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Marilyn Monroe 'Stars' With Candace Parker, Kevin Love, John Madden In Citi Campaign
By Barry Janoff
September 8, 2012: Financial firm Citi must believe that some like it hot when it comes to activating its Private Pass entertainment access program, bringing in the late, great Marilyn Monroe to co-star along with the likes of WNBA star Candace Parker, NBA all-star and U.S. Olympic team member Kevin Love and NFL icon John Madden.
The campaign, "More," also will include such A-Listers as Alicia Keys, Carlos Santana, Daniel Boulud and Giada De Laurentiis.
Each of the personalities featured in the campaign has been or will be part of a Citi Private Pass event, according to Citi.
"Citi's access to the best in dining, sports and entertainment enables us to tap into our customers' passion areas and earn their loyalty," Vanessa Colella, head of North America marketing for Citi, said in a statement, "This multifaceted campaign uses a variety of channels to engage customers and illustrate how we are providing them with unforgettable experiences."
The campaign includes TV, print, digital and social media, ads in Citibank branches and outdoor ads in New York (Bryant Park), Los Angeles (The Grove shopping center) and Chicago (Ogilvy Station).
In the lead TV spot, "The Ex," a guy named Jack is dumped by his girlfriend, who calls him, "Boring. Boring. Boring." Rather than become despondent, Jack goes to the Citi Private Pass Web site in an attempt to add excitement to his life.
"That's where I met Marilyn, Glada and Alicia," he says, referring to his presence at an exclusive gallery showing that features photos of Marilyn Monroe, an invitation for a private cooking event with Food Network's Giada De Laurentiis and a backstage pass to an Alicia Keys concert.
A voiceover offers, "Use any Citi card to get the benefit of Citi Private Pass. More concerts. More events. More experiences."
"Who's boring now?" asks Jack, who apparently never thought of doing, or didn't want to do, these "exciting" things with his ex-girlfriend. Keys' first single from her next album, Girl On Fire, is featured in the commercial. (See the full spot here.)
Upcoming events include watching an NFL game in John Madden's production facility, attending the Candace Parker Basketball ProCamp and luncheon and spending time at the Kevin Love Basketball ProCamp.
"This multifaceted campaign uses a variety of channels to engage customers and illustrate how we are providing them with unforgettable experiences."
According to Ralph Andretta, head of co-brands and loyalty for Citi Cards, "These ads show how anyone with a Citi credit or debit card can get more music, sports and dining. Whether our customers want to see their kids' joy in playing with baseball legends or seeing their favorite band, we're offering exclusive access to experiences of a lifetime."
Among other recent activations, Citi was a first-time sponsor of the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic teams at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.


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Texas on the Potomac is pleased to share with you some of the best national political content from the Texas Tribune. Today, we offer you a story by the Trib's Emily Ramshaw.
Rob Johnson, the campaign manager for Rick Perry's failed presidential bid, has a new gig: running a Super PAC for Lt. Gov. David Dewhurst's Senate race.
Johnson has a familiarity and a history with Dewhurst. He ran his 2002 campaign, and he was a top aide to the lieutenant governor for eight years before running Perry's last gubernatorial race. Johnson briefly served as former U.S. House Speaker Newt Gingrich's presidential campaign manager until resigning in June, fanning rumors that Perry would run for president.
Back in Austin after Perry's high-profile flameout, Johnson established and is the executive director of the Texas Conservatives Fund, which he formed specifically to help Dewhurst succeed U.S. Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison. Johnson said Perry's former national finance director Margaret Lauderback, who also led the fundraising effort for the governor's 2010 re-election bid, is the Texas Conservatives Fund's finance director.
"Some of us who really know David Dewhurst, who know him well, know he's the proven conservative and can serve Texas in the U.S. Senate," Johnson said. "People around the state are excited about the opportunity to help him."
The Texas Conservatives Fund, which filed with the Federal Election Commission on Jan. 30, isn't the only super PAC established to aid Dewhurst. Former Harris County Republican Party chairman Gary Polland and San Francisco-based political consultant Bob Wickers recently formed the Conservative Renewal PAC.
Dewhurst's two super PACs have good company in the Republican primary. The Austin American-Statesman reported Friday that former NFL player and ESPN analyst Craig James has the support of a group called Real World Conservatives. And the Washington, D.C.-based Club for Growth Action PAC has pledged a half-million dollars in television ads to support former Texas Solicitor General Ted Cruz, according to The Washington Post.
This article originally appeared in The Texas Tribune at http://www.texastribune.org/texas-politics/rob-johnson/perry-campaign-manager-head-dewhurst-super-pac/.

subset: commoncrawl


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On the outer edges of east Russia stands a monument to human ingenuity and thirst for oil. Underneath the blue building pictured above is the world's longest oil well, running 7.67 miles below the surface, finished in only 60 days.
With oil crossing $100 and demand still rising in many countries, governments and corporations alike have been forced to work in the most remote parts of the world. Sakhalin Island, which lies north of Japan in the frozen Sea of Okhotsk, has been overtaken by the world's energy companies seeking to tap what may be 45 billion barrels of oil and natural gas under the waters. It's cold — temps hit -22 degrees last week — remote and wedged on top of an active earthquake zone, which makes it one of the best places to use "extended-reach drilling" — where wells may run horizontally for miles instead of boring straight down.
With the oil located several miles offshore, ExxonMobil and its partners built the Yastreb rig, the blue tower above. Designed by a Texas firm, the drill — a 3,000-hp, 230-ft. tall monster — hit a total length of 40,502 feet on the well named OP-11, with a horizontal reach of 37,648 feet. It's the sixth drilling record set at the site using Yastreb, which can move along special tracks to drill new wells. The natural gas from the site is mostly sent to Russia, China and Japan, while the oil can make it all the way to California.
This being oil exploration, ExxonMobil's also going the hard route with a ocean rig, the Orlan, moored off the coast. Instead of balancing on iron or steel risers, the Orlan rests on reinforced concrete, to resist the pressure from the ice floes that surround it most of the year.
Given how long it took ExxonMobil to dig this well, and the popularity of extended-range drilling to reach the oil the world demands, this record should stand a few months at best.
Photo: ExxonMobil


