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Actor Sean Penn arrives at the 5th Annual Sean Penn & Friends HELP HAITI HOME Gala benefiting J/P Haitian Relief Organization at Montage Hotel on January 9, 2016 in Beverly Hills, California. (Photo : Matt Winkelmeyer/Getty Images)
"The day I don't exist, it's [the desire for drugs] not going to decrease in any way at all," the famous Mexican druglord told Penn.
On Friday, Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman was arrested at the town of Los Mochis in Sinaloa. Mexico's attorney general said that the Mexican government has planned to extradite El Chapo to the United States on drug charges, according to NBC News.
However, that's just half of the El Chapo story making headlines at the moment. Apparently, Sean Penn conducted an interview with El Chapo for Rolling Stone months before the drug kingpin was arrested.
Sean Penn's El Chapo get is absolutely huge. But god damn it could have used an editor...& more focus on the subject rather than the author.
— Dylan Byers (@DylanByers) January 10, 2016
El Chapo speaks: Sean Penn recounts his secret visit with the most wanted man in the world https://t.co/F4x6x8ANBd pic.twitter.com/8wDb2I6Xkt — Rolling Stone (@RollingStone) January 10, 2016
While it's strange that the magazine asked Penn to conduct the interview, what's more surreal is the fact that Penn wrote the article himself and what he wrote was very unorthodox.
Rolling Stone published the secret interview with Penn on Saturday.
In October 2015, Penn first met with El Chapo, at a time when Mexican authorities in Mexico were searching for the druglord following his July escape.
According to Penn, the two-day interview took place a day after the meeting. Due to security concerns, El Chapo sent his answers to Penn's questions weeks after via video. He reportedly sent the video to Mexican film and television star Kate del Castillo, who had been planning on creating a film about his life.
What did El Chapo tell Penn?
Via Mashable, what you are about to read are the actual words from Sean Penn in his El Chapo interview article.
The magazine said that names had to be changed and locations had to be kept hidden for the interview. In addition, El Chapo had to approve the contents of the article before publication, and that he "did not ask for any changes."
"Espinoza is the owl who flies among falcons," according to Penn.
The 55-year-old actor claimed that he met with Guzman together with del Castillo in a jungle clearing on October 2 after being taken to an airfield by El Chapo's 29-year-old son.
Penn said he saw around 30 to 35 guards. Later, he learned that 100 more soldiers were in the vicinity during the meetup.
Penn said he and del Castillo were provided with tacos and tequila.
"Everything I say to everyone must be true. As true as it is compartmentalized. The trust that El Chapo had extended to us was not to be fucked with," Penn claimed.
Anyway, here's what El Chapo told Penn.
"I supply more heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine and marijuana than anybody else in the world. I have a fleet of submarines, airplanes, trucks and boats," Guzman said.
"The only way to have money to buy food, to survive, is to grow poppy, marijuana, and at that age, I began to grow it, to cultivate it and to sell it. That is what I can tell you," he added.
At one point, Donald Trump was brought up, and to that Guzman sarcastically said, "Ah! Mi amigo!"
Speaking of politicians, when Penn asked El Chapo about his relationship with the government, the drug kingpin said, "Talking about politicians, I keep my opinion to myself. They go do their thing and I do mine."
El Chapo also admitted that "drugs destroy" humanity, but that he doesn't think he's responsible for the world's addiction to drugs.
The contents of the article have not been verified, NBC News said.
Indeed, it's quite hard to imagine Sean Penn writing such an article with vivid descriptions like "I look to the sky and wonder how funny it would be if there were a weaponized drone above us" while he and his team were drinking tequila, and "I make a plan to hide myself in the trunk of a friend's car and be driven to a waiting rental vehicle."
On Sunday, it wasn't immediately clear whether Penn and del Castillo's meeting El Chapo helped or delayed the authorities in recapturing him, but according to the Associated Press, the interview helped lead authorities to his exact location.
Meanwhile, Penn's reps have said that the actor is unavailable for comment.
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Monday, May 11, 2015
Voila! Here is THE Solution to Pension Problems
Pensions should, by all logic and humanity, wind up
on the dustbin of history, in the tatters and ashes
they already are right now...
Are they working? Do states and counties across
the U.S. fully fund them? Check with Illinois,
Indiana and New Jersey to understand me; two
of these states fund ~45% of the contractually,
legally mandated amounts. Some of these pensions
are partially paid for out of the workers' pockets,
so there is a greater moral aspect (reread: cheating,
lying, etc.) to the various states' bureaucratic,
budgetary bunglings.
If pensions didn't exist, state budgets would be more
in the black than residing in the red; retirees would
not rely on them for future income; people would have
a more realistic, accurate awareness of just what
their situations are so as to better plan, accordingly,
spending less as the decades pass, saving more.
Since economic dislocations have always occurred
(called "contractions" by economists), how can contracts
like these even make money or logic sense? Unions,
politicians, attorneys, accountants and judges better snap
to attention here: chaos is coming, if it hasn't already
arrived. This situation is, has been, impossible for a
very long time; apparently, negotiators get caught up in
minutiae (political power plays, rivalries, ego, etc.) at the
expense of fundamental realities, so such contracts,
completely untenable, are written--and taken seriously!
Individual investments and savings, along with a revitalized
social security system, make more sense than over-generous
pension benefits predicated on an economic future which may/
may not ever exist, burdening the tax payers twice, through
government-funded pensions and social security.
My solution:
Make the greatest, most just payout amounts
now for those with pensions; then pass a
federal fiduciary act abjuring the entire U.S.
pension system from that point forward.
Stop the insanity; understand historical,
current financial reality, explain this carefully
to our people--THEN ACT.
5 comments:
Here here Amber!! I will add a mini solution of my own.ReplyDelete
Allow Crooked ILL INOIS politicians out of prison early. Better yet NEVER PUT THEM IN PRISON in the first place. Let them do reality shows, movies, etc, While on extended house arrest. Take up to ONE HALF of what they earn and return it to Illinois and the people.Replies
Not bad, Lester, not bad at all...Delete
Great article! Beautiful written and informative post. Thanks....ReplyDelete
Thanks Amber. Blogo could be out here now on Oprah, on reality shows, etc, Making money for Illinois. Instead he is in the BIG HOUSE tax payers paying for him THEY may have a suite there all the crooks POLITICIAN types been going there all these decades.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousMay 26, 2015 at 11:48 AM
If pensions did not exist, budgets would be in the black? And, if education was free. Tautology, but it says nothing about the underlying subject of whether pensions ought to exist. IRA-401-K plus Social Security? The reality is that people, left to their own devices, are generally not saving and are generally not good investors on their own. Punch up Social Security? How, exactly? Since its inception, current workers have funded recipients. How would you fix things as that ratio becomes more and more unfavorable? The same basic financial principles that underpin Social Security and investing underpin any savings-and-investment program. Citizens and politicians who ignore history (and math) are doomed to repeat it (and not have a clue when they are being taken). Illinois is a market crash like any other. Like the recent housing crash, everyone with an ounce of sense knew that was coming. Though the impact was more unpredictable. In this case, instead of taxpayers bailing out the banks, we're going to bail out our state-city-county pensioned neighbors who also knew this was coming, but were comfortable in the fact they were safe from harm. Not so people with private pensions. If you live long enough, life doles out expensive lessons on a fairly regular basis.ReplyDelete

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Money, Financial Instability and Stabilization Policy
Edited by L. Randall Wray
Chapter 3: System Dynamics of Interest Rate Effects on Aggregate Demand
Linwood Tauheed and L. Randall Wray
Linwood Tauheed and L. Randall Wray Introduction 'Perverse' Interest Rate Effects on Aggregate Demand? Heterodox economics has always been sceptical of the Fed's ability to 'finetune' the economy, in spite of the long-running Monetarist claims about the efficacy of monetary policy (even if orthodox wisdom is used to disdain discretion). The canonization of Chairman Greenspan over the past decade and a half has eliminated most orthodox squeamishness about a discretionary Fed, while currently fashionable theory based on the 'new monetary consensus' has pushed monetary policy front and centre. As Galbraith argues, lack of empirical support for such beliefs has not dampened enthusiasm. Like Galbraith, the followers of Keynes have always insisted that 'Business firms borrow when they can make money and not because interest rates are low' (Galbraith, 2004, p. 45). Even orthodox estimates of the interest rate elasticity of investment are so low that the typical rate adjustments used by the Fed cannot have much effect. Conventional belief can still point to interest rate effects on consumption, with two main channels. Consumer durables consumption, and increasingly even consumption of services and non-durables, rely on credit and, thus, might be interest-sensitive. Second, falling mortgage rates lead to refinancing, freeing disposable income for additional consumption. Ultimately, however, whether falling interest rates might stimulate consumption must depend on different marginal propensities to consume (MPCs) between creditors and debtors. In reality, many consumers are simultaneously debtors and creditors, making analysis difficult because a reduction of rates lowers both debt payments and interest income....
