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There's nothing more soothing and relaxing than a pleasantly exhaustive Yoga session. Indeed the ancient method to keep muscles and also skin fresh and in best shape is practiced by millions all over the world. Due to the universal aspect of these activities scientists demonstrated that the face can be just as successfully and profoundly trained with facial Yoga. Wrinkles and sagging skin as well as other skin problems might occur due to an inappropriate skin or body care. The first step towards a perfect complexion would be to fin... Read More


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Quote: Essentially, Lee felt that people had more confidence and faith in "systems" and styles than in themselves, thus the tendency to clinch to fixed forms, etc. I have experienced this myself with people who came to me wanting to learn Vunak's "RAT" system. It's really interesting.Now I'm not saying it isn't worth learning the RAT or anything else, but just to do so and leave it at that is to cling to a very rigid form.
Artifacts from the Ryukyu Kingdom missing since WWII.
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Asylum Images
Book presents photo tour of the Trans-Allegany Lunatic Asylum. A must if you're going to take a ghost tour!


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Sam Hornish Jr. NSCS Homestead Preview
November 11, 2008
Sam Hornish Jr. – No. 77 Mobil 1 Dodge Charger
Ford 400
Homestead-Miami Speedway
November 16, 2008
News and Notes
• Sam Hornish Jr., driver of the Penske Racing No. 77 Mobil 1 Dodge Charger, will make his second NASCAR Sprint Cup Series start at Homestead-Miami Speedway on Sunday in the Ford 400. Last year, Hornish made his second career Sprint Cup Series start at Homestead, finishing the race in 37th place.
• In the IndyCar Series, Hornish Jr. has a total of seven starts at Homestead-Miami Speedway, with a total of three wins, two pole positions and six top-five finishes.
• Hornish currently leads the 2008 Raybestos Rookie of the Year contest heading into the final race of the season. He has a three point lead over fellow contender Regan Smith (199 to 196).
• Hornish and the No. 77 Mobil 1 team remain 37th in the 2008 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series owner point standings, 101 points out of 35th place following the race at Phoenix International Raceway.
• Starting in 2009, the Auto Club of Southern California (AAA) will serve as a primary sponsor for select events on the Penske Racing No. 77 Dodge Charger driven by Hornish in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Hornish will debut the No. 77 Auto Club Dodge in February at the Auto Club 500 at Auto Club Speedway, Fontana, Calif. The motor club will also serve as primary sponsor of the No. 77 in Cup Series events at Kansas Speedway in October and Texas Motor Speedway in November.
2008 Season Highlights
Daytona 500: Hornish completed the banner day for Penske Racing as he guided the No. 77 Mobil 1 Dodge to a 15th-place result as the highest finishing rookie in the field. After starting in the 19th position, Hornish ran inside the top-10 for most of the race.
All-Star Race (Lowes): Hornish garnered attention by racing his way into the 2008 All-Star Race with a second-place in the Sprint Showdown. Hornish went on to secure a seventh-place finish after starting 23rd.
Coca-Cola 600 (Lowes): Leading the Penske Racing contingent at Lowe's and the top-finishing rookie of the race, Hornish started 20th and despite falling one lap down early on, worked his way back onto the lead lap, capturing a career-best 13th-place finish.
LifeLock 400 (Michigan): Qualifying for the 400-mile event was rained out with Hornish starting 35th. The No. 77 Mobil 1 Dodge was running strong and Hornish was able to pass leader Jimmie Johnson on lap 162 – his first green flag pass for the lead of a Sprint Cup Series event. He finished the race in 22nd place.
Chassis Chatter
PRS-584: The primary car for this weekend was raced by Hornish at Dover International Speedway in September. Hornish qualified 25th for the event and finished in 42nd place.
PRS-556: This weekend's backup car was last driven by Hornish at Texas Motor Speedway in April (finished 32nd) and in both events at Michigan International Speedway (finished 22nd in each race).
Sam Hornish Jr. on Homestead-Miami Speedway
"I've had success at Homestead-Miami Speedway in the IndyCar Series with two wins with the flat surface and one with the newer banking. I ran the 2007 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season-ending race at Homestead last year and feel that experience will really help is this weekend.
"At the beginning of the year, we set our goals for the season and we wanted to be Raybestos Rookie of the Year. You only have one opportunity to win Rookie of the Year so you want to go out there and try to do it and get that accomplished. I just feel like I've learned so much that regardless of what happens but it would definitely mean a lot for the whole team to win the title in Homestead."
Crew Chief Travis Geisler on Homestead-Miami Speedway
"Our Mobil 1 Dodge team has some important business to finish up this weekend in Homestead. With a three-point lead in the Raybestos Rookie of the Year battle we want to finish strong and secure the title for Sam, Mobil 1, and everyone that has worked so hard this season at Penske Racing.
"Homestead is a unique track that we only race at once a year. It is also the last track that the new car has not been raced yet. It is a fun track and I am sure you will see cars all over the track searching for the best line during the race. We have had good cars at the last four intermediate races and we look forward to finishing out the season with a solid run."
2008 Rookie-of-the-Year Standings
Pos. Driver Points
1. Sam Hornish Jr. 199
2. Regan Smith 196
3. Patrick Carpentier 182
4. Michael McDowell 169
5. Dario Franchitti 97


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Dec. 31, 2007
Head Coach Michelle Bento-Jackson
On tonight's game:
"We really challenged the team after Saturday's game and we couldn't have been happier with the way they responded to that challenge. They game out and played with intensity for all 40 minutes. We are truly proud of their effort."
On the points off the bench:
"They did not let up the momentum and intensity and that is what it is going to make us the better team. Both Claire and Nicole produced great scoring opportunities for us and we are excited for Kimee, Kathy and Maggie who played tremendous minutes for us."
On Elizabeth Doran's performance:
"Liz played within herself tonight and was very solid."
On Jen Gottschalk's rebounding:
"Tonight Jen was really focused on her defensive assignment and did not get a lot of touches. Yet, she had key rebounds for us in the few minutes that she did play."
On riding the six-game win streak into the New Year:
"We're going to watch a lot of film this week and have two very good practices later in the week to prepare for Bakersfield. It is going to be a very tough game."
Freshman Kathy Willinsky
On playing in her first collegiate game:
"It was really exciting and fun. Every game I hope for the opportunity to play and tonight was my night. It was even more special because my parents were able to see me play in my first college game."


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Bernard Gantmacher moved from the Ukraine to New York City in 1914, empty handed yet determined to succeed. He enrolled at Columbia University to train as a pharmacist and financed his studies by working night shifts in the Lower East Side Garment District. Whilst sewing shirt collars on these long shifts, Bernard discovered he was adept with a sewing machine and also met his future wife Rose, who was working as a button & buttonhole specialist.
The couple moved to New Haven, Connecticut in 1927, the centre of the booming textile industry. Bernard quickly set up a business as a sub-contractor making shirts for other companies, from this the GANT brand was born. GANT was soon recognised as a top shirt maker and partnered with some of the most notable brands of the time. GANT shirts were labelled with a diamond 'G' to convey to customers that they were getting that same high quality each time. The G-Shirt was soon so popular that demand far exceeded supply.
Bernard & Rose's sons Marty and Elliot joined the brand after the Second World War and launched the button down shirt to overnight success. The combination of Bernard's dedication to quality and his sons' sharp sense of style proved to be a winning formula, and over the years GANT has produced a range of innovative design features that have kept them at the height of clothing design. Their move into the exciting homeware industry began in 2010 and has proved extremely popular in this short time. With a key theme of classic Americana and bold embellishes such as stars, stripes & checks, the entire collection is a dedication to the brand's history of enduring high quality & timeless style.
29 matching products, priced from £ 12.50 to £ 185.00


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There's something I like about a photograph of a racing car in the rain.
Frank Gardner
John Surtess
Alan Hamilton
Alf Costanzo
John Harvey
Bob Muir
Frank Gardner
There are some quality issues with the photos, caused by me rushing home after practice,
processing the films in the oldies' laundry, & not washing them properly.
The result is a rash of annoying hypo stains, which held these shots back until these days of Photoshop,
which has allowed me to tidy up some of the better "images". (as we're now meant to call them!!)
Edited by lyntonh, 12 February 2012 - 07:30.


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Doug Squire
Forensic Supervisor
Evidence and Forensic Lab
office number 801-851-4014
The Utah County Sheriff's Office Evidence and Forensic Lab is a section of the Investigations Division. It consists of personnel who are dedicated and committed to serving the citizens of Utah County and is a support to other Law Enforcement agencies within Utah.
Personnel receive specialized training in forensics which include crime scene management, fingerprints, impression evidence, drug identification, trajectory, photography and many other disciplines of forensic science. Personnel conduct and give support training throughout Utah County. Personnel respond to all major cases of the Utah County Sheriff's Office and serve on the Utah County Officer Involved Shooting Protocol Team.
The Utah County Sheriff's Office has one of the most up to date evidence facilities in the State of Utah. It controls over 80,000 pieces of evidence at one time. Preserving and maintaining the integrity of the evidence for the prosecution of offenders.
For any other questions please contact the Investigations Division or contact us at the email address or phone number listed above.


