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Used and nonauthentic counterfeit electronic components are widespread throughout the defense supply chain. According to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, over the past two years alone, more than 1 million suspect parts have been associated with known supply-chain compromises.
The problem is pervasive, with both expensive and inexpensive electronic parts being targeted. Counterfeit or otherwise suspect electronic components present a critical risk for the Department of Defense, where a malfunction of a single part could lead to system failures that can put missions at risk.
A new DARPA program seeks to develop a tool to verify the trustworthiness of a protected electronic component without disrupting or harming the system.
The DARPA Supply Chain Hardware Integrity for Electronics Defense (SHIELD) program seeks proposals to develop a small (100 micron x 100 micron) component, or dielet, that authenticates the provenance of electronics components. Proposed dielets should contain a full encryption engine, sensors to detect tampering and would readily affix to microchips and other components.
"SHIELD demands a tool that costs less than a penny per unit, yet makes counterfeiting too expensive and technically difficult to do," said Kerry Bernstein, DARPA program manager. "The dielet will be designed to be robust in operation, yet fragile in the face of tampering. What SHIELD is seeking is a very advanced piece of hardware that will offer an on-demand authentication method never before available to the supply chain."
The dielet will be inserted into the component at the manufacturing site or affixed to existing trusted components, without any alteration of the host component's design or reliability. There is no electrical connection between the dielet and the host component. Authenticity testing could be done anywhere with a handheld probe or with an automated one for larger volumes.
Probes need to be close to the dielet for scanning. After a scan, an inexpensive appliance (perhaps a smartphone) uploads a serial number to a central, industry-owned server. The server sends an unencrypted challenge to the dielet, which sends back an encrypted answer and data from passive sensors—like light exposure—that could indicate tampering.
"The Department of Defense puts severe demands on electronics, which is why a trusted supply chain is so important" said Bernstein. "SHIELD is a technology demonstration leveraging the asymmetry of scaling for security. While the program is being funded by DARPA, industry will adapt future implementations to make the technology scalable to the industry and the defense supply chain."
SHIELD is seeking proposals that would revolutionize electronic authentication with scalability and advanced technology not available today. DARPA will host a Proposers' Day Workshop in support of the SHIELD program on March 14, 2014.
Posted by GCN Staff on Feb 28, 2014 at 11:41 AM
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Luke DeCock
DeCock: Tar Heels can weather Bullock's departure, but stakes raised on recruit Wiggins
It makes perfect sense for Reggie Bullock to enter the NBA draft, as he and North Carolina confirmed Tuesday he will do. It's a weak draft year for small forwards, Bullock aptly demonstrated his ability to play the position this season, and with family to support in Kinston, it's as good a time as any for Bullock to cash in on his talent. If he lands in the right spot, he'll do well.
For the Tar Heels, Bullock's departure isn't the worst news, not after P.J. Hairston decided to return. As much as Bullock will be missed, for his experience, rebounding and defense as much as his shooting, losing both would have dealt a prospectively fatal blow to North Carolina's perimeter scoring ability. With Hairston back, along with Leslie McDonald and J.P. Tokoto, there are enough pieces in place.
Bullock isn't a lock for the first round, but he'll have a shot if he does well in workouts. And even if he slips to the second round, he can look to Danny Green, who has found a home in San Antonio's starting lineup the past two seasons.
"He's got the skills to translate to a complementary guy in the NBA," said draft analyst Joe Kotoch of probasketballdraft.com. "Coming out this year or next year shouldn't make too big of a difference for him. If anything, coming out this year gives him a stronger chance of sliding into the first round."
Bullock's departure does place higher stakes on the impending decision by consensus No. 1 recruit Andrew Wiggins, the one-and-done Canadian small forward who is considering North Carolina, Kentucky, Kansas and Florida State and has drawn comparisons to LeBron James.
ESPN recruiting analyst Dave Telep said Wiggins is so talented that it won't matter to his decision calculus whether Bullock is there – "If this kid's worrying about anyone ahead of him, he's not the kid we think he is," Telep said. But it certainly matters to the Tar Heels.
Wiggins has proceeded carefully throughout the process, and even as the last of his peers have chosen their colleges, there's no indication when he might make his decision. His options are interesting, to say the least.
At Kentucky, where John Calipari is putting together an unprecedented super-team of one-and-done players, he'd complete the sweep. Calipari has landed Telep's No. 1 player at the other four positions as well as two other top-100 players. With a few key holdovers from this year's team as well, the Wildcats will be loaded next year with or without Wiggins, essentially a traveling all-star team.
Wiggins' ties to Florida State are strong. His father played basketball there and his mother, an Olympic medalist, ran track for the Seminoles. Leonard Hamilton has shown an ability to get elite players when he targets them, Michael Snaer being the best example.
And then there's North Carolina, where Wiggins would walk into a lineup that is set at point guard with Marcus Paige, has an elite perimeter shooter in Hairston, and will have a multitude of options at forward with James Michael McAdoo coming back and incoming freshmen Isaiah Hicks and Kennedy Meeks joining returnees Brice Johnson, Joel James, Desmond Hubert and Jackson Simmons.
Without Wiggins, North Carolina is in position to challenge Duke for ACC supremacy. With him, the Tar Heels become a top national title contender. He's that good.
So while losing Bullock will hurt the Tar Heels for so many reasons on and off the court, the pain of his departure would be quickly soothed with the right new arrival.

subset: commoncrawl


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Just when you thought the 2014 Formula-1 season couldn't get more exciting, Lotus F1 introduced its latest car with a completely different double-nose design.
Compared to the penis nose we've seen on the Williams FW36, it looks like Lotus's two protruding pillars are there to guide more air under the car creating more downforce, or perhaps to fork in the competition.
We'll see if it works in Australia, in the meantime, just imagine a front-end collision with the Williams.
Baby go karts, anyone?


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You should use eBay to advertise your businesses off eBay by mentioning your other businesses to your buyers every time you make a sale. Naturally this technique will include the costs of listing products for sale on eBay, but the amount of traffic to your niche market product targeted email subscriber lists and websites that you get from doing so can be immense. This is why it is important to set a budget for this form of eBay advertising.
Your goal using this method is to get buyers on eBay over to your own website where you can make other sales to them for many years, free from eBay's rules, regulations and above all else – fees! If you can get them opted into your niche market product targeted email subscriber lists then you can promote products to them they are extremely likely to want to purchase.
This is much more freedom and greater profits selling them products from your own website, but you must consider the costs involved of selling them that first product on eBay – and that first eBay product sale is the only way you can take advantage of eBay's massive traffic.
Set a budget for your listing fees and product fees and stick to this budget. You may have to carefully tweak your sales price to maximise the number of eBay sales you make in order to get the most contact details and begin marketing your higher value products.
If you start to overspend on your budget you have to adjust the number of listings you make or the selling prices you charge without affecting the number of sales you make, as this only lowers the number of potential future marketing prospects you will have.
Do all this with experimentation to find what works for your particular niche market products. Your goal is an acceptable budget and maximum number of sign ups to your niche market product targeted email subscriber lists (where you will promote your more valuable products and make back your costs)
Don't allow a selling price that is too low to be perceived as low value, and also don't allow your selling price to be too high or no one will buy from you AND YOU WILL HAVE PAID LISTING FEES FOR NOTHING.
If you can get a product which is in short supply you can comfortably charge more for it, whereas a product that is available anywhere will sadly have to be sold for less money – that's life!
In the case of selling eBooks to get traffic to your website you have much greater control of costs. All you need to do is burn a copy of it onto disc and post it off to the buyer – all very cheap as the eBook can be copied as many times as you like, and blank discs are inexpensive.
Look how popular 1 cent eBooks used to be on eBay. They are perhaps not the best quality product, but everyone was selling them because they were a great way of getting a customers contact details purely for future marketing purposes.
The price you charge should reflect the value of the product – the only exception to this is when you are promoting a sale where everything is on discount for a limited time, then you are doing this simply to create a feeling of urgency within your buyers.
If you sell a product that you promote as part of a series (like eBook part 1 of 8) you are likely to get buyers who will want to purchase the other 7 parts of the series as well, so this is an excellent trick for getting them to your website where they will purchase the other 7 parts and whilst there sign up for your niche market product targeted email subscriber lists.
All this selling on eBay also provides you with the advantage of creating a higher feedback rating – which in itself is useful for creating future sales as people will become more and more comfortable buying from you.


