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Walking on Ice (ongoing) exhibit
Opening event on Saturday, April 6, @ 7:30 pm
Location: Carriage House Gallery, 357 Benefit Street, rear entrance
Gallery Hours: M-F 10am-4pm
This past summer Nazli Ozerdem (Brown-RISD Dual Degree '14) and Matt Block (Brown '13) were awarded a Brown International Scholars Program fellowship to go to Iceland and conduct research for their collaborative audio-visual exhibition. Their research consisted of two different components. They worked with local artists and learned their approaches to music and art, and documented Iceland's natural phenomena such as glaciers, geysers, boiling mud pots, and geothermal vents. The theme behind this collaboration is the use of landscape and traditional elements of Icelandic culture to generate a contemporary work. Their goal was to create a space that unifies visual art and music that will serve as a symbol for the cross-cultural relationships that they established during their time in Iceland. They hope that this multi-sensory understanding of Icelandic culture will create a place for their community to engage with art that found its roots in Iceland and its continued growth at Brown and RISD.
The music composed by Matt Block consists of four pieces based on Icelandic folk themes, and it will be performed live on April 6 at the opening. These works convey a story of discovery and growth. The compositions are orchestrated for a ten-piece ensemble that includes flute, bass clarinet, alto/soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone, trumpet/flugelhorn, violin, cello, bass, piano, and percussion. In addition to the acoustic music, there is sound design for the space primarily generated from natural found sounds.
The visual work by Nazli Ozerdem consists of large-scale drawings and digital photographs of the Icelandic landscape.The drawings integrate patterns from traditional Icelandic objects from museums such as the Icelandic Museum of National History, the Arbaer Museum, and the Open-Air Folk Museum. Nazli allowed each drawing to grow and change organically and worked with the existing photographs instead of working against them.
This exhibit will be on view through April 15, 2013.


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Nutrition Facts
Ingredients and Preparation
- Cook pasta according to package directions, omitting fat and salt. Reserve ½ cup pasta water, drain, and set aside.
- Heat olive oil in a large skillet or pot over medium-high heat. Add garlic and cook 1 minute. Stir in onion and thyme, and cook about 4 minutes, until onions are tender.
- Add reserved pasta water to pan and scrape brown bits off the bottom. Stir in spinach and cook 3-4 minutes, until it wilts. Add beans and tomatoes, and cook about 3 minutes, until heated through. Season with salt and pepper, toss with pasta, top with cheese, and serve.

subset: commoncrawl


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When an accidental pilgrimage becomes a voyage of discovery.
Together, Alyssa and I had learned about the mikvah —a natural body of water used for the ancient Jewish practice of ritual immersion. And together, we had confessed that the idea appealed to our growing curiosity about the religion we had ignored as teenagers. So maybe I shouldn't have been surprised when, on the drive from Vermont to her family's house near Boston, my college friend suggested a sunrise mikvah dip in Walden Pond.
We were seniors on break for Rosh Hashanah. As environmental studies nerds, we agreed that a detour to Thoreau's old stomping grounds would provide a much-needed diversion from the holiday's "pray, eat, sleep" routine. But Alyssa's plot twist, casually mentioned as we merged onto I-89, represented something more. What better way, she reasoned, to usher in the Jewish New Year (not to mention our imminent entry into the uncertain world of post-college life) than with a skinny-dip in the environmentalist's equivalent of the Ganges? The remainder of the drive passed in a spell of giddy plotting. The next morning, we awoke in Alyssa's childhood bedroom, pulled on wool sweaters and sturdy boots, and set out for the woods.
Walden greeted us in its typical way: all pomp and pastoral charm, with the maple trees casting giant shadow puppets across the ground. But as Alyssa and I crunched over pebbles towards the water, I barely registered the scene around me. We weren't there to leaf peep, after all. Before long, the first minivans would rumble in, depositing a flurry of camera flashes and picnic baskets into the stillness. In the meantime, we had more mischievous goals in mind. We could only hope that pristine woods would not take offense to the more spiritual peep show about to take place.
Alyssa and I had lingered over many dining hall meals, puzzling over the yearning towards Judaism that was taking shape deep within us. Religion had never been a defining part of my identity, but, as I edged towards the precipice of adulthood, I longed for something solid to wind my fingers into. This dip in Walden Pond, then, was something of a belated hazing initiation, the chance to do something completely outside of the college playbook to express my connection to tradition. I had heard that dunking in a mikvah feels like jumping into a swimming pool filled with holy water—an open palm to the soul's reset button. Now at the water, there was no turning back.
I looked over at Alyssa who flashed me a thumbs-up. With our clothing scattered on rocks, we waded into the pond. Our skin reeled against the September chill. Then, with deep breaths, we plunged. I stretched out my limbs to allow water to flow across every pore. I imagined Thoreau's bare legs skimming under the pond's surface on one of his regular morning swims. What would he think if he awoke one day to find two nice Jewish girls splashing like rapturous fish in his waters? Hallelujah, no doubt.
Surfacing, I rejoined Alyssa on shore where we stumbled through a Hebrew blessing we'd practiced on the ride over:
Blessed are You, Lord our God, Ruler of the Universe, who kept us alive and preserved us, and enabled us to reach this moment.
I silently said a second prayer of thanks as an unfamiliar sensation of warmth and electricity spread throughout my body. How strange, I thought, that after a lifetime of being Jewish, it took this accidental pilgrimage to understand what religion actually feels like.


