text:
Skip to Main Content
About Us
News & Info
How Do I … ?
Health A-Z
Health & Human Services
Health Dept
Teen & Youth Clinic Services
Youth Health & Wellness Center
Youth Health & Wellness Center
Have questions, need answers, don't know where to turn?
At the
Youth Health and Wellness Center (PDF)
, we welcome your questions. Don't be afraid to ask! You can even
email us
Check us out on Facebook and become a fan!
Who We Serve:
The Youth Health & Wellness Center (YHWC) is a child and adolescent health center serving Traverse City's youth between the ages of 10 and 21, as well as their children. All students under 18 must have parental consent for most visits. Under Michigan law, a minor can receive certain confidential services without parental consent. Please call for more information on which services are offered confidentially.
How We Work:
You can make an appointment or call with questions anytime at 231-922-6416.
We can help you apply for Medicaid/MI Child/Healthy Kids.
Your care is confidential.
Services will be billed to your health insurance or based on what you can afford.
You can down the YHWC forms to fill out and bring to your appointment.
Services Available at YHWC:
Health Care Services
Primary Care
Sick Care/Minor illness Treatment
Physicals for Sports, Work or Camp
Immunizations, including annual Flu Shots
Nutrition Advice and Weight Management
Acne Treatment
Asthma and Allergies
Smoking Cessation
HIV Testing and Counseling
STD Testing and Treatment
Pregnancy Testing
Vision and Hearing Screenings
Counseling Services
Suicidal Thoughts
Stress Management
Family Issues
Peer Pressure and Bullying
Help location resources including shelter, chortling and food.
We are open during all school breaks and during summer vacation.
Fees & Payments:
No one will be turned away regardless of ability to pay!
Our fees are based on what you can afford. All services are charged on a sliding scale based on client's income. Services can be billed to your health insurance provider, if you would like. We can also help you apply for Medicaid, MI Child or Healthy Kids.
Where We Are Located:
TBAISD Career-Tech Center
880 Parsons Road
Traverse City MI, 49686
Phone: 231-922-6416
Fax: 231-922-6472
: firstname.lastname@example.com
Clients Rights & Responsibilites
K-Town Youth Health Center
Arrow Left
Arrow Right
Slideshow Left Arrow
Slideshow Right Arrow


text:
Data files
- 1997 Investment by Using Industries
Contains data on the distribution of new structures, equipment, and software from the 1997 capital flow table as published in "Business Investment by Industry in the U.S. Economy for 1997," Survey of Current Business (November 2003). Input-output commodities are in producers' prices, and National Income and Product Account (NIPA) categories are in purchasers' prices:
- 1992 Investment by Using Industries: (XLS) (EXE) (ZIP)
- 1982 Investment by Using Industries*: (EXE) (ZIP)
- Industry Economic Accounts Information Guide: Capital Flow
* The estimates provided in these files are not official; they are considered somewhat less reliable than other estimates, but they are made available for research purposes.
Supplemental Estimates
Questions or comments?
If you have a question or comment relating to the Capital Flow data, or if you want to be notified about new data releases or published articles, please select your major topic of interest to send us an email at: [email protected].

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Miniatures are very useful things to have in your drinks cabinet. They are perfect if you're keen to try a few different styles to help you decide which full-size bottle to buy; if you want to make a particular cocktail and need a specific ingredient; or if you're after something nice and easy to take on a picnic or party. Whatever reason, it's a good idea to have some at home.
Enjoy responsibly
Copyright © The Whisky Exchange 1999-2019. All Rights Reserved.
The Whisky Exchange is the registered trademark of Speciality Drinks Limited.
Registered in England and Wales (Company No. 4449145). Registered Office: Elixir House, Whitby Avenue, Park Royal, London NW10 7SF, UK.


