text:
Secrets of success for your shady garden
What are the options to gently filter more light into the darkest of gardens?
Leafy foliage plants growing in the shady Dublin space of garden designer Bernard Hickie. Photograph: Richard Johnston
Continuing our Horticultural Agony Aunt' mini-series...
"Help! While my small, shady garden looks okay during the summer months, it turns into a mess come autumn. As I work from home, I'd love to make it a space that I can enjoy all-year-round using lots of interesting evergreen foliage plants. Any tips?" (Dublin reader)
The older I get, the more I appreciate that foliage is the unsung hero of every great garden, the glue that sticks it all together. The good news for owners of shady gardens like yourself is that many of the most beautiful foliage plants are also shade-lovers that are more than happy to grow in low-light conditions where their leaves won't be singed by bright sunlight and the cooler soil temperatures suit their root systems right down to the ground.
That said, there are different kinds of shady gardens. The easiest – at least from a gardener's point of view – are those that can offer plants dappled shade (as opposed to deep shade) and a cool, friable, humus-rich, moisture-retentive soil reminiscent of a damp woodland. The most difficult are those with poor, dry soil that sit in permanent heavy shade; typically these gardens are north-facing and under the deep shadow of nearby tall buildings.
But even in this case, there's much you can do to dramatically improve growing conditions by adding wheelbarrows of well-rotted manure, homemade compost, crumbly leaf mould and sprinkles of powdered seaweed to the ground before planting. Continue with annual, humus-rich mulches of the same and you'll soon see a dramatic improvement in your soil' s structure and fertility.
Deep shade
There are also clever ways to help more light gently filter into the darkest of gardens. For example, if yours is in deep shade throughout the day, take a long, hard look at any nearby large trees or shrubs to see if their dense leaf canopy could be reduced. An example is "skirt lifting" as it's somewhat cheekily termed in the horticultural world, a useful method of creatively pruning large specimen trees and shrubs by removing some of their lower branches. This allows light to filter into shady spaces, opens up views, frees up growing space beneath their canopy and, when done well, can transform a very ordinary-looking plant into one that is satisfyingly sculptural. It's particularly suitable for evergreen plants such as photinia, yew, bay, myrtle, osmanthus, holly, eleagnus, bay, cotoneaster, phillyrea and Scots pine. For more detailed information (and I promise you that it's satisfyingly easy as well as quick), get your hands on a copy of The Creative Art of Pruning by Jake Hobson.
When it comes to your choice of plants for your shady garden, focus on those that can offer a visually pleasing combination of contrasting textures, colours and foliage shape throughout the year. For example, evergreen grasses that will grow quite happily in dappled shade include Chionochloa rubra (despite its size, this is also very happy in a large pot), pheasant grass (Anemanthele lessoniana), and Stipa tenuissima. A host of evergreen ferns are also suitable, from the statuesque tree fern, Dicksonia antartica (but only if your garden is a sheltered one in a milder part of the country) to various species of Polystichum (P. polyblepharum, P. munitum P. setiferum), Woodwardia radicans and Dropteris erythrosora. You'll find many of these ferns for sale in good garden centres but for the widest choice, get in contact with Billy Alexander of Kells Bay gardens and specialist nursery in Co Kerry, who supplies a huge range of different species (see kellsbay.ie) while Dublin-based Mount Venus Nursery (mountvenusnursery.com) is another excellent supplier of these and other shade-loving woodlanders.
Shrubby plants
Other lovely, leafy evergreen shrubby plants suitable for a shady garden include some of the smaller, clump-forming types of bamboo (Fargesia murieliae, Fargesia nitida, Fargesia jiuzhaigou). Again, you'll find these in good garden centres but for the widest choice, get in touch with Peter Stam of the Waterford-based specialist bamboo nursery, Stam Bamboo (stambamboo.com).
Bamboos add a tropical air to any sheltered, shady garden, as do other evergreens with large or sculptural leaves such as Astelia chathamica, Schefflera taiwaniana, Pseudopanax crassifolius and Tetrapanax papyrifera. But if tropical isn't your thing, then go for some of the more conventional shade-tolerant shrubby plants such as choisya, mahonia, pittoporum, skimmia and ceanothus. All of these are quite large shrubs that will help to form the upper and middle planting layer in your garden, so allow them sufficient space to mature. But bear in mind that clever pruning techniques such as those mentioned above will allow you to manipulate their size and reduce their overall bulk, providing more space for the ground/ lowest layer of plants. Suitable evergreen choices for the latter include hellebores, the smaller species of ferns and grasses, epimediums, liriope, vinca, ajuga, vancouveria and Saxifraga stolonifera.
Last but definitely not least, a gentle word of caution. While evergreen foliage plants perform a vital role in keeping a garden "furnished" throughout the autumn, winter and early spring months, too many of them in a garden inevitably have a deadening effect, making it feel static – even claustrophobic – as well as lacking in seasonal interest. So ring in the changes by adding some shade-loving deciduous or herbaceous varieties. Examples include lady's mantle (a summer-flowering perennial that will tolerate every kind of shade), Geranium macrorrhizum, rodgersia, brunnera, hydrangea, astrantia, Japanese anemones, Anemone nemorosa, woodruff (Galium odoratum), Cyclamen hederifolium, Milium effusum Aureum and some of the smaller, herbaceous kinds of ferns including species of Athyrium, Matteuccia and Dryopteris filix-mas. Finish off with a few sprinkles of snowdrops and you're good to go.
Continue to clear fallen leaves of deciduous trees and shrubs from paths and steps where they could be hazardous. Placed in a black bag (puncture a few holes in it for drainage) and left somewhere cool, shady and relatively dry (for example, under the cover of a tree/hedge), they'll eventually rot down into leaf mould and can then be used as an excellent soil conditioner. Alternatively, you can add them as a carbon-rich layer to your compost heap. Fallen leaves can also be a problem on the roofs of glasshouses and polytunnels at this time of year. In this case, use a soft sweeping brush or a leaf-blower to remove them.
The only leaves that you shouldn't add to your compost heap or use to make leaf mould are those that are diseased as these could potentially re-infect the fresh, new foliage on plants come springtime. An example is any leaves infected with blackspot, a common fungal disease of roses that overwinters on any fallen foliage as well as on any infected leaves lingering on the plant. In this case, collect these from around the base of the plant and then do your best to pick any obviously diseased leaves off the branches before binning or burning them.
November marks the beginning of the bare-root season, when many plants can be bought for a fraction of the price that you'd pay for them as pot-grown specimens. While it's important to get bare-root plants into the ground as quickly as possible to avoid damage to the plants' fine root hairs, it's also important to pick a time when soil condition are good (not waterlogged, not frozen) and the weather is dry. When/if unfavourable weather conditions mean that you have to postpone planting, make sure to temporarily protect the delicate root systems of any recently purchased bare-root plants by spraying them gently with water and then placing them up to their waists in a plastic bag tied as securely as possible to avoid evaporation. Put this somewhere cool, shady but frost-free until soil/weather conditions improve.
Today (Saturday November 18th, 2pm), National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, an illustrated talk by author and taxonomist Dr Charles Nelson on behalf of the Irish Society of Botanical Artists on the history of Irish botanical illustration from the 18th century to the present day. botanicgardens.ie
Also continuing at the National Botanic Gardens until Wednesday, December 6th, Another Bite of the Cherry, an exhibition of new work by more than 50 artists, all inspired by the flora/landscape of Ireland's historic botanic gardens at Glasnevin. All works for sale €180 unframed/€225 framed. graphicstudiodublin-shop.squarespace.com


text:
Planet X Killed the Dinosaurs, And It Would Do It Again
A few months ago, the mysterious Planet X aka Planet 9 was discovered. Despite that, it has yet to capture our hearts like its plucky predecessor, Pluto did. And now it seems unlikely it ever will. There is evidence to suggest that Planet X killed the dinosaurs, and one day it may well kill us too.
Astronomers at Lund University have determined it likely that Planet X is an exoplanet, ie. A planet that does not orbit our own Sun. It's believed that our sun dragged Planet X away from its original star. Dr Daniel Whitmire of the University of Arkansas has reason to think that Planet X is response for comet showers which occasionally devastate our Earth. Could it be that the planet is seeking revenge for being stolen from its home star?
Maybe, but until we know for sure there is a more reasonable explanation. Planet X has a tilted orbit, perhaps due to not being native to our solar system. This tilt is such that every 27 million years it passes through the Kuiper belt of comets. When it does this, it misdirects the path of these comets and sends them hurtling straight towards our inner solar system – straight at Earth. And because Planet X is a believed to be a gaseous planet, it isn't even punished for its misdeeds.
None of this is confirmed yet, and indeed scientists at NASA are still unsure as to whether Planet X even exists at all. We don't even have a picture of the thing yet. But there's a lot of evidence to suggest it does – evidence which dates back decades, long before astronomers even considered the idea of another planet in our solar system. For instance, this regular and reliable pattern of comet showers was spotted in 1985, and is believed to have been going on for at least 500 million years.
Still, if Planet X does exist, and it is out for our blood, the comet that ruined the dinosaurs' day was 65 million, which by my count means it doesn't get another shot at us for 16 million years. Indeed, if this is a vengeful planet that demands our doom, it will be galled to hear that its discovery stands to push our understanding of the Sun and the Earth will take a huge leap. It may even one day be an enlightening destination for our probes.
We will learn your secrets, Planet X. And then we will use them to defeat you.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"Why should you fear to be stripped of that which you have resigned already to Christ? It is the first lesson you learn, if a Christian: to deny yourself, take up your cross, and follow your Master, so that the enemy comes too late. You have no life to lose because you have given it already to Christ, nor can man take away that without God's leave. All you have is insured, and though God has not promised you immunity from suffering in this kind, yet he has undertaken to bear the loss, indeed, to pay you a hundredfold, and you will not stay for it till another world."
William Gurnall, The Christian in Complete Armour


text: Global News Morning Calgary May 30 2017 9:00am 02:43 Kinder Morgan expects IPO to proceed despite B.C. Green-NDP deal Kinder Morgan says it expects to proceed Tuesday with its initial public offering for the Trans Mountain expansion, despite the B.C. Greens and NDP's new deal. Kinder Morgan Canada shares fall in IPO Responsive site?