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Vtech Toot-Toot Friends Kingdom Pirate Ship
has been successfully added to your basket
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Product Description
Yo ho ho! Time to set sail for the Treasure Island with Vtech Toot Toot Friends Kingdom Pirate Ship!
This interactive Pirate Ship is packed full of features and can open up and reveals a majestic Treasure Island play set! This play set comes with 3 Toot Toot Friends characters; Captain Monty, Sailor Stanley and Monkey! Simply place the characters on the Magic Point location for fun responses!
Press the cannon button to launch the cannonball and press the 3 light up buttons for fun role-play responses and more! With 6 accessories included, your little one will surely get lost in pirate role play.
- 1 MagicPoint location
- Place Captain Monty and Sailor Stanley on the MagicPoint location to hear them introduce themselves and say the things they like to do
- Includes 3 fun modes of play to enhance role play and learning fun
- 3 light up buttons teach colour, counting, first words, vocabulary and plays fun songs and melodies
- Press the Cannon to hear fun sound effects and more
- Turn the helm, twist the sails, open the trap door and escape the spinning octopus tentacles!
- See the pirate characters move up and down on the seesaw platform!
- Open the ship to reveal a treasure island and a giant blue octopus
- Close the ship for fun pirate role play
- Develop fine motor skills with the lookout, spinning octopus,helm, stone, treasure chest, sail and cannon
- Pull the ship along for extra role play fun
- Works with other Toot-Toot Friends play sets and accessories(sold separately)
- Requires 2 x AA batteries (included)
- Weight of pirate ship play set: 5.6kg
- Dimensions: 16.5 L x 45.8 W x 35 H (cm)
- Suitable for ages 1-5 years
|Recommended Age
|1-5 Years
|Shipping Weight (kg)
|Product Dimensions
|16.5 x 45.8 x 35 cm
|battery type
|2 x AAA(Included)
|Pack content
|1 xVtech Toot-Toot Friends Kingdom Pirate Ship
6 x Accessories
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Post-Baccalaureate Certificate: Elementary Education (2002-2003)
Program Description
The Department of Curriculum and Instruction offers certificate programs in a variety of areas. The certificate programs are designed to mirror the organization of the masters degree in elementary education and to provide coherent sequences of courses which focus on the different aspects of each discipline area within elementary education: early childhood, math, science, and social studies.
The overarching educational objective is to provide a broad base of knowledge relating to each of the discipline areas in elementary education. Those completing the certificates will understand the basics of the theories specific to the discipline option they select, including a detailed understanding of the way children learn in each of those disciplines. They will understand how to develop and deliver instruction appropriate for those content/discipline areas.
The certificate programs provide teachers an avenue to fullfill an area of specialization in the master's degree program. Courses completed in the certificate programs may be used to satisfy degree requirements.
Certificate Requirements:
Course Descriptions
College of Education and Human Services
679 Overseas Study. (1–9, repeatable to 18) Course work undertaken as part of approved University overseas study program. Prerequisite: Approval of Study Abroad Coordinator and Department Chairperson.
Curriculum and Instruction
590-591 Field Study Projects. (1-3) Extensive readings, observations, and interpretations of education systems in the United States and selected foreign countries. Prerequisites: Permission of the student's adviser and the Departmental Graduate Committee.
679 Overseas Study. (1–9, repeatable to 18) Course work undertaken as part of approved University overseas study program. Prerequisite: Approval of Study Abroad Coordinator and Department Chairperson.
Early Childhood Education
571 Theory and Function of Play. (3) Students will engage in a detailed study of theoretical and practical positions regarding development of young children, birth through age eight. The emphasis will be on play as a process for learning and for teaching. Observations of children and application of course content to teaching practices are required.
574 Integrated Learning in Early Childhood Education. (3) In-depth study of the theoretical basis for integrated learning and teaching, and of several approaches for integrating curricular areas: language arts, math, science, social studies, art, and music. The value of curricular integration in meeting the needs of diverse learners will be addressed. Students will explore methods and materials for integrating technological and multimedia materials into the early childhood curriculum.
500 Teaching of Elementary Mathematics. (3) A study of current trends and problems in the teaching of elementary and junior high school mathematics. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.
501 Elementary Mathematics I. (3) A study of sets, logic, real number system, open sentences, relations, and functions as they apply to the elementary and junior high school curriculum. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.
502 Geometry for Teachers. (3) A study of geometric concepts as they pertain to the elementary and junior high school curriculum. Topics will be chosen from coordinate, synthetic, and transformational geometry. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.
505 The Teaching of Mathematics in Middle Grades and Junior High. (3) A study of teaching strategies and current trends in mathematics as they apply to the curriculum of the middle school and the junior high school. Prerequisites: MATH 101 and 201 © grade or better) or equivalent.
507 Research in Elementary Mathematics Education. (3) A survey, evaluation, and application of recent research relative to the teaching of elementary and junior high school math. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.
508 Special Topics in Elementary Mathematics. (3, repeatable to 15) Topics will be available on demand in the areas of probability, statistics, computer science, number theory, and history of math. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.
509 Diagnostic and Prescriptive Teaching of School Mathematics. (3) The assessment of strengths and weaknesses of students in school mathematics with the development of appropriate prescriptive remediation materials and strategies. Prerequisite: Teacher certification, MATH 360 or MATH 361.
569 Reading in Early Childhood. (3) Designed to help teachers of preschool, kindergarten, and primary grades to plan and design developmentally appropriate programs aimed at facilitating the acquisition of pre-reading and reading abilities. Emphasis on how early guidance and instructional programs can attend to all aspects of language: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Science Education
489G Energy Education for Elementary Teachers. (3) Provides content information on basic energy concepts and how to teach them to elementary students. Topics include forms and sources of energy, renewable and nonrenewable energy, changes in energy forms, and energy conservation. Energy curricula will be examined through presentations and laboratory-based activity formats. Prerequisite: Senior standing or bachelor's degree.
490G Environmental Science Education for Elementary Teachers. (3) Provides teachers with background information related to various environmental concepts and issues through numerous activities, including field trips. Topics include map and compass reading, forests, woodlands, ponds, wetlands, rivers, predator/prey relationships, rocks, tree identification, and minerals, water quality testing, and weather.
491G Biological Science for Elementary Teachers. (3) Designed to strengthen teachers' biological science background. Emphasis is on life science concepts from contemporary elementary curricula, stressing direct experience in laboratory activities. Topics include plant growth, development, physiology, propagation, and classification; microscope work, animal activity, microscopic organisms, human biology, and outdoor biology.
492G Physical Science for Elementary Teachers. (3) Designed to help elementary teachers strengthen their understanding of physical science. Course topics include chemistry, energy, force, heat, light, magnetism, matter, motion, and sound. Students will explore concepts through discussion and laboratory-based activities from classic and contemporary science curricula.
505 Science: An Inquiry Approach. (3) This course is designed to help educators learn and better understand inquiry as an instructional approach. Topics include what inquiry is, how to conduct inquiry, and ways to teach inquiry processes and skills to students, particularly those in upper elementary and middle level grades. The course will involve identifying and conducting an inquiry investigation into some science topic. Prerequisites: SCED 364 or equivalent and graduate standing.
507 Science in the Early Childhood Classroom. (3) This course is designed around a constructivist approach to early childhood science education (preschool-grade 3). The focus of this course is on children - how they experience the world, interact with each other, pose questions and problems, and construct knowledge. Topics will include integrated and thematic curriculum representing the life, earth, physical, and environmental sciences. Current research related to the brain and children's thinking, and curriculum models dealing with modeling, role playing, cooperative play, and the culture of the early childhood classroom will be emphasized. Alternative assessment models for the early childhood science classroom will also be examined. Prerequisite: Graduate standing.
559 Teaching Earth Science in the Elementary School. (3) This course provides elementary and middle level school teachers with basic content and methodology from contemporary elementary science programs to strengthen their teaching of earth science. Basic content topics will include astronomy, geology, hydrology, meteorology, and oceanology. Background information and methodology will be presented by using content as a vehicle in lectures, demonstrations, experiments, and group activities which will help teachers develop skills in working with equipment and materials, and to help them better understand appropriate instructional strategies in earth science for children at different grade levels.
561 Measurement in Elementary Science. (3) Emphasis will be placed on techniques of measurement development in contemporary elementary science curricula. An activity-centered approach will provide students with an opportunity to develop systems of measurements, calibrate simple measuring devices, and design measurement projects suitable for use in an elementary science program. The introduction and use of the metric system in the elementary school will be stressed.
562 Science Curriculum in the Elementary School. (3) An analysis of the latest curriculum innovations in elementary science education, and the application of recent discoveries in learning theory to the teaching of elementary science. Emphasis will be placed on the development of a contemporary philosophy of elementary science and its contribution to the total science program.
Social Science Education
550 Workshop in Current Developments in Teaching Social Studies. (1-3, repeatable to 3) Explores current content, techniques, media, and information technology for teaching social studies in school settings. Students will adapt course topics for use in their own classrooms.
568 Improvement of Instruction in Social Studies. (3) This course deals with current developments in techniques, materials and technology for teaching social studies. Explores ways to engage students in social science instruction.
572 Social Studies Curriculum. (3) This course deals with the nature of social studies and its role in the school curriculum. Emphasis is placed on current curriculum developments in social studies and the social sciences.
595 Teaching Social Studies for Global Understanding. (3) Develops
the conceptual base for teaching the understanding of global connections
including those dealing with social, environmental, economic, technological,
and individual cultural dimensions. Field component required. Prerequisite:
SSED 365 or 439.


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We offer five different types of high quality, but still very affordable sporrans.
Everyday Sporrans | For everyday wear these classic sporrans are appropriate for casual occasions. They come in 16 different styles from Black Celtic to White Cowhide Thistle. Each everyday sporran comes with a FREE sporran belt.
Dress Sporrans | Dress sporrans are appropriate for formal occasions such as weddings and ceremonial events. Styles of dress sporrans vary from the more conservative Black Stag Formal Bovine to the more striking Red Rabbit Tassels.
Semi Dress Sporrans | Semi dress sporrans can be worn on any occasion, formal or informal. They are a staple of traditional Scottish attire and come in almost 30 different styles and designs.
Sporran Belts | Sporran belts are an essential addition to any sporran. Although some of our sporrans come with a free sporran belt, it doesn't hurt to have a spare. Our sporran belts cater for all sizes from S to 4XL.
Pipe Band Sporrans | For wear by those in a pipe band, our traditional pipe band sporrans are made of genuine horse hair.


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This pack of 10 metallic grey atoms are used typically to represent metals with tetrahedral coordination and is for extending your existing set or for replacing lost atoms. Each pack contains 10 balls with four holes in each ball arranged in a tetrahedral array. Each atom is 23 mm diameter.
Why would I need these? You could use them to represent a tetrahedral zinc atom in a compound such as [Zn(NH3)4]2+ or perhaps titanium in TiCl4.
The Molymod® system is the original, unique, dual-scale system of high quality low-cost molecular models. These enormously popular sets are ideal for students but are also used by scientists all over the world.