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I've told you multiple times that the derivative of a curve at a point is the slope of the tangent line, but our friend sent me a problem where it actually wants you to find the equation of the tangent line.
And I realize, i've never actually done that. So it's worthwhile. So let's do that. So it says, find the equation of the tangent line to the function f of x is equal to x e to the x at x is equal to 1.
So let's just get an intuition of what we're even looking for. So this function is going to look something like, I actually graphed it, because it's not a trivial function to graph. So this is x e to the x, this is what it looks like.
I'm just using a graphing calculator, and you can see, I just typed it in. And what this is asking us, is ok. At the point, x is equal to 1. So this is the point x is equal to one.
So f of x is going to be someplace up here, and actually, f of x is going to be equal to e, right? Because f of 1 is equal to what? 1 times e to the 1.
So it equals e. So we're saying at the point, at the point 1 comma e, so at the point 1 comma 2.71, whatever, whatever. So that's what point? That's this point.
So it's right here. 2 point, this is e right here, the point 1 comma e. So we want to do is figure out the equation of the line tangent to this point.
So what we're going to do, is we're going to solve it by figuring out its slope, which is just the derivative at that point. So we have to figure out the derivative at exactly this point.
And then we use what we learned from algebra 1 to figure out its equation, and we'll graph it here, just to confirm that we actually figured out the equation of the tangent line.
So the first thing we want to know is the slope of the tangent line, and that's just the derivative at this point. When x is equal to 1, or at the point 1 comma e.
So what's the derivative of this? So f prime of x. F prime of x is equal to, well, this looks like a job for the product rule. Because we know how to figure out the derivative of x, we know how to figure out the derivative of e to the x, and they're just multiplying by each other.
So the product rules help us. The derivative of this thing is going to be equal to the derivative of the first expression of the first function. So the derivative of x is just 1, times the second function, times e to the x, plus the first function, x, times the derivative of the second function.
So what's the derivative of e to the x? And that's what I find so amazing about the number e, or the function e to the x, is that the derivative of e to the x is e to the x.
The slope at any point of this curve is equal to the value of the function. So this is the derivative. So what is the derivative of this function at the point x is equal to 1, or at the point 1 comma e? So we just evaluate it.
We say f prime of 1 is equal to 1 time e to the 1 plus 1 times e to the 1, well, that's just equal e plus e. And that's just equal to 2 e. And you know, we could figure out what that number, e is just a constant number, but we write e because it's easier to write e than 2.7 et cetera, and an infinite number of digits, so we just write 2e.
So this is the slope of the equation, or this is the slope of the curve when x is equal to one, or at the point 1e, or 1 f of 1. So what is the equation of the tangent line? So let's go ahead and take this form, the equation's going to be y is equal to, i'm just writing it in the, you know, not the point slope, the mx plus b form that you learned in algebra.
So the slope is going to be 2e. We just learned that here. That's the derivative when x is equal to 1. So 2e times x plus the y-intercept. So if we can figure out the y-intercept of this line, we are done.
We have figured out the equation of the tangent line. So how do we do that? Well, if we knew a y or an x where this equation goes through, we could then solve for b.
And we know a y and x that satisfies this equation. The point 1 comma e. The point where we're trying to find the tangent line, right? So this point, 1 comma e, this is where we want to find the tangent line.
And by definition, the tangent line is going to go through that point. So let's substitute those points back in here, or this point back into this equation, and then solve for b. So y is equal to e, is equal to 2 e, that's just the slope at that point, times x, times 1, plus b.
It might confuse you, because e, you'll say, oh, e, is that a variable? No, it's a number, remember, it's like pi. It's a number. You can substitute 2.7 whatever there, but we're not doing that, because this is cleaner.
And let's solve. So you get e is equal to 2e plus b. Let's subtract 2e from both sides. You get b is equal to e minus 2e.
B is equal to minus e. Now we're done. What's the equation of the tangent line? It is y is equal to 2 times e x plus b.
But b is minus e, so it's minus e. So this is the equation of the tangent line. If you don't like these e's there, you could replace that with the number 2.7 et cetera, and this would become 5 point something, and this would just be minus 2.7 something.
But this looks neater. And let's confirm. Let's use this little graphing calculator to confirm that that really is the equation of the tangent line. So let me type it in here.
So it's 2, 2 times e times x, right, that's 2ex minus e. And let us graph this line. There we go. It graphed it. And notice that that line, that green line, I don't know if you can, maybe I need to make this bigger for it to show up, bolder.
I don't know if that helps. But if you look here, so this red, this is our original equation, x e to the x, that's this curve.
We want to know equation of the tangent line at x is equal to 1. So it's the point x is equal to 1. And when x is equal to 1, f of x is e, right, you can just substitute back into the original equation to get that.
So this is the point, 1 comma e. So the equation of the tangent line, its slope is going to be the derivative at this point.
So we solved the derivative of this function, and evaluated it at x is equal to 1. That's what we did here.
We figured out the derivative, evaluated x equals 1. And so we said, ok, the slope. The slope at when x is equal to 1 and y is equal to e, the slope at that point is equal to 2e.
And we figured that out from the derivative. And then we just used our algebra 1 skills to figure out the equation of that line.
And how did we do that? We knew the slope, because that's just the derivative at that point. And then we just have to solve for the y-intercept.
And the way we did that is we said, well, the point 1 comma e is on this green line as well. So we substituted that in, and solve for our y-intercept, which we got as minus e, and notice that this line intersects the y-axis at minus e, that's about minus 2.7 something.
And there we have it. We have shown that, and visually, it shows that this is the tangent line. Anyway, hope you found that vaguely useful. If you did, you should thank for being unusually persistent, and having me do this problem.
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text:
If you have no time to do your own research on the best golf iron, we can supply the information you need. In just a few lines, we can provide you the necessary facts for a suitable selection. The data we've gathered comes from expert review sites and customer feedback and it shows that the Pinemeadow Men's GPX Golf Set is definitely right for you. The set includes what all golfers use frequently, a driver built for both accuracy and distance, 3 wood as well as a 4 hybrid and 5PW iron. With oversized sole irons for launch and spin, the clubs can offer enhanced forgiveness and their great centered strikes. If you can't get your hands on the Pinemeadow Men's GPX Golf Set, then maybe it would be a good idea to purchase the Pinemeadow Wedge, as that is the second option we had in mind.
Comparison Table
Our Top Choice
The PGX golf set features a 460cc driver built for accuracy and distance. This means all your shots will be more accurately and the maximum distance achieved will be 10 - 15 yards larger. The product consists of three different items - Driver, Wood, and Hybrid, all coming with their own white headcovers.
Some owners were not pleased with the quality of the items received, claiming the 9 iron snapped after only a couple of swings. Other customers had problems with the 3 Wood being flimsy.
If you are looking for a new golf set, you definitely need to keep an eye on this item. The set comes at an affordable price and offers high quality items.
2nd Best
This item comes in various angles, from the classic 52 degrees to 60 degrees, 68 degrees, and more. You can also choose between four different styles, depending on the type of player you are - left-handed, right-handed, or these two versions optimized for female players.
Be careful what you order as you may receive the wrong package, not intended for your playing hand. Some owners have complained about the clubs weighing too much.
The product comes at a very affordable price and makes for one of the best options if you are new in the field. You can choose between different styles and angles.
This is a superb club set suitable for all professional and semi-professional players. You can get to choose between two shaft materials - steel or graphite, as well as from different types of flexes - from regular to senior or stiff. With this set of clubs you will exercise your long distance shots.
Since we are talking about a professional set of golf clubs, the price is definitely a high one. We suggest to invest in this set if you are a professional or semi-professional player who can appreciate the craftiness of these clubs.
The M2 set provides you the right tools to become a semi-professional golf player and improve most of your shots. Consider it if you haven't decided just yet
Buying Guide
Golf enthusiasts take great care when they are choosing a golf iron. These clubs can greatly impact the way you play the game, and if you choose the wrong club, you will see the difference almost instantly.
If you are looking to find a new club or set, we cannot tell you who makes the best golf irons, but we can offer you some information that may help you with your decision making process.
The most reliable irons are usually available in two designs: cast model or forged model. Irons that are cast are usually made with 431 stainless steel or 17-4 stainless steel. The 431 stainless models are popular with customized clubs because the steel has no memory, which allows it to be easier to bend and adjust to create the perfectly customized club.
Forged clubs are usually created from carbon steel billets and they are formed into shape by being tightly compressed. The forged clubs are usually preferred by experienced golfers because they have a softer feel and are easier to adjust to meet custom specifications.
One of the main aspects of choosing a good iron is choosing a club that can grant you a high launch angle trajectory. When you choose a club that can give you a high angle trajectory, it should have a low center of gravity and has more offset that will create the desired angle and more spin. Golfers with high clubhead speeds usually benefit the most from low to mid trajectory irons. When the center of gravity is raised in the design, the trajectory will be lower.