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Starbucked wrote:Nice video explaining why Actornauts claim they can't see stars from LEO and what we SHOULD see from the I$$ if it wasn't sitting in a large swimming pool
allancw wrote:thanks, simon!
i'm going to keep this short and compose what i hope will be a relevant post for later today. it'll take a few hours to get it together.
for now: reading this forum, going back a looooong way, has been a revelation for me, as has been my private back and forth with you.
having said that, as you know i don't agree with everything you believe. however, you've launched me (no pun) into a whole new area - the video above being one example (thanks to Starbucked for posting it).
okay, more later. (i'm new to forums so expect some screw ups).
Welcome allan!
I would be really interested in what you don't agree with Simon on? I love your books by the way.
my instinctive reaction to your email is to think that you're avoiding the (to me) staggering implications, not just of the astronauts' lies, but of the imagery; for example, the NASA images that prove (even tho it's obvious) that stars are also absolutely photographable from low earth orbit. i show a frame (and there are others) wherein the sunlit side of the earth AND the stars are both exposed correctly.
Doesn't this mean that all the images of space as a 'deep black bottomless void starless bucket' blah blah are fabricated? It sure means that to me.
it makes no sense that they would fake all that imagery only to back up a lie told half a century ago (apollo). right? (in other words, say, erase the stars from otherwise real shots of the ISS, etc.)
After making the video i watched the Hubble documentary, narrated by Mr. Global Warming Himself, Lenny DiCaprio. All those IMAX space shots must, by logic, be fabricated. there is no more reason to believe in the ISS than there is in Apollo. in fact, with all the NASA footage of the 'black sky lie', there is less reason to believe it.
watch the end of that film. DeCaprio is telling us that the tracking shots (not zooms, be they optical or digital) through the endless galaxies are Hubble images; he is absolutely clear on this. this is an insult to the intelligence of every astronomer and every photographer on the planet!
Right? i mean don't we have to follow the evidence wherever it leads? '... whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth,' as you-know-who put it.
I won't quibble with the possibility about astronauts
lies totally contradicting cosmonauts about stars but
as somebody who know something about "overexposure";
the effect is to wash out everything and indeed could lead to
a velvety blackness IN PHOTOS - NOT with the naked eye
or at normal or low exposures.
So put that in you pipe and smoke it - I like this but you have to
get your facts straight or it'll just be more BS.
You know something about 'overexposure' do you?
i'll make your ignorance really simple: see the attached and explain how the the stars and the sunlit side of the earth could both be in correct exposure - as i say in the video 'in the same frame.' [note to SC: i don't know how to imbed a photo - it'd be the image from the video at about 7:45 in, showing the sunlit earth and stars in perfect exposure in the same frame]
you say:
indeed could lead to
a velvety blackness IN PHOTOS - NOT with the naked eye
or really, then why are our astronauts - four of them - claiming that WITH THEIR NAKED EYES they could not see stars?
our tax dollar paid astronauts are clearly LYING. if you don't see that, then you are more than rude in referring to my information as BS. that's just pure lack of critical thinking.
see attached and explain the NASA image, ms photographer.
allancw wrote:For now, here's one thing simon and i disagreed on. via a thought experiment, i asked him if we were on the moon and i had a 9mm pistol, would it be ok with him if i pointed it at him and pulled the trigger?
he said, no problem, the firearm wouldn't work.
i begged to differ.
and off we went.
Lol, yes - but on second thought, as you remember, i conceded that i may be wrong about that - being no firearms expert. What I was thinking was that gunpowder needs oxygen in order to explode - and that an explosion is basically a violent air-pressure displacement. Now, do we have any firearms experts on board? How exactly does the gunpowder interact with the surrounding air - if at all?
allancw wrote:
... the biggest, most transparent, most ridiculous lie that NASA has stuck itself with is the 'no stars visible in space' one. they've counted on the 'cameras can't pick up stars' lie since apollo but now they've got CURRENT astronauts saying they can't SEE stars. has anyone really tried to blow the whistle on this one?
allancw wrote:
...all i can say for now is that i showed that video to a couple 'civilians' and both of them agreed that the astronauts were LYING. that's a start. i may have made an error in the video by getting into imagery faking -- for the reasons you state. I mean that dumb.... woman who runs Hidden Knowledge TV started in with 'exposure' bullshit -- completely assbackwards, but your point is well taken.
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Ask 20 kids what love is and you'll probably get 20 very different answers. But ask them what Valentine's Day means and it's the same — candy hearts, boxes of chocolate, and sending cards to just about every kid in school.
More than cards and candies, Valentine's Day can also mean new emotions and weird feelings for kids. Here are some ways to help them manage these situations.
Many teachers ask their students to send valentines to everyone in the class so that no one is left out. At home, reinforce that sending cards to all classmates is a good way to make sure that everyone has a happy Valentine's Day.
Some kids might be afraid that sending valentines in bulk means that they're saying that they're in love with all 30 kids in the class. If kids feel uneasy about sending valentines for this reason or because they don't want to send a card to someone they don't get along with, try to find or make cards with jokes or friendly messages (like a simple "Happy Valentine's Day" rather than "Will you be mine?").
Your little Romeo isn't interested in sending valentines to the Juliets in his class? Reassure him that it's fine to let girls know that he likes them as friends and help him pick out or make suitable cards to get that message across.
Kids who are concerned that someone might be left out truly have the Valentine's Day spirit and a caring attitude. After praising your child for being so considerate, you can help make sure that no one will be left out of the fun by preparing cards for everyone in the class.
Some store-bought cards have messages that might not be appropriate for the young at heart. If your child gets a card that hints at a love interest, it's probably best to downplay your reaction. Teasing about or drawing attention to such cards will only make kids feel uneasy or embarrassed.
Your child came home with a light valentine bag and a heavy heart? This may be a good time to talk about quality versus quantity: It's not the number of valentines received that's important but their quality. Those cards are from true buddies, and that's what counts.
You can also consider starting a Valentine's Day family tradition. Presenting kids with a card, flower, or other small gift can help them feel appreciated and loved, and they'll always have something special to look forward to.
Bullies are bullies, on February 14 or any other day of the year. Explain to your kids that getting a nasty valentine doesn't mean that there's anything wrong with them — some kids just want to see if they can make other kids sad or angry. Tell your kids to just throw it away without giving the sender what he or she wanted — a reaction.
Reviewed by: Steven Dowshen, MD
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Source: http://lightbox.time.com/2014/01/06/from-t...
Photographs by non-Western photographers are featured prominently among the best documentary images of 2013. Taslima Akhter's haunting "Final Embrace," taken in the aftermath of the Rana Plaza garment factory collapse in Dhaka, Bangladesh, as well as a powerful Mosa'ab Elshamy photo from the violent Rabaa Square protests in Cairo both made TIME's Top 10 Photos of the Year. Meanwhile, EPA photojournalist Ali Ali's consistently strong images of daily life from the Gaza Strip earned him the distinction of being the most represented photographer in TIME's 365 gallery.
Although it has become more prevalent in recent years, the practice of regional photographers working for Western news organizations dates back decades. Here, TIME showcases work made over the past year by the aforementioned three, examining the wider context, evolution and issues that relate to regional photography.
"Once upon a time, there was a tendency to send Western photographers to cover breaking stories around the world," Santiago Lyon, AP's Director of Photography, tells TIME. "There was a view that foreign photographers spoke the language of photography in a way that was understood by the viewers and readers in the countries where the images were being published."
For many magazines, there was a certain cachet in having a French or American photographer tell a story.
"That said, there's a long tradition of working with local photographers," Lyon says. "When you look at what the AP did in Vietnam, it had a network of local stringers, some of whom, including Nick Ut, went on to make photographs that have remained in the collective memory."
Over the past four decades, shifts in technology have made working with regional photographers more viable. Before the advent of the Internet, getting a picture for a story was a complicated exercise involving film development, print-making and machinery designed to transmit images over the wires. Today, cameras are more advanced, with more automatic functions and digital-file transfer processes that make it easier to capture properly exposed, in-focus images and distribute them from the far corners of the world.
The digital revolution has also "leveled the playing field," Lyon says, "in that the spread of visual information meant that photographers all over could more easily see the work of great historical or contemporary photographers."
Regional threats to journalists' security, meanwhile, have also intensified. Photography is more readily viewed by interested parties who in turn attempt to control the flow of information through harassment and intimidation. While issues of safety affect all journalists, the local journalist has to remain in place, and many attacks in recent years have been on regional contributors.
With local photographers better equipped to provide quality imagery — and, in a sense, better able to blend in with their surroundings — increasingly budget-conscious news organizations employ them more and more often.
Working with local photographers not only saves money in the short-term, but can also provide significant long-term payoffs. News agencies and photography organizations like World Press Photo, for example, often train and mentor regional photographers, providing a bridge between established news outlets and fledgling practitioners of the craft.
"What larger organizations offer to local photographers is more than a financial transaction, but a dialog that improves their ability to communicate and tell stories effectively," Lyon says. "In Iraq [where five AP-trained regional photographers were part of the agency's 2005 Pulitzer-winning team] and more recently in Egypt, what attracted these photographers was that they were telling the story of their country in a powerful way."
Having a deeper connection to what one covers can also, however, be problematic.
"If a member of the Muslim Brotherhood is giving us photographs," Lyon says, "that would be problematic. If there is any doubt as to the provenance of an image or the circumstances under which it was taken, it can undermine our journalistic cause."
Susan Meiselas, Director of the Magnum Foundation, finds the work produced by photographers at or near their own home indispensable. Each year, a third of the foundation's Emergency Fund goes to regional photographers.
"I want to know from within what the world looks like and feels like," Meiselas says.
For a 1990 book she edited, Chile from within, for instance, Meisalas chose to compile the work of local Chilean photographers who bore witness to the turbulence and the military coup that convulsed their own country in the 1980s, instead of including her own photography.
"There are times when insiders have a privileged view and there are times when outsiders can see what insiders cannot perceive" says Meiselas. "It's not always a simple matrix."
Meiselas cites Taslima Akhter, a Magnum Foundation Fellow whose photograph from Rana Plaza affected us so deeply in 2013, as a case in point.
"Taslima was special," she says, "because of that very specific moment that she recognized [and photographed] and her deep connection to the conditions that led to that moment [the Tazreen factory fire in November 2012 and the Rana Plaza building collapse in April 2013]. She was already documenting there before the catastrophe, [before they were on international radar,] and she continues, as an activist and photographer, to document them in the aftermath and maintain that awareness."