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MetaSystems proudly announces the opening of our first subsidiary in the Southern hemisphere. The new office is located in Buenos Aires, Argentina and bears the name MetaSystems Latinoamérica SAS (MetaSystems LatAm). The foundation has been the response to the growing demand on technical knowledge and 'know how' experienced in the last years all over the Latin American territories. MetaSystems LatAm takes care for the organization of sales, support, and customer relation activities in all countries in Latin America. It will manage distributor companies and contacts in the region, and it will facilitate communication between end-users, distributors and headquarters in Germany.
XCyte 11
Human mBAND Probe
- Order Number
- Package Size
- (12 Tests)
- Labels
- multicolor
- Chromosome
- 1111
The mBAND technique is based on a series of partial chromosome paints for sequential partially overlapping chromosome regions of a single chromosome. For labeling the same 5 fluorochromes as in the 24XCyte probe are used. The characteristic multicolor banding pattern of mBAND is generated by quantifying the fluorescence intensity ratios along the chromosome. These ratios are unique and visualized as band-specific pseudo colors. mBAND provides information that allows for a precise analysis of even highly complex inter- and intrachromosomal aberrations.
The mBAND technique is protected by international patents (e.g. US 7,050,911, EP 0 957 176, EP 1 672 083).
- Chudoba I et al (1999) Cytogenet Cell Genet, 84:156-160
- Johannes C et al (1999) Chromosome Res. 7:625-633
- MacKinnon RN and Campbell LJ (2005) Cancer Genet Cytogenet 163:176-179


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Organizing the Knights Templar
Every organization has to have its hierarchy, but the Templars' was unique. The following list reveals some of their principal officers — these guys come into play in any discussion of the Templars in war or peace.
These offices were called bailies, meaning something entrusted to someone. It's the root word for the more familiar term of bailiff.
- Grand Master: This office was for life, and the Grand Master was in charge of the entire Order, worldwide. Throughout history, a couple of men retired from the position of Grand Master, with the pope's permission, but for the most part, dying was the only way out of the job.
- Master and Commander: The Master and Commander was the local commander in charge of the commandery — a small templar "city" and stronghold. He had complete command in the field.
- Seneschal: The Seneschal was the right-hand man for the Master and was sometimes called a Grand Commander. In peace, the Seneschal administered all the lands belonging to the chapter house. In war, he handled the movement of the men, the pack trains, the food procurement, and other issues of moving an army.
- Turcopolier: This officer was the third in line militarily. He was in command of the light cavalry and the Sergeant brothers (see below).
- Marshal: The Marshal was in charge of all arms, as well as all horses. He was very much a military man, and a Master would usually consult with him, as well as the Seneschal and the Turcopolier, before making any final decisions on tactics.
- Under-Marshal: The first officer under the Marshal, the Under-Marshal was in charge of the lesser equipment, bridles, padding for saddles, barrels of water, and other supply problems. He held a very important position in battle because he held the piebald banner, a flag at the head of all, to keep stragglers together.
- Standard Bearer: Also called the Confanonier, the Standard Bearer was in charge of the Squires (see below). He was their paymaster, their disciplinarian, and the man who checked over their very important work of keeping the knights' horses and weapons in good order. He didn't actually "bear the standard" in battle — he marched in front of the banner and led his marching column.
- Knight: The knight was the backbone of the battlefield. Knights were the equivalent of the cavalry. A small force of knights was very powerful, skilled in warfare, clad in armor, able to take on a large number of foot soldiers. Only a man whose father and grandfather both had been knights could become one, and if he were caught lying about his lineage, the penalty was severe.
- The knights dressed in the famous white habit adorned with a red cross. There was no mistaking a Templar knight on the battlefield. Hair was cut short, but knights were forbidden to shave their beards, probably in keeping with the Muslim belief that a beard was a sign of greater masculinity. No sense giving your enemies a reason not to respect you.
- Sergeant: Usually from a lower social class than the more noble knights, the Sergeant was still a light cavalry officer, the chief support officer for the knight. Sergeants dressed in a black tunic and a black or brown mantle, often with a red cross.
- Treasurer: The Treasurer's duties are clear — this was the guy who kept the books.
- Draper: The Draper was in charge of all the clothing and bed linen of everyone in the Order. He also had the power to oversee everyone of every rank, and to chastise them if their clothing was not proper for their position, or if anything decorated it, such as a collar of fur on a knight's white robe or mantle.
- Squires: Squires were the young men who, just like in the movies, were there to assist the knight in any way possible, from polishing his weapons to feeding his horses. The difference for a Templar Squire is that this was often a hired position, especially in the first hundred years of the Order. It was only later that many Squires were there specifically to test themselves and their mettle and to climb to the order of Knight.
- Lay Servants: Lay Servants could run the gamut, from masons brought in to do building or repair work to personal servants to an officer. The hierarchical statutes of the Templar Rule laid out precisely how many of such servants each officer was allowed to have. For a Templar to have too many would be a sin of pride.
- Chaplain brothers: One of the most important positions within a Templar commandery was that of the Chaplain brother. The job came with many delicate layers of meaning. He was sort of the internal priest for the Order. He had the power to hear confessions and to give absolution for sins. In fact, Templars were forbidden to say their confession to anyone else without a papal dispensation, which simply means special permission from the pope. This is a very important point, because in effect, what the pope did was to make the Templars spiritually, as well as politically, independent from the rest of the Church. They were not answerable to local clerics or bishops, but only to the pope.
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VANCOUVER — In the presence of family, friends, and brother priests, Franciscan Father Jean-Pierre Ducharme received his priestly ordination from Archbishop Michael Miller at Holy Rosary Cathedral May 14.
"Our hearts are full of gratitude and praise to God that he has chosen this man to be a priest of Jesus Christ," Miller said in his homily.
"The Church is counting on you to preach the Word with humility, with that keen awareness that everything good we do is a gift of God, given for his kingdom of God."
Ducharme, a member of the Order of Franciscans Minor, now a priest as well as a religious brother, cautions against getting too hung up over whether to call him Father or Friar.
"Honestly, I'm not big on titles," he said the day after his ordination. "I understand if people of God want to call me Father, but I really feel a strong sense that I am a Franciscan brother above anything else.
"We are friars first, and those of us who are ordained are ordained ministers second."
The pews were packed with friends and members of Ducharme's family, which includes 10 siblings and 35 nieces and nephews.
At the end of the Mass, the newly-ordained Father Ducharme took a moment to thank those who had inspired his vocation. He thanked his parents for being "remarkable models of Christ" and the Franciscans for reminding "me of how minor I am in the grand scheme of things."
The Franciscans Minor are also known as the Lesser Brothers, he said, adding he felt the need to also thank his siblings for preparing him for his vocation.
"Being the ninth of 11 kids, I learned how to be a lesser brother, and if you knew my brothers and sisters, you would understand it."
The day after his ordination, Ducharme celebrated his first Mass at St. Joseph's Church in Mission. He has a special connection to the parish, because when he was growing up his family used to spend summers in Mission and would attend Mass at St. Joseph's.
After a vacation, Ducharme will return to the Mount St. Francis Retreat Centre run by the Franciscans in Cochrane, where he is the vicar, as well as director of formation and vocations.
He will also fill in at parishes.
"I could be travelling Western Canada for holidaying pastors, and getting to know people of God throughout Western Canada," he said. "It will certainly help me in my vocation ministry."


text: Advertisement Advertisement Opinion Prickly City-trip Feb 02, 2015 | 8:11 AM Next Gallery PHOTOS A rare find: 50 of the best steakhouses in America PHOTOS 20 things you're doing at the airport that you might not know are rude Advertisement Opinion Gift guide Holiday gift guide 2019: Ideas for everyone on your list 'Tis the season for shopping. We've rounded up ideas for everyone on your list: Grandma and Grandpa, tiny babies, picky teenagers, broke millennials, food lovers, beer lovers and even self-lovers. Don't go for those Black Friday or Amazon picks just yet — let our 2019 Gift Guide do the work for you. Our editorial staff compiled this report independently. Tribune Publishing may earn a commission if you purchase a product through one of the affiliate links. Photos: 'Home Alone' house sells for $1.585 million Two bodies pulled from car submerged in DuSable Harbor Ten most stolen vehicles in 2018, Illinois Chicago police officer shot in head, teen shot and man killed in Old Irving Park neighborhood The most expensive travel destinations in America NFL fantasy football: 10 players to pick up on the waiver wire in Week 12 McDonald's food you can't get here Advertisement


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A nonstress test is used in pregnant women to evaluate the heart rate of an
developing baby (fetus). Normally, a developing baby's heart rate ranges from 100 to 160 beats per
minute, and it usually speeds up after the baby moves. If the heart rate is
faster or slower than this range or does not speed up after the baby moves, it
may mean that the baby is not doing well.
During the test:
A nonstress test usually takes about 30 minutes. It can be done in a
hospital or the doctor's office.
Last Revised:
November 3, 2011
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine & Alan C. Dalkin, MD - Endocrinology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


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There is wide scientific consensus that deforestation can cause indirect impacts to local and regional weather systems, such as rainfall patterns and surface temperatures. There is also strong modelling evidence for remote global impacts via teleconnections caused by deforestation in the three main tropical forested areas (Amazon, equatorial West Africa and Southeast Asia). These impacts vary in extent and magnitude, but there is agreement on deforestation being the underlying cause.
Ending deforestation would stop the direct loss of forest habitat but it would also minimise the indirect effects of deforestation and the possibility of changes to weather and climate systems, locally, regionally and globally. There would also be benefits to public health, reductions in flood risks, and decreases on the negative impacts on crop output in certain areas. Our knowledge of the services provided to humans by forest ecosystems (underpinned by biodiversity) is incomplete, and hence the full consequences of their loss cannot be estimated with any certainty. Therefore, employing the precautionary principle and conserving existing forest ecosystems under a "Zero Deforestation" footprint is the only way to ensure that forests continue to regulate our weather and climate, minimise the indirect effects of deforestation and conserve biodiversity.
An Impending Storm