text:
Want to know how long
turkeys should be cooked?
So did Brownielocks.
Cartoons have been made with Paint Shop Pro Ver. 5, 6, 7 and now 8.
So they don't have a total uniformity as we've slowly learnt how to use the program upgrades.
Peek at the cartoon this week or
at all the ones we've made so far if you missed any....
All graphics on this site (still and animated) have our embedded watermark. They are not public domain!
All contents (Graphics and Text) are covered by U.S. Copyright Laws. No reproduction of any kind, downloading, copy, paste, save, etc. is allowed. All rights reserved!
Like Brownielocks on Facebook
Thanks for Visiting. We love you!
Brownielocks' Holidays & Fun For Everyone! © 1999-2019


text:
Samm Construction & Renovation
37, Jalan Impian Emas 5/1,
Taman Impian Emas,
81300 Skudai,
Johor, Malaysia.
bungalow house design johor bahru Commercial Units
design . budget . house . johor bahru design and construction johore bahru . Malaysia
Interior Design
interior design jb
interior design johor bahru
interior design malaysia Office
Residential ubah suai rumah
Taman UniversitiHouse --- Double Storey And Single Storey ---
© 2010 Samm Construction & Renovation (JM0556725-U) Visitors: 3615995
Powered by newpages.com.my
Powered by newpages.com.my


text:
John, J. and Nambiar, P. and Mani, S.A. and Mohamed, N.H. and Ahmad, N.F. and Murad, N.A. (2012) Third molar agenesis among children and youths from three major races of Malaysians. Journal of Dental Sciences. ISSN 19917902
Download (27kB)
Restricted to Registered users only
Download (195kB)
Background/purpose: Third molar (M3) agenesis is linked to the evolution and growth of the human jaw, as it is the last tooth to develop in the human dentition. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of M3 agenesis in a Malaysian population. Materials and methods: Panoramic radiographs of 734 dental patients aged 10-19 years who were examined for the presence or absence of M3. The frequency of M3 agenesis was calculated by ethnic group, gender, and tooth location. Odds ratio and Pearson Chi-square at a level of significance of 0.05 were used in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: A quarter of the study population had at least one incidence of M3 agenesis. The highest was seen among the Malaysian Chinese followed by Malaysian Malays and Malaysian Indians. More females than males were missing their M3. The incidence of missing M3s was highest in the right maxillary region followed by the left maxillary, left mandibular, and right mandibular regions. The Malays and Indians showed a greater tendency towards agenesis of maxillary M3s. However, among the Chinese, M3 agenesis was equal in both arches. The findings show that the Chinese were twice as likely to have mandibular M3 agenesis as the Indians. Conclusions: The presence or absence of a tooth might not only be influenced by ethnic origins but also by culture and dietary practices. With more missing M3s, the burden of managing diseases, complications, and treatment costs associated with this particular tooth decreases. However, the use of M3s for age estimation, forensic identification, and legal purposes could be compromised in the future. © 2012.
|Item Type:
|Additional Information:
|Export Date: 9 October 2012 Source: Scopus Article in Press Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: John, J.; Department of General Dental Practice and Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging, Faculty of Dentistry, Univemail: firstname.lastname@example.com
|Uncontrolled Keywords:
|Dental agenesis ethnic variation missing third molars
|R Medicine > RK Dentistry
|Faculty of Dentistry
|Depositing User:
|Ms Nursyafiqah Abd Malek
|Date Deposited:
|07 Nov 2012 03:05
|Last Modified:
|07 Nov 2012 03:05
Actions (login required)
|View Item