When you've settled on the kind of trajectory that will benefit your game the most, you will want to focus on the forgiveness. By choosing an iron with a maximum forgiveness rating, you are also incorporating a high moment of inertia. If you choose a club with low forgiveness, the head of the club will have a low moment of inertia. This type of measurement will dictate the iron's resistance to twisting. When the ball is hit by the center of the club, it will not twist.
Golfing can be a wonderful way to relax, but it also a competitive sport. By choosing the right clubs for your playing style, you should be able to see an improvement in your game. If you are just starting to get into the sport, we recommend that you go to someone who is knowledgeable about golf to help you pick out your perfect set of clubs.
Products for specific needs
Best Golf Iron for Seniors
Adams Tight Lies Plus 1312
Older golfers may want to choose a set of golf clubs that have the ability to improve their game. The Adams Tight Lies Plus club set provides players of all types the ability to improve their accuracy, distance, and have more forgiveness. The set includes a 11-degree 460cc driver, stainless steel 3 and 7 woods (18 and 20 degrees), 5 Idea hybrid (26 degrees), 6-PW cavity back irons, a blade putter, and a Tom Watson Signature SW. Also included in this set, you are receiving a carry bag that doubles as a cart. This set is considered to be one of the best golf irons for seniors because it has everything you need to improve your game.
Click to see the price on Amazon!
Best Golf Iron for High Handicappers
Cleveland Golf HB3
For those who have a high handicap, the clubs offered by Cleveland are considered to be some of the best golf irons for high handicappers. These clubs offer 28% larger hitting area, which is ideal for providing you with extra forgiveness. The advanced sole design reduces drag and will improve tuft interaction while the width of the progressive sole helps to increase shot consistency, forgiveness and control. The advanced internal weighting provides you with 12% deeper center of gravity than other models. This change in the center of gravity improves the launching angle, giving you a more precise shot.
Click to see the price on Amazon!
Best Golf Iron for Mid-Handicappers
Men's Titleist AP1 714
If you ask someone what they think the best golf irons for mid-handicappers are, many people may say the Titleist 714 AP1 irons are their clubs of choice. The longer clubs are incredibly forgiving and the shorter irons offer you supreme control. Mid-handicappers who use these clubs will see an improvement in their distance and how consistently they hit the ball. The club features a low center of gravity, thanks to the undercut underneath the top line. The soles have been narrowed on the short irons, making the faces thicker to raise the center of gravity. The new irons received an overhaul from previous irons and many say they feel much better.
Click to see the price on Amazon!
Top rated golf irons in 2019
A sport that is relaxing but requires great concentration at the same tine is golf. If you are a beginner or a golf enthusiast you need to have in your golfing bag the best clubs you can afford cause these can give you the edge in crucial moments of the game. Irons which are used for medium range shots and for teeing are an important part of your golf set. Here are some suggestions on the best irons you can have in your golfing bag.
Pinemeadow Men's PGX
If you have started to like golf and are playing on a regular basis, then you need to invest in an iron set. Based on the excellent feedback this set has got from extremely satisfied customers, we recommend getting the Pinemeadow Men's PGX golf set-driver. With these irons which have an oversized sole. you will be able to hit longer shots and with more spin as well.
The set consists of a 460cc driver, 3 woods and a hybrid. The affordable price makes it a favorite for novice golfers. Some of them even think the set has one of the best irons in 2019.
This is one of the most affordable golf sets on the market which somehow manages to cost less than a professional driver but at the same time, offer amazing results.
The 460cc driver offers a large sweet spot to increase the distance of your shots.
The special design is no different from that used by professional golfers.
They are durable and very well balanced, guaranteeing a visible improvement to your game in a matter of weeks.
If you are used to playing with more expensive golf sets, these golf clubs may lack the feel you were used to.
They are only destined for beginner golfers and will not satisfy the needs of professionals.
"I searched on specialized reviewing sites, what are the best golf irons in 2019, and the Pinemeadow PGX drive set was always mentioned in the top 10. My game has certainly improve after buying them and I would recommend them to people with limited experience." – Ruben Hernandez
Buy from Amazon.com for ($176.49)
TaylorMade M2
With a thin top line and 180-degree fluted hosel, these new irons managed to lower the CG by about 7%. It may not seem impressive, but you can see the results. Another improvement is the face slot technology first developed on the M1 set.
It gives the club more forgiveness and ends up improving your game. The irons have a smaller overall head and a shorter blade length, which gives them a more compact appearance. In order to increase the speed of the ball and lower the CG, the manufacturers introduced new materials, including high-density Tungsten.
One of the best things about the set is that it has excellent accuracy, coupled with great forgiveness. It can get the best out of hits you once considered lost.
The clubs are made for fast and high shots with much less effort than you'd expect. If you need something to curl the draws, this is what you should go for.
It has good distance control, resulting in balls that descend steeply to a designated space.
The clubs have a bit of a bluntness at impact, which makes it less stylish when playing.
The mid and long irons have less spin and reduce stopping power.
Click to see the price on Amazon!
Callaway Men's XR
Built as an iron designed for speed, the Callaway Men's XR benefits from the redefinition of speed used in the Cup 360 in fairway woods. With the Cup 360 technology plus the various other novel changes made to the overall construction, this golf iron is geared for game improvement so you can be a great team player on every spot on the golf course.
Engineered for speed, the XR takes inspiration from the Cup 360, which dramatically improves its face cup technology to act like a spring on shots anywhere on the club's surface, with awesomely greater ball speeds no matter what the impact location. With the kind of refinement and attention the iron has gotten on the drawing board, it is more capable of delivering the velocity you need to prove you're a reliable team player, again and again.
The iron boasts a two-piece construction complemented with a dual heat treatment, ensuring a precise and performance-driven craftsmanship that an XR golf club is made with. Equipped with the Internal Standing Wave technology, the club benefits from a lower center of gravity along with a higher moment of inertia to give the face cup awesome flex to deliver higher speed for the ball to cover greater distance.
At least one user has commented that the finish of the golf iron needs improvement in the way of durability. The unit doesn't have a satin finish that should enable it to retain its appearance even after a number of rounds. However, the important thing is the consistent performance you can expect from this golf iron, which it delivers every time.
Click to see the price on Amazon!
TaylorMade Men's RSi1
Made to combine innovation with authenticity, the TaylorMade Men's RSi1 delivers reliable distance all across the face, making it suitable for beginners who want a taste of pride on the course. Even novice players can expect improved performance on mishits with the kind of technology that this individual iron carries.
Featuring the Face Slot Technology, the TaylorMade Men's RSi1 boasts the Speed Pocket system on the iron face, which delivers uniform flexion thanks to the activation of the toe and heel areas. The revolutionary face technology ensures that the ball speed is protected even on off-center hits.
This golf iron has slots cut all the way through the face, where they are positioned at the toe and heel just outside the score lines and filled with a premium quality epoxy compound. Those slots enable easy flexion while ensuring good ball speed, which contributes to more consistent distance across the face plus increased launch angle easy shots no matter what. The innovative construction and multiple dampening systems delivers improved feel and sound.
This model could benefit from a higher launching angle, which many handicappers really look for in their golf iron. The lower wow factor is offset by the competitive distance delivery though, so this golf iron should be able to deliver a fantastic level of performance for those seeking to improve their game when needed.
Click to see the price on Amazon!
Men's Nike VR-S X
Golfers will be pleased to know that Nike has released a new golf iron, the VR-S X. This new and improved model will enhance the distance and accuracy you get on your shots. The innovative speed-expanding multi face thickness design guarantees a top ball speed, making you hit longer shots than you've ever hit before. The well-balanced and sturdy stainless-steel design will make this iron durable too, proving to be a long term investment. All these features and more lead us to believe it's one of the best golf irons in 2019.
There will be no need to ask yourself where to buy cheap golf irons anymore after you take a look at the VR-S X mostly because of their near perfect rating given by satisfied customers.
These irons will undoubtedly increase your efficiency on any golf course mostly because of their ability to increase ball speeds through its NexCOR variable face thickness.
You will face less resistance than before when it comes to more powerful hits and you will also feel the accuracy increasing due to the new face construction which increases the COR zone found in the middle of the face.
Could have been a bit lighter and probably more precise for this particular price tag.
The price to performance ratio is not as satisfying as you might expect.
Click to see the price on Amazon!
TaylorMade RocketBallz
Do you have your mind set on getting a new golf iron set, to help you improve your game? After reading expert reviews we have come to the conclusion that the TaylorMade RocketBallz is more than just satisfactory solution. The accuracy of these irons has been largely improved by the innovative face structure, which has a Toe-Bar in the upper-toe area. Also, this new design will enhance the sound of you hitting the ball, putting more feeling into the game. The set's wedges are fitted with a new ATV sole, increasing their precision for different kinds of shots.
It reduces vibration thus helping you with your shots and also helping with the way you feel after long training sessions.
These irons are designed to help you increase the speed of your shots but also the accuracy which is even more important.
