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Kistler - Engine Pressure Measurement for Research and Development
Kistler - Engine Pressure Measurement for Research and Development
Kistler – Your Dynamic Partner for Engine Development Sensors and systems for measuring cylin der and injection pressures delivering key data play a major role in the development of internal combustion engines. They are one of the building blocks of Kistler In strumente AG's solutions for a wide range of industries. In addition to the develop ment of internal combustion engines, as a Swiss company we also provide special sensors and monitoring systems for engine instrumentation, the automobile indus try, manufacturing and assembly, plastics processing and biomechanics.
Kistler's core competency is the develop ment, production and use of sensors for measuring pressure, force, torque and ac celeration. With the aid of Kistler expertise and electronic systems, measurement signals can be conditioned and used to analyze, control and optimize physical and other processes to boost product quality. Year after year the company invests 10 % of its turnover in R&D to facilitate techni cally innovative yet cost-effective state-of- the-art solutions. With a combined workforce of 1000, the Kistler Group is the world leader in dynamic measurement technology. 25group companies worldwide and 30 distributors ensure close contact with the customer, individual application support and short lead times.
www.kistler.com PiezoStar® – Kistler has been growing their own crystals with high sensitivity and tem- perature stability for more than ten years
Contents www.kistler.com 3 From Crystal to Sensor in 200 Steps 4 Kistler Pressure Sensors – Varied and Innovative in Design 6 PiezoSmart® Means Automatic Sensor Identification 8 Pole Position in all Engines 10 Fundamentals of Combustion Analysis 12 Systems for Combustion Analysis – KiBox® for In-Vehicle 14 Applications System Integration on Test Stand 16 Made to Measure Service Individualized to Suit Each Customer 18 Product Details and Range Measuring Chains 20 Measuring 24 Connecting 43 Electronics & Software 46 Accessories 55 Calibrating 58 Technical Literature 61 Glossary 62 Overview of Products in Order of Type Number 64
4 www.kistler.com From Crystal to Sensor… At the core of a piezoelectric sensor is a crystal measuring element. Application of a mechanical force to this crystal gener- ates, on its surfaces, a proportional electric charge that can be used as a measurement signal. Piezoelectric sensors are particularly suitable for precise measurement of high- speed phenomena over wide measuring ranges and at high temperatures. For each application Kistler offers optimized sensor packages manufactured from different crystal materials Sensitivity [pC/N] Polystable® quartz (1970) X-cut quartz PiezoStar® KI100 (2002) PiezoStar® KI85 (1990) GaPO4* 12 10 8 6 4 2 Temperature [°C] 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 *Not a Kistler crystal PiezoStar® crystals are individually grown for combustion analysis Kistler predominantly uses quartz (silicon dioxide (SiO2)) as its crystal material.
However, for sensors to be used under extreme operating conditions, combustion analysis for example, Kistler grows it's own crystals and has done for approximately 10 years. Known as PiezoStar crystal, Kistler then produces customized measur- ing elements with bespoke characteristics. The manufacture of piezoelectric sen- sors has much in common with preci- sion watchmaking. Sensor fabrication requires meticulous accurate assembly of individual parts, typically just a few mil- limeters in size, with up to 200 separate steps needed. These delicate manual operations culminate in precision Kistler measuring equipment that has been sub- jected to 100 % quality control at various stages.
After all, these sensors have to yield reliable, accurate measurements over a long service life.
www.kistler.com 5 ...in 200 Steps This enables the company to offer spe- cially optimized high-performance sensor packages with an extremely high level of accuracy and a long life. It all starts with an X-ray The orientation of the crystal lattice relative to the surfaces of a measuring element is the determining factor in the properties of the element. To ascertain the individual axes of the crystal and hence the planes on which the measuring ele- ments are sliced, each crystal ingot is X-rayed before being processed. Only then is it sliced into thin wafers, an opera- tion which takes up to 24 hours in itself.
100 % quality control at each step The small measuring elements come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes and are formed from the wafers in numerous, mainly manual, intermediate steps. The crystal elements are cut, lapped, coated and re-lapped to the nearest micrometer. Kistler leaves nothing to chance. After each step, the measuring elements are cleaned and their dimensional ac- curacy and surface finish is checked. The same applies to all of the other individual parts, such as the case, diaph ragm, insula- tor, contact spring, connector and so on. Assembly under cleanroom conditions The final assembly of the sensors amounts to precision engineering.
It is performed under a microscope in a class 5 cleanroom environment. Here, precision and a steady hand are absolutely imperative as the smallest flaw makes a sensor unusable. Therefore each individual step has to be described with strict assembly instructions. Once the sensor has been completed, a laser is used to mark it with a "K" repre- senting the brand, the type designation and the serial number. Final inspection then takes place before all of the data is saved under the sensor serial number in a database.
6 www.kistler.com Kistler Pressure Sensors… The range of Kistler sensors reflects the multifaceted nature of engine develop- ment. Miniature piezoelectric pressure sensors measure cylinder pressures extremely precisely as a basis for thermo- dynamic analysis of the combustion proc- ess. Equally unique are the piezoresistive sensors for very accurate measurement of intake and exhaust manifold pressures. Piezoelectric Pressure Sensors The piezoelectric effect – the prefix "piezo" comes from the Greek "piezein", to press – was discovered in 1880 by the Curie brothers. They found that the surfaces of certain crystals – including quartz – become electrically charged when the crystal is mechanically loaded.
This electrical charge is exactly propor- tional to the force acting on the crystal. It is measured in picocoulombs (1 pC = 10–12 coulombs).
As active designs, piezoelectric sensors can only be used for quasistatic rather than truly static measurement. However they are ideal for dynamic applications. Piezo electric pressure sensors can be employed wherever rapidly changing pressures at temperatures of up to 400 °C have to be measured as accurately as possible. In addition to quartz, particularly for un- cooled sensors, Kistler uses crystals developed and grown in-house. These PiezoStar® crystals are characterized by high sensitivity and high thermal stability. Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors The piezoresistive principle is based on the semiconductor effect first described in 1954, which states that under mechanical stress semiconductors change their electri- cal resistance.
Compared with the con- ventional strain gage measurement of the time, this opened up completely new ap- plications. Since then similar breakthroughs have included the thin film technique on metal and its thick layer counterpart on ceramic.
Piezoresistive sensors from Kistler measure static pressures in gases and liquids. The re- sults achieved under even the most adverse conditions are precise and repeatable. M5 piezoelectric pressure sensor, Type 6052C… M8 cooled piezoelectric pressure sensor, Type 6041B… 1. Precision measurement of cylinder pressures with cooled PiezoStar cyl- inder pressure sensor for combustion analysis, gas exchange analysis and combustion development 2. Measurement of cylinder pressures without additional mounting bore for the sensor.
Measuring spark plugs: For knocking analysis and use in the vehicle Glow plug adapters: For measurement in DI diesel en- gines.
Also available as measuring glow plugs for cold start measure- ments 3. Pressure indication with uncooled piezoelectric PiezoStar sensors for thermodynamic analysis and engine calibration 4. Low-pressure indication in the intake and exhaust with piezoresistive pres- sure sensors. Cooling or switching adapters are used for this purpose in the exhaust. Such instrumentation is employed for gas exchange analysis and optimization M5 piezoresistive absolute pressure sensor, Type 4005B… Applications at a Glance For more information on the topic of cooled sensors, please refer to page 30. For more information on the topic of uncooled sensors, please refer to page 24.
www.kistler.com 7 A wide operating temperature range, impressive thermal stability and a high natural frequency represent the inherent advantages of the piezoelectric measure- ment for engine combustion pressures. During operation in this difficult environ- ment the sensors are subjected to signifi- cant thermal and mechanical influences and measures taken to minimize these effects often have aims that conflict in many complex ways. To tackle this complexity and to identify potential resolutions to their conflicts, Kistler uses sophisticated calculations and simulation tools within the sensor devel- opment process.
Starting with a model that represents the geometric, mechanical and thermal properties of a sensor, the effects of a wide variety of factors on the measure- ment results can be analyzed and described quickly and efficiently.
A capacity for innovation, close contact with the world's leading engine manu- facturers and skilled application expertise help explain why Kistler sets the pace for engine measurement. Kistler always offers the best solution for accurate pres- sure measurement over a wide spectrum of sectors from extremely high-precision research to demanding racing applications. Reliable Development Partner for Research and Industry It achieves all this by drawing on an ex- tensive range of products that comple- ment piezoelectric and piezoresistive sensors with matching signal conditioning and a diverse selection of accessories.
Such a comprehensive choice ensures, the perfect sensor package is coupled with the ideal signal conditioning which can always be used for the maximum accuracy in each individual pressure indication project. The modularity of Kistler sensors allows for cost effective customization. This further increases the benefits for the customer by always ensuring accurate measurements, even with special sensor configurations or service conditions. Uncooled sensor ThermoComp® diaphragm Crystal Electrode Case Cable ThermoComp® diaphragm Temperature compensator Crystal Electrode Case Ceramic-insulated connection Coolant connection Cable Anti-strain ...Varied and Innovative in Design Simulation and Calculation FEM-model of a front sealing sensor Cooled sensor
8 www.kistler.com PiezoSmart® ... Detailed planning, comprehensive con fig uration of measuring chain parameters and precise assignment of measuring points – even the preparations for engine pressure indication are enormously involved. Production of the necessary documentation and related procedures is labor-intensive and error-prone. In combi- nation with the signal conditioning plat- form (SCP), PiezoSmart automatic sensor identification offers test stand operators enhanced process reliability, extensive flexibility and improved data quality with less preparation.
PiezoSmart is an active system for the automatic identification of individual pressure sensors.
Plug & Measure (auto- matic confi guration of measuring chain parameters) reduces the risk of error and additional functions guarantee the quality of the pressure indication data. Two points of particular importance to the end user are that: • PiezoSmart is suitable for all engine pressure sensors and all existing cable and connector combinations • PiezoSmart modularity allows for the upgrading of existing or used sensors with sensor identification Unambiguous assignment of sensor data The core of PiezoSmart is the transducer electronic data sheet (TEDS). Sensor data is saved in the TEDS, which takes the form of a chip in the connector at the ampli- fier end of the sensor cable.
The connec- tor and pressure sensor form an easily mounted physical unit which ensures reli- able, clear-cut assignment of sensor data during test stand operation. Additional system integrity is provided by a seal or self-adhesive markings.
Database Optimum sensitivity value automatically set to suit utilized pressure measuring range and defined temperature range Automatic setting of sensitivity values PiezoSmart® data memory 21.05.2007 G. Ratano Serial No. Serien-Nr. Type Typ Reference Equipment Referenzgeräte Date Datum Calibrated by Kalibriert durch Kalibrierschein DRUCK Calibration Certificate PRESSURE Type 6052C Serial No. 1608400 Working Standard Gebrauchsnormal Kistler 7005-350 492592 Charge Amplifier Ladungsverstärker Kistler 5017B 1479195 Charge Calibrator Ladungskalibrator Kistler 5395A 441991 44 26 % Relative Humidity Ambient Temperature Umgebungstemperatur Relative Feuchte °C pC / bar bar Results of Measurement ? ± %FSO Linearity Sensitivity Calibrated Range Linearität Empfindlichkeit Kalibrierter Bereich Messergebnisse (23°C) 5 , 3 3 , 1 2 - 5 2 .
. . (23°C) 8 , 7 3 , 1 2 - 5 1 . . . (23°C) 0 1 , 9 3 , 1 2 - 1 . . . (23°C) 7 , 2 4 , 1 2 - 5 . . . (200°C) 6 , 6 1 , 1 2 - 5 2 . . . (200°C) 9 , 9 1 , 1 2 - 5 1 . . . (200°C) 0 1 , 1 2 , 1 2 - 1 . . . (200°C) 8 , 3 2 , 1 2 - 5 . . . (350°C) 6 , 9 4 , 1 2 - 5 2 . . . (350°C) 9 , 4 5 , 1 2 - 5 1 . . . (350°C) 1 1 , 6 5 , 1 2 - 1 . . . (350°C) 8 1 , 6 5 , 1 2 - 5 . . . Kontinuierliche Kalibrierung, Vergleichsverfahren Messverfahren Measurement Procedure Continuous Calibration, Comparison Method Kistler Instrumente AG Eulachstrasse 22 CH-8408 Wintherthur Tel. +41 52 224 11 11 PO Box Fax +41 52 224 14 14 email@example.com ZKB Winterthur BC 732 Swift: ZKBKCHZZ80A Account: 1132-0374.628 1 / VAT: 229 713 www.kistler.com Bestätigung Seite page ISO 9001 certified IBAN: CH67 0070 0113 2003 7462 8 1 The equipment meets the manufacturing tolerances according to the specification data sheets.