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Larry Evans' Vienna 1922: A Quick Review
Larry Evans, Vienna 1922 (Russell Enterprises 2011). 144 pp. $19.95. Reviewed by Dennis Monokroussos.
Russell Enterprises (RE) regularly republishes tournament books from classic events, two especially notable examples being New York 1924 and Nottingham 1936, both by Alexander Alekhine. Those books are justly famous and unquestionably deserved to republished, but there are other, less well-known events that have been commemorated by tournament books, and RE has brought these back into print as well.
The latest such event is Vienna 1922, a 15-player event with such famous players as Alexander Alekhine, Akiba Rubinstein, Siegbert Tarrasch, Efim Bogoljubow, Richard Reti, Savielly Tartakower, Rudolf Spielmann, Geza Maroczy, Ernst Grünfeld and Fritz Sämisch. (Another interesting participant was Vladimir Vukovic of The Art of Attack fame.) Tarrasch was a little past his peak, and perhaps Rubinstein was too, while the other players listed were already very strong but still developing.
It was a hard-fought event, with only 32 draws in 103 games (Spielmann missed his last two games due to illness), and this is not just due to the top players beating up the amateurs - for one thing, there weren't many outsiders to beat up on! The tournament was a great success for Rubinstein, who scored 11.5/14 and finished a point and a half ahead of Tartakower, two points ahead of Heinrich Wolf (an Austrian master who had the tournament of his life) and two and a half points ahead of Tarrasch, Maroczy and Alekhine. Alekhine, who was probably the pre-tournament favorite along with Rubinstein, played some very nice games, but an early loss to Grünfeld (in a Grünfeld!) and late losses to Rubinstein and Wolf left him a disappointing result.
Now about the tournament book, which has the curious distinction of being both the first book and the last book Larry Evans wrote, and without being his only book. He wrote the original version in 1948, as a 16-year-old national master, and upon prompting from the publisher last year made some revisions. The opening references were not updated, but he added some annotations while fixed some analytical mistakes with the computer's help. Regarding the work's appearance, he changed the notation to algebraic and added some diagrams. There's a new preface, and John Donaldson wrote a foreword. There are also pictures of each of the participants, along with photos of the young and the old Evans. As the revision was completed in October of last year, shortly before his death from complications following gallbladder surgery in November, this was thus his last book as well.
As noted, the tournament was of a very high caliber, but does that mean you should buy the book? The notes are light by contemporary grandmaster standards, but they're "friendly" for an amateur looking to replay some old classics. It's not a must-have by any means, but I can recommend it to history buffs. It would also make a nice gift for a youngster, to introduce him to some of the game's old-time greats. (I'd probably select New York 1924 or Nottingham 1936 first, but Vienna 1922 has a place in the gallery of great early 20th century tournaments.)


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Summit County Commissioners vote 'in' on Amendment 64
summit daily news
BRECKENRIDGE – Summit County Commissioners decided unanimously Tuesday not to "opt out" of Amendment 64's legalization of recreational marijuana use and sales, citing the overwhelming support for the measure among local voters in November.
"We're in," Commissioner Thomas Davidson said at a county meeting.
The voter-approved measure allows adults over the age of 21 to possess and consume less than 1 ounce of marijuana, but leaves local governments the option to override the measure and keep the use and sale of marijuana illegal within their jurisdictions.
In Summit County, the measure won with a landslide 77 percent of the vote.
"Clearly we won't want to opt out because our voters have spoken loud and clear," Commissioner Karn Stiegelmeier said.
Allowing marijuana use and sales meant the county had the option to levy a local excise tax on sales of the drug, or to join in on a share of a statewide tax. The commissioners seemed to lean towards participating in the statewide tax, but said it likely wouldn't matter, as there has never been a medical marijuana retail center or even an application for one in unincorporated Summit County.
"We have how many medical marijuana dispensaries in unincorporated Summit County? We have how many people that have ever applied for a license?" Davidson said. "I think that question is sort of moot for us."
There are very few locations outside the local towns where zoning would permit a marijuana retailer to open shop and even fewer where that business would do well.
The town governments in Summit County have punted on the Amendment 64 question.
Frisco, Dillon and Silverthorne all approved temporary moratoriums on recreational marijuana businesses and retailers through the fall, when state lawmakers are supposed to put forward a regulatory framework for commercial sales.
"Until the state decides on what is going to be legal and what is not, I think we'd rather err on being cautious," Frisco town manager Bill Efting said. "The idea is, protect the town and protect the people until we know what the state is going to come out with. It's just playing defense."
Breckenridge has taken a similar wait-and-see attitude toward regulating recreational marijuana, but hasn't yet discussed the matter publicly or implemented any kind of moratorium on the businesses.
Voters decriminalized marijuana in Breckenridge several years ago.
There are a handful of medical marijuana businesses currently operating in Breckenridge. Some of the owners say they're playing a wait-and-see game as well to understand how legalization will impact their business model.
Summit Daily News editor Ben Trollinger contributed to the reporting of this story.
Start a dialogue, stay on topic and be civil.
If you don't follow the rules, your comment may be deleted.


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The inventor of the TV remote, Eugene Polley, died on Sunday at 96.
After his death was announced on Tuesday, the Internet paused -- get it? -- to remember the man and the wireless television remote control, which ushered in the era of channel surfing and couch potatoes.
Some tributes were humorous. Others were fawning.
"Gush all you want about Facebook, Twitter and other recent tech innovations. I'd stack Polley and his TV remote against all of them," wrote David Lazarus at LATimes.com. "After all, which would you be more willing to give up -- Facebook or your remote? ... Thought so."
Polley, who died of "natural causes," according to a news release, invented Zenith's "Flash-Matic" wireless remote control, which was introduced in 1955 and was heralded as the first of its kind. "It used a flashlight-like device to activate photocells on the television set to change channels," the Zenith news release says.
In the 1950s, the mechanics of using a remote were a little clunky:
"The viewer used a highly directional flashlight to activate the four control functions, which turned the picture and sound on and off and changed channels by turning the tuner dial clockwise and counterclockwise," Zenith says.
Rosa Golijan from MSNBC writes that eccentricities always have been part of the remote control and its odd history:
"Because the remote shined visible light, TVs could be confused by other light sources. In spite of its quirkiness, the Flash-Matic was a revolution, and the reason Polley was bestowed with humorous titles ranging from 'the founding father of the couch potato' to 'the czar of zapping' to 'the beach boy of channel surfing.' "
And an advertisement from that era underscores just how new this invention was.
"A flash of magic light from across the room (no wires, no cords) turns set on, off or changes channels," one ad says, "and you remain in your easy chair!"
Born in Chicago, Polley had a long career as an engineer at Zenith, where he worked his way up from the stockroom. His inventions, mostly in the field of television, earned 18 U.S. patents.
Technology analysts, commentators and remote users are using the occasion of Polley's death to celebrate his invention and tease a bit about its legacy.
"Thanks for the belly Eugene," someone wrote on the tech blog Gizmodo's Facebook page. "Just kidding. Great invention."
Others chose to focus on the way Polley, who won a Emmy Award from the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences for his creation, changed the world with the invention.
The TV remote was the precursor to interactive entertainment -- and it's part of the reason we're able to navigate digital content so freely, says The Atlantic's Alexis Madrigal.
"The new device meant people could change channels quickly and easily from the comfort of their sectionals, and that affordance meant that television stations could not continue to sell advertising or deliver programming the way that they had before when it was more difficult to change the channel," he writes. "I do not think it is an accident that we started channel surfing (1986) before we started surfing the Web."
As if taking a cue from that thought, one Twitter user wrote:
"R.I.P. Eugene Polley, inventor of the TV remote control. Please honor the man by reading this tweet for at least 5 seconds before scrolling."
Gizmodo also muses on the post-remote world:
"Cordless control allowed audiences a vastly new experience of consuming television: For the first time ever, they could switch programs without getting up to turn the dial. No longer were programs endured simply because they were too lazy to get up off the couch. Commercials could be avoided by switching channels, or muted, with just the press of a button. 'Channel surfing' become a thing."
Who owns the remote in your home, and why? Tell us about your relationship with TV remotes in the comments section.


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Whether or not the grandchildren were allowed to roam around in my grandmother's bedroom, it is one of my many memories of time spent at Grandpa Charlie and Grandma Bergeron's. We never called my grandma by her first name, Mildred, and to me she was always Gram.
Her bedroom was on the second floor of their two story home at 103 10th Avenue in Antigo Wisconsin. At the top of the stairs was a open area with a double bed, a buffet outside of Gram's room and a large radio/photograph where I recall listening to a scratchy 78 rpm record of Thumbelina (yes, I can still recite the story and sing the happy little tune). At the far end was a small storage area created when the staircase was closed off and relocated to the front of the house, and two bedrooms, one of which served as a guest room. Hanging on the wall in the guest room was a certificate, signed by President Franklin Roosevelt, expressing thanks on behalf of the country for the sacrifice made by my uncle, Earle Bergeron, in service to his country. Thinking about it now, I wonder why this token of appreciation was in the guest room and not in either of my grandparent's rooms.
Grams's room wasn't very big: a bed, a dresser, an overstuffed chair in a deep shade of indigo blue and a dressing table with a mirror. There were two windows that looked out the front of the house down Aurora Street and the other looking west over the alley. Other than the times when my cousins and I were playing hide-and-go-seek when we would steel ourselves to hide in Gram's closet (it was situated behind a wall and therefore very dark and scary), my memory of her room is that of quiet sadness. I have written about my uncle Earle on several occasions; his death at the age of 20, two months and one day short of his 21st birthday, had a profound affect on our family.
When Gram died in April 1968 and Grandpa Charlie decided to sell the house and move to Minneapolis, I was asked if there was anything special that I wanted of Gram's. Without hesitation I said I would like to have her jewelry box. When I was given a white covered jewelry box, I was crestfallen. What I wanted was the glass sided box that sat on her dressing table next to a photo of Uncle Earle dressed in his flight helmet and goggles. Inside was a photograph taken of Earle in the front yard of the home on 10th Ave. I thought the box was 'lost to me' until I discovered that my mother had the box. When I told her how glad I was it was still in the family, she presented it to me.
The box now sits on my dresser; the photograph of Earle that once was inside the box is now framed. My Dad shared that this photograph of Earle was on his last day of his leave before heading to North Carolina to begin the long trip overseas. The photo that is now inside the box is one of Earle at Fort Kelly, TX, when he was attending flight training as part of the federal program that created the "Flying Sergeants."
Thank you to Lisa Alzo for Day #6 for today's blogging prompt.
Copyright (c) Cindy Bergeron Scherwinski, 2010