text:
Hain Celestial shares slide 21% premarket after earnings miss
Hain Celestial Group Inc. shares HAIN, +0.91% tanked in premarket trade Thursday, after the maker of herbal teas and organic foods missed estimates for its fiscal second quarter and offered guidance that was below consensus. The company said it had a net loss of $29.3 million, or 28 cents, in the quarter, after earnings of $43.1 million, or 41 cents a share, in the year-earlier period. Adjusted per-share earnings came to 14 cents, below the 25 cents FactSet consensus. Sales fell 5% to $584.2 million, also below the FactSet consensus of $611 million. Chief Executive Mark Schiller said the company is taking a new strategic direction to come back to profitability. "Although we are not satisfied with our near-term performance, we are starting to see sequential improvement in our numbers and are working diligently to restore profitable growth in the United States, while continuing our profit momentum in the United Kingdom and Europe," he said in a statement. For fiscal 2019, the company is expecting sales of $2.320 billion to $2.350 billion, a decline of 4% to 6% from 2018. It expects adjusted EPS of 60 cents to 70 cents, down 40% to 48%. The FactSet consensus is for EPS of $1.13 and sales of $2.444 billion. Shares have fallen 49% in the last 12 months, while the S&P 500 SPX, -0.22% has gained about 2%.
Have breaking news sent to your inbox. Subscribe to MarketWatch's free Bulletin emails. Sign up here.
Source: Read Full Article


text:
Police have made a breakthrough in the grisly case of a severed foot which washed up on a beach in British Columbia, Canada.
The foot, which was still attached to a tibia and fibula and inside a white sock and black running shoe, was discovered on Vancouver Island beach by 56-year-old Mike Jones as he walked his dog.
Mr Jones explained:
My dog, she was sniffing the bones so I stopped and took a look, and I saw the bones and noticed it was attached to a shoe.Mike Johns
The foot was the thirteenth to wash up on the island since 2007 but police believe they've identified who this particular dismembered body part belongs to.
Using DNA identification police identified that the foot belonged to a 79-year-old Kitsap County man called Stanley Okumoto who's been missing since September.
In November Okumoto's partial remains were found along a beach near Neah Bay, about a mile from where his car was found by authorities a day after he disappeared.
Mark Nichols the Clallam County Coroner-Prosecuting Attorney said that foul play was not suspected but added that the cause and manner of Mr Okumoto's death could not be determined.
A number of possible reasons have been put forward to explain why these feet keep washing up including a serial killer who removes his victim's feet, that the feet are the remains of people who've committed suicide and even that they're the feet of the victims of the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.
Unfortunately due to the nature of ocean currents and the human body we may never know where the feet come from.
Missing 79 y/o Stanley Okumoto last seen 11am Mon Sep 18 @ Huckle & Nels Nelson Central Kitsap. Call 911 if seen. https://t.co/Ejrcb5Te2Y pic.twitter.com/7tbSuJ6KAp
— Kitsap Sheriff (@KitsapCoSheriff) September 19, 2017
Ocean currents can carry items thousands of miles and human feet have a tendency to produce a soap-like substance formed from body fat when in water preserving them, making it hard for forensic scientists to find clues.
In fact, under optimal conditions, a human body or body part could theoretically remain in the ocean for as many as three decades, meaning that the feet may have been floating around for years.
More of a concept than a journalist, Tom Percival was forged in the bowels of Salford University from which he emerged grasping a Masters in journalism.
Since then his rise has been described by himself as 'meteoric' rising to the esteemed rank of Social Editor at UNILAD as well as working at the BBC, Manchester Evening News, and ITV.
He credits his success to three core techniques, name repetition, personality mirroring, and never breaking off a handshake.


text:
Elevated Math is an iPad app that teaches you math. It has over 150 math lessons in topics such as numbers, geometry, algebra, probability, SAT and more. There are also career-oriented videos featuring professionals who use math in their jobs.
- Numbers and Operations – 40 lessons on whole number operations, integers, fractions, decimals, factors, decimal operations, exponents, powers, computational fluency of fractions, ratio, proportion, and percent.
- Measurement – 12 lessons on attributes and tools (the units, systems, processes, applications of measurement, and estimation), and perimeter, area, and volume.
- Geometry – 22 lessons on points, lines, angles and triangles, characteristics of geometric shapes, coordinate geometry and spatial visualization, and transformation of shapes
- Algebra – 90 lessons covering the concepts found in a middle grade Algebra 1 class. Patterns are represented and analyzed, and linear functions are represented with tables, graphs, verbal rules, and symbolic rules. Nonlinear relationships are studied, as are polynomial, exponential, and rational functions. Expressions are manipulated and simplified, and equations and inequalities are solved. And much more…
- Data analysis and probability – 9 lessons include selecting and using appropriate statistical methods for data analysis, developing inferences and predictions based on data, and applying basic concepts of probability typically covered in grades 6-8.
I've spent a little time with Elevated Math, and, as a math teacher, I am rather impressed. Kids and adults alike can learn math with this app. Elevated Math Press also includes additional materials, like teacher notes and student study sheets, on their website for free.
If you pick this on up, let us know what you think! Screenshots after the break!
[Free, with in-app purchases - iTunes link]
Have an app you'd love to see featured on TiPb? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com, tell us about your app (include an iTunes link), and we'll take a look.
[gallery link="file" columns="2"]
We may earn a commission for purchases using our links. Learn more.


text:
AB vs ÍF
Match between AB and ÍF was played on 2019-08-11
AB vs ÍF Full Match. Watch full match online AB vs ÍF 2019-08-11 Meistaradeildin, we do our best to provide you only HD, high quality full match videos that are possible to view and watch on desktop, mobile and android devices. So this might be the best place to receive AB vs ÍF full match online with at no costs. All full match videos are working on tablet and IOS – Android but you might have to change to your PC for some as well. Watch replay AB vs ÍF Full Match should work best with Google Chrome Browser installed. All full match videos are manually checked every day. Enjoy AB vs ÍF Full Match replay!


text:
I love teaching about space! Maybe it's growing up in Florida, but there's just something about learning about what's beyond that gets me super excited! Space is not in our curriculum (BOO!) but I was able to work it in by using our weekly story, "The Moon", as a launching point. (Hehe- see what I did there ;)) Here are… Read More
Let's Rocket into Space!
We rocketed into Space this week and had a blast learning all about the Sun, stars, and planets! What kid doesn't like completing a few space activities? Haven't met one yet! I loved teaching about Space with my seconds ( you can read about that here!) , so I knew my Space Pack would be a perfect supplement to our… Read More
TBT: Space
I'd thought it'd be fun to do a "Throw Back" beautiful Thursday afternoon! This week we're working through my Space Unit using, "The Moon" as our close read. Here's a peek at what we did this time last year! Original Post date: 4/13/13 Whew! I've officially finished another week as a working mommy and guys- let me tell you… I… Read More
Ten Pin Linky Party- Science and Social Studies
Let's be honest for a second here… When you have sooooo much too teach in school day, the first things that fall to the wayside are Science and Social Studies! Such a shame!!! These are HIGH interest areas that present opportunities for full on "sneak attack" learning -you know the kind where kids are like… WOW! I am having fun…… Read More
Orange 'ya glad it's a Blog Hop?
It's a Blog Hop, FL style! Thanks for visiting our blog hop! I am the I got some AWESOME products I would love for you to check out! First up… SPACE! A few weeks ago, I posted about how we just completed our non-fiction packed Space Unit (you can see that post here) I've compiled all the activities and… Read More
Shhhh…. It's Five for Friday
Today I am linking up with Doodle Bugs for Five for Friday to share what we've been working on in our room this very quiet week! Here are my five random things! 1. FCAT! If you're a Florida teacher, then you've been immersed in FCAT this week. Although I teach 2nd grade (grades 3-5 are testing years) we've… Read More


text:
Archive for July 2016
CrossFit Grandpa Prank
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwnoHfWSAeg air max damen air max damenRead More
Moving Weekend Progress
Well, moving weekend is going great! We are working hard and have made some great progress! Matt and I still can't believe we got the space we are moving into. Thank you to everyone that has stopped by to help out. We would never get done in time without you! There are so many ideas…Read More


text:
If you really want the best people delivering the best results in your business, invest one hour of your time with Zeteo today...
The foundation of human performance is about having a keen understanding your people. Through individual analysis we are able to gather information, discover key traits, and gain an understanding of how each person is able to deliver their unique talents in the workplace.
At Zeteo we take a holistic approach to your human performance problems and look at a range of business factors to provide a customised solution that is right for you and your business environment.
At Zeteo we offer a highly customised program that is based on your business situation, environment, expectations and results. The Performance Zone is designed to follow a step-by-step guideline, but at each stage of the process we are able to customise our approach to your business requirements. That's because we know that every business and every performance issue has its own complexity and will involve different areas of focus. If your business is experiencing performance issues in one or more of the following areas then the Performance Zone is right for you:
The Performance Zone
The Performance Zone is a unique and revolutionary solution designed to effectively address performance problems that are affecting the success of your business. Our exclusive process measures both the practical and the emotional sides of the performance problem, providing a way forward that integrates the human elements, with the demands of the job, in the conditions of the environment. This creates on-going value for both the employee and the organisation that is not achievable by any other means. Program includes:


text:
Senhora da Guia Cascais Boutique Hotel has the ideal facilities and landscape to host individual events such as Christenings parties and Anniversaries. By always providing a top-rate and highly attentive service covering all details, each event will always be a personalised, positive and memorable experience.
Our hotel in Cascais qualified team of experienced professionals will supply everything necessary such as decoration, thematic cakes or children´s entertainment. Each event in Senhora da Guia Cascais Boutique Hotel is unique and has its own story!