By using the Toe-Bar controls which represent TaylorMade's newest technology, these irons make your shots a lot straighter.
The feel of these irons is excellent especially during impact. You will enjoy a great sound as well which adds to the beauty of the game.
This is not a set built for everyone. It is perfect for some but might be less efficient for others.
It is a bit expensive when compared to other models.
"I paid more for this iron, but it was definitely worth it. After just a few shots, I understood why it's considered one of the highest rated models. Because my shot accuracy was largely increased, I am positive this is the best golf iron for the money I paid for it." – Leroy J. Snow
Click to see the price on Amazon!
Callaway Men's RAZR X NG
This iron set from Callaway will provide you with the distance you want on your shots without sacrificing accuracy. What sets the set's irons apart from other models is the RAZR technology which brings the CG lower. This simple yet efficient innovation will have immediate effects on your shot making abilities. The faces are thinner than what you see on other models and this is what ensures an improved ball flight because the ball speed is maximized. We recommend that you get the best deals for this set from Amazon.com.
It incorporates patented Callaway technology which is destined to help you make better shots. By lowering the center of gravity through the RAZR technology, you will add distance and accuracy to each and every shot.
Ball speed will be increased due to the thin iron face which is designed to redistribute weight and prolong the time spent by the ball in the air.
The Hybrids are some of the most reliable golf clubs out there, managing to project confidence onto those who are just beginning to learn about golf.
You could get a full set of golf clubs for the money spent on these irons.
They could have been a bit more durable.
"I was lucky enough get this golf iron for a Black Friday deal because otherwise I wouldn't be able to afford it. Now I hit more powerful and longer shots than ever, convincing me it's one of the best rated iron in 2019." – William Benoit
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Callaway X Hot
Are you looking for ways to improve your game? One possible solution is to invest in one of the top golf irons in 2019. We don't just recommend one golf iron, we go one step further and advise the purchase of Callaway X Hot Iron Set. The sweet spot for each of its pieces is larger than usual, thanks to the VTF and Hyperbolic Face Technology. You can choose what type of shaft you prefer, the heavier but more durable steel option or the lighter graphite one. Your shot precision will also get better because the irons have the innovative Speed Frame Face Technology.
If you are planning on upping your game it is time to stop asking yourself where to buy cheap golf irons and it is time to invest more in products like the X Hot iron set which is designed with the latest materials and technology available.
This set offers the benefit of having an increased sweet spot that provides higher speeds and longer shots which is exactly what you need to win tournaments.
All irons are lightweight and are excellently balanced so as not to mess with your accuracy.
Made out of top end materials, these irons are some of the most durable golf clubs on the market.
The 6 iron is not as well built as the others considering it might not improve the distance of your shots.
Price might be too high for some people.
"I was talking about this golf iron before Xmas and luckily my wife got the subtlety an got it for me as a gift. It's all I thought it would be and I could immediately see an increase in distance for my long drives." – Waldo A. Alfaro
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TaylorMade RocketBallz
ThylorMade RocketBallz Driver has all the necessary features to be one of the top golf irons in 2019. The shape is made to be aerodynamic so it gains more speed and hits the ball with more power thus giving it greater distance. Accuracy is another thing your shots will gain and after I started using this iron, my tee shots started to improve little by little every time I played.
Features the exclusive Driver Flight Control technology which gives players amazing flexibility during games by letting them adjust loft and also face angle for proper ball control
Comes with a lightweight but durable shaft which permits players to enjoy faster swing speed and in the process more force
The driver comes with a unique Speed-enhancing aerodynamic head that offers golfers the chance to cover a lot of ground with each shot made
Due to the slight draw bias and Inverted Cone clubface tech this driver changes the way golfers swing during long shots
The loft effect of the driver takes a while to get used to, but after the third swing familiarity kicks in
The drivers head design is nothing special but completes players that love the game
"TaylorMade RocketBallz Driver was bought by me after a friend recommended it. I was right to take his advice, because I manage to his some long and accurate drives with it. It also has helped me constantly improve my shot distance." Danielle Taft
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TaylorMade Burner Plus
One of the top golf irons in 2019 is according to specialists the TaylorMade Burner Plus. It is mostly made out of quality steel, making it well balanced and rust resistant as well. I consider that the best thing about it is the fact that the design is very well made so even if you make a mistake and do an off centre hit the iron will send the ball in the intended direction. With it you will feel and play like a pro, living your rivals far behind.
For those that are trying to figure out where to buy cheap golf irons the Burner Plus iron represents the first stop on the road towards golfing performance
Incorporating Inverted Cone technology the golf irons offers users better swinging force and implicitly proper accuracy
Great for beginners and mediocre players this lightweight golfing instrument feel real nice during each swing and deliver heightened force during each shot made
This golf iron enable golfers to go the extra distance and cover more yards than usual, adding something new to each game
Does not include protective head cover but this accessory can be purchased separately if needed
For tall players this golf iron can be challenging to use but with proper swinging things go all the way
"Whenever I play golf with my friends, I always use TaylorMade Burner Plus Iron for my long drives. I feel very comfortable hitting those long shots with it and most often I succeed in pulling off a good shot. I recommend to other golfers as well." Martina Harpe
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TEC Plus 460 cc Ti Matrix Driver
TEC Plus 460 cc is a club which can prove to be top class on the golf course and make you imporve your score. If you want to hit those long and accurate tee shots that this could be a great solution The titanium matrix construction maximizes the distance you can hit and from my point of view is its greatest innovation. The shaft is made from graphite which makes it light but also very solid.
The driver comes with a deep face profile and it received maximum coefficient of restitution which helps golfers to enjoy the full benefits of the "spring effect" during games
Coming with 460cc head and highly durable graphite shaft this driver is comfortable while swinging which improves user control over the ball
Ideal for amateur and mediocre golf players, TEC Plus improves Tee-Shots and long shots as well
Due to the Matrix design this driver offers flexibility during games which improves shot accuracy
The driver's paintwork is not that elegant compared with similar models in this category but the overall driving force compensates a lot
"TEC Plus 460 cc Ti Matrix Driver was my choice for my golf set and my improved scores, show me I made a correct decision. When my game is working, it immediately puts me in a good mood. Successful clubs are extremely helpful and that model is certainly in that category." Becky Sanchez
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Callaway Diablo Octane
The best golf iron reviews have taken to the Callaway Diablo Octane and recommend it for players looking to improve their iron collection. The turbostatic carbon fibers which consist of 33% of the club`s head keeps the weight limit down and at the same time increases the distance you can hit with it. The octane shaped head and the materials which it is built from made me like it the second I held it in my hand and hit the first shot.
Developed with precision and comfort in mind the Diablo Octane drive has a 450cc head and deep face for better trajectory control during games
Stop wondering where to buy cheap golf irons for this driver from Callaway is affordable and strong enough to be used by even highly skilled golfers
Made with the new Forged Composite material (1/3 titanium density) the driver offers great load carry capacity and adds more swigging force
The driver features the exclusive Hyperbolic Face technology which is responsible for high ball speeds across long distances
Does not comes with a special head covering pouch, usually used after long golfing sessions (this is a golf accessory sold separately)
The intense design of the head could be considered too wild by traditional players but hits the spot for young and enthusiastic ones
"The functionality of the Callaway Diablo Octane Driver is the one I like the most about it. The product is very stiff. It was structured in a way that it will never be perished out. I may ne new in the golf industry but I can say that this gold iron helps a lot in bring the game flexible." Brian Walker
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Golf Irons – What to Look For:
Golf is an elite sport, requiring a high amount of concentration and precision. If you are an entry-level golfer, just getting the hang of things and constantly learning new aspects about the game, you will find this buying guide very useful. From it you will learn what to look for when searching for some reliable golf irons. Your golf clubs have to be carefully chosen to help your game. Only with quality golf clubs and hard work you can improve and better play the game. The following paragraphs will teach you how to look for the best golf iron in 2019.
The iron is the most commonly used golf club. A standard golf set consists of 14 golf clubs and 10 of them are irons with different purposes. There are wedges which can be used for lob shots made from sand bunks. Then you have the different sized classical irons. They are used for long drives and the bigger they are, the more power you will place behind your shot. Now that we are done with the introduction, we can move towards features that you should search in a golf iron.
To make our research about golf irons complete, we have read the most reliable website reviews on the subject. The features we present will make sure you have every iron necessary for different shots.
The most important thing for a modern day iron is to be perimeter-weighed. This means one should have more weight around the edges, so you have a better balance when shooting. This system assures improved accuracy even when you don't hit the ball with the center of the iron. If your iron doesn't have this feature, you will play as golfers did many years ago. Moving on to the materials used in a golf iron's construction, we will explore their pros and cons. Cast iron is the most often used material in combination with stainless steel (17% of the golf club's head in general). The prices for the golf clubs using cast iron are accessible and most entry-level golfers opt for them. Secondly, we have the forged iron golf clubs, made by beating heated steel into shape.
