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Cowboy poets gather Aug. 9-11
More than 40 poets and singers to perform
Updated as of Thursday, August 9, 2018 7:17 PM
More than 40 authentic cowboy poets and singers are set to perform for two days and three nights next week for one of Prescott's most popular events.
It's the 31st annual Arizona Cowboy Poets Gathering with featured performers including Kevin Davis, Doris Daley and Jean and Gary Prescott and a theme of "Nightcap."
This will be her first time back in Prescott since she performed at the Gathering in 2015, which was the first time she was ever in Prescott, said Daley, who lives on a ranch in Alberta, Canada.
"I'm thrilled to be coming back," she said, calling the event one of everybody's favorite gatherings of cowboy poets and singers. "It's a real honor."
Though she's been writing poetry ever since she was a little girl, Daley said it wasn't until the 1990s that she took the stage to perform in front of people. Prescott or not, it is a thrill to be able to write and perform something that connects with an audience, she said. She's all for entertaining but when something hits home for someone is what makes it all worth it.
Daley said she's someone who loves how words go together and while she takes her creative writing seriously, she has lots of fun with it. Branding herself as a western poet, Daley gathers inspiration from things anyone can understand, such as learning lessons or someone feeling the wind scorch across their face.
"All those things are universal," she said. "I just wrap them up in western lingo."
Held from Thursday to Saturday, Aug. 9-11, evening performances are at 7 p.m. with a full schedule of events throughout Friday and Saturday. The performances are at the Yavapai College Performing Arts Center, 1100 E. Sheldon St. Tickets range from $20 to $35 for each night, or $51 to $87 for all three nights, with a $4 service fee added to each ticket, which are available online at www.ycpac.com, www.azcowboypoets.org or at the door. All daytime sessions are free.
Also at the Gathering will be Gary Allegretto, a harmonica performer who will be performing Friday night. Allegretto said he's been playing the harmonica since he was a kid when his grandfather gave him his harmonica.
"It became my passion right away," he said, adding he's just put out a new CD called "Blues on the Trail," which has a lot of original music. "I'm looking forward to debuting it in Prescott."
As a graduate of Northern Arizona University and having spent time as a Hotshot in Flagstaff, Allegretto said he's sort of coming home. He's also been a back-country forest ranger, cowboy and ranch hand.
In addition to the performance, Allegretto said he also has a harmonica workshop Saturday afternoon. It almost filled up last year and he urges people interested to get there early. Even those who have no musical ability will be able to glean from it.
"I'll teach you to play three songs and have you laughing all the way through it," he said.
He also has a harmonica workshop Thursday for the youths at the Yavapai County Juvenile Detention Facility. Allegretto said he's taught thousands of children throughout the world and does so at a lot of detention centers.
The Arizona Cowboy Poets Gathering, which has maintained a standard of inviting men and women who are now or have been in the past part of the working cowboy's environment and workplace, is respected as one of the best gatherings in the country due to maintaining the working cowboy culture and heritage, according to a news release.
"We really couldn't do this large event without our hard-working volunteers that have dedicated their time to bring this to Prescott for the past 31 years," said the Gathering's Board President, Joe Konkel. "The culture of the real American Cowboy lives on stage here every year and it's been an honor to bring this form of entertainment to locals and tourists alike."
For more information about the 31st annual Arizona Cowboy Poets Gathering, visit www.azcowboypoets.org.
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Our school is helping students develop the world class skills and life and career characteristics of the profile of the South Carolina graduate by providing quality Montessori and traditional education with the cooperative involvement of family, faculty and the community. Currently, MC Hursey offers Montessori classrooms ranging from 3K to 8th grade. As we look to the future, we are excited about this opportunity to offer the Montessori curriculum to our current and future families. Our school provides rigorous academics balanced with care of the environment, community service and encouragement of a healthy lifestyle.
Timothy G. Schavel, Ed.D. Principal
Charleston County School District does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, age, or any other applicable status protected by federal or state law. Questions about non-discrimination policies should be sent to Charleston County School District, 75 Calhoun Street, Charleston, SC 29401.

subset: commoncrawl


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Overcome Cannabis Addiction
Overcome Cannabis Addiction
This hypnosis download will help you increase your motivation to quit this habit and gain more mental clarity so that you can make the best decisions for your future.
Using cannabis can easily spiral from an occasional habit into a full-blown addiction. It used to be thought that cannabis was a relatively harmless drug but there is now mounting evidence that it can cause damage to the immune system and increase the risk of psychosis, and of cancer.
Once you have decided that you want to overcome your addiction the first thing you should do is make an appointment with your health-care provider to discuss the options available to you. Hypnosis is an excellent addition to any addiction management program because it can help address the underlying cause of why and when you use cannabis.
Do you say to yourself that you will never use cannabis again only to find that you return to it time after time? That's because it has become an unconscious habit. Fortunately hypnosis is a great way to get back in control. Hypnosis works with your unconscious mind to change the pattern of behaviour responsible for your cannabis use.
It works because by nature habits and addictions are controlled by your unconscious mind. By changing the unconscious programming hypnosis can help you override the urge to use cannabis. Hypnosis is much more effective than will-power alone because it works directly with the part of your mind that controls the cravings.
This download is designed to help you take an important step towards a drug free future.


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Escape the Winter Blues With Barceló Hotel Group
MIAMI, Dec. 21, 2017 /PRNewswire/ — The weather outside is frightful… and a winter escape to somewhere warm and tropical sounds delightful. But don't just dream of the sun and sand. You can start plotting your escape route now, thanks to Barceló Hotel Group, whose all-inclusive comfort, spectacular Latin American and Caribbean destinations and endless adventure are waiting. Check out a few options – and some great deals – below:
The Best of Both Worlds: Occidental Nuevo Vallarta
Occidental Nuevo Vallarta, a privileged enclave amidst the stunning scenery of the Riviera Nayarit, is just 25 minutes from Puerto Vallarta's center. That means you can spend the morning lounging on an idyllic beach and the afternoon and evening exploring a vibrant urban environment, with incredible shopping and cuisine experiences in abundance.
- Don't miss the resort's Happy Days offer, with a discount of up to 40 percent and a welcome gift in your room.
Underwater Exploration: Allegro Playacar
Allegro Playacar features a magical, natural setting, state-of-the-art facilities and an unbeatable all-inclusive program, all of which create a unique opportunity to enjoy the Riviera Maya and Playa del Carmen. Winter is a great time for scuba diving – the water is crystal clear – and you'll find a full range of services at Allegro Playacar to enjoy this incredible sport. This includes scuba diving expeditions, as well as guided courses with certifications issued, equipment rental, trips and an excellent PADI 5 star dive shop.
Eco Adventures: Barceló Ixtapa
Has being stuck indoors during winter put you in the mood for a little outdoor adventure? Head to Barceló Ixtapa. The all-inclusive resort is just steps from beautiful Playa del Palmar, where eco-explorers can take a 10-minute boat ride out to Isla Ixtapa, a Caribbean paradise off Mexico's spectacular south coast. With crystalline, tranquil waters, the island is the perfect destination for snorkeling experiences amidst colorful marine life.
An Earthly Paradise: Barceló Karmina
No, you haven't died and gone to heaven. With four-diamond AAA recognition, Barceló Karmina is an earthly paradise of all-inclusive comfort, varied cuisines, unbeatable views of Manzanillo Bay and stunning, Mayan temple-inspired design. It's just the right place to cure any and all winter blues, thanks to the range of treatments and massages in the resort's upscale U-Spa, each one designed to calm and bring harmony to your senses.
Into the Past: Occidental Costa Cancún
A hotel located on the Cancún beachfront offering guests large rooms decorated in a Mediterranean style, the all-inclusive, recently renovated Occidental Costa Cancún offers easy access to some truly incredible historic sites. The hotel's guided tours will take guests to such wonders of the ancient world as Chichen Itza, an astounding complex of Mayan ruins on Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, and Ek' Balam, a fascinating Mayan village that dates back to 100 B.C. You'll also have a chance to dive into the nearby Cenote X'Canche, featuring beautiful natural formations and a refreshing natural pool.
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- Book the BarcelóPlus package and receive up to 42 percent discount, along with a complimentary bottle of wine.
Caribbean Oasis: Barceló Aruba
An exclusive oasis on the shores of Aruba's Palm Beach, the all-inclusive Barceló Aruba offers the ultimate in relaxation, from refreshing dips in the spectacular swimming pool or soaking up the sun in the lush gardens. Adventurers won't want to miss the chance to try windsurfing or kitesurfing at Fisherman's Hut Beach, a spot with soft winds and a gentle current – perfect for beginners.
Wintering in Costa Rica: Barceló San José
We don't think of winter as prime time for hammocks. But at Barceló San José, located in the Costa Rican capital city, you will be able to relax in a hammock, cocktail in hand, palm trees swaying gently in the breeze, feeling the warm Caribbean sun on your face – all while your friends are shoveling snow. The resort also offers easy access to San José's urban pleasures, from authentic cuisine to cultural experiences.
About Barceló Hotel Group
Barceló Hotel Group is one of the top hospitality companies in the world. Barceló was established in Palma de Mallorca, Spain in 1931, first as a transportation provider and then as a hotel and travel company. The family-owned and private company has been recognized worldwide for more than 80 years because of its excellent service and innovation within the tourism industry. Barceló Hotel Group properties are located in top destinations and cities in Europe, North America, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean. The company offers a variety of hotels and resorts to all kinds of travelers, from guests with a limited budget to travelers who seek exclusive luxury accommodations and experiences.