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When in doubt, whip out the soft plastics
Over the past couple of weeks, I've had the opportunity to fish from Sabine Lake to the Lower Laguna Madre, and during that time, I used a passel of lures to catch trout up to the 7-pound mark. One thing that I've found to be true for many years, especially here on Sabine Lake and East Galveston Bay, is this: When in doubt, whip the soft plastic out.
Last week about this time, I was fishing with Capt. Bruce Shuler out of Port Mansfield. The first afternoon on the water, four of us were out on the Laguna and wade fishing in about 3 feet of gin clear water. The only malfunction was that the wind was blowing a gale. I was thinking the afternoon fishing jaunt was blown out, that is until Shuler tossed a new soft plastic my way. It's called Wedgetail Mullet, and it's part of the all new Egret Saltwater line of baits.
"That's a swimmer, or better known as a swim bait," said Shuler. "It's simple to use and will catch trout in just about any situation."
I'm not that keen on swim baits of any type. That's mainly because I have no confidence in them. The first rule of thumb when using a lure is to have confidence in the bait.
I tied on the 5-inch long Wedgetail Mullet, slipped out of the boat to begin a wade on the white-capped flat. This ain't no lie: Within about 45 minutes, my new swim bait had caught a dozen trout to about 3 pounds. This particular soft plastic is 5 inches long, and it can be rigged on a conventional lead head jig, or with a SwimMax 6/0 hook. We ended up fishing them both ways last week. Much of that time we were fishing in some pretty thick vegetation. When the Wedgetail is rigged on a SwimMax hook, it's weedless. The hook comes with a VLock screw in the center of the nose. You take the lure and twist it up on the screw, then slide the point of the hook up through and out the back of the bait. It's simple and will not hang up on weeds.
I've never seen a simpler bait to fish. Once it's rigged, you simply cast it out and reel it in on a slow and steady retrieve. On my first wade with this lure, the trout were shooting out of the grass and thumping it pretty good. We ended up catching both reds and trout on Wedgetail Mullets in a variety of colors. The best seemed to be red over yellow and chartreuse over white.
What makes this particular soft plastic so good is the signature wedge tail. It's a fat wedge of plastic that produces a very tight thumping motion.
Another new soft plastic I've used with good success lately is the Bayou Chub. This is a 3.5-inch minnow-shaped lure that's built with a round paddle tail. This past Sunday I used a copper Bayou Chub with a chartreuse tail to catch an easy limit of reds that were feeding in brackish colored water on a backwater estuary lake out of Port O'Connor. We had rigged the tails on 1/8-ounce lead head jigs.
Many fishermen along the Texas coast like to use the sickle-tailed soft plastics on a fast jerk/jerk/jerk retrieve. The paddle tail jigs seem to work best on a slow and steady retrieve. It's the thumping tail that gets the attention of trout and reds.
Believe it or not, there's a lot of difference in the lead heads that jigs are rigged on. They come in all sorts of colors, sizes and have various hook sizes and styles. I fish with a lot of professional anglers and guides and just about all of them agree that an unpainted jig head is best. Egret Bait Company has just come out with a jig head that's pretty much close to perfect. The lead heads are not painted and have a pair of bright red eyes. Plus they are mounted on high quality hooks. Right behind the lead head are two ribs that hold the soft plastics snug without any slippage. They are made in 3/16, 5/16, 7/16 and 1/2 ounce sizes. The 3/16-ounce head is perfect for most shallow water fishing situations like you'll find in Bessie Heights Marsh and Keith Lake. The reason why is simple – you want a slow falling soft plastic to get the attention of trout and reds. What you don't want to do is fish a fast falling jig that retrieves a wad of grass.
The newest and hottest soft plastic jig color for reds is a copper/glitter finish. An olive/green or white/chartreuse is usually best for trout. The LSU color pattern is good for both reds and trout on Sabine Lake and East Bay.
East Texas freshwater fishing report
SAM RAYBURN – Water lightly stained; 68-71 degrees; 8.53 feet low. Largemouth bass are fair on chartreuse Senkos, lizards and Brush Hogs. White bass are fair on jigging spoons. Crappie are good on minnows and tube jigs in shallow areas. Bream are good on nightcrawlers and crickets. Catfish are good on trotlines baited with live bait.
TOLEDO BEND – Water stained; 69-72 degrees; 8.09 feet low. Black bass are good on chartreuse crankbaits, spinnerbaits and soft plastics. Striped bass are fair on minnows and silver striper jigs. White bass are fair on silver spoons and slabs in the river. Crappie are good on minnows and chartreuse jigs. Channel and blue catfish are good on trotlines baited with live bait, cut bait, and shrimp.
CONROE – Water fairly clear; 68-71 degrees; 2.28 feet low. Black bass are good on green pumpkin Carolina rigged soft plastics, spinnerbaits and crankbaits. Striped bass are fair on minnows. Crappie are fair on minnows and green tube jigs. Catfish are good on stinkbait, liver, and cheesebait.
FORK – Water fairly clear; 68-76 degrees; 3.47 feet low. Black bass are good on BoHonk Echo Magic bladed jigs, Texas rigs with Jackall Casuteki Craws and watermelon/green pumpkin jigs. A few fish are still on beds with most fish in a post spawn pattern. Crappie are good on minnows and jigs. Catfish are good on cut shad and prepared bait.
HOUSTON COUNTY – Water clear; 76-80 degrees; 0.14 feet high. Black bass to 10 pounds are good on pumpkinseed, red, and black/blue craw worms. Crappie are fair on live minnows over brush piles in creek channels. Bream are good on live worms off piers. Channel and blue catfish to 8 pounds are very good on trotlines and juglines baited with shad.
Upper Texas coast fishing report
NORTH SABINE – Trout are fair to good on the Louisiana shoreline on topwaters and Corkies. Redfish are good in the marsh and the Louisiana shoreline on live bait.
SOUTH SABINE – Sheepshead and black drum are good at the jetty on live shrimp. Trout are fair to good around slicks and pods of shad.
BOLIVAR – Trout are fair to good on the south shoreline on Bass Assassins, Trout Killers and Sand Eels. Black drum, sand trout and redfish are good at Rollover Pass.
TRINITY BAY – Trout are good for drifters working pods of shad and mullet on Bass Assassins, Trout Killers and Sand Eels. Waders have taken better trout on the shell along the east shoreline.
EAST GALVESTON BAY – Trout are good on the south shoreline on Catch 5s, MirrOlures and Catch 2000s. Whiting and sand trout are good on the edge of the Intracoastal on fresh shrimp.


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|Home >> Course Descriptions >> College of Arts and Sciences
|Guitar Ensemble (upper dvision).
|One semester hour.
This course requires participation in a select group of guitarists and other instrumentalist sharing experience in reading and performing of guitar literature for small instrumental ensembles. Repertoires studied and performed include classical, flamenco, new age, and contemporary as well as selected works written for instruments of the lute and guitar family, including original compositions by student composer-arrangers. Open to all students with sight-reading ability. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Course fee: $30.00.
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CEO of Bit Discovery, Professional Hacker, Black Belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Off-Road Race Car Driver, Founder of WhiteHat Security, and Maui resident.
Wednesday, November 29, 2006
Bypassing Mozilla Port Blocking
7 comments:
- Josh said...
that's odd. I get 'This address is restricted ... Firefox has cancelled the request ..." when I tried to access an ssh server via the ftp method you showed.
- November 30, 2006 at 10:19 AM
- Jeremiah Grossman said...
Hmmm, the ftp link should have given a "The connection has timed out" message after a minute or two.
- November 30, 2006 at 10:27 AM
- Josh said...
Just to follow up, when testing on firefox on a debian fox I got the "Firefox has cencelled this request" message. When I tested on firefox on WinXP I did get the "connection has timed out"
- November 30, 2006 at 11:58 AM
Hate to be a nick picker, but I doubt it was RSnake who found this first. He was most likely the person you know who found this first. I bet the first person was the person who implemented this predicted behavior into firefox.
- December 1, 2006 at 1:44 PM
- Jeremiah Grossman said...
That's probably fair enough.
- December 1, 2006 at 1:46 PM
- Boris Zbarsky said...
Port blocking applies to FTP in Gecko. Port 22 specifically is allowed for FTP, see https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=147496
- December 3, 2006 at 9:24 AM
- Patricio said...
awesome, firefox has been upgraded because of it. Congrats.
- March 23, 2007 at 8:57 PM


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Join Kim (@TinyRayofSunshine), Kara (@Boho.Berry), and me (@prettyprintsandpaper) in another #PlanWithMeChallenge! Today I'll share how it works and how you can play along. I'm kind of in shock the year is over – though, perhaps I'm ready for the new year to bring some new energy!
The core of the challenge is: HOW do we best use our systems to help us create the life we imagine for ourselves? How can we use planning as a tool to foster intention as we live our lives more the way we'd want? There is no one-size-fits-all system – and part of discovering our own is doing, experimenting, and learning about possibilities.
Here are the basics: there are prompts for every day of the month and you post your response to the prompt on Instagram or Facebook. The joy is that we feel a little more accountable to each other – and the key is that you share WHY and HOW you do things the way you do to help the rest of us refine our own systems and process. So join us, no matter what planner you use, to refine your own system or share your wisdom with others.
Here's how you play along.
- Spread the word using the hashtag by posting the challenge photo (below) on social media. We are all on Instagram as well as in a Facebook Group (#PlanWithMeChallenge) so there are more ways to play. The more the merrier!
- Download and print Kara's awesome sketch printable of our challenge to put in your planner.
- Follow along with us on Instagram if you'd like – I'm @prettyprintsandpaper, Kim is @tinyrayofsunshine, and Kara is @boho.berry. NEW: a @planwithmechallenge Instagram account! We will be reposting some awesome ideas that you have to share with everyone.
- There are 28 prompts, one for each day. However you interpret them, post your own photo and caption response on Facebook or Instagram, remembering to focus on explaining the HOW and your strategy behind the prompts. For example, you could look at the prompt "goal planning" and show us a picture of your fitness tracker or goal maps and explain how these things help you reach your goals. If a prompt doesn't necessarily apply to you, don't feel like you have to post! On Instagram, use the #PlanWithMeChallenge hashtag so we can find you (as long as your account is public!), along with other relevant hashtags like #plannercommunity or #plannerlove. On Facebook, post your photos under the post of the day. I love seeing your posts via @ mentions, but I'll ask you not tag me in the photo itself!
- Join us when you can! This is supposed to be fun, so if you can't post on the exact day, don't sweat it. It is an invitation, not an expectation.
- Check out the hashtag or the Facebook threads to connect with others – ask questions, offer your thoughts or advice, or offer encouragement.
We love getting new fresh ideas – because we've run this challenge for over a year, we definitely could use some suggestions. Leave me a comment and we can incorporate it into next month!


