text:
The tragedy of
once king of england
Hugh Bibbs, B.A.
There is an ancient manuscript in the British Museum which tells the story, firsthand, of the last years of Harold Godwinesson. It is a manuscript which has been ignored by historians for the simple reason that it tells a story contradictory to the official history. All other sources from the same period which deal with King Harold II state that he was killed at the Battle of Hastings in A.D. 1066. This manuscript tells that he survived the battle, barely, and was able to live under an assumed identity for the rest of his life. This text will examine the merits of the official history, and offer the reader an opportunity to know the unofficial story, and to choose between the two.
The Fate of King Harold II
In studying the life of King Harold II, we rely upon the accounts recorded in medieval manuscripts and, usually, the earlier the manuscript, the more credibility it has. There are just a handful which survive, and these only in copy form, to remain available to us at the beginning of the third millenium.
In addition to copies of the AngloSaxon Chronicle there are copies of other manuscripts written by AngloNorman historians living in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
The most quoted of these scribes has been William of Malmesbury, whose History of the Kings of England was compiled from all available source material in the twelfth century. Malmesbury's sources were not all that good, however. He found it impossible to sort out chronologies correctly from his sources, and so his own edited version of English history contains frequent errors. He was not an eyewitness to what he wrote of, and he admits readily his own difficulty as an objective historian with the contradictions in his sources.
The writings of John of Worcester also refer to the story of King Harold, but are largely dependent upon the same small repository of documentation used by Malmesbury.
Where the AngloSaxon records are concerned, much of what the later English medieval editors relied upon can be found in the AngloSaxon Chronicle itself. The annual Chronicle, being one of the few contemporary accounts of events in the early English middle ages, can be relied upon as definitive. When secondary sources contradict it, the Chronicle is the undisputed authority. In addition to the AngloSaxon sources, however, there are two very good Norman sources. They both have an account of the aftermath of the battle of Hastings.
William of Poitiers' Gesta Guillelmi (circa A.D.1075) reports that after the battle Harold's body was brought into the Duke's camp, and that Duke William may have buried the remains at seaside.
Additionally (with our confirmation after referring to English Historical Documents Vol.II 1042-1189), reader Mike Mallett correctly writes the following...
The account of the contemporary chronicler William of Poitiers, states that the body of Harold was given to William Malet for burial: "The two brothers of the King were found near him and Harold himself, stripped of all badges of honour, could not be identified by his face but only by certain marks on his body. His corpse was brought into the Duke's camp, and William gave it for burial to William, surnamed Malet, and not to Harold's mother, who offered for the body of her beloved son its weight in gold. For the Duke thought it unseemly to receive money for such merchandise, and equally he considered it wrong that Harold should be buried as his mother wished, since so many men lay unburied because of his avarice. They said in jest that he who had guarded the coast with such insensate zeal should be buried by the seashore"
The Carmen of Hastingae Proelio by Bishop Guy of Amiens (circa A.D.1066) provides the best account of the Battle of Hastings. He confirms the story found in Poitier's version, but adds significantly to the detail.
"Harold's dismembered body gathered together, and wrapped what he had gathered in fine purple linen; and returning to his camp by the sea, he bore it with him, that he might carry out the customary funeral rites."
When Lady Gytha offered the Conqueror its weight in gold for her son Harold's body, "the Duke, infuriated, utterly rejected both petitions, swearing that he would sooner entrust the shores of that very port to him- under a heap of stones. Therefore, even as he had sworn, he commanded the body to be buried in the earth on the high summit of a cliff..." A memorial stone was inscribed as follows:
"By the Duke's commands, O Harold, you rest here a king, That you may still be guardian of the shore and sea".
As the medievalist Nick Austin of Crowhurst has pointed out, Harold was given a full-blown Viking burial.
The only other source for Harold which exists in an Anglosaxon manuscript which is not a much later copy, but is an original late twelfth or early thirteenth century copy, is from the Abbey of Waltham.
This manuscript is entitled Vita Haroldi.
The Vita Haroldi
The Vita Haroldi manuscript was kept by the Abbey of Waltham in honour of their royal patron, King Harold, who survived a terrible sickness under their care during the reign of Edward the Confessor. Harold's personal religious conversion occurred during his convalescence there. Harold's father, Earl Godwine of Wessex, was the power behind the throne during Edward's reign. The patronage of Earl Harold kept the Abbey at Waltham going.
That this particular manuscript was kept there is curious. The fact that their twelfth century copy of the Vita Haroldi was copied from another edition, perhaps the original edition, means that they actually went out of their way to obtain the text and ensure its survival. Interestingly, for centuries after Harold's death, Waltham Abbey made its income from the patronage of AngloSaxons who came there to visit the tomb of the last AngloSaxon King. But, if their manuscript Vita Haroldi tells a true story, Harold was not buried at Waltham Abbey in 1066, as the English people have always supposed. And the monks of the Abbey could have had no self-interest in recording that as a fact, unless they knew that he was buried there, but years later.
It may be supposed that devotion to their last royal patron gave them the motive to preserve his story in the face of official lies. On the other hand, it may be that they found the story both compelling and an inspiration to read. It is a simple and tragic story, like Asser's Life of Alfred without the happy ending. It is not like other classical romance fiction of the thirteenth century, which tends to be overlong on the fantastic. It has more in common with Asser's Alfred, that other devotional biography, plainly written, apparently with first hand knowledge.
When the prolific nineteenth century editor and translator of the medieval English manuscripts, J.A.Giles, edited his version of the Vita Haroldi, he left it in latin. The first, and only, usable English translation was published in 1885 by a senior assistant in the department of manuscripts in the British Museum, Walter Birch.
Birch was dead keen on the ancient manuscript under his care, and knew that there would be others interested in the story it told. His own interpretation of its origins was simple enough. He took it at face value. It is a story originally written down by a scribe prior to the late twelfth century (when the existing manuscript was made at Waltham Abbey). That author references a shorter primary source which had itself been written by someone with first hand knowledge obtained directly from the last person to have had dealings with Harold Godwinesson: his confessor.
Even as fiction, it is a brilliant story. It contains clever turns of plot and character which anticipate Sir Walter Scott's great novel Ivanhoe. Tremendous emphasis on religious devotion is the reader's constant companion. Christian devotion is the linchpin of all medieval literature, providing both plot and characters with motivation and fulfillment. Such religious emphasis can be tiresome to the modern reader, but it must have been relentlessly interesting to an audience one thousand years ago.
Evidence and Conjecture
What is the evidence supporting the official version of Harold's death at Hastings Field in 1066, apart from the repetition of hearsay?
The usual acceptance of that story is based entirely upon the official record, as found in the AngloSaxon Chronicle and in the Bayeaux Tapestry. The Chronicle tells us only that William's army fought Harold's near Pevensey, and that Harold fell and was slain, along with his brothers Gyrth and Leofwine. Nothing further, not even an arrow through the eye, is mentioned in the AngloSaxon Chronicle, the only contemporary AngloSaxon record we have of the Battle of Hastings in 1066. But, it can be stated without question that the scribe who recorded that event in the annual entry did not know from personal firsthand knowledge that King Harold had died at Hastings Field. He accepted current wisdom as fact.
There would have been no reason for him to doubt the official version of Harold's death. Chief among the proofs was the fact that the dead King had been buried; where, though, nobody could agree on. Was it on a Hastings cliff top, or at Waltham Abbey, or neither of these places? Was Harold even recognisable in death? Few of the Norman host would have known what he looked like, even before his face was mutilated in death. If his alleged corpse had been dismembered and the face mutilated, only his clothing identified him to them.
The Unofficial History
According the Vita Haroldi, King Harold secretly survived the Battle of Hastings, although terribly wounded.
Even if fictional, the tale in the Vita Haroldi was possibly playing upon actual doubt.
What is interesting here, is the fact that in the official Norman version of this history, Harold's corpse was reportedly dismembered, and the Duke caused it to be "gathered together, and wrapped what he had gathered" in royal purple. Who hacked the corpse into pieces? Was it possible that the Saxon's own royal housecarls hastily improvised the faked remains of a not-quite dead Harold? Was the injured King actually whisked from the battlefield incognito by his personal bodyguard?
If the King had not been mortally wounded in the field, there is absolutely no doubt that his loyal troops would have concealed that fact, if it was within their power to do so, to preserve him from assassination. According to the Vita Haroldi, when Lady Gytha, the dowager Baroness of Wessex, demanded her son's body for burial, the Conqueror would not, or could not, consent. The alleged body had been disposed of somehow. If indeed King Harold yet survived, it was no longer as King, but as refugee.
William made his conquest irreversible. Through the immediate and repeated taxation of England, using the military hundreds exchequer set up by Alfred the Great, he was able to finance an enormous mercenary army of occupation. The soldiery of France came into his service, and all of his Norman and French underlords received titles to former English manors and earldoms. They would fight for their own land if not for his.
All across England, each of them built castles with keeps and dungeons from which they would sally forth under arms to terrorise the local English peasantry. Organised revolts were crushed with a scorched earth policy. The rich populations round about York were punished for their revolt: with annihilation. Every man, beast and construction, and even the very vegetation, was removed for hundreds of square miles, and York itself burnt off the face of the earth. The area remained impoverished into the twentieth century.
Meanwhile, according to the Vita Haroldi, King Harold was nursed back to health by a Saracen woman skilled in the medical trade, the Arabs at that time excelling all other peoples both in surgery and in the use of pharmaceuticals.
Having finally recovered, he secretly went overseas in 1068, to Germany to rally support for a counter-revolution. In this, he failed completely. He found no support forthcoming, either from the Saxons or from the Danes, whose Royal House the Godwine family had once served so well. This retirement overseas in 1068 coincides the sudden departure of his mother. According to the AngloSaxon Chronicle entry for 1068, Lady Gytha also retired overseas that same year, to St. Omer. It is possible that she would have gotten word of his safe arrival, and gone to meet him there.
For years afterwards, having no choice but to remain in Europe, a furtive exile, Harold Godwinesson kept up a constant pilgrimage from shrine to shrine, eventually reaching Rome itself. Through this exile, he was forced to reinvent his own character from that of the proud AngloSaxon nobleman to that of the humble supplicant of the universal Church.
Eventually, he resigned himself to the life of a penitent, and resolved then to return secretly to England and live quietly there as a religious hermit. This he did.
In this way, King Harold imitated King Alfred's own internal exile during the height of the Danelaw, when Guthrum's Vikings commanded even Wessex, and Alfred had to assume the identity of a peasant and hide out in the fens.
Harold landed back home in England near Dover, and hid in a cave there. He decided to head north to the Welsh marcher lands. They were far enough away from William's court, and Harold knew the lay of the land well, having ravaged Wales as the Commander of Edward's invading army of occupation years before.
He did not find a kind reception inside Wales, and retreated to a hideout near Chester, where he spent the rest of his life as a hermit.
When he went out in public, he wore a veil over his face, as the most extreme religious hermits would do. His motive in imitating that particular habit may have been to protect his identity from accidental discovery. The role of the hermit provided a perfect cover for the fugitive King. Apparently, a few, who got to know the old hermit well, began to suspect who he really was.
He cagily never admitted anything to his friends there. But, he never outright denied his identity, and let them know that he had been at Hastings himself when Harold fell, and that he had been bound to King Harold more than to anything else in this life.
It was on his deathbed, then, and only to his confessor, that the old hermit finally answered the question directly. He made the priest swear to keep it a secret if he should yet live, and never to tell until he had died. Then he admitted to his confessor that he had once been, and still was in fact, Earl Godwinesson of Wessex, Harold II, the King of England.
Decide for yourself whether or not to accept this version of events. It is of great antiquity, and has no direct contemporary rebuttal specifically attacking its unusual claims. Why did the monks of Waltham Abbey keep this story? Well, why wouldn't they keep it? If it isn't a good enough yarn for the monks of Harold's Abbey at Waltham to have wanted to have a copy of for themselves, I don't know what is.
It remains a possibility that the monks of the Abbey received the body of the old hermit, having accepted the story of his deathbed confession as the truth. They may have interred him in consecrated ground and then let it be known that the last AngloSaxon King was buried there. Whatever the story was, it soon became an uncontested fact in England that Harold was buried at Waltham Abbey, not in a Viking mound at land's end on the Sussex coast.
The whereabouts of his mortal remains will continue to be a mystery, however, since the marked gravesite at Waltham Abbey was once excavated out of curiosity. It was found to be empty.
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Everyone knows that college is extremely expensive. It's not just the tuition, room and board it's also the books, food and everything else that goes along with college. Everyone knows that if you're ordering food all the time, out partying or having a good time that your money can disappear pretty quickly. Here are some creative ways of making sure that you don't dip into your savings as much as you might otherwise, and can maybe even make your savings grow.
1) Start a Certificate CD – Saving money is the best way to watch it grow. Put your money in a certificate or a CD in your local bank to earn extended interest and watch it grow. Since you can't touch this money without a penalty until the CD expires, this is also a great way to avoid impulse spending, which usually results in the purchase of something unnecessary anyway.
2) Don't Go out as Much – We all like to go out and have some fun, but there are limits that need to be controlled. Going out regularly not only can easily effect your academic performance, but can drain your wallet pretty fast. I've seen people spend hundreds of dollars, even thousands of dollars over a weekend on nightlife, and to me it simply doesn't make much sense. There are much cheaper options for entertainment on the weekends, which is what I like to prefer, as I like to keep my money in my bank account as much as possible.
3) Cut Down on Food Ordering – Ordering late night food can be fun and very rewarding, but it can also be devastating at the same time. Not only will it probably cause you to gain quite a bit of weight, but it will cost you hundreds or maybe even thousands of dollars over the course of the school year. Try to cut down on late night ordering and save yourself some money, and try buying snacks for your room instead. This is a much healthier, cheaper option, and you're still fulfilling that late night craving.
4) Start a Business – There are a lot of opportunities to start businesses while in college. Many of the world's best businessmen started their business while in college, and many of them actually dropped out because their business was so successful. I see people do it every year. Not that they're going to necessarily become a millionaire selling t shirts or offering services, but they can certainly make a lot of money on a college campus, especially if it's a big university.
5) Avoid Wasteful Spending – Buy your books online instead of the bookstore, and buy them used if possible. Another big money saver is selling your books online, instead of selling them back to the bookstore. Although the bookstore may offer you quick cash, they're going to low-ball you and you'll end up getting more for the book than you would at the bookstore. Even though selling the book online is more work, it's not that difficult, and I'm sure your parents would be willing to help with the shipping if it means saving them money on books.
6) Get a Job – Although this may be difficult because of time constraints, if you can get a job on campus, or at a local mall that typically gets college students applying this can really help you save yourself from depleting your savings account. Any on campus employer would be flexible with your schedule, and most stores near campuses are probably also flexible due to the large amount of college students that probably apply to their store. If you can land a flexible position, this can really help you make some nice spending money while at college.
Saving money in college can be difficult, as everything seems to cost so much. If you follow the tips above it can really help you save a lot of money in your years at college. I actually did a good job of saving money while at college, leaving my savings account fairly full.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
Huge thanks to Anthony who emailed me his thoughts on the new iPad 2, especially for mobile music makers. Here's what he has to say:
I stood out in line yesterday and got an iPad 2. I thought I'd share my impressions (specific to mobile music) of the iPad 2.
+Flat back.
I'm sure many mobile musicians share my frustration with the way the first iPad would rock when played on a flat surface.
+Much wider dynamic range speaker.
Sound quality is still low, but now you can actually hear bass notes.
+Smart cover stand positions.
Might interest mobile music folks.
+Most importantly, speed.
Everything is much faster. To me, the most noticeable improvement is in switching between apps (although the difference is noticeable pretty much everywhere). Now it feels like
the iPad actually multitasks. This makes negotiating the pasteboard a lot less tedious.
My only reservation is that the new jacks (headphone and dock) are probably less robust. Less of the connector is inside each jack (because the jacks follow the iPad's new contoured edge), resulting in
what is probably a mechanically inferior connection. Considering there were already numerous complaints from the mobile music crowd even when the dock cable fit firmly and completely into the jack of the iPad 1, I suspect this could present a problem for those who use CCK+USB (or maybe even those who use iRig style devices with the headphone jack).
Great upgrade. I strongly recommend it.