We confirm that the device identified above was tested by the prescribed procedures. All measuring devices are traceable to national standards. The SCS (Swiss Calibration Service) Calibration Laboratory No. 049 is operated by Kistler and accredited per ISO 17025. The Kistler Quality Management System is certificied per ISO 9001.
Die Geräte halten die Herstelltoleranzen gemäss Spezifikationen der Datenblätter ein. Wir bestätigen, dass das oben identifizierte Gerät nach den vorgeschriebenen Verfahren geprüft wurde. Alle Messmittel sind auf nationale Normale rückverfolgbar. Kistler betreibt die SCS (Swiss Calibration Service) Kalibrierstelle Nr. 049, akkreditiert nach ISO 17025. Das Kistler Qualitätsmanagement System ist nach ISO 9001 zertifiziert. Confirmation
www.kistler.com 9 • Automatic configuration of charge and voltage amplifier parameters • Accurate pressure indication data from simplified measurement • Simple setup processes speed up read- iness for measurement on test stand • Easy evaluation and documenta- tion of measurements through automatic exchange of data with evaluation systems • High availability of pressure indi- cation sensors ensured by multi channel calibration systems Advantages at a Glance The TEDS contains the serial number, initial and current calibration values of the sensor, additional manufacturer and iden- tification data.
Monitoring of the initial and re-calibration values of the individual sensors allows early detection of sensor anomalies. This in turn helps limit test stand failures and the loss of data. The chips have hierarchical password- protected access and are write protected to allow the user to make any necessary sensor re-calibration or for the replace- ment of faulty sensors and cables. Standalone operation Decentralized storage of sensor data means PiezoSmart permits independent operation of the sensor and measuring chain. Consequently, the system is ready for use at any time, a host database is not necessary.
Interfacing the sensor to the test stand The signal conditioning platform (SCP) provides the link between the sensor and the test stand. As a flexible equipment platform, measuring modules are installed to support particular test configurations and sensor selection. Clear assignment of data to a sensor The sensor and connecting cable with the TEDS form a physical unit, i.e. they are permanently connected and do not need to be disconnected even to mount the sensor. The connection integrity is shown by the presence of a seal. The individual parts are spot welded together in the factory and supplied with this seal.
After any upgrade, the seal or a sticker with the " Kistler- K" at the line of the break shows that the con- nection is intact.
...Means Automatic Sensor Identification Unit with sensor, connecting cable and TEDS Sensor Seal Connecting cable PiezoSmart® coupling Header: – Kistler – Sensor Type number – Version letter – Sensor version number – Sensor serial number Initial calibration: – Number of temperature ranges – Initial calibration date – Initial calibration values Recalibration: – Reference temperature – Recalibration date – Recalibration values Footer: – Comments User Calibration Manufacturer read only read/write Access authorization to TEDS data Hierarchical access and write authorization Examples of sensors with PiezoSmart® For more information on the topic of Upgrading, please refer to page 18.
PR-low pressure PE-cylinder pressure PE-cylinder pressure
10 www.kistler.com From pioneer to technological leader – Kistler has been involved in the develop- ment, manufacture and application of piezoelectric sensors since 1950. The company's sensors have played a key role in the development of internal combus- tion engines over this extended period. This striking success reflects their "inside view" of the combustion chamber as the only source of information needed to optimize combustion for better efficiency and minimize harmful emissions. Pole Position… Marine engines The development of measuring instru- mentation for engine improvement is closely linked with the history of Kistler as a company.
It all began in 1944, when the two subsequent founders of today's Kistler Instrumente AG, Hans-Conrad Sonderegger and Walter P. Kistler, got to know each other at SLM (Swiss locomo- tive and machinery works) in Winterthur. Sonderegger was responsible for develop- ing a new air-cooled diesel engine and Kistler for modern measurement methods. The breakthrough came in 1950 with the grant of a patent for charge amplifiers – the devices that convert the signal of piezoelec- tric sensors into a useful voltage. Just a few months later the PZ-14 piezoelectric pres- sure sensor, which formed the nucleus of many subsequent designs, was developed.
Kistler has been developing and producing piezoelectric pressure sensors since 1959. They are still delivering reliable results under even the most extreme conditions. Charge amplifier patent granted to Walter P. Kistler Launch of high-pressure sensors, for pressure up to 1 500 bar First piezoelectric pressure sensor Type PZ-14 1951 1961 1950 First Polystable® crystal sensor , ground isolated 1972 Kistler offers worlds first high-tempera- ture pressure sensor with M5 thread for engine measuring instrumentation 1989
www.kistler.com 11 Locomotive engines Car engines Race engines ...in all Engines Motorbike engines First measuring glow plug for pressure measure- ment in diesel engines 1993 2007 First use of PiezoSmart® sensors in engine measur- ing instrumentation and M10 measuring spark plug for racing Piezoelectric high- temperature sensor 2004 First water-cooled ThermoComp® sensor 1992 Smallest PE sensor Type 6054AR... 2010
12 www.kistler.com Reciprocating piston internal combus- tion engines are basically heat engines in that they essentially convert the chemi- cal energy from the air/fuel mixture into mechanical work and heat by means of combustion.
Developers aim to extract from the con- version as high a proportion of mechanical work as possible, that is to maximize ef- ficiency. The magnitude and variation with time of the cylinder pressure acting on the piston are significant in this respect. This pressure curve represents the combustion and hence the way in which the energy conversion takes place in the engine. Consequently, the total mechanical work on the piston over a cycle is a function of the pressure and the associated change in combustion chamber volume.
Fundamentals of Combustion Analysis Development and optimization of mod ern internal combustion engines is incon- ceivable without the knowledge of what is happening in the cylinders. Measure- ment and analysis of the variation in cylinder pressure is the only source of the data needed to optimize efficiency, engine output, emissions and last but not least engine life. The better the data the more valuable the information that is derived. Based on this knowledge, Nikolaus Otto and Rudolf Diesel pioneered the use of indicators allowing simultaneous record ing of combustion chamber pressure and piston position.
In the German-speaking world "indica- tion" currently refers to all work related to analysis of the pressure curve in combus- tion engines. Depending on the applica- tion, rather than being limited to the actual combustion this now covers gas exchange, injection system, ignition sys- tem, etc. English-speaking regions mainly talk about "combustion analysis". Combustion analysis or engine pressure indication is regarded as a basic tool in engine development and is the key to • improving efficiency • increasing engine output • reducing emissions • prolonging engine life Indicator pV diagram recorded by Nikolaus Otto in 1876 Conversion of chemical energy from fuel into me- chanical work and heat Fuel Mech.
Work Heat Exhaust Otto engine of 1870 © 2006 by AUCTION TEAM BREKER, Köln/Germany Sources: Deutz AG
www.kistler.com 13 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 Cylinder Pressure Analysis For most applications combustion analysis data is shown relative to top dead center (TDC) of the power stroke or to a particu- lar combustion cycle. The most important source of information in indication is the cylinder pressure curve. Both the signal level and the variation relative to the posi- tion of TDC are important in this regard. Gas Exchange Analysis Gas exchange analysis is used to evalu- ate and optimize filling of an individual cylinder: the better the filling, the higher the achievable cylinder output.
However, fuel consumption and emission character- istics can also be optimized with the aid of the data provided. This can be important if the engine developer wants to employ a variable valve train to influence the gas exchange in a flexible manner, or wishes to modify the induction process with a variable intake manifold, etc. In all application sectors engines and combustion systems have reached a level of complexity that could not be mastered without pressure indication measurement. For research, development and the tuning of engines, pressure indication provides the only basis for complying with emission legislation and meeting performance and consumption expectations.
The data calculated from cylinder pressure signals and resultant information includes: Derived data Information provided on Peak pressure Mechanical load on drivetrain Indicated mean effective pressure, Cylinder output complete 4-stroke cycle or Combustion stability high-pressure component only (cyclical fluctuations) Misfiring Response Friction losses High-frequency component of vibration Knocking Pressure gradient Combustion noise Crank angle at peak pressure Overall efficiency Heating curve and energy Combustion efficiency conversion points Qualitative exhaust values Quality of ignition system Gas temperature Qualitative exhaust values Low-pressure component of the indicated Gas exchange losses mean effective pressure, pV diagram Combustion curve Energy balance Mass flow rate Filling of cylinder Residual exhaust gas in cylinder Backflow Gas exchange losses Ignition delay, calculated from Formation of air/fuel mixture ignition or injection point and start of combustion Kistler Know How Pressure curves in intake manifold, cylinder and ex- haust manifold.
In the interest of clarity the compres- sion and combustion pressure of the measured curves are truncated at 2 bar Schematic of measuring points for gas exchange analysis Cylinder pressure Exhaust Crank angle (degrees) Pressure (bar) Intake Cylinder pressure curve over cycle of 4-stroke diesel engine Cylinder pressure Top dead center Crank angle P Intake Exhaust
14 www.kistler.com Systems for Combustion Analysis... Measuring Kistler PiezoStar® crystals provide the foundation for an optimized sensor design providing precision measurements from a miniature device. Combined with engine- specific adapters and the appropriate Amplifying High-performance measurement ampli- fiers convert the raw pressure signal into a precision-scaled voltage which forms the interface between sensor signal and measuring system in the tried-and-tested Signal Conditioning Platform (SCP). The "PiezoSmart® " automatic sensor identification system is based on the TEDS (Transducer Electronic Data Sheet) proto- col.
This system automatically configures all cylinder and low pressure amplifiers and records the operating time, ensuring a high level of flexibility, data quality and process reliability. accessories these sensors produce readings that deliver the very best possible results. To analyze gas exchange, Kistler offers absolute pressure sensors based on the piezoresistive measuring principle.
www.kistler.com 15 ...KiBox® for In-Vehicle Applications The development, production and practical application of piezoelectric sensors and amplifiers has been Kistler's core business since the 1950s. Even then our technology was being used in the research and development of internal combustion engines, both industrial and auto motive. The ability to precisely measure and record extremely dyna mic pressure conditions in cylinders led to high levels of efficiency and lower emission values common in modern engines. For over ten years we have been growing piezoelectric crystals in-house, specifically for use in combustion pres- sure sensors.
However, the precision of the results is determined not only by the sensor properties alone but also by an application-specific measuring chain that includes connecting cables, amplifiers and an evaluation system. Our range of combustion analysis products is the result of decades of intensive collaboration with our customers.
Analysis Working in close collaboration with users, Kistler has taken a significant step in pro- viding a development tool that will improve the quality of data and help to reduce the overall development time for new vehicles. Kistler realized that the only way to give combustion development and automo- tive calibration engineers the information they need to perform their everyday tasks is to analyze the measured signals and the resultant parameters. By developing the KiBox, Kistler has now added to its product range a combustion analysis system de- signed specifically for in-vehicle use.
Stand- ardized interfaces, powerful PC technology and the option to use the proven SCP am- plifier modules ensure that the customer's investment is both well protected and well utilized. The same factors also mean that the user has a tool that is easy to use and can deliver extremely precise results after a very short set-up period.
16 www.kistler.com System Integration on Test Stand Sensors, cables, charge amplifiers and the signal conditioning system from Kistler can be readily configured for different combus- tion analysis tasks. Standardized interfaces ensure that the signal processing system is compatible with a wide variety of test configurations and test stand environ- ments. The PiezoSmart automatic sensor identification system ensures the seamless exchange of data between sensor and eval- uation electronics. This meets the essential requirements for quick and easy evaluation and analysis of measurement data. Crank angle encoder Cooling unit TDC sensor Accessories Combustion pressure Intake/exhaust Injection pressure Torque High-impedance cables Low-impedance cables 1 Measuring 1 2 Connection 2 Oil-resistant cables
www.kistler.com 17 SCP Signal preparation in the signal condi tioning platform (SCP), an integrated equipment platform with measuring func- tion modules. PiezoSmart allows automatic configuration of measuring chain parameters for greater process reliability and automatic record- ing of sensor operating time and pressure cycles. The high-precision sensor system in com- bination with accurate signal conditioning makes even the smallest changes in pres- sure available for analysis. 3 4 Amplification/Conditioning 3 Acquisition/Analysis 4 Kistler SCP and PiezoSmart® Standardized interface Commands (measure, DriftComp) Read (calibration factors) Write (operating time, ranges) Configuration (parapeters) Pressure indication system A Pressure indication system B Pressure indication system C Pressure indication system ...
Microsoft® COM standard 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Speed [1/min] Thermodyn. Loss Angle [°CA BTDC] Meas. Sparking Plug Reference Sensor -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 Crank Angle [°CA] dQ [kJ/m 3 °CA] Meas. Sparking Plug Reference Sensor
18 www.kistler.com Made to Measure Service... Kistler's broad range of support services extend from application engineering, on- site calibration through to the develop- ment of customized sensors. Additional resources are dedicated to providing high quality sensors and customer oriented training courses. From choosing the right sensor through to correct mounting, Kistler's Application Engineering personnel support and advise the customer as required on all questions relating to engine pressure indication. The aim is to ensure that the measurement is always performed with the technol- ogy yielding the maximum benefit and of course, to ensure a sensor operates at maximum accuracy over a long service life.