The hotel company owns or manages more than 109 properties and 33,000 rooms in 20 countries, separated within four distinctive brands: Barceló Hotels & Resorts, a renowned upscale resort brand featuring a blend of multi-resort all-inclusive complexes and urban-centric properties; Occidental Hotels & Resorts, one of the leaders in all-inclusive chains in North America with more than a dozen resorts; Royal Hideaway Luxury Hotels & Resorts, an elite group of luxury resorts; and Allegro Hotels, budget-conscious hotels in some of the world's most desirable locations. For more information or reservations, visit www.barcelo.com.
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These are just some of the loyal Spireites fans who made the long Tuesday night trek to Sutton United to see their side's 1-1 draw.
Their loyalty was rewarded when Jonathan Smith struck late to save a point following a below-par display from Chesterfield.
Boss Martin Allen said: "I am sure the fans were absolutely bored ridged.
"I am sure they are on that coach going back thinking 'how did we get away with that."
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For Pre-press artwork adjustments (stepping, color separations, traps, dot gain, etc.) we kindly require one or more of the following?VECTOR GRAPHICS formats we can edit:
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Becoming a new parent comes with a lot of challenges and stressful situations. Most people feel scared to touch or hold their baby too much. A healthy newborn baby is not as delicate and fragile as it may seem. You can cuddle and play with your baby, but just don't do something that could harm his tiny body. However, by wrapping up your baby tightly, in a cloth, would help secure the baby.
The new parents would get worried by the changing behavior and body of their infant. Every little change would be thought about and discussed, from the body changes to the diapers and dresses of the baby. Most of the parents complain that their children have cold hands or feet, especially at night. Every small symptom worries the new parents. Instead of panicking, try to recognize the symptoms.
While you're learning to be a new parent, similarly your infant is learning to get accustomed to this world. The baby is still learning to live with the temperature of the world and the temperature of the ongoing season. You have to be careful with the dresses of your baby, as they lose heat very quickly through their head. It is vital for you to cover up your baby up properly, but don't keep adding extra layers of blankets and sheets in order to keep him warm. At times, even when your baby is wrapped up properly, his hands and feet still might seem cold to you.
The body of the infant is not developed properly after his birth. It takes a lot of time for the baby to regulate the circulation in his body, which is yet learning to supply the entire body with blood. To make sure that the infant is warm enough, touch his torso to feel his body temperature, if it is tinged pink and feels warm, and then you don't have to worry. The body of the infant would seem to be in a moderate temperature, this is because the circulatory system of the infant learns to supply blood to the vital organs first, for instance, the heart, lungs, urinary organs and the digestive system.
The blood flow of the infant is not as efficient as a toddler and thus, the feet of the infant would seem cold. The development of the body of the baby prioritizes development foremost. You do not have to worry about this issue, because as the baby would become more active and energetic with time; his circulatory system would supply blood efficiently and equally to all parts of his body. This procedure of development can take up to 3 to 4 months. Other than that, keep your child warm at all times, because a cold baby does not have the ability to cry often so as to communicate with the parents.


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Forty-three years ago when I had completed a summer of internship ministry and was returning to Bible school, my summer director said, "So Doug, you want to be a missionary?" I answered, "Yes sir". He then said, "You should forget it because I do not know of anything that you are good at."
He was right! In my last year of school, I applied to thirty different missions, and because of my violent background with alcohol and my low intellectual capabilities, I was turned down.
Finally, one organization, Operation Mobilization, accepted me because in those days they accepted anybody.
I was sent to India and for two years was trained in ministry by Indians. My main training in practical ministry was by Asians.
So friend, do you feel inadequate? Well, join the crowd – most of us are; trust God and look for people to work with you and move forward in faith trusting God to use you for His glory!


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Category Archives for "Natural Skin Care Remedies"
Don't feel like you are alone - there are many acne sufferers. Acne forms in the pilosebaceous unit or in other words, in our tiny little hair oil glands that cover most of our skin. These units are essential to the vitality of the skin, but when they fail to function properly, acne can form.
Acne can start in the pre-teen years, during adolescence, or in early adulthood. For some people it lasts a few years while for others it can last for a decade or two and persisting into the forties and beyond. For some it goes away and all of a sudden resurfaces later in life.
Is there any difference between teen acne versus adult acne? The formation process can differ. For instance, adult acne can occur with fewer, larger pimples and more blackheads or small reddish bumps. It can be limited to redness or burning, deep and stretched cysts.
Adult acne usually lands along the hairline, chin or neck, while teenager acne locations are nose, forehead, cheeks and back. The cause of adult acne is primarily stress, hormonal changes, diet; while teen is genetic and diet. Duration for adult acne can be sporadic and may end at menopause; while teen acne lasts two to fifteen years. The consequence of adult acne is discoloration, brown spots or wrinkles; while teen acne usually leaves pitted scars.
Before we jump into our action plan, let's briefly talk about herbals and the most natural way of combating acne. There are plenty of over-the-counter acne products with natural ingredients that include botanical essences and herbs. On their own, they have not been shown to fight acne, although some do have antioxidant or antibacterial properties.
In most cases, you'll find natural ingredients listed last on the label, which means that they are present only in very small amounts. However, you should be using natural ingredients / products along with your more aggressive acne treatment for an extra soothing effect and other benefits. To learn more about natural skin care remedies click here.
There are many effective treatment options that you can do at home. However, the key to the whole treatment plan is consistency. So, if you want to see desired results, it will require your commitment, time and patience. Your action plan may require in-office treatment by a dermatologist at a later point. In most cases, however, a balanced program integrating the whole body health approach through skin care, fitness and stable diet will lead to much better results, like brighter complexion and a more vibrant, and healthier you.
So, whenever you start on your action plan - stick with it. If you run into some big puzzles or obstacles along the way, visit and consult with your dermatologist. Now below is a step-by-step action plan that you can follow. It is designed to treat your adult acne and the discoloration that can result from it, including lines or wrinkles.
Please note that you will have to wash your face or skin every morning and evening. After each wash, apply your anti-acne medication. When washing your face or applying your anti-acne medication, always cover your entire face and don't just spot treat it.
This way, you are fighting your current and future breakouts, that you don't see yet, and smoothing out your wrinkles at the same time. Go through following steps when you wake up in the morning and right before you go to bed in the evening:
The last thing challenged skin needs is to be punished. Treat your troubled skin gently. Too much cleansing of the skin can be damaging and vise versa… too little cleansing can be just as damaging. It has to be a perfect balance. You should know that sebaceous glands produce your body's sebum, which protects you from various bacteria, viruses, fungi and acts as your body's natural moisturizer.
Removing too much sebum from the surface of the skin will not lower its production; it will only over-dry the skin, and if dry skin cells mix with existing sebum, it can clog pores. On the other hand, if the skin is not thoroughly cleansed, dirt and bacteria will cling to the sebum (remember Klingons from Star Trek?) and contribute to acne formation.
Salicylic acid (that is found in plants) is a fantastic over-the-counter acne cleansing ingredient/product, because of its ability to clear away the buildup of dead skin cells and unclog pores. Salicylic acid is known for effectively managing blackheads and whiteheads, reducing redness and inflammation (it's anti-inflammatory). Like most acne-fighting ingredients, it can be irritating and drying, so find a product with no more than 2% concentration. As a rule, always remember, when using powerful ingredients, always start small and gradually increase the dose if necessary.
Now, you are ready for your daily cleansing process:
a) Splash water or wet the entire affected area of your skin.
b) Put a blob of the cleanser in the palm of your hand.
c) Apply to the entire affected area (which could be your face, neck, chest or back) and keep it away from your eyes and areas under your eyes.
d) Let the product sit on your skin for a few minutes (you can get some other morning routine done in the meantime, like brushing teeth).
e) Rinse thoroughly with generous amounts of warm water.
Now that your skin has been cleansed, it's time to apply a topical acne treatment to kill the bacteria that caused acne in the first place. Benzoyl peroxide is the most effective over-the-counter treatment that attacks bacteria and speeds up the removal of dead skin cells. You can purchase it in a gel or lotion format, but make sure to test it before using it. Apply it on a small area on the inside of your arm to make sure you don't have an allergy. Look for a product that comes with 2.5% to 5% of strength and that is designed to reduce inflammation.
Application process of benzoyl peroxide:
a) Apply a very thin layer (just enough to coat the whole affected area)
b) Lightly absorb any excess with a clean and dedicated washcloth (keep in mind that this ingredient will bleach colored clothes and cloths).
Usually acne is highly inflammatory. The best way to deal with inflammation is by using botanically derived antioxidants and some members of the alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) family. Speaking of AHAs, lactic acid and glycol acid are the two most commonly found in over-the-counter acne formulations that strip the skin of dead cells and smooth out texture.
Also, they extract and push moisture to the surface, which can reduce drying effects of other acne medications. Alpha-hydroxy acids are very powerful and most versatile set of skin ingredients. By exfoliating and loosening clogged pores, these acids enable the penetration of acne medication. In addition, they increase the production of glycosaminoglycans (complex sugars in the skin), round and even out the skin, including pigment layers.
When it comes to the benefits of antioxidants, they help to capture free radicals and reduce the production of cell cytokines (cell signaling molecules that stimulate the movement of cells towards areas of inflammation, trauma or infection) that are released at different times of acne formation. So, select an antioxidant that best fits your skin type in a serum (best for dry skin) or mist (best for oily skin) form.
For example, such antioxidants as vitamin C are known for stimulating collagen production, which is perfect for adults who fight both aging (wrinkles or lines) and acne. In addition, you may need to have a lotion or moisturizer around. Check out a natural body lotion made by Natural Vibrancy, since it has some very effective antioxidants at play (like seaweed and green tea), it is anti-inflammatory and designed for all skin types. It is available on Amazon, as well.