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Kelly BrothersFinancial Expert
At various points in his 20-year broadcast career, Kelly Brothers has anchored the No. 1 evening newscast in Sacramento on KCRA 3 and the No. 1 morning news show on NewsTalk 1530 KFBK.
He is currently a partner in Genovese Burford & Brothers, a firm which specializes in wealth management and retirement plans, and has more than $1 billion under management. He is also the Financial Expert for both KCRA 3 and NewsTalk 1530 KFBK.
Kelly is a lifelong resident of Sacramento and has a BBA and MBA from the University of Notre Dame. He also did post-graduate work at the London School of Business.
Kelly and his wife Augusta have four children and reside in Carmichael.


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Here's a question
A question for everyone reading this: What can one buy to do the opposite of the slingbox. I have a wireless box that broadcasts my TV signal from Sky into my computer monitor/tv monitor in my office, but I want something that will broadcast a film I play on my desktop in my office onto the tv in the living room. And it has to be wireless, just to be difficult (although I could use powerline, I suppose)


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Two large, actively eroding gullies located a few miles apart in Amador Township are contributing tremendous loads of phosphorus and sediment to the St. Croix River. One gully (Gully A) includes a major agricultural gully, severe road erosion, and sediment deposits of a foot or more thick in a state park. The second gully (Gully B) is over 4 feet deep, adjacent to a road, and is an annual problem. Stabilizing these two gullies will greatly reduce the sediment and phosphorus loading to the St. Croix River, which will help meet the reduction goal of the Lake St.
Using a previous escarpment gully project as a model, the Chisago Soil and Water Conservation District will complete a similar inventory of actively eroding gullies along the Lower Sunrise River from the Kost Dam south to the confluence with the St. Croix, which includes the North Branch of the Sunrise, Hay Creek, and the Sunrise River main branch. There are major erosion issues along this stretch of river, no organized and efficient way to begin work in the area. The inventory report will provide the missing link.
The Chisago Soil and Water Conservation District has been successful in implementing Best Management Practices in certain targeted locations within the county, including the prioritized and assessed areas of Chisago City, Lindstrom, and Center City. However, there are many areas that want to implement conservation projects but aren't within targeted areas. This award will empower community partners, especially lake associations, to award grants for rain gardens, shoreline buffers, and other worthwhile projects to improve water quality.
The Chisago Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) has had such great success implementing gully stabilization projects along the St. Croix River escarpment that all of the current grant funding has been encumbered towards projects. Two large gully projects, one in the City of Taylors Falls and a second nearby in Interstate State Park, are lined up and ready to go as soon as funding is secured. Both of these gullies are large and have been actively eroding for many years, depositing large loads of sediment and phosphorus directly into the St. Croix River.
The purpose of this program is to engage community groups for the installation of community accessible rain gardens and other water quality best management practices in Ramsey County. The goal is to install 6-12 storm water best management projects that will help protect and improve water quality of surrounding lakes. The installed practices will reduce an estimated 10 acre-feet of storm water runoff, 9 pounds of phosphorous, and 3 tons of sediment annually. Significant measurable outputs, with development of long-term partnerships, are primary objectives for this program.
Goose, East and West Rush Lakes are not meeting state water quality standards due to excessive phosphorus. These are three of the worst lakes in Chisago County in terms of water quality, yet also some of the most heavily used lakes for recreation. The quality of the water in the St. Croix River is directly influenced by the poor quality water leaving East Rush, West Rush, and Goose Lakes.
Peer Engineering, Inc. (Peer) will evaluate and recommend to MPCA groundwater monitoring staff prospective sites/locations for the installation of groundwater monitoring wells to evaluate contaminant/pollutant concentrations from various sources. Peer will oversee the installation of monitoring wells by retaining a state drilling contractor or preparing bid documents to retain well driller through the Department of Administration. Superfund staff will assist in the project by providing oversight of contractual requirements and provide technical assistance as needed.
This project will provide condition monitoring and problem investigation monitoring at the following sites.
Mississippi River: Tributaries include Bassett Creek, Cannon River, Crow River, and Minnehaha Creek.
Minnesota River: Tributaries include Eagle Creek,Riley Creek, and Valley Creek tributary to the St. Croix River
This project will focus, on a sub-regional scale, on water quality improvements targeted at concentrated runoff flows generated from upstream, developed portions of the City of Forest Lake. This project will work to modify an existing wetland complex located in publicly owned Bixby Park of Forest Lake to increase water quality treatment potential and storage capacity. The project will also incorporate an innovative iron-enhanced sand filter which will remove dissolved phosphorus, resulting in a 206 pound/year reduction of phosphorous and a 27 tons/year removal of sediment.
In recent years, nutrient enrichment has occurred in Lake St. Croix due to increasing amounts of phosphorus entering the lake from the watershed. According to the TMDL, approximately half of the phosphorus-loading to Lake St. Croix is in the soluble form, and agriculture has been identified as one of the largest contributors of that phosphorus. In addition to the TMDL, subwatershed analyses were completed to identify, assess, and prioritize phosphorus-reducing practices in rural areas draining to Lake St. Croix in Washington County. This project will reduce phosphorus discharges to the St.
Bone Lake and upstream Moody Lake are the headwaters of the Comfort Lake-Forest Lake Watershed District northern flow network, and as such, their water quality sets the stage for downstream waters, particularly Comfort Lake, the Sunrise River, and ultimately Lake St. Croix. This project proposes the implementation of six wetland restorations located along the tributary identified as the single highest source of phosphorus loading to Bone Lake. These wetland restorations are estimated to reduce watershed phosphorus loads to Bone Lake by 50 pounds per year.
Brown's Creek is one of the few remaining cold water fisheries in the Metropolitan Area; however, it is impaired due to high suspended solids and high water temperatures. To understand the extensive and complex in-stream temperature and local climate data already collected by the Brown's Creek Watershed District, this grant will facilitate the development of a thermal model to determine thermal sources and cost-effective management projects and practices to reduce thermal loading to Brown's Creek.
The Watershed District is partnering with the City of Stillwater to reduce sediment and thermal loading to Brown's Creek from existing impervious gravel parking lot and paved roads to achieve Total Maximum Daily Load water quality goals in this reach of Brown's Creek.
The purpose of the project is to target the type and location of riparian vegetation restoration needed to shade three miles of unforested buffer on Brown's Creek, a metro area trout stream impaired for thermal and sediment loading. The project will conduct a riparian shading analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and modeling of restoration scenarios based on field measurements of shade in the unforested buffer of Brown's Creek.
Once thought to have an essentially inexhaustible groundwater supply, Minnesotans are now realizing our rates of use are regionally unsustainable. Recent advanced modeling by the MN DNR and Metropolitan Council of aquifer supplies, in conjunction with predicted demand, indicate the major metropolitan area aquifers are currently subject to extraction rates that exceed recharge. Simply stated, we are mining our groundwater.
This project addresses the identified need for an Implementation Plan that provides an overall roadmap for the effort it will take to meet the Carnelian Marine St. Croix Multi-Lakes Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). An Implementation Plan will be developed, with involvement of the Project Partners and stakeholder groups, that sets forth prioritized strategies for attaining the TMDL and a method for tracking the progress of those efforts. The Implementation Plan will be restoration-focused, but will include protection-oriented information/actions as well.
This project will implement watershed load reduction practices to restore the top priority water body in the Carnelian Marine St. Croix Watershed District in northeast Washington County. Recently completed prioritization and targeting efforts have identified several Best Management Practice opportunities around goose Lake, the number one priority for implementation practices.
Continued TMDL project to support next phases associated with completion of TMDL's for ten lakes in the Carnelian Marine Saint Croix Watershed District (CMSCWD). Ten lakes are; East Boot, Fish, Goose, Hay, Jellum's, Long, Loon, Louise, Mud and South Twin.
In 2010, Legislation allocated Clean Water Fund (CWF) dollars to the Anoka Conservation District to initiate an 11 county metro subwatershed assessment program. The purpose of subwatershed assessments is to improve water quality, increase groundwater recharge and reduce runoff volumes. These goals are achieved by identifying opportunities in the subwatersheds most contributing to the degradation of the high priority water bodies and developing designs for Best Management Practices (BMPs) that treat stormwater runoff.
This project is for Cycle 2 of the Intensive Watershed Monitoring (IWM) process for the Lower St. Croix Watershed. Seven stream sites will be monitored by the Isanti Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD), Anoka Conservation District, and Chisago SWCD. Sampling will be conducted in 2019 and 2020 and Chemistry and field observation data will be taken.
This project will install new stormwater treatment practices in neighborhoods directly draining to Coon Lake. The objective is to remove phosphorus, which fuels algae growth, before the water is discharged into the lake. Seventeen potential project sites have been identified and ranked and include curb-cut rain gardens, swales, stabilizing stormwater discharge points, and a basin outlet modification.
In 2011, the Chisago Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) received a Clean Water Fund (CWF) grant to inventory active gully erosion sites along the St. Croix River from the Wild River State Park entrance south to the Chisago/Washington county line. This inventory is now being used to contact landowners with active and severe gully erosion to begin the process of developing a plan correct the problems using Best Management Practices (BMPs).
The Contractor will assist in planning and executing the regular meetings of the St. Croix River Basin Team, including providing minutes of the meetings. Assist in the functioning of the priority issue subcommittees. Respond to public notices for re-issuances of NPDES permits, EAWs and other pertinent public notices, and participate in prioritized public meetings with local governmental units and water planning organizations.
This project will address impairments in the St. Croix, Kettle and Snake River Watersheds by reducing sediment and phosphorus delivery by encouraging private forest landowners within the St. Croix River Watershed in Pine County to re-establish riparian forest buffers, maintain existing riparian buffers and plant de-forested areas. It will develop a forest stewardship program and write forest stewardship plans in watersheds with the highest risk of impacts on water quality as listed by the Minnesota Forest Resources Council. This project will implement measures to achieve the St.
This project will improve water quality, reducing phosphorus annually by 1,842 in the St. Croix, Kettle and Snake River Watersheds in Pine County by establishing cover crops to reduce erosion and phosphorus/fertilizer applications, increase soil fertility, permeability, and microbe activity. A no-till drill will be purchased for use by agricultural producers for installing cover crops as a means of decreasing soil erosion, reducing phosphorus and fertilizer applications and increasing soil health.
This project will identify and compile existing nitrate data from groundwaters and surface waters in the Lower Mississippi Basin (LMB) generally and focus on the Root River Watershed. The purpose is to investigate the quantity and quality of existing nitrate data, and to organize it for use in comprehensive watershed strategy development (including assessment, TMDL computation and identification and study of nitrate sources and delivery mechanisms).
Chisago County will coordinate up to three community dialogue meetings to inform its water planning decisions. The goal of the meetings will be to provide safe, productive and effective venues for citizens to become authentically engaged in the water planning process. The outcome of this Civic engagement work with Chisago County and their county water planning process will be a more engaged public in the County Water Planning Process.
This project will support the necessary activities for improving the water quality and biological community by reducing nutrients, sediment levels and managing in-stream habitat within the Goose Creek 10-digit HUC Watershed. This restoration and protection plan will identify pollutant load reduction estimates and management strategies that will be used to obtain the TMDL goals outlined in the plan.
This project will complete a Watershed Restoration and Protection Plan for the Lower St. Croix River that provides quantitative pollutant load reduction estimates and a set of pollutant reduction and watershed management strategies to achieve water quality standards for all impairments within the watershed, and that are understood and adoptable by local units of government and other stakeholders.
This project will support the development of whole farm conservation plans for ten (10) agricultural producers within the Sunrise River Watershed. The conservation plans will be used by the farmer and the Chisago SWCD to develop an action plan to address the resource concerns identified as part of the AgEQA program. The overall goal of the program is to prioritize conservation practices that will improve the overall water quality of the Sunrise River.
This project will develop and organize a first- stage civic infrastructure pilot in Kanabec County, within the membership of the PICKM (Pine, Isanti, Chisago, Kanabec, and Mille-Lacs) Alliance, and with other organizations in the St. Croix Basin. The work will be grounded in the need for sustainable citizen engagement in water quality management. Civic leaders participating in this project will build their own skills for organizing people and working in partnership with Kanabec County SWCD staff and the St. Croix Basin Team to achieve water quality goals.
This project will construct, calibrate, a set of HSPF watershed models covering the entire area of the Lake of the Woods drainage, including the Rainy River watershed. The consultant will produce HSPF models that can readily be used to provide information to support conventional parameter TMDLs. The consultant will clearly demonstrate that these models generate predicted output timeseries for hydrology which are consistent with available sets of observed data.
TMDL project in the Chisago Lakes Lake Improvement District that will develop a watershed based plan and provide strategies for water quality and aquatic ecosystem management, restoration, and protection within Sunrise River Watershed. This project will also aid in understanding the Phosphorus loading to Lake St. Croix.
This project will provide baseline data through water monitoring, recording and analyzing the results of six unassessed rivers/tributaries, three unassessed lakes and five storm water outlets in the city of Mora which drain to the Snake River; promote and implement approved BMP's.
Implementation activities proposed as a part of this project include water quality monitoring, biotic surveys, sediment core sampling, mechanical treatment of curly-leaf pondweed (in accordance with regulations and permitting), an iron-enhanced sand filter, with a high capacity multi-stage outlet weir and 40,000 pounds of iron filings and stakeholder involvement in the design process and educational presentations.
The Discovery Farms program is a farmer-led effort to gather information on soil and nutrient loss on farms in different settings across Minnesota. The mission of Discovery Farms Minnesota is to gather water quality information under real-world conditions.
This feasibility study will produce strategies for wetland restoration and ditch hydrology changes to reduce the amount of phosphorus and solids that drain into Typo and Martin Lakes, the Sunrise River and St. Croix River. Total Maximum Daily Loads and other plans have identified this area as key for pollutant reduction, and the study will determine scope and effects of potential projects, allowing the district to prioritize those that will have the great impact on water quality.
The Drinking Water Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) program identifies environmental contaminants for which current health-based standards currently do not exist or need to be updated, investigate the potential for human exposure to these chemicals, and develop guidance values for drinking water. Contaminants evaluated by CEC staff include contaminants that have been released or detected in Minnesota waters (surface water and groundwater) or that have the potential to migrate to or be detected in Minnesota waters.
The goal of this project is to adapt and expand the existing successful Master Water Stewards program to engage citizens and catalyze clean water projects in suburban, exurban and rural communities of Washington and southern Chisago Counties. As part of this project, 20 citizens' stewards will be recruited and trained to work in partnership with the Washington Conservation District and area watershed management organizations to implement clean water projects in identified priority areas.
The focus of this project will be on protection efforts to maintain or improve the water quality of Forest Lake by reducing phosphorus loads to the lake, especially from storm water. The two main objectives of this project are to compile and make minor updates to a large body of diagnostic work that already exists for Forest Lake, and to develop a comprehensive, site-specific implementation plan for best management practices (BMPs).