Adding PiezoSmart® Sensor Identification The modularity of the sensors allows both user or factory upgrading to PiezoSmart. Depending on the required configuration a Triax connector or coupler can be added to an existing sensor or, if necessary, the entire cable assembly can be replaced with a PiezoSmart cable. This ensures that the user can integrate existing sensors into a new test stand and quality assurance procedures. • Customized versions of sensors • Upgrading with PiezoSmart sensor identification • Factory and on-site calibration service • Standards for calibrating sensors • Basic and advanced customer training seminars • Installation and process instructions for sensors • Literature and information leaflets for specific applications Training and Information Kister augments the selection of serv- ices on offer by disseminating specialist knowledge and expertise in the form of presentations and papers at conferences, symposia, exhibitions and trade shows.
In addition, regular basic and advanced training seminars are held for customers covering topics related to measurement and combustion.
This range of services also includes the availability of an extensive library of refer- ence material in either hard-copy or elec- tronic form with data sheets, brochures, manuals and application papers being the most popular. For more information on the topic of PiezoSmart® , please refer to page 8 or to PiezoSmart® System Description Doc. No. 100-421. Advantages at a Glance Data stored for sensor serial number xxxx
www.kistler.com 19 Various pressure generators, reference sensors and charge calibrators are available for calibrating the sensors and charge amplifiers ...Individualized to Suit Each Customer Calibration Service The Calibration Service always operates under strict adherence to all relevant qual- ity assurance and procedural guidelines.
Naturally this includes comprehensive documentation and archiving to ensure traceability and continuity of sensor cali- brations. If operational requirements or cost re- stricts the transportation of sensors and equipment to Kistler, then Kistler can bring the calibration service to the customer. The calibration can be performed quickly and cost effectively in-situ with semi and fully automatic calibration equipment. The Kistler range encompasses well over 1000 different pressure sensors for engine pressure indication, provid- ing a suitable sensor package for virtu- ally any task.
There are cases however, where particular testing requires either an improved performance or where a customized sensor is needed to opti- mize the total test package. In these situations Kistler develops with the customer an individualized version, which, thanks to the modularity of the sensors and wealth of different adapt- ers, cable and connector combina- tions, can generally be manufactured at a reasonable cost. Glow plug adapters for develop- ing diesel engines Measuring spark plug Oil-resistant connectors and cable connec- tions for routing cable in cylinder head Customized Sensors For more information on the topic of calibration, please refer to page 58 onwards.
20 www.kistler.com Measuring High-pressure Sensors for Measuring Cylinder Pressure *...U20 version (with reinforced diaphragm) ** Assortment of common adapters, connecting cables and couplers 6473A... mounting nut (M10x1) 6474A... mounting nut (3/8"x24 UNF) 6472Asp mounting sleeve Sensor Probe Measuring spark plug PiezoSmart ® sensor identification available Cooled Uncooled 6052C... 6053CC... 6054AR... 6055C... 6056A... 6058A 6041B 6043A... 6061B... 6067C... 7061B... 6045A... 6081A... 6125C... 6113B... 6115B... 6117B... 6118B... Sensor M5x0,5 M5x0,5 M5x0,5 M5x0,5 M5x0,5 M5x0,5 M8x0,75 M8x0,75 M10x1 Mounted in sleeve M14x1,25 M8x0,75 M5x0,5 M10x1, 3/8"x24 UNF M10x1 M12x1,25 M14x1,25 M14x1,25 0 ...
250/... 300 bar* 0 ... 250/... 300 bar* 0 ... 300 bar 0 ... 250/... 300 bar* 0 ... 250/... 300 bar* 0 ... 250 bar 0 ... 250 bar 0 ... 250/... 300 bar* 0 ... 250/... 300 bar* 0 ... 250/... 300 bar* 0 ... 250 bar 0 ... 250/... 300 bar* 0 ... 250 bar 0 ... 300 bar* 0 ... 200 bar 0 ... 200 bar 0 ... 200 bar 0 ... 200 bar –20 ... 350 °C –20 ... 350 °C –20 ... 350 °C –20 ... 350 °C –20 ... 350 °C –20 ... 350 °C –20 ... 350 °C –20 ... 350 °C –20 ... 350 °C –20 ... 350 °C –20 ... 350 °C –20 ... 350 °C –20 ... 200 °C –20 ... 350 °C –20 ... 200 °C –20 ... 200 °C –20 ... 200 °C –20 ... 200 °C Type Mounting Mounting Design Pressure Temp.
range thread diameter range min./max.
4,4 mm 4,4 mm 4,4 mm 4,4 mm 4,4 mm 4,0 mm 11,5 mm 9,8 mm 13,5 mm 9,9/ 12,6 mm 16 mm 9,8 mm 4,0 mm 6,2/8,5 mm
www.kistler.com 21 when using PiezoSmart® sensors 6525Asp... mounting sleeve 6542Q... glow plug adapter 6544Q... glow plug adapter 6442 dummy sensor for Type 6061 6444 dummy sensor for Type 6067 6445 dummy sensor for Type 6052 6469 dummy sensor for Type 6125 6475 dummy sensor for Type 6041 6477 dummy sensor for Type 6045 7441 dummy sensor for Type 7061 1631C... (KIAG 10-32 pos. – BNC pos.) 1635C... (KIAG 10-32 pos. – KIAG 10-32 pos.) 1919A1 (M4 pos.
integral – KIAG 10-32 pos.) 1927A1 (M4 pos. integral – KIAG 10-32 pos. integral) 1929A1 (M4 pos. integral – M4 pos. integral) 1957A1 (KIAG 10-32 pos. – KIAG 10-32 pos.) 1967A1 (KIAG 10-32 pos. integral – KIAG 10-32 pos. integral) 1969A1 (KIAG 10-32 pos. integral – KIAG 10-32 pos. integral) 1983AC1 (KIAG 10-32 pos. integral – KIAG 10-32 pos. integral) 1989A... (M3 pos. – ...) with sensor/probe integral 1989A415U43 (M3 pos. – KIAG 10-32 pos. integral) with sensor/probe integral 1705 (M4 neg. – BNC pos.) 1706 (M3 neg. – BNC pos.) 1721 (KIAG 10-32 neg. – BNC pos.) Page 24 Page 24 Page 24 Page 24 Page 26 Page 26 Page 30 Page 30 Page 30 Page 32 Page 32 Page 28 Page 28 Page 28 Page 34 Page 34 Page 34 Page 34 5018A...
5064B21 5064B22 laboratory SCP SCP charge charge charge amplifier amplifier amplifier with PiezoSmart- sensor identification Mechanical Connecting cable** Coupler Amplifier More adapter * Inform.
22 www.kistler.com Measuring High-pressure Sensors for Injection Low-pressure Sensors for Intake/Exhaust Measurement Type Mounting thread Measuring range (absolute) Temperature range min./max. Sensor version Mechanical adapter Cooling Sensor In the printed ver- sion the measuring range (absolute) Type 4005B... and Type 4007B... have been mixed up. In this PDF the values are displayed correctly. Standard PiezoSmart 6596 adapter M14x1,25 6598 adapter M12x1 7501 adapter M14x1,25 7503 adapter M5 7533A... switching adapter M14x1,25 7525A... M14x1,25 4005B... M5x0,5 0 ... 2/... 5/... 10/ ... 20/...
50/... 100/ ... 200/... 400 bar –40 ... 125 °C 4005BA...
4005B...V200S 4007B... M5x0,5 0 ... 5/... 250 bar –40 ... 200 °C 4007BA... 4007B...S 4043A... M14x1,25 0 ... 1/... 500 bar –40 ... 70 °C 4043A... 4043A...V200S 4045A... M14x1,25 0 ... 1/... 500 bar 0 ... 140 °C 4045A... 4045A...V200S 4073A... M12x1 0 ... 10/... 500 bar –40 ... 70 °C 4073A... 4073A...V200S 4075A... M12x1 0 ... 10/... 500 bar 0 ... 140 °C 4075A... 4075A...V200S 4049A... M14x1,25 0 ...5/...10 bar 0 ... 1100 °C (water cooled) 4049A...S Type Mounting thread Design Measuring range (absolute) Temp. range min./max. Sensor version Clamp adapter Sensor Sensor Measuring chain piezoelectric piezoresistive Standard PiezoSmart 6533A21 (cable 6 mm) 6533A22 (cable ¼") 6533A28 (cable 8 mm) 6533A28 (cable >8 ...
13 mm) 6533A11 (cable 6 mm) 6533A12 (cable ¼") 6533A18 (cable 6 ... 8 mm) 4065A... M7x0,75 0 ... 200/... 1000 bar 0 ... 120 °C 4065A... 4065A...S 4067... M10x1 0 ...1000/... 5 000 bar 0 ... 120 °C 4067... 4067...S 6229A... M10x1 0 ... 5 000 bar kalibrierter Teilbereich 0 ... 500 bar –20 ... 200 °C 6229A...
www.kistler.com 23 adapter Connecting cable Extension cable Amplifier More information 7511 M14x1,25 7507 M14x1,25 7505 M18x1,5 Cable at sensor with length of 2 m Cable at sensor with length of 0,5 m 4751A...
24 www.kistler.com Measuring PiezoStar Miniature Sensors and Measuring Probes Piezoelectric Sensors M5 sensor Technical data Measuring range bar Sensitivity pC/bar Natural frequency kHz Linearity %FSO Temperature range °C Sensitivity change 200 °C ±50 °C % 23 ...
350 °C % Thermal shock at 9 bar pmi (1 500 1/min) ∆ p (short term) bar ∆ pmi % ∆ pmax % Dimensions D mm L mm Characteristics Data sheet Mounting bore D L M5x0,5 4,4 mm measuring probe M5 thread set back Type 6052C... 0 ... 250/... 300* ≈–20/ ≈–19* ≈160 ≤±0,3/≤±0,5* –20 ... 350 ≤±0,5 ≤±2/≤±3* ≤±0,5/≤±0,7* ≤±2/≤±3* ≤±1/≤±1,5* 4,4 10 Miniature high-temperature sensor with front seal, high sensitivity, low thermal sensitivity drift, compensated for acceleration, low ther- mal shock error, long life. Compact dimensions with M5x0,5 thread.
6052C_000-552 Type 6054AR... 0 ... 300 –14 ≈160 ≤±0,3 –20 ... 350 ≤±0,5 ≤±2 ≤±0,5 ≤±2 ≤±1 4,4 10 As for Type 6052C . With reduced mounting dimen- sions. Direct mounting in ø5,7 mm bore. 6054AR_000-844 D L M5x0,5 D L M5x0,5 *...U20 version (with reinforced diaphragm) Type 6053CC... 0 ... 250/... 300* –20 ≈160 ≤±0,4 –20 ... 350 ≤±0,5 ≤±2 ≤±0,5 ≤±2 ≤±1 4,4 14,5 As for Type 6052C... . Probe for direct mounting in 6,0 mm hole diameter. 6053CC_000-571 M5 measuring probe O-Ring (4x0,6 Viton® ) Type 1100A61 35 15,8 10,8 5,8 ø3 min.
8 1 6 ° 32 80 x = 40 ... 140 ø4,5 ø5,1 H7 min. ø13 M5x0,5 1) 22,7 6 1 60 x = 30 ...
120 12 ø3 min. ø13 Sealing surface M5x0,5 6 H8 6,3 11,3 16,3 1) max. 1,5 Rmax. 0,2 ø5,7 (6054A...) min. ø7,5 (6052C...) 7 ... 9 max. 1,8 2,5 ... 4 max. 0,1x45° ø4,5 ø3 M5x0,5 R m a x . , 2 1) AL 4 mm Ci 4 mm Steel 2,5 mm Type 6055C... 0 ... 250/... 300* –20 ≈160 ≤±0,4 –20 ... 350
www.kistler.com 25 Measuring Sleeve Mounting Type 6052C... Uncooled miniature sensors featuring M5 mounting threads are ideal for multi-valve engines with small combustion chambers. The most effective heat dissipation is achieved by mounting with front sealing, either within a mounting sleeve or directly in the cylinder head. Types 6053CC... and 6055C... can be used without an additional mounting sleeve in water-cooled engines. Type 6054AR... is particularly well suited for high speeds, as it is less sensitive to vibration.
Utilizing M5 Sensors Piezoelectric Sensors ø13,5/SW 12 ø10 H7 ø10 G6 ø9,5 ø10 M7x0,75 7 X = 20 ...