text:
Course Descriptions
Philosophy Prefix: PHI
191 Judeo-Christian Doctrine (3)
A fundamental examination of the Judeo-Christian tradition, beginning with a consideration of the relationship between theology and philosophy. Foundational religious affirmations will be examined from the perspective of both disciplines. NOTE: Honors Program ONLY.
220 Introduction to Philosophy (3)
Introduction to Philosophy is designed to introduce the student to the fundamental problems of philosophy from a historical perspective. This course will introduce the student to analysis of concepts such as: moral goodness, moral character, metaphysical foundations of knowledge, the nature of knowledge, and the philosophical foundations of social-political concerns. Furthermore, the course will explore the nature of inductive and deductive reason. This course is designed to create a philosophical background and foundation for upper level Philosophy courses.
260 Philosophy of the Human Person (3)
Philosophical overview of human psychology: individual and social natures of human beings; their materiality and spirituality; human cognition, volition and freedom; differing order of human needs; powers and habits; unity within a complexity of activities; human destiny.
292 Ethics (3)
A study of fundamental elements in ethical theory: analysis of the concept of moral goodness, the origins and nature of moral law and obligation, comparison of various moral systems for moral decision making. Discussion will include application through consideration of concrete examples.
300 Special Topics (3)
Content to be determined each semester by the department as requested by faculty and/or students to fill specified needs or interests.
302 Spanish and Hispanic-American Philosophers (3)
Major ideas of the most important Spanish and Hispanic-American philosophers in their historical and cultural context; development of their ideas and their influence in Western culture; primary emphasis placed on Unamuno, Ortega y Gasset, Zubiri, Varona, Ingenieros, Vasconcelos, Romero, Francovich, etc. (Prerequisite: PHI 220)
304 Epistemology (3)
Philosophical inquiry into the nature of knowledge, kinds of experience, belief and truth, justification and verification. (Prerequisite: PHI 220)
305 Problems in Philosophy (3)
Introduction to some of the basic issues in philosophy including free will vs. determinism, the mind-body debate, the problem of God, and the nature of moral action.
306 Philosophy of God and Religion (3)
Philosophical investigation of the nature of the holy, faith and its relation to reason, religious language and symbol, proof for the existence of God, religious experience and verification. (Prerequisite: PHI 220)
308 Philosophy of Law (3)
Philosophies of law, including natural law theory, legal positivism, American legal realism, Marxism, and recent theories; relationship of law and morality; concepts of justice, responsibility, and punishment; the conscientious objector. (Prerequisite: PHI 220)
310 Formal Logic (3)
The study of the principles of valid argument: deductive inference, categorical logic, propositional logic, and predicate logic. (Prerequisite: PHI 220)
313 Philosophy of Art - Aesthetics (3)
Philosophical study of the nature of art; relation between the various arts, concepts of beauty, the creative process, principles of art criticism, religious art, and symbolism.
314 Metaphysics (3)
A discussion of the nature of reality. Topics may include the nature of being, principles of individuation, materiality and immateriality, predication and causation. (Prerequisite: PHI 220)
316 Cognitive Psychology (3)
Current research and theory which addresses the issue of how people think. Includes information processing, memory, attention, language comprehension, reasoning, and problem solving. Prerequisite: PSY 281. (Occasional offering)
317 Medieval Philosophy (3)
An historical survey of the development of western philosophy, including the Patristic period, Saint Augustine, John Scotus Eriugena, Saint Anselm of Canterbury, Avicenna, Saint Bonaventure, Saint Albert the Great, Saint Thomas Aquinas, Scotus. (Prerequisite: PHI 220)
318 Modern Philosophy (3)
An historical survey of western philosophy, from the 17th century to the mid-19th century, including Rationalism, Empiricism, Positivism, Kant and Idealism; emphasis on the continuity and development of metaphysical and epistemological ideas during the period. (Prerequisite: PHI 220)
319 Contemporary Philosophy (3)
An historical survey of the major branches of late 19th and 20th century thought: Marxism, American pragmatism, process philosophy, analytic philosophy, phenomenology, existentialism, hermeneutics and other recent developments, e.g., feminist philosophy. (Prerequisite: PHI 220)
320 American Philosophers (3)
European influences; colonial thinkers; philosophy of the Founding Fathers; Transcendentalism; Pragmatism; Naturalism; recent developments.
321 Philosophy of Peace and War (3)
Classical and contemporary philosophical analysis of peace, war, and conflict between individuals, groups, and nations. Discussion of ethical questions concerning the initiation and the conduct of conflict, revolution, and war. Analysis of nonviolent resolution of disputes, of proposals for solving the problem of war, and of pacifism. Ethical aspects of nuclear weapons employment and the contemporary nuclear weapons dilemma.
323 Philosophical Perspectives on Cinema (3)