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Click the link below to download the app from the Google Play Store, or request the download file from us directly by email at email@example.com
Please review the user agreement and privacy policy.
eyeWitness seeks to bring to justice individuals who commit atrocities by providing human rights defenders, journalists, and ordinary citizens with a mobile app to capture much needed verifiable video and photos of these abuses. eyeWitness then becomes an ongoing advocate for the footage to promote accountability for those who commit the worst international crimes.
In seeking to bring the perpetrators of atrocities to justice, eyeWitness provides a tool for human rights defenders, documenters, journalists, and other courageous citizens, to capture verifiable footage related to international atrocity crimes. Our easy-to-use camera app captures the metadata needed to ensure that images can be used in investigations or trials. It then safely stores the information in a storage facility, hosted by Lexis Nexis and maintained by the eyeWitness organisation. The information we receive is reviewed by the eyeWitness expert team, who then seek to ensure that the data is used to bring perpetrators of international crimes to justice.
CNBC, This App Aims to Bring War Crimes to Light
The Guardian, eyeWitness to Atrocities: the App Aimed at Bringing War Criminals to Justice
Thomson Reuters, App Empowers Civilians to Capture Evidence of War Crimes on Smartphones
BBC, eyeWitness App Lets Smartphones Report War Crimes
eyeWitness to Atrocities is currently recruiting a:
eyeWitness to Atrocities partners with outside investigators, attorneys, and law firms who provide pro bono resources to analyse the
information we receive from app users. If you or your firm are interested in
providing pro bono support, please contact us using the General Enquiries
information below.
Visit our tailored pages, designed specifically for you!
Need help? Here you can find a number materials designed to help you navigate our app features and project terminology.
Project materials are available in multiple languages. Please contact firstname.lastname@example.com for more details.
In November 2010, harrowing footage obtained by UK broadcaster Channel 4 emerged, seemingly showing Sri Lankan troops executing Tamil prisoners. Mark Ellis, Executive Director of the International Bar Association (IBA), was one of the international lawyers asked to examine the video. He found that the authenticity of the footage could not be verified. 'Watching that film was a catalyst for the idea that an app could be created to act as a tool of verification and allow the video to be admissible in a court of law,' he says. So began a four-year effort… Click for more organisation details
There are always risks involved with documenting human rights abuses. There is not only danger from the user's proximity to a volatile situation, but also the risk of arrest or other repercussions from authorities who do not want information about their actions to be publicised. No technology can completely eliminate those risks. However, we believe that the security of our users is of utmost importance. Therefore, our app incorporates features…. Click for more details on user safety
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My first project for the master bedroom was to create a fabric headboard for our queen sized bed (see room inspiration board here!). I found this great Calico Corners print and knew it would work perfectly as a neutral backdrop for the rest of the room. Next I needed to find a frame with a bit of architectural detail… and I scored a white wooden headboard from Craigslist that was perfect.
Here's my step-by-step:
{DIY Fabric Headboard}
Materials: Headboard frame, sand paper, spray paint, fabric, foam (1″ – 2″ is easy to work with), quilt batting, staple gun, hem tape, utility knife
1. I asked Kevin to cut off the bedpost knobs since they would get in the way of my vision for a sleek, rounded form. 2. Then I sanded and painted the legs (at least the areas that would show) the same mahogany color as my platform bed.
Forgive the messy workshop… but I was in crunch mode and brought my big project inside for some late night work.
3. After painting, I traced the line of the headboard frame onto my 1 1/2″ foam pieces (one for the front and one for the back). One foam form was about 6″ longer on each edge to allow for folding over the bedposts so that the sides would be just as soft and cushy as the rest of the headboard.
A heavy duty staple gun and utility knife were the perfect tools for the job.
4. Because my rolls of foam were only a couple of feet wide, I also added thicker 3″ foam just below my foam forms so that my fabric headboard would extend at least 2/3 of the way down the frame (this may or may not be necessary if you try this project yourself). Be sure all foam is even and patch where necessary.
5. My final foam finish was a simple strip across the top of the headboard to match the sides.
(Don't mind the sun discoloration… my foam is faded but it's a bit cheaper and it doesn't affect the project!)
6. The next step was to cover the entire headboard frame with quilt batting. This should hide all seams and create a sealed, soft look (especially around the edges and corners).
7. We repeated step 6 but this time with fabric, working from edge to edge and pulling the fabric taut as I stapled. This would be a great time to add tufted buttons (super easy, check out the process during this ottoman tutorial) but I wanted to keep a more modern shape and thought they might be a bit distracting and competitive with the pattern.
8. We finished the headboard by applying a lining across the back to hide all folds and staples (the one picture I don't have!). The lining was cut just a few inches shorter than the headboard outline on all sides (it followed the staple indentation for a cleaner finish) and was hemmed (hem tape works great) before it was attached to the back.
And here she is! I can't wait to see how it will look in the room… once we get that put together and decorated.
My DIY headboard set me back a mere $100 for a Craigslist frame, spray paint, foam, batting and fabric (try a complimentary solid shade for the backside lining if you choose an expensive print and don't forget to take advantage of 40% off Jo-Anns coupons since foam can be pricey). I actually purchase most of my foam for projects from a nearby discount store that collects Jo-Ann rejects (usually because of sun discoloration). It doesn't hurt the project and brings my overhead down even more.
The labor and time was definitely worth it, I love the look and I know it will tie in so well to the finished bedroom!


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- Awakened Vest of Elements
- Item Level 1
- Binds to Blizzard account
- Chest
- +401 Stamina
+267 Intellect
+267 Critical Strike
- Requires level 1 to 85 (85)
- Equip: Experience gained is increased by 10%.
- Sell Price: 1
Heirloom ItemEdit
Heirloom items scales to the level of the character it is being worn on. It should last most classes to level 80 and can be mailed to a person's alternate character if they are on the same account.
This item is sold by the following vendors for 870 Justice Points, plus [Mystical Vest of Elements]:
- Enchanter Isian <Heirloom Vendor> in Dalaran
- Larissa Pembraux <Justice Heirlooms> in Stormwind
- Enchanter Erodin <Heirloom Vendor> in Dalaran
- Zulna <Justice Heirlooms> in Orgrimmar
- Brammold Deepmine <Antiques & Heirlooms> in Dalaran
This item is also sold by Daenrand Dawncrest <Heirloom Prizes> at the Darkmoon Faire for 44 Darkmoon Prize Tickets, plus [Mystical Vest of Elements].
Patch changes Edit
- Patch 5.2.0 (5-Mar-2013): Added.
External links Edit
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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The Robobull 3D printed designer case offer a unique all-round protection to your smartphone. It is designed with the precision cutouts for the speaker, camera and other ports to provide best performance in terms of functionality and safety. Slim polycarbonate and TPU case.
Leather Feel Lavender Case For Galaxy S9 Plus
- 10% Off on All Prepaid Orders
- Additional 10% cashback on all Prepaid orders
- Free Shipping


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"Prancercising," a bizarre exercise routine from the late 1980s, has suddenly gone viral.
Created by Florida resident Joanna Rohrback, prancercising is described as "a springy, rhythmic way of moving forward, similar to a horse's gait and ideally induced by elation," according to the official Prancercising website.
The horse-inspired exercise was forgotten for more than two decades before the Internet resurrected it in all its glory.
The "fitness" video shows an ankle-weight-clad Rohrback wearing a bright coral cardigan and tight white pants demonstrating the "four modes" of her highly original workout routine.
"We're gonna really cut the noose and let it loose with the prancercise gallop," she exclaims before frolicking down a deserted path.
The video dates from 1989, but Rohrback has been pressing on with her fitness routine for years. In 2012 she published the book "Prancercise: The Art of Physical and Spiritual Excellence." The cover art alone is worth the purchase.
Over the past four days, Rohrback's goofy video has skyrocketed to over 2 million YouTube hits.
Rohrback herself busted out the moves on the "Today" show, was interviewed by The Daily Beast, and received so many website visits that Prancercise.com crashed on Wednesday.
Though how the 24-year-old video was unearthed still remains a mystery, we should all just be thankful it exists. Watch it below.


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[View the story "Preview of Gov 2.0 L.A. 2013 From Twitter." on Storify]
Gov 2.0 L.A. 2013 is almost here.
As the founder of @Gov20la "Gov20LA" as it is referred to, I could not be more excited and proud. As the event gets ready to head into our fourth annual one; we are getting ready to make history, break some trendlines, and lead the dialog for another year.
But before discussing the amazing people who will be speaking I would like to highlight a major achievement of Gov 2.0 L.A.:
Since our first event in 2010, we have created and enabled an environment around building our speakers base as one that represents our society. So we have 50 percent female speakers and 50 percent male speakers. This is a critical achievement and comes at a critical time when this very issue is the subject of TV, Radio and written debate. Just recently there was an article by Nilofer Merchant (@nilofer) in the Harvard Business Review, with one of the salient points being made is that LESS than 20% of all conference speakers and panelists are Female. Less than 20%.
So Gov20LA is proud, as am I, to be able to say that we have beaten this particular national average and beaten it solidly. I continue to ensure that the speakers split for Gov20LA is evenly split between men and women, and did so because it is the right thing to do, not because we thought that in four years everyone would be talking about it. But that is what has now happened.
Gov20LA 2013 is going to rock! I could not be more excited about the powerful collection of women and men who will be speaking,
[View the story "2013 Speakers for Gov 2.0 L.A. " on Storify]
Thank you! We look forward to seeing you in person and in our live stream on April 20, 2013.
Alan W. Silberberg, Founder, Gov 2.0 L.A.


text: Oscar-winning actor Michael Douglas made a cameo appearance yesterday in Manhattan federal court to bail out his troubled son, Cameron, who pleaded guilty to drug-trafficking charges earlier this week. The session was held in a closed courtroom and Cameron's case file was sealed, suggesting that he's cooperating with the feds. His dad and lawyers refused to comment, reports The Post's Bruce Golding. Cameron, who faces 10 years in jail, was behind bars at the Metropolitan Correctional Center last night.