200 8 2 Mounting sleeve Type 6525Asp 20 ... 50 Type 6525Asp 50 ... 200 Tightening torque of sensor for Typ 6525Asp: 4 ... 7 N·m Sensor Type 6052C1 O-Ring O-Ring 6055 O-Ring M5x0,5 M 5 x ,5 ø4,5 6052 ø3 ø10 M5 x0,5 M7x0,75 ø 7 ,5 6053 6052 ø6 Direct Mounting Type 6053CC... Mounting Examples ø 6 -0 ,0 2 -0 ,0 5 ø 6 ,0 3 ,0 1 M 5 x , 5 4 , 4 -0 ,0 2
26 www.kistler.com Measuring 4,4 mm measuring probe standard length PiezoStar® 4 mm measuring probe standard length PiezoStar® Miniature Sensors and Measuring Probes Technical data Measuring range bar Sensitivity pC/bar Natural frequency kHz Linearity %FSO Temperature range °C Sensitivity change 200 °C ±50 °C % 23 ... 350 °C % Thermal shock error at 9 bar pmi (1500 1/min) ∆ p (short term) bar ∆ pmi % ∆ pmax % Dimensions D mm L mm Characteristics Data sheet Mounting bore D L M5x0,5 Type 6058A... 0 ... 250 –17 ≈160 ≤±0,3 –20 ... 350 ≤±0,5 ≤±2 ≤±0,5 ≤±2 ≤±1 4 33,5 Probe with thread set back, M3 cable connection.
Only requires 4,1 mm mounting hole. Suitable for measure- ments with glow plug adapter Type 6544Q... from 4,5 mm diameter. Direct mounting in confined spaces.
6058A_000-573 Piezoelectric Sensors Type 6056A... 0 ... 250/... 300* –20 ≈160 ≤±0,3 –20 ... 350 ≤±0,5 ≤±2 ≤±0,5 ≤±2 ≤±1 4,4 33,5 As for Type 6052C . Thread set back, M3 cable connec- tion. Only requires 4,5 mm mounting hole. Suitable for measurements with glow plug adapter Type 6542Q... from 5 mm diameter. Direct mounting in confined spaces. 6056A_000-529 D L M5x0,5 ø5,7/≥7,5 ø3 R m a x . , 2 ø4,5 +0,03 8 24 2,5 ... 4 max. 0,1x45° M5x0,5 10 24 A ø5,7/≥7,5 M5x0,5 ø4,1 ø3 max. 0,1x45° *2,5 4 m a x . R , 2 +0,05 *...U20 version (with reinforced diaphragm)
www.kistler.com 27 Measuring Type 6056A...
in adapter Type 6542Q... Type 6058A... in adapter Type 6544Q... Mounting in Glow Plug Adapters Type 6056A... in adapter Type 6542Q... What to Specify for the Adapter Design Glow plug adapters allow measurement of cylinder pressure without an expensive separate measuring bore. • Simplest method of mounting without additional indicating bore • Design conforming to specified glow plug bore • High signal quality achieved through measure- ment close to the combustion in DI diesel engines • Standard sensor for variety of glow plug adapters • No reworking of glow plug bore necessary As the gap between the adapter and the mount- ing bore influences the effectiveness of the measurement, when ordering, please specify the dimensions of both the existing glow plug and the mounting bore.
Note: Kistler cannot guarantee signal quality and ser- vice life unless accurate mounting bore dimensions are provided.
28 www.kistler.com Measuring Miniature Sensors Ground isolated PiezoStar® 4 mm measuring probe Technical data Measuring range bar Sensitivity pC/bar Natural frequency kHz Linearity %FSO Temperature range °C Sensitivity change 250 °C ±100 °C % 23 ... 350 °C % Thermal shock error at 9 bar pmi (1500 1/min) ∆ p (short term) bar ∆ pmi % ∆ pmax % Dimensions D mm L mm Characteristics Data sheet Mounting bore Type 6081A... 0 ... 250 –9,5 ≈120 ≤±0,5 –20 ...
200 ≤±1 (200 ±50 °C) ≤±2 (23 ... 200 °C) ≤±0,8 ≤±4 ≤±2 4 30 ... 80 (available) Miniature sensor for pres- sure measurements, easily installed and robust, available in different lengths, 90° taper for flexible mounting.
6081A_000-494 D L D L M5x0,5 Piezoelectric Sensors Type 6125C... 0 ... 300* –37 ≈75 ≤±0,4 –20 ... 350 ≤±1 ≤±2 ≤±0,3 ≤±1,5 ≤±1 6,2 10 High-temperature sensor with special mounting sleeve. Ground isolation allows inter- ference-free measurement even where potential differ- ences arise. Low thermal sensitivity drift. Very low thermal shock error with high sensitivity. 6125C_000-695 Type 6045A... 0 ... 250/300* –45 ≈80 ≤±0,4 –20 ... 350 ≤±0,7 ≤±2 ≤±0,3 ≤±1,5 ≤±1 9,8 7,9 High-temperature sensor, non-cooled, shoulder-sealing, mounting bore M8x0,75, mounting dimensions compa- tible with Type 6041A..., high sensitivity, low thermal sensi- tivity drift, long life, very low thermal shock error.
6045A_000-618 M8 sensor PiezoStar® D L M8x0,75 ø10 13 min. ø7,5 ø4,1 M5x0,5 15 2 L min. ø10 ø 3 max. 5 M8x0,75 8,2 7 8 ø6,35 ø8,5 12 27 min. 37 min. ø13 M10x1 KIAG 3/8 ... 24 *...U20 version (with reinforced diaphragm)
www.kistler.com 29 Measuring Thermal shock, which is also called short-term drift, is a measuring error arising periodically within each combustion cycle. It is caused by time-dependent thermal stresses in the sensor dia- phragm induced by the heat flux of hot combus- tion gases, which can reach temperatures of over 2 000 °C for a few milliseconds.
The deformation of the diaphragm creates the illusion of a change in pressure. The degree of falsification of the measurement result depends on the sensor, its mounting arrangement and the operating point of the engine. Thus, in a given engine the error depends on the injection/ignition point, speed, load, etc.
The magnitude of thermal shock is measured relative to a water-cooled reference pressure sen- sor whose low temperature error makes it ideal for precision thermodynamic measurements. The thermal shock corresponds to the maximum devia- tion between the unit under test and the reference sensor. The values relate to measurements in a test engine at 1 500 1/min and at an IMEP of 9 bar. Thermal Shock FEM simulation shows on a highly magnified scale deformation of the diaphragm (left) under the influ- ence of heat flux Short-term drift of miniature sensor measured on Kistler test engine ø15 ø6,35 ø 6 ,3 5 ø 1 3 Type 6125 M10 x 1 Type 6125 Type 6125 M10 x 1 O-ring O-ring with mounting sleeve with mounting nut direct mounting Mounting Examples Type 6081A...
Mounting Examples Type 6125C... Type 6081A30 30 min. 8 4 M5x0,5 ø4,1 ø2
30 www.kistler.com Measuring M8 sensor ThermoComp® M10 ThermoComp® quartz pressure sensor Type 6041B... 0 ... 250 –40 ≈70 ≤±0,3 –20 ... 350 ≤±0,5 ≤±2 ≤±0,25 ≤±1 ≤±1 11,5 7,9 Smallest water-cooled sensor with M8 thread, excellent thermal drift stability due to water cooling. Double diaphragm with optimized thermal shock resistance, long life steel-sheathed cable. 6041B_000-516 Type 6061B... 0 ... 250/... 300* –25 ≈90 ≤±0,5 –20 ... 350 ≤±0,5 ≤±2,5 ≤±0,2 ≤±1 ≤±1 13,5 10 Water cooled sensor with M10 thread, excellent thermal drift stability due to water cooling. Double diaphragm with optimized thermal shock resistance, long life due to TiN coating and steel-sheathed cable.
6061B_000-020 Sensors and Probes, Water-cooled Piezoelectric Sensors M8 probe ThermoComp® Type 6043A... 0 ... 250/... 300* –20 ≈70 ≤±0,5 –20 ... 350 ≤±0,5 ≤±2 ≤±0,25 ≤±2 ≤±1 9,8 8 Probe for direct mounting in 10,0 mm hole. Excellent thermal drift stability due to water cooling. Double diaphragm with optimized thermal shock resistance, long life due to TiN coating and steel-sheathed cable. 6043A_000-014 *...U20 version (with reinforced diaphragm) min. ø12 ø 3 7 8 8,2 5 max. M8x0,75 min. ø14 ø3 ... 5 max.
10 10,5 min. 8,5 5 M10x1 Technical data Measuring range bar Sensitivity pC/bar Natural frequency kHz Linearity %FSO Temperature range °C Sensitivity change 50 °C ±35 °C (cooled) % 23 ...
350 °C (uncooled) % Thermal shock error at 9 bar pmi (1500 1/min) ∆ p (short term) bar ∆ pmi % ∆ pmax % Dimensions D mm L mm Characteristics Data sheet Mounting bore ø10 60° 1 L 8 7 8,2 max. 5 ø3 M8x0,75 L M8x0,75 L M10x1 D L M8x0,75 D D
www.kistler.com 31 Measuring Mounting Examples ø10 Type 6043 Type 6043 Type 6041 Type 6041 ø10 ø14 M8x0 ,75 M8x0,75 M 12x1 M 8 x ,7 5 ø 1 2 Tips for Care of Cylinder Pressure Sensors Quartz cylinder pressure sensors must be cleaned at regular intervals depending on the type of ap- plication, service period and fuel being used. Any deposits can be removed as specified in the follow- ing instructions. Note: The cable must be left connected to the sen- sor during cleaning or a cap Type 1895… fitted to the sensor connector.
1. Rough cleaning Remove the layer of dirt (consisting of fuel resi- dues, soot and lubricating oil) deposited on the dia- phragm with a mild abrasive agent (such as Kistler polishing rubber (grade 240), Type No.
6.970.010). Note: Never clean the front of the sensor with me- tallic agents (for example, by brushing, grinding, scraping or sand blasting), as this can irreparably damage the diaphragm and hence the sensor. 2. Thorough cleaning We recommend dipping the sensor in a cleaning agent based on a mineral oil (e.g. petroleum ether, petrol) , cleaned with a brush and then dried with compressed air. Kistler's Type 1003 cleaning spray may be used for this task.
3. Thorough cleaning in ultrasonic bath If necessary, a thorough cleaning of the sensors can be achieved using an ultrasonic bath, however it is imperative to ensure: • The connecting cable is properly tightened • The sensor is immersed in the cleaning agent up to its seal ring only • The cleaning time does not exceed 2 minutes Note: Cleaning for too long and use of excessively powerful ultrasonic baths can irreparably damage the sensor.
32 www.kistler.com Measuring ø10 mm ThermoComp® pluggable pressure sensor D L M14 ThermoComp® quartz pressure sensor Type 7061B...
0 ... 250 –80 ≈45 ≤±0,5 –20 ... 350 ≤±0,5 ≤±2 ≤±0,1 ≤±0,5 ≤±0,5 16 13 Water-cooled sensor with M14 thread, extremely high sensitivity, excellent thermal drift stability due to water cooling. Double diaphragm with optimized thermal shock resistance, long life due to TiN coating and steel-sheathed cable. Reference sensor. 7061B_000-052 Sensors, Water-cooled Piezoelectric Sensors Type 6067C...
0 ... 250/... 300* –25 ≈90 ≤±0,3 –20 ... 350 ≤±0,5 ≤±2 ≤±0,2 ≤±1 ≤±1 9,9 9,5 As Type 6061B... . Special mounting sleeve for easy mounting and removal of sensor. 6067C_000-021 M14x1,25 L Technical data Measuring range bar Sensitivity pC/bar Natural frequency kHz Linearity %FSO Temperature range °C Sensitivity change 50 °C ±35 °C (cooled) % 23 ... 350 °C (uncooled) % Thermo shock error at 9 bar pmi (1500 1/min) ∆ p (short term) bar ∆ pmi % ∆ pmax % Dimensions D mm L mm Characteristics Data sheet Mounting bore D M14x1 ø13 ø3 ... 5 ø10 10,5 10 L 15 ø3 ... 5 min. ø18 13 max. min. 12 13,5 5 M14x1,25 *...U20 version (with reinforced diaphragm)
www.kistler.com 33 Measuring Sleeve Type 6067C... The method of mounting the sensor heavily influences measurement quality and sensor life. It is therefore very important to strictly follow the various tolerances and sur- face finish requirements for the indicating bores in addi- tion to the torque wrench settings for tightening the sensors. Accessories for Mounting Sensors Kistler offers an extensive range of tools for forming the bores and threads, installing the sensors and finishing the sealing surfaces. Careful preparation using the correct tools and adapters will ensure a high quality of data and the longest sensor life.