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For discussion of Electric Universe and Plasma Cosmology. The ideas and opinions expressed on this forum do not necessarily reflect those of T-Bolts Group Inc or The Thunderbolts Project(TM)
oz93666 wrote:This subject was raise on another forum , and I found myself lamenting that no clear picture has emerged from this book .... all I've come away with is that Saturn was at one time much closer, and near the pole star...
What I'm looking for is a picture of the ancient solar/saturn system ... what were the orbits and distances of the planets, moon and sun? ...Obviously we can't be precise , but Talbot has been looking at this for a long time now , he and others must have some ideas.
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Narcolepsy is reported to affect 26-56/100,000 in the general population. We aimed to describe clinical and polysomnographic features of a large narcolepsy cohort in order to comprehensively characterize the narcoleptic spectrum.
We performed a chart- and polysomnographybased review of all narcolepsy patients of the Innsbruck narcolepsy cohort.
A total of 100 consecutive narcolepsy patients (87 with cataplexy [NC], 13 without cataplexy [N]) were included in the analysis. All subjects had either excessive daytime sleepiness or cataplexy as their initial presenting clinical feature. Age at symptom onset was 20 (6-69) years. Diagnostic delay was 6.5 (0-39) years. The complete narcolepsy tetrad was present in 36/100 patients; 28/100 patients had three cardinal symptoms; 29/100 had two; and 7/100 had only excessive daytime sleepiness. Severity varied broadly with respect to excessive daytime sleepiness (median Epworth Sleepiness Scale score: 18, range 10-24), cataplexy (8-point Likert scale: median 4.5, range 1-8), hypnagogic hallucinations (median 4.5, range 1-7), and sleep paralysis (median 3, range 1-7). Sleep comorbidity was highly prevalent and ranged from sleeprelated movement disorders (n = 55/100), parasomnias (n = 34/100), and sleeprelated breathing disorders (n = 24/100), to insomnia (n = 28/100). REM sleep without atonia or a periodic limb movement in sleep index > 5/h were present in most patients (90/100 and 75/100). A high percentage of narcoleptic patients in the present study had high frequency leg movements (35%) and excessive fragmentary myoclonus (22%). Of the narcolepsy patients with clinical features of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), 76.5% had EMG evidence for RBD on the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), based on a standard cutoff of a minimum of 18% of 3-sec miniepochs.
This study is one of the largest monocentric polysomnographic studies to date of patients with narcolepsy and confirms the frequent comorbidity of narcolepsy with many other sleep disorders. Our study is the first to evaluate the percentage of patients with high frequency leg movements and excessive fragmentary myoclonus in narcolepsy and is the first to demonstrate EMG evidence of RBD in the MSLT. These findings add to the growing body of literature suggesting that motor instability is a key feature of narcolepsy.
Frauscher B; Ehrmann L; Mitterling T; Gabelia D; Gschliesser V; Brandauer E; Poewe W; Högl B. Delayed diagnosis, range of severity, and multiple sleep comorbidities: a clinical and polysomnographic analysis of 100 patients of the Innsbruck narcolepsy cohort. J Clin Sleep Med 2013;9(8):805-812.
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with a reported prevalence of 0.026 to 0.056 % in the general adult population,1,2 although it has been suggested that up to 2.3% of subjects in the general population fulfill diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy.3 There is ongoing evidence that hypocretin deficiency results from an autoimmune attack on hypocretin cells, and recent genetic findings underline the importance of antigen presentation by HLA class II to T cells in its pathophysiology.4
Cardinal features of narcolepsy are excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and disturbed nocturnal sleep.5 According to cataplexy status, two main categories of narcolepsy are differentiated.5 A diagnosis of narcolepsy with cataplexy requires polysomnography demonstrating a sleep latency < 8 minutes plus ≥ 2 sleep onset REM episodes in the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), or alternatively assessment of hypocretin-1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid ≤ 110 pg/mL.5
Current knowledge/Study Rationale: Studies on large, well defined series of narcolepsy patients have focused primarily on clinical features of narcolepsy. In contrast, there is paucity of data concerning thoroughly documented polysomnographic comorbidity in large narcolepsy patient samples.
Study Impact: This study is the largest monocentric polysomnographic series to date of patients with narcolepsy with a special emphasis on motor phenomena during sleep. Presence of REM sleep without atonia, a periodic leg movement in sleep index > 5/h, and sleep fragmentation can be regarded as further polysomnographic hallmarks of the disease, whereas insomnia does not speak against a diagnosis of narcolepsy.
Studies on large, welldefined series of narcolepsy patients have focused primarily on clinical features of narcolepsy,6–8 while there is paucity of data concerning thorougly documented polysomnographic comorbidity in large narcolepsy patient samples.9,10
In this light, we aimed to thoroughly describe the entity of narcolepsy concerning both clinical and polysomnographic characteristics with a special focus on sleeprelated movement disorders, based on a large tertiary-referral cohort with definite narcolepsy.
The Innsbruck sleep laboratory is a tertiary sleep disorder referral center serving a population of about 2 million. It is the only academic facility for diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders in Western Austria and South Tyrol (Northern Italy), but serves patients from other parts of Austria as well. Patients represent the full spectrum of sleep disorders according to major categories of the second edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2).5
All patients who were entered into our clinical database since 1998 and met the diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy according to ICSD-2 criteria were included in this study. All subjects had either excessive daytime sleepiness or cataplexy as their initial presenting clinical feature. In addition to a comprehensive sleep history, all patients underwent HLA testing and polysomnographic workup. MSLT was done in all patients admitted for diagnostic evaluation or reevaluation of narcolepsy. In a minority of patients (n = 13) who were diagnosed at external sleep centers and had an unambiguous history of cataplexy (n = 13), positive MSLT testing (n = 13), or positive cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 results (n = 1), MSLT was either not repeated (n = 5) or repeated while maintaining preexisting medication (7 antidepressants, 1 sodium oxybate). Assessment of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations were performed only when needed for diagnostic purposes according to the guidelines of the European Federation of Neurological Societies for cerebrospinal fluid investigations.11
For this study, all consecutive narcolepsy patients of the Innsbruck narcolepsy database were selected. The database included information on demographics (age, gender, body mass index), narcolepsyspecific clinical information (age at disease onset, age at diagnosis, presence and severity of daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, or hypnagogic hallucinations), information on narcolepsy workup (HLA typing, MSLT, hypocretin-1 measurements when needed for a diagnosis), as well as sleep comorbidities according to ICSD-2 categories (insomnia, sleeprelated breathing disorders, parasomnias, sleeprelated movement disorders).5 Severity of daytime sleepiness was assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score12; severity of cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations was scored on an 8-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (referring to rare and mild symptoms) to 8 (referring to very frequent and severe symptoms) as used for the genetic collaboration with the Stanford Center for Narcolepsy.13 Body mass index (BMI) percentiles of narcolepsy patients were compared to BMI percentiles obtained from the general population.14 In addition, we reviewed the polysomnographic recordings of all patients to determine the presence or absence of sleeprelated motor phenomena such as REM sleep without atonia,5 periodic leg movement in sleep index > 5/h,15 high frequency leg movements (alternative terms: hypnagogic foot tremor and alternating leg muscle activation during sleep),16 excessive fragmentary myoclonus,17 and bruxism.18 The presence or absence of REM sleep without atonia during polysomnography was rated in line with the current ICSD-2 criteria.5 No quantitative scoring of EMG activity during REM sleep was performed.19
In order to answer the question as to whether EMG features of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in narcolepsy are apparent during the MSLT, REM sleeprelated EMG activity in the mentalis muscle was quantified during the MSLT in the group of narcolepsy patients with RBD.19 For the MSLT, every 30-sec epoch was divided into ten 3-second miniepochs. The percentage of miniepochs with "any" EMG activity was divided by the total number of miniepochs.19 Motor events during sleep in the MSLT were assessed with the RBD severity scale.20 These polysomnographic data were added to the existing database for further analyses.
The establishment of a narcolepsy database was approved by the local ethics committee of Innsbruck Medical University, and all patients gave written informed consent.
SPSS for Macintosh, version 19.0 was used for data analysis. Normality was tested by using the Shapiro-Wilks test. All values are presented as means ± standard deviation in the case of normal distributions, or as medians (range) in the case of nonnormal distributions. For assessing associations between narcolepsy subtype narcolepsy-cataplexy (NC) or narcolepsy without cataplexy (N), gender, and clinical as well as polysomnographic correlates, nonparametric statistics (χ2 tests and Mann-Whitney U tests) were performed. For correlation analysis, a Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated. P-values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.
As of May 2012, 100 patients (56 men, 44 women) with established narcolepsy were registered in our sleep centre's clinical database. The median age was 39 (range 16-78) years. The median age at symptom onset was 21 (6-69) years. The median Epworth sleepiness score at time of diagnosis was 18 (10-24). The majority of cases had NC (87%); 13% of patients had N. The severity of cataplexy varied markedly (median 4.5 [range 1-8]) on an 8-point Likert scale. Additional cardinal features were sleeprelated hallucinations in 56% of patients and sleep paralysis in 50% of patients. For severity of sleeprelated hallucinations and sleep paralysis see Table 1. The complete narcolepsy tetrad was present in 36% of cases; 28% of patients had 3 cardinal symptoms; 29% had two cardinal symptoms; and 7% had only excessive daytime sleepiness. The median body mass index of the total group was 26.2 (18.2-43.0) kg/m2. Twenty-three percent of patients (12 men, 11 women) had a BMI > 30 kg/m2. More narcolepsy patients than expected were found for BMI percentiles > 50 (60 observed compared to 50 expected) and > 90 (14 observed compared to 10 expected). Sleep paralysis, sleeprelated hallucinations, as well as daytime sleepiness indicated by the Epworth score tended to be more severe in NC than N patients. No other variables differed between both groups (see Table 1). Concerning gender, women had higher Epworth scores than men (19 [10-23] vs. 17 [11-24], p = 0.038). The following features did not differ between male and female narcolepsy patients: presence and severity of cataplexy (presence women vs. men: 38/44 vs. 49/56, severity: 5 [2-7] vs. 5 [3-8]), sleep paralysis (presence: 25/44 vs. 25/56, severity: 3 [1-7] vs. 4 [2-6]), hypnagogic hallucinations (presence: 28/44 vs. 28/56, severity: 5 [1-7] vs. 4 [3-7]), age at first symptoms (21.5 [12-69] vs. 20 [6-54] years), interval between first symptoms and diagnosis (8.5 [0-39] vs. 5 [0-36] years), and BMI (25.2 [18.2-43] vs. 26.4 [20.1-33.8], all ps > 0.05).
Demographic and clinical characteristics of narcolepsy patients
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All patients underwent HLA typing for DQB1*0602 and DRB1*1501. HLADQA1*0102 was assessed in 48 cases. Ninety-three percent of patients were HLA DQB1*0602 positive; 92% were DRB1*1501 positive; and 44 (92%) were DQA1*0102 positive. All patients but one who were DQB1*0602 positive were also positive for DRB1*1501. DQB1*0602 and DRB1*1501 but not DQA1*0102 differed according to cataplexy status (NC vs. N: DQB1*0602: 85/87 vs. 8/13, p < 0.001; DRB1*1501: 84/87 vs. 8/13, p = 0.001; DQA1*0102: 39/41 vs. 5/7, p = 0.096).
Ninety-five patients (87 untreated, 8 treated [7 antidepressants, 1 sodium oxybate]) underwent a MSLT after a night of polysomnography. In the combined group of treated and untreated narcolepsy patients, the median sleep latency on the MSLT was 2.5 (0.1-11.7) min and the median number of sleep onset REM episodes (SOREMs) was 4 (0-5).
In the untreated group, the median sleep latency was 2.5 (0.1-11) min and the median number of SOREMs was 4 (0-5). 84 patients had 5 MSLT runs, 2 patients had 4 MSLT runs, and 1 patient had 3 MSLT runs. Four subjects from the untreated group did not fullfill polysomnographic criteria for a diagnosis of narcolepsy. Two subjects from the untreated group with definite cataplexy had a sleep latency > 8 min (9 and 11 min, respectively) with multiple SOREMs; 2 subjects from the untreated group with definite cataplexy had a short sleep latency < 8 min, with 0 and 1 SOREM, respectively. The two latter patients underwent lumbar puncture. Both had a non-detectable hypcretin-1 level in the cerebrospinal fluid.
In the treated group, the median sleep latency was 4.0 (1.2-11.7) min, and a median of 0.5 SOREMs (0-2) were detected. The MSLT sleep latency did not differ between NC and N patients (2.2 [0.1-11.0] vs. 2.9 [0.2-6.8] min; p = 0.216), whereas the number of SOREMs was higher in the NC group than the N group (4 [0-5] vs. 2 [2-5]; p = 0.004). Men and women did not differ in median MSLT sleep latency (2.5 [0.3-11] min vs. 2.5 [0.1-6.8]; p = 0.373) or number of SOREMs (4 [0-5] vs. 4 [2-5]; p = 0.651).
Eight percent of cases (all with cataplexy) underwent hypocretin-1 testing in the cerebrospinal fluid. In all 8 patients, hypocretin-1 was either undetectable (n = 5) or < 45 pg/mL (n = 3).
A maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) was performed in 10 patients: 5 of these patients participated in the H3A trial (3 × before treatment initiation, 2 in doubleblind phase), 3 patients were on methylphenidate (20, 2 × 40 mg), and 2 patients were on modafinil (200 mg, 400 mg). The median sleep latency in the MWT was 5.9 (0.5-20) min in these 10 patients.
The median age at symptom onset was 20 (6-69) years. The median age at diagnosis was 32 (12-74) years. The median diagnostic delay was 6.5 (median 0-39) years (see Figure 1). In the majority of NC cases, excessive daytime sleepiness occurred at a median of 3 years (0.02-30) before cataplexy (55/86, 64%) or at the same time as cataplexy (27/86, 31.4%). Cataplexy was the first symptom in only 4 patients (4.7%). There was no difference in diagnostic delay in regard to either cataplexy status (cataplexy vs. noncataplexy: 7 [0-39] vs. 6 [2-26] years, p = 0.930) or gender (men vs. women: 5 [0-35] vs. 8.5 [0-39] years; p = 0.595).
Dots represent the individual narcolepsy patients' years to diagnosis. The line represents the median diagnostic delay, which was 6.5 years (range 0-39).
Diagnostic delay of narcolepsy diagnosisDots represent the individual narcolepsy patients' years to diagnosis. The line represents the median diagnostic delay, which was 6.5 years (range 0-39).
The majority of patients were referred by medical specialists (n = 45/73, 61.6%), predominantly neurologists (n = 27); 11 (15.1%) were referred via the national narcolepsy patient group; 10 (13.7%) by their general practitioner; and 7 (9.5%) referred themselves by either wordofmouth recommendation or information obtained in the internet or media. Gender or cataplexy status did not influence the mode of referral (all ps > 0.05).
Of the total sample of 100 narcolepsy cases, 67% took daily medication for narcolepsy symptoms at followup consultation. The majority took either wakepromoting drugs alone (n = 29) or in combination with anticataplectic medication (n = 30). Eight subjects took anticataplectic medication alone. For further details see Table 2. In addition, 17% of patients took ondemand medication (16 wakepromoting medication: 13 modafinil, 3 methylphenidate; 1 clomipramine). Sixteen percent of patients took no medication at all. Cataplexy status and gender did not influence the use of wakepromoting medication (all ps > 0.05).
Medication of the narcolepsy cohort
Sleep comorbidity was highly prevalent and ranged from sleeprelated breathing disorders (24%), insomnia (defined as difficulty in initiating or maintining sleep plus relevant disturbance of daytime functioning due to insomnia in addition to narcolepsy) (28%), parasomnias by history or at present (34%: 24 RBD, 10 NREM parasomnias), to sleeprelated movement disorders (55%: 31 bruxism, 24 restless legs syndrome [RLS]). None of the RBD patients in this study presented at the sleep center with a main complaint of symptoms suggestive of RBD; and only one patient wished for RBD specific therapy with clonazepam 0.5 mg after revealing a diagnosis of RBD.
Twenty-four percent of patients were diagnosed with sleeprelated breathing disorders: 14 had mild sleep apnea syndrome, as defined by an apneahypopnea index (AHI) between 5-15/h; 8 moderate sleep apnea syndrome with an AHI between 15-30/h; and 2 had severe sleep apnea syndrome with an AHI > 30/h. The majority had obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (21/24); 2/24 had mixed sleep apnea syndrome; and 1/24 central sleep apnea syndrome. The majority declined treatment when offered (18/24). Only the minority (6/24) accepted specific treatment for sleeprelated breathing disorder when offered (5 nasal continuous positive airways pressure therapy, 1 intraoral device). All patients of the apnea treated group had moderate and severe sleep apnea syndrome. Men tended to have sleep apnea syndrome more often (19/56 vs. 5/44; p = 0.063) than women.