This course introduces the student to the many philosophical perspectives that can be found, either explicitly or implicitly, in sophisticated classical cinema. PHI 323 is designed to demonstrate that the better films can be appreciated by emphasizing their aesthetic, moral and above all, their metaphysical and existential dimension.
332 The Thought of Ortega y Gasset (3)
This course is designed to introduce the student to the fundamental elements of 19th and 20th century and Spanish language philosophy and how this was later incorporated into the School of Madrid. It will introduce the analysis of concepts such as phenomenology, Lebenphilosophie, Ortega y Gasset's reaction to Vitalism and Positivism and the metaphysical and epistemological foundations of knowledge. The main focus is to investigate Ortega y Gasset's philosophy and how this is subsequently disseminated throughout the work of Spanish and Latin American thinkers.
336 Julian Marias and the School of Madrid (3)
This course is designed to introduce the major trends in Spanish thought of the 20th century in historical and cultural context: development of ideas and their influence on Latin American philosophy. The course investigates some of the major problems of Spanish philosophy in the 20th century. Special emphasis will be paid to the work of Julian Marias and the School of Madrid philosophical movement.
353 Bio-Medical Ethics (3)
Investigation, in the light of philosophical analysis, concerning numerous ethical issues that arise in the medical, nursing, and allied health professions as well as in the biological and behavioral sciences. Topics, chosen at the discretion of the instructor, may include for example: human experimentation; genetic engineering and manipulations; reproductive technologies; ecological and environment ethics; death and dying; health care delivery; population ethics; clinical setting and interaction; mental health; geriatrics; and communicative diseases.
354 Environmental Ethics (3)
Study of the major issues and theories of environmental ethics. Application of traditional ethical theories to environmental issues, criticisms of these theories, and calls for new theoretical approaches. Relations between environmental ethics and popular movements such as animal liberation, deep ecology, social ecology, and ecofeminism.
355 Philosophy of Politics (3)
Chronological treatment of the political theories of the major philosophers from classical to modern times. (Prerequisite: PHI 220)
360 Asian Philosophy (3)
The study of the major philosophies of India, China, and Japan, including ancient, medieval, and contemporary readings. Confucianism, Taoism, and other major Chinese philosophies. Hinduism and Vedantic philosophies of India. The origins of Buddhism in India, Chinese Buddhism, and Japanese Buddhism (Zen). Contemporary Asian philosophers such as Gandhi, Mao Tse-Tung, and members of the Kyoto school.
365 Advanced Argument Analysis (3)
In-depth analysis of various types of argument, including those in knowledge theory and ethics, which relate to professional and social issues; verbal puzzles; categorizing schemas. (Prerequisite: PHI 220)
370 Contemporary Moral Problems (3)
An introduction to fundamentals of ethical reasoning, various methodologies, and application to current topics in ethical discourse. Topics may include capital punishment, euthanasia, abortion, war and peace, pornography, poverty and hunger, environmental rights, animal rights, academic freedom, sexual discrimination, or other areas of interest. Recommended preparation: PHI 292.
371 Social and Ethical Issues in Business (3)
This course is designed to create an awareness of and a sensitivity to social and ethical issues which can, and should, influence the management of business enterprises by entering into the decision-making processes of today's business managers. Focus is on the legal, social and ethical implications of problems in contemporary business issues such as employer-employee relationships, consumerism (advertising and product safety), environmental conservation, etc. Numerous cases are studied to illustrate the complexities of these issues.
413 Abnormal Psychology (3)
Theories of abnormal behavior, pathological syndromes, methods of treatment, and prevention. Prerequisite: PSY 281. (Fall, Spring, and Summer)
423 Industrial Psychology (3)
Application of psychological principles and procedures in business and industry settings; consideration given to topics such as selection, placement, employee motivation, morale and leadership. Prerequisite: PSY 281. (Spring)
445 Community Psychology (3)
prevention of psychological problems, empowerment of persons and communities with few resources, the impact of stress and social support on people, and the importance and value of human diversity. Students will be introduced to the methods of research that guide community psychologists including traditional research methods, qualitative research methods, consulting, program evaluation, and participatory action research. Prerequisite: PSY 281
452 Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (3)
Comprehensive study of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the behavior disorders common to the child and adolescent. Prerequisite: PSY 281. (Spring)
460 Philosophical Classics (3)
Examination of the basic writings of an individual philosopher, of a school of philosophers, or of philosophers of an historical period.
487 Seminar (3)
Research and discussion on selected topics under direction of instructor.