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Ahhh...the old "Shakespeare wasn't Shakespeare" conspiracy theory, the one that contends that William Shakespeare was an illiterate buffoon with barely enough brains to act, and lacking the requisite worldliness to run for dogcatcher. Right now, somewhere in America there is no doubt at least one grad students arguing that it was in fact Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford, who actually wrote the plays we credit to The Bard. This continues despite the fact that "among Shakespeare scholars, the idea has roughly the same currency as the faked moon landing does among astronauts." Nonetheless, it's certainly entertaining fodder for film. But good fodder doesn't always make for good films.
Screenwriter John Orloff cleverly takes the plots of several of "Shakespeare's plays" to reverse engineer the storyline for "Anonymous," which when played forward make it appear as though de Vere's life experiences were the source for "Richard III" and the like. And all this is tied into Queen Elizabeth's struggle to choose a successor, a decision she confronts with the council of Robert Cecil, who helped raise de Vere after he was orphaned. Unfortunately, the whole story gets a lot twistier, as the plot Orloff concocts is even more absurd, convoluted and unlikely than Shakespeare at his most ridiculous. This would be fine if Orloff shared Shakespeare's gift for dialogue, but not even Mrs. Orloff's believes he does.
More absurd still is the implication that de Vere began writing "A Midsummer Night's Dream" when he was about 12 himself, and that his writing became a dark secret he kept hidden from disapproving Protestant eyes. More incredibly still, as Orloff tells it, de Vere kept a stack of unpublished and unproduced plays laying around his office and started leaking them anonymously as it suited his political gamesmanship. This is all maybe a bit sexier than the Shakespeare story we've been fed all our lives, but it's no more probable.
And this being a film directed by Roland Emmerich, you can be sure there's going to be explosions, but there aren't nearly enough. A look at Emmerich's filmography—"2012," "The Day After Tomorrow," "Godzilla"—makes it plain that palace intrigue and political machinations are not his strong suit, devices on which "Anonymous" rightly relies upon.
The cast is filled with impressive actors— Rhys Ifans as de Vere, David Thewlis as William Cecil, Joely Richardson and Vanessa Richardson in a clever bit of casting as Queen Elizabeth young and old. Unfortunately, Mark Rylance, probably the greatest Shakespearean stage actor of his generation, plays Condell, one of the players. Watching Rylance tease every bit of nuance, comedy and power from "Richard III" or "Henry V" is so engrossing that cutting away back to the action of the film feels like a huge letdown every time.
For a film built on such a bold premise—that Shakespeare is the greatest literary fraud in the history of the written word--"Anonymous" is a dispiritingly limp affair.


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Spiced Apple Juice Recipes
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Cranberry Apple Cider
11.18.09 by Jackie
Cranberries and apples are a great flavor combination. In the past, I've made a cake and stuffing with this dynamic duo that both turned out wonderfully. I usually make a large pot of hot apple cider for Thanksgiving, but I thought this year it would be fun to add fresh cranberries to the drink.
The tartness of the cranberries is a nice foil to the apple cider spices. And the color is a glorious crimson, which is perfect for the season. I couldn't think of a better cure for the absolutely freezing weather we've been having here (which in the Bay Area means a 65°F daytime temperature). Don't laugh; last night it got down to 40°F!
Full Recipe...


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New initiatives for entrenched challenges
Advanced analytics are driving social services breakthroughs
Cognitive government
Enabling the data-driven economy in the cognitive era
The next generation of buildings
Transformative capabilities make our structures more intelligent
Analyzing the future of cities
The world is moving to cities, fast and for the long term. In a cognitive era, cities themselves are moving: evolving, ever-changing, not fixed on a marked destination. We are at an important point in that evolution, as new forces emerge and combine to create new ways for cities to work.
Social media flourishes in this environment, revolutionizing the way leaders interact with citizens. The data that drives the smarter city must be secure, to safely fuel unhindered progress.
As national governments increasingly focus on national issues, cities must take greater advantage of the most advanced technologies to update service delivery. New business models target the creation of radical new efficiencies for long-standing challenges.
Cognitive computing and its capacity for building citizen engagement introduces fresh opportunities for government organizations to improve citizens' lives and the business environment, deliver personalized experiences, and optimize program and service outcomes.
Innovative cities stories
Ready for disaster
Intelligent Operations Center for proactive planning
Efficiency on campus
Smarter buildings for an institute of higher learning
It's all about people
Transforming client services on the social care continuum
Planning and management
Long-term insights based on comprehesive data analysis, followed up through efficient daily management, help a city stay vital and safe for its citizens and businesses.
Fundamental services—such as roadways, mass transit and utilities—make a city desirable and livable, but the key to keeping them viable is readiness for constant change.
Smarter cities use the system of systems to their advantage when supporting the needs of each citizen through social programs, healthcare and education.


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Dozens of activists who favor alternatives to incarceration rallied at the State Capital Tuesday before Governor Brown and several legislative leaders released their plan.
They say Brown's proposal goes about reducing the number of inmates in the state in the wrong way.
"There are clear viable alternatives to reduce the prison population including, compassionate release, including expanding good time credits," says Zachary Norris, Director of the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights. "So it's a false choice that the Governor is making."
For his part, Senate President Pro Tem Darrell Steinberg favors a mental health and substance abuse treatment approach over efforts to expand prison capacity.


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Gant: Infringing on religious freedoms
Harold and Catherine Gant, Silverthorne
Some conservatives have managed to turn the concept of religious freedom on its head. By denying employers, such as Hobby Lobby, the right to impose their religious beliefs and practices, about contraception, on their employees who may have different beliefs, the employers complain their religious freedom is being infringed. Now we have Morgan Liddick ranting that to permit civil unions would somehow infringe upon the religious freedom of some Christians. How about allowing some freedom of religion to those whose religious beliefs permit civil unions and/or contraception?
Harold and Catherine Gant, Silverthorne
Start a dialogue, stay on topic and be civil.
If you don't follow the rules, your comment may be deleted.


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Chemical reaction: It takes more than molecules
The background
When Joshua,* a UVA fourth-year majoring in biology and chemical engineering, signed up for the BDC last December, Matchmaker knew she had her work cut out for her.
Not that Josh isn't a catch. Really, who wouldn't want to date someone whose life's ambitions include winning a Nobel Peace Prize and saving the world? But considering Josh's undying love for his neuroscience research, Matchmaker felt she had to find him someone who could keep up in a brainy conversation.
It took a few months to find the type of girl Matchmaker had in mind, but here's hoping that third-year bio whiz Meghan was worth the wait...
*names have been changed
The date
Meghan and Josh met up for dinner at Bashir's on the Downtown Mall.
Did you do anything out of the ordinary before the date, to plan for it?
Meghan: No.
Josh: Well, I got a haircut, which I don't normally do before dates.
What did you wear?
Meghan: Jeans with slouchy black boots over them, a hot pink longer top, a military-inspired jacket, and a black pashmina. Also big earrings.
Josh: A French blue shirt, an orange tie, black belt, and tan khakis.
Were you first or second to arrive?
Meghan: Second.
Were you nervous?
Meghan: I'm always a bit nervous before blind dates.
Josh: I started to get a little edgy. I couldn't figure out where to put my hands.
When did you calm down?
Meghan: As soon as I walked into the restaurant.
Josh: I felt better when I realized we were so involved in our conversation that the waitress had to come back twice before we were ready to order.
First impression:
Meghan: He was well-dressed and seemed polite.
Josh: Cute, well-dressed, although she had these crazy high-heeled cowboy boots. I mean, I generally don't notice women's shoes, but these were exceptional. Not that they looked bad, I had just never seen anything like them before.
Would you say this person was your type?
Meghan: I don't really have a type.
Josh: I don't really have a type; a good person is a good person.
How did you like their style?
Meghan: I liked the fact that he was dressed nicely.
Josh: For the most part I liked it, though I'd have to say she's more adventurous than I am.
At Bashir's
Had you been to the restaurant before?
Meghan: No.
Josh: Nope, but one of my professors had recommended it.
Did you order drinks?
Meghan: No.
Josh: Just water. I want to be a liver surgeon; it'd be a little weird if I drank a lot.
What did you have to eat?
Meghan: We both had an entrée, but no appetizers or dessert.
Did you share meals?
Josh: We ordered the same thing, so it'd be a little weird if we had.
How was the food?
Meghan: Our meals were on one big plate with many small samplings of food around it. The hummus was great.
Josh: I liked it a lot. Each part was very well done.
How was the service in the restaurant?
Meghan: Great.
Josh: Amazing. My glass of water never went below half-full.
How was the conversation?
Meghan: Really good. There weren't any awkward silences.
Josh: Excellent. We really had very little time when we weren't talking. I felt like it was kind of strained at some points but not a lot– maybe 20 minutes total.
What did you talk about?
Meghan: What we are studying in school, what we want to do when we graduate, the different places we have lived.
Josh: Everything. Why we both hate pre-meds, scientific research, travel.
Did you have a lot in common?
Meghan: Yes, we're both on the medical track in school, and we've both lived in India.
What did you find out that was interesting about this person?
Meghan: He's an expert skier.
Josh: I was born in India, yet she has lived there longer than I have.
What was your date's best characteristic?
Meghan: He's very charismatic and easy to talk to.
Josh: There was no one thing that stood out. I guess she was pleasant all-around.
Was there anything you really disliked?
Meghan: The only thing was that he talked a lot about his science research, and sometimes it's nice to talk about things other than school, work, etc.
Josh: No, I don't think so.
Did your date do anything that impressed you?
Josh: I was impressed that she lived in India longer than I had. Also, her parents' jobs were pretty cool (teacher and CIA agent).
Any awkward moments?
Josh: At one point, not all the food in my fork got in my mouth. It was momentarily awkward, at least for me. She didn't seem to care that much.
Was there "chemistry" between you?
Meghan: Not that I recall.
Josh: As someone with a minor in chemistry, you really need more molecules to have any reaction. In other words, it wasn't the "love at first sight" kind of chemistry, but we got along well.
–We'll take your word for it, Josh...–MM
How did dinner end?
Meghan: We went outside and walked down the Downtown Mall because a friend of mine was picking me up, and he was headed to West Main café to meet up with people.
Josh: We finished everything on our plates. This is a weird question.
–That was a weird response!
A hug? A kiss?
Meghan: A hug.
What was the VERY end like?
Josh: I asked her if she wanted to do this again, and she said, "Yeah sure."
Did you have fun?
Meghan: Yes.
Josh: Yes.
Did you make plans for a second date?
Meghan: No.
Josh: We decided it would be a good idea, but we didn't pick a place or time.
Overall experience?
Meghan: It was really fun. It was nice to meet someone new and hang out with him over a nice dinner and with good conversation.
Josh: An enjoyable two hours.
On a scale of 1-10, how would you rate the date?
Meghan: 7
Josh: 8