text:
Noam Chomsky
Aghast at the atrocities by US forces invading the Philippines, and the rhetorical flights about liberation and noble intent that routinely accompany crimes of state, Mark Twain threw up his hands at his inability to wield his formidable weapon of satire.
The immediate object of his frustration was the renowned Gen. Frederick Funston. "No satire of Funston could reach perfection," Twain lamented, "because Funston occupies that summit himself ... (he is) satire incarnated." Twain's conceit often comes to mind, again in recent weeks during the Russia-Georgia-Ossetia war. George Bush, Condoleezza Rice and other dignitaries solemnly invoked the sanctity of United Nations, warning that Russia could be excluded from international institutions "by taking actions in Georgia that are inconsistent with" UN principles.
The sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations must be rigorously honoured, they intoned — "all nations" apart from those that the United States chooses to attack: Iraq, Serbia, perhaps Iran, and a long, familiar list of others.
The junior partner joined in as well. British foreign secretary David Miliband accused Russia of engaging in "19th century forms of diplomacy" by invading a sovereign state, something Britain would never contemplate today. Such an act "is simply not the way that international relations can be run in the 21st century," Miliband added, echoing the decider-in-chief, who said that invasion of "a sovereign neighbouring state ... is unacceptable in the 21st century."
The interplay of satire and real-life events becomes "even more enlightening," Serge Halimi wrote in Le Monde diplomatique, "when, to defend his country's borders, the charming pro-American (Mikheil) Saakashvili repatriates some of the 2,000 soldiers he had sent to invade Iraq," one of the largest contingents apart from the two warrior states.Prominent analysts joined the chorus. Fareed Zakaria applauded Bush's observation that Russia's behavior is unacceptable today, unlike the 19th century, "when the Russian intervention would have been standard operating procedure for a great power." We therefore must devise a strategy for bringing Russia "in line with the civilized world," where intervention is unthinkable.The seven charter members of the Group of Eight industrialised countries issued a statement "condemning the action of our fellow G8 member," Russia, which has yet to comprehend the Anglo-American commitment to non-intervention. The European Union held a rare emergency meeting to condemn Russia's crime, its first meeting since the invasion of Iraq, which elicited no condemnation.
Russia called for an emergency session of the UN Security Council, but no consensus was reached because, according to Council diplomats, the United States, Britain and some others rejected a phrase that called on both sides "to renounce the use of force."
The reactions recall Orwell's observations on the "indifference to reality" of the nationalist, who "not only does not disapprove of atrocities committed by his own side, but ... has a remarkable capacity for not even hearing about them."The basic history is not seriously in dispute. South Ossetia and Abkhazia (with its ports on the Black Sea) were assigned by Stalin to his native Georgia. (Now Western leaders sternly admonish that Stalin's directives must be respected.)The provinces enjoyed relative autonomy until the collapse of the USSR. In 1990, Georgia's ultranationalist president Zviad Gamsakhurdia abolished autonomous regions and invaded South Ossetia. The bitter war that followed left 1,000 dead and tens of thousands of refugees.A small Russian force supervised a long, uneasy truce, broken on Aug. 7 when Georgian president Saakashvili's ordered his forces to invade. According to "an extensive set of witnesses," The New York Times reports, Georgia's military at once "began pounding civilian sections of the city of Tskhinvali, as well as a Russian peacekeeping base there, with heavy barrages of rocket and artillery fire."
The predictable Russian response drove Georgian forces out of South Ossetia, and Russia went on to conquer parts of Georgia, then partially withdrawing to the vicinity of South Ossetia. There were many casualties and atrocities. As is normal, the innocent suffered severely.
In the background of the Caucasus tragedy lie two crucial issues. One is control over natural gas and oil pipelines from Azerbaijan to the West. Georgia was chosen by Bill Clinton to bypass Russia and Iran, also heavily militarized for the purpose. Hence Georgia is "a very major and strategic asset to us," Zbigniew Brzezinski observes.
It is noteworthy that analysts are becoming less reticent in explaining real US motives in the region as pretexts of dire threats and liberation fade and it becomes more difficult to deflect Iraqi demands for withdrawal of the occupying army. Thus the editors of The Washington Post admonished Barack Obama for regarding Afghanistan as "the central front" for the United States, reminding him that Iraq "lies at the geopolitical centre of the Middle East and contains some of the world's largest oil reserves," and Afghanistan's "strategic importance pales beside that of Iraq." A welcome, if belated, recognition of reality about the US invasion.
The second divisive issue in the Caucasus is expansion of Nato to the East. As the Soviet Union collapsed, Mikhail Gorbachev made a concession that was astonishing in the light of recent history and strategic realities: He agreed to allow a united Germany to join a hostile military alliance.Gorbachev agreed to the concession on the basis of "assurances that Nato would not extend its jurisdiction to the east, 'not one inch' in (Secretary of State) Jim Baker's exact words," according to Jack Matlock, the US ambassador to Russia in the crucial years 1987 to 1991.
Clinton quickly reneged on that commitment, also dismissing Gorbachev's effort to end the Cold War with cooperation among partners. And Nato rejected a Russian proposal for a nuclear-weapons-free-zone from the Arctic to the Black Sea, which would have "interfered with plans to extend NATO," strategic analyst and former Nato planner Michael McGwire observes.
Gorbachev's hopes were abandoned in favour of US triumphalism. Clinton's steps were sharply escalated by Bush's aggressive posture and actions. Matlock writes that Russia might have tolerated incorporation of former Russian satellites into Nato if the United States "had not bombed Serbia and continued expanding. But, in the final analysis, ABM missiles in Poland, and the drive for Georgia and Ukraine in Nato crossed absolute red lines. The insistence on recognizing Kosovo independence was sort of the very last straw. Putin had learned that concessions to the US were not reciprocated, but used to promote US dominance in the world. Once he had the strength to resist, he did so," in Georgia.
There is much talk about a "new cold war" instigated by brutal Russian behaviour in Georgia. One cannot fail to be alarmed by new US naval contingents in the Black Sea — the counterpart would hardly be tolerated in the Gulf of Mexico — and other signs of confrontation. Efforts to expand Nato to Ukraine, now contemplated, could become extremely hazardous. Vice President Cheney's recent visits to Georgia and Ukraine are recklessly provocative.
Nonetheless, a new Cold War seems unlikely. To evaluate the prospect, we should begin by clarity about the old Cold War. Fevered rhetoric aside, in practice the Cold War was a tacit pact in which each of the contestants was largely free to resort to violence and subversion to control its own domains: for Russia, its Eastern neighbours; for the global superpower, most of the world. Human society need not endure — and might not survive — a resurrection of anything like that.A sensible alternative is the Gorbachev vision rejected by Clinton and undermined by Bush. Sane advice along these lines has recently been given by former Israeli Foreign Minister and historian Shlomo ben-Ami, writing in the Lebanese press:
"Russia must seek genuine strategic partnership with the US, and the latter must understand that, when excluded and despised, Russia can be a major global spoiler. Ignored and humiliated by the US since the Cold War ended, Russia needs integration into a new global order that respects its interests as a resurgent power, not an anti-Western strategy of confrontation."
понедельник, 15 сентября 2008 г.
Georgia and the Neocon Cold Warriors
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More than 20 million people watched the televised Senate testimony from Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh and Christine Blasey Ford. That's an audience size roughly similar to that of a playoff football game or the Academy Awards.
Associated Press
Budget cuts have forced the Internal Revenue Service to slash its enforcement staff by a third since 2011. The rate at which the agency audits tax returns has plummeted by 42 percent since then, with just 328 criminal referrals in 2016. The IRS estimates that business owners alone cheat the government of $125 billion in taxes every year.
About 700 grizzly bears currently live in the vicinity of Yellowstone National Park. When the animal was first placed on the Endangered Species Act list, only about 125 were known to be living in the area.
The New York Times
Last winter, 80,000 Americans died of the flu and related complications, the most since the winter of 1976-77, according to the Centers for Disease Control. Only about 47 percent of Americans elect to receive flu vaccinations.
Minority journalists made up 16.6 percent of the media workforce in 2017, compared with 11.3 percent in 1997, according to the American Society of News Editors. But 39 percent of the U.S. population as a whole are minorities.
The Washington Post