ø7,3 SW 5,5 ø9 220 5 SW 8 ø18,5 ø5,5 87 163 ø4,5 M5x0,5 250 11 ø5 M4 ø12 SW 8 N·m 222 5 3 6 4 2 SW 4 M5x0,5 130 16 ø4,5 h8 ø3 175 19 10 ø7,5 h8 Mounting wrench SW 5,5 Type 1300A9 Torque wrench 1 ... 6 N∙m Type 1300A17 Extraction tool for dummy sensor Type 1319 Finishing tool for bore Type 1300A79 Step drill Type 1300A51 Special tap M5x0,5 Type 1357A ø6,1 SW 5,5 26 M5x0,5 4,4 M4 10 10 3,5 Dummy sensor Type 6445 (for Type 6052...) M14x1 1203Bsp 1 5 7 . . . 1 5 1 8 m in . 1 4 m a x . 2 hex 16 6471sp70 ... 150 Option ø12,6
34 www.kistler.com Measuring M10x1 with integral cylinder pressure sensor M12x1,25 with integral cylinder pressure sensor M14x1,25 with integral cylinder pressure sensor Measuring Spark Plugs Technical data Measuring range bar Sensitivity pC/bar Natural frequency kHz Linearity %FSO Temp.
range (sensor) °C Sensitivity change 200 °C ±50 °C % Thermal shock error at 9 bar pmi (1 500 1/min) ∆ p (short term) bar ∆ pmi % ∆ pmax % Dimensions Sealing flat L mm Sealing tapered L mm Characteristics Data sheet Mounting bore Type 6115B... 0 ... 200 –10 ≈130 ≤±0,5 –20 ... 200 ≤±0,5 ≤±0,6 ≤±3 ≤±1,5 19/26,5 – M12 measuring spark plug with integral sensor. High natural frequency, front of sensor flush, wide range of spark plugs available. Replaceable ceramic insulator. Replaceable cable. Reduced center electrode eccentricity of 1,7 mm.
6115B_000-697 Type 6117B... 0 ... 200 –15 ≈130 ≤±0,5 –20 ... 200 ≤±0,5 ≤±0,6 ≤±3 ≤±1,5 19/22/26,5 17,5/23,5/25,4 M14 measuring spark plug with integral sensor. High sensitivity and natural frequency, front of sensor flush. Replaceable cable. Eccentricity 2,2 mm. 6117B_000-022 M14x1,25 with integral cylinder pressure sensor Type 6118B... 0 ... 200 –10 ≈130 ≤±0,5 –20 ... 200 ≤±0,5 ≤±0,6 ≤±3 ≤±1,5 19/26,5 – M14 measuring spark plug with integral sensor. High natural frequency, front of sensor flush, virtually concen- tric, replaceable ceramic insulator, with platinum electrodes. Replaceable cable.
Reduced center electrode eccentricity of 0,6 mm. 6118B_000-699 Type 6113B... 0 ... 200 –10 ≈130 ≤±0,5 –20 ... 200 ≤±0,5 ≤±0,6 ≤±3 ≤±1,5 19/22/26,5 – M10 measuring spark plug with integral sensor. High natural frequency, front of sensor flush, replace- able ceramic insulator, with platinum electrodes. Reduced center electrode eccentricity of 1,6 mm.
6113B_000-732 M12x1,25 L max. 200 min. ø20 min. ø21 M14x1,25 max. 200 L ø18 ... 20 M10x1 L max. 200 M14x1,25 L max. 200 min. ø21 L M10x1 L M12x1,25 L M14x1,25 L M14x1,25
www.kistler.com 35 Measuring Overview of Heat Values Measuring Spark Plugs Measuring spark plugs allow cylinder pressure measurement without any separate indicating bore. The spark plug contains the smallest piezo- electric high-temperature cylinder pressure sensor available in the world. The sensor is positioned flush with the combustion chamber, giving a natural frequency of more than 50 kHz.
The measuring spark plug is thus ideal for pressure indication measurements on internal combustion engines running at high speeds. The heat value defines the range of applications of the spark plug. Hot plugs (10, 8) are used in stand- ard engines, which often operate lightly loaded. Cold plugs (03, 07) are used for high-performance engines under high loads.
The Kistler measuring spark plugs use the BERU/ BOSCH heat values: New 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 09 08 07 Hot Medium Cold Different manufacturers define the heat values in different ways. A comparison table therefore has to be used to specify the corresponding heat values. The original heat value should be used if possible. A spark plug can be replaced with a colder but not a hotter plug. This means a spark plug with a heat value of 6 can be replaced with a plug with a heat value of 5, but not vice versa. DENSO NGK Champion BOSCH 9 2 18 10 14 4 16, 14 9 16 5 12, 11 8 20 6 10, 9 7,6 22 7 8,7 5 24 8 6, 61, 63 4 27 9 4, 59 3 29 9,5 57 31 10 55 2 32 10,5 53 34 11 09 35 11,5 07 Torque in N∙m Thread Cylinder head Flat Seal Cast iron Aluminum M12x1,25 15 ...
25 12 ... 20 M14x1,25 20 ... 35 15 ... 30 M18x1,5 30 ... 45 20 ... 35 Tapered seal M14x1,25 15 ... 25 12 ... 20 M18x1,5 15 ... 30 15 ... 25 Mounting without torque wrench: • Flat seal: turn maximum of 90° to tighten • Tapered seal: tighten approximately 15° Installing spark plugs with the wrong heat value, thread reach or sealing seat generally has serious consequenc- es for the engine, its operating characteristics and the plugs them- selves.
Table comparing the heat values of different spark plug manufactu- rers. Installing Spark Plugs
36 www.kistler.com Measuring M5 sensor M5 Miniature Absolute Pressure Sensor/Measuring Chain Piezoresistive Sensors M5 sensor with tempera- ture range up to 200 °C Technical data Measuring range bar Output signal (amplif.) V Linearity and hysteresis (BSL) %FSO Min./max. temperature °C Compensated temperature range °C Natural frequency kHz Material Dimensions D mm (sensor) L mm Characteristics Data sheet Mounting bore D L M5x0,5 Type 4007BA...F S 0 ... 5/...
20 0 ... 10 100 17-4PH St. Stl. 6,2 4 Miniature pressure sensor for measuring pressures in the intake systems. Compact size for versatile applications, high natural frequency. Avail- able as PiezoSmart version or measuring chain with ampli- fier Type 4618A... . 4007B_000-614 D L M5x0,5 min. ø9 min. ø7 max.
200 max. 12 min. 4 M5x0,5 (4005B...F) min. ø9 min. ø7 max. 200 max. 12 min. 4 M5x0,5 (4007B...F) min. ø9 min. ø7 max. 200 max. 12 min. 4 M5x0,5 (4005B...F) min. ø9 min. ø7 max. 200 max. 12 min. 4 M5x0,5 (4007B...F) Type 4005B... 0 ... 5/... 10/... 20/... 50/ ... 100/... 250 0 ... 10 100 17-4PH St. Stl. 6,2 4 Miniature pressure sensor for measuring pressures in the intake systems. Compact size for versatile applications, very high natural frequency. Avail- able as PiezoSmart version or measuring chain with ampli- fier Type 4618A... . 4005B_000-594
www.kistler.com 37 Measuring Piezoresistive Sensors Low Pressure Indication in Combustion Engine As modern internal combustion engines face ever tighter power, efficiency and emissions requirements, gas exchange optimization is becoming increasingly important.
Gas exchange analysis based on low-pressure measurements in the inlet and exhaust is a key technique in this development work. Piezoresistive measurement technology provides a suitable solution in providing high-preci- sion absolute pressure measurements. Piezoresistive pressure sensors have to meet the following requirements: • High-precision absolute pressure measurement • Miniaturization for highly flexible mounting • Robust construction and long service life In addition to suitable sensors, factors such as adapters and installation for the particular application are of considerable importance.
The intake pressure can generally be measured with directly mounted sensors that are not actively cooled. However, high exhaust temperatures (>1 000 °C) always necessitate such cooling. Ideal cooling of water-cooled sensors or adapters is achieved with the Kistler temperature conditioning unit Type 2621E... . A suitable low-pressure analysis system is chosen primarily on the basis of the following criteria: • Available space • Required accuracy • Service stresses (heat, vibration and soot) A fundamental distinction can be drawn between two applications: Compact Solutions Compact sensors can be positioned per- fectly even when space is at a premium.
These sensors are directly installed into the measuring bore or by using compact cooled adapters. This ease of handling is enhanced by other advantages such as reliably, longevity and good accuracy. Highest Accuracy Maximum accuracy is often essential if the R&D focus is on low pressure analysis. The desired precision can be achieved through the use of cooled switching adapters.
The following mounting situation shows the sensor system recommended by Kis- tler for both applications. Other sensors and (cooled) adapters are available. Piezoresistive absolute pressure sensor Type 4005B... mounted in the inlet manifold M14x1,25 M14x1,25 M5x0,5 M14x1,25 Intake Exhaust Type 4005B.../4007B... Type 4049A... Type 4045A.../4075A... in cooled switching adapter Type 7533A... Highest Accuracy Use of a cooled switching adapter for zero adjustment with engine running Compact Solutions For ease of handling, high reliability and long service life along with good accuracy
38 www.kistler.com Measuring M14 sensor with PiezoSmart® M12 sensor with PiezoSmart® Absolute Pressure Sensors M14 sensor, water-cooled with PiezoSmart® Piezoresistive Sensors Technical data Measuring range bar (abs.) Linearity and hysteresis (BSL) %FSO Min./max.
temperature °C Compensated temperature range °C Natural frequency* kHz Dimensions D mm L mm Characteristics Data sheet Mounting bore Type 4049A...S 0 ... 5 . 10 1 100 °C gas temp.) 0 ... 80 >60 18 6,7 Compact sensor size with water cooling. Oil-filled measuring element. Steel diaphragm for media separa- tion. Available as PiezoSmart or as measuring chain with amplifier Type 4622A… . 4049A_000-727 ø11 ø9,5 M12x1 min. 10 min. 12 max. 22 Type 4043/45A...V200S 0 ... 1/... 2/... 5/... 10/... 20/ ... 50/... 100/... 200/... 500 14 ... 200 12 14 Built-in temperature compen- sation, high natural frequen- cy, good linearity.
PiezoSmart version with sensor identifi- cation when used with SCP amplifier Type 4665. Also available as measuring chain Type 4618.
4043A_000-003 min. ø16,2 ø12,647 ø12,912 M14x1,25 min. 8 min. 14,5 max. 10 Type 4073/75A...V200S 0 ... 10/... 20/... 50/... 100/ ... 200/... 500 125 ... 200 9,5 35 Built-in temperature compen- sation, high natural frequen- cy, good linearity. PiezoSmart version with sensor identifi- cation when used with SCP amplifier Type 4665. Also available as measuring chain Type 4618. 4043A_000-003 ø11 ø9,5 M12x1 min. 10 min. 12 max. 22 * Depending on measuring range D L M12x1 D L M14x1,25 D L M14x1,25
www.kistler.com 39 Measuring Example of low-pressure measuring point in good position near exhaust valve.
The sensor is mounted in a switching adapter Exhaust Pressure Measurement Using a Switching Adapter To cope with the high gas temperatures the sensors have to be actively cooled in the exhaust. The cooled switching adapt- er Type 7533A… provides the optional conditioning of exhaust gases which in turn yields the best sensor accuracy and longest life. Use of the cooled switching adapter also permits simple zeroing of the sensor signal with the engine running. For exhaust pressure measurements the sensor Type 4045A… or 4075A… in the cooling adapter Type 7533A… is recom- mended.
Principle of operation: The pressure sensor is only exposed to the hot exhaust gas during measurement (e.g. 100 cycles). A pneumatic valve controls exposure of the sensor to exhaust gas Control pressure off Control pressure on Control pressure off Measurement period Control pressure 0 bar 2 … 6 bar Cylindre pressure Exhaust pressure of sensor in cooled switching adapter Ambient/Exhaust pressure Ambient pressure ∆p = offset correction value Switching Adapter Piezoresistive Sensors pressure or ambient pressure. This allows convenient zeroing of the sensor signal with the engine running immediately prior to the measurement and under identical thermal conditions.
The intermittent exposure of the sensor to hot exhaust gas makes it possible to maximize the measurement accuracy over a long service life. Technical Data Measuring range bar Control air pressure bar Switching delay ms Coolant flow l/min Dimensions D mm L mm Weight grams Characteristics Data sheet Type 7533A...