Application process:
a) Apply a thin layer of a lotion that contains antioxidants over the whole affected area.
b) Apply a thin layer of alpa-hydroxy acid to the entire affected area. Use 8% or 10% of strength maximum.
c) If the skin feels dry, apply a natural lotion.
So here it is - your home-based action plan.
Now, what to do if you have blackheads (which can be deep cystic acne or pimple type)? In this video we cover the most effective methods to attack this problem.
If you don't see any improvement in your acne after 4 weeks or you find some left over discoloration spots from previous acne, you should try retinol, which is also good in improving wrinkles. We suggest that you visit a dermatologist to discuss your situation and see if it makes sense to get a prescription.
At prescription levels, vitamin A derivatives are powerful anti-acne weapons. They stabilize the process of skin cell development and turnover. Over-the-counter products are not as effective (even if you find vitamin A listed as one of the top five ingredients), since vitamin A in the form of retinol is highly unstable, and concentrations constantly change with some light and air exposure.
Here is some more information on holistic skin care.
Have you discovered a natural remedy that worked on your acne? Share with us, so we can all learn.
Speaking of skin care, it is always important to remember that every person's skin is unique. Therefore, when we cover specific ingredients and remedies that can help with various skin care issues, you should also consult with your dermatologist or skin esthetician to make sure you are using products with the right percentage of ingredients to suit your skin.
While some ingredients with a high percentage (of potency) might work fine for one person, they might be too strong for another (someone with sensitive skin). If you run into some skin problems and are totally confused, don't ever hesitate to ask an expert to help you design a personalized regimen for your specific challenge.
Rule #1: To maximize results, when you use an ingredient in a topical skin care product, we suggest you consume (eat or drink) foods with the same ingredients in them. This internal and external synergistic approach will help you optimize the benefits to your skin. For instance, if you eat foods containing Omega-3, 6 and 9, like avocados, fish and wheat germ oil and use products infused with the same Omegas (including homemade recipes, like an avocado mask) - the combination of both will be very powerful and two-fold: a) reducing inflammation in your body and b) nourishing your skin by making it more vibrant and younger looking.
Rule #2: If you want to see quick results, keep in mind, it's not only finding and using quality products… it's also discovering ingredients that work well with your skin and using the right amounts!
Rule #3: Remember - your diet plays a big role in your skin. We'll expand on this topic in the future.
Watch this short video (below) to learn how to integrate all of the rules above.
In this post, we'll focus more on Rule #2, because, at the end of the day, it is ingredients that make an effective product. And discovering even a handful ingredients that work best with your skin will help you stay ahead of all challenges.
When it comes to skin ingredient basics, the top nutritional ingredients in beauty supplements usually consist of common vitamins that your body needs, such as A, B, C and E. There are some fantastic ingredients that you might not be aware of… like some natural botanical extracts with antioxidants that fight free-radical attacks and/or amino acids that can assist in boosting your skin's collagen levels, as well as proteins that in many cases will replace those that break down in your skin.
Also, keep in mind that a lot of products have many ingredients that will work for several skin types at the same time. If you look closer, you'll find that a large group of different skin care products have alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) and beta hydroxy acid (BHA), such as glycol acid, retinol and salicylic acid. Many well-known A-Type-Hydroxy acids are beneficial building blocks in organic synthesis, which have been proven to reduce wrinkles and the overall look and feel of the skin.
Most off-the-shelf beauty products will contain a lower concentration of AHAs, usually under 4%, which can still be too potent for some skin types. Therefore, the key in selecting products is to find one with the right percentage of concentration for your skin type. The ingredients with higher percentages are usually listed on the top of the ingredient list on every label. So, glance at the label first to make sure it has a correct amount of the element your skin can handle.
Now, here is an example of how two skin types can share or use the same product. We'll use a mother and daughter in both of our case scenarios. Let's say a 15 year old daughter is using an off-the-shelf acne cleanser containing 2.5 percent salicylic acid to control her breakouts. The mom, on the other hand, can use that same cleanser by mixing it with some of her ant-aging cream to improve the effectiveness of her anti-aging product. It also works in reverse. The daughter can use a light anti-aging lotion to help with her acne. The amount of retinol mixed in the anti-aging formula is going to be more gentle and effective on the daughter's acne than some basic anti-acne products.
Here is a second case scenario: Let's say a 15-year-old daughter has dry skin in her T-zone area and would like to treat the spot, while her mother is looking for a moisturizer to rejuvenate her aging skin. Both of them can share a vitamin E or C-based lotion that is formulated for the face and for both skin types.
Also, more information on natural skin remedies can be found on our blog.
Since our skin tends to be unpredictable and to change with our present surroundings (like weather, hormones or stress that can cause the skin to become oilier), having different products on hand for different conditions can be super helpful. Different skin challenges require different ingredients that will assist you with solving them. Each skin type and challenge has its own list of preferred key ingredients, for instance:
If you have sensitive skin, you should limit the amount of chemical ingredients in any lotions, creams, gels or liquid type of skin care products you use. Instead, look for naturally derived ingredients that help coat your skin and protect it against harsh elements in your environment. The more natural a product you can get, the less potential irritation you'll experience. Products with added fragrances should be avoided, as well.
However, if a fragrance is derived from natural sources, like actual plants and oils, it should be fine. Just note that some people with super sensitive skin can't tolerate many of the natural ingredients, either. If you think your skin is extra sensitive, it is best for you to consult with your dermatologist or primary care physician on what is safe to use on your skin.
Otherwise, search for natural elements that will soothe your skin with anti-inflammatory agents, such as chamomile, papaya, olive oil, oat kernel extract or oil, and grape seed oil. Also, another two ingredients that will even out the skin tone and comfort itchy, dry skin are refined colloidal oatmeal and glycerin, which is a great hydrator and is present in all natural (animal and vegetable) fats. Glycerin has the ability to attract water from the environment, as well as the lower layers of skin, while increasing the amount of water in the surface layers of skin. It also allows the skin to breathe.
In addition, I would like to mention a few obvious and non-obvious ingredients. Two of the obvious ingredients that you might be aware of are aloe vera and sulfur; both are known for their healing powers in chronic redness and inflammation. One of the non-obvious ingredient (because it is not used in products much) is the spice turmeric, which is fantastic for sensitive skin. My friend's daughter has eczema, and this spice does miracles for her because it has very potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
If you are going holistic, ingredients such as comfrey root and oatmeal have great soothing effects. Also, look for products that contain polyphenols, such as pomegranate, which is a good anti-inflammatory agent.
Also, search for products containing natural exfoliants, such as olive seeds, apricot seeds or any type jojoba beads, which will help to loosen up and remove dead skin cells, leaving a smoother and more radiant skin surface.
Combination skin will most likely be divided into specific areas and will need to be treated individually. If you find yourself with a couple of challenges all at the same time, you will have to look at each problem independently and pick products / ingredients for each by mixing and matching them. You may need one product for the breakouts on your forehead and another to treat your dry cheeks.
The number one ingredient to look for in an anti-aging product is hyaluronic acid. It is a substance that is naturally present in the human body and found in the highest concentrations in fluids in the eyes and joints. When it comes to hyaluronic acid application, the best practice would be to start with a very low percentage, see how your skin reacts and then slowly increase the percentage from there.
The second ingredient that you should look for is retinol, which is a pure form of vitamin A. It accelerates cell turnover, so healthier cells rejuvenate faster, making your skin look smoother and younger. Another great set of ingredients to look for are the ones that will help in the regeneration of the skin's collagen levels and they are hexapeptides, tripeptides and palmitates.
Besides other common ingredients like vitamins A, C and E (which is a great for moisture retention and helping the skin breathe), you also want to look for quality oils that fight wrinkles, like aloe, avocado oil, safflower seed oil, argan oil, cocoa butter and sunflower seed oil, that is all natural and lightweight oil that helps to moisturize, calm and heal your skin. Sunflower seed oil is also helpful if you are suffering from eczema, acne, inflammation or any irritation of the skin.
In addition, green tea extract is an excellent ingredient with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It assists in reducing wrinkles, fine lines, large pores and the appearance of puffiness. For more info, visit our anti aging skin care remedies page.
This should give you a solid understanding of some powerful ingredients and a good start to begin your mix and match process.
Test things out and share with us your experience or unique discoveries.
As you might agree, life happens (with or without your help), but does it have to show on your skin?! Your skin can be vibrant and even help you disguise your real age for many years, but only with one rule, as long as you treat it and protect it.
Treating it with care means that you wash, feed and moisturize it with nonabrasive products that work best with your skin type. And protect it from certain external and internal environments like free radicals that continuously attack and damage your skin. Let's have a closer look at all of the key anti-aging prevention factors.
What's important to remember is that the root of all aging begins with damage to a single cell. Therefore, let us identify and cover the most damaging factors first. The reason we want to point them out to you is that knowledge is power. Once you'll know what these triggers are, you can take immediate action to prevent them to the best of your ability.
So, the major enemies of the skin are:
1. Free radicals
2. Inflammation
3. Sun or ultraviolet rays
4. Glycation
1. What's free radicals?
Free radicals are very reactive molecules within our bodies that can damage lipids, proteins, membranes and DNA. You are attacked by them consistently. It might surprise you, but free radicals are created even by breathing (when oxygen is used to produce energy in your body) and by eating (when your cells metabolize food for energy). Now, you might be puzzled, why are they called 'free'? The reason each of them is free is because they are unpaired and searching for a partner molecule in the process.
