. The interior of the KJ reflected the rounded appearance of the exterior. The instrument cluster was housed in an elliptical pod instead of the rectangular shroud found in the XJ Cherokees, and new circular air vents were used. Even the radio, and HVAC controls had rounded corners. The KJ was initially only available in two trim levels, the more luxurious Limited, and the more budget friendly Sport. Midway through the 2002 model year, the Renegade model was introduced and featured exposed bolts on the fender flares, roof mounted fog lamps along with conventional fog lamps, unique rims, and running boards. By 2005, the KJ received minor updates. The rounded hood and headlights remained, however the redesigned front bumper was devoid of turn signals as they had been moved to the front fenders. Renegade models received a unique grill and hood. A six-speed manual replaced the five-speed unit. Liberties sold in North America gained the option of a 2.8 liter four-cylinder common rail diesel producing 160 horsepower and 295 pounds-feet of torque. This engine improved fuel economy greatly as the Liberties equipped with this engine could achieve 21 mpg in the city and 33 mpg on the highway. This engine was no longer offered in the Liberty in 2006 due to more stringent emissions regulations. 2007 was the last year for the KJ series Jeeps.
2008-2012 Jeep Liberty/Cherokee (KK)
Replacing the KJ series Jeeps, the KK series Liberties and Cherokees were introduced in 2007 for the 2008 model year. UniFrame construction, an independent front suspension, and the coil sprung solid axle remained, albeit with updates. The 3.7 liter V6 was carried over from the previous generation however the 2.4 liter four-cylinder was no longer offered. In Cherokees, only a 2.8 liter common-rail diesel that produced 174 horsepower and 339 pound-feet of torque was offered. Both the Command-Trac and Selec-Trac II part-time and full-time four-wheel drive systems were available. The rounded look of the previous generation KJ was abandoned in favor of much more angular styling. The fender flares were more rectangular than before, and the circular headlights and hood bulges were abandoned for rectangular headlights and a much flatter hood. The tail lights no longer featured round bulges and the spare tire was removed from the tailgate which now featured a more conventional hatch design instead of the side-hinged arrangement on the KJ. A few styling cues remained from the KJ including the tall profile, and pronounced front fenders that helped give the front end of the KK and KJ a look similar to the Wrangler. An interesting option for the KK series Jeeps was the Skyslider canvas sunroof. Running from the front all the way to the back of the vehicle, the retractable canvas roof allowed for an almost convertible-like driving experience. The KK series Jeeps met with mixed reactions, with most criticism directed to its poor interior quality and packaging, poor fuel economy, and weak V6. Through its four-year production run, few changes were made other than the reintroduction of the Renegade model in 2010, and changes to trim levels and options.
"Jeep Liberty Review – Research New & Used Jeep Liberty Models | Edmunds."Edmunds. Edmunds.com, n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. <http://www.edmunds.com/jeep/liberty/>.
"The 2008-2012 Jeep Liberty." 2008. Allpar.com, n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. <http://www.allpar.com/trucks/jeep/liberty-2008.html>.
"Jeep Cherokee 2.8 CRD Limited UK (2008) CAR Review." CAR Magazine Site. Car Magazine, n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. <http://www.carmagazine.co.uk/Drives/Search-Results/First-drives/Jeep-Cherokee-28-CRD-Limited-UK-CAR-review/>.
"2008 Jeep Liberty Pictures." 2008 Jeep Liberty. Car Gurus, n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. <http://www.cargurus.com/Cars/2008-Jeep-Liberty-Pictures-c8242>.
"2005-07 Jeep Liberty – Diesel and Gas – Buyers Guide." 2005 Jeep Liberty Description and Information. Allpar.com, n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. <http://www.allpar.com/model/jeep/liberty-2005.html>.
"The Jeep Liberty (2002+ Jeep Cherokee)." Jeep Liberty Description and Information. Allpar.com, n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. <http://www.allpar.com/model/jeep/liberty.html>.
"Jeep Liberty Limited." – Photos, News, Reviews, Specs, Car Listings. Go Motors, n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. <http://gomotors.net/Jeep/Jeep-Liberty-Limited.html>.
"Jeep Cherokee: Best of Breed from 1975 to 2001." Jeep Cherokee: The Best of Breed SUV, 1975-2001. Allpar.com, n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. <http://www.allpar.com/trucks/jeep/cherokee.html>.
"The Jeep Cherokee, Then and Now – Autoweek." Autoweek. Autoweek, n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. <http://www.autoweek.com/article/20130314/newyork/130319908>.
"Cherokee Trim Packages." International Full Size Jeep Association. International Full Size Jeep Association, n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. <http://www.ifsja.org/tech/misc/cheromodel.html>.
"1974 Jeep Cherokee." Boldride.com. Boldride.com, n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. <http://www.boldride.com/ride/1974/jeep-cherokee>.
"Model Compare." Compare Jeep Cherokee Models. Jeep, n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. <http://www.jeep.com/model-compare/detailed-chart/?modelYearCode=CUJ201408&variation=1>.
"Jeep – 2014 Jeep Cherokee – Gallery – Photos and Videosx." Jeep – 2014 Jeep Cherokee – Gallery – Photos and Videosx. Jeep, n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. <http://www.jeep.com/en/2014/cherokee/photos-and-videos/#filter=exterior>.
Foster, Patrick R. The Story of Jeep. 2nd ed. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1998. Print