text:
A showcase of winning short films by and/or about people with disabilities.
Click over to tpt.org/shows to watch your favorite TPT productions and PBS shows, anytime and anywhere.
Not only will this site work on your laptop or desktop computer, you'll also feel right at home on any modern smartphone or tablet. Stream away...
© 2019 Twin Cities Public Television


text:
|United States shale gas composition variations by component in volume percentages as of 2009
|Pipeline & Gas Journal
|Jul 2011
Start of full article - but without data
Examples of Variations in Shale Gas Compositions across
the U.S (X,X)
Shale Gases (X) (major components, before processing)
U.S. Component Mean Site Site Site Site Site (Volume %) Value (X) X X X X X
Methane XX.X XX.X XX.X XX.X XX.X XX.X Ethane X.X XX.X XX.X XX.X X.X X.X Propane X.X X.X X.X X.X X.X X.X Butane X.X Pentane X.X Carbon Dioxide X.X X.X X.X X.X X.X X.X Nitrogen X.X X.X X.X X.X X.X X.X Total Inerts X.X X.X X.X X.X X.X X.X (C[O.sub.X]+ [N.sub.X])
HHV (BTU/SCF) X,XXX X,XXX X,XXX X,XXX X,XXX XXX Specific Gravity X.XXX X.XXX X.XXX X.XXX X.XXX X.XXX Wobbe Number X,XXX X,XXX X,XXX X,XXX X,XXX X,XXX (BTU/SCF)
Shale Gases (X) (major components, before processing)
Component Site Site Site Site (Volume %) X X X X
Methane XX.X XX.X XX.X XX.X Ethane X.X XX.X X.X X.X Propane X.X X.X X.X X.X Butane Pentane Carbon Dioxide X.X X.X X.X X.X Nitrogen X.X X.X X.X X.X Total Inerts X.X X.X X.X X.X (C[O.sub.X]+ [N.sub.X])
HHV (BTU/SCF) X,XXX X,XXX X,XXX XXX Specific Gravity X.XXX X.XXX X.XXX X.XXX Wobbe Number X,XXX X,XXX X,XXX X,XXX (BTU/SCF)
Full article
Widespread exploitation of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques has made it possible to extract vast amounts of natural gas previously locked in shale formations throughout the United States. This relatively recent development has likely changed the domestic energy landscape for decades to come. Figure X illustrates just how quickly shale gas production and proven reserves have ramped up in recent years; Figure X shows the latest projections for domestic gas production through the year XXXX from the Energy Information Administration (EIA, the federal entity responsible for tracking energy production and consumption in the U.S. and worldwide).
Shale Gas Compositions
The production and transport of shale gas is posing some unique challenges for the natural gas industry. The existing infrastructure for producing and transporting "conventional" natural gas, which has been the norm for nearly the past XXX years, has been optimized to efficiently process and deliver gas that meets end-user requirements for heating value, hydrocarbon dew point, and contaminant content. Produced shale gases observed to date have shown a broad variation in compositional makeup, with some having wider component ranges, a wider span of minimum and maximum heating values, and higher levels of water vapor and other substances than pipeline tariffs or purchase contracts typically allow.
Table X presents some example shale gas compositions from a 2009 study. (X) These compositions were taken from shale plays that supply gas to the transmission network and end-users, including the Antrim, Barnett, Fayetteville, Haynesville, Marcellus, and New Albany plays. Table l also lists the historical mean values of these same components in pipeline-quality gases around the U.S. (X) (Note that none of the shale gas compositions listed in Table X were shown to contain butane or pentane (highlighted in yellow in Table X).
It is not known if these components were truly absent from the sample gases or, instead, the analyses were incomplete.) Some produced shale gases contain significantly higher amounts of ethane than the historical average of transmission-grade gas, while others have shown levels of diluents or hexanes and heavier hydrocarbons above historical averages. Not only are shale gases different from historical transmission-quality gases, they vary from one formation to another, and even within the same formation. Significant differences in levels of ethane, propane, hexane and heavier components, and diluents (primarily C[O.sub.X] and nitrogen) have been seen among the various shale formations. These, in turn, result in significant differences in the heating value, Wobbe number, and other parameters that guide end-use applications of natural gas.
Because of these variations in gas composition, each shale gas formation can have unique processing requirements for the produced shale gas to be marketable. Ethane can be removed by cryogenic extraction while carbon dioxide can be removed through a scrubbing process. However, it is not always necessary (or practical) to process shale gas to make its composition identical to "conventional" transmission-quality gases. Instead, the gas should be interchangeable with other sources of natural gas now provided to end-users. The interchangeability of shale gas with conventional gases is crucial to its acceptability and eventual widespread use in the U.S.
Concerns About Interchangeability
For most of the last decade, prior to the shale gas boom, natural gas demand in the U.S. exceeded conventional gas production and it appeared inevitable that the U.S. would be importing a significant quantity of LNG to meet future demand. With that prospect, there was growing concern that differences between the compositional makeup of imported LNG and conventionally produced natural gas would result in serious combustion efficiency and emissions problems at the burner tip. There was so much concern that the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) asked the Natural Gas Council and other interested parties to make recommendations on how to deal with the anticipated problem.
The parties approached by FERC (collectively known as NGC+) subsequently developed a White Paper (X) with interim recommendations for addressing limits on natural gas quality parameters to help ensure continued clean and efficient combustion of natural gas at the burner tip. Although the LNG import era is apparently waning, the gas composition challenges posed by an increasing amount of LNG in the gas supply stream have some similarities to those posed by shale gas.
The concept of natural gas "interchangeability," discussed extensively in the NGC+ White Paper, is what helps ensure clean and efficient combustion at the burner tip, regardless of the compositional makeup of the sources of gas that constitute the supply stream. The NGC+ White Paper defines interchangeability as "the ability to substitute one gaseous fuel for another in a combustion application without materially changing operational safety, efficiency, and performance or materially increasing air pollutant emissions."
Interchangeability is described in technically based quantitative measures, such as indices, that predict combustion efficiency, emissions, flame stability, and gas-fired equipment performance. These indices have demonstrated broad application to end uses, and can be applied without discrimination of either end-users or individual suppliers. The White Paper recommended interim guidelines on four indices of interest:
X. The Wobbe number for a given area (an index related to energy flow rate to a combustion device) should remain within [+ or -]X% of the local historical average or established target gas value, subject to a maximum limit of X,XXX Btu/scf.
X. The maximum recommended limit on heating value (energy content per unit volume of gas) is X,XXX Btu/scf.
X. The recommended upper limit on butanes and heavier hydrocarbons (CX+) is X.X mole %.
X. The maximum recommended amount of total inert components (C[O.sub.X], nitrogen, etc.) is X mole %.
However, rather than establish "hard and fast" gas quality specifications based on these interim guidelines, FERC established a gas quality policy (X) based on five principles:
X. Only quality and interchangeability specifications in FERC-approved gas tariffs can be enforced.
X. Gas quality provisions in tariffs must be flexible to accommodate evolving science, and to allow pipelines to balance safety and reliability with the importance of maximizing supply.
X. Pipelines and customers should develop gas quality provisions based on sound technical requirements.
X. Pipelines and customers should negotiate technical requirements based on the NGC+ interim guidelines.
X. FERC will consider gas quality disputes on a case-by-case basis.