text:
Sol QURASHI
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B Med, FRACS, FAOA
Dr Qurashi joined Beijing United Family Hospital as an honorary senior Hip and Knee Surgeon in 2017.
He is an Australian trained and based Orthopaedic hip and knee surgeon specialising in joint replacement and knee ligament reconstruction surgery. Most notably he pioneered the micro-invasive hip replacement technique, SuperPATH, in Australia and is the first surgeon to publish on patient-based functional outcomes of this technique with excellent results.
Dr. Qurashi received his medical degree from The University of Newcastle, Australia, in the year 2000 and was later awarded the fellowship by the Royal Australian College of Surgeons making him a specialist Orthopaedic Surgeon (FRACS). He then undertook a further subspecialty multi centre fellowship in Germany in joint replacement and reconstruction surgery broadening his skill base and experience in complex joint reconstructive surgery.
Thereafter, Dr Qurashi commenced private practice in Sydney and founded The Hip and Knee Clinic @ Harbourcity Orthopaedics in 2011. His current Australian practice is both in the private and public sectors and comprises mainly of hip and knee arthroplasty (replacement), knee ligament reconstruction, and realignment surgery.
He also has an active teaching role at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels with international fellowship programs, and academic affiliations and titles at the University of Sydney as well as the University of Notre Dame Australia. He is a key opinion leader in the field of Micro invasive hip replacement surgery and has lectured internationally on the topic. He is regularly invited to speak and train surgeons in the technique in many countries.
Dr. Qurashi is a Fellow of the Royal Australian College of Surgeons as well as the Australian Orthopaedic Association and a member of the Australian Society of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the Asia Pacific Arthroplasty Society, and the Australian Medical Association.
Dr. Qurashi' s personal website is:


text:
Probiotics. What is all the hype? Up until a couple of years ago I naively thought they were only beneficial for yeast infections and maintaining feminine health. Recent research has shown their benefits for everything from gut health, immune response, and weight loss.
What are Probiotics?
According to WebMD "Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for your health, especially your digestive system. We usually think of bacteria as something that causes diseases. But your body is full of bacteria, both good and bad. Probiotics are often called "good" or "helpful" bacteria because they help keep your gut healthy."


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Why are Transgender People More Likely to Attempt Suicide?
Sebastian Barr
It will not be news to anyone reading this that transgender people are more likely than non-transgender people to attempt suicide. The statistics about transgender suicide risk are among the best-known facts about transgender people.
I look at the research on the predictors of transgender suicidality.Read More


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Aircast® ArterialFlow System
Designed to augment arterial blood flow and microcirculation, the Aircast® ArterialFlow System is clinically proven to accelerate healing of ulcerative wounds and preserve limbs.
- Combines rapid inflation and graduated, sequential compression at high pressures and frequent inflation cycles, which works to empty the veins and reduce venous resistance
- Rapid inflation produces sufficient shear stress within the vein to induce a biologically mediated vasodilatory effect
- Potential applications: vascular insufficiency, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), intermittent claudication, critical limb ischemia (CLI) and limb salvage
Sold each.
Manufacturer Recommended HCPCS: E0675