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Membership in the Association of Professional Genealogists (APG) has always been valuable for members who attend national conferences. Recent changes have made the membership cost more worthwhile for distance members like myself.
I have felt that membership was worthwhile based on the APG Quarterly magazine alone which is full of relevant business information for both the up-and-coming and seasoned professional genealogist alike. In fact, I've suggested that those who want to transition into becoming a professional genealogist would benefit from reading the magazine before they hang out their shingle.
Recent changes, however, have made APG membership even more worthwhile. Here's a rundown on some of the great changes.
1) APG Webinars
Last week APG offered the first in a series of webinars that provide advice and information relevant to professional genealogists. Webinars are educational learning opportunities that are available through the internet regardless of your physical location. The first webinar was "Tax Considerations for Your Genealogy Business" by James M. Beidler. The webinar was offered live not only to APG Members but also to the general public. I'm not sure at this point if the webinar was recorded or whether it will available in the members only section of the website in the future. There will be more upcoming webinars so be on the lookout for them.
2) Archived Issues of the APG Quarterly on the website
A tremendous benefit just added this week is member access to archived issues of the APG Quarterly. The issues are found in the members-only area of the website and are available as pdf downloads. They cover the years 2004-2011.
3) Professional Management Conference (PMC) Videos
This is not new but it's worth reminding folks of this rich archived resource. About two years ago APG started filming talks from the PMC and making them available for free from their website. The videos offer a varied assortment of business topics relevant to professional genealogy. If you haven't viewed them yet, be sure to check out this great resource.
4) International Reach and Coverage
This has been a slow going effort that has picked up steam recently. APG is starting to reach out more and provide more benefits to its non-American members. APG has been heading to London to participate in the Who Do You Think You Are? Live event in order to get more international exposure as well as to connect with European members. In addition, we are seeing more features and coverage of international membership in the APGQ. This is a good trend and I look forward to seeing
more treatment of international members as full-fledged participants of APG.
Valuable Benefits
The new benefit offerings by APG should make any genealogist consider giving the organization a second look. Current membership costs $65 annually for US members, $70 for those in Canada and $85 for the rest of the world.
Monday, January 16, 2012
APG Membership Becomes More Valuable
Posted by Marian at 11:55 AM
Labels: APG
2 comments:
Thanks for the information Marian. I had heard from others who viewed the webinar. But I didn't know they were open to the public. I had not even heard about the upcoming webinars. So good to know they have them and now I will watch out for them. ThanksReplyDelete
You're right - those are very exciting benefits of APG membership, Marian. Hopefully later this year I'll be able to join. In the meantime, I'm soaking up all the wonderful free information and education available. Thanks for sharing.ReplyDelete
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text:
House prices in London rose by a record annual rate of 20.1 per cent in May as overall growth in the UK climbed to 10.5 per cent, official figures showed today.
The average home in the capital now costs £492,000, compared to £262,000 across the country, according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
The annual increase for house prices across the UK is the strongest since May 2010 but for London it is the sharpest since records began in 2002.
The ONS said: "House prices are increasingly strong across most parts of the UK, with prices in London again showing the highest growth."
Prices rose by 9.6 per cent in the South East and 8.6 per cent in the East, the figures showed.
Outside London and the South East, annual price increases averaged 6.4 per cent, the highest rate since June 2010.
On a month-by-month basis, values jumped by 0.8 per cent across the country, compared with a rise of 0.3 per cent a month earlier.
The figures also show that first-time buyers face having to pay 11.3 per cent more to get on the property ladder than they did a year ago, with the typical starter home now costing £202,000.
Every region in England saw an annual price uplift, with the lowest rate of 3.9 per cent in the North West.
Prices overall in England rose by 11 per cent over the year, with a 6.5 per cent increase in Wales and 3.6 per cent in Scotland while prices in Northern Ireland fell by 0.7 per cent.
In London, the house price index is 33.7 per cent above the pre-crisis peak level while England has recovered to just 8.9 per cent above and Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland still lag behind.
The figures come weeks after the Bank of England moved to put curbs on riskier mortgage lending with a new cap on home loans and stronger checks to make sure borrowers can afford repayments.


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You Are Beautiful
This image speaks to me in so many ways. The incongruity of a gleaming Mid-Century Modern building in utter decay juxtaposed with this message of hope, love and self-esteem truly is beautiful.
KAUST Mosque
The Mosque at KAUST, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Western Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
A Freshly Traveled Road
Hello Fashion
Strike a Pose
A Quiet Moment
Pyramid in the Dark
Nightfall in the Kingdom
Night falls upon the Mosque at KAUST, the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Then the Snow Came
A wood-enshrouded shack in the deep of Winter as the snow falls.
The Sheltering Snow
A wood-enshrouded shack nestled in the deep of Winter.
After the Mumming
A discarded souvenir from the festivities
The 3028
The Conductor's box of the 3028 on the skids
Old City Scooter
Old City Scooter in the Summer
Arabia Revisited 5
A sultry evening outside the Mosque at KAUST, The King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, on the Red Sea in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Arabia Revisited 1
Arabia Revisited 3
Nautilus [B&W]
Sculpture of a fossilized nautilus outside the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
The Fall of the Gods [B&W]
A fallen sculpture in Autumn
The Fall of the Gods [color]
A fallen scuplture in Autumn
Winter's Gate
The snow-covered archway leading to Strawberry Mansion.
A woodpecker meets the end of the road.
Hat Boy
A boy and his hat
The Buck Stops Here
The neon sign in an old urban gun shop
Hare Today
A dead rabbit in da road
Oh, the Humanity
poop pole
C. in the sun
Curly Toes


text:
Select a design, then select the device that you would like to style.
In Stock - Worldwide Shipping
iPhone 11 Pro Hybrid Cases feature an exterior durable, impact resistant polycarbonate shell + shock absorbing inner TPU layer for superior protection. The polycarbonate shell is infused with stunning full color edge-to-edge graphics.
Make your Apple iPhone 11 Pro (5.8-inch display) uniquely yours.
iStyles iPhone 11 Pro Hybrid Case design of Green, Brown, Text, Yellow, Grass, Font, Pattern, Beige with green colors. Model A11PHC-SS-OLV.
The Matte finish is a non-glossy, satin-type finish that give Skins an arty look and feel (art pieces, professional photos, canvases are usually matte). It is fingerprint and smudge resistant, and looks gorgeous with most designs.
The Gloss finish is a shiny finish that gives Skins an expensive, classy and sophisticated look (like a really shiny car). Designs look more vibrant with a gloss finish.
View your Shopping Cart or Style Another Device with "Solid State Olive Drab"
Love my laptop skin! I wanted to put a skin on my new computer to help reduce the chance that a stranger might pick it up and walk away with it by making it more obviously "Mine." I loved the great assortment of offerings, and was finally able to choose something that really fit my lifestyle. It arrived quickly, was packaged very well, and was easy to apply to my computer. I would definitely recommend iStyles skins to other users.Brandy Schaffels, United States


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Thanks to K.L. Caley from new2writing for hosting #Maydays prompts. Today's prompt is man's bestfriend. We're to write about dogs.
I found it quite funny, dogs were today's #Maydays topic. I love dogs and if you have followed me for a while you know I had a dog named Nikki who passed away about two-years-ago. She was a Miniature American-Eskimo – Terrier Cross with a great deal of personality. Nikki was a pack dog and loved her family but was not so friendly around strangers.
It's funny with pets, you never realize what an impact and presence they are in your life until they pass away. Nikki became ill and in about three-months she was gone. She is my favourite dog ever and lived about twelve-years. She loved to run, I think running so far was hard on her body as well as some other problems, we never were able to find out.
But today was an excellent day to have this prompt because my brother J visited with his room mate's dog Cooper. Cooper is one of those fluffy dogs with hair that needs trimming often. Unlike Nikki, Cooper doesn't lose his hair. And there's something to be said for that.
Apparently, Cooper doesn't give kisses but he gave me a few; he must have been feeling generous. It is hilarious when you hear how people sound when they talk to a dog. Their voice pitch goes high and they talk cutesy. Dogs such as Cooper, love it when your voice does this, they get excited because they hear high-pitched sounds as something good; I read that somewhere.
Down in the basement, Cooper visited my Mom and I came down and we played "go-go" or "zoomies" as Jodi from Life Inbetween calls them with her dog Charlie. We were trying to wear Cooper out and we did. Eventually, he went home with my brother. J sent me a photo of Cooper lying on the couch, not moving a muscle. He texted me: " [Cooper] hasn't moved since getting home."
I don't know who was more excited by Cooper's visit, my family and I, or Cooper. But I think my Mom is coming around about not having another dog and would be in favour of getting a small dog such as Cooper. I'm crossing my fingers.
©Mandibelle16. (2016) All Rights Reserved.


text: Make your portraits pop off the page with Portrait Innovations' new line of professionally made personalized photo gifts and keepsakes! Now there are more ways than ever to share and enjoy your beautiful portraits with family and friends. Create captivating page-turners with personalized photo books. Showcase your portraits with custom photo canvases. Spark smiles every day with photo wall calendars. The possibilities are endless. Personalized portrait products come packaged for convenient gift giving.