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I showed up a bit late to the shop that day. I had an excuse: had to hit the toilet before leaving the house. My colleague (let's call him Bob) literally gasped: "Why the hell aren't you crapping on company time?" As you can imagine I was a bit perplexed and he obviously saw this on my face. He then proceeded to explain to me that I need to slow down. No one liked over-achievers and it reflected poorly on everyone else's work. I shouldn't waste my private time in the toilet either....that's what paid time is for.
Seriously, I couldn't make this up if I tried. It's also one of the things that I remember to this day like it was yesterday. Bob's words ingrained themselves in my mind and I honestly am reminded of this every time I take a bathroom break at work!
It was a part-time job way back when and I was doing grunt work. The full-time guys were all union and mostly 30 or 40 years my seniors. Nevertheless, this employer was seen as the gravy train. No one was ever measured on performance outside of a couple of the management guys. Everyone else couldn't care less. Vacation allocation was extremely generous and salaries were comparatively high for the type of work done at this place. I'll admit I technically should of quit on the spot but I was having none of that. The salaries for the summer grunts were some of the best in the area and I was a teenager. I could work outside. Take the shirt off, work on my tan while doing physical labor (I actually was one of those guys who always wanted the "heavy lifting" stuff as I just considered it a replacement for the gym that day!)
You can imagine I was often frowned upon. Hearing things from Bob and others like "let's take the scenic route today" and driving about an hour longer and 50 miles further to get somewhere which was a mile away wasn't uncommon. We actually took breaks from not working to work instead of taking breaks from work to rest. We'd go and race the company trucks in the woods. There were a couple days when someone pulled out a backpack full of beer and that was it for work that day. One big party! I vowed to NEVER end up in a job like this "when I grew up".
Fast forward 20 years. I like what I do. I'm measured on performance and I wouldn't change that no matter what. Yes, I rode the gravy train back in this part-time job but I wouldn't tolerate that type of work environment or position nowadays. Part-time and making some money on the side doesn't require you to have a fulfilling position where you learn every day. Challenges are good if you can get em' but sometimes it IS only about the money.....for college, for the family, whatever! Yet, it should be avoided at all costs once you're actually in your career years. If you're in a job where "you're crapping on company time" think twice about whether you're in the right role. Sure, you may be a champ to milk the opportunity as long as you can but I highly doubt you will excel long-term. There IS NO career path when you're crapping on company time. Seek out challenges and take on more than you think you can handle. Take risks and CARE. Ask yourself on your next bathroom break "am I crapping on company time" or am I getting S6!T done? No pun intended!
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organization(redirected from organisation)
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A generic term for any type of group or association of individuals who are joined together either formally or legally.
The term organization includes a corporation, government, partnership, and any type of civil or political association of people.
organization(Association), noun affiliation, alliance, bloc, club, coalition, combination, community, company, corps, coterie, establishment, faction, federation, foundation, group, institute, institution, joint concern, league, reipublicae forma, school, sodality, syndicate, troupe
Associated concepts: charitable organization, de facto orranization, domestic organization, labor organization, nonnrofit organization, political organization
organization(Structure), noun arrangement, build, classification, composition, configuration, conformation, constitution, construction, descriptio, design, figuration, figure, form, formation, framework, grouping, interrelation of parts, makeup, manner of construction, order, plan, regularity, scheme, shape, style of arrangeeent, systematization, temperatio
See also: arrangement, array, association, attribution, body, building, bureaucracy, business, campaign, cartel, centralization, chamber, citation, classification, committee, company, complex, composition, concern, connection, content, corporation, denomination, development, disposition, distribution, enterprise, facility, firm, form, formation, institute, institution, league, management, method, order, practice, procedure, regulation, scheme, society, sodality, structure, syndicate, system, union


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An Organic, Autumnal Wedding at The Barn at Springhouse in Lexington, Kentucky
An earthy color palette and organic touches put a sophisticated spin on Micaha Dean and Austin Hughes's fall fete in Lexington, Kentucky. "Fall in Kentucky is gorgeous, and we were inspired by the colors of the season," Micaha says.
The festivities unfolded in a historic tobacco barn tucked away in the idyllic countryside. Twinkling bistro lights and a dramatic chandelier suspended from the barn's exposed wood beams offered an elegant contrast to rustic setting. The couple kept the décor simple for their "I dos," adding wreaths and bows of eucalyptus to the aisle.
To personalize the ceremony, Micaha and Austin wrote their own vows and invited their family members to participate in a handfasting tradition.
The tented reception was teeming with fresh greenery—potted plants framed the dance floor, cascading wreaths hung from the ceiling and the head tables were draped with garlands of fragrant eucalyptus. Vintage brass candlesticks baring gray taper candles were woven throughout, their golden light casting a warm, romantic glow over the room.
"We tried to be very intentional about our DIY décor. Austin is a graphic designer, and he designed all of the wedding signage," Micaha says. "Some were printed and others were hand-painted by me."
Major fans of the local food scene, Micaha and Austin wanted to treat their guests to some of their favorite Lexington flavors. The pair hired food trucks from Minton's at 760 and J. Render's BBQ and served up their go-to eats from each. The newlyweds also cracked open a bottle of bourbon that they had buried the night before to keep bad weather at bay—a Southern tradition. "Everyone got to warm up by passing the bottle around during the fun on the dance floor," the bride says. "We signed it at the end of the night, and it's on a shelf at our venue. While it didn't keep the cold away, it didn't snow until after we left for our honeymoon, so we think it still worked!"


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Be sure to print this $2.00 off TWO Crest Pro-Health Mouthwashes coupon while you can! This coupon should be available in all zip codes. Remember that some coupons reach national print limits fast. You can usually print two (2) of each coupon per computer/IP address.
If you want to make sure you don't miss the new printable coupons when they are released, be sure to join the Coupons Only Group on Facebook. New printable coupons are posted there, first!
Want to save even more using your smartphone? Be sure to install the Checkout51 App and the iBotta App so you can get CASH BACK for purchasing certain items. The offers on the apps change frequently, so be sure to check your offers periodically, and always before going out couponing!
Don't forget, you can also print more coupons from Coupons . com, Hopster, RecycleBank, RedPlum, SmartSource, Common Kindness, Savings . com, and CouponNetwork too, right here on my blog!
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moved to Rochester after graduating from the State University College at Geneseo and...
Kelly Ashworth
moved to Rochester after graduating from the State University College at Geneseo and quickly became involved in many young professionals' groups.
The 22-year-old, who was hired at the YWCA last summer, has worked the YP4NP (Young Professionals for Nonprofits) event, helped with Safer Sex parties and trivia nights for R.E.A.L. (Rising Educators, Advocates and Leaders) for Planned Parenthood, and has been involved with recycling and volunteer efforts for the YWCA Young Professionals. She is also planning to join another group at Writers and Books and serves on the Roc City Coalition.
Ashworth said that these groups -- and others -- present "a great opportunity to get involved and find out about agencies that you are passionate about without necessarily having to worry about making a financial commitment. My generation, people in their 20s and lower 30s, have a really big desire to give back. They're always looking for a new way to do it."
Those new ways have led to the growth of about 40 groups specifically targeting younger workers to give back to the community by connecting them with various opportunities. Hopefully, they have created a hook to keep those individuals in the Rochester area.
If interested in joining the YWCA YPs contact Ashworth at 368-2261 or email@example.com
. For more on her involvement, check out my column on page 3E in Sunday's Democrat and Chronicle.


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Difference between revisions of "Airports"
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<big>AIRPORTS</big>
 '''Public Utilities Code, Section 21001 et seq. '''

The [http://www.dot.ca.gov/ '''California Department of Transportation'…')
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Revision as of 22:57, 3 June 2010
Public Utilities Code, Section 21001 et seq.
The California Department of Transportation, Division of Aeronautics, has jurisdiction over commercial airports, public airports, and heliports (helicopters) and requires a state-issued permit for airport operations. The State Aeronautics Act, Public Utilities Code (PUC) section 21001 et seq., is the foundation for the Department's aviation policies. This office inspects runway conditions, landing lights, runway markings, runway length, number of parking spaces for consumers, facility conditions, and the physical layout of the airport. The Division of Aeronautics inspects approximately 255 public-use airports and 30 commercial airliner airports across the state.
Complaints regarding aircraft, air space, and pilots are the jurisdiction of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
Department of Transportation
Division of Aeronautics
Physical Address:
1120 N Street, Room 3300
Sacramento, CA 95814
Postal Address:
Department of Transportation
Division of Aeronautics, MS # 40
PO Box 942874
Sacramento, CA 94274-0001
Shipping Address:
1415 11th Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 654-4959
(916) 653-9531 (fax)
Publications available: None are offered by the Consumer Information Center.
See also: "Aircraft" entry in A of this directory.
Other referrals: Federal Aviation Administration.
Consumer Resource & Referral Guide
Directory of State Agencies
Directory of Federal Agencies
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In this article you will find many pictures about Indoor Plants. We hope this pictures will give you some good ideas for your project. This pictures is part of our article Creative Indoor Vertical Wall Garden. A curated list of images that will get you good ideas and inspiration.
This image Creative indoor vertical wall garden 19 has dimension x pixels. You can see another items of this gallery by clicking [Prev] or [Next] button bellow the image.