This type of golf iron has mixed reviews and we don't recommended this iron for entry-level players. A forge golf iron is more expensive than the previous category. Finally, we reach the last type of iron, which experts consider to be the best. The golf irons made from titanium are superior to all other types. Their construction makes them light, but still strong and the best contact surface with the ball is offered by them. The expensive price, on the other hand, can prove too much for amateur golfers.
The shaft of your golf iron can be made either from graphite or steel. Graphite is lighter, but less durable than steel. The higher costs for making a graphite shaft, makes them more expensive than the average steel shaft. Try to keep these things in mind and you should end up with the best golf iron in 2019. Furthermore, the best golf iron reviews will recommend the most reliable models in the market.
Things to consider:
– When it comes to a golf iron, perimeter-weighed is mandatory;
– The head should be made from cast iron or maybe titanium (if you have the financial resources);
– a graphite (lighter weight) or a steel (more durable) shaft.


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That is a great question.
I know I go on and on ad nauseam about niche marketing – about picking a target audience and then talking specifically to them. If you are an avid reader of this Packaging Matters blog, you will know I think one size fits all marketing is old school…passé', yet it is the norm in fresh produce.
One could potentially argue it was the norm in poultry as well…until…the chicken marketers in NZ set out to reinvent chicken…for men.
Take a look at this photo. It is simply a fresh whole chicken (chook down under) but with one MAJOR difference. It is a chook with a sticker.
And what does that sticker say? "The meal man does best."
Now I don't know about you, but once upon a time 'man' used to own steak and sausages on the BBQ as the 'meal man does best.' So what's changed?
What's changed is the savvy chook marketers have realised they could reinvent chicken and niche market it to men. Not only did they decide to market it to men, but they got the ego a bit involved and told the blokes not only can you cook a chook, but actually, it is the meal you do best.
I love it! It is so simple…but so clever. I mean, who doesn't like their ego stroked?
What can we, as produce marketers, learn?
What Vegetable Do Men Do Best? And Why Hasn't Someone Owned This Space?
Well, what vegetable do men do best? Given fresh produce rarely segments by gender (or by anything for that matter) we have no idea what vegetable men do best. That space is wide open to be owned.
And what about fruit?
I spoke at a citrus conference a few years ago and talked about a niche opportunity existing for 'man-sized' mandarins. The audience laughed. I was serious.
Think about it. Citrus is good for men. Men like ease and convenience just as women do. There is nothing manly (nor feminine for that matter) about wrestling with an orange just to get to an edible bit. So why not a 'man-sized' mandarin?
Niche Opportunities Are The Way of the Future
Seriously – niche opportunities are the way of the future if you are a produce company seeking value growth.
The chicken story shows us several things:
1. Packaging to communicate a message doesn't have to cost a fortune.
2. Sometimes, you simply have to assert you own a space – and as a result, you will own it.
3. When you flatter the ego, sales follow.
I am not naïve. This chicken campaign was supported by television and other traditional media. But, think of the power of that wee little sticker. It brought it all together on-pack. Even if you hadn't seen the ad, the message "the meal man does best" was compelling, intriguing and would have prompted sales.
A round of flapping wings (e.g. applause) for a good, sound campaign supported by well executed packaging.


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Exports of rough diamonds from Russia in I quarter 2012. increased compared to the same period in 2011. (792.6 million dollars) in value by 30.3% — to 1.033 billion dollars, according to the Finance Ministry.
The largest buyers of Russian diamonds in January-March 2012. were Belgium, India and the UAE.
The volume of exports of rough diamonds in quantitative terms, for the period decreased by 7.4% — from 9.2 million carats in the I quarter of 2011. to 8.564 million carats.
The total cost of the imported for the I quarter of 2012. in Russian rough
Continue reading Exports of rough diamonds from Russia in I quarter has grown by 30.3%.


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PLEASE NOTE THIS APPLICATION IS ONLY FOR THIS CURRENT SCHOOL YEAR! Do not complete if you are interested in 2020-2021.
Renaissance Academy's enrollment is a lottery process. This application process relates to the lottery for the 2019-2020 school year. Please keep in mind that this does NOT guarantee a space for your child, but rather begins the enrollment process to place your child in the 2019-2020 school year lottery.
If you are interested in applying for your student's enrollment at Renaissance Academy, please fill out the below electronic interest form then, after submission, complete the Enrollment Form.
Once the form is received, you will be contacted by the Enrollment Coordinator to schedule a time to come into school and complete the final steps of the enrollment application process.
The electronic Enrollment Application must be submitted by 11:59 PM EST November 23, 2018 or will not be considered for a meeting for the 2019-2020 lottery.*
Enrollment Meetings (after electronic application submission) must take place with all required items handed in (listed on the application and on the form below), by 3:00 PM EST on Friday, January 18th, 2019 (deadline extended from the original December 14, 2018).
*Please note that, in alignment with our Board Policy, any applications that come in after the lottery deadline (including those that are considered to be "a preference") will be placed at the back of the wait list for the applicable grade level. No exceptions can be made.
Lottery Date:
The Lottery for the 2019-2020 school year will be performed on Tuesday, January 29th, 2019, 9:00 AM.
"Snow Date" for the Lottery in case of inclement weather:
Friday, February 2, 2019, 9:00 AM.
Lottery notification will be emailed (to the primary email address provided by the applicant) by February 11th, 2019.
If you have any Questions or Concerns, please Email email@example.com . Our Enrollment Coordinator, Naomi Siedlecki would be happy to assist you.
*If you have issues filling out this form *due to using assistive technology only* (this includes the use of braille readers, JAWS screen readers, etc.), please contact Holly Mandia at email@example.com or 610-983-4080, ext. 179.
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Child's Date of Birth*: (mm/dd/yyyy)*Please note your child MUST be 5 by August 31, 2019 in order to apply for our incoming 2019-2020. kindergarten lottery.
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*Please follow the next link after submission to complete the 2019-2020 Enrollment Application.
You will be contacted by the enrollment coordinator with a scheduled time to come in and complete the Enrollment Application Process. Once the meeting is complete and all items are turned in you will receive a confirmation for your child to be entered into the lottery.
Item's you are required to bring with you for your meeting include:
**We no longer accept e-mailed, mailed, nor faxed applications or paperwork.**
The Renaissance Academy is committed to ensuring that all information placed on its website is accessible to individuals with disabilities. If you have a disability and the format of any material on our website interferes with your ability to access the information, please Visit our Accessibility Page for assistance.


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Regular price
or make 4 interest-free payments of
fortnightly with
More info
This sterling silver link bracelet features individually handcrafted alternating octagon and square shaped links. Each square link measures 8mm x 2.5mm x 1mm, and each octagon link measures 9mm x 2.5mm x 1mm.
Each bracelet ordered online will be sent with two extra links, which can easily be added on by any jeweller if you guess your size wrong. Please refer to our size guide for advice on which size will fit you best.
All orders are handcrafted upon order. Please allow three to four weeks for your jewellery to be made.


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Part Two of my August 2017 holiday log (continued from part one).
The Time Train?
Time waits for no man, and time machines haven't been invented yet. Nevertheless, it seems history can repeat itself. I've spent most Saturdays over the past few summers collecting footage for a video or two I want to make about the Pembroke Coast Express. The modern Pembroke Coast Express isn't too much trouble to film, but to get footage of a steam-hauled one? A steam railtour to Pembroke Dock has run in previous years, but that was before I discovered they existed. This year's run (2017) was cancelled, but even had it appeared GWR motive power was unlikely to be provided. There was nothing for it; I would just have to cheat and find a suitable GWR locomotive in use elsewhere on the network. Just such an event was scheduled for Saturday 12th August, in Melton Mowbray of all places, along with the Shakespeare Express (Birmingham – Stratford-upon-Avon) on most Sundays throughout the summer so I booked a holiday to fit around these. That holiday started on Friday 11th August, and I started 'time travelling' earlier than expected.
Summer Of Sorrow
A series of unfortunate announcements meant that the UK Parliament headed into its summer break with a trail of destruction in its wake. I have very little time for this blog and I was unable to keep up with the tide of depressing and controversial announcements in order to form them into a coherent post.
One of the announcements was a particularly big blow; the cancellation of the Midland Main Line electrification to Nottingham and Sheffield with only Bedford to Corby going ahead. Cardiff-Swansea electrification was also ditched but for reasons I hope to explain in future isn't perhaps as serious a disaster. I did start to write about these announcements in more depth but never finished.
Some of that may surface in time, but for one reason or another there's been several weeks without posts on this blog and for that I apologise. I cannot promise much in the way of future posts either, although a six-day holiday gave me material for a travel report series which I intend to publish in fortnightly instalments starting next Sunday.
A Taste Of Freedom
Surprising news that came to my attention on Thursday (6th July) has cut through my backlog of partly-written blog posts and given me something I can cover quickly.