text:
Nance Larson, Staff at EmpireKred continues to insist she's not a member of the "real" goon squad.
Of course one has to wonder why a social media company would have had a "goon squad" in the first place?
The "Goon squad" that attacked customers was first reported by Chris Voss of the Chris Voss Show in 2011 on his blog,
Empire Avenue Fail 5 post overview: Over 5 posts on my blogs I documented issues with Empire Avenue, from their rogue volunteers, running a "wall of shame" on Brands, attacking Brands reputations online, not answering complaints, having a "goon squad" of endorsed volunteers attacking customers who complained, refusing to discipline internally thereby encouraging more attacks on Brands, etc. What I witnessed was the worst travesty in the annals of customer service I have ever seen. After a month of private discussions with EA to change things, I went public. Only then did they begin to change, but the attacks on me and others grew by their "goon squad." In the end, I went to EA's Angel Investor and EA had to shut down its Chat Room and Chat Mod "goons squad." EA shamelessly has never apologized or produced it damning chat logs as promised by their CEO. This is one of those posts, you can read the rest by Search in the upper right for 'Empire.' Don't play EA or if you do save your REAL money.
A company is responsible for overseeing its reps and volunteers that are endorsed and sanctioned by the company, in making sure they are in line with a Company code of conduct. Let me ask you something, if you were to go into Walmart or Nordstoms, make a complaint with Customer Service would you expect or allow yourself to continually be attacked and bullied by their Company volunteer staff? Then over a month it continues and gets worse the more you complain? I'm warning everyone with no question to avoid Empire Avenue. If your Brand comes under the ire of one of their rogue Chat Mods, Empire Avenue can't protect the bashing of your Brand and doesn't seem to care in my opinion. I'm telling people to run from this company, keep your money or ask for a refund. This is a perfect example of a social media fail everyone should be blogging about and making lesson plans on!
Now it's my opinion that any Leader, team leader and subsequently staff member that fails to stop the doxing and vicious attacks on another customer, and participates herself is solidly a member of a "goon squad."
For her part, Nance Larson, a retired banker, claims to have not known what doxing was at the time she participated in the act.
That the "goon squad" of 2011 isn't composed of the same people as in 2014 or 2015 is immaterial.
It's the pattern of conduct exhibited by customers ("goon squad") and subsequent to 4/2014 leaders and team leaders (Nance Larson) that firmly establishes the "goon squad" mentality prevalent at Empire Avenue.
Those same leaders and Team Leader (now Staff, Nance Larson) remain at EmpireKred in positions of authority.
Would you entrust your limited advertising budget to a company that has a history of having a "goon squad"?
Gareth Davies, leader at EmpireKred, was suspended by Twitter for tweeting the private information of a customer of Empire Avenue, and violent threasts toward that same customer.
Chris Sandys, leader at EmpireKred, was warned by Twitter for non violent threats.
Keith Gill, AKA Digitalkeith, was moderated by instagram for cyberbullying, and had his twitter account locked (replaced indefinite suspension).
Nance Larson failed to stop all these acts, and participated in the doxing of a customer.
Nance Larson is an utter failure as a leader in failing to protect customers from the abuse of others and for actively participating in it.
For this, she is solidly a "goon squad" member in my opinion.


text:
A 90 second project has been on the back burner for a while. Actually, I want to set up a tripod and be in the photos with both my boys. But when I uploaded the photos from this morning for next week's This Week in Photos post, I realized I had the perfect compilation. We spent part of the morning at the new Crestwood playground. They included this amazing double baby swing, where you can swing with your kiddo instead of standing there for ridiculously long periods of time pushing them!
All these photos are SOOC (straight out of camera) which can be a little overwhelming to share!!! I was shooting Mav with my 35mm lens while sitting where Kane was sitting in the previous image. My settings were ISO 250, f/7.1, 1/500, in the hopes that I could freeze our movement and still hit focus, while clinging to the swing with one hand and pumping with my legs. And in trying to keep my promise to myself to not shoot personal work in auto white balance, my white balance was set to 5050 Kelvin. Best guess!
This is what 90 seconds (okay, fine…98 seconds) looks like in Maverick's life. He was having a bit of a Mavrage, until I got on the swing with him and then…well, see for yourself.
I love his hair. I love his facial expressions. I love this kid! Even though he's just about two and clearly showing it almost every minute of the day! I have a plan for how I want to print some of these and I don't think I'm going to do any editing on them. They aren't perfect…but they are. You know?


text: Check Details on Dealer Sales & Service for Honda Bikes in Muniguda, Odisha. Phone Number, Address and pin code, E-mail ID and Mobile numbers. Dealer Deals in – Honda CBR 250R, CBR150R, Unicorn, Trigger, Stunner, Shine, Dream Yuga, Honda Activa, Neo, Aviator, Dio, Activa 125. Dealer Network : Odisha (Muniguda) Name & Address Pincode Phone […] Read more


text:
How to sell and rent out your property faster and better
Jakobs real estate Berlin sell and rent your Home, Flat, plot and Store
Save energy, time and money, while we do the work for you as your multilingual real estate agent in Berlin and Europe. Benefit also by the individual real estate value appraisement, free of charge and non-binding for you. Our real estate agent service is in general costless for any seller and for renters of business premises. Jakobs real estate work since 1993 as real estate broker. Specialist knowledge, experience, worldwide contacts ensure the success in real estate sales and renting. Customer ratings confirm, that Jakobs real estate place value on a solid, reliable, efficient and likeable way of working.


text:
What the Health: A nutrition student breaks it down for us
Before viewing What the Health, I had some idea of what to expect from a film that some critics have called a distortion of the truth. As someone who studied nutrition in college I expected to watch with a skeptical, even detached, eye. So I was unprepared for how disheartening it was to watch the sheer volume of footage about seldom spoken about practices on factory farms. I know a number of people who have given up eating meat as a result of watching this film, which was released last year. Now I know why.
The documentary challenges conventional thinking about the place of animal protein in our diets. I can relate to this. In my college nutrition classes there was never much emphasis on the negative impacts of a diet high in animal products. The most important meat-related message was to limit saturated fats in our diet, which are mainly found dairy and meat, because they are not a necessary nutrient.
"The most compelling part of the movie is how it reveals evidence of a plant-based diet's power to prevent and reverse many diet and lifestyle related diseases."
The amount of protein we need, and the importance of getting it from meat and dairy, is the most misleading notion Americans have been fed, according to the movie. Not only don't we need animal protein to be healthy, but sufficient amounts can be found in almost all other non-animal foods (vegetables, grains, legumes). When you sit down to eat an eight-ounce piece of chicken, not only are you exceeding your daily protein needs by nearly half in one sitting, you're also missing out on a bunch of essential nutrients from non-animal foods you could have eaten instead.
I understand where this misunderstanding comes from. Nutrition education in American public universities is based on science from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Its affiliate, the USDA, uses that science to create MyPlate, which shapes the American diet. MyPlate guidelines never exactly says "eat meat for protein." But it isn't exactly saying, "please cut back on meat" either. When the USDA says, "eat protein," people turn to meat.
The USDA has also done a good job of convincing us that cow's milk is the key to growing healthy and strong bones. According to the many studies cited in the movie, that just isn't true. In fact, there's good evidence to suggest those who consume cow's milk are actually more prone to broken and fractured bones. That's because milk consumption is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, thus weakening our bones. Of course, we need calcium and vitamin D to build strong bones. We just don't need to get these nutrients from milk.
"I wish something like this had been introduced into my college classrooms to force a deeper, more comprehensive conversation among dietetic and nutrition majors."
For me, the most compelling part of the movie is how it reveals evidence of a plant-based diet's power to prevent and reverse many diet and lifestyle related diseases. In fact, consumption of animal products has been linked in many studies to various cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. It also presents a number of cases of people who've managed to reverse these diseases with a plant-based diet.
One major argument against giving up or cutting back on meat is vitamin B-12, which is found in animals. However, it is needed in very small amounts for proper bodily functioning, plus it's actually better to get it from fortified foods, such as cereal or vitamins, since those aren't packaged with unhealthy amounts of saturated fats, or any of the other adverse effects of eating meat. This is essentially what the documentary is getting at—that the science suggests we limit animal products, yet our health organizations and practitioners aren't enforcing that idea.
Director Kip Anderson does exaggerate, or at least misinterpret, at least a few of the scientific findings behind the effects of eating animals. For example, a review by Vox highlights Anderson's claim that eating an egg a day is equivalent to smoking five cigarettes. In fact, the effect eggs have on our cholesterol isn't as detrimental as once presumed. But despite the occasional exaggerated findings, the movie does an effective job drawing a parallel between the average American diet and the suffering and serious health problems experienced by the average American, especially later in life.
The movie affirmed for me many things I already know about health and nutrition. In the last few years I've weaned myself off a high-meat, high-protein diet, and it has been very good for me. I feel better, sleep better, think more clearly and, in general, have a much better relationship with food. So the documentary didn't change my thinking about the importance of a plant-based diet.
The movie did make me think more broadly about the devastating environmental and social impacts of the meat industry in America. And it made me wish something like this had been introduced into my college classrooms to force a deeper, more comprehensive conversation among dietetic and nutrition majors. I know it would have made many of us see food as not just a personal choice, but a social one. One that has the power to impact the world around us in more ways than many of us sitting in those classrooms could have guessed.