The damage done by free radicals results in abnormal skin cells that are no longer consistent and that are now structurally uneven. All of which eventually leads to wrinkles and lines, because the skin cells are weakened. Also, this can lead to brown spots, since it changes pigment formation and decreases collagen production.
Now, there is no reason to panic and stop breathing or eating in order to avoid aging. Even though some free radicals are formed internally through normal human metabolism, the majority of them are created by the external "dark forces." Such outside factors include air pollution, smoking, sun exposure, stress, unreasonable alcohol consumption and exposure to toxic chemicals.
What to do?
Your body has the ability to neutralize these radicals. It naturally produces antioxidants to control them. As you age (or fall ill), free radicals tend to form a bit more aggressively, and during that process, your naturally produced antioxidants decline. So your goal is to recharge and increase antioxidant levels within your body by eating antioxidant-rich foods and applying natural antioxidant-rich skincare products.
By taking this inner and outer treatment (antioxidant replenishment) approach, you will maximize the synergy in your system and reap greater benefits for your skin. You can find more on anti-aging remedies like anti-inflammatory and antioxidant-rich foods in our future skincare diet articles.
2. Let's talk about the second major skin enemy - inflammation.
It is linked to free radicals because, when they attack a cell, a group of biochemical reactions take place that create inflammation. Don't look at it lightly. You might think this is a minor thing, but it plays a huge role in your body and can cause serious internal problems.
Even low-level inflammation is harmful, because it produces chemicals that accelerate the destruction of cells and obstruct their function. At first, inflammation may seem mysterious, because it is not visible to the naked eye. The only thing we can see is sunburn, which makes the skin red and swollen. However, in this case, we are talking about something way more threatening to our overall health, not only skin.
When inflammation is ignored (simply because most of us are not aware of it), it can build up overtime and lead to various health issues that are visible and / or invisible. For instance, the visible problem would be endless acne and invisible one would be a heart disease. It can vary from individual to individual, but in any case, it will worsen the situation and slow down healing even when you have a physical injury.
What to do?
In order to help your body stay healthy and fight aging, you should eat foods that are rich in anti-inflammatory ingredients, and on top of it, use natural anti-inflammatory skin care products. Once again, you maximize your results when you work on minimizing your inflammation internally and externally.
3. Ultraviolet rays... fun to be around!
The sun is the primary cause of extrinsic aging. It damages not only your complexion, but the deepest layers of your skin, called the dermis. With a lot of sun exposure, the outer layer of your skin thickens to protect itself from the sun while creating this shell of dead surface skin. The sun also hurts the dermis by destroying its collagen and elastin (the materials that give skin its youthful tautness and elasticity).
Actually, let's clarify, that it is the combination of ultraviolet (UV) waves, UVA and UVB, that does the damage. The depth of penetration into the skin depends on the wavelength of the UV ray in the light spectrum. UVB (mid-waves) = 280-320 nanometers and UVA (long-waves) = 320-400 nanometers.
UVB rays soak into the outer layer of the skin (epidermis), and they cause visible changes in the skin, like freckling, tanning and burning. These type of skin changes are not sexy or cool as many of us might think, but in fact, they are direct signs that the skin cells have sustained an injury, which can be photoaging or DNA damage. What's important to remember is that every exposure to UVB rays causes damage, even when it does not show up right away. The naturally created melanin in skin cells supplies some protection from UVB rays, but without a solid sun protection, the damage will still collect over time.
UVA rays, on the other hand, are responsible for photoaging in the long run. They absorb more deeply into the skin than UVB rays; therefore, the damage is not immediately noticeable. UVA rays hit the dermis layer and damage collagen and the collagen-producing cells, gradually weakening and destroying the skin's infrastructure. With more exposure over time, this invisible injury becomes visible and shows up in the form of deep wrinkles and the risk for skin cancer.
What to do?
Since it is the ultraviolet (UV) part of sunlight that does the damage - use sunscreen when stepping outside and stay away from tanning beds because UV rays are present there, as well. Protect your skin from the sun. It is never too late! Use sunscreen daily… even on a cloudy day, since the sun's rays can penetrate cloud cover. Use it wherever you are… whether you're at the beach or taking an afternoon jog, or walking to work and/or even eating lunch outdoors. Put on sunscreen with the same diligence you now apply moisturizer or makeup.
4. Glycation, eh?
It's time to cover our last skin enemy - glycation. Do you have a sweet tooth? As pleasurable as sugar may be to your tongue, it can actually be just as equally destructive to your skin. Simply put, the glycation process happens when a spike in your blood sugar levels can leave too much sugar circulating in your body. What can cause such a spike in your sugar levels?
Well, it usually comes from eating processed foods or foods with too much refined sugar. Glycation damages collagen by making it stiff. When this happens, the skin doesn't rebuild in the same way as before, prematurely aging the tissue. In other words, when this process occurs, the skin appears prematurely aged.
What to do?
Choose to consume less refined sugar. Replace it with natural sources, like fresh fruit. Certain foods (including refined sugar) can also cause breakouts. In this case, identify the zone, make adjustments and closely monitor it. To read more about the facial zones visit naturalvibrancy.com
Here is a quick summary of earlier mentioned anti aging home remedies in the video format:
Other sneaky enemies of the skin besides the 'core four' are:
A. Stress.
Find ways that work for you to manage your stress. Excess levels of cortisol (a hormone that is released when you are tense, worried or anxious) affects, not only your skin, but your entire body. When stress goes out of control, cortisol causes inflammation that tends to linger around.
B. Lack of sleep.
A great deal of studies have shown the importance of getting between seven and nine hours of sleep a night. It gives your body and skin time to repair themselves, improving the function of your immune system, as well as your mental sharpness.
C. Lack of fitness.
No reason to look for excuses. No matter what physical injuries or challenges you face, there are ways to maintain a certain level of fitness. Working out increases the oxygenation of your blood, which delivers nutrients to your skin and increase its vibrancy. Also, it is a great stress remover.
D. Smoking.
As we all know, smoking damages your skin and speeds up the aging process. The toxic chemicals in cigarettes restrict circulation and create free radicals that ruin collagen. Speaking of toxins, either drugs or alcohol of any kind will increase inflammation, which impacts and harms skin cells, collagen and other internal organs.
Visit our herbal skin care remedies page to learn about some of the ingredients that can effectively heal wounds (with no scaring), as well as assist with anti-aging process.
So, how serious are you about anti-aging?
Are you ready to start making a difference by taking control of the 'core four' enemies of the skin that we discussed above? Would you add anything else to this list? Share your thoughts!
This natural lotion will deeply hydrate, moisturize and heal your skin from any environmental stress.
It will balance your skin independent of your skin type.
Let's face it, despite scientific advances in treatment for skin problems, many people prefer to rely on both natural ingredients and home remedies. These remedies are preferred because they are easily available, gentle on the skin, easy to put together and easy to use.
Most natural ingredients are botanicals, which means derived from plants. Many of these remedies have survived the test of time, as they have been passed down from one generation to the next. Let's have a closer look at some of the most popular herbal skin care remedies right now.
Green tea is known for being a very potent antioxidant. As you may know, antioxidants calm inflammation in the skin and protect from sunburn and skin cancer.
The protective effects of green tea can be achieved by drinking the tea, as well as by applying it topically to the skin. When we made the Natural Vibrancy body lotion, it was our goal from the very start to include premium antioxidant-rich ingredients, such as green tea and seaweed. In fact, seaweed is also loaded with vitamins and minerals.
Tea tree oil, derived from the leaves of the Melaleuca alternifolia plant, is useful for a variety of purposes. It has antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a treatment for facial acne.
In fact, one study showed that a tea tree oil gel is as effective as 5% benzoyl peroxide, even though tea tree oil takes longer to kick in and work (like many natural remedies). Tea tree oil is also used to treat fungal infections of the feet, nails and groin.
Witch hazel, derives from the shrub Hamamelis virginiana, has been used to treat itchy and inflamed skin. The shrub's leaves and bark have been used as a local anesthetic and astringent (causing body tissue / skin to tighten and bind).
That is why it is commonly used as a cosmetic toner, because the large quantities of tannins contained in witch hazel make skin tighten, while it removes excess surface oil and decreases bacteria, especially on acne-prone skin.
Aloe vera plant is recognized globally and used extensively to treat a range of skin problems. It is rich in amino acids, enzymes, mucopolysaccarides and various minerals. Shown to reduce inflammation in the skin, it is used in a similar way to cortisone-containing creams, and for the same reason - to reduce inflammation, redness and itching.
That is why the aloe plant is used for conditions such as psoriasis or eczema, as well as surface burns and mild poison ivy. Aloe vera can also be used to treat minor skin infections, since it possesses antibiotic and antiviral properties. Therefore, it is a popular ingredient in lotions, shampoos, conditioners, sunscreens, soaps, and a wide variety of cosmetic products.
Aloe vera is easy to get, since it grows across the globe. And what's great about it is that you can use the aloe plant straight from the garden. Just snap open the leaf and squeeze the gel directly on the skin.
Vitamin E (known as tocopherol) is found naturally in vegetable oils, sunflower seeds, whole grains, brown rice and nuts. It is often applied directly to heal wounds, as well as to heal and prevent scars. It is also known to improve skin tone and texture.
Be forewarned: some people can have an allergic reaction to topical vitamin E when applied directly to their skin.
Oatmeal is derived from the Avena sativa plant, and its skin benefits are known and put to use for hundreds of years. Oatmeal is a grain that is rich in lipid, proteins, minerals and sugars. It is frequently used as a soap-free cleanser and is wonderful for dry, sensitive, irritated or inflamed skin.