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Find us on:
60 Cutter Mill Road
Suite 404Great Neck, NY 11021
1-800-829-8289 (Voice - Toll-free)516-829-0091 (Voice)516-487-6930 (FAX)
The Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (formerly NARSAD, the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression) is private, not-for-profit public charity 501(c)(3) organized for the purpose of raising and distributing funds for scientific research into the causes, cures, treatments and prevention of severe psychiatric brain disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and anxiety disorders like obsessive-compulsive and post-traumatic stress disorders. NARSAD seeks and receives contributions from individuals, families, foundations and corporations for the support of its research programs, its educational symposia and publications.
Wednesday, Oct 14, 2015
Language Assistance Available


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Having just a shower in NYC, I miss my large Spanish bath and the tsunamis that sometimes ensued inside. Maybe that's why I got all glassy-eyed when I saw this beautiful Infinity Bath and its custom waterproof touchscreen.
From the screen you can control everything: Aromatherapy settings, water temperature, music and hydro-massage modes. All while my entire body is covered with water and I can play submarine. I wish it was more than a design concept, and that I were inside one right now with my favourite companion: My shiny ducky. [Behance]


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Prices do not include additional fees and costs of closing, including government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any dealer documentation fees, any emissions testing fees or other fees. All prices, specifications and availability subject to change without notice. Prices may or may not include Factory Rebates. Contact dealer for most current information.
Find a great sale price on this 2019 Kia Sorento L FWD at Jerry Smith Kia in Burlington WA. This 2019 Kia Sorento is located at our dealership in Burlington. We also serve the cities of Mount Vernon and Everett. So if you're looking for a great price on this 2019 Kia Sorento L FWD or just looking to get an auto loan for the vehicle you want... you've come to the right place! Jerry Smith Kia.
Please fill in the form and click submit. Required fields (*).