text:
Overview: Jewish Responses to Material Challenges
Having described the context within which Jewish life in medieval western Christendom developed—the diverse forces that encouraged, limited, and opposed the Jews, we must now proceed to examine the Jewish experience from within, to identify the challenges presented to the Jews in western Christendom on both the material and spiritual planes, their responses to these challenges, and the legacy they left to their successors.
Perhaps the most striking feature of Jewish life during our period was the growing mobility of the Jews and the adventurous spirit that moved some of them to seek new areas in which to settle.
While the roots of southern European Jewry were old, during our period some Jews broke the prior boundaries of prior Jewish settlement and ventured forth into previously unsettled areas of northern Europe. The process of moving in search of new opportunities continued all through the medieval centuries. The Jews of northern France were willing to respond to the overtures of the Norman duke turned English king and to venture westward into England. Jews of the German lands were enticed into settling further eastward, at the behest of rulers like the dukes and kings of Poland and Hungary. To be sure, eventually some of the mobility of the Jews of medieval Europe was forced upon them, as a result of the banishments already noted. However, even those Jews who suffered expulsion benefited from the initiative of prior Jews who had opened up new territories for Jewish settlement.
Jewish mobility involved more than simply moving from domain to domain. Even within particular domains, Jews tended to fan out in search of economic opportunity. Where Jews specialized economically, especially in northern Europe, there were normally limitations to the number of merchants or moneylenders that any given town could absorb. Thus, the relatively abundant evidence for twelfth- and thirteenth-century English and northern-French Jewry shows steady movement from initial centers of Jewish settlement, usually in major towns, out into lesser
and outlying towns. This is a reflection of the ongoing Jewish quest for new markets in which to ply their limited business affairs.
As noted, the great horizontal divide in Europe had major implications for its Jews, especially in the sphere of economic activity. The Jews of the south, long-time residents of the Italian peninsula, southern France, and the Iberian peninsula, show considerable diversity in their economic outlets. This is particularly true for the Jews who had lived under Muslim rule in the southern parts of the Italian and Iberian peninsulas and were eventually absorbed into the Christian sphere through conquest. Under Muslim rule, these Jews had occupied almost every rung on the economic ladder, from the lowest to the highest. At the top of the ladder stood Jewish physicians
and bankers—economically well-off and often connected closely to the ruling court. As these Jewish communities passed from Muslim to Christian rule, change was slow to take place, although excessive Jewish political influence regularly elicited ecclesiastical condemnation.
With the changes in the European economy during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the Jews of southern Europe began to specialize in money-lending, as had happened already among their northern co-religionists. While the level of specialization in the south never reached the same proportions as in the north, money-lending increasingly became the mainstay of Jewish economic activity across southern Europe as well. The phenomenon of well-placed Jews at the royal courts was maintained to an extent, despite constant ecclesiastical pressures. Even down to the end of Jewish life in Christian Spain, Jewish courtiers continued on the scene, making final and futile efforts to turn back the tide running against themselves and their fellow-Jews.
In northern Europe, the economic situation was quite different. Jews came into the north to fill limited economic niches and were never successful in diversifying into a broader range of economic activities. Initially, the northern European Jews came as merchants involved in trade, both long range and more circumscribed. With the passage of time, these Jews moved into money-lending, to fill the vacuum created by the rapidly expanding European economy coupled with the Church's assault on Christian usury. Given the early Jewish specialization in trade, including
occasionally selling on credit, it is not surprising that Jews should have been well prepared to move into the money-lending business. As noted already, money-lending was carried on at a variety of levels, from the paltriest to the most extensive and profitable.
Evidence for the centrality of money-lending in the Jewish economy of northern Europe abounds. The extensive royal French legislation of the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries—when it addresses Jewish economic issues—deals exclusively with money-lending. Indeed, the mid-twelfth-century defender of the Jews during the Second Crusade, Bernard of Clairvaux, used the term judaizare (to behave like a Jew) for Christians engaged in money-lending, suggesting that in the eyes of many Jews and money-lending were synonymous. We have already noted the extent to which Jewish money-lending dominates the German charters of the mid-thirteenth century. Finally, we have also seen that the justifications for the expulsions of late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries revolved around Jewish money-lending, the evils that allegedly flowed from it, and the inability of the authorities to halt these purportedly harmful Jewish practices. To be sure, there is no reason to assume that all northern-European Jews were involved initially in trade and then subsequently in money-lending. Jews undoubtedly made their living in alternative ways. What does seem likely is that the economic backbone of the community—the avenue pursued by the
majority of Jews and the avenue to economic success for the magnates of the community—lay first in trade and then in banking.
In the north, the southern pattern of well-placed Jews—a legacy of the period of Muslim rule—never developed. Individuals Jews of great wealth, generated by success in the banking arena, did have contact with and a measure of influence over the authorities, but they were never integrated into court life as happened in the south. Perhaps the best known of the wealthy Jews of northern Europe was Aaron of Lincoln, who amassed an extraordinary fortune through his wide-ranging business operations. Aaron dealt with the broadest possible variety of clients, ranging
through the many levels of the Church and the nobility and up to the monarchy itself. At the time of his death, his vast holdings were confiscated by the king, with a special bureau of the royal exchequer established to deal solely with Aaron's estate.
Jewish life in medieval western Christendom was grounded in economic activities that were perceived as useful by the ruling class and were at the same time profitable to the Jews themselves. For Jewish life to be maintained in areas of old settlement and to take root in areas of new settlement, effective Jewish communal organization was vital as well. The Jews of medieval western Christendom had to create the mechanisms through which relations with the rulers who were the mainstay of Jewish support could be properly channeled. The Jewish communal structure also had to include the necessary apparatus for support of group and individual life internally within the Jewish community.
As noted, the rulers of medieval western Christendom were committed to Jewish settlement out of broad concern for the economy of their domains and out of narrower concern for their own coffers. Actualizing revenue from the Jews devolved heavily—albeit not exclusively—upon the Jewish communal organizations. Thus, the first responsibility of the Jewish self-governing apparatus involved negotiating—to the extent possible—tax levies and then allocating the tax burden within the Jewish community. Each of these activities was significant and fraught with difficulties. The Jews of medieval western Christendom were of course concerned with minimizing their tax burden. The responsibility for carrying on negotiations with the governing authorities fell to the leadership of the Jewish community. The second function was equally important. The Jewish community as a whole was concerned to minimize its tax burden; individual Jewish families were moved by the same desire, the wish to make their own family and personal burdens as light as possible. The leadership of the Jewish community had to devise tax apportionment arrangements that would be simultaneously effective and fair.
The leaders of the Jewish community played an important role in mitigating the burdens imposed by the authorities and then fulfilling the demands imposed by these authorities. At the same time, they bore responsibility for representing Jewish concerns well beyond tax levies. The authorities of both state and church were key to Jewish safety, and the communal leadership had to arouse these authorities to fulfillment of their responsibilities. Maintaining good relations with the rulers of Europe and the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church and turning to these two sets of authorities in times of peril was a major responsibility of the Jewish leadership.
Numerous instances of Jewish intervention with the governing authorities are available, some successful and some unsuccessful. As the crisis of 1096 developed, with early assaults in Speyer and Worms, the leadership of the Jewish community of Mainz negotiated effectively with the archbishop and his courtiers, who made the following suggestion- "Bring all your moneys into our treasury and into the treasury of the archbishop. Then you and your wives and your children and all your retinue bring into the courtyard of the bishop. Thus will you be able to be saved from the crusaders." The Jewish chronicler of these negotiations is unsure as to the seriousness of the Christian side to these negotiations. He first suggests that this was actually a ploy to deliver the Jews to the crusaders; he then indicates that the Christian intentions were in fact serious, but that the defenders proved incapable. The new allegation of Jewish murder in the French town of Blois in 1171, which we have earlier noted, elicited immediate and effective Jewish intervention in many directions, culminating in a successful meeting with the king of France himself. The king is described in the surviving Jewish letter as moved by the Jewish pleas and angered by the arbitrary anti-Jewish actions of the Count of Blois; he reassured the frightened Jews that the charge backed by the count of Blois would never be accepted in his domain.
Jewish leaders likewise intervened with the leadership of the Church on numerous occasions. A curious narrative—of questionable veracity—tells of an effort at forced conversion in early-eleventh-century northern France, which moved a leader of that community to make his way to the papal court in Rome. Purportedly aided by the Jews of Rome, this Jew supposedly obtained an audience with the pope and elicited a document of protection that included basic stipulation of the later Constitutio pro Judeis. Far better documented are later Jewish interventions with the
papacy in the face of the new anti-Jewish allegations and in the wake of the French condemnation and prohibition of the Talmud. As we have seen, the Jewish negotiations produced papal insistence on return of the Talmud to the Jews, with offending materials deleted. Such interventions with the officials of church and state were critical to Jewish well-being in medieval Europe.
The leadership of the Jewish communities bore heavy responsibility for life within the Jewish community as well. The role of government in medieval Europe was minimal, confined to protection from outside assault, maintenance of peace and order internally, and dispensing of justice. While protection from assault was a responsibility the lay authorities of medieval western Christendom bore with respect to their Jewish clients, maintenance of peace and order within the Jewish community and dispensing justice was normally delegated to the leadership of the Jewish
community. For many reasons, medieval Jews welcomed these burdens.
Key to maintenance of internal order within the Jewish communities of medieval western Christendom was the Jewish court system. With roots in biblical and talmudic traditions, the medieval Jewish court system was well grounded and deeply respected. Jews were often formally accorded the right to have their internal quarrels litigated by the Jewish courts, operating of course on the principles of talmudic law. Such privileges were deeply appreciated Seeking to undermine in any way the power of the Jewish court system was a heinous offense in medieval Jewish
communal life. Since there were those who occasionally had independent connections to non-Jewish rulers, exploiting those connections to the detriment of the organized Jewish community constituted a major danger, was deeply resented, and was heavily criticized.
Social needs, educational needs, and of course religious needs fell into the province of the Church for the Christian majority. For the small Jewish minority, these responsibilities too fell upon the Jewish communal apparatus. To be sure, the Jews welcomed these responsibilities as well, again out of the sense that they were in fact mandated by Jewish tradition. The Jewish community organizations of medieval western Christendom had to provide a network of social services. Jewish communities all across Europe created a variety of modalities for support of wayfarers, the poor, the aged, and the infirm. These agencies operated as constituent elements within the Jewish communal structure and as separate charitable operations funded through private donations. Again, in the polemical give-and-take in which Christians and Jews sought to identify aspects of superiority, Jews regularly cited the largesse of Jewish care for those in need, contrasting Jewish successes with what was perceived as Christian callousness in dealing with those in need.
Jewish educational needs likewise had to be addressed by the organized Jewish community. Here,there were major differences between larger and smaller Jewish communities, with the former able to create more formal schooling structures and the latter forced to deal more informally with educational needs. Schooling was for males only, with instruction focused on Hebrew and Bible for younger students and then proceeding to rabbinic literature for more advanced students. In the early stages of the development of northern-European Jewry, advanced schools seem to have developed around the figures of especially revered scholars. Interestingly, in the wake of the crisis that struck
Iberian Jewry at the end of the fourteenth and the early years of the fifteenth century, major communal reform focused considerably on strengthening the educational system, reflecting awareness of the importance of schooling for the well-being of the community and the maintenance of Jewish identity.
The religious needs of the community were of course paramount. The demands of Jewish law created the need for a wide range of facilities—synagogues, cemeteries, kosher butcher shops, and a ritual bathhouse among others. In many instances, these needs were even recognized by the non-Jewish authorities. We recall the grant by the bishop of Speyer of land for a Jewish cemetery, as part of his generous charter of invitation to new Jewish settlers. Beyond facilities, there was a parallel need for professional communal personnel—rabbis, teachers, ritual slaughterers, and
scribes. As was true for facilities, so too support of these professionals was an obligation of the organized Jewish community. In some instances, these professionals—especially the rabbis—were highly esteemed; in other instances, they were not.
Who exercised authority within the organized Jewish community? There were basically two avenues to authority within the Jewish fold. The first was socio-economic power, and the second was the religious authority of the rabbis. Wealthy Jews—as in all eras of Jewish and general history—exercised considerable power. Wealth meant the likelihood of some connection to the majority power structure; it also meant bearing a heavy portion of the Jewish community's tax burden; finally, it meant serving as employer or patron to many Jews within the community. The
nature of Jewish religious life propelled the rabbis into a position of power as well. Since the Jews of our period were deeply committed to living life in consonance with the dictates of Jewish law, expertise in that law was the key to religious authority. Generally the two leadership groups lived comfortably with one another; on occasion, friction could and did develop.
By and large, the Jewish community structures were effective throughout our period, both in terms of relating to the non-Jewish authorities and in providing for the internal communal needs of the Jews of medieval western Christendom. There is a last achievement that slips over into the realm of Jewish spiritual life and that is exceedingly difficult to document. As we shall see shortly, the Jews of medieval western Christendom were under constant religious pressure exerted by the aggressive Christian majority. Maintenance of Jewish identity was no simple matter, and we shall examine the diverse ways in which the religious and intellectual elite of European Jewry met this challenge. By and large, Jewish identity was successful maintained. While we cannot trace the ways in which the cohesive Jewish community structure contributed to the maintenance of Jewish identity, we are justified in assuming that Jews wrestling with the pressures of Christian society found profound support in family and community.
Contrary to popular imagery, fostered by Renaissance and Enlightenment rejection of the medieval order, the period between 1000 was characterized by rapid change and growth. For the Jews of medieval western Christendom, this meant above all else the need for constant adaptation. The large Jewish settlements in southern Europe had to make a difficult transition from Muslim rule and civilization to Christian domination and civilization. The smaller Jewish settlements of the south, already living under Christian rule, had to adjust to the ever-changing circumstances forced
upon them by rapid development in their home areas. Perhaps the most radical adaptation was faced by the Jews who made their way northward into areas of entirely new Jewish settlement, leaving behind the known and the familiar. In fact, the adaptations necessary for these Jews was yet more demanding, involving initially transition to an entirely new environment and then ongoing adaptation to the rapidly changing circumstances of northern-European society.
The Jews of medieval western Christendom showed remarkable adaptability in meeting their ever-shifting circumstances. To be sure, all did not work out well. The directions that sectors—the most advanced sectors in fact—of medieval western Christendom took entailed rejection of the Jews once warmly welcomed. However, these failures need not be laid at the doorsteps of the Jews themselves. Adaptability has its limitations, and adaptable humans can sometimes be overwhelmed by circumstances beyond their control.
This leads to the final question to be raised at this point. Were the Jews who opted to remain in place as their home areas fell under Christian rule and those who opted to make their way into western Christendom ultimately misguided? Did they make a monumental error of judgment? Would they have better served their own interests and the interests of Jewish history by opting for the Islamic sector of the medieval world? These kinds of questions normally fall outside the boundaries of historical inquiry. Nonetheless, two observations are in order. First, it is problematic to judge individuals and communities through hindsight. With considerable humility, we should
accord genuine respect to actors on the historical stage. The Jews who opted for western Christendom can hardly be judged as fools, despite some of the untoward developments that overtook them and their community. The case for western Christendom was obviously compelling to them, and we must respect that judgment.
Beyond this respectful stance, we can also conclude that the Jews who opted for western Christendom out of admiration for its vitality and dynamism were hardly proved wrong. Medieval western Christendom in fact made its way to the apex of Western civilization, dominating the Western world from the late Middle Ages down to the present. Thus, the decision made in favor of western Christendom—despite the many negative developments of the late Middle Ages and the modern period as well—looks in retrospect reasonable. Put differently, the major achievement of the Jews of medieval western Christendom was to effect the transition from the declining Islamic
milieu to the ascendant Christian orbit. Difficulties notwithstanding, transferring the center of world Jewish population to western Christendom placed the medieval Jews and their modern successors at the heart of the most advanced sectors of the globe. Without any possibility of understanding the eventual ramifications of their individual decisions, the Jews who opted for the Christian sphere made a vital contribution to the future of the Jewish people.