text:
Age-related macular degeneration is an eye disease that causes blurry vision and makes it hard to read, drive, and see pictures or faces. It happens because of damage to the macula, the part of the eye that helps you see the fine detail in things that are in front of you.
There are two types of macular degeneration: wet and dry.
The wet form is much less common, but it is more sudden and severe.
Last Revised:
November 12, 2012
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & Christopher J. Rudnisky, MD, MPH, FRCSC - Ophthalmology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


text:
Stars at the Cannes Film Festival are coming forward to support Lindsay Lohan during her currently ongoing legal turmoil.
"Oh yeah, it's extremely hard," Mary J. Blige, at the film festival to headline the 17th annual amfAR Cinema Against AIDS event, told Reuters. "It was hard for me when I was coming up, but it wasn't this hard. It's just so much about how you look and it's all about your outer appearance now that people are going crazy, like, women are going crazy trying to live up to what they look like on magazines and on television, and it's probably hard, period, when you have that much success at a young age.
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Lindsay Lohan - From Teen Queen To 'Mean Girl'
"She's a very talented young lady, so it's got to be torture for her right now, you know?" Mary continued.
Paris Hilton, who spent several weeks in jail in 2007 after violating her probation, offered a more general statement of support for her former party pal.
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Viva La Film! Stars Shine At 2010 Cannes Film Festival!
"You know, I just wish her the best. I wish everyone the best in life and I hope that she's OK," Paris told Reuters.
LiLo arrived at the French film festival earlier this week with plans to announce "Inferno," her upcoming biopic of porn star Linda Lovelace.
She missed her scheduled court date in Beverly Hills on Thursday, resulting in Judge Marsha Revel issuing an arrest warrant – which was recalled later on Thursday after a bond for 10% of the star's 0,000 bail was posted.
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Paris Hilton's Journey From 'Simple' To Superstar!
Lindsay is expected to return to LA Friday or Saturday, with her next court appearance scheduled for Monday. Judge Revel will preside after cutting her vacation plans short to be in attendance, LA Superior Court confirmed to Access on Friday. Judge Leslie E. Brown had previously been scheduled to preside over the hearing.
Lindsay and her attorney, Shawn Chapman Holley, attributed her absence in court to a "stolen" passport, something the embattled starlet suggested her father might have played a hand in, telling Us Weekly, "I always said my father had someone do it."
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Mug Shot Mania
However, in a statement to Access Hollywood on Thursday, Michael Lohan denied those allegations.
"It's a very sad, and of course, untrue, allegation," Michael said through his attorney, Lisa Bloom, in a statement.
Copyright 2010 by NBC Universal, Inc. All rights reserved.
This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Related Content from AccessHollywood.com:
PLAY IT NOW: AH Nation: Do You Really Believe Lindsay Lohan Lost Her Passport? (May 20, 2010)
PLAY IT NOW: Is The Party Over For Lindsay Lohan?
More from Access: [ Lindsay LohanParis HiltonMary J. Blige ]


text:
The Fusion table introduces a totally new product concept into the dining room. A unique product that addresses the current need for people to get together again. With its surprising Get2Gether concept the Fusion table adds multi-dimension to home entertainment.
Rather than exterior signs of wealth, it adds to your home interior know-how to entertain.
English version
Version française
Deusch version
Versione italiana
Versión española
Fusion Catalog 31-May-2013.pdf


text:
Plum Diore Spring Fashion Show 2008
Photos before, during and after the Plum Diore Spring Fashion Show on Friday, April 4 2008 in Cincinnati, OH. All models were from the New View agency; hair and makeup by Salon LA. This is the Full Gallery, with shots from the rehearsal, head shots of the models, crowd photos, the runway fashion show, and a few more crowd shots to end the night.Read More
Short on time? See the Best Of Gallery instead.
A variety of prints and gifts are available via the Buy Photo button above each image; orders are fulfilled by the lab and delivered directly to your door. If you have any questions, special requests, or are interested in bulk pricing please contact Ryan via email to: email@example.com.
Maximize your browser for the best view... clicking a large image will make it even bigger!


text:
This Week at Physics
This Week at Physics
|<< Spring 2012
|Fall 2012
|Spring 2013 >>
|Subscribe your calendar or receive email announcements of events
Event Number 2843
Thursday, December 6th, 2012
- NPAC (Nuclear/Particle/Astro/Cosmo) Forum
- Searching for Pulsars and Radio Transients with the Murchison Widefield Array
- Time: 2:30 pm
- Place: 4274 Chamberlin Hall
- Speaker: David Kaplan, UW Milwaukee, Department of Physics
- Abstract: As one of a new generation of widefield, low-frequency radio
telescopes, the Murchison Widefield Array has enormous potential to
conduct blind searches for radio transients and probe the nearby
pulsar population. We are working to develop a common framework
with the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP)
Variables and Slow Transients (VAST) survey to allow real-time
transient detection and characterization. I will discuss the expected
types of sources that we hope to discover with the full array and
review some of the initial results from our 32-element testbed.
- Host: Peter Timbie
- Add this event to your calendar
- Searching for Pulsars and Radio Transients with the Murchison Widefield Array


text:
'Candy Crush' Maker Tumbles in Debut
King Digital Shares Fall 16% Amid Weak Stock Market, Concerns About Future Hits
Investors were unwilling to advance to the next level with game maker King Digital Entertainment PLC, whose initial public offering suffered the worst first-day trading of any IPO this year.
Shares of the company fell sharply as soon as they started trading Wednesday morning and extended their losses in heavy trading. The shares ended the day down 15.6% at $19 on the New York Stock Exchange. That decline marked the worst opening day for an Internet company since online textbook company Chegg Inc. fell 23% in its November 2013...


text:
I have a problem with the shooting star algorithm. It's my final project and I need some help.
My question is how can I calculate the heuristic shooting star algorithm? I can use the pgrouting shooting star, but I don't understand how to calculate heuristic shooting star.
I have searched the calculating heuristic shooting star in internet book but I can't find it now.
Can you tell me about shooting star algorithm, not just source code , Mr Mario?


text:
Posts Taggedapp permissions
When I come across a site that asks me to login with my Facebook or an app that needs access to my Google details on my Android phone, I just grant the permission and move on. It's become so common for web properties to ask for these hook-ups to my personal accounts that I and many others like me have stopped even noticing which ones have access any more.
Now, it goes without saying that this isn't safe, nor is it advisable. Think about it this way: if a bunch of people had the keys to your private locker, wouldn't you want to know who they were, why they had the keys, and stop them if you feel like?
But most web apps don't offer an easy way for you to see these permissions and edit their access. These pages are usually tucked away deep in the recesses of your settings. But MyPermissions.org provides a one-stop easy access for all your app allowances, and gives heightened control to Chrome users with the MyPermissions Cleaner. Let's check it out. (more…)


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Alas, Hillary Clinton has continuously denied rumors of a possible Presidential run in 2016, but who's to say there aren't tons of other ready and able women to make history as the first Madam President?
Emily's List, which, with two million members, is the country's largest resource to date for women in politics, thinks that the next presidential race is primed for the election of a female POTUS. They've just announced their Madam President campaign, a long-term process that aims to build a strong voting base to vote a woman into the Oval Office.
And they've got the statistics to prove it: 86 percent of the country, men and women alike, say that the nation is ready for a female president, 75 percent say that electing a woman for the job would be great for the country, and a whopping 90 percent would definitely consider voting for a female candidate from their own party.
Consider, too, the increasing numbers of female Senators (up to 20!) and their positive impact on the Senate floor. Incidentally, we can also thank Emily's List for this, which, in the last few years helped to elect "the only pro-choice Democratic woman governor in the country, 19 new women to the House, six Senate incumbents, and three new Senators – all the first women to represent their states in the Senate."
They'll be campaigning in Iowa, Nevada, and New Hampshire in the next few months. But you can start supporting Emily's List and 2016's potential MPOTUS today by following the Twitter chat between Emily's List president – Stephanie Schriock's — @schriock1 — and the ladies who run Hello Giggles — @hellogiggles — (yes, that includes Zooey Deschanel). Follow along (and chime in!) using the hashtag #MPOTUS.
Don't forget to join us, @schriock1, and @hellogiggles at 3pm to chat about electing a woman president! Tweet questions to #MPOTUS!
— EMILY's List (@emilyslist) May 2, 2013
Follow Anna on Twitter: @annabreslaw
Image via Getty Images