If you are affected by eczema or dermatitis, make sure to use it, because it will soothe, repair and protect your skin. You will be able to find oatmeal in various formulations, such as lotions, creams, soaps and powders. Oh, and if you are feeling "dirty," oatmeal body scrub [we share a great recipe in our skincare recipe section] or a face mask will come in handy, because oatmeal has the ability to absorb skin oils and dirt.
Not a mistake…! Vinegar is used as an ingredient to treat various fungal, bacterial and yeast infections. Its high acid content stimulates these powerful anti-infective properties.
Did you know that vinegar can be used as ear drops for swimmers to prevent and to treat swimmer's ear? Vinegar produces an acidic environment that holds back bacterial growth. Fascinating. Also, vinegar soaks can be used in the body folds and in the nails to prevent and decrease the growth of fungi and yeast.
Even though we just covered some powerful herbal remedies here, we have so many natural herbs for skin care to choose from, just by reaching into our pantry or closet. Knowing the basics will help you find the perfect combination of treatments or products that will appeal to your personal style and skin type.
Please let us know your favorite remedies that you would like us to add to the list. We invite you to share your experience with some of them and the results (positive or negative) that you have had.
This natural lotion will deeply hydrate, moisturize and heal your skin from any environmental stress.
It will balance your skin independent of your skin type.


text:
HTTPS Everywhere
Https Everywhere is an extension for Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome that rewrites http:// to https:// whenever there is a rule that makes this extension do this.
For my understanding that is not everywhere. Nevertheless the extension is really good in what it does. Because anyone can create those rules and the great majority of websites are covered already.
You can get if from the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF).org
The website claims:
HTTPS Everywhere is a Firefox and Chrome extension that encrypts your communications with many major websites, making your browsing more secure.
That's a little misleading. The extension itself is not encrypting the communication. It rewrites http:// requests to https:// based on rules. That gets explained down further, but I wanted to mention it to avoid confusion.
HTTPS Everywhere is a collaboration between the Tor Project and the Electronic Frontier Foundation. The Tor Project included HTTPS Everywhere in their TorBrowserBundle (TBB), provides a bug tracker and hosts the mailinglist where new rules are submitted or broken rules are reported. The EFF hosts the extension.
Comments are closed.


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The vacancy on the Clay County Circuit Court left open by the retirement of Judge Larry D. Harman has been filled.
On Thursday, Gov. Mike Parson announced that he appointed Associated Judge David Chamberlain to Circuit Judge for Division 4 of the Seventh Judicial Circuit in Clay County.
The vacancy arose the retirement of Harman, effective December 16, 2018. He served more than 26 years as a circuit judge.
Chamberlain was one of three names submitted to Parson by the Seventh Circuit Judicial Commission on December 6, 2018. The other two up for the position were Louis Angles and Karen L. Krauser, both of whom are associate circuit judges for the Seventh Judicial Circuit in Liberty.
David Chamberlain has been an Associate Circuit Judge in the 7th Judicial Circuit since 2008. Prior to his appointment to the bench, he was a Partner with Patton & Chamberlain, P.C. During his 19 years as a practicing attorney, he tried criminal and civil jury trials in both State and Federal Courts. He holds a bachelor's degree in economics from Missouri State University and a Juris Doctorate from the University of Missouri School of Law, Kansas City.
Alisha Shurr is a reporter for the Missouri Times and Missouri Times Magazine. She joined the Missouri Times in January 2018 after working as a copy editor for her hometown newspaper in Southern Oregon. Alisha is a graduate of Kansas State University. Contact Alisha at email@example.com.


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Mother's brother, Francis Butler Simkins, is the most important member of the Simkins branch of our family for several generations. He published eight history books, numerous scholarly articles and an abundance of miscellaneous work including book reviews and encyclopedia articles. One biographer defined FBS as "one of the most interesting intellectual forces of his generation." As a scholar who questioned conventional thinking he "helped lay the foundations for the civil rights movement…Yet when events in the 1960s challenged the traditional in the south, Simkins discovered much he thought should be preserved… and he became a spokesman for tradition."
Edgefield—"Fetch", as FBS was often called, was stamped indelibly by his Edgefield environment. The town into which he was born in 1897 and which he loved all his life was a typical small southern village—no modern conveniences, great filth and mind boggling poverty were everywhere: no hospital and doctors who knew little more than giving morphine for pain (Edgefield had its share of drug addicts).the courthouse square dominated the town with its Confederate monument (and in Edgefield a statue of Strom Thurmond). When Fetch was a youngster, a "progressive" mayor removed the wooden canopies, cut down the trees and made the square into a "sunlit desert" FBS. Edgefield was a dichotomy: she produced ten governors of SC and yet was often the most violent place in the USA the spasm of violence reached its apogee in 1907 when 280 murders were reported.
The sandy or muddy roads radiating out from the central square to other communities were hazardous even after the advent of the auto. Once FBS and his mother were travelling towards home when a wheel flew off the Essex and was never found. They abandoned the car. Another time sister Raven told Fetch to hide when the car broke down going to Greenwood. Francis was completely inept with mechanical things and the women needed a man.
Segregation was complete in Edgefield with, for example, Negroes allowed on the square only on Saturday afternoons. No respectable white lady would go to town on Saturday afternoon.
The courts, politics and the churches were the center of social life while The Edgefield Advitiser brought news from the outside world. DAR,UDC, WCTU were the arbiters of social life. Their idea of patriotism was worship of Confederate ideals.
Family- Most of our written family history (by FBS, our Mother and brother Gus) is about the glories of the 19th century. The tale of the so-called heroic death of grandfather John Calhoun Simkins was romanticized and told over and over again.
Edgefield is a curious mix of up-country and low-country and this is typified in the parents of FBS.
In 1878 Sarah Raven Lewis left for good her guardian (Elias Vanderhorst) in Charleston and came to live with her Saint Mary's schoolmate, Doushka Pickens, at Edgewood Plantation near Edgefield. Samuel McGowan Simkins was a handsome and attractive young lawyer in Edgefield. "Lady Pick" (Mother of Sally's friend Doushka) issued the wedding invitations for the 1887 wedding of Sally and Mac.
Soon after the marriage, the couple bought a small cottage on Columbia Avenue. The cottage was four rooms with a separate kitchen out back. The porch connecting house and kitchen was open so it often froze in winter. Miss Sally nicknamed it "The Zider Zee" after a river in Holland where her forebears lived.
Childhood-Very little has been written or told about the childhood of the four Simkins children: Elliott (1890), Raven (1891), Francis (1897), Jeanie (1899). In the early 1900s four (or was it five?) orphaned cousins came to live with Mac and Sally: Nollie Lewis (son of Sally's brother who died in a fall from Grandfather Mountain in NC ), and three (four?) Simkins cousins who were all siblings—Virginia, Eldred, Lewis and some say Robert. Miss Sally bought an octagonal room from a doctor's house which was being torn down. It was put in the backyard for a dorm for the boys—no heat but a great relief on the crowded cottage.
Life at the cottage revolved around the hard work of making ends meet and around the parents.
Samuel McGowan Simkins had a romantic way about him and was a good and kind man with a superior knowledge of the law. He loved to talk or make speeches about his ancestors—Arthur who founded Edgefield; Eldred who was in congress; and particularly his father John Calhoun Simkins. Father John's oil portrait in full confederate regalia hung over the mantle in the cottage and his ornamental sword was near by. However FBS later said that much of what was said about the glorious past was the "make believe life of our ancestors." Mr. Mac inherited nothing material from his ancestors and through his own efforts was not able to recover the alleged affluence of Arthur or Eldred. Although it was never mentioned in the family, Mr. Mac was an alcoholic.
Miss Sally, because of her biting ways was called "Wasp" by some which the young Fetch translated to "War"—an apt title for the feisty, irreverent and attractive Sally.
Sarah Lewis actually believed she and her children were better than anyone in Edgefield. She told her children this over and over again—you are different and superior she would say as all admired the "Mother's" vases two lovely porcelain French vase she inherited from her Charleston ancestors. (She also told me that I was only one eighth aristocratic!) Francis' earliest memory is of being dressed in a kilt for a parade. He knew he would get jeers but Mother told him he was superior to any of those watching the parade and jeering.
Sally made fun of everyone and had outrageous nicknames for even the most prominent and beloved citizens:
Mr. Pomposity-an ex governor
Murdering Hog Thurmond- Strom's dad with big jowls and he had killed a man.
Negroes—The adult attitudes towards the blacks was typical of the era and yet ambivalent. Mac and Sally believed that most "niggers" (and that is what they called that race) were very inferior. And yet both the Simkins were very kind and often went out of their way to help and support these unfortunate neighbors. For instance, Sally got her servant "Nude " a job as a teacher. And Mac represented a black man who had killed a white man.
In spite of being so poor, Sally always had black hands to help especially when company was coming. She bossed them with a screaming voice but they all seemed to love her. Her "slave" was a tiny black man-Addison Childs. You could hear Sally all over the town: "Add Childs, if you don't
get a bigger fire under that black pot, the ham will never get done." "Add Childs, churn harder or the ice cream will not freeze." Every day she spoke of Addison' s vices: slovenly, a thief, a fool. She claimed that the eggs he brought her were from her own hen house and the vegetables from a neighbor's garden. The whole family noted that Add Childs always failed to show up when he was most needed. Yet Add said: "Miss Sally is the most quarrelsome lady in Edgefield but she is mighty good, as good as gold." Add was faithful to her until after her death—he kept her grave weeded until his last illness. When he would visit us in Columbia he would bring a pasteboard suitcase filled with sweet potatoes and kindlin'. The whole family went back to Edgefield for his funeral .