text:
Early 20th century
This cabinet has the size and characteristics to suit a number of interior design settings. If you're exploring bedroom ideas then this can easily fit in adding contrast to modern furniture. Authentic handmade furniture always adds interest to home decor. The combination of drawers and shelf make it practical and functional.
It would be equally at home in the living room providing additional storage where the butterfly fittings symbolising long life could be admired by everyone when they enter the room. Surprise your friends by showing the ingenious design of doors nestled snugly in chrysanthemum shaped brackets and that can be easily taken down to put larger items inside.


text:
122cm x 183cm Trellis Shag Rug
Made in: Turkey
Design: Trellis Shag Collection
Pile Material: Made of 100% Micro Polyester (very soft)
Brand new
Easy-to-clean, stain resistant, and does not shed
Colors include: Gray, . The primary colour is Gray.
Pile Height: 3/4"
Size FT: 4' 0" x 6' 0"
Size CM: 122 cm x 183 cm


text:
CHATHAM — Most Glenwood High School students will receive pass-fail credit for correspondence courses — rather than grades that count toward grade-point averages — through a revised policy approved by the Ball-Chatham Board of Education.
CHATHAM — Most Glenwood High School students will receive pass-fail credit for correspondence courses — rather than grades that count toward grade-point averages — through a revised policy approved by the Ball-Chatham Board of Education.
Some parents contend the change, which had been debated for months, will hurt students' chances on college admissions and scholarship applications because the grades will no longer be factored into the students' high school GPA. Supporters say the change is needed to discourage students from taking correspondence courses just to boost their grade-point average and to encourage students to take classes at Glenwood.
GHS dean of students Todd Graba said the guidance department would abide by the 4-3 vote of the board last week in favor of the change, which neither the guidance department nor the administration recommended.
"Allowing only pass-fail may not accurately reflect the work a student puts into a correspondence class," Graba said.
Glenwood recognizes correspondence classes offered through the University of Missouri and Indiana University online high schools. Students take exams in a monitored classroom at Glenwood or at the university offering the class.
Parent Kim Werth said pass-fail grading "doesn't make sense."
Her daughter, Hannah, received approval earlier this year to take a pre-calculus correspondence course as a junior for a grade through the University of Missouri. Approval was given prior to the policy change.
Hannah, who has a volleyball scholarship to the University of Nebraska, is graduating early next year from Glenwood. Nebraska requires athletes who graduate from high school early to have four years of math.
"This isn't about a student trying to get ahead in class rank," Kim Werth said of her daughter seeking approval for the online pre-calculus class. "It is about meeting a requirement of the college she'll attend."
Increasing numbers of students with athletic scholarships are opting to graduate from high school early in order to get a head-start on college, Werth said, adding that the University of Missouri would not allow Hannah to take the correspondence class pass-fail.
Carly Hunt, a sophomore this fall at GHS, will take an online correspondence class in Latin from Brigham Young University, said her father, Jeff Hunt. She and another GHS student received approval from the Ball-Chatham board to take Latin for a grade prior to the new policy being enacted. Both are interested in medical careers and could be helped by taking Latin.
Jeff Hunt said the family might seek another exception in a year that would allow Carly to continue more Latin correspondence courses for a grade. He added that excluding correspondence courses from students' GPAs could make it harder for them to get into certain colleges or to get scholarships.
However, counting correspondence classes toward a student's GPA also sets up the potential for students to take correspondence classes solely to boost their grade-point averages, school board president Patrick Hansen said.
"Students can list correspondence classes on their resumes and college applications," he said.
Board member Joe Hartzler also noted that allowing correspondence classes for grades could discourage students from taking classes at Glenwood.
Rochester High School is among area schools that do not allow correspondence grades to count toward a student's GPA.
Some students at Sacred Heart-Griffin took Latin through an online course in a monitored classroom, and the students' grades counted toward their GPAs, principal Sister Margaret Joanne Grueber said.
Debra Landis can be reached at 483-4352.