Twenty-four of the 100 narcolepsy patients had RLS. The majority of the affected patients (19/24) declined to receive specific treatment when offered. At the time of the clinical interview, only 3 patients (12.5%) were on a daily therapy with pramipexole 0.18-0.27 mg; 2 (8.3%) additionally took pramipexole 0.088-0.18 mg on demand.
Parasomnias were present in 34 patients. RBD affected 24 patients and NREM parasomnias affected 10 patients. Of note, only one of the 34 patients wished specific treatment when offered. REM sleep without atonia was present in most patients (90%). A periodic limb movement in sleep index > 5/h was present in 75%. In addition, polysomnography revealed sleep fragmentation in 68% of cases, high frequency leg movements (hypnagogic foot tremor and alternating leg muscle activation during sleep) in 35% of cases, and excessive fragmentary myoclonus in 22% of cases. Frequency of cases with NREM parasomnias or periodic leg movements differed between NC and N patients (NC vs. N: 6/87 vs. 4/13, p = 0.024 and NC vs. N: 69/87 vs. 6/13, p = 0.017, respectively). Men more often had excessive fragmentary myoclonus (20/56 vs. 2/43; p < 0.001). There was a borderline association between a PLMS index > 5/h and the presence of high frequency leg movements (p = 0.055).
MSLT recordings of 17 of the 24 narcolepsy patients with RBD were available for this review. A mean of 10.7 ± 3.2 min of REM sleep were analyzed for each MSLT run with REM sleep. The percentage of 3-sec miniepochs having "any" EMG activity in the chin was 55.8 ± 18.2%. The SINBAR standard cutoff of 18% was exceeded in 13 of the 17 recordings. In 15 of the 17 recordings there was evidence of REM sleep without atonia when a cutoff of 15% was used.19 All video recordings showed visible movement activity during REM sleep. According to the Sixel-Döring classification,20 11 recordings were rated as a 2, meaning that proximal limb movements including violent behaviors were present. Six recordings were rated as a 1, meaning that small movements or jerks were present. Vocalizations (meaning a score of 1) were present in 9 recordings.
Psychiatric comorbidity based on patients' charts was present in 8 cases (2 major depression, 2 bipolar disorder, 2 substance abuse disorder, 1 anxiety disorder, 1 first manic episode with psychotic symptoms [acoustic hallucinations of a religious content]). Psychiatric symptoms started prior to narcolepsy onset in 6 of these 8 patients, 2 patients developed psychiatric comorbidity after onset of narcolepsy (major depression, first manic episode with psychotic symptoms). At time of the clinical interview, psychiatric comorbidity was remitted in 3 of the 8 patients (2 substance abuse disorder, 1 manic episode with psychotic symptoms), and the remaining 5 had an ongoing psychiatric disease (2 major depression, 2 bipolar depression, 1 anxiety disorder).
Educational level varied between patients ranging from subjects with a university degree (n = 14, 15.2%) to subjects with compulsory schooling of 9 years (n = 10, 10.9%). See Table 3 for further information. NC patients had a higher educational level than N patients although this difference was only borderline significant (p = 0.08). Men and women had a comparable educational level (p = 0.226). At the time of last followup, 57/92 subjects had a regular job, 17/92 were retired (8 early, 9 regular retirement), 12/92 unemployed, 5/92 on maternity leave, and 1/92 were studying at university.
Educational level of the Innsbruck narcolepsy cohort
Forty-six of the 92 patients (50%) answered positively to the question if they had difficulties at their work place due to narcolepsy. Twenty-one of these 46 patients (45.6%) selected or switched their jobs in order to better cope with their disease.
Twenty-eight of the 44 female narcolepsy patients (63.6%) had at least one pregnancy. None of the patients reported disease-related complications during pregnancy. During delivery, 2 of the 44 patients reported on disease-related complications (sleep attacks during delivery, prolonged awakening after anesthesia). Seven patients reported disease-related complications in the time period after delivery (sleep attacks during breastfeeding: n = 6, problems due to excessive daytime sleepiness: n = 5, cataplexy when holding the baby: n = 1). Of note, only a minority of patients took wakepromoting or anticataplectic medication when becoming pregnant (1 modafinil, 1 methylphenidate, 2 clomipramine). Abnormalities of development or malformations were not observed.
The current study is one of the largest monocentric polysomnographic studies to date of patients with definite narcolepsy9,10 and confirms the frequent comorbidity of narcolepsy with many other sleep disorders, some of which were previously investigated in a small number of studies only.9,21–24 One of the key and original findings of our study is that minor motor abnormalities during sleep which are classified in the ICSD-2 as "isolated symptoms, apparently normal variants and unresolved issues" such as high frequency leg movements (alternative terms: hypnagogic foot tremor and alternating leg mucsle activation during sleep) and excessive fragmentary myoclonus are common in narcolepsy patients with frequencies of 35% and 22%, respectively.
Other major findings are the considerable diagnostic delay between first symptoms and narcolepsy diagnosis, the diversity of narcolepsy symptoms and the various degrees of symptom severity as well as the marked proportion of significant sleep comorbidity in narcolepsy. In the present study, the median diagnostic delay is marked at with 6.5 years, with a range from 0 to 39 years. This diagnostic delay is well in line with that of other recent studies in both European and overseas countries.25,26 The presence of cataplexy surprisingly did not shorten the diagnostic interval. This might be explained by the fact that narcolepsy is still underrecognized by health care professionals. Especially in the light of the impact of a lifelong disabling diagnosis with important health, social and economic consequences such as narcolepsy,27 careful education of healthcare professionals on narcolepsy is crucial to reduce the current diagnostic interval.
The clinical spectrum of narcolepsy in this cohort is broad, ranging from patients with the complete narcoleptic tetrad to patients whose only complaint is excessive daytime sleepiness. In the present study, 36/100 patients had all four cardinal symptoms of narcolepsy, 28/100 patients had three cardinal symptoms, 29/100 two cardinal symptoms, and 7 had only excessive daytime sleepiness. Symptom severity also varied. Cataplexy severity ranged from patients with daily severe cataplectic attacks which have led to serious selfinjury in the past to patients with only very few attacks with involvement of the head/neck only on rare occasions without any relevant subjective complaint. Sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations, which affected half of our subjects varied also markedly in their frequency and severity. Surprisingly, 62% of patients had a regular job, perhaps pointing to minor severity or excellent coping strategies. The percentage of unemployment or early retirement is lower to that reported in a German study, which found that 59% of the patient collective were unemployed mainly due to the disease itself.28 Moreover, approximately onethird of subjects preferred to refrain from medication despite being offered or to take only ondemand medication when necessary, whereas twothirds of patients needed a daily treatment of narcoleptic symptoms.
In addition, we confirmed and expanded the knowledge on sleep comorbidity in narcolepsy. Ninety percent of the patients had REM sleep without atonia and 24% had a diagnosis of RBD, indicating symptomatic RBD. In contrast to the idiopathic form of RBD,29 RBD in narcolepsy affected both men and women equally. In addition, our findings confirm the results of Ferri et al. who demonstrated that in NC increased phasic and tonic electromyographic activity characteristic of REM sleep without atonia during REM sleep is present irrespective of the presence of a comorbidity of RBD.30 Our findings of the presence of REM sleep without atonia in narcolepsy are consistent with those of other authors who found REM sleep without atonia in up to 50% of narcolepsy cases.21 However, their figure of 50% is still admittedly lower than our figure of 90%. Part of the reason for this discrepancy may be that these other authors used a quantitative 20% EMG cutoff of tonic EMG activity in the chin for the definition of RWA.21 We on the other hand evaluated the presence of RWA qualitatively in line with the currently valid ICSD-2 criteria.5 We assume when applying a 20% cutoff—which was arbitrarily chosen for RBD at that time—our frequency of RWA might also have been lower. Moreover, the frequency of RBD in our narcolepsy cohort is intermediate to the frequencies reported in the literature so far, ranging from 12% to 36%22,23 compared to 0.5% in the general population.31,32 Of note, EMG typical features of RBD were not only present during the nocturnal videopolysomnography but also during the MSLT recording, and up to 80% of our narcolepsy RBD patients were above the recently published RBD cutoff value of 18% during the MSLT.19
Of note, 75% of subjects had a periodic leg movement in sleep index > 5/h, and approximately 20% of patients fulfilled minimal diagnostic criteria for RLS.33 In contrast, only a minority of patients considered themselves as needing treatment for the restless legs symptoms. The frequency of RLS is in line with a recent study showing that 15% of the investigated narcolepsy patients had RLS symptoms at least twice per week compared to 3% of agematched controls.24
The demonstration of a high amount of minor motor abnormalities during sleep in narcolepsy in the present study is consistent with a recent video analysis which demonstrated that motor events detected in timesynchronous videopolysomnography are very frequent during both NREM and REM sleep in narcolepsy patients compared to controls.34 Of note, in narcoleptic children wakefulness-related motor disturbances are frequently observed at disease onset.35 Based on high rates of REM sleep without atonia and periodic leg movements in sleep in narcolepsy, one might suggest both sleeprelated motor features and sleep fragmentation, (present in 68% of narcoleptics in this cohort) as additional hallmarks of narcolepsy, while insomnia, which was present in 28% of patients, does not exclude a diagnosis of narcolepsy.
Twenty-four percent of the patient cohort had predominantly obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. This frequency is increased compared to a prevalence of 4% in the general population,36 and is similar to the findings of other large studies in narcolepsy with prevalences ranging from 18% to 29%.10,37,38 The finding of multiple sleep comorbidities in narcolepsy strongly corroborates the recommendation of the ICSD-2 criteria to perform polysomnography even in definite NC. Of 100 narcolepsy patients in this series, all but 4 could be diagnosed based on clinical history and multiple sleep latency testing alone, suggesting that cerebrospinal fluid examinations for hypocretin/ orexin levels are not a diagnostic necessity.
Obesity defined as a BMI > 30 kg/m2 was present in 23% of narcolepsy patients. Moreoever, patients with narcolepsy in this cohort had a 1.5-fold increased percentage of subjects with BMI percentiles above 90, which was somewhat lower than the rate of obesity in narcolepsy reported by a German study (which found a mean BMI percentile of 75 and a threefold increased percentage of subjects with BMI percentiles above 90),39 and a Norwegian study which found that 29% of narcolepsy patients were obese.40 An association between obesity and the presence of cataplexy and hence a decreased or undetectable hypocretin/ orexin level has been claimed by some authors.41,42 In the present cohort, there was no difference between NC and N patients in regard to BMI, although this comparison is of limited value given the small sample size of 13 patients in the N group.
Findings of the current study revealed that presence of cataplexy went along with more severe excessive daytime sleepiness, more severe and frequent sleep paralysis, and sleeprelated hallucinations, as well as more sleep onset REM episodes and a higher association with DQB1*0602 and DQB1*0501, suggesting a continuum between N with milder disease features and NC with more severe features. Earlier clinical observation that men are more severely affected by narcolepsy than women was not confirmed by our study. On the contrary, women scored higher than men on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
One of the strenghs of the present study is that all included patients had symptoms of narcolepsy as their initial clinical presentation. Thus we feel that our findings are more likely to be generalizable to the general population of narcolepsy patients, barring the possibility that a community sample of narcoleptics could be milder and thus less likely to have as many comorbid sleep disorders. A polysomnographic study of a community sample is needed to further verify our findings. In addition, multicenter studies are highly warranted, as increasing substantially the number of patients allows for multivariate approaches.
Another potential caveat of this study is that questions on symptom onset were assessed retrospectively. Therefore some wrong estimations cannot totally be excluded.
In summary, this study demonstrates that the clinical spectrum of narcolepsy is broad in regard to symptom diversity and severity. Whether this clinical spectrum is responsible for the marked diagnostic delay of this disease remains speculative. Moreover, sleep comorbidities in narcolepsy are a nontrivial issue, which is an additional argument in favor of the use of polysomnography for a definite diagnosis of narcolepsy. Based on our data, presence of REM sleep without atonia, periodic leg movement in sleep indices > 5/h, and sleep fragmentation can be regarded as further polysomnographic hallmarks of the disease, whereas insomnia does not speak against a diagnosis of narcolepsy. The new finding of a high percentage of narcolepsy patients with high frequency leg movements as well as excessive fragmentary myoclonus adds to the literature suggesting that narcolepsy, in general, is characterized by motor instability.
This was not an industry supported study. Dr. Frauscher has served on the advisory board, as a speaker, or consulted for UCB and Mundipharma. Dr. Poewe has received consultancy and lecture fees from Abbott, Astra Zeneca, Teva, Novartis, GSK, Boehringer-Ingelheim, UCB, Orion Pharma, Merck Serono, and Merz Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Högl have served as a consultant, speaker, or on the advisory for UCB, Pfizer, Sanofi, Mundipharma, BI, GSK, Cephalon, Jazz, and UCB. The other authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.
The authors thank Harald Schennach, M.D., and Paul Hörtnagl, Ph.D., from the Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology of Innsbruck Medical University for skillfull HLA typing of the narcolepsy patients. We are also greatful to Arthur S. Walters, M.D., for his helpful review of the manuscript. Work for this study was performed at the Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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text:
SEADRIFT - On Saturday, Margie Ames, of Bay City, waited for word about her 62-year-old husband, Joe Ames, in the living room of their second home in Seadrift.
She last saw him Monday evening in Bay City.
"He was happy as a lark," Ames said. "He loved to fish."
The Coast Guard and Texas Parks and Wildlife game wardens spent Saturday searching for her husband, who has not returned from his Wednesday fishing trip.
Joe Ames spent four to six days a week fishing in Seadrift and returned home for two to three days.
The couple had a routine when he was away. He called every night at 9 p.m. to give Margie Ames the fishing report.
Tuesday night, Joe Ames told his wife he planned to fish near the wildlife refuge the next day.
He typically launched around daybreak and returned as late as 4 p.m. if he did not hit his limit earlier.
He did not call Ames Wednesday night.
She was surprised but not alarmed. She assumed her husband had a hard day of fishing.
She left him a voice mail message at 9:30 p.m.
"Did you fall asleep?" she said. "Did you forget about me?"
Nine o'clock rolled around Thursday night, and there was still no call. She left him another message.
"Let me know you're OK," she said.
Ames was worried.
Friday morning, she called her nephew who was supposed to fish with her husband Thursday.
Her nephew had called Joe Ames to let him know he could not make it but never reached him.
And the fisherman never called back.
Ames called her husband's good friend. The friend had last exchanged text messages with him around noon Wednesday.
Ames decided she better drive to Seadrift to check on her husband. She and her son arrived about 2:30 p.m. Friday.
They did not stop at the house because her husband's truck and trailer were not there. They found his truck at the harbor.
The missing fisherman had a good rapport with the bait dealers on the docks. They had not seen him for two days.
Ames went to the police station to report her husband's disappearance, and the officers followed protocol. They questioned Ames and checked the house to rule out foul play.
The police chief called the Coast Guard and the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and the search began about 4 p.m.
Joe Ames' boat was found anchored near the wildlife refuge about 5 p.m. His wallet and cellphone were still onboard, but his waders were missing.
Coast Guard officers searched for Joe Ames by boat and helicopter until 8 p.m. Parks and Wildlife game wardens also searched by boat.
They resumed their search early Saturday morning.
Her husband has a heart stent and a pacemaker, Ames said. But he was healthy otherwise.
She speculated that he could have had a stroke or a heart attack in the afternoon heat. Alligators, sharks and sting rays also entered her mind.
"A shark has bitten a fish off his stringer before," Ames said.
Ames and her husband of 32 years have owned their Seadrift fishing retreat for about three years. He hoped to have a long, happy retirement, she said.
Joe Ames had started fishing again after he retired from Conoco-Phillips eight years ago.
"Joe was close to the Lord," Margie said. "He was caring, hardworking - a good husband."
Ames hoped her husband did not suffer if a tragedy did happen.
The Coast Guard searched by jet, helicopter and boat Friday. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department searched by boat.
"The goal is to find him," said Lt. Tyrone Conner, public affairs officer for the Coast Guard. "We will keep searching."
"I hope they find him," Ames said. "If it was meant for the Lord to take him, I hope I have some sort of closure."
His happiest place was on the water, she said.