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Free Tours by Foot Cusco – Decent Free Walking Tour in Cusco
Experience the top rated free walking tour Cusco recommended by hundreds of reviews, be one of the 150, 000 walkers who already joined us, join us at the most charming city in Peru, once the capital of the most advanced civilization ever in South America, known as "Qosqo" which is a Quechua word for "The Center of the Universe" | While walking with us you will get genuine free walks with No Bars or Pisco Sours, but a lot of history, culture, lifestyle and a lot of hardworking from your tour guide to earn your appreciation since our tours are tip based..
Honest Free Walking Tour Cusco
We are the pioneering top quality- honest walking tour company for more than 5 years, we don't over-promise neither under-deliver(brief explanation of Cusco history), come and join our original walks peppered with history not with bars or Fake offerings of free buses to Saqsayhuaman just to attract more tourists.
Important: To avoid misunderstandings: please Book after you Read our free tour itinerary(scroll down pls) so you also know our free tour Ending Place | We don´t want no misunderstandings at all.
Free Walking Tour Cusco Details
2.5 hours.
Jumper, Hat, Sunglasses and Water.
Look for InkanMilkyWay logo on the yellow vests at the Correct Meeting Point | Don´t get confused with other people!
See our testimonials on our Social Medias and review us at: 2500+ reviews on free tour Cusco TripAdvisor | 700+ google maps Cusco | 370+ Facebook | Recomended by Stefan Loose, Decide Wisely!
Based on Decent Tips, our tour guides don´t have a fixed salary!
Click on the book now button and get instant confirmation | You can also Click on the WhatsApp numbers, booking takes just 1 min.
Bonjour! Walker Français: Une free tour a un prix à la fin du tour, généralement un pourboire de vingt à trente soles | Nous offrons des free tours, pas de tours gratuites. Merci.
Meeting Point Map for our Cusco Free Tours – Google maps
5 reasons to walk with us:
All Free Tours In Cusco Have The Same Or Similar Route.
Let us guide you through the most ancient and magical inca buildings and the eccentric living style in Cusco, the capital city of the Incas once Known as Qosqo. Let us guide you through the most ancient and magical inca buildings and the eccentric living style in Cusco.
If you missed our morning free tour or you just arrived to Cusco city, join our tour full of history about the Incas and the Spanish influence, we will include all the historical center, no uphill walking at all so that everybody can enjoy a great tour, just bring a big smile, be keen to walk, we see you then.
Join the premier free walking tour team throughout the most remarkable places within the historical center of Cusco – genesis of the city – Inca Palace wall remains – Spanish influence – Socio-economical perspective of Cusco today, make the best of your day with the best company across Peru.
A fascinating genuine historical walking tour combining both Inca and Español in downtown of one the most charming cities in the world.
How does our Meeting Point look like?
Meeting Point Map for our Cusco Free Tours – Google maps
Make a wise decision in Cusco, see our awesome 1.8k+ reviews at:
Tour interesante y completisimoFue un acierto animarnos a hacer el tour. Aprendimos muchísimo, disfrutamos del recorrido y pudimos conocer los lugares más importantes de Cusco. Nuestro guía, What a great tour Richard, creo recordar, fue una verdadera sorpresa: con facilidad de palabra, interesante, ameno... un lujo haber contado con él. Gracias a ello pudimos ...
ExcelenteHicimos el tour con Richard. Una persona muy amena e instruida. Nos encontramos en la plaza Regocijo, un grupo muy grande de todas las nacionalidades. Nos enseñó toda la historia de Cusco, la cultura Inca y las costumbres actuales de los peruanos. Súper completo e interesante incluso para mi hija adolescente ...
A Great Historical walking tour of CuscoElvis was amazing - polite, friendly, and very knowledgeable about Cusco without being biased. The tour was about 3 hours in length despite staying within a small central area. We learned lots of interesting and new facts and really enjoyed our time with him ...
First thing to do in CuscoI've done this tour several times. It's a great intro to Cusco. This was the first time with Angela as our guide and she really did a great job especially with the San Pedro Market. I've spent a lot of time in Cusco and I still learned new ...
Lo mejorTome este tour ya que estaba organizando mi viaje a Cuzco de la forma más económica... y mi guía Richard fue muy cordial y nos supo explicar sobre toda la historia de Cuzco!!! Si alguien quiere un tour por la ciudad... les recomiendo este tour!!! Aparte ...
The best!We had an excellent tour round the historical centre of Cusco today, guided by Angela. Angela led us round San Pedro Market , explaining what all the weird and wonderful types of food we came across were, as well as describing the clothing and other objects that ...
What a great tourA really informative and personable guide Angie, Cusco native , took us for really amazing tour of the city! The market where we learned about the traditions and local food ,tried local fruit , learned all we needed to know about coca leaves for attitude sickness, botanical garden with colorful ..
Fun and very informative tourI did the English walking tour with Richard. It was really great - I felt like the emphasis was on Cuscos Incan/Quechuan history and this was a really pleasant surprise! I learned a lot of interesting facts and he led us to places I hadn't found on my ...
Tour interesante y completisimoFue un acierto animarnos a hacer el tour. Aprendimos muchísimo, disfrutamos del recorrido y pudimos conocer los lugares más importantes de Cusco. Nuestro guía, Richard, creo recordar, fue una verdadera sorpresa: con facilidad de palabra, interesante, ameno... un lujo haber contado con él. Gracias a ello pudimos ...
Why to choose us?
Private Walks in Cusco & More Free Tours in Peru
If you prefer joining a private walking tour, sign up for our custom walks in Cusco If you are traveling to Lima or Arequipa you can join our free tour partners, they are offering a good to great quality free walking tours.


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Should You Move to WordPress?
Click the infographic (image on left) to see it full size.
This infographic by Tom Treanor, the person who demystifies online marketing and makes it accessible and user-friendly for businesses of all sizes, may help you decide if WP is right for you.
Is a WordPress move in your future?
Learn more about Tom and his online marketing work at: Right Mix Marketing – Small Business Marketing Resources


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I am writing this on a slow Saturday afternoon. In front of me is a bowl of bright red strawberries, our living room is filled with the floral scent of peonies and through the windows I can see the green oasis that is our garden. As I consider my surroundings, I am reminded just how long this post is overdue. Filled with dark tones, comfort food and snow, the photographs seem almost of a different time. But the experience ... that's still very much one of the present.Read More
first we eat


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Dopey Challenge Update/
One month. One month until I take on the biggest challenge of my running career.
That's right.
The Dopey Challenge begins one month from today.
How time flies! I announced on April 9 that "I'm Dopey!"
And now the final decisions and training gets done.
Trip - January 7-14.
Flights - booked.
Hotel - reserved. We got into Pop Century after our original hotel fell through.
Park Tickets - bought.
Magicbands - secured.
Race Retreat - registered.
Meetup - set.
Make sure you join Kat (@KatrinaElleP), Linzie (@SeeSharpRun) & I at Downtown Disney on January 9 at 1pm for a sweet TweetUp. There will be fun, friends and prizes!! Stay tuned for a list of the awesome prizes we will be giving away that day!
Costumes - decided.
5k - Minnie Mouse
10k - Tinker Bell
Half - Jessie from Toy Story
Yes I am reusing costume from the Disney Half in January 2013! It was a winner! :)
Full - Snow White
Training - ummmm....
So here's where the plan goes a tad awry. I was rocking a great training plan until September 22nd when everything changed.
Enter metatarsalgia.
I think you can see how it has affected my training:
August: 129.00
September: 128.90
October: 65.40
November: 54.50
So where do I stand today? My longest run since I started Dopey Training in August has been a half marathon. I haven't run that far since October 27 when I took on the Rock 'n' Roll Half Marathon in Los Angeles.
At this point in time, I should be knocking out a 20-mile training run every weekend in December. But that won't be happening.
My goal now is to build as good of a base as I can. I am taking part in the #RWRunStreak and have put in at least 1 mile every day since Thanksgiving.
I am going to try to get in at least one 20-miler before I head to Disney if possible. If I don't, it will be okay. I know I will finish the Dopey Challenge.
I am not participating in the Dopey Challenge for time, but for fun! You can bet I will be taking pictures with as many characters as possible and sharing laughs with friends.
I am actually running the 10k with Krissy, possibly the Half with Kat and maybe the Full with my friend Kitty. Now if only I can find a friend for the 5k. Anyone? Anyone? Bueller? ;)
Did that sound desperate?
No matter what I will complete those 48.6 magical miles and these 6 glorious medals will be mine.
And I will enjoy every single second of the journey!
Are you also taking on the Dopey Challenge? How is your training coming along?


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Solar Materialities & Energy Transitions
Nurul Amillin Hussain
February 2018
DPhil School of Geography and the Environment (University of Oxford)
Due to global climate change politics and local government policies, Singapore is undergoing an energy transition, where solar energy is being pursued aggressively in an effort at decarbonizing the nation's traditional energy infrastructure. This project aims to study the energy transition by exploring the materiality of energy infrastructures in the relations, practices, performances and affects of the everyday lives of citizens living in high-rise, 'solar-ready' government housing estates. The project will use qualitative methods (e.g. ethnography, participant observations, interviews) to attend to the following questions: In Singapore's energy transition, has local, renewable energy production unsettled social, economic and ecological landscapes? Are new social environments being constructed? If so, how can we understand the relations between energy, infrastructure and experience in the environment?
The context for this research is provided by recent studies that have proposed to move away from viewing consumption of energy as something occurring exclusively between individuals and individual devices. This project proposes to move beyond studying cognitive processes of decision making that have been regularly used to explain energy-related behaviours. It aims to look at the interaction between human and non-human actors, drawing upon recent work within and beyond geography about materiality and the elemental, and their involvement in the energy infrastructures in government housing estates; from the elemental nature of solar energy production, the technical installation of panels on rooftops, to their use in powering communal spaces, and the eventual selling of surplus energy to the national grid. Central to the aims of the project is the exploration of the political dynamics of post-colonial state building. Are there political dynamics particular to Singapore's experience that challenge assumptions about what an energy transition involves? What kinds of 'energy citizens' or environmentalism produces, or is produced by, these renewable energy infrastructures?


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So we just had Cropfest XXX meaning this is the thirtieth time that a group of us have taken over a Guide HQ or similar venue and camped out (well slept on campbeds!) and scrapped. We love our budget weekends. This weekend, there were only 8 of us due to a last minue change in date but we managed an impressive gallery none the less!
We usually have a selection of challenges and this weekend was no exception. Unfortunately all my photos of them seem to have come out blurry! I wonder what setting I was on?
Anyway here's an abbreviated post with a couple of my favourites:
Bethan did a really cute layout of teddy bathtime for the 'use ribbon as a feature'
and Vee (http://vee83.blogspot.com/) did this amazingly detailed one for the 'over embellished' challenge
These two were my shortlist for the overall gallery vote.
This is my favourite of my weekend's efforts.


text: Following discussions with the Canteen Manager, Mr Bousfield, the SNAG Team's chosen 'fruit of the week' is now included in the Prep canteen menu! This month's menu includes delicious watermelon, strawberries, grapes, apples and bananas. Adding a cross-curricular element, the SNAG girls also made posters promoting each of the healthy fruit options including their names in Spanish.