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This information is produced and provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. For the most current information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the Internet web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER.
Note: Separate PDQ summaries on Oral Cancer Screening; Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment; and Cigarette Smoking: Health Risks and How to Quit are also available.
Who is at Risk?
People who use tobacco in any of the commonly available forms (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco) or have high alcohol intake are at elevated risk of oral cancer; and they are at particularly high risk if they use both tobacco and alcohol. People who chew betel quid (whether mixed with tobacco or not)—a common practice in south central Asia and Melanesia—are also at high risk. Individuals with persistent oral infection by carcinogenic strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) are also at increased risk. People with chronic sun exposure are at elevated risk of lip cancer, particularly on the lower lip.
Factors associated with increased risk of oral cancer
Tobacco use
Based on solid evidence from numerous observational studies, tobacco use causes cancers of the lip, oral cavity, and oropharynx.[1,2,3] Smoking avoidance and smoking cessation result in decreased incidence and mortality from oral cancer.
Magnitude of Effect: Large (most cancers of the oral cavity are attributable to the use of tobacco products).
Alcohol use
Based on solid evidence, alcohol use is an independent risk factor for the development of oral cancer.[4,5,6,7]
Magnitude of Effect: Lower than the risk associated with tobacco use, but the risk is approximately doubled for people who drink three to four alcoholic beverages per day compared to nondrinkers, and is dose related.
Oral cancer risk is highest in persons using both alcohol and tobacco compared with those using one or the other.
HPV infection
Based on solid evidence, there is a strong association between oral HPV infection and oral cancer, particularly HPV type 16.[8,9,10,11] Given the known causal association between HPV infections and cancer of the cervix, the established strong association between infection by carcinogenic strains of HPV and oral cancer may also be causal.
Magnitude of Effect: Not well quantified. It accounts for a small but increasing proportion of oral cancers.
Sun exposure
Based on fair evidence, carcinoma of the lip, predominantly the lower lip, is associated with sun exposure.[12,13,14]
Magnitude of Effect: Not well quantified due to wide confidence intervals.
Interventions Associated With a Decreased Risk of Oral Cancer
Avoidance of tobacco
Based on solid evidence, avoidance or cessation of exposure to tobacco (e.g., cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco) would lead to a decrease in oral cancer.
Magnitude of Effect: Decreased risk, moderate to large magnitude.
Interventions With Inadequate Evidence as to Whether They Reduce the Risk of Oral Cancer
Avoidance of alcohol
Although alcohol use is a risk factor for oral cancer and, by inference, its avoidance would lead to fewer cases, there is inadequate empiric evidence that cessation of alcohol use decreases the risk of oral cancer.
Magnitude of Effect: Decreased risk, moderate magnitude.
Avoidance of HPV infection
Although infection with specific carcinogenic strains of HPV is a risk factor for (and likely causes) a subset of oral cancers and, by inference, its avoidance would lead to fewer cases, there is inadequate empiric evidence that strategies to avoid infection decrease the risk of oral cancer.
Magnitude of Effect: Not defined.
Dietary factors
There is inadequate evidence to determine whether a change in diet would decrease the risk of oral cancer.
Magnitude of Effect: Not applicable (N/A).
Sun avoidance and sunscreen use
There is inadequate evidence to determine whether reducing sun exposure or use of sunscreens would prevent lip cancer. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Skin Cancer Prevention for more information about sun avoidance and sunscreen use for prevention of skin cancer.)
Magnitude of Effect: N/A.
Incidence and mortality
Over the period from 2004 to 2008, the estimated incidence of oral cancer in the United States was 10.6 cases per 100,000 persons per year. The most recent estimated mortality rate (from 2003–2007) was 2.5 per 100,000 persons per year. U.S. incidence and mortality rates are about 2.5 and 2.8 times higher, respectively, in men than women.[1] It is estimated that there will be 40,250 new cases of oral cancer diagnosed in the United States in 2012 and 7,850 deaths due to this disease.[2] The estimated age-standardized (World Standard Population) worldwide incidence and mortality rates of oropharyngeal cancer in 2008 were 5.9 and 3.3 per 100,000 persons per year, respectively.[3] Primarily due to differences in tobacco and alcohol use, there is wide variation in rates across the world.[4] South central Asia and Melanesia have particularly high rates of oral cancer attributable to betel quid chewing, and Australia has a high rate of lip cancer attributed to solar irradiation.
Oral cancer can be divided into three clinicopathological categories: carcinoma of the lip vermillion, carcinoma of the oral cavity proper, and carcinoma of the oropharynx.
Squamous cell carcinoma, which arises from the oral mucosal lining, accounts for more than 90% of the tumors in the oral cavity and oropharynx. Other types of primary tumors arising in this area include lymphoma, sarcoma, melanoma, and minor salivary gland tumors. In the Western world the most common locations of tumor development are the tongue and floor of the mouth; however, in parts of the world where tobacco or betel quid chewing is prominent, cancers of the retromolar trigone and buccal mucosa are common. Oral squamous cell carcinomas are sometimes preceded by oral preneoplastic lesions, which are often present as visible alterations of the mucosal surface and include leukoplakia and erythroplakia.[5]
The most important factor affecting long-term outcome after treatment is the stage of disease at diagnosis; however, overall outcome is stage and site dependent. Although early-stage tumors (without lymph node involvement) have an excellent anticipated 5-year survival rate (about 82%), the 5-year survival rates for patients with regional lymph node spread or metastases are only about 56% and 34%, respectively.[1] Some or all of the differences in prognosis among disease stages may be due to lead-time bias rather than a benefit of early detection and treatment. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Cancer Screening Overview for more information.)
Risk Factors
Tobacco use is responsible for more than 90% of tumors of the oral cavity among men and 60% among women,[6] and is responsible for 90% of oral cancer deaths in males.[7] All forms of tobacco—cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco—have been implicated in the development of oral cancers.[8] While tobacco confers the highest risk for cancer of the floor of the mouth,[9] it is associated with an increased risk for all sites of oral cancer.
Tobacco use is known to cause "field cancerization" resulting in a propensity for development of second primary tumors in patients with oral cancer. Case reports have also implicated marijuana smoking as a cause of oral cancer, particularly in younger patients.[10]
Alcohol use is a second independent major risk factor for the development of oral cancer.[11,12,13,14] There is a suggestion that beer and hard liquor confer a greater risk than wine.[11] The risk of oral cancer increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per day in a dose-dependent fashion.[11] The combined use of alcohol and tobacco increases the risk for oral cancer far greater than either independently. Alcohol use has been shown to be an independent risk factor for development of oral premalignant lesions (leukoplakia or erythroplakia), which can progress to cancer.[15]
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
There is an association between HPV and oral cancer, particularly HPV type 16 as shown in multiple case-control studies.[16,17,18,19,20,21,22] HPV 16 accounts for 90% to 95% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal tumors, but other high-risk subtypes include 18, 31, 33, and 35.[20] The mechanism of HPV in the etiology of oral cancers may be related to its oncoproteins E6 and E7, which bind to and trigger the degradation of the p53 and pRB tumor suppressor proteins, respectively. HPV accounts for a relatively small proportion of oropharyngeal cancers compared to tobacco and alcohol. However, the rates of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers appear to be increasing.[20,23]
Carcinoma of the lip, predominantly on the lower lip, occurs in approximately 3,600 persons per year. Epidemiologically, these tumors behave akin to squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, and most are related to sun exposure, although chronic direct exposure to tobacco (i.e., the location where a pipe or cigarette is habitually held) is also associated with an increased risk of carcinoma of the lip.[24,25,26] Men have a higher risk of lip cancer than women. This has been attributed to tobacco use, greater occupational exposure to sunlight among men, and possibly due to the shielding effect of lipstick in women.[24]
Avoidance and cessation of tobacco use
The cessation of cigarette smoking is associated with a 50% reduction of risk of developing oral cancer within 3 to 5 years [27] and a return to a normal level of risk for development of oral cancer within 10 years.[11] Dentists and other health professionals can play an integral role in smoking cessation advice and encouragement.
Dentists can also participate in the full scope of pharmacological and behavioral interventions for smoking cessation.[28] A study has shown that only 25% of tobacco users report receiving advice to quit tobacco use from their dentist,[29] a proportion less than that received from their physician. There was a dramatic increase in the use of cigars of about 250% during the period between 1993 and 1998 [30] and heavy cigar use is particularly associated with oral cancer development.
Interventions With Inadequate Evidence as to Whether They Reduce Risk of Oral Cancer
Alcohol avoidance and cessation
Because alcohol is associated with oral cancer in a dose-dependent fashion,[9,11,31,32] it is believed that cessation or avoidance of alcohol would result in a lower incidence of oral cancer. The evidence is inadequate, however, of reduced oral cancer among people who have stopped consuming alcohol.
Association with HPV 16–positive squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is independently associated with several measures of sexual behavior, including number of self-reported oral sex partners, and exposure to marijuana, but not with cumulative measures of the usual risk factors of tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and poor oral hygiene.[16,33] Additionally, marijuana use may interact with high-risk HPV infection to promote SCCHN. Direct evidence is not available to determine if restricting these exposures will impact overall incidence or outcome of oral cancer.
Dietary changes and dietary supplements
Several studies have shown an inverse association of fruit intake and the development of oral cancer, particularly in those who use tobacco.[9,31,34,35,36] Fiber, in the form of vegetable intake, has similarly been shown to be associated with a decreased risk of oral cancer. It is estimated that intake of fruits and vegetables may lower the risk of development of oral cancer by 30% to 50%.[34,37] The evidence is inadequate, however, of reduced oral cancer among people who have made changes in their diet.
Dietary supplementation with alpha-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) 50 mg per day and beta carotene 20 mg per day has been tested in a large randomized placebo-controlled 2 × 2 factorial trial of 29,133 male smokers aged 50 to 69 years.[38] After a median follow-up of 6.1 years, there were a total of 65 incident oropharyngeal cancers, with no statistically significant differences between the placebo and the active agents, whether alone or in combination. Moreover, in the same trial, beta carotene was associated with increased lung cancer incidence and mortality.