This week (3rd – 9th of July) happens to be 'Catch The Bus Week' 2017 and the Welsh Government have come up with a surprising scheme to encourage people to do just that; catch the bus. Today (Saturday 8th July) is the first day covered by the new initiative, which is to make travelling on TrawsCymru network free of charge all weekend.
That's right, free weekend travel on all 8 TrawsCymru services, including the Cardiff Airport Express and the occasional long haul from Aberystwyth to Cardiff. It isn't just this weekend either; free weekend travel on TrawsCymru is being offered on a trial basis 'until further notice' although according to the poster I spotted on Thursday the offer excludes bank holidays (not sure if Easter Sunday counts as a bank holiday). The Welsh Government Website states that the pilot will run until at least May 2018.
Perhaps even more surprising than the introduction of free travel at weekends is that the Carmarthen-Cardiff section of the T1C Aberystwyth-Cardiff service is included (in the last phase of TrawsCambria, the X40 service did not except the Concessionary Travel Pass, which gives free travel on all bus services in Wales for the elderly and disabled). While I welcome this initiative in the main, the waiving of fares on the Cardiff Airport Express is a bit of a disappointment, but not because I think making the service free (even if only at weekends) is necessarily a bad idea. Rather, I'm disappointed because it suggests that the Welsh Government are still treating it as a normal TrawsCymru service, when I would much rather it be its own thing (because it has very little in common with the rest of the network; isn't long-distance for example).
The Stolen Seats
Another First Past The Post election has failed to deliver a fair result. With parties winning up to 36 more (or fewer) seats than their share of the vote would suggest, it is time to Make Votes Matter!
262 Not Out
May was Theresa's month, but the unexpected General Election of 2017 was in June; and produced an almost entirely unexpected result. For most of the campaign, almost all the predictions suggested that the Tories would win the increased majority they craved. Some also suggested that the election could be " a fight for the very survival of Labour". With the First Past The Post electoral system making it almost impossible for the other parties to win many seats, destruction of the Labour party could have left the so-called 'Conservative and Unionist Party' with no opposition.
This means the election was really two contests rolled into one; a straight fight for which party gets to form a government (like any other general election) and also Jeremy Corbyn's battle to prove that his leadership and the Labour party have a future.
Victory for Theresa May's party was seemingly never in doubt and indeed, unfortunately, they have of course won the election. However, given their objective of a decisive majority it almost looks like a defeat for the Tories. Labour have lost, as expected, but made gains and finished up with 262 seats. They may still be down, but they're not out. That, for me, is a glimmer of hope; it now appears that there is a possibility that the next election will see the Tories removed from Government.
We are still a way off a positive outlook for the future, at the start of the election campaign I hoped the Labour party would pledge to introduce proportional representation for future elections. They did not, and for that reason (among others) I didn't vote for either of the two main parties. The outcome I would really have liked to see would have been a Labour victory short of a majority. That could have enabled, through agreement with other parties, the introduction of a proportional electoral system and accelerated action on preventing climate change. Sadly the result we got fell short of that, but it was about the best outcome I thought possible given the opinion polling in the run up to the election. With the Tories' position significantly weakened, I can now think to myself 'maybe next time'.
Hope has not emerged victorious, but it has not been crushed either.
Soccer Saturday Shame
A rather damp 27th May 2017 (this past Saturday) saw the return of the through services between London Paddington and Pembroke Dock which form part of the summer Saturday timetable. Out filming the westbound service at Neath, I was caught in a shower and returned to the station rather soggy. Fortunately, the weather had improved by the time I reached Cardiff Central, where I filmed the first of the two eastbound services (which is formed by the stock off a Swansea to Pembroke Dock service, the westbound London to Pembroke train forming an afternoon/evening return working).
Since they are First Great Western Railway long-distance services out of Paddington, these trains are formed using 8-carriage Intercity 125 trains. They prove valuable in some weeks as the crowds of tourists travelling to and from Tenby simply would not fit on the 2-car class 150s which operate the Monday to Friday and winter services on the Pembroke & Tenby line.
I hope for the railway's sake that next Saturday (3rd June 2017) will be a quiet one in Tenby, because otherwise it is likely that there will be a lot of unhappy passengers. This is because, as station announcements were warning this week, the UEFA Champions League final is coming to Cardiff. What the announcements did not say, but the Great Western Railway journey planner website does, is that both Intercity 125 services on the Pembroke Dock branch are cancelled for that day. The services will be truncated to run between Swansea and London only, as they do in the winter timetable. I presume this has been done in order to free up IC125 sets to provide additional services through Cardiff which will be extremely busy due to the soccer game. According to the journey planner though, while the GWR service reverts to the winter timetable, Arriva Trains Wales is expected to run their summer Saturday service on the Pembroke Dock branch. This leaves a gap of over four hours, and another of over three hours, for the GWR services that will not be running, compared to the every-two-hours winter service. The 'Weymouth Wizard' summer Saturday special between Bristol and Weymouth also seems to have been removed from the schedule next weekend.
Update: the Weymouth Wizard ran, slightly retimed, using hired mark 2 coaches rather than an IC125 set; as far as I'm aware the Pembroke & Tenby was left with nothing.
While pulling the IC125s to provide extra capacity in Cardiff is probably a sensible move, passengers on the Pembroke Dock branch will get a raw deal. There is no mention of the change in the paper timetable booklet as far as I'm aware, so anyone who doesn't look online might turn up for a train that doesn't exist. The most disgraceful part of the whole affair is that, apparently, GWR are not even arranging replacement road transport to cover for their missing trains in Pembrokeshire, meaning anyone who does turn up for them will be stuck for hours waiting for the next Arriva Trains Wales unit (and, if the weather brings out the crowds, they will have to play sardines on it).
Stena Shocker
Stena Line have today introduced a new ferry timetable which has played a part in the start of a new chapter for the Great Western Railway. Apparently, the ferry timetable between Fishguard and Rosslare has remained largely unchanged for decades. Today however all four departures have been shifted by at least an hour, some almost as many as three.
Arriva Trains Wales (ATW) have, for their part, reworked the Fishguard rail timetable to ensure rail connections are available. However, they have been forced to breach the terms of their original 2003 franchise agreement. That contract required only two trains per 24 hours, and specified that these must run between Fishguard and Swansea (or Cardiff), connecting with ferries and either running through to/from London or connecting with London services.
Obviously, so far ATW have opted to connect with First Great Western services to and from London Paddington rather than run through services themselves. In light of Stena Line's changes however, the London connections required by the 2003 franchise agreement are no longer provided. One of the ferries now arrives at Fishguard Harbour fairly late in the evening; by the time the connecting train reaches Swansea or Cardiff the last train to London would be long gone with the first morning train to London not due for nearly four hours, thus breaching the terms of the 2003 contract.
In fairness to ATW, the London service no longer appears to be a reasonable requirement given Stena's new ferry timing, unless I have misinterpreted the franchise agreement the only way ATW could possibly comply would be to either run through to London themselves (and their staff probably don't have the required route knowledge) or somehow make First Great Western provide an additional service in the middle of the night. The departure time from Cardiff would be about 1am and arrival in Paddington about 4am (or slightly earlier if First Great Western, using a 125mph train, ran the service). Meeting that requirement would therefore cost a lot of money for very little gain (is anyone likely to find a service at such unsociable hours useful?).
ATW cannot be let off the hook completely however, since another aspect of their changes also appears to breach the franchise agreement. The new rail timetable shows that the problematic evening train, which couldn't connect into a London service, terminates at Carmarthen, without even a connection to Swansea. That, according to the 2003 franchise agreement, is clearly a breach of contract; through services to at least Swansea are mandatory. Since publishing their timetable, it seems ATW have realised this and the Real Time Trains website is now showing that the new evening boat train, the 22:14 from Fishguard Harbour, will run through to Swansea after all. It will terminate there at 00:04. The 21:58 arrival at Fishguard Harbour however, which would connect into the overnight ferry, is now shown online as starting from Carmarthen at 21:03, thus involving a change for passengers from Swansea and Cardiff and breaching the 2003 agreement. That is also a change from ATW's PDF timetable leaflet, which suggests the service would start from Manchester Piccadilly at 15:30 (with a suspicious instantaneous reversal in Carmarthen station).
It isn't only the timetable that isn't clear, ATW's current contractual commitments are also shrouded in mystery. Although the 2003 franchise agreement is available online, the contract for the additional Fishguard services introduced in 2011 is not. For this post, I attempted to gain a clear picture by submitting a freedom of information request for the 2011 contract. My request was refused on the grounds of commercial confidentiality. We therefore cannot be sure if the Arriva are allowed to use the local services that do not connect with ferries to meet requirement for services to run through to/from Cardiff or Swansea, and we don't know if reducing Fishguard's train service from 7 trains each way (per 24 hours) to 6 (the 01:50 overnight service is withdrawn now that the sailing it existed to connect with is no more).