40 www.kistler.com Measuring High-pressure Sensors/Measuring Chains High-pressure Sensors Piezoresistive Sensors M10 sensor up to 5 000 bar Piezoelectric Sensors M10 sensor up to 5 000 bar with PiezoSmart® M7 sensor with amplifier (measuring chain) up to 1 000 bar Technical data Measuring range bar (abs.) Output signal (amplifier) V Linearity and hysteresis (BSL) %FSO Min./max. temperature °C Compensated temperature range Natural frequency* kHz Dimensions D mm (sensor) L mm Characteristics Data sheet Mounting bore D L M10x1 min. ø12,5 M10x1 15 12 min. 2,5 ø9 max. ø5 D Type 4067... 0 ... 1 000/...
2 000/ ... 3 000/... 5 000 0 ... 10 100 ... 200 8,5 18,6 High-pressure sensor with robust membrane and front sealing for measurements in hydraulic systems. Available as PiezoSmart version with sensor identification or meas- uring chain with amplifier Type 4618A... .
4067_000-006 4067C_000-708 L M10x1 Type 4067A min. ø12,5 ø9 max. ø5 M10x1 15 12 min. 2,5 D L M7x0,75 ø6,35 H7 M7x0,75 Type 4065 min. 6 min. 20 14 min. 10 ø5,6 Type 4065A... 0 ... 200/... 500 0 ... 10 (or 4 ... 20 mA) 40 ... 100 5 25,3 High-pressure sensor with robust membrane and front sealing for measurements in hydraulic systems. Available as PiezoSmart version with sensor identification or meas- uring chain with amplifier Type 4618A... . 4065A_000-005 * depending on measuring range Technical data Measuring range bar Overload bar Natural frequency kHz Linearity %FSO Sensitivity pC/bar Calibration Dimensions D mm (sensor) L mm Characteristics Data sheet Mounting bore Type 6229A...
5 000 6 000 ≈200
www.kistler.com 41 Measuring Piezoresistive Sensors Clamping Adapters Type 6533A1... Type 6533A2... ø28 ø1,5 SW 11 SW 8 M10x1 m i n . R 1 5 ø13 ø x H8 22 23,5 32,5 M4 Type 4067... 21 The clamping adapter Type 6533A... is mounted on a straight section of the fuel line. Ideally a straight, separate section of pipe allows the adapter to be easily installed. When not re- quired, the adapter can then be replaced with an unmodified section. Use a 1,5 mm diameter bit to drill into the fuel pipe through the mounted adapter. This opera- tion must be done at high speed to minimize the size of the metallic residue.
Avoid damaging the opposite wall of the fuel pipe!
The adapter must remain on the fuel pipe and cannot be removed and remounted. After drilling, Using and Mounting Clamping Adapters Sensor vs. Adapter 6533A... Adapter 1 • 2 • 4 • 5 • 7 • Sensor Type 4045A... 4065A... 4067A.../6229A... 4005B... 6052C... it is advisable to flush the pipe to remove all of the metallic residue. The table shows which adapter is suitable for which sensor. For exam- ple, sensor Type 4067A... is used with adapter Type 6533A1... . ø1,5 ø13 SW 11 SW 8 SW 8 M7x0,75 Type 4065A M4 22 ø x H8 ø28 21
42 www.kistler.com Measuring General Purpose High Performance Pressure Transducer Piezoresistive Sensors Rugged absolute sensor customer configurable Gage sensor, wide temperature range with integral amplifier Compact differential pressure sensor Technical data Measuring range bar Overpressure Output signal Accuracy ±%BFSL (linearity, hysteresis and repeatability) Min./max.
temp. °C °C Compensated °C temperature range °C Thermal effects –5 ... 50 °C %FS –40 ... 125 °C %FS Pressure connection Electrical connection Dimensions D mm L mm Characteristics Data sheet Type 4260A... 1 … 350 absolute barometric >3 x FS mV, V or mA 0,1 (0,05 available) –55/125 (mV, V) –55/80 (mA) –40/125 (mV, V) –40/80 (mA) 1 1,5 Customer selectable Customer selectable 25 85 4260A_000-685 Type 4262A... 0,1 ... 350 gage or sealed gage >3 x FS mV, V or mA 0,2 (≤1 bar) 0,1 (>1 bar) (0,05 available) –55/125 (mV, V) –55/80 (mA) –40/125 (mV, V) –40/80 (mA) 1 1,5 Customer selectable Customer selectable 25 63 4260A_000-685 D L D L D L Type 4264A...
0,1 … 10 differential >3 x FS mV, V or mA 0,2 (≤1 bar) 0,1 (>1 bar) (0,05 available) –55/125 (mV, V) –55/100 (mA) –40/125 (mV, V) –40/80 (mA) 1 1,5 (for ranges below 1 bar) Customer selectable Customer selectable 25 100 4264A_000-714 Type 4260/62 and 4264 is a versatile high performance compact pressure series which offers absolute, gage and differential versions. Maximal product flexibility concerning pressure connector and electrical output configuration is given due to its high modularity. The unique patented sealing method enables to withstand multiple cycles without fatigue that is especially useful in cyclic applications.
This design also enables flexibility in choice of pressure connections without the use of adapters or O-rings which refers to maximal media compatibility. All these reasons make the series suitable for operation in harsh test environments where temperature extremes, high vibration and shock levels are present. Information CE-compliant to EN61326-1:2001/A1/A2, with pressure equipment directive (PED) 97/23/EG, ä conformity category 1, pressure accessory Intrinsically safe È II 1G ia (available optional) È II 3G nL Class I Div I Groups A, B, C, D
www.kistler.com 43 Connecting Cable Material PFA/Metal, High-insulation, Triboelectrically Optimized, Temperature Range –55 ...
200 °C Cable Material PFA/Green, High-insulation, Triboelectrically Optimized, Temperature Range –55 ... 200 °C Materials PFA/metal To protect the cables against mechanical damage, such as that caused by friction due to vibration, they are provided with a flexible steel or stainless steel braiding. In other respects their design corresponds to the PFA/green version with a sheath of chemical- and temperature-resistant perfluoro alkoxy alkane.
Please note that the selected ca- ble combination must match your particular sensor! For more infor- mation please refer to page 45. Materials PFA/green The characteristics of the perfluoro alkoxy alkane (PFA) cable braidings include their strength, even at very high temperatures, excellent thermal stability and superb chemical resistance. When using cables without a metal sheath, ensure they are not subjected to any mechanical loads caused by friction. Cable PFA/metal Cable PFA/green Connecting cables Extension cables M4 pos. M4 pos.
integral KIAG 10- 32 pos. BNC pos. BNC neg. KIAG 10- 32 neg.
1651C... 1631C... 1601B... 1603B... BNC pos. 1699A0,5 KIAG 10-32 pos. integral 1655C... 1921 1635C... 1637C... KIAG 10-32 pos. 1673A... Fischer neg. KE 103 1985A1S1 * ) 1985A2S1 * ) 10-32 Triax M4 Triax ** see PiezoSmart cabling on page 45 Connecting cables M4 pos. KIAG 10-32 KIAG 10-32 integral pos. pos. integral M4 pos. integral 1967A * ) 1969A...*) 1929A...*) 1957A...*) 1919*) 1975A...*) *) with stainless steel braiding ) see PiezoSmart cabling on page 45, ***) electrically insulated stainless stell braiding KIAG 10-32 pos.
KIAG 10-32 pos. integral 1985A1S3... **) 1985A2S3... **) 10-32 Triax M4 Triax
44 www.kistler.com Connecting 1 2 3 4 5 Outer insulation Electrical shielding Special coating (graphite conductor) Electrical insulation Teflon® PTFE Inner wire 1 2 3 4 5 The electrical connection between piezoelectric sensor and charge amplifier has to be highly insulated (approx imately 1013 Ω) to prevent electrical drift of the meas- urement signal. Special coaxial cables have a conductor insulated with Teflon® or Kapton® and similar require- ments apply to the plug-in connections.
As only very small currents flow in the cables, they are particularly prone to electrical interference and should be kept as short as possible.
Triboelectric effect Movement of the cables produces very small charges (triboelectric effect), which falsify the measurement. This is prevented with special cable layers coated with graphite. Typical values of the triboelectricity of special cables subjected to high levels of vibration are less than 1 pC. The cables must nevertheless be routed so they are not subject to vibration. This is particularly important with the internal combustion engine, as a cable can shake excessively if routed with too much slack. Cable Material Viton® /Black, High-insulation, Triboelectrically Optimized, Temperature Range –55 ...
200 °C Materials Viton® /black Viton is a registered trademark of DuPont Performance Elastomers for a class of fluoroelastomers. The material is characterized by high thermal and chemical resistance, particularly to hydrocarbons. The cables fitted with a liquid- tight connector are extremely robust and resist oils and fuels.
Criteria for Selecting Right Cable Viton® /black ** see PiezoSmart cables on page 45 Connecting Cables M3 pos. integral M4 pos. integral KIAG 10-32 pos. integral 1983AA... oil resistant M4 pos. integral 1989A... 1927A...*) 1983AC... KIAG 10-32 pos. integral 1983AB... KIAG 10-32 pos. 1989A... M3 pos. integral 1985A8S4 * ) 1985A1S7 * ) 1985A2S7 * ) Triax 1 2 3 4 5 Couplers High-insulation (without PiezoSmart® Function) TRIAX neg. BNC pos. KIAG 10-32 neg. KIAG 10-32 pos. M4 neg. 1704A1 BNC neg. 1704A2 1721 1729A KIAG 10-32 neg. 1704A3 1705 1700A13 1700A31 1700A23 M4 neg.
1704A5 1706 1700A35 M3 neg.
1704A4 TRIAX pos.
www.kistler.com 45 Connecting Cable Overview Piezoelectric Cables PiezoSmart® Cable Plug Connection M4 (pos.) 1 KIAG 10-32 (pos.) 2 M3 (pos.) 8 Cable Version PFA metal braiding with PiezoSmart coupling 3 Viton® with PiezoSmart coupling 4 PFA with PiezoSmart coupling 6 Viton® oil-resistant with PiezoSmart coupling 7 Cable Length 1 m 1 2 m 2 sp. 9 TEDS Data without factory calibration 0 According to sensor serial number with stored factory calibration data 1 Type 1985A S Piezoresistive Cable Illustration Connection for Type 4603 for Type 4603 for Type 4618 for Type 4603, 4665 for Type 4603, 4665 for Type 4618 for Type 4618 Used for sensor Type 4043, 4045, 4053 4073, 4075 4065, 4067, 4005BA..., 4007BA...
4043, 4045, 4053, 4007B...S, 4049A...S 4073, 4075, 4005B...V200S 4043, 4045, 4053 4073, 4075 Connection Fischer SE Fischer SE Extension for Type 4065, 4067 Fischer SE Fischer SE Fischer SE Fischer SE Type 4751A... 4753A... 4757A... 4761B... 4763B... 4765A... 4767A... Illustration More information about PiezoSmart is given in system description doc. no. 100-421 Connection BNC pos. BNC pos. KIAG 10-32 pos. KIAG 10-32 neg. BNC pos.
KIAG 10-32 pos. KIAG 10-32 neg. KIAG 10-32 pos. KIAG 10-32 pos. M4 pos. Int. KIAG 10-32 pos. KIAG 10-32 pos. Int. KIAG 10-32 pos. Int. KIAG 10-32 pos. Int. M3 pos. Int. Used for sensor Type – 6053, 6055, 6125 6053, 6055, 6125 6053, 6055, 6125 – – 6125, 7061 6041A, 6043, 6045, 6061, 6067 6041A, 6043, 6045, 6061, 6067 6041A, 6043, 6045, 6052, 6061, 6067 6053, 6055 6125 7061 – 6041B, 6054, 6056, 6058 Connection BNC neg. KIAG 10-32 pos. KIAG 10-32 pos. KIAG 10-32 pos. M4 pos. M4 pos. KIAG 10-32 pos. Int. M4 pos. Int.
M4 pos. Int. M4 pos. Int. KIAG 10-32 pos. KIAG 10-32 pos. Int. KIAG 10-32 pos.