The majority of cases of carcinoma of the lip occur on the lower lip, which has greater sun exposure than the upper lip. While tobacco has been strongly associated with lip cancer, sun exposure may be a factor as well. Sunscreen use has been associated with a lower incidence of skin cancers [39,40] and thus may lower the incidence of lip cancer. In a study of women in Los Angeles, a decreased risk of lip cancer was found to be associated with the daily use of lip protection (mostly colored lipstick).[24] Lip balm with sun protection is widely available.
Secondary Prevention
Agents for the reversal or prevention of recurrence of oral lesions that sometimes progress to cancer have been evaluated, with equivocal results. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) [41] found a protective effect of fenretinide against development of relapsed and new leukoplakias during 1 year of fenretinide treatment. The study had insufficient power to determine the effect on oral cancer incidence due to premature closure of the study. Other agents have been investigated for treatment of oral premalignant lesions.[42,43,44,45,46,47] None have been proven to prevent progression to oral malignancy, and none can be considered part of standard care.
A systematic Cochrane group literature review summarized randomized trials of either surgical (excision, laser ablation, or cryotherapy) or nonsurgical interventions for the treatment of oral leukoplakia.[48] Despite the fact that surgery is the most common therapy for oral leukoplakia, there were no studies of this modality with untreated controls for comparison. Nine randomized trials of medical interventions met inclusion criteria, and only two were judged to have a low risk of study bias. Only two (studying topical bleomycin, oral vitamin A, or oral beta carotene) reported malignant transformation as an endpoint, and neither showed a difference between the active treatment and control study groups. All of the studies had short follow-up relative to the natural progression rate of leukoplakia; the mean follow-up was no longer than 15 months. Although intermediate endpoints, such as clinical response, were reported in seven of the trials, none of these endpoints has been validated as predictive of malignant transformation.
Several agents have been studied for the prevention of second cancers in patients previously treated for SCCHN, including oropharyngeal cancer. High-dose isotretinoin (50–100 mg/m² orally per day for 12 months) was compared to placebo in a small study of 103 such patients.[49,50] Overall survival and incidence of recurrence of the primary tumors were similar in both treatment groups. There was a statistically significant decrease in rate of second head and neck cancers in the isotretinoin group, but isotretinoin toxicity was substantial, making the use of this agent impractical at these doses. To mitigate this toxicity, low-dose isotretinoin (30 mg orally per day for 3 years) was subsequently tested in a placebo-controlled randomized trial of 1,190 patients with head and neck cancer, but there was no decrease in incidence of second primary tumors at this dose.[51] Likewise, vitamin A and N-acetylcysteine,[52] as well as alpha-tocopherol and beta carotene,[53] have shown no efficacy in RCTs for the prevention of second primary tumors of the oropharynx in patients who had been treated for either head and neck cancer or lung cancer.
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text: Print | Innovation Innovation Leadership in Innovation PPG maintains a long-standing tradition of developing leading-edge technologies, achieving the highest quality standards and meeting customers' requirements. Through leadership in innovation, PPG helps customers in industrial, transportation, consumer products, and construction markets and aftermarkets to enhance more surfaces in more ways than does any other company. Interested in more? Read a few recent examples of how PPG's innovative technologies help ensure our company—and our customers—stand out in a competitive world: PPG partners with new-energy vehicle company in China As a partner to new-energy vehicle (NEV) company Weltmeister (WM), PPG China has developed colors for WM's EX6, a compact all-electric sport utility vehicle (SUV) that debuted at the 2018 Beijing International Automotive Exhibition (Auto China 2018). "The PPG color-styling team worked closely with WM's design group to achieve the brilliant results on display at the Beijing auto show," said Cindy Li, PPG color development and styling manager, Asia Pacific. In addition to creating colors for the display vehicle, PPG also created colors for the EX6 vehicle that will be introduced in the Chinese market later this year. Read more PPG helps restore Tent of Tomorrow More than 2,000 gallons of PPG's AMERCOAT® coatings were used to refurbish the "Tent of Tomorrow" at the New York State Pavilion, an historic attraction erected in Queens 51 years ago to celebrate the 1964 World's Fair. The Tent of Tomorrow was one of three components constructed as part of the original pavilion, designed by world-renowned architect Philip Johnson and internationally known civil engineer Lev Zetlin. Download the Case Study PPG's innovation efforts recently profiled in Forbes.com PPG Innovation More Than Skin Deep Buildings using smart coatings that absorb pollution. Airplanes wrapped in heat-deflecting tech borrowed from eggplant biology. Surfaces of wind turbine blades that slice through the air with practically no drag. PPG doesn't just make paint anymore, and its approach to surface coatings reveals much about the drivers and processes of successful innovation. Read more on Forbes.com PPG receives U.S. Department of Energy funding for next-generation glazing technology PPG, a recognized leader in energy efficient window technologies, has received funding from the Department of Energy (DOE) for a $2.86 million project to develop a fabricate-on-demand manufacturing process for vacuum insulated glazings (VIGs). The DOE Building Technologies Office is contributing $2 million to the project, with the remaining funding provided through in-kind services from PPG and project partners. The proposal was collaborative effort between PPG's business and research teams. Its implementation is expected to launch the next generation of energy efficient window manufacturing technology. VIGs should provide higher insulating performance than current energy-efficient windows and will retrofit into existing walls more easily than today's triple-pane windows. However, current VIGs are susceptible to easy stress-induced breakage during fabrication and in use, making them difficult and expensive to manufacture. This project's goal is to make VIG manufacturing technically and economically feasible for window makers. PPG earns Environmental Achievement Award for GREEN LOGIC Matrix systems PPG's GREEN LOGIC® Matrix paint detackifier systems for automotive manufacturing have been recognized by the Environmental Management Association with the 2014 Environmental Achievement Award for exhibiting a commitment to the environment and using resources from the environment to provide innovative solutions to environmental challenges. "Innovative automotive coatings products that help manufacturers cut costs, increase efficiency and decrease waste during the coatings and production process are critical in today's industry," said Cindy Niekamp, PPG senior vice president, automotive coatings. " The Green Logic Matrix detackifier system helps our automotive customers greatly reduce water consumption and waste in the production process. PPG is honored to be recognized for providing them with this groundbreaking sustainable product." Read more Goodyear to use AGILON performance silica Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. has contracted to use AGILON® performance silica by PPG to increase the fuel efficiency of its tires. Goodyear will first use the next-generation reinforcing filler developed by PPG in EFFICIENTGRIP™ tires, a line of high-performance sport-utility-vehicle (SUV) tires debuting in Latin America this month. Goodyear plans to incorporate Agilon performance silica into future high-value-added tire launches in other regions in 2015. Stirring Up Innovation: PPG makes a worldwide impact with industry-leading coatings and materials. With more than $15 billion in sales and operations in 70 countries, PPG Industries has firmly established itself as a world leader in coatings and specialty materials. Leadership, innovation and sustainability fuel this unique status. But, it is PPG's passionate and smart people that make it all happen...read more. Source: Made in PA Magazine (Fall 2014) Go to Made in PA Magazine Looking forward: Innovative coatings and materials must address energy —Charles Bunch, Chairman and CEO of PPG Industries The future of the coatings industry will require innovative solutions to address our customers' greatest needs and challenges. While customers will continue to seek products that ensure safety and security, provide protection, and enhance functionality and aesthetics, the biggest challenges they face will be related to energy. Nowhere is that more apparent than in areas where increased amounts of energy are consumed—buildings, transportation, and industry itself.Every pound counts these days for car and airplane makers, and researchers at PPG Industries Inc. are working to help them achieve weight-savings goals. Source: IHS Chemical Week (09/17/2014) Go to IHS Chemical Week PPG recognized by CIO magazine among CIO 100 Awards winners PPG is among the 2014 CIO 100, the 27th annual award program of CIO Magazine recognizes organizations around the world that exemplify the highest level of operational and strategic excellence in information technology. PPG is recognized for Glass eVIEW, the industry's first digital glass visualization platform that helps architects see virtual glass in 3-D. Click here to learn more about Glass eVIEW. Read More PPG ignites research, manufacturing of new TV technology Organic light-emitting diodes, or OLEDs, manufactured by PPG Industries Inc. of Pittsburgh, could give televisions more vibrant colors and deeper blacks, make them thinner and lighter in weight, and most importantly, much more energy efficient. Read More Working out the Bugs Spend a few minutes in the PPG architectural coatings research and development laboratory in Albi, France, and eventually you'll become aware of a curious, soft noise. Muffled crunching, maybe? No, you realize, it's munching. Read More ENVIROBASE® coatings expand an artist's palette While the legendary Lennon-McCartney songwriting team relied on lyrics and melodies to paint strawberry fields and yellow submarines, artist Shannon MacDonald relies on PPG's waterborne Envirobase High Performance system to create paintings of the Beatles. Read More PPG researchers developing technologies to help increase fuel efficiency When the Obama administration announced new fuel efficiency standards for U.S. cars and light trucks last August, researchers at PPG's Allison Park, Pa., Coatings Innovation Center (CIC) wanted to do their part to help automakers reach this target. Read More U.S. Department of Energy honors PPG scientists for advances OLED lighting PPG's advances are the result of a two-year project initiated with the DOE in 2010 to promote the commercialization and mass production of OLED lighting. The PPG team led by Abhinav Bhandari, Ph.D., project engineer, has demonstrated a float glass-based integrated substrate with scalable light-extraction technologies and transparent conductive films for OLED lighting applications. Read More PPG celebrates 50 years of Electrocoat In 1963, PPG was the first company to introduce electrocoating technology at a Ford plant in Wixom, Michigan. Today, electrocoat technology has become the industry standard for corrosion protection. It has boosted the automotive industry because of its "green" credentials, high efficiency, uniform thickness and strong protection against corrosion. 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Read More INNOFIBER® fiber glass pushes the boundaries of performance Giant wind turbine blades, circuit boards and industrial pipelines might seem to have little in common, but a new family of PPG glass composition fibers can benefit all of them – and much more. Read More Bringing innovation to the surface is a trademark of PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. CeramiClear, Andaro, Envirobase and INNOFIBER are registered trademarks of PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. 2019 North American International Auto Show Recognition Science and Technology Coatings Innovation Center Monroeville Chemicals Center Science Education Science Education Outreach