text:
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text:
Synchronizing Cylinder Circuits
Some machines with multiple cylinders require that the cylinder strokes be perfectly synchronized for the machine to operate properly. If all the loads, line sizes and lengths, and friction of the cylinders and machine members are identical, they may stroke at the same time and rate. While line sizes and lengths, and machine loading can be controlled to some extent, friction changes constantly. Thus, when cylinders have to stroke together, use some method to synchronize them.
One way of synchronizing cylinders is with external mechanical hardware. Some common mechanisms are racks and pinions, crankshafts, cables and pulleys, and chains and sprockets. The accuracy of these methods depends on the strength of the hardware and the position of the load. Mechanical methods are the most common way to accurately synchronize air cylinders. One advantage of mechanical synchronization is that the cylinders can operate anyplace in the stroke without getting out of phase. The accuracy of mechanical synchronization is about ±0.005 to 0.010 in. -- depending on load variation and strength of the mechanism used.
The most accurate way to synchronize hydraulic cylinders is with servovalves. Servovalves independently control each cylinder with electronic position feedback, and compare each actuator's position with all others. This is the most expensive way to synchronize cylinders but the most accurate. Actuator position within ±0.001 to 0.002 in. of each other is attainable using good servo practices. (This type of synchronizing also works well with cylinders that never go to a home position.)
This chapter deals with ways to synchronize cylinders by using other fluid power components. These circuits show how to arrange the components to hold multiple cylinder positions in close proximity to each other. The simplest circuit uses only flow controls to build resistance to hold the fast cylinder back. The accuracy of flow-control synchronizing is only fair to poor. Some of the more complex ways -- such as using tandem cylinders or a master-slave cylinder arrangement -- hold relative position as low as ±0.010 to 06 in.
To use fluid-power components to synchronize cylinders, all cylinders must come to a positive dead stop at the end of each cycle. Leakage in cylinder seals or valving causes minor position differences after each stroke. When the cylinders all bottom out or meet a positive, level stop, the error of each cycle cannot accumulate. This is the main reason not to use fluid-power synchronizing with cylinders that operate only in mid-stroke.
When testing cylinder synchronization on a machine, always start the circuit with the cylinders detached from the machine. Cycle the cylinders without any load attached. This allows a safe time for air purging and valve adjustment. Any sudden or out-of-control moves will not affect machine members.
Synchronizing with flow controls
The circuit in Figure 22-1 has no controls except the directional valve. If the pipes are all the same relative size and all the same length; if the load is centered; and if friction of all parts is identical, the cylinders might travel exactly together. Some of these variables are controllable, but things like friction may change even during a single cycle. With the setup in Figure 22.1, the cylinders actually move one at a time until they hit end of stroke or bind up mechanically.
With the off-center load shown in Figure 22-2, the cylinder farthest from the load would extend until it stroked out or locked up -- before the opposite cylinder starts to stroke.
Adding meter-out flow controls to each cylinder port, as in Figure 22-3, adds variable resistance for each cylinder. The added resistance may need to be changed throughout the day because of many factors that affect cylinder movement.
Flow-control synchronizing circuits work with air or hydraulic cylinders. For air cylinders, the problem of compressibility increases potential instability. However, without going to a mechanical or hydraulic option like the tandem-cylinder circuit described in Chapter 3, it is the only way to synchronize air cylinders using fluid power alone.
With flow controls, the cylinders stay reasonably synchronized only if load position does not change. If the load moves, cylinder force must change to maintain synchronization. If load position change is infrequent, resetting flow controls is an option.
Even with hydraulics, another problem with uneven loads is what happens if the cylinder does not stroke all the way. If the cylinder stops in mid stroke, as in Figure 22-4, oil from the loaded cylinder can transfer to the opposite cylinder and throw the platen out of synchronization. Figure 22-5 shows pilot-operated check valves added to the cap-end lines to overcome oil transfer during mid-stroke stopping. With these check valves in place, oil cannot transfer when the cylinders stop in mid-stroke, so the cylinders maintain their positions.
Another problem with flow-control synchronization is the maximum lifting force. With two identical cylinders positioned parallel to each other, the platen should be able to lift twice each cylinder's force. However, this is only true if the load is centered. With a double load positioned over one cylinder, that cylinder would stall while the opposite cylinder tries to extend. When using flow-control synchronization, size each cylinder to carry the whole load if the load might get off center.
When controlling hydraulic cylinders, it is best to use pressure-compensated flow controls. Pressure-compensated flow controls maintain a constant flow when load differences cause a change in pressure drop.
Double-rod end cylinders in series
Figure 22-7 shows a fairly accurate way of synchronizing cylinders using double-rod end cylinders piped in series. Oil from the directional valve extends the first cylinder, the first cylinder's top port supplies oil to extend the second cylinder, and the second cylinder's top port connects to the other port of the directional valve. In this arrangement, oil trapped between the cylinders must have a means of replenishing or draining. As this circuit operates, cylinder seal leakage either depletes the trapped volume or adds to it. Either situation alters synchronization adversely.
Figure 22-7. Synchronizing circuit with double-rod end cylinders in series flow -- at rest with pump running.
In Figure 22-7, when 2-position, spring-centered, single-solenoid, tandem-center leveling valve D is deenergized, it allows oil to flow from cylinder (A) to cylinder (E). The valve is deenergized while the cylinders extend and retract to do work. (Figure 22-10 shows how the cylinders are leveled at the end of a cycle.)
Energizing solenoid A1 of the main directional valve, as in Figure 22-8, sends oil to cylinder (A) , causing it to extend. Oil from the opposite end of cylinder (A) flows through leveling valve (D) to the push end of cylinder (E). Oil from the opposite end of cylinder (E) flows to tank through the main directional valve. When the trapped volume is completely full and if all seals do not leak, the cylinders synchronize nearly perfectly, regardless of load position.
To retract the cylinders, energize solenoid B1 of the main directional valve as in Figure 22-9. This sends oil to the retract side of cylinder (E). Oil from the opposite end of cylinder (E) flows through leveling valve (D) to the top of cylinder (A). Oil from the opposite end of cylinder (A)flows to tank through the counterbalance valve and main directional valve.
Figure 22-10 shows how the cylinders maintain synchronization as they cycle. When the platen nears bottom, it contacts limit switches B and F. If the switches make simultaneously, no leveling occurs. If one limit switch makes before the other, the cylinders obviously are out of synchronization, so solenoid C1 on the leveling valve energizes. With solenoids B1 and C1 energized, pump oil flows to the retract sides of cylinders (A) and (E), forcing them to retract fully. Cylinders (A) and (E) can retract because the extend sides of both cylinders have a direct path to tank. When both limit switches make, the leveling valve and retract solenoids deenergize. (This leveling circuit also works for horizontally mounted cylinders.)
With series cylinder synchronizing, load placement is not important. The cylinders stay level regardless of load position or weight. The only things a heavy off-center load might cause are more seal leakage, or oil volume changes due to compressibility.
It is important to note that, because the cylinders are in series, they each have to be able to lift the total load. No matter the load placement, or the number of cylinders in series, each one must be capable of lifting the entire load. At the same time only one cylinder's volume is considered when calculating pump flow.
Other ways to use cylinders in series
To save cost, reduce potential leakage at the extra rod seals, and eliminate space needed for the second rod, use the circuit in Figure 22-11. The cylinders in this circuit oppose one another, so one extends while the other retracts. This is one way to synchronize single-rod cylinders in a series circuit. Connecting identical rod end volumes together allows series synchronization the same as double-rod end cylinders. Space for the top cylinder could be a problem on some machines so the circuit in Figure 22-12, although more expensive, works equally well. (Use the same tandem-center valve makeup circuit as seen in Chapter 21, figures 7-10 to level the cylinders after each stroke.)
Mounting is more conventional using three single-rod cylinders piped as in Figure 22-12. The only purpose of cylinder (B) is to connect equal areas. This design is still less expensive than two double-rod cylinders and it has one less leak source. This circuit requires make up valves that allow cylinder (C) to retract, cylinder (A) to retract without cavitation, and cylinder (B) to stroke if the other two do not reach home position simultaneously.
Figures 22-13 through 14 show how to attain reasonable synchronization with a set of equalizing flow controls on single-rod end cylinders in series. The cylinders are extending in Figure 22-13. Oil from the directional valve goes through needle valve (C) to the cap end of cylinder (B), thus controlling its speed. At the same time, some bleed oil from the directional valve goes through needle valve (D) to the cap end of cylinder (A). Set needle valve (D) to make up for lower oil volume as it transfers from the rod end of cylinder (B) to the cap end of cylinder (A). Without needle valve (D), cylinder (A) would lag every cycle and be out of synchronization. Changing flow at needle valve (C) means readjusting needle valve (D) also. Both needle valves work best if they are pressure compensated. This is a problem in this circuit because there is bi-directional flow. Refer to Chapter 10, Figure 10-4 to see a pressure-compensated needle valve piped for bi-directional flow.
To retract the cylinders, the directional valve shifts as in Figure 22-14, porting oil to the rod end of cylinder (A). As cylinder (A) retracts, oil from its cap end transfers to the rod end of cylinder (B). Excess oil volume from cylinder (A) goes directly to tank through needle valve (D). Needle valve (C) controls the up and down speeds of the platen.
Each cylinder in a series circuit must be powerful enough to lift the entire load. When load position changes, it affects synchronization due to the resulting change in pressure drop across needle valve (D). An off-center load that is too heavy for one cylinder to lift still allows oil transfer through needle valve (D), throwing the platen out of synchronization. Add pilot-operated check valves (E)if the cylinders must stop in mid stroke. Without these pilot-operated checks, oil transfer through needle valve (D) allows the cylinders to drift.
Double-pump-and-valve synchronizing circuit
Figures 22-15 through 18 illustrate a common way of synchronizing cylinders. Many designers use this circuit and consider it to be one of the best ways to synchronize cylinders. It is reasonably accurate, but may allow the cylinders to get out of phase in certain conditions.
The two pumps in Figure 22-15 have identical flow. They are attached to two double-solenoid, spring-centered valves that are piped to two matching cylinders. Both pumps have a relief valve set at the same maximum pressure. Because both pumps have the same flow and both cylinders use the same volume, the cylinders will stroke at approximately the same rate.
The cylinders are shown extending in Figure 22-16. Energizing solenoids A1 and A2 on the directional valves simultaneously causes the cylinders to extend at the same rate. If one cylinder's load needs more pressure, the pump for that side continues to feed nearly the same flow until the relief valve dumps.
To retract the cylinders, energize solenoids B1 and B2 on both directional valves simultaneously, as in Figure 22-17. The cylinders retract at the same rate.
Should the cylinders get out of phase, Figure 22-18 shows how they re-synchronize. Because a separate pump and valve control each cylinder, separate limit switches drop out the retract solenoids after the cylinders reach home. This leveling happens automatically during each cycle, so position errors do not accumulate.
A major problem with this synchronizing circuit is the difficulty of finding two identical pumps. Even pumps manufactured at the same time often have slightly different flows. Any flow variation of the pumps lets the cylinders get out of phase. Another problem is efficiency. As pressure climbs, pump efficiency allows more slip oil, valves leak more, and some cylinder seals bypass more. All of these losses add up to poor performance especially if the cylinders have long strokes.
On top of that, what happens if one solenoid is sluggish or fails to operate? This makes one cylinder start late or not start at all. Starting late causes the cylinders to be out of phase; not starting at all may damage the machine.
This circuit has the same force problem as a flow-control synchronizing circuit. Each cylinder has to be able to lift the entire load. If the load on this circuit gets too heavy for one cylinder, its pump dumps across the relief valve and the cylinder stops. Again the other cylinder continues extending until it damages itself or the machine.
Double-pump-and-valve synchronizing circuit improvement
The circuit changes shown in Figure 22-19 overcome most of the problems mentioned about Figures 22.-5 through 18. Instead of two cylinders as before, use two or more pairs of cylinders. Connect half of the cylinders to each pump/valve combination. Pipe port A of directional valve (E) to the caps of cylinders (A) and (C). Hook port B of directional valve (E) to the rod ports of cylinders (B) and (D). Pipe port A of directional valve (F) to the cap end of cylinders (B) and (D) with its B port hooked to the rod ports of cylinders (A) and (C). Piping the circuit this way uses one pump and valve to extend two cylinders, while this same valve retracts the cylinders extended by the other pump and valve.