Int. M4 pos. M3 pos. Int. Type 1603B... 1631C... 1635C... 1637C5 1651C... 1655C... 1699A 1919 1921 1929A... 1957A... 1967A... 1969A... 1975A... 1989A4
Electronics & Software 46 www.kistler.com Multichannel Amplifier Systems SCP/SCP Compact/SCP Slim Single-channel Amplifier Systems Module Platform Charge amplifier Piezoresistive amplifiers pMax module Bridge amplifier Amplifier interface Voltage amplifier Needle lift amplifier Desktop version Type 2853A120 Type 5064B21 Type 5064B22 with PiezoSmart sensor identification Type 4665 with PiezoSmart sensor identification Type 5269 Type 5271 Type 5613A1Q01 Type 5227A1Q01 Type 5247 Rack version Type 2853A110 Rack version Type 2854A111 Compact Type 2854A131 Slim Type 2852A... Type 5064B11 Type 5064B12 with PiezoSmart sensor identification Type 4665Y51 with PiezoSmart sensor identification Type 5269Y51 Type 5271Y51 Charge Amplifier Laboratory charge amplifier Type 5018A...
with drift compensation, Piezotron® input and PiezoSmart Piezoresistive Amplifiers Analog amplifier Laboratory amplifier Type 4603B... Type 4618A...
www.kistler.com 47 Electronics & Software Multichannel Amplifier Systems Technical data Type 2853A... Type 2853A...Y48 Number of modules (with expansion unit) 8 (16) 8 (16) Max. number of channels (with expansion unit) 16 (32) 16 (32) Power supply VAC/VDC 100 ... 240 (±10 %) 11 ... 36 Max. power consumption W 95 80 Degree of protection acc. to EN 60529 IP40 IP40 Operating temperature range °C 0 ... 60 0 ...
50 Weight (without measuring modules) kg 5,6 5,6 Dimensions Height HE 3 3 Width TE 84 (19") 84 (19") Depth mm min. 400 min. 400 SCP/Signal Conditioning Platform Connection Analog output card Type 5225A1: D-Sub 37 pin neg.
CPU output card Type 5615 RS-232C: D-Sub 9 pin neg. Digital output: D-sub 15 pin neg. Internal CAN bus: D-Sub 9 pin pos. Technical data Type 2854A... Number of modules 4/6 Max. number of channels 8/12 Power supply VDC 10 ... 36 Max. power consumption W 70 Degree of protection acc. to EN 60529 IP40 Operating temperature range °C 0 ... 50 Weight (without measuring modules) kg 3,5 Dimensions Height HE 2 Width TE 84 (19") Depth mm min. 400 SCP Compact/Signal Conditioning Platform Connection Analog output: D-Sub 37 pin neg. CPU output RS-232C: D-Sub 9 pin neg. Digital outputs: D-Sub 15 pin neg.
Internal CAN bus: D-Sub 9 pin pos. Characteristics Modular measuring platform (SCP) for front-end signal conditioning. Available as rack/desktop versions Type 2853A110/A120 and can be expanded with additional slave units Type 2853A010/A020.
Application With the function-specific modules, measuring tasks within combustion pressure and gas exchange, as well as injection pressure and gen- eral pressure measurements are efficiently accomplished. Accessories SCP software art. no. 7.643.014 Serial interface cable Type 1200A27 Blank front plate Type 5700A09 USB/RS-232C Adapter Type 2867 Data sheet 2854A_000-409 Characteristics The Signal Conditioning Platform SCP Compact Type 2854A... is a modular system for conditioning a very wide variety of measurement signals. It is particularly suitable for engine pressure indication on test stands and in the vehicle.
Application With the function-specific modules, measuring tasks within combustion pressure and gas exchange, as well as injection pressure and gen- eral pressure measurements are efficiently accomplished. Accessories SCP software art. no. 7.643.014 Serial interface cable Type 1200A27 Blank front plate Type 5700A09 USB/RS-232C Adapter Type 2867 Data sheet 2854A_000-409
Electronics & Software 48 www.kistler.com Multichannel Amplifier Technical data Type 5064B22 Type 5064B12 Number of channels 2 2 Measuring range pC ±100 ... 100000 ±100 ... 100000 Output voltage V 0 ± 10 0 ± 10 Frequency range kHz ≈0 > 200 0 > 200 Error (0 ... 60 °C) %
www.kistler.com 49 Electronics & Software Multichannel Amplifier Systems Technical data Type 4665 Type 4665Y51 Number of channels 2 2 Gain 10 ... 270 10 ... 270 Additional gain 1 ... 10 1 ... 10 Output voltage V 0 ± 10 0 ± 10 Frequency range kHz ≈0 > 90 ≈0 > 90 Error (0 ... 60 °C) % 6 000 Frequency range with TP filter "off" kHz 0 ≈ 17 0 ≈ 17 Resolution bit 12 12 Threshold values for (th_pmax, 3 3 th_pmin, th_pstop), per channel Digital warning outputs 4 (2/channel) 4 (2/channel) Digital stop outputs 1/module 1/module Suitable for SCP/SCP Compact SCP Slim SCP/pMax Modules Type 5269Y51 Type 5269 Connection Signal input and output (pInlet, emergency stop, etc) Type D-Sub 15 pin neg.
Signal input (input cylinders A & B) Type BNC neg.
Signal output Type BNC neg. Control, excitation and signal transmission 64 pin to DIN 41612 Characteristics For continuous monitoring and measurement of cylinder peak pres- sure pmax on diesel and gasoline engines. The new two-channel pMax measuring module Type 5269 offers an ideal expansion unit for the universal Signal Conditioning Plat- form (SCP). The SCP charge ampli- fiers Type 5064B… supply the pMax module with a voltage proportional to the cylinder pressure. Application When a defined threshold is reached a warning or digital emer- gency stop signal is generated. At the same time the amplifier supplies an output voltage proportional to the maximum cylinder pressure of the last cycle.
The pMax module can be used to prevent catastrophic damage by unsafe engine condi- tions.
Accessories none Data sheet 2854A_000-409 Data sheet 2852A_000-608
Electronics & Software 50 www.kistler.com Technical data Type 5613A1Q01 Number of channels 2 Measuring range V ±10 Gain 1 Frequency range kHz 0 > 50 Error (0 ... 60 °C) % 300 Output voltage V 0 ± 10 Power supply for ext. amplifiers V 24 SCP/Amplifier Interface Connection Digital input: D-Sub 9 pin neg. Signal output: BNC neg. Control, excitation and signal transmission 64 pin to DIN 41612 Characteristics Microprocessor-controlled amplifier with digital parameter configuration and analog signal conditioning for the SCP.
This amplifier has a power supply for external amplifiers and can be controlled remotely. Application Signal conditioning for 0 … 10 V voltage signals from external amplifiers, for instance the Kistler Type 4618A... .
Accessories none Data sheet 2854A_000-409 Technical data Type 5271 Type 5271Y51 Number of channels 2 2 Input voltage range (differential) V 0 ± 10 0 ± 10 Gain 0,5 ... 5 000 0,5 ... 5 000 Low-pass filter (Butterworth) Hz 10/30/100/300 10/30/100/300 (second order, selectable) kHz 1/3/10/30/100 1/3/10/30/100 Sensor excitation (bridge voltage) Sensor excitation voltage V 1 ... 12 1 ... 12 Voltage error (>2,5 V) %
www.kistler.com 51 Electronics & Software Technical data Type 5227A1Q01 Number of channels 2 Input voltage range V 0 ± 10 Gain (adjustable) 1/2/5/10 Frequency range kHz 0 > 50 Error (0 ...
Electronics & Software 52 www.kistler.com Technical data Type 4603B... Input signals mV ±100 ... 1000 Sensor excitation mA/V 4/24 Output voltage V ±0 ... 1/2/5/10 Output current mA 0/4 ... 20 Frequency range kHz 0 > 150 Error (0 ... 50 °C) %
www.kistler.com 53 Electronics & Software Single-channel Amplifier Systems Technical data Type 4618A0 Type 4618A2 Type 4618A4 Input signals mV ±50 ... 1000 ±50 ... 1000 ±50 ... 1000 Sensor excitation mA 1,5 1,5 1,5 Output voltage V 0 ± 10 0 ± 10 – Output current mA 4 ... 20 – 4 ... 20 Frequency range kHz 0 > 40 0 > 40 0 > 40 Error (0 ...
Calibrating 54 www.kistler.com Electronics & Software Systems for Combustion Analysis for In-Vehicle Applications Technical Data Type 2893AK1 Analog Inputs for any voltage signals channels 8 Input voltage range V –10 ... 10 ADC resolution Bit 16 ADC sampling rate (per channel) MHz 1,25 (MS/s) Bandwidth kHz 100 Low-pass filter kHz 5/10/20/30 Temperature range °C –30 ... 50 Weight kg 8 (amplifiers included) Dimensions WxHxD mm 265,5x212x440 KiBox® To Go Characteristics The KiBox is a complete combustion analysis system for mobile use on the road and under extreme ambi- ent conditions.
The KiBox from Kistler enables you to visualize the quality of combus- tion in the individual cylinders.
The combustion parameters are conven- iently integrated into the application system and synchronized with other measurement data and the control- led variables of the ECU via a soft- ware interface. This interface is initially available for INCA (the widespread application software from ETAS). Special Advantages of KiBox To Go • Real time calculation of combus- tion analysis results • No optical crank angle encoder required • Measurements and evaluations can be configured extremely easily. Any error messages displayed are easily understood • The measurement data is evalu- ated in the KiBox to avoid any need for your own PC or laptop for combustion analysis.
The KiBox can be connected directly to the application PC Application You can use the additional informa- tion about controlling injection valve operation, ignition and combustion for engine maps optimization with the application system. Or you can use the KiBox as a standalone system for combustion analysis in the vehicle. Combustion diagnosis enables you to analyze and solve a problem that arises in the real vehi- cle on the road.
Accessories Charge amplifier 2 channel charge amplifier Type 5064B11 2 channel PiezoSmart® charge amplifier Type 5064B12 Crank angle adapter set Type 2619A11 AC/DC current probe Type 2103A11 PiezoSmart extension cable Type 1987BN0,5/1987BN7 Triax neg. – Triax pos. Extension cable Type 1603BN0,5/1603BN7 BNC neg. – BNC pos. Data sheet 2893A_000-724 Connections Signal inputs: 8x BNC neg. for analogue voltage input 2x BNC neg. for connection current clamp 1x Binder neg. for connecting crank angle encoder 1x Binder neg. for connecting crank angle adapter Ethernet-Interface 2x D-Sub 9 male CAN-Interface
www.kistler.com 55 Electronics & Software Technical data Type 5357B... Charge range (6 ranges) pC ±10 ... 999000 Error (15 ... 35 °C) %
Calibrating 56 www.kistler.com Crank Angle Encoder Temperature Conditioning Unit Technical data Type 2621E... Coolant reservoir l ≈6 Flow rate/sensor l/min 0,25 ... 0,5 Water pressure bar 1,7 ±0,2 Thermostat regulation range °C 50 ±3 Heating capacity W 800 Cooling capacity (at temp. of 35 °C) W >2 200 Sensor connections 10 Voltage VAC 230/115 Power consumption VA
www.kistler.com 57 Calibrating TDC Sensor System Measuring Torque Flange Technical data Type 2629B...
TDC sensor Principle capacitance Adapter M10x1, M14x1,25 Longitudinal adjustment mm ≈80 Connection power connector, 4 pin socket for TDC amplifier and BNC socket for TDC signal output Dimensions (LxWxH) mm 125x80x57 Weight kg 0,5 Amplifier Principle capacitance to voltage converter Sensitivity V/pF 4 Output 0 ... 10, short circuit proof, switchable to charge output Max. length of cable for m 10 TDC power supply TDC Sensor with Integral Amplifier and Power Supply H T L Accessories Characteristics The TDC system consists of the TDC sensor with integral amplifier and power supply. It is used for dynamic determination of top dead center (TDC) on piston engines.
This system consists of: • TDC sensor • TDC amplifier • Power supply • Power cable Application The TDC sensor Type 2629B... is used for dynamic determination of TDC of the engine cranked in the unfired mode. It is mounted in the nozzle holder or spark plug bore of the engine.
Accurate determination of TDC is an important basis for precise pres- sure indication on internal combus- tion engines. Accessories Adapters Type 6592A1 M10x1, Type 6592A2 M14x1,25, Type 6592A3 M14x1,25 tapered Data sheet 2629B_000-541 Technical data Type 4504B... Rated torque Mnom N·m 50/100/200/500/1 000/2 000/3 000/5 000 Overload Limiting torque
Calibrating 58 www.kistler.com Calibration of Piezoelectric Sensors (Continuous) up to 250 bar System Configuration Sensor to be tested Adapter Pressure generator Reference sensors Calibrator and connecting nipple 601A 6001 6005 6013C...
6031 6041A... 6043A... 6045A... 6052C... 6053CC... 6054A... 6055C... 6056A... 6058A... 6061B... 6067C... 6115BC... 6115BF... 6117BC... 6117BF... 6118BC... 6118BF... 6125C1 6125C2 701A 7005 7013C... 7031 7061B... 6501 6501 6501 6583 6501 6589 6589 6589 6585A 6585A 6585A 6591 6591 6591 6583 6586 6578 6593 6588A 6587A 6588A 6587A 6583 6584 7501 7501 6594 or without adapter 7501 6594 or without adapter Software Type 4795B... Type Type Calibration PC Pressure generator Calibration manifold/ thermo controller Signal conditioning system PiezoSmart® or Calibration System with Calibrate™ Software
www.kistler.com 59 Calibrating Charge Calibrators Technical data Type 5395A... Voltage (2 ranges) V ±1, ±10 Error (voltage) %rdg + %FSO V3.3) or Type 5859 with Type 5395A... Data sheet 5395A_000-337 Calibration System Technical data Type 6935A... Type 6935A0 Number of sensors 6 6 Pressure range bar 0 ... 250 0 ... 250 Calibration method continuous continuous Temperature range °C 20 ... 250 room temperature Power supply VAC 230/115 – Weight kg 12 8 Dimensions WxHxD mm 280x350x330 280x350x180 6 Channel Calibration Manifold Connection Sensor connection: M14x1,25 Characteristics Several calibration ports allows the simultaneous calibration of up to six pressure sensors.