Stena's unprecedented changes are not today's only shock to the established Great Western status quo. You will also get a shock, a potentially lethal one, if you touch the overhead wires on several sections of the Great Western main line, including between Paddington and Maidenhead. There, class 387 Electrostar electric multiple units have become the first electric trains to carry fare-paying passengers on a section of line electrified under the current Great Western electrification project. Sections further west have been live for testing purposes for some time, but cannot be used for passenger services yet due to gaps in the overhead line between them and Maidenhead.
Returning to the Fishguard ferries, a definate plus is that there is now an extra train connection on the Irish side. Before, the only night ferry had rail connections in Rosslare. Now, it appears the new earlier timing of the Fishguard to Rosslare daytime sailing will allow it to connect with a train to Dublin which previously left Rosslare just before the lunch time boat from Fishguard arrived. As far as I can make out, given the differenced between Real Time Trains and the ATW timetable booklet, the connections shape up as follows:
Monday – Friday services – Old Timetable
|Dublin Connolly
|Rosslare Europort arr.
|Rosslare Harbour dep.
|Fishguard Harbour arr.
|Fishguard Harbour dep.
|Swansea arr.
|Swansea dep.
|Cardiff Central arr.
|Cardiff Central dep.
|London Paddington
|London Paddington
|Cardiff Central arr.
|Cardiff Central dep.
|Swansea arr.
|Swansea dep.
|Fishguard Harbour arr.
|Fishguard Harbour dep.
|Rosslare Harbour arr.
|Rosslare Europort dep.
|Dublin Connolly
Monday – Friday services – New Timetable
|Dublin Connolly
|Rosslare Europort arr.
|Rosslare Harbour dep.
|Fishguard Harbour arr.
|Fishguard Harbour dep.
|Swansea arr.
|Swansea dep.
|Cardiff Central arr.
|Cardiff Central dep.
|London Paddington
|London Paddington
|Cardiff Central arr.
|Cardiff Central dep.
|Swansea arr.
|Swansea dep.
|Fishguard Harbour arr.
|Fishguard Harbour dep.
|Rosslare Harbour arr.
|Rosslare Europortdep.
|Dublin Connolly
Fishguard Facilities…
…And 'Connections'
As the Welsh Government's consultation on the next Wales & Borders rail franchise draws to a close (ends 23rd May 2017), so to must my series of posts regarding issues that I hope the new franchise will address. In this instalment, I discuss some of the problems with station facilities and bus-rail integration, using examples from Fishguard. The consultation on improving bus services in Wales, due to end on 31st May, might also be relevant to this discussion.
Hope For Democracy
A Make Votes Matter campaign update and open letter give hope that Labour could include Proportion Representation in their 2017 general election manifesto.
Continue reading Hope For Democracy
Stuck On The Slow Train
SWWITCH's rail study acknowledges that rail west of Swansea is slow, but offers no solution. I can go one better.
Continue reading Stuck On The Slow Train
May-Day, May Day, Mayday
Following a trip to Snowdonia, Prime Minister Theresa May took many by surprise, including myself. Perhaps even more surprising however were some of the comments in her speech announcing the snap election. "At this moment of enormous national significance there should be unity here in Westminster, but instead there is division."
That, it seemed to me, was a veiled admission that the views of the 'opposition' are generally close to those of the government on most important issues. I have probably pointed out before that there is little difference between Labour's policies and those of the Conservative party, and the first past the post electoral system means other parties are largely excluded. Therefore, the electorate isn't really given a meaningful choice at general elections; certainly on some issues. The Labour party have, at least in the past, supported expansion of Heathrow airport, and Theresa May's government has indicated they intend to approve expansion. No choice there then; voting for either of the main parties is, or has been, a vote for a blank cheque for the aviation industry to continue to increase its greenhouse gas emissions.
But on the issue of the UK's relationship European Union, there are actually differences of opinion in the house of commons. The Conservatives have an opposition for a change and they don't like it, so they are holding an election in the hope they can silence it. There should only be unity in Westminster if the views of vast majority of the population are the same, otherwise the people who hold different views are not being represented in Parliament. Ours is, after all, supposed to be a representative democracy. If the public are divided in their opinions and the house of commons isn't, then parliament does not represent the people and the system isn't working. In 2015, the Conservatives took 50.8% of the seats in the commons with only 36.8% of the vote. That tells you all you need to know; the system is broken; and given that turnout was less than 70% the actual proportion of the population that actually 'asked' for a Conservative government will be lower still.
Apparently, Jeremy Corbyn has vowed to overturn the rigged system. I might believe that if Labour's manifesto includes a commitment to scrap First Past The Post, which is rigged against the smaller parties. That could still be a possibility, since Labour has not yet published its manifesto. Campaign group Make Votes Matter have pointed out that Labour are running a consultation on their 2017 manifesto. That doesn't seem to have closed yet, so if the link still works when you read this please respond to the consultation and make sure to include a call for proportional representation in your response. There may be more opportunities to influence Labour's policies on there policy forum site (I've yet to investigate it). If Labour can be persuaded to adopt proportional representation, the next challenge will be getting the Tories out of government so that proportional representation can be introduced. That isn't such a tall order as the initial media coverage would suggest, if the other parties see the opportunity to make things right and work together. There are signs is could be happening in some areas, with the Liberal Democrats apparently not contesting the seat held by Caroline Lucas. Add that to the fact that the Tories have very slim majorities in some seats and there is hope.
Returning to Theresa May's speech when announcing the election, her statement "The country is coming together, but Westminster is not." is not my impression. The general election held under First Past The Post in 2015, and the EU referendum that followed, were extremely divisive. The SNP are threatening to tear Britain apart, and the Tory majorities first past the post returns to Westminster are a huge contrast to Scottish voting patterns (only 14.9% of Scots voted Conservative in 2015). It has been argued that the election on the 8th of June is 'a fight for the very survival of Labour', but we face an "existential crisis" for Great Britain itself as well. Mayday indeed, but "If you fight you won't always win. But if you don't fight you will always lose" (from somebody's signature on the RailUK Forums, attributed to Bob Crow). Theresa May may think on this May Day that she is going to win the election, but it isn't over yet.
P.S. As well as Make Votes Matter, linked to above, there are a number of other groups campaigning for proportional representation. One of these, the Electoral Reform Society, has a petition here and there are probably more out there.
Tracks And Trams
As noted previously, the Welsh Assembly Government (WAG) is proposing a Cardiff & Newport metro and are running a franchise competition to select an 'Operator and Development Partner' (ODP) for the Wales & Borders franchise. The first part of this post pointed out that the late and over-budget partial redouble of the Wrexham-Chester line has led WAG to adopt a risky strategy; taking ownership of the ValleyLines infrastructure north from Cardiff Queen Street, plus the Cardiff Bay branch and maybe the Cardiff Central to Cardiff Queen Street section, off Network Rail.
One of the risks is the very fact that it is an untried approach; to my knowledge a significant portion of the national network has never been split off since the big four were merged to create British Railways. Sections have of course been sold off to create heritage railways, but they are their own self-contained operations and the Cardiff Metro will have to maintain interfaces with Network Rail, if only for freight services. Admittedly some heritage railways have ambitions to extend their services onto Network Rail infrastructure, but so far I believe only the North Yorkshire Moors Railway has achieved this. So, the second risk is that Network Rail isn't completely removed from the picture. That in turn gives rise to a third risk; that WAG and/or their ODP may try to minimise the interfaces with Network Rail by segregating what WAG are already calling 'the core ValleyLines' to a very great extent.
At present of course, many services from north of Cardiff (Aberdare, Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney) run through to Penarth, Barry Island and the Vale Of Glamorgan Line to Bridgend. That is very sensible, since a frequent service runs Cardiff Central on these routes; and this is unlikely to decrease. A potential Metro frequency of 4tph (trains per hour) from each of Treherbert, Aberdare, Merthyr Tydfil, Rhymney, Penarth and Barry Island, plus 2tph from Bridgend via the Vale Of Glamorgan is a total of 26tph before considering Coryton and Radyr services. Even with four platforms (4, 6, 7 and 8) now nominally designated as 'ValleyLines' platforms, 26tph terminating at Cardiff Central would give less than nine and a half minutes for turn-around time. Add Coryton, Radyr and possible new lines and recovering the timetable following delays would be well-nigh impossible. Trying to split core ValleyLines services from the rest of the Cardiff Metro would therefore be a serious risk to punctuality.
Splitting the service also presents a risk of a different kind; a risk to passenger comfort. While the current fleet of class 150s and Pacers is not-exactly comfortable, there's worse out there. The one thing less comfortable than a seat on a Pacer is having to stand; and one option the Welsh Government may be considering could reduce the availability of seats. That option is light-rail, probably in the form of trams. The Bombardier M5000 trams on Manchester's Metrolink are about the same length as a Pacer but have 46 fewer seats (almost halving the 106 seats on a Pacer) and room for perhaps 100 more standing passengers. Any other passenger train will be longer than a Pacer, and hence have even more room for seats. Even if you have longer trams than Manchester's, each coach still needs to be shorter than most train carriages because trams need to handle tighter curves. Shorter carriages mean more corridor connections between cars and probably more doors, leaving less room for seats. Light-rail would probably make the project cheaper, and perhaps enable earlier delivery, but with a journey from Cardiff to Merthyr Tydfil taking an hour (perhaps slightly less with electrification) I don't think it is the right choice.