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Guayaberas Etc. is a store in downtown Coral Gables that specializes in Cuban clothing and memorabilia. The shop is located right across from city hall. Last Friday, it was the victim of a blatant smash-and-grab robbery. On September 13, just after midnight, a man and woman smashed through the store's front door and made off with more than $9,000 in cash and merchandise, including 20 guayabera shirts. The whole caper was caught on camera.
As seen in the video, after fiddling with the doors, the robbers grab a large rock and hurl it through the glass front door, kick the rest in, and enter the store.
The man, clad in a red hoodie, goes for the cash register. He steals cash, Cuban coins, and other memorabilia on display.
Meanwhile, his female accomplice rushes in to snatch about 20 guayabera shirts.
The entire robbery took about a minute, and the couple wound up with a $9,000 haul. Anyone with information is asked to call Miami-Dade Crime Stoppers at 305-471-TIPS.
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Through bold programming and expert presentation, Modern Music Days seeks to stimulate existing audiences while attracting new crowds. The project seeks to build a network of connections between composers and musicians with other artists, thus creating an interdisciplinary approach to music. Modern Music Days is also dedicated to building a relationship between local musicians, international artists and organisations. Such networks give local artists the opportunity to move beyond the local music scene with the help of collaborations with other international acts.
Back to All Events
Earlier Event: September 13Gyftiko - Tania Sikelianou
Later Event: September 23One Study, One Summary - Radio Broadcast