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The Role of Calcium in Your Dog's Diet
It is important for your dog food contains all the essential vitamins to ensure good health. One of the important nutrients in your dog's diet is calcium. When we think of calcium, teeth and strong bones come to mind. Your dog food should be rich in calcium to support healthy teeth and bones, but there is a balance in relation to calcium and your dog food.
It is possible to have too much or too little calcium in your dog food. When dog food contains too little calcium, your dog may develop a condition called rickets. This condition creates bones soft bend under the weight your dog.
Conversely, too much calcium can create bone abnormalities, as well. The dog large type, for example, given too much calcium as puppies in their diet, will develop low bone density large. Problem with the bone strength is caused by a large amount of calcium supplements.
When your dog food contains the proper levels of calcium, such as rare bone disorder. This is just one more reason for carefully selecting the right food for your dog. Always consult with your veterinarian to determine the best amount of calcium in your dog food.
Calcium plays an important role in your dog food, but vitamins and other nutrients work hand in hand with calcium. Some minerals are interdependent. Calcium happens to be one of the minerals as nutrients.
Calcium works together with phosphorus. The balance of the two nutrients calcium and phosphorus must exist in a healthy ratio to ensure the dog food that will maximize the potential benefits for your pet. Research involving animal nutrition show that the ratio of 1,0-2,0 calcium should be coupled with 1.0 parts of phosphorus. When calcium and phosphorus ratios vary from this range, the results of bone problems.
Dogs special diet consisting of meat, will not provide the right amount of calcium and phosphorus to create healthy bones. Such a diet produces a ratio of about 1.0 parts to 18 parts of calcium phosphorus. The range of absorption is where the problem begins.
Vitamin D is another nutrient that affects the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. If the dog food shortages by the amount of vitamin D, other nutrients will not provide all the benefits for your pet. Excessive amount of vitamin D can have toxic effects on your dog. It is important to maintain appropriate levels of vitamin D in your dog food. Once again, to feed your dog food from reputable companies will allow you confidence to know that your dog a healthy diet.
During pregnancy or while breast-feeding your dog, higher calcium is important in your dog food. At this time, feed your pet extra amounts of a balanced dog food. You do not need to supplement your pet at this time.
Milk fever, or eclampsia, can not be avoided by taking calcium supplements. Eclampsia is not a lack of nutrition, but a metabolic condition that affects the dog after the dog has been born and begin nursing.
Avoid your dog food supplement with calcium or other nutrients without specific discussion with your veterinarian. When calcium, for instance, is out of balance, health can really be done in the negative. Feeding your dog a balanced diet is very important. Dog food company's reputation has researched animal nutrition to ensure the best health for your dog. Dog food provides a healthy, balanced formula may be the best way to keep your pet.


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Thursday, August 5, 2010
Science Party Part 1: The Cake(s)
This is the first of three posts about my eldest girl's 7th birthday party, scheduled for tomorrow afternoon. The theme is Science, as my girl is greatly enamoured of science & maths and dearly wanted a party that reflected her interests.
For her cake, we discussed a number of options. We thought about a dinosaur cake, she considered a solar system cake, and briefly toyed with the idea of a test tube cake. In the end, however, she decided, she wanted a cake based on ...
the periodic table of elements.
All 118 of them.
I'll wait a bit while you absorb that.
After reflection, we decided the best way to go with fulfilling this request was to make 118 cupcakes and ice / decorate them as an element each.
So last weekend and this week, I have been engaged in making cupcakes. Vanilla cupcakes. 144 vanilla cupcakes, to be exact (6 batches of 24). I knew some would turn out to be not as good as others and that built-in redundancy was a must.
This was a good call; instead of the 26 I would have left over if everything had gone perfectly, I have 12 left now, a comfortable barrier and one that can easily be eaten up in lunchbox snacks next week.
The recipe I used was a very straightforward one, and my trusty Kenwood made it dobale - if I had had to hand-mix everything, it would have been utterly excrutiating. (I've included the recipe at the end of the post in case you are interested).
So, by yesterday afternoon, I had all my cupcakes prepared and awaiting decoration. My friend, who has decorated some damn impressive cakes in her day, madly offered to come and help with the elemental production line. Normally I decline offers of help, deprecating that oh no, I'll be fine, I can manage. This time I had the good sense to say YES, PLEASE, ABSOLUTELY! when she offered, and I'm so glad I did.
After discussing methods of proceeding, we decided to slice the tops off the cupcakes to provide a flat working surface, then apply a layer of buttercream icing, then to cut a disc of white icing (the kind you buy pre-made in packets - it's sometimes called fondant icing) to the cupcakes, after first colouring it the desired shades with colouring gels. We then coloured some more buttercream and using my friend's thinnest piping nozzle, we wrote the chemical symbol on each one.
We needed to make 7 different colours of icing to match the coloured sections of the periodic table - red, orange, dark and light green, yellow, blue, purple and grey. Some of the colours were better matches for the chart than others, but that's life. They were all recognisably different, and that's what counts.
Once the buttercream was made (it took 3 bags of icing sugar and 1kg of margarine to make enough), the process began in earnest. My friend kneaded the colours into the white icing and the girls cut discs to apply to the cakes. We all had a go at piping the symbols on - mine and my 7-y-old's efforts being decidedly wonkier than my friend's smooth writing! Once we'd worked out our process, it really was a matter of rinse and repeat x 117.
Easy ;-) Except, not, really, or at least not quick - we began the process at 6:45 last night, and with both of us working flat out and the two big girls helping a lot until 8:30 and 9pm respectively, we still didn't finish until just after 11:30pm. By the time we'd cleaned equipment and surfaces, it was almost midnight and we were both shaking with tiredness. Which makes my friend even more of a champion, as she had to go to work today! (K, I owe you. Big time).
All in all, though, I'd have to say the result was worthwhile. They look pretty awesome (if I do say so) and my big girl was just thrilled to her toes to see them all on the table this morning.
Let's hope the other elements of this party come together as well! (Sorry for the bad pun ;-)
Vanilla cupcakes
* 200g margarine or unsalted butter, softened (I tried both, marg worked better)
* 1 ½ cups caster sugar
* 4 eggs
* 2 ¾ cups plain flour
* 2 teaspoons baking powder
* 1 cup milk
* 1 tablespoon vanilla extract
Preheat oven to 180°C. Place cupcake papers in two 12-hole muffin trays. (Tip - don't use flexible bakeware, it distorts the shape too much.)
In an electric mixer, beat butter / margarine for 2-3 minutes until pale in colour and creamy. Add sugar one third at a time, beating well between each addition. Add the eggs one at a time, beating for about a minute between each addition. Add the vanilla essence and beat until combined. Sift flour and baking powder and add half to butter mixture with half the milk, beat until well combined. Repeat with remaining flour and milk.
Spoon into cupcake papers (try to get it even!) and bake for about 18 minutes until a skewer inserted into the middle of a cupcake comes out clean. Transfer to wire racks and allow to cool completely. These freeze well and can be stored in airtight containers too.
5 comments:
- AnonymousAugust 5, 2010 at 2:16 PM
I love it! We recently had the same dilemma for my son's 8th science themed birthday. We solved it this way: http://melissamcewen.vox.com/library/post/scientific-birthday.htmlReplyDelete
But this is a brilliant idea to remember for the future.
Have a great time at the party everyone. Especially Miss 7!!!ReplyDelete
Please tell me you'll get a picture of all of the cupcakes laid out as per the chart??ReplyDelete
You are fantastic! What a brilliant project to do with your children for a birthday.ReplyDelete
I not only admire your determination and desire to do something educational and fun, but to get such close matches to the colours on the charts is incredible.
What an amazing effort! What a wonderful party ~ no doubt your girls will remember that through to adulthood!ReplyDelete
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Team Photo not Available
As a new season approached, the team was introduced to the new coach, Jason Altman.
Only a few meets were reported.
South finished fifth in the Nokomis Invitational, which they hosted.
South Travelled to Duluth to participate in the Swain Invitational. The Tigers competed in the Class AA division and finished 11th.
At the Conference Meet, the Tigers finished second to Southwest. Four runners finished in the top 10, Teddy Ayele, fifth, Tom Anderson, eighth, Leif Kopeitz, ninth, and Harrison Richards, 10th.
South finished second in the Conference JV Meet. Adbo Balla, seventh, and Ian Young, ninth, were the best South finishers.
After the season, Coach Altman decided not to return next season
3131 19th Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55407
Telephone: 612.668.4300 | Fax: 612.668.4310