Should a solenoid fail, as in Figure 22-19, the platen will not move because, while cylinders (A) and (C) may be trying to extend, oil from their rod end ports cannot get back to tank through valve (F). Also, blocked inlet flow to cylinders (B) and (D) at valve (F) prevents them from stroking -- although leakage past the spool in valve (F) may allow minor movement.
After both directional valves shift and the cylinders are stroking as in Figure 22-20, the pairs of cylinders try to stay level. If pump (G) produces higher flow, cylinders (A) and (C) try to run ahead. Because cylinder (B) is between them, it will either hold the other cylinders back or be dragged along by them. The platen must be strong enough to transmit this differential cylinder loading without flexing.
This circuit is less load-sensitive because the load is always over a pair of cylinders operated by different pumps. Both pumps will relieve to tank before the load stops moving. However, the lightly loaded cylinders can move ahead in relation to the stiffness of the platen and the distance between cylinders.
Use only one limit switch for this cylinder arrangement. To re-phase the cylinders, shift both directional valves to send the cylinders to home position. One relief valve bypasses fluid until the lagging cylinders reach the positive stop.
Spool-type flow-divider synchronizing circuit
Spool-type flow dividers split flow from a single conductor into two separate flows. The split flows may be at different rates if needed, but for cylinder synchronization, they usually are equal. Spool-type flow dividers basically consist of two pressure- compensated flow controls in one body. In this arrangement, each flow control's pressure drop modifies the opposite flow output. Because these flow controls constantly look at each other's pressure drop, they split flow relatively well. (Most manufacturers claim about ±5%, depending on the pressure differential at the outlets.)
One problem with spool-type flow dividers is that they do not allow reverse flow. Even if they did, there would be no guarantee of equal flow. A spool-type flow divider/combiner allows forward and reverse flow, and equally splits or combines the two flows. Normally a flow divider/combiner is the component of choice in cylinder synchronizing circuits. Figure 22-21 shows a spool-type flow divider/combiner synchronizing circuit. It is similar to a double-pump circuit, but only uses one pump and valve. Flow is split downstream from the single directional valve.
In Figure 22-22, the cylinders are extending. Shifting solenoid A1 on the directional valve sends oil to the flow divider, which sends half pump flow to each cylinder. Even when there is a pressure difference at the cylinders, flows are close to equal. The cylinders extend at about the same rate even with an off-center load. Each cylinder must develop enough force to lift the load above it. If one cylinder reaches its force limit and stops, the opposite cylinder tries but does not completely stop -- due to internal leakage past the flow divider spool. (Figure 22-24 shows the condition of the flow divider when cylinder (B) stalls as it retracts.)
Figure 22-23 shows the circuit after energizing solenoid B1 on the 4-way directional valve. Oil flows to the cylinder rod ends while fluid from the cylinder cap ends combines equally at the flow divider and flows on to tank. The flow divider holds back the cylinder that wants to get ahead -- thus maintaining synchronization. When the cylinders reach bottom, they re-phase automatically if the directional valve is left in the down mode long enough. Internal leakage in the flow divider spool allows the lagging cylinder to continue stroking. (Some flow-divider brands have integral bypasses that operate when the pressure differential reaches a pre-set limit.)
Because the flow divider has a common path internally, fluid can flow between the cap end ports. If the cylinders need to stop in mid-stroke, always use pilot-operated check valves (C) to prevent oil transfer. Control an overrunning load with counterbalance valve (E) between the flow divider and directional valve.
Spool-type flow dividers waste energy. Notice the gauge reading at each cylinder as it extends, PG2 shows 800 psi while PG3 reads 300 psi. In this situation, gauge PG1 at the pump reads 800 psi. The 500-psi drop across the right side of the flow divider generates heat when the cylinders extend.
Spool type flow dividers only split flow into two outputs. It would take three spool-type flow dividers to split flow four ways.
Motor-type flow divider synchronizing circuit
Motor-type flow dividers do not waste energy and are more versatile. One motor-type flow divider can splits flow from a pump and run two or more cylinders in unison. Plus, they offer multiple outlets -- up to ten or more -- and can pass unequal flows when required.
A motor-type flow divider consists of two or more hydraulic motors in one housing. The motors have a common shaft. Thus, when one motor turns, all motors turn. The motors share a common inlet but have separate outlets. Fluid from the pump enters all motors at once, rotating then in unison. If the motors are the same size, output from each section is an equal portion of inlet oil. Because a mechanical motor -- instead of an orifice -- splits flow, there is no energy loss due to different outlet pressures. Figure 22-25 shows a motor-type flow divider synchronizing two cylinders. The flow divider is installed between the directional valve and the cylinders in this circuit.
In Figure 22-26, solenoid A1 is energized to shift the 4-way directional valve. This sends oil to the flow divider, which sends equal volumes to each cylinder. The accuracy of motor-type flow dividers depends on the amount of pressure difference at the outlets. The motors have internal slippage that increases as pressure drop increases. The greater the pressure difference, the greater the flow difference and loss of synchronization.
In Figure 22-27, the cylinders are retracting. Energizing solenoid B1 on the directional valve sends oil from the pump to the cylinders' rod ends. As the cylinders retract, oil flows from the cylinders' cap ends through the flow divider to tank. The flow divider combines the cylinder flows and maintains synchronization when the cylinders travel freely.
If one cylinder binds up and stops traveling, as in Figure 22-28, all oil from the pump goes to the free-moving cylinder. The flow divider section that is not getting oil from the stopped cylinder continues to turn and cavitate, causing the free cylinder to retract at twice speed. When there is a chance of cylinder binding, install a motor-type flow divider at both ends of the cylinders. A flow divider on the rod end forces the binding cylinder to synchronize or stalls them both.
The internal slip of motor-type flow dividers is usually sufficient to level the cylinders. Another option is integral relief valves that allow fluid to bypass a motor at a predetermined adjustable pressure.
As mentioned, an advantage of motor-type flow dividers is that they waste little energy. Notice the gauge values in Figure 22-26. The left cylinder requires 900 psi, while the right cylinder only needs 300 psi. With those conditions, the inlet pressure to a spool-type flow divider has to be 900 psi. With a motor-type flow divider, the inlet pressure only has to be 600 psi. Because the motor-type flow divider has a mechanical link through a common shaft, energy transfer between sections lowers the required pressure at the inlet.
Another advantage is that motor-type flow dividers with two, three, even ten or more outlets are common. Instead of stacking 2-outlet spool-type dividers, use only one multiple-outlet motor-type flow divider for many circuits.
One caution: motor-type flow dividers will intensify outlet pressure as they operate. (See Chapter 11 for an explanation of motor-type flow divider intensification.) With a 2-outlet equal-flow divider, if relief valve pressure is over half the maximum rated pressure of any component it feeds, install a relief valve at each outlet. The outlet relief valves protect the cylinders, valves, and lines from excess pressure.
Master-and-slave cylinder synchronizing circuit
Figures 22-29 through 32 show one of the most accurate ways to hydraulically synchronize cylinders. Figure 22-29 shows the circuit at rest. Cylinder (C) -- mechanically linked to two cylinders (D) -- provides the driving force. The (D) cylinders have the same bore, stroke, and rod diameter as working cylinders (A) and (B). One cylinder (D) connects to cylinder (A), while the other cylinder (D) connects to cylinder (B). In case of external leakage, makeup check valves (H) let oil into the dead areas of cylinders (A), (B), and(D) at low pressure. A 75-psi backpressure check valve in the tank line gives sufficient pressure to make sure the trapped oil volume stays full. Leveling valves (J) through (M) retract the cylinders to home position when they get out of phase. Limit switches (F) and (G) indicate cylinder home positions and operate the leveling valves when the cylinders get out of synchronization. Counterbalance valve (E) stops the cylinders from running away while they retract.
Force from cylinder (C) is enough to do the whole operation by itself. This cylinder produces all the force and passes it on to slave cylinder (D), then to the working cylinders (A) and (B).
The location of the load on the platen affects synchronization only slightly. Energy transfer from the master/slave linkage moves the same volume of oil regardless of pressure. Cylinder (A)operates at twice pressure with the load above it as with a centered load. To protect the cylinders from overpressure, set the relief valve for no more than half the cylinder pressure rating.
Figure 22-30 shows solenoid A1on the 4-way directional valve shifted to extend cylinder (C). Cylinder (C) pushes cylinders (D), and oil from the cap ends of cylinders (D)flows equally to the cap ends of cylinders (A)and (B). Oil from the rod ends of cylinders (A)and (B)returns to the rod sides of cylinders (D). Cylinders (A)and (B) extend in unison if cylinder (C) has enough power to do the job. If one working cylinder stalls, both stop.
To retract the working cylinders, energize solenoid B1 on the 4-way directional valve as in Figure 22-31. Cylinder (C) then retracts and pulls both slave cylinders (D) back, forcing working cylinders (A) and(B) to retract also.
If the working cylinders get out of synchronization, the circuit diagram in Figure 22-32 shows how they level. While solenoid B1 on the 4-way directional valve stays shifted, energize solenoids A2 through A5 on directional valves (J) through (M). This directs pump oil to the rod sides of cylinders (A), (B) and(C), and to the cap sides of both (D) cylinders. At the same time, oil from the cap sides of cylinders (A), (B) and(C) and the rod sides of both cylinders (D) flows to tank. In this condition, the pump forces all cylinders to their home positions, ready for the next cycle.
This circuit is an accurate but expensive way to synchronize cylinders. One advantage is that the master and slave cylinder can be located remotely, to leave the work area less cluttered. Also, energy transfer minimizes the required cylinder size and still handles off-center loads.
Tandem-cylinder synchronizing circuit
Figure 22.-3 shows another very accurate way to synchronize cylinders. The tandem cylinders in this circuit must meet in center even when they run into unequal forces.
Tandem cylinders consist of two cylinders in one housing. They have four ports and the back cylinder is single-rod end while the front cylinder is double-rod end. Because the front cylinder is double-rod end, it has equal areas and volumes on both sides of the piston.
Notice the 4-way directional valve supplies the single-rod cylinders in a conventional manner. The double-rod cylinders have the front port of the left cylinder connected to the back port of the right cylinder and the front port of the right cylinder connected to the back port of the left cylinder.
The tandem cylinders move in unison and transfer energy because hydraulic flow ties them together. If either cylinder stalls, both cylinders stop. Before the cylinders stop, energy transfers through the tandem cylinders and tries to force the lagging cylinder to do its work. The lagging cylinder may see as much as double force before stalling.
The two check valves (C), fed from a 75-psi backpressure check valve in the tank line, allow makeup oil into the trapped volume of the tandem cylinders. The pump makes up for leakage in the trapped volume through check valves (C). Makeup pressure is equal on both sides of both cylinders so the 75 psi has no effect on them. Always furnish bleed ports at both ends of the tandem cylinders to purge any trapped air.
The 2-way, normally closed directional valve (D) between the tandem cylinder connecting lines opens to level the cylinders at one end of the stroke. Leakage at the cylinder piston seals may allow the cylinders to get out of phase. Valve (D) opens when limit switches (E) and(F) do not make simultaneously as the cylinders retract. When one limit makes first, valve (D) opens and allows fluid transfer from one end of the double-rod end cylinder to the other, until both limits make.
In Figure 22-34, solenoid A1 of the 4-way directional valve is energized and the cylinders extend. As they extend, oil transfer in the tandem cylinders maintains near perfect synchronization. If either cylinder tries to lag, power transfers hydraulically through the tandem cylinder lines to keep them in unison. When the load is too great for both cylinders, they stall.
Figure 22-35 shows the cylinders retracting. Energizing solenoid B1 of the 4-way directional valve sends fluid to the rod ends of the single-rod cylinders. As the cylinders retract, the double-rod end cylinders cross piping keeps the machine in synchronization, the same as when they extend.
When the cylinders get close to home, they level or re-phase when necessary, as pictured in Figure 22-36. Limit switches (E) and (F) both have to make to center the 4-way directional valve. If one limit switch makes early, solenoid C1 of 2-way directional valve (D)energizes, allowing the lagging cylinder to transfer oil until it makes its limit switch.
This synchronizing circuit works equally well with air as the power source to the single-rod end cylinders. Use oil in the tandem cylinders because it does not compress. Oversize the oil flow lines for a velocity of 2 to 4 fps to maintain a reasonable speed. Install a makeup oil tank with check valves to feed the tandem cylinders when necessary.