text:
Luxury detached villa located on a spacious plot, in a sought after area close the bay and village of San Juan de los Terreros. Contact us now to reserve!! Offering great views of the village, mountains and area, yet just a short walk from the beach, shops and restuarants. Set behind private gates, this luxury 3 bedroom, 2 bathroom home immaculately constructed will be delivered to the new owners towards the end of 2019. Giving the owner time to work with the builder to change any finer detail to make the home their perfect dream. The perfect home for full time living or rental. Once you enter the gates into the private plot, you will fall in love. The gates are at the back of the house, offering easy access to the driveway and garage of 145m2. And also secure off road parking. A pathway leads around the house to the swimming pool that is located in a private space at the front overlooking the village, next to the terrace with it beautiful well kept garden and swimming pool for the whole family to enjoy. The property is on 3 levels, the garage underneath with access to the house with a staircase, the ground floor level is all living space, with 3 great sized bedroos, each with fittes wardrobes, two bathrooms. An open plan kithen, with living and dining area leading out onto the terrace and swimming pool area with shower to the side. There are different terraces with covered seating areas to enjoy the outside all year round. An external staircase leads to the roof terrace with great views and of course sunshine all year long.
More about the area: With a lovely microclimate, a place where the sunshines almost all year round, with good temperatures. Stunning scenery, contrasting mountains against the green fields and sandy beaches. The Beaches – You will find a whole host of beaches, Mar Serena, Mar Rabiosa, Calipso, Blue flag beaches. La Higuerica, and La Carolina, as well as the coves of Tía Antonia, Cala Cuartel y Cala Cerrada, 'La Entrevista' and 'Los Nardos'. Safe for the whole family and Disabled access. Offering snorkelling and diving to enjoy under the sea as well as above it. Golf courses – Aguilón Golf is just 2km away, while Desert Springs, Marina de la Torre and Valle de Este Golf can all be found not too far away. Amenities – Numerous Bars and beach front bar/chiringuito, and a new commercial centre offering, bars, restaurants, shops, super market and gym facilities, classes of pilate, body fitness, running club and more. Open all year round, San Juan de los Terreros has facilities covering all the basic daily needs including Medical Center and Pharmacy. Finally, a short drive you will find; Pulpi and also Aguilas, with its diverse commercial centers and range of services associated with a much larger town is a short car journey away. Trains run locally making the area accessible to all without the need for a car. 1 hour from Almeria airport, 45 minutes from Murcia airport & 1,5 hours from Alicante. In addition a new highway connects directly with Cartagena and La Manga del Mar Menor.
Swimming Pool
Air Conditioning
Water Supply
Electricity Supply
Close to Golf
+34 950 466 112


text:
As promised -- here is the first of the series of responses for the "interviews" with monitors. I hope you enjoy the series and please do not hesitate to leave comments or provide feedback for topics you would like to see in future posts.
1. What is your name?
Adam August
Adam August
2. When did you start coming to Lillstreet?
November 2007 Karen Avery Wednesday morning class
3. What brought/brings you to Lillstreet?
For me Lillstreet is a place with endless possibilities. A place to get messy and make as much art as you want. Also it has a great social life as well.
4. What is the nature of your clay work -- functional or sculptural?
5. What is your process? Do you sketch, prototype and conceptualize? etc.
Wheel thrown clay, sometimes altered and almost always soda-fired.
6. What or who influence your work?
Chris Gustin is my favorite ceramic artist. I love his forms and colors.
7. Do you work with other medium besides clay?
I am a Motion Graphic Designer for my career. I use digital media to create graphic design and animation for videos and live events.
8. What are your duties as a monitor?
I am a Soda Monitor. I am part of the team that fires the soda kiln and maintains the soda program.
9. If there's one thing you absolutely have to inform the Lillstreet clay community that would make your work easier, what would it be?
Learn as much as you can about soda-firing by signing up for the loading, firing and unloading of the soda kiln. By being involved with and seeing what everyone's work looks like going in, and then seeing the work coming out, you can learn a lot about what you like and don't like, or what worked and didn't work.


text:
We are thrilled to announce that the Albumism family is expanding once again with the addition of Chris Powers. Chris brings a fresh and impassioned perspective to our team, and our readers are sure to enjoy his musings across a variety of musical styles and genres. We're excited to read much more from Chris in the future, and encourage our readers to check out his debut article, a wonderful retrospective tribute to Metallica's debut album Kill 'Em All (1983) in conjunction with its 35th anniversary.
More about Chris:
Chris lives for the thrill of exciting and dangerous music. A former east coaster who's now a west coaster, Chris has been avidly following new music since the days he spent camped over his boombox to make countless mixtapes. While punk and metal are the sounds that excite him the most, Chris has an unyielding soft spot for country, R&B, and hip-hop. He became a music writer to spread the love he feels from listening to his favorite songs, and honestly, he's pretty decent at it. Give him an ear to gush about his favorite songs from Japan, and he'll probably become your best friend. Ingenious and ingobernable. Follow Chris on Twitter via @ChrisCrash00
Chris' 5 Favorite Albums of All Time:
The Damned | Machine Gun Etiquette (1979)
The Marked Men | On The Outside (2004)
Metallica | Ride The Lightning (1984)
Ringo Sheena | Shōso Strip (2000)
X-Ray Spex | Germfree Adolescents (1978)


text:
Are specialists in family law and mediation located in Galway. If you want to pursue a constructive resolution with your partner, we offer clients both family law and mediation services to help families come through a family breakdown with their dignity, their privacy and their finances conserved for their future benefit.
1st Galway Solicitors to set up to practice exclusively in family law – to offer a comprehensive family law service which is not compromised by servicing any other area of law – because we believe very particular skillset, focus and system is necessary to ensure successful outcomes for our clients.
Our clients are embarking on a most stressful and life-changing transition. Never before have they been confronted with such fear – fear of not having a roof over their head, fear of running out of money, fear of being duped financially, fear of permanent damage to children, fear of losing the day to day relationship with their children.
We work with clients who want realistic reasonable solutions.
Our priority at all times is to protect clients from getting caught in an adversarial family law case that eats up precious financial resources and escalates tension and bad feeling
Our approach supports couples who are trying hard to make their separation work as co-parents and wish to minimise the damage to children and who want to move on as efficiently and painlessly as possible.
Brid is very astute and thorough when it comes to financial matters and insists on full financial disclosure. She is very keen to come to an early settlement if at all possible in order to minimise costs.
An excellent solicitor…. her work was top class …very approachable and professional…..
Proven experience within his specialist field….brought my initial Court proceedings to a swift conclusion. ….
Bríd's calm matter of fact manner, her knowledge and willingness to listen … combined with her confidence in the field of family law made me feel a huge weight had been lifted off my shoulders …
Brid will leave no stone unturned to find a fair and balanced solution for her client….
Bríd kept the focus on the practicalities during a very emotional time for me and was efficient and transparent in all her dealings.
Brid's attention to detail is impressive…. things I would not have thought of .. very professional, clear as to what outcome I could expect
Explains procedures clearly, keeping on top of case and pushing it on
I want to thank you most sincerely for the professional way you handled my case and your outstanding performance in court.
Very satisfactory result
Brid was amazing. I am delighted I stood my ground
Great positive results. Great knowledge and understanding of family law
Very quick progress has been made – Very efficient and great worthwhile advice while I went through the mediation process
Manifold Solicitors were solution focused, constructive and highly efficient and professional…


text:
12 – 15 Oreo mini packets, blend till fine – base
125 g butter, melted
21 whole Oreo original, blend coarsely
500 g philadelphia cream cheese, at room temperature (Neufchatel is fine)
2/3 cup sugar
1 Tsp vanilla beans with seeds extract
3 large eggs, room temperature, lightly beaten
500 g ricotta cheese
50 ml water if necessary
Preheat oven 160 deg. Greased and line parchment paper at the bottom of pan. To make the base; pour the blended cookies into a bowl and add the melted butter. Then press all the blended finely cookies down on to the pan. Use a tablespoon and press and smooths the cookies so that they are even and no gap. Refridgerate it for 1 hour.
Beat cream cheese, gradually add sugar, vanilla beans while beating continuously. Scrap down the sides if needed. Add ricotta and continue process until smooth. Add egg one at a time, process until well combined.
Dont over beat as it will incorporates air into the batter, causing cheesecake to puff up and then collapse. Finally add the coarsely blend oreo with a big spoon; stiring them in. At this stage if too thick, add some water if not dont worry about water. Spoon batter into prepared pan.
Position pan in the centre rack. Bake rotating pan halfway through until filling is set for 40-50 minutes. Provide a moist baking environment for your cheesecake by placing a small tray of hot tap wateron the bottom of oven. Avoid baking too long. A cheesecake is cooked when the edges are slightlypuffed and the centre slightly soft wobbly like custard.
Cool completely in oven with door ajar about 45 minutes to 1 hour. Refridgerate over night or 4 hours if you are in a hurry.