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With high intensity usage, hard knocks, constant spills, heat, steam and even attacks from natural elements, such as sunlight, it won't take long for your beautiful contract furniture to start showing the signs of wear and tear. Once pristine areas can quickly begin to look tatty and unappealing, at best (and downright dirty at worst). Neither of which is likely to encourage customers or enhance their experience in your premises.
This problem is especially relevant for businesses working in the hospitality sectors: restaurants, cafes, bars, pubs – even hotels, theatres and cinemas – all see the kind of high customer traffic and occasional messy accident that can take their toll on even the most practical of furniture choices.
Whilst choosing hardwearing, sturdy contract furniture can help, knowing the best way to maintain your furnishings is a great idea in terms of keeping them looking great and getting the most out of your investment. Consequently, we've composed some ideas and suggestions on not only keeping your furniture in great condition, but also some handy cleaning hints, should disaster strike. Finally, we'll also be looking at your options around repairs vs. replacement when your contract furnishings have finally reached the end of the road.
General Contract Furniture Maintenance Tips
Keep It Tight: Regular use can quickly loosen joints, fixings and screws on a variety of items – especially when it comes to tables, chairs and other seating arrangements. Constant movement and rearranging also subjects these to pulling and pushing stresses which can weaken their stability. Make it a point to check chairs and tables for signs of excessive movement and tighten any fixings that are starting to loosen. Wooden joints may need to be re-glued or even reinforced.
A Stitch In Time: Check furniture for tears or rips in their upholstery. Any damage should be dealt with immediately – before the problem has a chance to become worse. Caught in good time, smaller rents and torn seams can be easily mended by professional attention – sometimes even providing an almost invisible fix at a fraction of the later cost of replacing the entire item!
Keep Things Moving: Rotating contract furniture from high traffic areas to less used sections helps to spread the distribution of wear more equally amongst a larger number of items. Bringing these 'reserves' out to relieve the battered front lines of your contract furniture – as well as having a regular cycling of furnishings in your public areas – assists in keeping things looking better for longer. This also applies to items which may spend long periods in bright sunshine where the damaging UV rays will fade fabric, wood and leather.
Long-lasting Doesn't Mean Dull: When choosing your contract furniture consider the amount of wear and tear it's likely to be exposed to. Beautiful solid wood and colourful laminates are extremely hardwearing when it comes to tables. Metal table legs and chairs are also hardy enough to endure a high usage environment, whilst still looking good and requiring minimal maintenance. Faux leather and the real thing are also tough customers when it comes to luxurious seating that can withstand the test of time.
Commercial Furniture Cleaning Hints
Dirty or soiled items and a generally unclean area will send customers running for the hills, or at the very least, unlikely to return for a second visit. However, in any business environment where food and drink are being served there is the certainty that an accident is going to happen sooner or later. So, what's the best way to keep your contract furniture looking spick and span?
Wooden surfaces should be cleaned regularly using a dry or slightly damp cloth and, occasionally, ordinary furniture polishes – especially those containing natural waxes. For larger spillages, cleaning with a cloth, some warm water and a mild detergent will quickly deal with most problems. Minor physical damage, such as a scratch, can normally be easily 'buffed' out, again using beeswax. Abrasive cleaners should never be used on varnished or lacquered wood surfaces.
Over time leather can dry and crack. Avoid this by applying a leather conditioner – this can be worked easily into the surface and polished to a high shine, thus accomplishing the dual roles of cleaning and caring for this expensive material at the same time. Leather should never be soaked in water – even if trying to remove a stain. Avoid detergents, solvents, ammonia, bleach and furniture polishes – all can cause irreparable damage. Instead use only cleaning products specifically designed for use on real leather.
An excellent, hardwearing material vinyl is both easy to clean and care for, needing only a moist cloth and some mild detergent to deal with the majority of dirt and grime. However, oils should be avoided as these tend to harden the vinyl causing cracks and brittleness over time.
Stains and spills on upholstery fabrics should be quickly blotted with paper towels or a dry cloth before washing with clean, warm water and a mild detergent. Ensure that the area is then dried thoroughly.
Repair or Replace?
There comes a time when even the most hardwearing and sturdy of contract furniture items must be replaced. Whilst repairs are a good idea for commercial furniture which has only sustained minor damage or still has plenty of life ahead of it, eventually replacements must be considered. In such instances it's likely that the chairs, sofas, tables and other business furniture in your venue may be approaching the end of their life spans at approximately the same time, in which case replacing them with new items can actually be a very positive decision – allowing businesses to reinvent their interior decoration, layout and even theme. A fresh start, with beautiful new contract furniture, can serve to reinvigorate the entire direction of your commercial enterprise.
By choosing attractive, long-lasting contract furniture and caring for it as outlined above you can be assured of a lifetime's faithful service.
Outdoor or 'Al Fresco' dining has long been a popular element of the hospitality industry. Restaurants, cafes, hotels, pubs and bars are all businesses where customers are likely to enjoy eating and drinking in the fresh air – meaning that commercial outdoor furniture can be a key element of any venue's furnishings.
However, with a vast selection available in a number of materials, businesses may struggle to understand which types of outdoor furniture are most suitable for their needs. To help you make the best choice we have outlined below the Pros and Cons of a number of outdoor furniture materials – enabling you to not only understand which type is more suitable for your business, but also make the best decision when it comes to getting great long term value from your investment in contract furniture.
The Main Materials & First Considerations
Firstly, let's look at the primary materials that high quality outdoor furniture is most often constructed from. There are many differing types within each category but we will address these individually later on.
The main materials are metal, wood, rattan (or wicker) and plastic (in the form of polypropylene). Each of these has their own merits, as well as drawbacks, in terms of their use in commercial outdoor furniture. As a business, choosing the correct fit for your needs and trading environment involves weighing a number of factors beyond their physical properties.
For example, knowing your target market you probably already have a good idea of, not only the look and feel of your venue, but also the competition's outdoor furnishings. In a highly competitive market place, such as the hospitality industry, your choice of metal, wood, rattan or plastic outdoor furniture may well be based on a desire to either differentiate yourself from the competition or tap into an existing customer base by choosing contract furniture that reflects the overall style of the businesses around you.
Metal Outdoor Furniture
A popular choice with many businesses for outdoor hospitality areas, metal contract furniture often comes in three types: Stainless steel, wrought iron and aluminium. Metal tables and chairs are ideal for resisting the onslaught of both wind and prolonged sunshine, making them highly suitable for outdoor use in certain conditions. In particular, both stainless steel and aluminium outdoor furniture are still light enough to be easily rearranged as required – making these a perfect choice for quick set-up and storage. Aluminium and steel will also stand up extremely well to rain and high levels of moisture. Wrought iron is the true heavyweight of outdoor furniture: robust and designed to stay exactly where it's put!
The drawbacks of metal outdoor furniture tend to be fairly obvious: Firstly, wrought iron (or any form of untreated metal) is prone to rusting, making it highly unsuitable for seaside or coastal use. In addition, it's very heavy nature makes moving tables and chairs difficult. Lightweight aluminium chairs, whilst able to deal with normal breezes, are likely to be scattered in gusty or windy conditions.
Wooden Outdoor Furniture
Available in a wide variety of types, wooden outdoor furniture is often constructed from hardwoods, such as teak, pine, cedar, oak, eucalyptus and redwood. A highly versatile and attractive choice, treated wooden tables and chairs stand up well to the worst that the British weather can usually throw at them. Needless to say, the choice of finishes, varnishes and paints enable them to fit in easily with a huge range of styles and decors – From the classically elegant to the most modern and chic of eateries.
Depending upon the style and type of wood chosen this type of outdoor furniture can vary in terms of being easy to rearrange, with heavier chairs and tables representing more of weighty problem.
The obvious cons of wooden outdoor furniture tend to revolve around the high maintenance often required to keep it looking in absolutely tip-top condition. Decay and rot through very wet conditions, as well as fading through the action of intense UV light, can present on ongoing cost.
Rattan Outdoor Furniture
Sometimes also referred to as wicker, rattan is a strong, flexible type of vine used to create this highly attractive, stylish and lightweight type of outdoor furniture. Extremely easy to rearrange and surprisingly resistant to fading in the face of bright sunshine Rattan is an ideal choice for warmer environments or summer use. The basket-like weave of Rattan chairs, with its natural suppleness, is also very comfortable – without the need (or additional cost) of cushions or padding.
However, being an organic material rattan can be vulnerable to both rot and mildew in wet conditions making it unsuitable for all year round use in areas that cannot be covered quickly in inclement weather. It's very lightweight nature can also make rattan outdoor furniture a problem in windy conditions.
Polypropylene Plastic Outdoor Furniture
Robust and water resistant, Polypropylene, is highly versatile and sees popular use in many outdoor areas. Available in an almost dizzying choice of styles, colours and finishes polypropylene outdoor furniture is the 'go to' option for many businesses looking for tables and chairs which represent an excellent balance of durability, availability, choice and value for money.
Highly impact resistant, lightweight and completely unmoved in the face of the heaviest downpour, plastic chairs are also one of the easiest types of outdoor furniture to clean – while their robust nature means Polypropylene chairs and tables offer a long service life with little to no maintenance required.
Plastic outdoor furnishings do, however, suffer from somewhat of an image problem – often being seen as 'cheap' or more for use in airports and schools rather than high-end hospitality areas. However, this is gradually changing with superior, modern designs and innovative finishes showing that Polypropylene can compete with more expensive options. Plastics may also fade and crack over long periods if exposed to intense sunshine, so be sure to choose one with UV stabilising polymers.


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POLICE have launched an investigation after a petrol station in Toddington was daubed with racist graffiti at the weekend.
The busy BP garage and its Spar supermarket in Dunstable Road were targeted by vandals overnight on Friday, with the letters 'BNP' sprayed repeatedly on walls, the forecourt, pumps and shop shutters.
It is believed the vandalism happened between 11pm on Friday and 6am on Saturday, when the garage re-opened for business.
A spokesman for Bedfordshire Police said the incident was being treated as criminal damage, and on Saturday morning officers were at the scene photographing the graffiti.
The garage, which has several Asian members of staff, last month had one of its pumps damaged when workers tried to stop a motorist driving away without paying for petrol. The garden fence of a house opposite the filling station was also damaged in a similar incident.
Jim Gledhill, chairman of Toddington Parish Council, said he was disappointed with the attack on a business popular with villagers.
He said: "These are people who provide a really good service to the village, and it shouldn't matter to anybody what their background is.
"It disgusts me. They had managed to clean up a lot of it but it was still very visible on the brickwork."
Councillor Gledhill said he would be raising the issue at the parish council's meeting last night (Wednesday), and hoped the council would be able to help the garage with the cost of the clean-up.
Asked whether support for the BNP was an issue in the village, Councillor Gledhill said he thought there were a small number of people in the village with "racist views".
"It's a problem you wouldn't really expect in Toddington," he said. "I hope it's just stupid children who will learn better in the future."


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Jazz & R&R Horns, Session 34/
In Session 34 I talk about lessons 2 & 3 for the workshop. A general review of some of what we covered in the ebook and on the video tutorials for 3 and 5 horns.
If you're curious about how the streaming workshop will look and sound, go to this page on my website where I'm checking lighting and sound for a collar-mic. There's also a audio clip of a tune we were rehearsing with my band that should give you an idea of how the workshop will sound.
Go to FredStickleyMusic.com and check out the details. Any questions, please let me know. Hope you'll be apart of the fun. Don't forget, the deadline for signing up is August 1st.