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Tuesday, 5 July 2011
HappyBerry continues to raise money for the Japanese tsunami survivors
Since our last donation to the Japanese Red Cross we have raised another £46 in aid of the Japanese tsunami appeal from our Kokeshi Doll crocheted pattern sale on Ravelry.com - You can find the link here >>
Since Google has dis-continued helping us to donate directly to the Japanese Red Cross we are now donating all funds raised to Global Giving to help with the various relief efforts in the affected areas. This time the money has gone to Tohoku Kids' Support Project which will help orphans rebuild their lives post-tsunami, here is their story...
"There are approximately 100,000 displaced children (according to Save the Children estimates) as a result of the devastating earthquake and tsunami that took place on March 11, 2011. Although there are relief organizations in the Tohoku region currently providing food, shelter and crisis counselling support, many orphans will need longer-term support to help restore their lives and renew their spirit. Many orphanages (in and around) northeastern Japan will now have new orphans under their care.
Tohoku Kids' Support Project will directly address two-tiers of support at those affected orphanages. By working closely with orphanage staff, local prefecture wards, and children's homes associations, we will address the specific needs at each orphanage. Tier one support will replace those personal items that were lost in the disaster such as clothing, footwear, school supplies, books, toys, phones,bikes, etc. Tier two support will address child counselling needs and therapeutic activities."
HappyBerry will continue to raise money and you can help by buying our pattern on ravelry here! So far nearly £200 has been raised and donated.
Happy Crocheting (^-^)
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No. 98,646
JANET S. FRIDAY AND JOHN W. FRIDAY, et al.,
1. When a contract gives one party a right of first refusal to purchase land if the present owner desires to sell it, the right of first refusal does not arise when the co-owners transfer ownership among themselves without payment.
2. Under K.S.A. 60-503, a party may gain title to real estate through adverse possession when it has been possessed openly, exclusively, and continuously for 15 years either under a good-faith belief of ownership or under a claim knowingly adverse to the titled owner.
3. A party claiming adverse possession under a good-faith belief of ownership may demonstrate exclusive possession of land even though that party has granted permission, either orally or in a lease, to the titled owner or its agents to use the disputed land.
Appeal from Greenwood District Court; JOHN E. SANDERS, judge. Opinion filed April 10, 2009. Affirmed.
Stephen M. Kerwick and Shannon D. Wead, of Foulston Siefkin, LLP, of Wichita, for appellant.
Bryan K. Joy, of Joy Law Office P.A., of Burlington, for appellee.
Before GREENE, P.J., GREEN and LEBEN, JJ.
LEBEN, J.: Rucker Properties, L.L.C., sued Janet and John Friday and their relatives to quiet title to a tract of land in Greenwood County and to enforce a right of first refusal to buy the land. The Fridays filed a cross-claim that sought title to a disputed portion of land that they claimed they own through adverse possession. The district court held a bench trial and found in favor of the Fridays on all issues. Rucker Properties now appeals that ruling.
Rucker Properties argues that the district court erred in not enforcing the right of first refusal in the lease agreement between it and the Fridays. But the right of first refusal in this case was only implicated if the lessors under the lease--the Fridays and their family members--wanted to sell the property. Here, the transfer in question was a quitclaim deed executed as a gift by family members in favor of specific members of that family. As no sale existed, it did not trigger the right of first refusal.
Rucker Properties also argues that the district court erred in finding that the Fridays had acquired the disputed piece of land through adverse possession. But whether a party has acquired land through adverse possession is a question of fact, and substantial evidence supported the district court's conclusion that the Fridays had possessed the disputed land openly, exclusively, and continuously under a good-faith belief in ownership for more than 30 years. Rucker Properties' arguments that the district court's decision on this issue cut off the only suitable access to its property does not defeat the adverse-possession claim, and Rucker Properties made no claim in the district court for any sort of implied easement across the Fridays' land. Thus, we affirm the district court's judgment in favor of the Fridays.
The district court prepared an exceptionally thorough 18-page decision. It summarized the key evidence and its findings, and it included helpful maps and photos showing the disputed land. Because the parties are familiar with the evidence and the district court's decision set it out so clearly, we will only summarize some of the key points related to the appeal.
As referenced in the district court's opinion and the parties' exhibits, three separate tracts are at issue. Tract A is owned by Rucker Properties. Tract B is owned by the Fridays. Tract C is within the legal description for Tract A and is adjacent to Tract B. The Fridays claim that they and their predecessor owners have actually been using Tract C for so long that they have acquired actual title to it by adverse possession.
I. The District Court Did Not Err in Concluding that Rucker Properties' Right of First Refusal to Buy Tract B Had Not Been Triggered by an Intra-Family Transfer.
Rucker Properties' first argument on appeal arises out of a lease agreement between Rucker Properties and the group of family members that owned Tract B: the Fridays, Janet Friday's mother, Dorothy Whipple Davis, and Janet Friday's other siblings and their spouses. Under the lease, Rucker Properties obtained the right to use Tract B. That lease agreement also gave Rucker Properties a right of first refusal to buy Tract B if the owners decided to sell it: "If, during the period of this lease, the Lessors desire to sell the property, the Lessee shall have the first and exclusive right to purchase the property at the fair market price obtainable from any other purchaser."
While the lease was in effect, all of the other owners of Tract B except the Fridays quitclaimed their interests to the Fridays. Rucker Properties contends that this triggered its right of first refusal to purchase the property. Because this contention raises a legal issue regarding the interpretation of a written agreement, we consider the legal issue on appeal without any required deference to the district court. See McGinley v. Bank of America, N.A., 279 Kan. 426, 431, 109 P.3d 1146 (2005); Bergman v. Commerce Trust Co., 35 Kan. App. 2d 301, 304, 129 P.3d 624 (2006). To the extent that any factual findings are relevant in considering this issue, however, we must accept them so long as they are supported by substantial evidence. Owen Lumber Co. v. Chartrand, 283 Kan. 911, 915-16, 157 P.3d 1109 (2007).
Rucker Properties' argument quickly runs into trouble with one of the district court's factual findings: the district court found that the Fridays' co-owners simply gifted their interests to the Fridays. Whether a transfer is a gift is a question of fact, In re Estate of Button, 17 Kan. App. 2d 11, 13, 830 P.2d 1216, rev. denied 251 Kan. 938 (1992), and the district court's factual finding on this question is well supported by the evidence. The language contained in the lease provided only a right of first refusal if "the Lessors desire to sell the property." But they didn't. As the district court put it, "The difficulty with plaintiff's position is that there was no offer, no intent to sell, no seller, no buyer and no fair market price upon which the first refusal clause could operate."
The counsel for Rucker Properties contended in oral argument that the word "sell" should be broadly construed to mean "convey." But a sale is no mere conveyance--it is "[t]he transfer of property or title for a price." (Emphasis added.) Black's Law Dictionary 1364 (8th ed. 2004). Although the quitclaim deed said that title was transferred "for the sum of One Dollar and other valuable consideration," the district court's factual finding that there actually was no payment stands on appeal, and no one contends that $1 would have represented "the fair market price obtainable from any other purchaser" referenced in the right-of-first-refusal lease provision.
Rucker Properties attempts to liken the facts of this case to those in Anderson v. Armour & Company, 205 Kan. 801, 473 P.2d 84 (1970). In Anderson, the defendants/lessors argued that a lease provision, which applied if "the Lessor desires to sell the premises," was not triggered because the "tract was not 'sold' but rather was 'traded' as an essential part of other related property." 205 Kan. at 802-03. The court rejected that argument, finding that the transaction "involved an exchange of properties together with cash [and that] the deed from Armour recited 'bargain, sell and convey'. Further, as far as the Andersons were concerned--the 13.75 acres were effectively 'sold' and placed beyond their reach--regardless of the details of the transaction . . . ." 205 Kan. at 806.
Rucker Properties emphasizes the "placed beyond their reach" language and argues that the quitclaim deed here did the same. But Anderson is distinguishable from this case because nothing was exchanged for Tract B. It was purely a gift. Unlike in Anderson, no property or cash was given in exchange for the property, and unlike in Anderson, the property was not transferred to a third party to the lease agreement.
Both the Fridays and the district court cite Bergman. In that case, land subject to a first-refusal clause passed to the owner's estate upon his death, and the estate later transferred the property to the late owner's sister as part of a settlement among family members over who would get various assets from the estate. The plaintiff claimed that this transfer triggered his right of first refusal. The court rejected that argument and concluded that the right was not triggered unless the owner or estate specifically intended to sell and a bona fide written offer had been received. The court ruled that the transfer between the estate and the late owner's sister did not trigger the right of first refusal because there was no bona fide written offer and no evidence that the estate was willing to accept such an offer. 35 Kan. App. 2d at 307-08.
Bergman supports our conclusion because it states that the owner of a property must form an intent to sell to trigger a right of first refusal, but it is not entirely factually analogous. Although the court did hold that the transfer between the estate and the late owner's sister did not trigger the right of first refusal, the decision was based in large part on the fact that no bona fide written offer had been received. Bergman, 35 Kan. App. 2d at 307-08. But the right of first refusal in this case has no such requirement.
We think this issue in our case is resolved simply by saying that a transfer among co-owners without payment doesn't trigger a right of first refusal when the owner must have a "desire to sell the property" to trigger it. Other states have addressed more directly the question of whether a gift can trigger a right of first refusal that is contingent on the "sale" of a property. Those states have concluded that gifts generally do not trigger such clauses. See, e.g., Hartzheim v. Valley Land & Cattle Co., 153 Cal. App. 4th 383, 392, 62 Cal. Rptr. 3d 815 (2007) ("A gift of the property to third parties completely changes control but does not trigger a typical right of first refusal."); Webster v. Ocean Reef Community Ass'n, Inc., 994 So. 2d 367, 370 (Fla. App. Dist. 2008) ("Were we to construe 'sale' or 'purchase' to include Ms. Sculthorpe's transfer and her residential trust's transfer, the Association would have a right of first refusal to acquire the residence for nothing, nada, zero. We will not construe the documents to produce an absurd result."); Schroeder v. Duenke, 265 S.W.3d 843, 847 (Mo. App. 2008) ("Under Missouri law, a transfer of property by gift from one family member to another does not trigger a right of first refusal."); Dewey v. Dewey, 33 P.3d 1143, 1149 (Wyo. 2001) ("[A] 'sale' in the context of a right of first refusal is a 'transfer for value of a significant interest in the subject property to a stranger who thereby gains substantial [ownership or] control over the subject property.'").
Several other states have addressed the issue of whether a sale or transfer of property between co-owners triggers a right of first refusal, and those states have concluded that there must be a transfer for value to a third party to trigger such a clause. See Pellandini v. Valadao, 113 Cal. App. 4th 1315, 1322, 7 Cal. Rptr. 3d 413 (2003) ("[A] bona fide sale for purposes of a right of first refusal does not occur unless there is a transfer for value to a third party."); Byron Material, Inc. v. Ashelford, 34 Ill. App. 3d 301, 305-06, 339 N.E.2d 26 (1975) (sale of an interest in leased property from one co-tenant to another did not trigger a right of first refusal); Wilson v. Grey, 560 S.W.2d 561, 561-62 (Ky. 1978) (sale from one of the lessors to another was not a sale of the premises within the meaning of the first-refusal clause of the lease because the transfer did not place any of the landlord's reversionary interest outside the ownership of the existing lessor); Rogers v. Neiman, 187 Neb. 582, 583, 193 N.W.2d 266 (1971) ("We think the proper construction of the lease was that an option existed only if the entire property was offered for sale by all of the lessors."); Baker v. McCarthy, 122 N.H. 171, 176 (1982) ("The reference to the grantors in the plural, in our opinion, clearly contemplates that an offer to purchase would be made by a third party to the grantors as a whole group."); Koella v. McHargue, 976 S.W.2d 658, 660 (Tenn. App. 1998) ("Our conclusion that the transfer between co-tenants did not trigger a right of first refusal protects defendants' rights against third-party purchases."); Prince v. Elm Inv. Co., Inc., 649 P.2d 820, 823 (Utah 1982) ("[F]or purposes of a right of first refusal, a 'sale' occurs upon the transfer [a] for value [b] of a significant interest in the subject property [c] to a stranger to the lease, [d] who thereby gains substantial control over the leased property."); McGuire v. Lowery, 2 P.3d 527, 532 (Wyo. 2000) ("We hold that for a transaction to constitute a 'sale' and trigger a first right of refusal, it must involve an arms-length transaction resulting in an actual change in control of the burdened property rather than simply moving it from the individual owners to an entity controlled by them.").