text:
Welcome to the Sensorcom website and an introduction to the specialised communications products we design and manufacture in the UK.
Our company statement: Designer and Manufacturer of In-Ear Communications Systems describes exactly what we do. Our complete understanding of ear anatomy, sensitivity, physiology combined with plastics, microelectronic design and assembly capability create a highly specialised product group engineered to address the growing need for hearing protection and communications in high noise situations and discreetness for covert operations. If you would like to talk us about a new development or product idea, we have willing ears and a wealth of experience with a pragmatic approach to feasibility and getting product to market.
Sensorcom invests heavily in research and development to create new products and software solutions to create functionality and hearing protection with a growing range of DSP based products. And we thrive on working with business partners to realise their own solutions based on special functionality, interface or features. We also operate two website were it is possible to purchase products featured on this website online: www.earplugs.co.uk and www.enhancedlistening.co.uk Earplugs is a site devoted to hearing protection carrying the full ProGuard range as well as earplugs from the best brands in the world. Enhanced Listening is for products associated with communications, hearing, assistive listening, tinnitus as well as components, cables and accessories.


text:
PSS Event Calendar
Back to All Events
Earlier Event: January 24Anxiety 101: An Informational Night for Parents
Later Event: February 6CANCELLED-PSS Meeting
Use the form on the right to contact us and someone from PSS will be in touch!
11495 SW Wilsonville Rd
Wilsonville, OR, 97070
United States
Welcome to Boones Ferry Primary PSS! PSS (Parents and Staff for Students) is a non-profit organization that works just like a traditional PTA, but differs in that members are not required to pay dues and are not affiliated with a national organization. We are an organization dedicated to enriching our children's school experience, creating a community within our school, and contributing to an environment of excellence where our children thrive.


text:
Aluminum Table Easel
Lightweight and strong black anodized aluminum construction. Accommodates canvases up to 25 in. high. Great for standing or sitting. Folds away for easy transportation and storage. Height when unfolded: 31 in. high.
?Ask a question about this product
Average User Rating: Based on (1 Review)
Louis S. from Goodyear, AZ says:
This is a sturdy, easily adjustable table easel suitable for any studio work on smaller canvases. The product met all expectations.
Share this Product
Enter Quantity & Click 'Add to Cart'
Please wait...
You May Also Like...
How to get VIP Club Prices
Anyone can be a VIP Member with:
Only $25/year
Learn More »
Tips For Your Question
Your email will not be shared. We will only use your email address to respond to your question. When asking your question, please be as descriptive as possible, it will allow us to give you the most accurate answer possible.


text:
FRANK E. KIRBY * Built Feb. 14, 1890 Sidewheel Passenger - Iron
U.S. No. 120796 532 gt - 374 nt 195.5' x 30.1' x 10.2'
* Renamed, (b) SILVER SPRAY - US - 1926
(c) DOVER - US - 1927
Burned June 23, 1932, at Ecorse, Mich.; hull raised and scrapped in 1939.
Detroit/Wyandotte Shipbuilding Master List
Institute for Great Lakes research
Perrysburg, Ohio.
The Maritime History of the Great Lakes site is managed by Walter Lewis
Since 2005 this site has been the prototype for the digital collection management tools built for the Our Digital World (formerly the OurOntario project of Knowledge Ontario.)
As a prototype it is subject to occasional, unexplained interruptions in service ... because we keep trying new things.
My favourites lets you save items you like, tag them and group them into collections for your own personal use. Viewing "My favourites" will open in a new tab.
Login here or start a My favourites account.