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The Initial License is issued once an applicant successfully completes a student teaching program or an approved alternative to student teaching.
License Valid for 3 Years
Not Required
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
Department of Education – Certification
Applying for Delaware Licensure / Certification is a 2-step process. The License allows one to teach in Delaware, and the Certificate identifies the subject(s) one may teach. An applicant may apply for only one License but multiple Certificates. All applicants must apply for at least one Standard Certificate simultaneously with an Initial License. An initial license will not be issued if the applicant does not meet the requirements for certification.
In most states, teachers must have a minimum academic background for certification.
The following is required for this route:
BA Degree + Completed State Approved Teacher Education Program
Must NOT have Current (STATE) Certification
In most states, teachers must verify basic skills in English (Reading and Writing) and Mathematics through coursework, exams, or degree evaluations.
The following is required for this route:
One exam is required. GRE and ACT also accepted.
One exam is required. GRE and ACT also accepted.
An applicant must hold a bachelor's degree from a regionally accredited 4 year college or university.
Official transcripts shall be forwarded directly from the issuing institution or by the applicant in an unopened, unaltered envelope.
In most states, teachers are required to complete training in education methods through a teacher program.
The following is required for this route:
State Approved Teacher Education Program
Student Teaching
Applicant must successfully complete student teaching or an approved alternative.
In some states, teachers are required to provide evidence of work experience.
The following is required for this route:
Student Teaching Okay.
In most states, teachers are required to submit evidence of content language proficiency and English language proficiency through coursework, exams, or degree evaluations.
The following is required for this route:
Exams are language specific.
Italian, Japanese, Greek (Modern), Arabic
- Praxis II (Chinese-Mandarin, French, German, Latin, Spanish)
Accept Scores from Out of State
Additional languages may be available. Contact DEEDS for guidance.
If ACTFL tests are not available in the content language, must meet one of the following:
1) Specialized education;
2) Approved Certification of Content Knowledge.
In most states, teachers must apply to the state Individually or through their local School District, or Teacher Program Institution. Requirements for the application are outlined below:
Online at: https://deeds.doe.k12.de.us/default.aspx
Transcript Evaluation Required
Varies by District
All initial licensees must complete Delaware's 3 year mentoring program. Educators who fulfill the program requirements will be moved to continuing licenses upon the expiration of their initial licenses.
See: https://deeds.doe.k12.de.us/certificate/deeds_mentor.aspx
The application is done online and there is no fee.
Processing time is estimated.
Holders of Non-U.S. Credentials:
During the term of the Initial License, license holders are required to participate in a comprehensive educator induction program including mentoring and other prescribed professional development activities.


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Nobody "won" #DebateNight (...OK, Hillary did)
Even here in Virginia, everyone is still talking about last night's #DebateNight (the hashtag is required by law, I think). So my latest Who's in Charge Here? post for WRIC-8's #RVALife blog offers a quick wrap-up of why Hillary Clinton had a better night than YouKnowWho.
Read "Who's in Charge Here: Nobody 'won' last night's debate (...OK, Hillary did)" here.


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Cookies are pretty perfect as they are, except when the only thing wrong with them is that there are so many.
Of course, one of the best things about cookies is that they are individually sized treats that we don't have to share or refrigerate or eat with a fork, but sometimes the baker doesn't want to scoop so much dough or carry a plastic container of cookies into a party, especially if it doesn't quite feel like cookie season yet.
That's where skillet cookies come in. I enjoyed many slices of chocolate chip cookie from Great American Cookies at the mall when I was a kid, but I hadn't tried baking them at home until this summer.
The internet is full of skillet cake recipes — the bakers at America's Test Kitchen identified it as an internet trend in their latest book, "The Perfect Cookie," where they advise reducing the amount of butter and chocolate chips so that the cookie will actually bake all the way through in the oven and won't be too gooey to handle.
The best skillet cookie recipes call for heating the butter in the pan over the stove and then mixing the rest of the ingredients right there in the skillet. It's one-dish baking at its finest, so you'll have little cleanup, but the heat of the pan also helps the dough cook while in the oven.
Even though I like the recipes where you melt the butter in the pan first, plenty of others call for a traditional cookie dough simply spread in a skillet instead of scooped onto a cookie sheet. Some bakers find that they can use most cookie recipes as is, while others adapt them slightly to cut down on the quantity.
A recipe that yields several dozen cookies will be too much for a 10- or 12-inch skillet, so keep an eye on the flour. If the recipe calls for 2 cups or flour or more, you'll need to reduce it to fit into a regular skillet. (Extra-large cast-iron skillets would be fun to experiment with, but I've been working with a 10-inch Lodge cast-iron workhorse.)
The nonstick surface of a well-seasoned cast-iron skillet, paired with the butter or fat in most recipes, means you don't have to line the skillet with aluminum foil unless you're making a stickier baked good, such as a brownie or a layered bar.
My favorite skillet cookie that I've made on this adventure was an oatmeal maple cookie inspired by a recipe on bakerbettie.com. I tweaked the ingredients to get just the right ratio of oatmeal, raisins, dates and pecans, and I found that with the addition of the dates, I could cut back on the sugar.
I made an even healthier bar a few weeks ago with whole wheat, flaxseed and other nutrient-dense ingredients, and it was more like a breakfast bar than a cookie. The kids' favorite was a s'mores brownie with a graham cracker crust. This one needed to be cut into squares so you could eat it by hand, but slices work for other cookies that don't have a sticky marshmallow topping that sticks to a fork.
Maple Oatmeal Raisin Skillet Cookie
1/2 cup unsalted butter
3/4 cup brown sugar
1/2 teaspoon maple extract
1 egg
1/2 teaspoon baking soda
1/2 teaspoon kosher salt
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon
1 1/4 cups all-purpose flour
2/3 cup old fashioned oatmeal
1/3 cup raisins
1/4 cups chopped dates
1/2 cup pecans
Heat oven to 375 degrees. Heat a cast-iron skillet over medium heat. Melt the butter and stir frequently until the butter browns. Stir in the brown sugar and maple extract. Remove from the heat and let cool for about 8 minutes. (You want the pan to be warm but not hot.)
Crack an egg into the skillet and whisk into the mixture. Add the cinnamon, salt and baking soda and stir until combined. Add flour to the skillet and stir slowly until incorporated.
Add your mix-ins: oatmeal, raisins, dates and pecans. Combine and pat evenly into the skillet with a spatula or your hands.
Top with raw sugar if desired. Bake in a 375 degree oven for 14 to 18 minutes, until set. Serve warm with yogurt if desired.
— Adapted from a recipe by Baker Bettie, bakerbettie.com
S'mores Skillet Brownie
For the crust:
6 whole graham crackers, crushed into crumbs (3/4 cup)
4 tablespoons unsalted butter, melted
1 tablespoon sugar
For the brownies:
8 tablespoons unsalted butter
3 ounces unsweetened chocolate, coarsely chopped
2/3 cup flour
1/2 teaspoon baking powder
1/4 teaspoon salt
1 cup sugar
2 large eggs
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
2 cups marshmallows
Heat oven to 350 degrees. Line a cast-iron skillet with aluminum foil. (You can use an 8-inch-by-8-inch baking pan lined with two sheets of aluminum foil so you can lift the bars out of the pan when they are finished.) Spray the foil with cooking oil.
Using your fingers, mix together the crushed graham crackers, butter and sugar. Press into the bottom of the pan and bake for 8 to 10 minutes. While the crust bakes, melt the butter and chocolate in a small bowl in the microwave. Heat the mixture for about 30 seconds and then stir, repeating for about 90 seconds to 2 minutes. Let cool slightly.
In a small bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder and salt. In a medium bowl, whisk together the sugar, eggs and vanilla, and then add the chocolate mixture to combine the wet ingredients. Pour the chocolate mixture into the flour mixture and stir with a rubber spatula until just combined.
Pour the batter on top of the graham cracker crust and bake until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean, about 22 to 27 minutes.
Remove pan from the oven and turn on broiler. Sprinkle brownies with marshmallows and place under the broiler to toast lightly, about 1 to 3 minutes. As soon as they are just a little brown on top, remove pan from oven and let cool for at least two hours before slicing. Spray a knife with cooking oil before using to keep the marshmallow from sticking to it.
— Adapted from a recipe in "The Perfect Cookie: Your Ultimate Guide to Foolproof Cookies, Brownies & Bars" by America's Test Kitchen (America's Test Kitchen, $35)
Chocolate Chip Skillet Cookie
We cut back on butter and chocolate chips from our usual cookie dough recipe to ensure that the skillet cookie remained crisp on the edges and baked through in the middle while staying perfectly chewy. We also increased the baking time to accommodate the giant size, but otherwise this recipe was simpler and faster than baking regular cookies. Top with ice cream for an extra-decadent treat.
— America's Test Kitchen
1 3/4 cups all-purpose flour
1/2 teaspoon baking soda
12 tablespoons unsalted butter
3/4 cup packed dark brown sugar
1/2 cup granulated sugar
2 teaspoons vanilla extract
1 teaspoon salt
1 large egg plus 1 large yolk
1 cup semisweet chocolate chips
Adjust oven rack to upper-middle position and heat oven to 375 degrees. Whisk flour and baking soda together in bowl.
Melt 9 tablespoons butter in 12-inch cast-iron skillet over medium heat. Continue to cook, stirring constantly, until butter is dark golden brown and has nutty aroma, about 5 minutes. Transfer browned butter to large bowl and stir in remaining 3 tablespoons butter until melted. Whisk in brown sugar, granulated sugar, vanilla and salt until incorporated. Whisk in egg and yolk until smooth with no lumps, about 30 seconds.
Let mixture stand for 3 minutes, then whisk for 30 seconds. Repeat process of resting and whisking 2 more times until mixture is thick, smooth and shiny. Using rubber spatula, stir in flour mixture until just combined, about 1 minute. Stir in chocolate chips.
Wipe skillet clean with paper towels. Transfer dough to now-empty skillet and press into even layer with spatula. Bake until cookie is golden brown and edges are set, about 20 minutes, rotating skillet halfway through baking. Using potholders, transfer skillet to wire rack and let cookie cool for 30 minutes. Slice cookie into wedges and serve. Makes 8-10 slices of cookie.
— From a recipe in "The Perfect Cookie: Your Ultimate Guide to Foolproof Cookies, Brownies & Bars" by America's Test Kitchen (America's Test Kitchen, $35)
Whole Wheat Chocolate Chunk Cookies
I adapted this recipe from Aimée Wimbush-Bourque's "Brown Eggs and Jam Jars" and then adapted it even more from this version by using white chocolate instead of dark and adding a handful of cranberries to the dough. This is a large quantity of cookie dough for a 10-inch skillet, but it will fit. You can halve the recipe for smaller pans or a thinner cookie, which will cook faster.
— Addie Broyles
3 cups whole wheat flour
1 1/4 teaspoons baking powder
1 teaspoon baking soda
1 teaspoon salt
1 cup unsalted butter, cut into 1/2-inch cubes
1 cup raw cane sugar
1/2 cup honey
2 large eggs
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
8 ounces bittersweet chocolate, chopped into 1/4- and 1/2-inch pieces
Heat the oven to 350 degrees. Whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda and salt. In another bowl, cream the butter and the sugar with a handheld mixer until fluffy, about 3 minutes. Add honey and mix in.
Add eggs one at a time, thoroughly incorporating after each. Scrape down the sides of the bowl, add vanilla and mix well. Add the flour mixture and mix to combine. Fold the chocolate into the dough and then press into a cast-iron skillet.
Bake for 20-25 minutes until lightly brown around the edges and the center of the cookie doesn't jiggle when you shake the pan. Remove from pan and cool before slicing.
— Adapted from a recipe in "Brown Eggs and Jam Jars" by Aimée Wimbush-Bourque