Finally, the fact that no third parties were involved in the quitclaim deed is also an important point. The right of first refusal applied if the "Lessors desired to sell" the property. It does not state that it applied if any or some of the lessors desired to sell the property. Rather, the plain language of the clause indicates that all the lessors had to agree to sell the property. The Fridays were lessors under the lease agreement, but they did not surrender or convey any interest in the property. Because the Fridays did not give up their interest in the property, the right of first refusal did not apply.
Accordingly, because the conveyance between the Whipples and the Fridays was an intra-family gift and not a sale and no ownership was transferred to anyone outside of the lease agreement, the right of first refusal was not triggered. The district court did not err in concluding as much.
II. Substantial Evidence Supported the District Court's Conclusion That Tract C Had Been Acquired by the Fridays or Their Predecessors Through Adverse Possession.
The district court found that the Fridays (or their predecessors in ownership of Tract B) had gained title to Tract C through adverse possession under belief of ownership. Under K.S.A. 60-503, a party may obtain title to real estate through open, exclusive, and continuous possession of the property for 15 years when that possession is accompanied by a good-faith belief of ownership. See Wallace v. Magie, 214 Kan. 481, 486, 522 P.2d 989 (1974). To gain adverse possession, the party's belief of ownership must not only be made in good faith, it also must be reasonable. Akers v. Allaire, 17 Kan. App. 2d 556, 558, 840 P.2d 547, rev. denied 252 Kan. 1091 (1992).
Unless the facts are undisputed, whether a party has acquired title to land through adverse possession is a question of fact. Chesbro v. Board of Douglas County Comm'rs, 39 Kan. App. 2d 954, 960, 186 P.3d 829, rev. denied 286 Kan. 1176 (2008). We must uphold the district court's factual findings when substantial evidence supports them; appellate courts do not weigh conflicting evidence or evaluate witness credibility. In re Estate of Hjersted, 285 Kan. 559, 571, 175 P.3d 810 (2008); Thompson v. Hilltop Lodge, Inc., 34 Kan. App. 2d 908, 910, 126 P.3d 441 (2006).
The district court concluded that the Fridays had met the requirements of adverse possession with regard to Tract C. Specifically, the court found that "[s]aid land has been openly, exclusively and continuously occupied by the Fridays and their predecessors in title, the Whipples, undisputed and in good faith for more than 15 years (actually over 30 years and for almost 20 years before plaintiff became the owner of Tract A)." Substantial evidence supports this conclusion.
Before we discuss the evidence about adverse possession in detail, we need to add a few more of the background facts of the case. Tract C wraps around the top and down one side of Tract B. The section above Tract B is about 160 feet wide, while Tract B itself is only 132 feet wide; the section above Tract B is about 133 feet long. A section of smaller width, about 28 feet (160 - 132), runs along one side of Tract B for the rest of its 1320 feet of length. An old stone house originally built by an ancestor of Janet Friday was built on Tract B in the 1800s, but a chicken coop behind the house is on Tract C. In addition, a new modular home placed on the land by the Fridays in the fall of 2004 is located both on Tract B and Tract C. And finally, by way of getting a bearing on possible boundaries, an old railroad tie is located toward the south end of Tract C on what the Fridays contend is the boundary line between Tract C and Rucker Properties' Tract A. That railroad tie is on a north-south line that would run about 9 feet from the chicken coop; one witness said that a railroad tie used to be on that line and behind the chicken coop.
With those basic facts, let's review some of the evidence that supports the district court's conclusion. Several people testified at trial, including members of the Whipple-Friday family, a former lessee of Tract B, and former farmers of Tract A under both Rucker Properties and a predecessor owner; nearly all these people testified that the recognized boundary between the properties was the railroad tie. When the Whipples first moved onto the land in the early 1970s, they made use of the chicken coop located on Tract C and constructed a pole barn on Tract C. The Whipples also gardened on Tract C.
Janet Friday testified that Dorothy Whipple Davis leased the land after she moved away and had believed that the land she was leasing included Tract C. Although Rucker Properties said that it or its tenant farmers on Tract C or both regularly farmed over the line designated by the railroad tie or hunted on Tract C, there was testimony that both Dorothy Whipple Davis and her tenant farmer, Robert Stotts, gave permission to the farmers working Tract A to farm or mow across the line represented by the railroad tie. These facts support the district court's conclusion that the Whipple-Friday family possessed Tract C openly, exclusively, and continuously under a good-faith belief in ownership for more than 30 years.
Rucker Properties makes only passing reference in its brief to the requirement that adverse possession be continuous by claiming that the Whipple-Friday family did not occupy the land after 1985. But it is undisputed that, although the family did not live on the land from 1985 until 2004, they leased the land to Stotts and Rucker Properties during that time. Certainly, a lease on the property reflects a claim of ownership in it. In Buchanan v. Rediger, 26 Kan. App. 2d 59, 63, 975 P.2d 1235 (1999), our court noted that what actions may constitute adverse possession depend upon the nature of the property, its condition, and its appropriate use: "The acts of dominion necessary to establish possession must be adapted depending on the particular land, and neither cultivation, nor residence, is necessary to establish actual possession." Nothing in the record suggests that leasing Tract B (which the Fridays and Whipples believed included Tract C) was inappropriate, unusual, or out of character for that piece of land. Indeed, the fact that both Tracts A and B were leased at different times to different farmers suggests that it was an accepted and common use of land in the area. In Buchanan, the owners exercised their claimed ownership of the farmland by leasing the land for tenant farming, just as the Fridays and their predecessors did.
Rucker Properties also does not explicitly challenge the district court's finding that the Whipple-Friday family's possession of Tract C was open or that the possession extended beyond the 15-year statutory period. Thus, it appears that the gist of Rucker Properties' argument on appeal is that the Fridays' possession of Tract C was neither exclusive nor based on a belief of ownership.
Rucker Properties does challenge whether the Whipple-Davis family exclusively possessed Tract C. It argues that the district court "failed to consider [the Fridays'] long-standing acceptance of use of land at issue." Rucker Properties claims that "[t]he evidence in the case showed that hunters on the [Rucker Properties] property and lessees on both the Whipple and [Rucker Properties] tracts (B and A respectively) regularly worked both sides of the boundary line." Rucker Properties also claims that its use of a private road running across Tracts B and C to access Tract B negates any claim of exclusivity.
One initial problem with this argument is that whether adverse possession has been established is a question of fact. See Chesbro, 39 Kan. App. 2d at 960. Rucker did testify that he hunted on Tract C on a yearly basis up to the line of fruit trees. According to Rucker Properties, the fields in Tract A had always been cultivated across Tract C and onto Tract B. But several other people also testified that the boundary line was the railroad tie and that the land was not farmed across that line. And there was also testimony that when the land was farmed across that line, it was done with the permission of the Whipples or their tenant, Robert Stotts. The district court chose to give greater weight to the testimony that the recognized boundary was the railroad tie. As noted above, it is not the job of the appellate court to reweigh the evidence heard at trial. In re Estate of Hjersted, 285 Kan. at 571. Because substantial evidence supports the district court's conclusion, it should stand.
Rucker Properties also overlooks an important point when it argues that exclusivity was compromised by its tenants farming over the railroad tie line. Bryan Marshall testified that he worked for Rucker Properties and cultivated the land east of the railroad tie (on Tract C) in 2003 and 2004. But it is important to note that during that time, Rucker Properties was leasing Tract B from the Whipple-Friday family. When use of the property was done with the permission of the party claiming adverse possession, that does not negate exclusivity because the act of obtaining permission recognizes the superior authority of possession of the party from whom permission was sought. Aylesbury v. Lawrence, 166 Kan. 8, 10, 199 P.2d 474 (1948); see also Bowles v. McKeon, 217 S.W.3d 400, 406 (Mo. App. 2007) (permissive visits by title owner do not negate adverse possession claim); Rieddle v. Buckner, 629 N.E.2d 860, 863 (Ind. App. 1994) (permissive use under easement doesn't negate adverse possession claim). The district court found that several witnesses understood the boundary line to be based on the railroad tie well before Rucker Properties leased Tract A.
Janet Friday testified that the family always believed that the land under the lease included Tracts B and C. Thus, any actions by Rucker Properties or its employees while it was leasing the property don't dispute the exclusive claim of ownership staked by the Whipple-Friday family. Under the lease, Rucker Properties had every right to use the land as a lessee. The same holds true for Rucker Properties' use of the private road running east-west near the southern border of the tracts. Rucker Properties' use of the road and its cultivation onto Tract C does not contradict the exclusive nature of the Whipple-Friday family's possession of that tract because Rucker Properties was using it under the authority given to it by the lease.
There are also key differences between this case and the case cited by Rucker Properties in support of his argument, Thompson, 34 Kan. App. 2d 908. Rucker Properties says that, much like the facts of Thompson, in this case there was "tacit cooperation between the landowners for an extended period of time, not to say a lack of continuous or exclusive possession by either." In Thompson, adjoining landowners both shared in the maintenance and costs of a strip of land between their properties. No discussion was ever had of what the actual boundary was. The district court rejected one party's claim of ownership by adverse possession, and the Court of Appeals agreed after finding, in part, that the evidence showed that both sides claimed a possessory interest in the disputed tract of land through their maintenance activities. 34 Kan. App. 2d at 911.
The key difference in this case is that any cultivation or maintenance of Tract C by Rucker Properties or its tenants was done either after the initial request by Dorothy Whipple Davis or her tenant Stotts, or when Rucker Properties itself was the tenant on Tract B. Thus, unlike in Thompson, the actions of Rucker Properties were not contrary to the exclusive possessory interest that the Whipple-Friday family claimed. To the contrary, it actually supports their possessory claim on the land because any maintenance done by Rucker Properties or its tenants was done at the request of the Whipple-Friday family or under the authority of the lease.
Rucker Properties' brief also emphasizes the traditional requirement of hostility in adverse-possession claims and argues that there must have been some sort of notice or intent on the part of the Whipple-Friday family to claim Tract C. Rucker Properties does not address, however, the portion of K.S.A. 60-503 that allows an otherwise open, exclusive, and continuous possession of land to be either "knowingly adverse or under a belief of ownership." See Akers, 17 Kan. App. 2d at 558. As the district court noted, the facts of this case turn on a belief of ownership of Tract C by the Whipple-Friday family.
With regard to the Whipple-Friday family's belief in ownership, Rucker Properties claims that the family never "asserted a claim against or right to Tract C or any portion of it." He points to the lease, which included only the legal description of Tract B, as evidence of this fact. But that will be true in any adverse possession case: if the legal description matched what everyone claimed on the ground, there would be no dispute. Janet Friday testified that her family always believed that the land covered by the lease was Tracts B and C because that was the land they believed they owned. The district court concluded that the lease of the land did not contradict the family's claim against Tract C but rather "confirms their belief in their right of possession and ownership . . . ." Nothing in the record suggests that the Whipple-Friday family's belief in their ownership in Tract C was based on anything other than good faith. It was certainly a reasonable belief because either they or their tenants had been using Tract C since the early 1970s. Accordingly, the district court did not err in finding that the Whipple-Friday family was operating under a good-faith belief in ownership.
Although Rucker Properties goes to great lengths in its brief to dispute the recollections and testimony about the railroad tie, the district court chose to accept that testimony. To dismiss that testimony on appeal as insufficient or unreliable would be to reweigh the credibility of the witnesses, and that's not the duty of an appellate court. See In re Estate of Hjersted, 285 Kan. at 571. Accordingly, because substantial evidence supports the district court's conclusion that the Whipple-Friday family adversely possessed Tract C, we must affirm the district court's decision.
III. Rucker Properties Cannot Raise a New Claim for a Road Easement on Appeal.
Rucker Properties' final argument is that the district court erred to his "material prejudice" by awarding all of Tract C to the Fridays. Rucker Properties claims that the decision to award all of Tract C to the Fridays allowed them to block off access to the private east-west road that runs across Tracts B and C and onto Tract A. Rucker Properties then argues that we should reverse the judgment granting adverse possession to the southern portion of Tract C "and remand for further proceedings which take the legitimate concerns of ingress and egress into account and fashion any further action in light of it."
But Rucker Properties did not present any claim for a road easement in this lawsuit, either in the pleadings or in the pretrial order. Nor did it make an argument after trial to the district court for some sort of easement for use of an existing road on Tract C. We note that Rucker Properties now seeks not only some sort of easement to use the road on Tract C but also on Tract B, a parcel to which it has no claim of ownership whatsoever. Such a claim may not be raised for the first time on appeal. See Miller v. Bartle, 283 Kan. 108, 119, 150 P.3d 1282 (2007).
The judgment of the district court is affirmed.