A further risk is that budget overruns and project delays aren't unique to Network Rail projects anyway. WAG and their ODP will probably need to choose from the same pool of electrification contractors as Network Rail, and so they may yet suffer similar high costs and late delivery.
Returning to the idea of trams; despite the reduced seating capacity which I deem unacceptable for the longer journeys, there are clear benefits. Perhaps the most important is that trains cannot mix with road traffic on street-running sections. That means a direct rail service between Cardiff Central and Cardiff Bay, which seems to be a key Welsh Government objective, is probably only possible with trams (which I suppose would stop at street-level outside Cardiff Central's new southern entrance). The reduced cost of lower-voltage light-rail electrification, as already mentioned, is also plus so maybe a mix of tram and train could be the optimum outcome for the Cardiff Metro.
Limiting light-rail to the shorter routes however poses a number of problems. The Cardiff Bay line is the only obvious candidate for light-rail conversion, with short on-street links at both ends (to Cardiff Central at the north end and closer to the millennium centre etc. at the other end). That alone seems unlikely to provide either the volume necessary to justify the overheads of a tram system (such as a depot) or access to an area of open land for a depot. Ordinary trams might be permitted to share streets with cars, but they are not allowed to share tracks with heavily-built national rail trains, so the rumoured Metro depot location at Taff's Well is out of reach. Tram-trains could run everywhere, but are more expensive than straight trams and the UK's tram-train pilot scheme in Sheffield is behind schedule. With the possible removal of funding if the project isn't complete by 2023, the tram-train option might also be a big gamble.
Let us assume therefore that it is a choice between having some trams that cannot run on heavy-rail tracks and not being able to deliver the Cardiff Central – Cardiff Bay link. How do you grow the tram network enough to reach a suitable depot location, without either blowing the budget or screwing up the heavy-rail part of the Metro by converting more of the existing network? Taff's Well is 20 minutes from Cardiff Central, right on the limit of being too far to subject passengers to the loss of seats that trams would bring. However, it is over 5 miles as the crow flies; I doubt finding and constructing an all-new route from Cardiff is feasible, so existing rail alignments would need to be used. That either means quadrupling (providing two light-rail tracks and two-heavy rail ones) or conversion to light-rail. As far as I can tell from Google Earth, there is no room for more tracks on some sections that would need quadrupling. That means a conversion would be necessary, but since any services north of Taff's Well and Llanishen ought to remain heavy-rail the Cardiff Queen Street to Heath cannot be converted and heavy-rail services and the same applies to at least one of the two routes to Radyr (via Fairwater and via Cathays).
Therefore, there are two final questions.
- whether a single double-track route for services from north of Taff's Well to Cardiff is sufficient and, if not
- whether it is possible to build a street-running tram route of almost 4 miles from Cardiff Central to Heath, plus 2.5 and a bit miles of new line from Coryton into Taff's Well
Making the metro is not going to be easy.
Twin-Track Troubles
I should report, slightly belatedly, that Network Rail finally opened the new second track between Saltney junction and Rossett junction on the line between Wrexham and Chester on the April 1st, 2017. The redoubling project has roughly halved the length of single track between Wrexham and Chester; the southern half remains single due to issues which make redoubling that section more-challenging.
Aside from the eventual outcome; a shorter single-track section and over five miles of additional track is certainly a big plus, it is hard to draw positives from this scheme. As I posted a few weeks ago, the Welsh Government's objective of an hourly Holyhead-Cardiff service was a poor reason for the project, but Network Rail must also be questioned. The May 2017 issue of Modern Railways magazine informs me that the Wrexham redoubling project was originally due for completion in early 2015. Two years late: that is a serious delay beaten only by certain elements of Network Rail's electrification programme (and even then, the wires are due to reach Cardiff only one year behind schedule).
Costs have increased too, the Wrexham redouble came in at £49m but in May 2013 the slightly shorter single-track section between Swansea (Cockett West) and Llanelli (Duffryn West) was redoubled at a cost of £40.3m including a second platform at Gowerton station and a brand-new bridge over the river Loughor. That scheme was delivered on-time and on-budget, but past successes can be forgotten when things go wrong, as they have on the Wrexham-Chester line. It is therefore understandable that the Welsh Government (who were paying) is displeased with Network Rail, and the problems north of Wrexham have contributed to a risky gambit further south.
The Welsh Government's new gamble concerns the 'south Wales Metro' project. Personally, I would call what the Welsh Government is proposing a Cardiff & Newport metro, but I digress. The idea is that ownership of the core ValleyLines (Cardiff Central to the heads of the valleys via Cardiff Queen Street) would be taken away from Network Rail. The new 'Operator and Development Partner' (ODP) of the Wales & Borders franchise would then be responsible for ensuring the ValleyLines are modernised within the available budget and presumably before part of the funding expires in 2023. This novel idea seems to have one big plus, which is that track and train would be controlled by the same management, but is risky for several reasons.
Those reasons are detailed in part 2 of this post.
Suburban Express? It's An Oxymoron – Sort It
The 'Fishguard Flyer' has a problem…
It may be the only express service into and out of south-west Wales, but in the fairly recent past the daytime Fishguard 'boat train' was, for some years, deliberately worked by class 150 DMUs. At the time, the service was the 10:57 Cardiff to Fishguard and 13:30 return, at one point continuing to Cheltenham Spa. At the time of writing (March/April 2017), the eastbound service now terminates at Cardiff Central, while the westbound train has been extended to start back from Newport. I believe Arriva Trains Wales now diagram a class 158 on the working, but that may have changed again. Even if a 158 is diagrammed, it seems that class 150s still appear regularly as stand-ins (presumably because the 158s are required in mid and north Wales).
Whether by design or out of necessity this is, in my opinion, a serious problem. The class 150 is, essentially, an inner-suburban design; although the ones in ATW's fleet have 2+2 seating rather than the even higher-density 2+3 arrangement some other operators have on class 150s. The wide doors are of the recessed, 'metro-sliding' type; faster to open/close than plug doors but requiring a large section of windowless wall for the door to slide into. This means that not only is floor space lost to wide standing areas just inside the doors but the seats adjacent to the doors have no window.
Even passengers who do get a window don't have a great journey; there are very few tables (and on ATW's units these are not ideally aligned with the windows either) and the rest of the seats lack legroom. While the same could be said for the class 153s, the single-car 'Super Sprinters' do at least have smaller doors at the ends of the carriage, rather than the large ones interrupting the passenger saloon on a class 150 'Sprinter'.
As well as being wide and of the recessed type, the passenger doors on a class 150 are located towards the middle of each car (nominally one third and two thirds along). This suburban layout aids the flow of passengers on and of trains, keeping station dwell times to a minimum, but interrupts the passenger saloon area. This cannot be helpful for designing a comfortable seating layout that aligns with the windows etc.
The class 150 design then is optimised for busy short-distance stopping trains, with quite a bit of space for standees and short dwell times. But, as I wrote at the beginning, the Fishguard daytime boat train, unofficially known as the 'Fishguard Flyer', is an express service. Westbound, it calls only at Cardiff, Bridgend, Llanelli, Whitland and Fishguard & Goodwick (the eastbound working also serves Carmarthen). Even if using a class 158, which has one of the slowest power-door systems in use, instead of a 150 adds a minute at each station the limited calling pattern that's only five or six minutes on the whole journey. On a service that takes 2 and a half hours between Fishguard & Cardiff that's a small price to pay for a comfortable journey (150s are so uncomfortable that I have generally had enough after an hour). A 158 probably would make up some of the time anyway by running above the 150's max speed of 75mph on parts of the line between Bridgend and Briton Ferry, and I doubt the difference in dwell time would be as much as a minute per station in most cases. That's because the narrow doors on a 158 don't seem to be too much of an impediment when passenger numbers are within the capacity of the unit; I expect it is when passengers have to stand that the aisle gets clogged and dwell times go through the roof if the train has the passenger doors at the vehicle ends. If the railway was run in the interests of passengers, long-distance and fast services would always be formed of trains of sufficient length to seat all passengers; so stop wasting saloon space with wide doors and give us some legroom instead.
Suburban Express? It's an oxymoron; sort it.
There's a general point here for the next Wales & Borders rail franchise here too, as well as the specific one about the Fishguard service. Suburban trains (those with 'doors at thirds') cannot provide maximum comfort and are therefore only acceptable on short-distance services with frequent stops and large volumes of passengers, because it is in those cases that units suitable for longer journeys (ie. with doors at the vehicle ends) suffer from extended dwell times (and more stops means those dwell times have a bigger overall impact).


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