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Universal Soldier
When you read in the trade journals about a generation of cinéastes revolutionized by Star Wars, you can't wonder at the sputtering reviews this droll little joke received. Featherbedding makes for a comfy sleep, that's all.
The opening has more action than many a finale, the maiden is tied to a tree, the hero is face-down in a puddle, it's all an exercise. The rest is mainly a deliberative set-up for the punchline that occurs at the very end, and if Rodgers really has failed to sustain the gag, which one would venture to dispute (he has certainly thrown in every device you can think of), the payoff is swift and rich.
The UniSols have a motto, "Dying to Serve". A wacked-out hacker helps the new computer model attain physicality. It seeks out Luc, its only enemy, who has a lady reporter in tow for the adventure. His young daughter, hapless Hillary, is in the hospital with brain swelling. A fight to the finish saves her from the villainous plot, and she awakens, cured, in her Daddy's arms.
Heidi Schanz as the reporter does a remarkable feat of acting, from the TV bitch who shouts, "don't stick your finger in my face," to the preoccupied participant easily repulsing a lesbian pick-up, and finally the girl who turns to Belgian waffles at the sight of the hero.


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Le Carnet A5 (The Notebook A5).
Le Carnet A5 (The Notebook A5).
This is the perfect everyday A5 notebook.
Ideal for jotting down your next big idea, the perfect coq au vin recipe, or just your daily to-do list.
From the iconic 'Le sac en papier' range, this notebook rendition is now a must-have item. A refreshing alternative to the typical boring plain notebook.
The perfect gift for anyone who loves design or typography.
- Manufactured from 100% recycled paper
- Printed black text on a white cover
- French text written on the front with Be-Poles logo on the back
- Standard A5 size
- Height 210 mm x Length 148 mm
- 64 blank pages + a free grid sheet
- Made in France


text: Händel-Festspiele / Händel im Herbst Handel in Autumn Get your tickets now Find out more Handel House on Facebook News about the Handel House and Handel Festival on Facebook. Follow Us Händel-Festspiele Afterhearing the Handel Festival 2019 Find out more Händel-Haus free and area-wide WLAN/WiFi Internet inside and outside the Handel-House under "Haendel-Gast" Find out more Winner of the 2019 Handel Prize In 2019, the City of Halle Handel Prize awarded by the Handel House Foundation is to go to Emeritus Professor Dr. Silke Leopold. Find out more


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Yesterday I met a family after their brother's / friends Graduation to take photos around the Saint Mary's Campus here in Halifax. The Graduate graduated in Business of Commerce, the women were dressed beautifully, and it was an over-all experience – as the majority of the time they were not speaking English. It was all completely unexpected, but they wanted basic Grad Photos and I hope I achieved that for them.
That is all,
Karly Robin
©All Rights Reserved


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Peraglow is an anti-aging formula to eliminate the stubborn signs of aging and revitalize the skin to restore its youthful radiance. The herbal composition of this product authenticates its efficiency to deal with ugly wrinkles, uneven skin tone, and repairs elasticity. This is made in a cream formula for easy application.
Is your skin showing the effects that signal its damage? Are you noticing the undesirable changes the skin is going through? Are there wrinkles and fine lines all over the face that are diminishing the glow? These are all signs that you need to shower some extra care to the skin to prevent it from untimely aging!
Skin aging is a natural phenomenon that every person goes through, but early aging is not planned! Due to certain reasons, the skin starts to grow old which makes it unhealthy and gloomy in appearance. Without ignoring these signs, you should be attentive towards them to regain the natural glow.
Applying too many chemicals on the skin makes it prone to destruction and therefore, you should be cautious while choosing the right anti-aging product. Keep reading this review to know more.
Causes of Skin Aging
- Advancing age
- Deficiency of vital nutrients
- Unhealthy eating practices
- Overexposure to dirt and UV Rays
- Excessive use of makeup
- Wrinkles and fine lines
- Uneven skin tone
- Saggy and flaky skin
- Under-eye dark circles
About Peraglow
You can treat your aging and gloomy skin by eliminating the unpleasant aging signs with the help of Peraglow. This natural cream formulation is enriched with potent herbs to soothe the skin and initiate the healing process. This will reduce the appearance of wrinkles & fine lines to give a firm and radiant look. It will tighten the pores for younger-looking skin.
How does Peraglow work?
The ingredients improve the blood circulation and supply oxygen to the skin cells to maintain its health. This builds up the collagen and elastin levels that ensure clear and firm skin. It boosts hydration level by providing enough moisture and protects against the harmful environmental conditions.
Ingredients used in Peraglow
- Peptides: Prevents the skin cells from damaging and forming the layer of dead skin
- Vitamin C: This lightens the skin tone to give an even-toned, bright skin
- Aloe vera extract: It is well known for its moisturizing properties to keep the skin hydrated
How to apply Peraglow?
Just follow these simple steps to get the maximum benefit of this product:
Step 1 – Wash your face with a good cleanser and pat dry with a clean cloth/towel
Step 2 – Take an adequate amount of the cream and apply it gently with your fingertips
Step 3 – Repeat this twice a day regularly
Advantages of Peraglow
- This heals the skin and discards the dead layer
- Builds up skin health and provides hydration
- Eliminates aging signs and tightens the pores
- Gives a smooth and elastic skin
- Made with 100% natural ingredients
- It should be used by people over 30years only
- It is available only through the official website
Tips to improve results
- Drink a lot of water to hydrate the skin
- Eat healthy to get healthy looking skin
- Do not consume oily and junk food
- Cover the skin while going out
- Apply makeup only if necessary
How to buy Peraglow?
This product is exclusively marketed through the official website and you will be required to visit the link. They will ask you to complete the registration process by filling up a form and make payment. The order will reach you within 5-6 days.
Contact the manufacturer
If you need more information related to this product, the customer service helpline is available to resolve the issues. Give a call on 222-444-6666 or you can send an email to [email protected]


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Students | Staff l IT Services | E-mail | Contacts | UNESWA Foundation | UNESWA Pension l Strategic Plan
Students | Staff l IT Services | E-mail | Contacts | UNESWA Foundation | UNESWA Pension l Strategic Plan
The programme is offered by the Faculty of Social Science, at the Kwaluseni Campus. In order to be admitted to the programme, you need to meet these requirements. The subjects offered by the Faculty of Social science for the Bachelor of Arts (Social Science) degree are: Demography, Economics, Geography, Environmental Science and Planning , Mathematics, Political Science, Public Administration, Social Work, Sociology and Statistics,
In the first year, students will take a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 7 subjects composed of Academic Communication Skills, Introduction to Computing for Social Science, Statistics and Mathematics as well as a maximum of 3 introductory subjects. A Student shall not be awarded an overall pass in Part I unless he/she has passed Introduction to Computing for Social Science.
In order to major in a subject a student must take and pass the introductory course in that subject. Potential Demography, Economics and Statistics majors must also pass the first year Mathematics at the advanced level. At the beginning of Year 2, a student shall elect two major subjects in consultation with the Dean and Heads of Departments.


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Come join us for a pre-voting Commissioners candidate forum. All participating candidates from each contested district will be on hand to answer constituent questions. The event will be moderated by Local activists and community members Jennifer Hendershot and Dr Eunice Kang.
Back to All Events
Earlier Event: May 14UWG JAZZ ENSEMBLE
Later Event: May 16Educated Mess! Free Comedy


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Ash wood has a delightful grain, but an unpleasant color under most of the finishes that I use. The very oil that imparts lasting flexibility renders the wood a dull mustardy color… but artist's pigments look wonderful! So I gave this batch a heavenly violet hue.
They are around 16 inches long.
My "Whappers" are an amusing, surprising shape, kind of a double-but-opposing wedge. This gives them a nice balance in the hand and a delightful warm sting. They are narrower than a paddle, wider than a cane, with a nice weight and more gravitas than a paint stirrer.


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CoConspirators Brewing Company
CoConspirators The Bookie Pale Ale 355ml Can
Country: Australia
Brewery: CoConspirators
Style: American Pale Ale
Format: 355ml Can
Meet the Bookie. He will happily take your hard earn clams for the long shot, but if you want a sure thing, this brew is for you! Aromas of citrus and tropical fruits takes you back to summer holidays. A medium body with a hint of breadiness is back up with a flavoursome and firm bitterness. This beer is the real deal and provides all the action your taste buds need.