text:
Hydraulic tools get workout | News | The Press and Standard
by The Press and Standard | November 23, 2017 5:00 am
Last Updated: November 22, 2017 at 9:09 am
Poplar Street
Three wrecks involve people trapped in wreckage.
Colleton County Fire-Rescue personnel were called to simultaneously handle trapped motorists in two traffic accidents the afternoon of Nov. 19.
The first call sent rescuers to a two-vehicle crash at the intersection of Broxton Bridge Highway and Confederate Highway on Nov. 19 at 1:50 p.m.
Firefighters arrived to find Broxton Bridge Highway blocked by the damaged cars and one occupant trapped inside the wreckage.
A second Fire-Rescue ambulance and a medical helicopter were assigned to the incident. Firefighters used hydraulic tools to free the man, who was then moved to a nearby field by ambulance and transferred to the C.A.R.E. Flight helicopter for a flight to a trauma center in Charleston.
The other two patients were transported to Colleton Medical Center by ambulance.
The South Carolina Highway Patrol investigated the accident.
While that accident was being handled, more Fire-Rescue units were dispatched to a single-vehicle crash in the 2000 block of Hiers Corner Road on Nov. 19 at 2:18 p.m.
They arrived to find a small S-10 Blazer had left the road and stuck a tree head-on, trapping the driver inside.
The driver, conscious but trapped in his vehicle, said a mechanical problem sent the vehicle off the roadway.
Firefighter-Paramedics used hydraulic rescue tools to extricate the man from the car and then transported him to Colleton Medical Center. The Highway Patrol investigated.
The hydraulic tools were also needed to aid the victims of a single-vehicle crash in the 600 block of Poplar Street the evening of Nov. 18.
At approximately 10:42 p.m., a northbound car left the roadway on a curve and struck an embankment, causing the car to flip backwards and land in the ditch.
All of the doors were blocked by the ditch walls. Three children, ages 2, 5 and 8, were riding in the back seat and suffered minor injuries.
The female driver received more substantial injuries and complained of extreme pain when crews attempted to remove her from the car.
A second ambulance and rescue unit were assigned to the incident so firefighters could remove the car's roof and safely extricate the woman.
After using the hydraulic tools to cut through the roof supports and remove the roof, the woman was extricated and transported to Colleton Medical Center. The three children were also transported to the medical center's Emergency Department. The Highway Patrol was also called to that accident.


text:
Machine Works Ltd
Machine Works Ltd
MachineWorks Ltd are working in collaboration with the Mercury Centre in the Department of Material Sciences and Engineering at the University of Sheffield, to develop best in class processes for the preparation of CAD models for additive manufacture with Polygonica software.
MachineWorks Ltd, based in Sheffield, is the provider of Polygonica, the solid modelling software toolkit for processing polygon meshes. MachineWorks Ltd are continually looking for innovative ways to apply their geometric modelling and computer graphics and wanted to demonstrate how their Polygonica software toolkit could be used in additive manufacturing.
The Mercury Centre has many years' experience of building demanding / complex components using additive manufacturing technologies that require the finest CAD models, so we were well placed to apply our knowledge to helping MachineWorks Ltd successfully test their Polygonica software.
We worked with MachineWorks Ltd to apply their Polygonica software toolkit to industrial CAD models used for additive manufacturing of components for the automotive industry. The Polygonica toolkit was used to identify and heal defects in the CAD models before the components were printed out.
The Mercury Centre was able to demonstrate the software toolkit's potential for maximizing productivity in additive manufacturing through the automatic detection and healing of industrial CAD models.
See their YouTube video on 'Preparing CAD Models for Additive Manufacturing'.
It certainly helped me knowing that my work was applicable in the real world. I saw all elements of the company – design, process and manufacturing.Dr Heather DriscollSports engineering researcher, Centre for Sports Engineering Research


text:
Masters of Business Administration or MBA is designed to enhance the careers for those who are interested in business and management. This qualification leads to variety of job opportunities and increases earning potentials.
MBA students can gain a high-level strategic approach to decision making and also can have better leadership qualities. In fact, an MBA graduates have an adaptable approach to any changing business environments.
MBA students of the top management college in Dehradun also have the opportunity to do business specialization in various subjects that includes finance, human resources, economics, marketing, management, etc. The students can focus more with detailed studies on areas like global management, leadership in IT industry and various other sectors.
Some of the job opportunities for a MBA graduates are discussed below:
- Marketing: Pursuing MBA in marketing can be useful, especially in brand management. It helps in generating innovative brand promoting strategies, which creates recognition for the product. One can also try into the advertising industry and can work well for advertising campaigns.
- Human Resources (HR): This subject has a huge scope as it refers to all activities, which comes under the section of Human Resource Management. It starts with the planning that is the process of identifying the jobs vacant, staff management etc. An HR also selects and recruits a candidate for a post, along with the orientation programs. He/she also looks after the training and development programs.
- Finance: This subject have a variety of opportunities, as one can be a chief financial officer. In addition, one can take up the role in an investment bank, accountancy, insurance agency, corporate finance and many other finance related jobs.
- Accounting: The main task of an accountant is to examine and prepare financial records. He/she makes sure that records are accurate and the taxes are paid on time. Accountants keep an overview of the financial activities of a business, to run it efficiently. One can also go for specialization based on the type of job he/she wants to opt.
- Project Manager: The project manager is in charge of specific projects within an organization. The job is to plan, budget, and take the responsibilities for all the documents of the project. Project managers can apply in various areas, starting from technical, IT, Human Resource to marketing and advertising world.
However, in order to get admission in the best MBA institute in Uttarakhand, candidates must complete graduation with minimum of required percentage, and qualify CAT/MAT with the minimum of required percentile, or should clear the written test conducted by the respective institutes.


text:
Hi there! I'm Abby Driver, a freelance journalist and content writer based in Cornwall. My writing is focused on health and wellbeing, homes and interiors, veganism and Cornwall, with a common thread of mindfulness and sustainability running throughout.
Over the last decade I've written features, and photographed, for a number of magazines including Coast, Escape, Ideal Home and The Simple Things. I also write for online publications such as The Pool, Refinery29 and Grazia.
As well as journalism, I also write and edit content for companies and charities. Over the years I've tidied up email sequences, interviewed experts for long-form blog posts and written 5,000+ word reports.
Away from my desk I can be found exploring the coast with my dog, in a heated game of scrabble or experimenting (with varying degrees of success) in the kitchen.


text:
DEVELOPMENTS UPDATE We try to keep everyone abreast of the movement that takes place with the things we are currently pursuing. Information sometimes filters through the Home Groups, sometimes it's given verbally or in the News Sheet, but we are aware that in periods of change communication is vital. If you are interested in forming a small buzz group to think about how we might enhance our communication, please let Jon know.
In the meantime, here are some headlines to pray about, and don't hesitate to ask if there are any questions related to any of these:
- We have been consulting with different groups who use the Beacon Centre, inviting them to give feedback as to how they might redevelop the venue if they were given free rein. A brief has been passed to a professional designer who will be drawing up some proposals for us shortly.
- The PCCs of the three churches in West Wickham will be meeting with a facilitator, Stephen Hance (The Diocesan Canon Missioner), in March to discuss in more detail the possibilities and challenges surrounding closer integration of the churches.
- Our Team Leaders are meeting with Jon next week to assess progress.
Click here to download Weekly News 8th February 2015


text:
I use the passthrough software to directly acces the ublox SARA R410.
When I add a T-Mobile Sim to my SODAQ SARA Rev 3 the AT hangs after a few seconds. When I remove the SIM or use the vodafone SIM the AT interface keeps working.
Any suggestions?
Hi @rschalken,
Remove the sim, put a passthrough sketch on and send the command AT+CFUN=15 to remove the saved profile.Then you can use a different sim.
Best Regards,Jan


text:
Photojournalist(s) of the Day: Jaykler Mercado Olivas (Costa Rica) and Juliana Fuentes Ramirez (Venezuela)
Juliana: Today was an incredible day! We practiced a lot of amazing skills and we learned tips about soccer! One the thing that I learned and loved was how to give strength to the ball when kicking and shooting. After many failed attempts, I finally achieved it!
We also learned how to do rowing with the Community Rowing, Inc. (CRI). This was cool because it showed us that when we work together as a team, anything can be achieved. We also competed in team relays challenging each other and supporting our teammates as brothers and sisters.
Jaykler: My favorite part of today was when we were practicing shooting skills. We learned different ways to kick the ball with all your power! I also learned that even when you have the chance to go alone and kick the ball, you should wait for your teammates to create a better opportunity to score! As every day passes here, we have improved the teamwork and the communication! We are so excited to be part of this program and so happy that we are here right now to represent our countries and share with all the participants and coaches. This an awesome experience that we are for sure going to share with our families and friends all over Venezuela, Haiti, Panama, and Costa Rica.
The Sports Visitor Program entitled, "Youth Soccer and ESL", brings 20 participants from Costa Rica, Haiti, Panama, and Venezuela to the U.S. for a fast-paced short-term sports cultural exchange.


text:
March 29, 2014
Local gold prices dip to six-week low on weak buying
Local gold prices dip to six-week low on weak buying
"In this context, many gold trading companies are turning to jewellery to boost their revenues. However, the market is not bright due to the shortage in supply of gold materials.
"Material supply for gold jewellery is currently falling short and is dependent on the floating sources that cause instability of production. We would like to ask the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) to allow the companies to import gold materials for domestic jewellery production in order to reduce the current domestic shortage."" Tran Nhu My, DOJI's Director, to Dau Tu newspaper.