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|1600 PMP mock questions
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Informatica interview questions
!!! Informatica interview questions !!!
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To perform administration tasks in the Repository Manager with the Administer Repository privilege, you must also have the default privilege Browse Repository. You can assign Browse Repository directly to a user login, or you can inherit Browse Repository from a group.
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PMP, CAPM, PMI is a registered certification mark of the Project Management Institute, Inc
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Our Capabilities
Solutions Design
Vextra Security has the technical expertise and experience when it comes to security solution design. We use engineering methodology when tranferring customer specification to an actual design.
Our certified and licensed security specialists will take full ownership of the assigned installation tasks and guide a client through all steps to the completion and hand over.
There is a need to continuously maintain the customer security hardware and software components. We offer an opportunity to consider our comprehensive support plan.
Site audits
We aim to provide a consistent product delivery right all the time. A pre-sale specialist often attends a customer location for a site survey. It allows for an accurate project scoping which removes any surprises.
Systems Integration
We are in an essence a system integrator who can propose an engineering technical solution and integrate its components with client's exiting networking and IT infrastructure. The Video Management Software integration is at the core of our business.
Project Delivery
We are experienced in full cycle project management. Our medium and large commercial projects will be project managed from the inception to finish.
How we work
1 We think proactively to serve a good cause. We engage with a customer and attentively listen to create a workable, quality security solution. All our personnel participating in installation and service activities are fully trained, accredited and licensed to operate. We take pride in our culture of perpetual learning that is one of the cornerstones of Vextra Security.
2 We professionally plan our activities and committed to the delivery time frames. The scheduling may involve the quotation, site audit, solution demo, third party security assessment, custom design, appointment, installation and user training. We'll provide an optimised and cost effective security solution, giving our clients an opportunity to prevent most, if not all, potential security threats.
3We will seamlessly deploy, configure and test the installed system. The handover to a client is not just a sign off it is a process which involves a final demonstration and user level training. We want our customers to be confident and practical in getting most out of the deployed solution. We are capable of IT procurement and integration in addition to our core security business.
4 We are very approachable and responsible business. That means we are here to help resolve faults, keep up with the software and firmware releases through scheduled upgrade and install additional hardware when required. We offer well priced service maintenance and extended 3 year warranty plans to provide continuous support every day of the year.


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This app was removed from the App Store.
First Grade and Second Grade Antonyms and Synonyms
iOS Universal Education
First Grade and Second Grade Antonyms and Synonyms is a fun educational game for children to learn antonyms and synonyms, and improve their vocabularies. The app includes four different activities - flash card, matching game, memory game and sentences. The app includes about 250 pairs of antonyms and synonyms words.
A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word. An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word. They are important for building vocabulary and enhancing reading comprehension.
Teachers and parents can also create customized content worksheets from the app. You pick the word list and create matching worksheets or sentence worksheets.
Each pair of antonyms or synonyms words has one or two images along with the sentences. All the words are clickable to sound out the words.
* Customized PDF worksheets
* Flash Cards
* Matching Game
* Memory Game
* Sentences
* Customer Settings and Configurations
Recommended for Grades: 1, 2, 3
If you have questions, problems, suggestions or complaints, please contact us: email@example.com.
Abitalk is a member of Moms with Apps, a collaborative group of family-friendly developers seeking to promote quality apps for kids and families.
Recommended Ages: 6-8
We also have free version of the app for you to try it out.
What's New
Support iOS 9
Fix the crash on iOS 9
add self created content


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I met Sam and Kristina in November. They just wanted a few engagement photos for their reception tables at their wedding. Kristina is from Connecticut so they planned to do the wedding there so their family and close friends could be apart. I did their session in my favorite place, the peach orchards, (R.I.P) and they were so much fun to work with!
I did their session, edited the photos, and sent them on their way.... I recently received a phone call from Kristina who was very upset.
She expressed to me that they got their wedding photos back and that she didn't like them at all! I felt so bad for her and tried to console her. Then, here's the real kicker, she said she wanted to print a couple for Sam to take with him when he gets deployed in July of this year to Afghanistan for A YEAR AND A HALF!!!!!
Unfortunately though, She could not make those photos work in any other size but the size of a smartphone. So I told her, lets do a photo session! So no, this was not a court house wedding. This was a couple that were in desperate need of just a few precious memories that couldn't be captured at their wedding.


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was €110 now €88
In stock - Delivery to you in 2-3 working days
A dark grey silk cushion with cool ice piping to add elegance and sophistication to any scheme. Handmade in the UK and filled with sustainably sourced duck feather and down for a perfectly plump feel. Pair with the silver, smoky tones of Anthem and Remix for added luxury and urban allure. Cushion pad included.
Available colourways:
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|55 (cm)
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|55 (cm)
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|55cm x 55cm
We offer 14 day returns. Find out more