Negroes were part of the Episcopal congregation but had to park a long way off and receive communion last. When FBS was confirmed, a large black man knelt beside him.
Behind the scenes all sorts of behavior went on between the two races. One of our cousins was a black man who looked so much like Mac Simkins that the young boy, brother Gus, ran up embraced him and called him "Pap-pa."
Cooks cost pennies a day and $1.00 covered a week's wash for the large family.
Work- "We seemed poorer than anyone—our pigs were skinnier and our garden often weedy or dead from a drought." (FBS) The front yard was a gully wash with no fence or wall separating it from the street. The cottage and the yard were like a small in town farm—family survival depended on what could be produced at home so everyone had to work hard. In fact Francis got his nickname "Fetch" by being hollered at: "Go fetch some water…" "go to the store and fetch some sugar…" "Fetch two eggs from the hen house…"
Between the garden and the farm animals (a cow, pigs and chickens) plus plenty of gifts from neighbors and the added ingenuity of "Miss Sally" the grocery was never more than $10 a month!
As far as we can discern, all the Simkins children attended Edgefield public schools. (Perhaps Francis or others also went to one of the small private schools—we can't tell.) Both Father and Mother were well educated for the times. Mac attended Sewanee, was a serious scholar, very well versed in the law and sought after as a speaker. Sally graduated (I believe) from Saint Mary' School for girls in Raleigh, NC, claimed Shakespeare as her favorite author and wrote for The Charleston News and Courier. Each of the young people went into higher education. Francis had shown scholarly instincts from an early age so it was no huge surprise when he went to the University of South Carolina before graduating from high school.
Fun—However life was not entirely work for the Simkins family. They participated in political and social activities in the Edgefield township.
Studying and visiting the many characters was fascinating. To mention just three of hundreds of Edgefield screwballs:
>Miss Kate who (so Sally alleged) scraped all the leftovers from the church bazaar into a croker sack held by a Negro confederate standing outside the window. And this included whole hams and even maybe a turkey!
>The uncle whose black mistress begged "Miss Sally' to help her get rid of the man: "He just gives me all these children."
>And we must mention "Dolly", daughter of Sally' friend Doushka and good friend particularly of Francis. He had been the ring bearer at her wedding when he was 5. The chamber of horrors for Edgefield children was the secluded study of Dolly's strange husband. Fetch remembers "when Dolly and I and Bonnie Bell dashed over the countryside."
When the bitter trial for the custody of Dolly's nieces was progressing, Francis saw Dolly put a pearl handled pistol in her pocket to demand justice if trial went against her wishes. After her husband left Edgefield, Dolly became very wild. Slept around and rode a horse all over town even up the steps of the courthouse. Yet Dolly always lit up the whole Simkins household when she came to call.
Sally was glad to have visits from her three sisters but always wanted to know when they were leaving. The beaus of the three girls were numerous but Mother (Raven) could never figure why curtains were hung around the porch and vines hung everywhere when Jeanie's callers came.
Ancestor worship and study along with reading occupied all ages. Family history was preserved in a few relics, in the tales of elders and in a fat scrapbook. The scrapbook was read as often as Shakespeare and the Bible.
This volume should not have been believed but Fetch never criticized it until contaminated by the skepticism at Columbia University. He thought that ancestor hunting was among the most useful of endeavors: "To those of us who are going down the scale financially and socially, it is a means of boasting our pride, giving us consolations not unlike those of religion. To those of us who are climbing up the scale socially and financially, ancestor catching gives us something money cannot buy, a rationalization of our success in the eyes of neighbors who are always family conscious."
Several newspapers were read regularly—The Edgefield Advitiser and NY papers. The northern papers were too liberal for most Edgefield people so the chief reference is giving old copies to black friend so they could paper their walls with The Tribune or The Times. Francis has written several good articles about The Advitiser which he and sister Raven each read weekly until they died.
Another entertainment was the cases at the courthouse especially criminal cases. Miss Sally bragged that ten murders had been committed right on the courthouse square!
William Thurmond, father of Strom and next door neighbor to the Simkins cottage, ruled the district politically for many years. Thurmand had shot and killed a drunk young dandy and been completely exonerated. "Mother and I thought of him as cold-bloodied, learned on the technicalities of the law without the remotest interest in justice or in polite culture." FBS. Others thought he was a very competent attorney. He and Mr. Mac Simkins practiced law from the same cottage near the square. Francis had a very low opinion of Strom also. The Simkins were always cordial to the next door Thurmonds although Miss Sally thought they were low class. She hated some neighbors on the other side and built a 20-foot high board fence to block them out.
Social life centered around food. As FBS used to say "Miss Sally" was a "brilliant cook." From a three burner kerosene stove (supplemented by the black pot over an outdoor fire), she could produce a feast out of very meager ingredients. I always heard Sally kept three pots on the stove at all times: rice, hominy (which we now call grits) and a tiny old tin frypan to burn sugar for her special gravy. Sally scorned store-bought food, lukewarm dishes and, later, frozen food. FBS carried on the tradition and refused to eat food that had been frozen.
"Miss Sally" always got up early and when company was coming, preparations began at 5am In her loud voice she proclaimed the meal would be a disaster but she actually thought her food was better than most. In fact one way she classified people was by the food they served—greasy, overcooked vegetables and fried meat were very low class. I heard Sally could make something out of nothing—a bit of grease, flour and burnt sugar—wonderful gravy. Another favorite was her wafers; Madge continues making these delightful treats.
When Sally had the evening meal ready, she would call in her family and "tell all children not named Simkins to leave."
Francis, his mother and sister Raven loved the out of doors. From earliest time with just Sally and Douschka, hiking, picnicking and fishing were part of the fun. Fetch recalls picking blackberries with the black boy Tuga.
A favorite place to hike was to Edgewood, former home of Texas beauty Lucy Holcombe and her husband Andrew Pickens and former home of Sally for many years. By the time Fetch remembers going there, the house was dilapidated and gardens overgrown. Gradually things inside and outside the house began to disappear. Clint regretted he did not take stuff especially two bronze dogs that sat on either side of the entrance.
As they sat at Edgewood after a hike, Sarah Lewis Simkins would recount tales of the times in Russia when Col. Pickens was ambassador: of the Czar calling the new baby of the ambassador and his wife "Douschka" ("little darling") in Russian. The family adopted the name as a girl's first name. It was almost as if Sally herself had been there. Also Sally told glorious tales of Edgewood when "Lady Pick " was mistress of the manor—parties night and day with food and beverages flowing freely, dancing and card playing.
As an aside, one of Sarah Lewis's most charming assets—and one which Fetch inherited-was her story telling ability. She could have a room full of people laughing until they cried as she irreverently told tales of the past. Clint Graydon could have described her as he did great lawyers: " a glib, a vivid imagination and a total disregard of the truth." Her stories filled Francis with the glories of the past.
The house and garden at Edgewood were eventually moved and rebuilt in Aiken. The boy Fetch was upbraided by a real estate agent for picking Camellias at Edgewood. All plants were dug up. Francis wrote a letter of protest to The News and Courier. The next hike to Edgewood Sally and son thought all was OK as a bootlegger had set up shop in one of the shrub holes!
The whole Simkins family went to the mountains of North Carolina each summer allegedly carrying along a cow for milk and butter. Her children remember Sally cooking blueberry pancakes in a big frying pan as raindrops gently sizzled in the pan.
Shorter trips were made to fish and picnic at the edge of the many creeks in the district. Francis claims when severe heat and proliferation of bugs made most of these places unpleasant, they would go stay with Addison Childs and fish in nearby Log Creek. Some of us historians doubt the veracity of this claim. But Francis has vivid descriptions of sleeping on corn shucks and other inconveniences.
Fetch's description of the gardens of Colonel Bacon and of the Seth Butlers show his love of the flora of Piedmont SC and his disdain of "yankee" shrubbery and mowed lawns.
The Butler garden "was a picture book of the old south…perfectly adapted to the semi-tropical climate of middle South Carolina…with nothing to break the green uniformity except the quaint blossoms of the Periwinkle and the purple Wisteria and the white of the Clematis in the fall..To me the most satisfying garden of the many I have visited on three continents." "Miss Sally" used native vine flowers and berries to decorate and even planted a few native shrubs at the cottage. No hothouse shrubs nor mowed lawns. Fetch could not remember a single lawn mower in the Edgefield of his youth!
The Center Springs Dance Pavilion, located out in the country north of Edgefield was frequented by the Simkins for picnics and dances during the summer. The marathon dances were considered to be quite shocking, but what went on at Center Springs was actually most circumspect and well chaperoned. Francis remembers sister Raven going to a ball in finery handed down from rich northerners and decorated with native berries. "She was without doubt the finest dressed person at the dance." Miss Sally defied Edgefield convention and Baptist rules by having dances and card games at the Simkins cottage.
Churches were another center for social life. Although they had never been saved through baptism by immersion, the Simkins children were welcomed by the Baptists at the Sunbeam classes and missionary meetings. Although Mr. Mac's family had given the land for the Baptist Church and most of his family were Baptist, Sally hated the Baptist church and disliked most "low class" Baptists. When no Episcopal minister was available, Father would go to the Baptist church and Miss Sally would tell the children "you can go if you wish but I will not go."
When the eight Simkins children were the only pupils attending Episcopal Sunday School and Mac Simkins was the superintendent, they wondered why they couldn't just have Sunday school at home.