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meeotch wrote:Ahh, thanks, I did read that before and forgot. So what I'm seeing with the background editing is, removing the actual background and replacing it with a basic single-color or gradiented background would be okay, but putting the vehicle on the sands of Tattooine is not okay.
Master_M39 wrote:What about Atlantis?
onions wrote:- Pilot must be seated in the cockpit pod and visible in at least one of the two photos submitted.
Blackknight112 wrote:here is my entry:
[*link to pic from above so it's not wasting space]
It is Nizam''s podracer
(I only removed the background and add the power thing)
onions wrote:if you removing backgrounds on your image, choose a plain white or some other solid or gradient colored background. if you superimpose your podracer on the sands of tatooine, you are adding an image, thus disqualifying yourself.
Mister Ed wrote:onions wrote:- Pilot must be seated in the cockpit pod and visible in at least one of the two photos submitted.
Unless the Podracer is its own pilot, right? I.E. My Toy Story RC-pod idea?
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Aside from Mardi Gras Day, the most significant day for the Mardi Gras Indians is their Super Sunday which will take place on Sunday, March 17, 2019. The New Orleans Mardi Gras Indian Council always has their Indian Sunday on the third Sunday of March, around St. Joseph's Day. Their festivities begin at noon in A.L. Davis Park (at Washington & LaSalle Streets) where the Mardi Gras Indians once again dress in their feathers and suits and take to the streets to meet other "gangs".
Also, the Tamborine and Fan organization traditionally put on their annual "Super Sunday" parade on the Sunday closest to St. Joseph's Day, with their event beginning at Bayou St. John. In recent years, there has been yet a third Super Sunday called Big Sunday, which falls in April during the open weekend between French Quarter Festival and Jazz Fest.
Nobody is completely certain when the tradition of Mardi Gras Indians "masking" on St. Joseph's night began. However, there have been reports of Indians on St. Joseph's night dating back to before World War I. The custom seems to have come about simply because it was a good opportunity. With all of the Catholic Italians celebrating this holiday in the streets, the Indians were able to blend in and celebrate as well.
Before 1969, the Indians celebrated by coming out at night to meet and greet other "gangs". In 1969, the first parade was created and rolled through town at night. In 1970, it was switched to a day parade on Sunday afternoon, and has continued in that tradition to this day.
An Example Of A Super Sunday Procession Is As Follows:
- Begins at noon in A.L. Davis Park at Washington Avenue and LaSalle Street
- Starts on LaSalle
- Left at Martin Luther King Blvd
- Left at Claiborne
- Left at Washington Avenue
- Ends back at A.L. Davis Park
The daytime parades make the Indians accessible to the general public and allow visitors and locals alike to admire their amazing costumes, crowns, and accessories. If time permits, make it a point to take part in this very unique New Orleans tradition.
Super Sunday, as well as all Indian parades and gatherings, are highly susceptible to last minute cancellations and changes.