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SUZUKI GT250 Bolt Kit
Bullit Custom Cycles unpolished stainless fastener kits for your vintage motorcycle are available! The kits are sorted, labeled and include instructions. They're not just a random assortment of bolts! These are perfect for your basket case, restoration or what have you. These kits are all Allen socket for ease of use and specifically designed to fit the models listed below! *Product not exactly as shown* SUZUKI GT250 a:clutch cover 10 pieces b:magneto cover 3 pieces c:badge cover 2 pieces d:sprocket cover 5 pieces e:ram air cover (k/l/m models) 21 pieces f:oiler cover 4 pieces 45 pieces total
Manufacturer : Stainless
Category :
Stainless Bolt Kits & Hardware
Engine Parts
MC Parts


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2013 NAIA Women?s Cross Country Runner of the Week - No. 2
By: Sam Knehans, Communications & Sports Information Intern
KANSAS CITY, Mo. — Lindsey Martin of Columbia (Mo.) has been named the NAIA Women's Cross Country National Runner of the Week, the national office announced Wednesday. Martin was chosen for her performance during the week of Sept. 16 – 22 and was selected out of a pool of conference and independent award winners.
Martin, a sophomore from Lee's Summit, Mo., posted her first collegiate win on Sept. 21 at the Southern Stampede hosted by NCAA Division II Missouri Southern State. Her clocking of 18:01.16 on the 5-kilometer course was more than nine seconds faster than the second-place finisher. Martin helped her squad to a top place amongst 19 institutions, including several NCAA Division II programs. The mark was a personal record for her as well.
For the complete player of the week calendar, click here.
Nominees: Natalia Alfonzo, Missouri Baptist; Lee Anna Sanders , William Woods (Mo.); Leah Chance, Tennessee Wesleyan; Hannah Barnes, Truett-McConnell (Ga.); Cia Bywater, Concordia (Ore.); Hillary Holt, College of Idaho; Alexis Mitzel, Corban (Ore.); Jordan Wallace, Saint Xavier (Ill.); Hannah Schroder, Taylor (Ind.); Rebekah Mullins, Mount Vernon Nazarene (Ohio); Cendall Ogle, Huntington (Ind.); Leah Esposito, Carroll (Mont.); Alyssa Rapovy, Lewis-Clark State (Idaho); Ana Richter, Rocky Mountain (Mont.); Kaylee Franks, Arizona Christian; Jessa Sughroue, Doane (Neb.); Tiffany Shepherd, Morningside (Iowa); Catherine Fakler, Xavier (La.); Emily Nealley, Central Methodist (Mo.); Lauren Jaqua, Baker (Kan.); Kelsey Buffum, Southwestern (Kan.); Valarie Segay, Kansas Wesleyan; Katy Falkenberg, Asbury (Ky.); Hana Jiraskova, Point Park (Pa.); Meliah Carrel, Midway (Ky.); Morgan Stanley, Indiana East; Danielle Hoop, Cumberlands (Ky.); Sarah Biehl, Shawnee State (Ohio); Allie Antrim, Oklahoma Wesleyan; Talisa Budder, Haskell (Kan.); Cassie Stuflick, Clarke (Iowa); Liz Mosbach, Mount Mercy (Iowa); Joy Kibet, Wiley (Texas); Katrina Nolan, Oklahoma City; Deborah Park, Science & Arts (Okla.); Brittany Aikens, Brenau (Ga.); Katherine Toy, Auburn Montgomery (Ala.); Melissa Carder, USC Beaufort (S.C.); Ellie Staker, Embry-Riddle (Fla.); Lauren Dunleavy, Ave Maria (Fla.); Kaitlyn Jones, Southeastern (Fla.); Cindy Prieto, Warner (Fla.); Elleshiva Grootens, Johnson & Wales (Fla.); Rachael Steil, Aquinas (Mich.); Elaine Johnson, Siena Heights (Mich.).
2013 Women's Cross Country Composite Award Winners
Week 1 (September 18): Ayded Reyes, Cal State San Marcos
Week 2 (September 25): Lindsey Martin, Columbia (Mo.)