The calibration block can be heated with high- output electrical elements and in combination with a minimal dead volume, accurate temperature regu- lation allows quick and effective cal- ibration of several high-temperature sensors.
Application The manifold is particularly suit- able for R&D laboratory calibration requirements in engine develop- ment. It allows the user to calibrate pressure sensors at typical operating temperatures. Accessories Calibration fluid Type 1055 Blanking plug Type Z18553-20 Cu-Be seal Type Z18553-30 Torque wrench Type 1300A11 Data sheet 6935A_000-517
Calibrating 60 www.kistler.com Technical data Type 6904A1 Pressure generation bar continuous Pressure range (continuous) bar 0 ... 300 Mounting thread mm 3xM14x1,25 Weight kg 11 Dimensions WxHxD mm 280x200x500 Pressure Generator for Continuous and Dynamic Pressure Measurement Connection Mounting thread: M14x1,25 Characteristics Continuous pressure generation up to 300 bar.
Application Continuous pressure generation for periodic calibration of quartz and silicon pressure sensors for quality assurance purposes. Comparison measurements for checking the dy- namic characteristics of quartz and silicon pressure sensors. Accessories Reference sensor Type 6961A250, Calibrator Type 6907B... Precision charge calibrator Type 5395A...
Data sheet 6904_000-359 Technical data Type 6906 Pressure generation bar continuous Pressure range bar 0 ... 10 000 Mounting thread mm 2xM10 conus Weight kg 15 Dimensions WxHxD mm 280x250x500 Pressure Generator for High Hydraulic Pressure
www.kistler.com 61 Technical Literature Special Prints and Application Brochures Optimization of gas exchange by a suitable combination of pressure indicating, analysis and simulation 920-246 Pressure indicating with measuring spark plugs on a DI-gasoline engine 920-333 Pressure indication during knocking conditions 920-349 Optical indication on combustion engines with smallest sensors 920-350 An improved model for deter- mination of acoustic resonan- ces in indicator passages 920-352 New Opportunities for Gas Exchange Analysis Using Piezoresistive High-Temperature Absolute Pressure Sensors 920-366 Application to Sensor PiezoSmart® Motorenmesstechnik (Buch; Vogel Buchverlag, ISBN 3-8023-1553-7)
900-334 Measuring with crystals (book; Verlag Moderne Industrie, ISBN 3-478-93269-6) 900-335 PiezoStar® -Crystals – A new dimension in sensor technology 920-240 General PiezoSmart® – Active system for automatic indentification of Pressure Sensors 100-421 Pressure Indication Optical Indication of Internal Combustion Engines with Extremely Small Sensors C.
Cavalloni, D. Karst, P. Wolfer, Kistler Instrumente AG K. Boulouchos, S. Kunte, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich W. Hentschel, F. Kallmeyer, Research and Development Department of Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg Special Print 920-350e-11.06 PiezoSmart® Active System for Automatic Identification of Pressure Sensors System Description 100-421e-10.06 Indicating Power To Go!
KiBox® To Go for In-Vehicle Combustion Analysis
62 www.kistler.com Glossary Ground insulation High electrical resistance of a sensor be- tween signal line and ground, or of a charge amplifier between connector screen and ground. Note: mass isolation and ground isolation are synonyms. Hysteresis The maximum difference in output, at any measurand value within the specified range, when the value is approached first increasing and then decreasing measurand (source: ANSI/ISA-S37.1). Note: The quartz crystal itself has a scarce- ly measurable hysteresis. However, the mechanical construction of the sensor can result in slight hysteresis.
If the hysteresis is above the specified values (in %FSO), then the sensor is faulty or has not been correctly installed.
IMEP The Indicated Mean Effective Pressure, usually noted in bar, corresponds to the work of one combustion cycle. Insulation resistance Electric resistance of a sensor, cable or the input of a charge amplifier measured between the signal line and the connec- tion ground (sensor body), while the test voltage is stated accordingly. The insulation resistance applies for piezoelectric sensor, strain gauge sensors and semiconductor sensors. Linearity Linearity is defined as the closeness of the calibration curve to a specified line (source: ANSI/ISA-S37.1).
Linearity represents the maximum devia- tion between ideal and actual output signal characteristics in relation to the measurand in a specific measuring range.
It is expressed in percentage of the range of measurement signal (full scale output). Note: Quartz crystals produce an electric charge, which is exactly proportional to the load. However, certain unavoidable deviations occur due to the mechanical construction of the sensor. Charge amplifier A component of a measuring chain, converting the charge signal from the piezoelectric sensor into a proportional voltage signal.
Charge Output Indicating quantity (in Picocoulomb (pC)) of a piezoelectric sensor, which is not equipped with an integrated charge or voltage amplifier. Coulomb Abbreviation is "C". Unit of electric charge. 1 coulomb corresponds to 1 ampere-second (1 C = 1 As). Drift Unwanted changes in the output signal independent of the measurand as a func- tion of time. Electrical isolation resistance Electrical Resistance of a sensor or cable between the signal lead and the ground lead. Full Scale Output (FSO) Range of measurement signal of a sensor, corresponding to the full scale of the measurand. It is the algebraic difference of the upper and lower limit of the measure- ment signal range.
Front sealing The sealing part of the sensor is located at the sensor front close to the membrane. This sealing design ensures a good heat transfer from the sensor to its mounting area, which results in a high measuring accuracy and a long lifetime of the sensor. Glow plug adapter A glow plug adapter corresponds to the design of a standard glow plug, however, it is not equipped with an electrical connector and a plug for the local heat- ing inside the combustion chamber. A miniaturized piezoelectric pressure sensor is installed in the center of an adapter. The glow plug adapter is mounted in the mounting hole of a glow plug on the cylin- der head (diesel engine).
It enables meas- urements of cylinder pressures inside the combustion chamber.
Measuring chain Interconnection of several individual com- ponents to meet measuring requirements. Measuring chains usually consist of sensors and amplifiers in conjunction with data acquisition, display, evaluation and record- ing equipment (e.g. PC, printer). Measuring glow plug A measuring glow plug forms a special design of a glow plug used for combustion engines (Diesel engine). It is equipped with a piezoelectric pressure sensor. The combi- nation of a glow plug and a piezoelectric sensor allows for the direct mounting in the default mounting hole on the cylinder head of a combustion engine.
In particu- lar, the measuring glow plug is supposed for investigations on cold starting tests of diesel engines.
Measuring range Range of measurand in which the qual- ity of the measurement within the stated tolerances is guaranteed. This range must be regarded as a binding maximum range. Measuring spark plug A measuring spark plug corresponds to the design of a spark plug for combus- tion engines (gasoline engine), however, it is equipped with a piezoelectric pressure sensor. It exhibits the basic function of cyclic spark generation in the combustion chamber and features the dimensions of a standard spark plug. It is mounted on the default mounting hole of the spark plug on the cylinder head of a combustion engine and is supposed for pressure measurements in the combustion chamber.
Natural frequency Frequency of free (not forced) oscillations of the entire sensor. In practice the (usually lower) natural frequency of the entire mounting structure governs the frequency behaviour.
www.kistler.com 63 Operating temperature range Range of ambient temperatures in which the sensor is to be operated. The temper- ature-dependent tolerances stated apply only within this range. Overload Maximum value of the measurand with which a sensor can be loaded without sustaining damage. This refers to a safety margin and is not an extended measur- ing range.
The characteristics specified in the calibration certificate are no longer guaranteed in the event of an overload. Nevertheless, measurements made during an overload in most cases provide useful results.
pC (pico Coulomb) 1 pico Coulomb = 10–12 Coulomb. See "Coulomb" Piezoelectric sensor Sensor equipped with a piezoelectric measuring element which provides an electrical charge while mechanical load acts on it. Piezoresistive sensor Sensor equipped with doped silicon resis- tors as measuring element which indicates a change in resistance corresponding to the mechanical load acting on it. PiezoSmart® An active sensor identification system which is based on the IEEE 1451.4 stand- ard and is used for automatically setting measuring chain parameters. The main element of PiezoSmart is an electronic data sheet called TEDS (Transducer Elec- tronic Data Sheet) which contains all the data essential for the configuration of the measuring chain.
PiezoStar® Crystals developed and grown by Kistler for use in sensors for demanding applica- tions. www.kistler.com Thermal shock A short-term measuring error that arises periodically within each combustion cycle. It is caused by thermal stresses in the sensor diaphragm, induced by the heat flux of the hot combustion gases which can reach temperatures of over 2 000 °C for a few milliseconds. Tribo electricity Static electricity generated when electrical charges are released within an electrical cable usually when being moved or bent. Sensitivity Nominal value or calibrated value stated in the calibration certificate of the change in the response of a sensor divided by the corresponding change in the value of the measurand.
Note: sensitivity of piezoresistive and strain gauge sensors is additionally dependent on the excitation current or voltage. Shoulder sealing The pressure sealing surface between the sensor and the test structure is located behind the primary sensing diaphragm towards the cable or connector end of the device. This allows for flush mounting of the sensor with the cylinder wall and therefore reduces the possibility of pipe oscillations. Synthetic crystals A term used to describe crystal which has been produced by a technological proc- ess, as opposed to natural crystal which is produced by a geological process.
During this technological process certain charac- teristics may be determined by alterations in the crystal compounds or the process itself. At Kistler, synthetic crystals are called PiezoStar.
Cooling adapters exhaust (from page 38 onwards) Type 7533A – switching adapter Type 4045A... to 4075A – sensors Type 7533 A . . . Cylinder pressure cooled (from page 30 onwards) Type 6041B... Type 6043A... Type 6061B... Type 6067C... Type 7061B... Type 6041 B . . . Cylinder pressure uncooled (from page 24 onwards) Type 6052C... Type 6053CC... Type 6054AR... Type 6055C... Type 6056A... Type 6058A... Type 6045A... Type 6081A... Type 6125C... Fuel pressure (from page 40 onwards) Type 4065A... Type 4067A... Type 6229A... Type 4065 A . . . Measuring spark plugs (page 34) Type 6113B... Type 6115B...
Type 6117B... Type 6118B... Type 6113 B . . . Inlet (from page 36 onwards) Type 4005BA...
Type 4007BA... Glow plug adapter (page 27) Type 6542Q... Type 6544Q... Type 6542 Q . . . Accessories (from page 56 onwards) Type 2614B – crank angle encoder Type 2621E – cooling unit Type 2629B – TDC sensor system Type 4504A torque measuring flange Type 2621 E . . . Type 4 5 B . . . Type 6125 C . . . 64 www.kistler.com Cooling adapters exhaust (page 38) Type 4049A... Type 4049 A . . .
Product Overview by Type Numbers Type Page Type Page 1300A9 33 1300A17 33 1300A51 33 1300A79 33 1319 33 1357A 33 1603B... 45 1631C... 45 1635C... 45 1637C5 45 1651C...
48 5227... 51 5247 51 5269 49 5271 50 5357B... 55 5395A... 59 5493 55 5613... 50 5700 47 6041B... 30 6043A... 30 6045A... 28 6052C... 24 6053CC... 24 6054AR... 24 6055C... 24 6056A... 26 6058A... 26 PiezoSmart® , PiezoStar® , Piezotron® , Polystable® and ThermoComp® are registered trademarks of Kistler Holding AG. Microsoft® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Teflon® and Kapton® are registered trademarks of DuPont. Viton® is a registered trademark of DuPont Performance Elastomers. 6061B... 30 6067C... 32 6081A... 28 6113B... 34 6115B... 34 6117B... 34 6118B... 34 6125C... 28 6229A...
40 6442 21 6444 21 6445 21 6447 23 6449 23 6469 21 6472A... 20 6473A... 20 6474A... 20 6475 21 6477 21 6503 23 6525A... 21 6533A... 41 6542Q... 21 6544Q... 21 6596 22 6598 22 6904A1 60 6906 60 6919 23 6925 23 6935A... 59 7061B... 32 7441 21 7501 22 7503 22 7505 23 7507 23 7511 23 7525 22 7533A... 39 Type Page www.kistler.com 65
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