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Open Carry is legal in Virginia in most places with or without a Concealed Handgun Permit (CHP).
Xious wrote:
Fake boyfriend Tweets his last goodbye at 6:34am ... while the love of his life is still alive.
Video linked is the "Live TV Broadcast" and was possibly the first available version on YT, as I got the same version very quickly once the story broke. Appears to be actual original aired version as opposed to later versions of someone recording a TV screen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DQDf0RF2ek
Please take note also that the original first video "Live TV Broadcast" has a seeming "glitch" or brief dead spot @ 14-15 second mark in which the camera temporarily freezes and the audio is actually dead for about a second or so just before "Oh My God" is to transpire at roughly 16-17 second mark.
http://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2015/08/26 ... -video.cnnAnd of course in the later versions, the glitch is fixed and the audio seems to flow interrupton free. And is video of someone taping a TV screen..lol As aired on CNN
How perfectly Ward just eases around as Flanagan approaches. Anyway at (18 seconds) Parker 100% glances at Flanagan (looks like an angry smirk) as if to say "Don't *jump the gun* you idiot..he's still panning over there."
Xious wrote:My thoughts:
1. Brian, there are plenty of videos on YT already... why bother?
2. This hoax is busted by the lack of blood alone so anyone who remains fooled past that point is beyond convincing.
3. The glock is obviously shooting blanks.
4. Ward obviously missed his cue and thought that he was shot first. The fake gunman probably screwed up the sequence.
5. Parker has obviously never seen what happens when someone is shot by a glock.
6. The shooter is obviously waiting for some type of cue while he stands there getting the perfect angle for his camera.
7. Parker and her interviewee are obviously pretending to have an interview and know that the fake gunman is working on his camera angle waiting for his cue. Why would they be conducting the interview knowing that Adam isn't even pointing the camera at them?
8. Ward is obviously day dreaming about what he plans to do with all the loot that he will be paid for participating in this farce, as he video tapes the grass.
9. The real reason that Hurst and Parker have only been together for 9 months is because Parker's real boyfriend would need to be out of the picture so he and Parker could disappear together.
10. Apparently, Ward is single and an only child who's parents have died since no one has appeared on tv on his behalf, to push for stiffer gun laws.
brianp, et al, we don't see a lot of media collaborations on CluesForum itself since this is usually just a place to put original research once it's already done. Sorry about that. I know it's exhausting. One of my original critiques of the 9|11 propaganda film (allegedly by "the Naudets") was removed from YouTube and I can't locate my back up. This kind of unrewarded work comes with the territory.
However, if you do go through with your effort and it proves fakery as you claim, and as long as your channel isn't filled with distraction, it might always have an audience on CF.
I also agree with Xious in the sense that it has to be worth it to you to spend the time on it, because you may not see dividends of attention from your audience until much later, if at all. Again, the work should be the reward itself. And I think it would be good work.
brianp wrote:
I am unsure if you mean A) "There are plenty of videos busting this hoax on YT already?"
brianp wrote:If the lack of blood is good enough by you, why did you feel compelled to go on and list thoughts 3-10? This is an actual question that I would like a sincere answer to.
ninetynine wrote:It could be a piece of media fakery a la September Clues.
fbenario wrote:ninetynine wrote:It could be a piece of media fakery a la September Clues.
Simon's September Clues video is media fakery?
You seem to be very confused.
Or they actually did it on purpose because they very well knew that 96% of the whole folks are incredibly dumb.
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DAVIS, Calif. – UC Santa Barbara clubbed five doubles and five different Gauchos drove in runs on Saturday afternoon at Dobbins Stadium on the way to a regular season-ending 6-3 win over UC Davis.
The victory gave UCSB its third sweep of the season and a 34-17-1 overall record to close out the regular season. The team finished with a 12-12 Big West campaign. UC Davis ends the season with a record of 23-31, 7-17.
Senior left fielder Joey Epperson finished his stellar senior season with a bang, collecting a game-best three hits in four ABs from the leadoff position.
Despite his three hits, he was one of the few Gauchos to not record a double against the Aggies, as Robby Nesovic, Tyler Kuresa, Scott Quinlan, Woody Woodward, and Ryan Clark all claimed two-baggers.
UCSB starter Shane Bieber delivered one of the best starts of his freshman year, allowing just two runs on six hits in six innings of work. He struck out a pair and walked none in the outing. Bieber earned the win on the day, pushing his record to 3-4 on the year.
As was often the case in 2014, junior lefty Greg Mahle and sophomore closer Dillon Tate teamed up to shut down the opposition the rest of the way. Mahle allowed a single run over the seventh and eighth innings, while Tate recovered from Friday's adventurous outing with a hitless ninth that clinched the win. Tate earned his 12th save of the season, ending the year with the second-most single-season saves in program history.
For the third time in the series, UCSB was the first to draw blood. Quinlan and Woodward got the Gauchos on the board first in the second inning with consecutive doubles, but that 1-0 lead was short-lived as UCD's Seth Batty cashed in a run on an RBI groundout after Austin March tripled to lead off the bottom of the third.
UCSB went up for good on a Quinlan sac fly in the fourth that scored Nesovic, who had doubled earlier in the frame.
The Gauchos then broke it open with a three-run sixth. Clark did the most damage with a two-run double down the left field line before Epperson plated another with an opposite-field RBI single.
UC Davis made it interesting by scoring single runs in the sixth and eighth innings to bring the score to 5-3, but an RBI double from Kuresa in the top half of the ninth and a shutdown inning from Tate in the bottom half ensured the win for the Gauchos.
With the regular season over, UCSB now looks to the postseason. Compared to last year's regional-reaching team, the 2014 Gauchos have a better winning percentage (.667 to .597) and RPI (51 to 57).
UCSB will learn its fate on Monday morning with the NCAA Division I Baseball Selection Show, which will be broadcasted live at 9:00 a.m. PDT on ESPNU.