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Kendall has introduced COPA Foam dressings, and therefore, has discontinued the Curafoam dressings.
COPA Foam has been renamed Kendall Foam
WoundCareShop.com is an extension of Eagle Highland Pharmacy, an independent (still!) pharmacy located in Indianapolis, Indiana USA.
In the face of continuing pressure from pharmaceutical companies, insurance companies, Medicare policies and chain drugstores, Eagle Highland Pharmacy has remained an independent pharmacy by serving the needs of patients visiting health professionals in the nearby medical arts complex and by specializing in the areas of pharmacy that the large chain stores have decided not to support - such as advanced wound care and skin care products. This website is our latest effort to maintain and improve the level of support we can provide to customers looking for these wound and skin care supplies - and to continue to operate as a small, independent pharmacy.
Shopping on the Wound Care Shop site was great! It's set up to make finding what you need hassle-free. I found everything I needed on my first try! It was such a great experience that I will be back for more medical supplies.
Thanks so much for your help. I was not sure what I was looking for at first, but when I called, the customer service rep pointed me in the right direction very professionally and efficiently. She knew what she was talking about and I received the product I needed right away. Wound Care Shop was a positive experience.
I'm not usually technologically gifted, but Wound Care Shop made online shopping a piece of cake. It was easy to search through the categories and place my order. As a bonus, the order arrived very quickly. Plus, they stock a variety of products, which I will be trying in the near future.