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GRANT SCHULTE, The Associated Press
LINCOLN, Neb. (AP) — Students throughout the Midwest are getting out of school early this week because of sweltering conditions and a lack of air conditioning in some classrooms.
Schools in Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota, the Dakotas and Illinois planned to release children in the early afternoon, before temperatures reached expected highs — nearly 100 degrees in much of the central United States.
Administrators in several states said they were letting school out early because of safety concerns for students and teachers. Many buildings have air conditioning, but the systems don't always cover older sections that haven't been renovated.
In central Iowa, Marshalltown Community School District administrators canceled their afternoon preschool classes on Monday and Tuesday and were planning to release other students two hours early to avoid the worst heat. Parts of all 10 of district buildings have air conditioning, but some rooms aren't connected.
"The buildings can heat up pretty fast, especially when you have kids in there," district spokesman Jason Staker said. "It's not a good environment for students or teachers."
The prolonged heat surge of this magnitude is unusual for this time of year, but not unprecedented, according to the National Weather Service. In Des Moines, for instance, temperatures on Aug. 26 have reached at least 100 degrees at least six times since 1881.
School administrators in the western Nebraska town of Alliance decided to send students home early after local forecasters predicted temperatures in excess of 90 degrees. Some classes in the 1,600-student district are held on the third floor, and temperatures rise when students fill the room.
"Those rooms get extremely warm, especially on the higher levels," superintendent Troy Unzicker said. "It can get uncomfortable even when the temperatures are in the upper 80s."
Students in Minneapolis were attending school as scheduled, but administrators canceled after-school activities and distributed 750 cases of water to schools. Officials also sent industrial fans to the 18 buildings that lack air conditioning, district spokeswoman Rachel Hicks said. Parents were advised to dress their kids in light clothing, while staffers are watching for any symptoms of heat-related illnesses.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Transportation Secretary Mary Peters is lamenting the fact that Americans are driving less, resulting in declining gas tax revenues and decreased funding for road projects. As eTrucker reports, the federal government already had to make an emergency contribution of $8 billion to the DOT in September to continue in-progress projects. Statistics show Americans have driven 62.6 billion miles less than they did over the same nine-month period last year, leading Peters to remark "If we don't evolve our policies, we will leave a sad legacy of old roads, crowded highways and unfulfilled transit ambitions." Which is exactly what we have now, so who do we blame for that? [eTrucker; Photo Credit]
DOT Reports Americans Still Driving Less


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-Janice (about me / email)