The teachers were the two Seth Butler sisters, Mary and Tonsie. Being converted Episcopalians, they felt the sonorous Elizabethan language of the Book of Common Prayer was more important than the Word (Bible). According to FBS they "repeated such items of sacred lore as the Apostles Creed, the table of contents of the Prayer Book, a three hundred word history of the Hebrew children and Archbishop Usher's chronology of the human race." Years later when Francis was on a panel examining a PHD hopeful at LSU, one of the panelist asked the student to name the governors of Louisiana in chronological order. Francis thought the question unfair and asked the professor if he could name the genealogy of the human race. When he could not, Francis began: "Adam, Seth, Enos, Cain.." Training from the old church had saved the day for this PHD hopeful at LSU.
Sunday was a day of ritual for the whole Simkins family: Sunday School, morning prayer and a boring sermon, heavy dinner, afternoon naps and tea at the Seth Butlers in the dusk of the day. The Butlers lived in a large two story frame colonial structure. After a time of conversation in the cool dark hall and play by the children in the garden, tea was served by the lady of the house and her two daughters. They lived in a grand manner despite the fact that they had little money.
Christmas was a very special time for the Simkins household. "Father would start the day off just before dawn by shooting a pistol in the air several times in our front yard. We couldn't shoot to celebrate the
'Yankee' fourth of July holiday." Then Miss Sally and the older children would wake up the household with the tooting of toy horns and shouting "Merry Christmas." Miss Sally and Add Childs had the ham boiling in the backyard and one or two small birds browning on the stove. She loved to tell the tale about the cat getting the bird off the table but she just wiped it of and put it back. Citrus fruits were available only at Christmas. Each child got an orange, some raisins and a small toy.
The eight children had few creature comforts and their horizons went no further than Augusta, Columbia, Charleston and Asheville. But they always had enough to eat and sufficient clothes to keep warm. None would swap northern steam for the warmth radiated by an open fire on a cold winter day. And somehow food cooked in a black pot in the back yard or corn fritters fried in an open pan on a trip to Mount Mitchell seemed to taste better than most modern foods.
About the time Francis was leaving to go to college, he had begun to make fun of "progress" in Edgefield, blaming the demise if the town on "likker drinking" and "progress." The good roads movement was, he stated, "the third god [along with industrial and educational projects] in the Trinity of southern progress."
Higher education—Francis Butler Simkins arrived at The University of South Carolina in 1914 at the age of 16. Tuition was free for those who could not afford it and Mac Simkins made this clear to the deans. Cousin Frank Butler allowed Francis to stay at his boarding house on Pickens Street
(located about where the walkover bridge is in 2002) and paid him $10 a week to take care of his cow. Ellen I. Butler remembers Francis taking the cow to the corner of Pickens and Gervais to graze on a lush lawn and Francis loved to talk about his "withered hands" from milking. Fetch did not indulge in any of the social activities at USC but was a serious student. Only club he joined was a literary society.
Even with some poorly educated and some boring professors, new intellectual worlds were opened to FBS: economics, astronomy, modern writers, mathematics, sociology. Particularly under Yates Snowden, history and facts and figures about South Carolina began to pave the way for Fetch's life's work. For example, the history class visited both Allen University and Benedict College (local black institutions) and Francis was astounded to see well dressed, highly intelligent and very articulate Negro students.
Francis was greatly impressed with New York City when he went there to go to Columbia University (about1918). He and a friend from Edgefield emerged from Penn station "cheap straw hats on our heads and dollar suitcases in our hands." The subway riders were buried in dreadfully poor newspapers instead of seeing the sights and sounds of the city; huge draft horses and luxurious fur coats also caught his attention. He was amazed at the beauties of a kitchen in New Jersey when he visited a friend. And the serious and numerous readers in the New York Public astounded him.
Francis had many unusual friends at Columbia U.—a socialist from south Georgia, a NY Jew with flowing locks and several foreign friends. Rudiger Bilden (a German with a beautiful blonde wife from Mississippi) and Gilberto Freyre (a handsome and brilliant Brazilian) became lifelong friends. They argued far into many nights: about history (comparing Brazil and the old American south), about values with old ideas being replaced by new, about the "new south" and the virtues of Henry Grady and the like. Gilberto, Francis said, was 'Intellectually the strongest individual I have know intimately with more knowledge than me on all subjects except US history."
Getting an MA (1920) was alarmingly easy for FBS but not the PHD. At first his thesis (The Tillman Movement in South Carolina) was rejected but (with encouragement from Rudiger Bilden), Francis revised it and it was actually good enough to be published. The two and one half hour orals were devastating. He came through in all areas but European history. With more work, he made up for this interview and got his PHD in 1926.
While still a student, FBS traveled abroad. Some say he went on a motorcycle tour of Europe with his co-author James Patton and there were family tales of the bearded and liberal young scholar going recklessly over the continent on a motorcycle. Fetch himself tells of visiting Freyre in Brazil and the great influence this had on him. He compared Brazil and the south he knew on race relations and other ways. Also Francis studied Portuguese and spent some time on the Iberian Peninsula.
Adult Life—Four areas dominated Francis Simkins' life after leaving Columbia University: scholarship, teaching, eccentricities and other personal traits.
Scholarship-Francis Simkins was an assiduous researcher. Although he was flamboyant and usually exaggerated in his conversation and speeches, he never strayed far from the facts in his published works. He was an intellectual gadfly who liked to provoke. FBS enjoyed contradicting the prevailing historical views and took great delight in going against the intellectual establishment.
The contributions of Francis Butler Simkins in the field of southern history were enormous:
1926-The Tillman Movement-thesis published by Duke University
1927-He debunked the Ku Klux Klan in an article in The Journal of Negro History
1932-South Carolina During Reconstruction (with Robert Woody) won the Dunning Prize—the first revisionist work on Reconstruction
1936-the Women of the Confederacy (with James Patton)—one of the first serious scholarly studies of women in southern history.
1944-Pitchfork Ben Tillman which I believe is his best book.
1947-The South Old and New- later (1957) revised: A History of the South,
1957-Virginia, History Government Geography- a textbook which FBS said bureaucrats made him remove some of the more damning features like the filth of the towns.
1963-The Everlasting South-a group of essays upholding his thesis that the South is a unique region.
Many of Simkins' ideas and interpretations are still fresh today. He is one of the most important interpreters of the American South, presenting southern history as a significant part of American history.
In addition to the Dunning Prize, Simkins held research fellowships at the Social Science Research Council and the John Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, delivered the Fleming Lectures at LSU and the Centennial Lectures at U.of Mississippi. He was president of the Southern Historical Association in 1953-54. Recently "The Francis Butler Simkins Award' was started and gives an award every third year for best and first (for that author) book about the south.
Although very daring in his personal talks, he did not change facts in his written histories. He refused to buckle into historical fads and despised historians who tried to popularize their works.
Teacher- FBS accepted temporary appointments at: UNC at Chapel Hill, Emory in Atlanta and, in 1928, Longwood College in Farmville where he remained until he retired in 1966. He also was visiting professor at LSU(1948-1951), Princeton (1953-4), Memphis 1954), U. of Texas(1957), U. of Massachusetts(1965) and may have taught at The Citadel one year.
Simkins built a reputation as an excellent teacher—at ease, unaffected, and devoted to his students, challenging them to think for themselves. He thoroughly enjoyed teaching, made friends with his students and treated them as a patient father would his children. FBS knew his material and possessed a colloquial and witty style. Students were certain from his style that what he was saying was important. He often caught his students' attention by pointing out the humor in a person or event. His penchant for the occasional extravagant statement endeared him to students and faculty as when he remarked that Thomas Jefferson "was not too simple to live in a roman mansion instead of a log cabin and to drink Madeira instead of cider." He loved to make such outrageous statements and then say in his stacatto voice: "Now what do you think of that!" Fond of inviting students to lunch for discussion, he neither dominated the conversation nor tempted to influence their thinking unduly. Although he never tried to proselyte his students, basic to all his teachings were his faith in farmers and agrarian movements and Christianity as he had learned it in old Edgefield. He loved to proclaim to students and friends that he never read anything but "old newspapers" and yet he knew Drieser's American Tragedy and Faulkner's Absalom Absalom plus the anthropology of the Negro race.
Once I visited his classroom, leaving with several impressions: " Here is a great mind, a witty and entertaining lecturer, an humble person and the typical 'absent-minded professor'—completely indifferent to conventions and to creature comforts." He had rubbed against the blackboard and was covered with chalk, got his foot caught in the trash can and did not notice it at first.
It would be difficult to say which Francis liked better: writing or teaching. In any event the two channels gave him the opportunity to communicate the ideas which circulated rapidly in his mind. One great disappointment was that he did not write a biography of Jefferson Davis. He claimed he had written part out by hand but no one has found this yet.
Eccentricities- The personal peculiarities of Francis Butler Simkins are legend among his students, colleagues and family. "Doc's" dress as well as his undress attracted attention. He dressed in a careless and somewhat quaint fashion wearing, for example, an old homburg hat on trips that made him look scruffy. Some unverified tales say he had appeared in complete undress to some students or peers.
Every day he had trouble keeping his shirttail in. When his wife told him to tuck it into his shorts the problem was compounded: now his shorts showed when his pants fell down.
Francis' feet gave him lots of trouble; he never cut his toenails; often removed his shoes and sometimes cut holes in his shoes. When he propped his feet up for comfort, the holes in his socks made by the toenails were prominent. His wife, Margaret, said he was the only person she knew who could wreck a house with one orange and The New York Times. He peeled and discarded pieces of both as he walked through the house. Also he had a crazy habit of tearing off pieces of newspaper, rolling them up, sticking them in his ear and then tossing them aside.