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For our furniture products, we only use wood which has earned the highest level of prestige. It achieves this through top workmanship that can be both seen and felt.
For example, for our lacquered surfaces: The premium, quality lacquer with a good flow is thinly applied in 7 stages and results in a perfect, rich surface. The result is a non-porous uniformity that you would like to feel with your fingertips everyday anew. Rounded off by a matt, perfect reflection of light that can only be guaranteed by such a labour-intensive procedure.
Wood finishes
Wood finishes are produced with veneers made from grown wood. A complex process is used to adhere the veneer to the substrate material under high pressure, before it is ground and varnished with multiple layers. This gives the finish its natural character.
Varnished finishes
Varnished finishes are among the highest-quality furniture surfaces. In complex production steps, MDF substrate boards are primed, varnished multiple times and polished to achieve a high sheen.
Melamine finishes
Melamine finishes are boards that are coated across their entire area and finished with a thick edge all the way around.
Thermoform finishes
Thermoform finishes are manufactured using a thermoforming process. This process has the advantage of allowing the outer side and the side edges to be coated simultaneously, with no join.
Acrylic finishes
Acrylic finishes are high-gloss and create an excellent sense of depth. The fully-coated board and the edge are welded together to form a jointless unit using innovative laser technology.


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thelimitorder needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 108 designs submitted by 27 freelance designers.
Please check out our website at http://www.thelimitorder.com
Desired Color Scheme:
Make it match the website
Desired Style:
I will entertain all professional designs
Accepted File Formats:
All major graphical formats including black and white and greyscale
Please check out our website at http://www.thelimitorder.com
I do not want to limit the creativity of the artist in any way, so any submissions will be considered. I would like the logo to work for the theme of the website. Everything about what we do can be found on the website. Please make sure logo will work with current background image and color scheme of website.
I will be very prompt with feedback except for April 20th to 23rd, 2007 because I will be traveling.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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DM Tauri has alternative name(s) :- DM Tau.
More details on objects' alternative names can be found at Star Names .
The location of the T-Tauri star in the night sky is determined by the Right Ascension (R.A.) and Declination (Dec.), these are equivalent to the Longitude and Latitude on the Earth. The Right Ascension is how far expressed in time (hh:mm:ss) the star is along the celestial equator. If the R.A. is positive then its eastwards. The Declination is how far north or south the object is compared to the celestial equator and is expressed in degrees. For DM Tauri, the location is 04 33 48.7335659850 and +18 10 09.97447172 .
All stars like planets orbit round a central spot, in the case of planets, its the central star such as the Sun. In the case of a star, its the galactic centre. The constellations that we see today will be different than they were 50,000 years ago or 50,000 years from now. Proper Motion details the movements of these stars and are measured in milliarcseconds. The star is moving -18.36 milliarcseconds/year towards the north and 11.79 milliarcseconds/year east if we saw them in the horizon.
The Radial Velocity, that is the speed at which the star is moving away/towards the Sun is 18.60700 km/s . When the value is negative then the star and the Sun are getting closer to one another, likewise, a positive number means that two stars are moving away. Its nothing to fear as the stars are so far apart, they won't collide in our life-time, if ever.
Based on the star's spectral type of M2Ve C , DM Tauri's colour and type is red T-Tauri star. Based on the star's spectral, the stars temperature is between 2,400.00 and 3,700.00 degrees kelvin.
The Parallax of the star is given as 6.88970 which gives a calculated distance to DM Tauri of 473.41 light years from the Earth or 145.14 parsecs. It is about 2,783,000,037,918,853 miles from Earth.
The star is roughly 29,937,065.37 Astronomical Units from the Earth/Sun give or take a few. An Astronomical Unit is the distance between Earth and the Sun. The number of A.U. is the number of times that the star is from the Earth compared to the Sun.
The time it will take to travel to this star is dependent on how fast you are going. U.G. has done some calculations as to how long it will take going at differing speeds. A note about the calculations, when I'm talking about years, I'm talking non-leap years only (365 days).
The New Horizons space probe is the fastest probe that we've sent into space at the time of writing. Its primary mission was to visit Pluto which at the time of launch (2006), Pluto was still a planet.
|Speed (m.p.h.)
|Time (years)
|Airbus A380
|Speed of Sound (Mach 1)
|Concorde (Mach 2)
|New Horizons Probe
|Speed of Light
|Primary / Proper / Traditional Name
|DM Tauri
|Alternative Names
|DM Tau
|Spectral Type
|M2Ve C
|Constellation's Main Star
|Multiple Star System
|No / Unknown
|Star Type
|Milky Way
|Right Ascension (R.A.)
|04 33 48.7335659850
|Declination (Dec.)
|+18 10 09.97447172
|Distance from Earth
|6.88970 Parallax (milliarcseconds)
|473.41 Light Years
|145.14 Parsecs
|29,937,065.37 Astronomical Units
|Proper Motion Dec.
|-18.36100 milliarcseconds/year
|Proper Motion RA.
|11.78800 milliarcseconds/year
|Radial Velocity
|18.60700 km/s
|Exoplanet Count
|Calculated Temperature Range
|2,400.00 - 3,700.00
There's no register feature and no need to give an email address if you don't need to. All messages will be reviewed before being displayed. Comments may be merged or altered slightly such as if an email address is given in the main body of the comment.
You can decline to give a name which if that is the case, the comment will be attributed to a random star. A name is preferred even if its a random made up one by yourself.