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The Care Transitions Project, a pilot project by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services that aims to reduce unnecessary readmissions, is showing dramatic preliminary results, according to Thomson Reuters.
The article states that the project focuses on making seamless transitions for patients being discharged home or to a nursing facility, by coordination of care with all health care providers, family members, and caregivers involved in the process. The facilities involved were given suggestions on how to do this, through initiatives such as follow up phone calls, transition "coaches", and improving patient's understanding of medications that they are discharged with.
Preliminary results indicate that some hospitals have been able to reduce readmissions by 15%, while others on the bottom tier struggle to reduce readmissions. CMS indicates that the preliminary cost savings are dramatic, but not ready for release.
(Sources: The Advisory Board Daily Briefing, http://advisory.com, June 17, 2011; Thomson Reuters, http://healthcare.thomsonreuters.com, June 14, 2011; CQ HealthBeat, http://www.cq.com/, June 14 (subscription required))


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Lepidoptera The Red Underwing Moth – Catocala Nupta
The other three members of the family are very similar in appearance, the fore wings of all being marbled with shades of grey, relieved by touches of black and brown; and the hind wings, red or crimson, give the popular names to the species.
The Red Underwing flies in August and September, and is common in the southern counties of England, as well as in some of the midland counties; it may be often seen flying by day around willows.
The caterpillar is similar in form to that of Fraxini, and when at rest by day on the bark of its tree it is very difficult to detect, so closely does it apply itself to the surface, and so perfectly does it imitate the colour of its surroundings. It feeds on the crack willow (Salix fragilis), sallow (S. alba), poplar (Populus), and plum (Prunus), and is full grown in June.


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"You two are fools to change the world!
We are doing fine, no need of your vision.
It's our mess and we are okay with it.
Mind my words, you'd be committing the treason!"
Continue reading "City of Lights"
"You two are fools to change the world!
We are doing fine, no need of your vision.
It's our mess and we are okay with it.
Mind my words, you'd be committing the treason!"
Continue reading "City of Lights"
Sitting in a 2×2 box, he looked out the window,
in a quiet night, raises a voice deep inside his mind,
Long gone are those cards handcrafted by you,
From the attic, in the box earlier when he mined.
"Look at all those stars! Can you spot three stars in alignment, I wonder if they are a part of any constellation", she said out loud to her roommate.
"Don't know. But they indeed are spectacular. Let's go, you need to pack."
"Yeah, my family will be here in two hours. It's been two years of being your roommate, being here, where this time had been?", she smiled. Continue reading "Home. Away from Home."
Dear 25 me, you are restless, I understand.
You are clueless and worried sick about your future.
You're wondering what's going to happen next? Continue reading "A Note to 25-Me"
I have been tossing and turning in the night
Thinking of what I could have said than what I did say
What said was because of this and that, with myself I bet
I sighed, looking at the clock, calculating how much sleep I can get.
I could see the colors fading into grey,
Clearing my vision, blinking the lashes for few more times,
I could still see the grey, VIBGYOR out of the sight,
Salt and water in the eyes gives away the crimes.
Friendship and Circle, both have no end.
The post is a sequel to Thoughts.
The wet eyes kept on watching the sand and seeing it slipping by,
Smoothly being mixed with its kind when her emotions had been in turmoil,
The perfect picture was thrown off the wall,
From the memory there was no way to make it recoil.
She read innumerable versions..
Versions where girl was described as the dream girl..
For once she thought why it's not the other way round?
Why not to compare a guy with the glowing pearl.. Continue reading "The Other Side"


text: Allstate Insurance: Ajax Agency Visiter la page de l'agenceAdresse :15 Westney rue N local 18D Ajax, ON L1T 1P5 CATéléphone :Téléphone principal289-460-4293289-460-4293Courriel :firstname.lastname@example.com :15 Westney rue N local 18D Ajax, ON L1T 1P5 CALangues parlées :Anglais, Tamoul, Philippin (Tagalog)Being a good neighbor is about more than just being there when things go completely wrong. It's also about being there for all of life's moments when things go perfectly right. We at the Allstate agency in Ajax have a passion for serving customers a...Téléphone :Courriel :Site Web