He rejected the germ theory of disease and once served homemade ice-cream mixed with hair from friendly dogs. At cocktail parties he would eat anything with his hands whether finger food or not. FBS did, however, appreciate good food and drink. He buried his liquor in the yard at Farmville allegedly to keep his alcoholic friends from finding it.
Francis was very tight with money. Family always said he could out fumble everyone when the check came. Margaret never gave him more than a few dollars because he habitually lost money. Also he frequently lost notes and records. All his colleagues joked about his carelessness and forgetfulness. Once in paying for a soda for a distinguished historian, he reached into the depths of his pants pocket and pulled out "the most crumpled dollar bill I have ever seen." Family legend says that the "FB" stood for "free board" as Fetch could always find places to stay free with friends and colleagues.
Although Francis was married and divorced and then remarried to the wonderful Margaret, he was too innocent to be a ladies man. One afternoon Margaret informed Francis she had been to visit the doctor. Preoccupied with something else, Doc asked vaguely about Dr. Smith's health. Margaret informed him she had not been to see Doctor Smith about his health but her own. Sitting Francis down, she told him she had some important news—she was pregnant. This shocked him so much that Doc stammered a bit before apologetically admitting: "My God, Margaret, I feel partially responsible!"
When Margaret was pregnant and could not clean out the tub, FBS configured a hose hanging from a tree in the backyard and took his showers there.
Ordinarily Doc wrote at odd hours on an antique typewriter. An early rise, he liked to set up under a shady tree at first light, but when his noisy typing outside annoyed his neighbors, he removed to the local graveyard, where apparently his hunt and peck typing disturbed not a soul.
Doc enjoyed interesting people but if the conversation lagged, he would doze..once at the banquet on stage at the Southern Historical Association and also at a violin solo by his department chairman at LSU.
Many believe that these eccentricities plus his bold style of proclaiming the Truth as he saw it kept FBS from receiving either the academic position or the professional recognition that his ability merited.
Philosophy –FBS' philosophy of history and particularly his views on race and the south were complicated and contradictory.
His 1932 book Reconstruction in South Carolina accepted the Negro as part of reconstruction and not necessarily the evil part. FBS and his co-author Woody were roundly criticized by other southern historians but praised by black and northern writers. It is still considered a classic although 70 years later it may seem old fashioned to some. Williamson, author of 1965 book on the Negro in SC 1861-1877: "I am profoundly impressed with their scholarly craftsmanship and human perception."
Simkins' principle concern was to "convey the realities I have seen and heard in the many years I have lived in the region below the Potomac….I have heard tales and seen deeds the formal historian fails to record. I have felt the Southern past in both its exalting and depressing moods. I know the glories of the Southern legend, and through contact with the outside world I have pierced this legend. Ancestor worship gives me opportunity both to cheer and jeer. I have traveled through the South, through its mountains and its forests, through its brier patches and its swamps. I have emerged with the realization that there are other things as important as the colonel and his Lady. I have traveled through the rest of the United States, through its centers of learning and wealth, through its slums and its factories. I have emerged with the realization that there is much about the southern way of life worthy of imitation."
More and more he came to stress the distinctive character of "The Everlasting South" and to question the validity of such that passed for progress in the modern South.
FBS claims his views of the Negro were (at least in the early 60s when his last works were published) what most white southerners believed: segregation as a way of life should be preserved. Francis and his wife Margaret were leaders in the Prince Edward County attempt to circumvent integration by abandoning the public schools and setting up private schools. Margaret taught in one of the new schools.
However, in true old south style, FBS treated all black people with kindness and dignity, even loving deeply certain black people in his life—Will who brought him food when they both lived in Charleston and Add Childs at whose funeral he spoke .
Fetch was not ashamed of being a southerner and was proud of his origins and ancestry. He concentrated on understanding and justifying historically the plain white people of the south especially their heroes like BR Tillman.
"I propose to stress those political and social traits that make the region between the Potomac and the Rio Grande a cultural province conscience of its identity, retaining country habits such as an interest in rifles, dogs and wildlife. When at LSU Margaret and Francis "lived in the shadow of the football stadium." Francis philosophized: "Indeed, pride in the strength of sectional football teams took its place along with pride in the valor of the Confederate army as a major source of Southern chauvinism." Doc was no longer the country bumpkin when he spoke and wrote in opposition to the nationalizing of southern history. "The most elementary concept of sound historiography—the ability to appraise the past by standards other than those of the present." Having grown up with Jim Crow laws, FBS wanted to be both on the side of justice and of the South as he understood it.
Our final look at Francis Butler Simkins is a bit about his personal life. He was first married to a beautiful and voluptuous blonde student, Edna Chandler, a rural Virginian. Fetch's biographer believes Francis thought Edna was similar to the glamorous Jane, wife of Rudiger Bilden. The resemblance was only skin deep: Edna was no intellectual like the Mississippi girl, Jane.
After a divorce, FBS married an English professor and widow, Margaret Lawrence. She was tiny and had reddish curly hair, somewhat reminiscent of "Miss Sally" in looks but Margaret was very sweet tempered. Margaret helped Fetch organize his research and writings and, to some extent, his whole life. Their one child, Francis Butler junior was born in 1943. Fetch always enjoyed going back to Edgefield. In 1944 "Chip" (as FBS Junior was always called) and Elliott G. Simkins (brother Elliott's grandson) were christened in the family christening gowns and at tiny Trinity church where all the Mac and Sally children had been christened. After the death of FBS and at a beautiful memorial service, a plaque was placed inside the small church and dedicated to this interesting and provocative historian.
Beneath the sometimes bombastic gadfly and iconoclastic exterior was a very kind and truly humble gentleman, Francis Butler Simkins . He was able to stay friendly with most of the people who disagreed with him. Doc's students, family friends and those colleagues who knew him best forgave Simkins' many faults and truly loved this eccentric and brilliant southern historian
Copyright (c) By Sarah Graydon McCrory, 2002
Return to Frances Butler Simkins Home Page


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So you can just be friends with a girl! Harry Styles steps out with a pretty blonde as she insists it's just platonic
00:57 GMT, 1 May 2012
If being his girlfriend is out of reach, then it's the role most females across the globe want instead – being Harry Styles' confidante.
The cheeky One Direction star stepped out with a pretty blonde, reportedly
his old school friend Ellis Calcutt.
However, despite earning himself a reputation as somewhat of a ladies man, she insists they are just good friends.
Just friend: Harry Styles steps out with old school friend Ellis Calcutt
It seems Harry might still be harbouring a soft spot then for Emma Ostilly, an aspiring model he was spied kissing while on tour in New Zealand last week.
Harry and Ellis' body language spoke volumes, although celebrities are often encouraged to keep their distance from love interests so as to avoid media speculation.
At least the 18-year-old didn't have to hide his love for his lavish new Audi R8 Coupe, which he clearly couldn't wait to take for a spin on his return to his parents house in Cheshire.
Showing off! The 18-year-old singer went for a spin in his brand new Audi R8 Coupe
The pair went for a coffee after Harry showed off his new set of wheels.
the outing didn't go unnoticed by his fans, who were also spotted
leaning forward to try and catch a glimpse of their idol in the driving
Hopefully Ellis won't be the subject of a hate campaign, after Emma was forced to shut down her Twitter page after she became a target by jealous One Direction devotees.
Lady magnet! Harry attracted even more attention than usual as he drove around in the lavish vehicle
Ellis has already addressed rumours, insisting they are just
friends from school who hadn't seen each other in a while.
wrote online: 'Wow, you people are sooo quick to make up rumours! Me
& Harry went for coffee together as we haven't seen each other since
last year!
'We're only
good friends and have been since high school. I have a lovely boyfriend
called Phil so you can stop spreading rumours about me and Harry dating
each other because we absolutely are not!'
Time off: The new girl he's been enjoying time with said she has 'a lovely boyfriend called Phil'
Sealed with a kiss: Emma Ostilly was forced to delete her Twitter page after jealous One Direction fans sent her hate mail following her kiss with Harry


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The perennial horsetail (Equisetum arvense) has been highly valued as an herbal remedy since ancient Romans and Greeks discovered its many benefits. The small plant is directly descended from a large tree-like plant that thrived 400 million years ago during the Paleozoic era, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Growth Location
Horsetail occurs throughout most of Europe, Asia, the Middle East and North America. In many parts of the world it is considered to be an invasive weed. It thrives in moist soil along riverbanks, stream beds, lake shores, bottoms lands, swamps, meadows, moist woodlands and open fields. Despite its preference for moist soil, it will also grow in barren spots.
The horsetail resembles asparagus when emerging from the ground. The stems of the plant are hollow. The plant dries in the sun and forms silica crystals in the stems and branches. This gives the plant a feather-like appearance. The silica crystals are often used to polish metal, especially pewter. Silica from horsetail has also been used in the production of toothpaste, optical fibers and paint.
Horsetail spreads by spores and a creeping rhizome root system. The plant is considered to be dimorphic, meaning it produces both vegetative spikes and fern fronds. The spores are born on long spikes topped with a reproductive cone. In the umbrella-shaped cone are sporophylls, which produce reproductive spores that are spread on the wind.
Medicinal Purposes
Horsetail is a favored herbal medication used to treat urinary tract infections, minor wounds, kidney stones and osteoporosis. However, there is no scientific evidence that the herb works, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. The stems and foliage of the plant are harvested and either dried or used fresh.
If a hay contains more then 20 percent horsetail it can prove fatal to horses who ingest it. Too much horsetail causes scours and paralysis in horses, and quickly proves fatal, according to Utah State University.