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Review: "Sleepy Hollow" on Fox
"Sleepy Hollow," a visually stunning update on Washington Irving's classic pitting a hunky Ichabod Crane against a Headless Horseman in 2014, premieres Monday, Sept. 16, on Fox. The mystery-drama with paranormal flourishes is the latest wild ride from Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci, co-creators of "Fringe."
Ichabod Crane is "a wonderful lens through which to view our country," creator-producer Orci told critics. Native American history, emancipation, and the reach of government will all be fair game.
Tom Mison ("Salmon Fishing in the Yemen") is the best-looking Ichabod ever, awaking from 1790 to find contemporary society quite changed. For starters, women of color are now exercising authority: the town's sheriff is an African-American woman (Nicole Beharie). The two will make fun sparring partners.
Cultural commentary mixed with the mystery, along with lavish production values, gives Irving's tale a clever twist. The hour is trying to cover a lot of bases, but it may find its focus.


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Fashion Disaster Night!
Tuesday evenings, September – May, at 5:30-7:30pm
Awana's goal is to equip churches to reach boys and girls with the gospel of Christ and train them to serve Him. The acronym "AWANA" comes from the letters of Approved Workmen Are Not Ashamed as taken from 2 Timothy 2:15. Awana blends Bible teaching, Scripture memorization, and tons of fun. Our Awana ministry impacts kids ages 1 to 18, their families, and our entire community!


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5 Seconds of Summer vs. Iggy Azalea – Pop Clashby Michelle McGahan | PopCrush
Congratulations to 5 Seconds of Summer! The group of Aussies beat out the Vamps in the last round of Pop Clash with their heartbreak hit 'Amnesia.' This time, they are facing off against fellow Aussie Iggy Azalea and her smash 'Fancy'. Which song should win this week's Pop Clash?
5SOS' 'Amnesia' is not only the perfect breakup song, it's also a more mellow, heavier tune than their tune 'She Looks So Perfect' — and while both songs are amazing, we love that the group can nail such a wide range of emotions so perfectly. It's clear that the guys' feelings run deep on the track, and we're obsessed with their harmonies. The lyrics of the song may make us cry, but we're still simultaneously swooning over the band.
It's safe to say that Iggy Azalea's 'Fancy' has been in our heads all summer long — and let's just say we're not complaining. We love the badass edge in her voice as she spits verse after verse on the addictive track, and with Charli XCX on the insanely catchy chorus, we just can't get enough.
Which song should win this week's Pop Clash? Cast your vote for 5 Seconds of Summer or Iggy Azalea once per hour until the poll closes at 3PM ET on Monday, July 21.
Listen to 5 Seconds of Summer's 'Amnesia'
Watch Iggy Azalea's 'Fancy' Video


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Recent News
April 21, 2014
Missouri Firm Recalls Hot Dog Products Due To Misbranding and Undeclared Allergens
The Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services received information regarding a recall of approximately 96,000 pounds of Oscar Mayer Classic Wieners because the products may contain Classic Cheese Dogs in the Classic Wieners' packages. The product labels are incorrect, as they do not reflect the ingredients associated with the pasteurized cheese in the cheese dogs. The products were formulated with milk, a known allergen, which is not declared on the product label.
The following products are subject to recall: [View Labels (PDF Only)]
- 16 oz. packages -individual consumer packages- of "Classic Wieners Made with Turkey & Chicken, Pork Added" with "USE BY 16 Jun 2014" date and product code "044700000632"
- Cases of 16 oz. packages -distributed to retailers- of "Classic Cheese Dogs Made with Turkey & Chicken, Pork Added, and Pasteurized Cheese Product" with "USE BY 16 Jun 2014" date and case code "00447000005300"
The products were produced on March 2-3, 2014, and bear the establishment number "Est. 537H" inside the USDA mark of inspection. The products were distributed to Kraft distribution centers and in retail stores nationwide.
The full recall can be found at www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/recalls-and-public-health-alerts/recall-case-archive/archive/2014/recall-024-2014-release.


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India: Punjab, a generation at risk
Issued on: Modified:
From heroin and opium to barbiturates, cough syrup and painkillers, three out of four young people in Punjab are drug addicts. Over the last few years, the number of private detox centres has exploded. In some districts, pharmacies outnumber grocery stores. Why are drugs such a problem in this state, one of the richest in India?


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Examples > GSM library
This example shows you how to answer a HTTP request using a GSM shield attached to an Arduino. Specifically, it connects to xively.com, a free datalogging site. The example requires that you set up a xively.com account, as well as a xively feed (for more information on setting up an input feed, please click here). Your GSM shield will then connect to that feed and upload sensor data.
To use a data connection with the GSM shield, you'll need your provider's Access Point Name (APN), login, and password. To obtain this information, contact the network provider for the most up to date information. This page has some information about various carrier settings, but it may not be current.
First, import the GSM library
#include <GSM.h>
Declare the various settings for your Xively account; your API key, feed ID, and project name (the user agent).
SIM cards may have a PIN number that enables their functionality. Define the PIN for your SIM. If your SIM has no PIN, you can leave it blank :
#define PINNUMBER ""
Define a number of constants that contain information about the GPRS network you're going to connect to. You'll need the Access Point Name (APN), login, and password. To obtain this information, contact your network provider for the most up to date information. This page has some information about various carrier settings, but it may not be current.
Initialize instances of the classes you're going to use. You're going to need the GSM, GPRS, GSMServer, and GSMClient classes.
Create some variables to store information you're going to need in the sketch; a char array to hold the URL, and some variables for setting timing intervals.
setup, open a serial connection to the computer.
Create a local variable to track the connection status. You'll use this to keep the sketch from starting until the SIM is connected to the network :
Connect to the network by calling
gsmAccess.begin(). It takes the SIM card's PIN as an argument. You'll also connect to the GPRS network using
gprs.attachGPRS(). This requires the APN, login, and password you declared earlier. By placing this inside a
while() loop, you can continually check the status of the connection and wait for them to both become
true before proceeding.
When the modem does connect and has attached itself to the GPRS network,
gsmAccess() will return
GSM_READY. Use this as a flag to set the
notConnected variable to
true or
false. Once connected, you can close
You're going to use some custom functions in this sketch. The first will make a HTTP connection to the server and send any data. Declare a function named
sendData() that accepts an argument of type
Check to see if there is a successful connection to the server
When connected, send a HTTP PUT request with the information about your feed
You'll need to calculate the length of the data you're sending. The length will be 8 bytes for the term "sensor1," plus the number of digits of the data. You'll create a new function named
getLength() in a moment to handle this information. Once calculated, send the length to the server, and the last pieces of the PUT.
Last, send the data to the server.
If the connection attempt was not successful, send a status message to the serial monitor, and disconnect from the server.
Update the time that the last connection, or attempt, happened before closing the function.
Create another function, named
getLength(), for determining the length of the data being sent in bytes.
Create a variable named
digits to hold the number of bytes. You know that there will always be at least one digit being sent.
To find the total number of digits to send, continually divide the value by ten, adding one to the digit count each time you divide, until you reach 0.
Return the number of digits and close the function.
loop, read the value from the analog sensor and store it in a local variable
If there are bytes available, read them and send them to the serial port.
Check for an active network connection. If there isn't one, but there was one last time through
loop(), then stop the client:
If there is no connection, and ten seconds have passed since the last connection, or connection attempt, then connect again and send data
Store the state of the connection for next time through
loop() and close it up.
Once your code is uploaded, open the serial monitor for debugging, and check your xively.com feed to see updates.


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Smithtown East softball player Morgan Catalanotto
Morgan Catalanotto, daughter of former MLB star Frank Catalanotto, is a softball player at Smithtown East.
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