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Flash Draw Created Oct 29, 2006 470 x 338px Unless noted Copyright 2006 ohitsrena.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
Post a comment
5/5 anyway. I like it [:
aww no ink left if u finish i would still 5/5 yay!
eesh!! I haven;t been on here in ages xDDD. Thankiess hahahaha kittys in loveee =O Thanks for the compliment on my myspace x3.
I love it rena! cool
I went to your Myspace it was sweet! When r u guys puting music on it?
awwwh, put one of you !! :D Thank-you little-j :)
Nice Job!!!
haha why thanks :]
thanks you guys ^^


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It was a great year in comedy, so selecting the best of the best and compiling it into an hour-long special was a tall order. We have done just that, however, and we're kicking a new year off with a bang and The Best Comedy of 2012, as curated by the Bullseye staff.
You'll hear selections from the following, all of which are available for purchase now:
New to Bullseye? Subscribe to the show in iTunes or via the RSS feed, or check out our SoundCloud page to share any or all of our interviews or recommendations!


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PAX Prime tickets on sale: get them while they're hot
PAX Prime tickets are now on sale. Grab them up while supplies last. They might just be out as we speak. Yes, they go that fast. Update: It looks like PAX Prime tickets are already all sold out. Gone in less than an hour.
Tickets headlines
PAX East close to selling out - get tickets now
PAX East organizers posted on the official site this week that the event in Boston is getting close to selling out.
BlizzCon 2009 - second block of tickets on sale tomorrow
The second lot of BlizzCon 2009 tickets will go on sale tomorrow, Blizzard just announced. You'll get your chance to buy one at 10 am PST. Tickets are priced at $125 each and will go on sale at the event's official site. The event itself takes place on August 21 and 22 at the Anaheim […]
BlizzCon tickets go on sale
As you can see from the official site, tickets for BlizzCon 08 are now on sale. The event takes place on October 10-11 in Anaheim, California, and tickets cost $100 each. Go on, buy a flight. It's only money.
2008 Blizzard Worldwide Invitational tickets on sale next week
From here: We're pleased to announce that tickets for the 2008 Blizzard Entertainment Worldwide Invitational will be available next week on the Worldwide Invitational website. This year's Worldwide Invitational will be held here in Europe, at the Porte de Versailles Exposition Centre in Paris, France, on the 28th and 29th of June. Both days of […]


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SAN DIEGO, June 15 (UPI) -- Google searches about major mental illnesses followed seasonal patterns, suggesting a stronger link with seasons than previously thought, U.S. researchers say.
Lead investigator John W. Ayers of the Graduate School of Public Health at San Diego State University said telephone surveys are used to try to glimpse inside the minds of respondents, but this approach is limited because respondents may be reluctant to honestly discuss their mental health. Surveys are also expensive so there is a lack of data, Ayers said.
"The Internet is a game changer," Ayers said in a statement. "By passively monitoring how individuals search online we can figuratively look inside the heads of searchers to understand population mental health patterns."
Using Google's public database of queries, the study team identified and monitored mental health queries in the United States and Australia for 2006-10.
All queries relating to mental health were captured and then grouped by type of mental illness, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, bipolar, depression, eating disorders including anorexia or bulimia, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia and suicide.
The study, published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, found all mental health queries in both countries were consistently higher in winter than summer.
For example, research showed eating disorder searches were down 37 percent in summers versus winters in the United States and 42 percent in summers in Australia, while schizophrenia searches decreased 37 percent during U.S. summers and 36 percent in Australia.


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Opinion: Harry Reid Goes Nuclear
Columnist Kim Strassel on Democratic machinations to change filibuster rules in the Senate. Photos: Getty Images
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... worst of the Washington to talk about another fight ... over whether or not to change the filibuster rules in the Senate ... the Democrats wanted change but less of a listen to what they were singing back in two thousand and five ... when they were in the minority ... the checks and balances which a bit of a quarter of this Republic ... are about to be ... Eve after a ... by the nuclear option ... the checks and balances which say that if you get fifty one percent of the vote ... you don't get your way a hundred percent of the time ... it is amazing it's almost a temper tantrum ... write to ... the debate was never more import number one party controls Congress and White ... in these cases the filibuster for repair ... on power reserved ... for limited government ... Potomac watch columnist Kim straw soul joins me now ... to talk about the change of tune from Harry Reid ... in New York Senator Chuck Schumer ... I can ... this is a pretty extraordinary switch ... what states ... what we what you get yer it ... euro ... area repeat ... I'm ... but all these Republican and takes out and blocking all the legislation he says was Lehman's produce the same ... time assisting change the rules my son are breaking the rules to change the rules ... normally you would need more than sixty s to Change Rule teased a new study uses a procedure ... to change the rules but only fifty votes of support to do it ... and then going forward given that he thinks the housing market and move on to the old clothes today ... okay so ... there and the majority so they wanna change the rules that favor than ... they think they can do it ... so can what does Harry Reid wants to accomplish if he can get this rule change for ... really unusual aspects of this which is ... bacteria tree is basically now asking this authority that even though nothing has changed in Washington so he has all kinds of legislation that is going to go back to Republican House words can one is this is an extraordinary each share that a change of what ... you know when a hundred years the rules in the Senate ... up for what will seem to be much value in the UK getting a lot of pressure from a lot of liberal members of whom feel that they have been stunned me ... this plan the rest of the country and assistant Dean Democrats anytime ... political points by having this battle right now ... I think it's it's twenty story with the liberal base who wants to see Harry Reid and Liberal Democrats and FNMA acid needed to pass mark sch the argument here Mary is using ... the filibuster rules that we're hanging this is a banner year ... for ... a decade and even though we had them out we passed a very consequential legislation over the years so ... the reader argument that the Senate if every become dysfunctional because these rules doesn't hold much water ... when ... she's rather is Harry Reid's management on a heath and squelching today he's been denying Republicans the ability to offer amendments to bills sch n response Republicans that there were not agreeing to go a long time and move on until the first place ... and so there's an argument to be made that that the filibuster is not really the problem here Harry Reid's management of the Senate it's ... Republicans reacted with him ... well I mean they're they're incredibly frustrated that I knew what are they going to do with the and he's going to just push a headache ... on and hedonism go against President and in changing the way the meeting changed these roles in the euro he he he ... he he you know that they have not ... however ... there are so many rules and procedures in seminary there are lots of ways for Republicans to throw bombs ETP goes ahead with the filibuster sch and you see it that ... way when he fed himself up or is the isthe is dysfunctional now ... im trying very disturbing minority of its rights and and see what they do in response we really could have a lot of bad luck ... weekend is the arguments made that Republicans to say ... yes and go along with this and when they're in the majority they can enjoy ... this filibuster proof chamber ... well geopolitically nary a is a temptation to do that alone I military region is considered what he's saying in some up for in four years' time the Republicans win the White House enabling us any sch they don't have to worry about Obamacare and they don't dream that Dodd Frank Aiken wimpy little one vote at simply ... being a majority sch when you think there is a more traditional isn't being here in the argument that the Senate was the store they set out ... to provide cooling passions that was created that way it was supposed to be about ... allowing for more could be ... more of them and getting the public or chance has seen with Zynga legislation just slowing things down ... and if you do this he is fundamentally changing the architecture and we are making it much more easy we have to wild swings in policies when the party's state control ... over the half to leave it that Potomac watch columnist Kim straw soul ... thank you so much for being with us ...