text:
GOP ready to quell food stamp revolt
Republican leaders are threatening to take congressional action to stop state governors from flouting the food stamp cuts contained in the 2014 farm bill.
The governors of at least six states — New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Montana and Oregon — have now taken measures to protect more than a combined $800 million in annual Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits, and more states are expected to follow suit. Their actions threaten — over time — to wipe out the more than $8 billion in cuts over 10 years to the food stamp program that were just passed by Congress as part of the 2014 farm bill.
Story Continued Below
But those who initially supported the food stamp cuts are warning that retaliatory actions may be coming.
( Also on POLITICO: Full agriculture policy coverage)
"Since the passage of the farm bill, states have found ways to cheat, once again, on signing up people for food stamps," Speaker of the House John Boehner told reporters Thursday. "And so I would hope that the House would act to try to stop this cheating and this fraud from continuing."
Rep. Frank Lucas (R-Okla.), one of the 2014 farm bill's four principal architects, warned: "I suspect that this will create a call for action from members of the House and … these governors now will cause a new set of hearings, a new set of bills, a new set of appropriations amendments."
Lucas likened the governors' actions at the center of the controversy to mining dollars from the U.S. Treasury.
"What becomes of it, I do not know, but if they're going to try to keep mining, then this becomes a live issue," he said.
( Also on POLITICO: Cheney: Obama favors food stamps)
In the ramp up to passing the farm bill early last month, the House of Representatives initially put forth a bill that would have cut food stamps by $40 billion over 10 years, but the four principal negotiators — Lucas and Rep. Collin Peterson (D-Minn.) and Sens. Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.) and Thad Cochran (R-Miss.) — agreed, in conference, to a compromise that included a smaller — yet substantial reduction.
Their solution: Raise the threshold for participation in a program — known as "heat and eat" — that allows states to qualify households for as much as $90 per month in additional food stamp benefits by providing them with benefits, no matter how small, from the federally funded Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program.
( Also on POLITICO: GOP's confused inequality message)
At least 17 states took advantage of the allowance SNAP makes for matching qualifications, providing their residents with as little as $1 per month in federal heating assistance to also qualify them for the additional food stamps, a Government Accountability Office report found. However, by simply requiring states to provide more than $20 in LIHEAP assistance in order to qualify a household for the added SNAP benefits, the Congressional Budget Office estimated the farm bill's four principals could cut food stamp spending by more than $8 billion over 10 years.
The farm bill's four principal negotiators grabbed the CBO estimate and ran. They included the change in the farm bill conference report, which was then passed by the full House and Senate.


text:
Diana Ross, Jimmy Durante, Tony Bennett, Ella Fitzgerald, Frankie Valli & The Four Seasons, Ray Charles, Paul Anka - they are just some of the more than 50 big names in music and film that St. Augustine's Jackie Knight knew when their stars were soaring high.
And she has the pictures to prove it.
Jackie Knight, owner of Jackie Knight's Comedy Club at The Corner Bar, next to Gypsy Cab Restaurant on Anastasia Boulevard, credits her dad and step-mother for introducing her to so many stars.
Knight, born Lynn Williams in 1947, is the daughter of the late Bucky Williams, a bass fiddle player who performed from the '50s through the '70s in nightclubs in Boston, Mass.
Her stepmother, Roz Williams, was a camera girl in those same entertainment venues.
Once Knight was old enough to come along, around age 13, Roz took photos of her with all the stars that would come to the clubs to hear the music.
"That's how I had access to meeting all of these people," Knight said.
"When I met Paul Anka around age 13, I was in teenage heaven."
Knight has three original black and white photos of herself with Anka, one of them autographed by the star, in which he's seen kissing her on the cheek.
One of her prize possessions is her photo album with all the vintage images - she also is pictured with Johnny Mathis, Liberace, The Everly Brothers, two of the Beach Boys (Dennis Wilson and Mike Love), a young Wayne Newton, Bobby Vinton, Al Martino and Fabian, whom she dated for a while in her 20s.
"I just have a few photos with Fabian," she said. "I had to throw some of the other photos out because my husband didn't like them."
Knight has been married for nearly 30 years to Dion Moore, a former pro-wrestler known as Cougar Jay. He now works with Ancient City Tours, offering his spin on ghost stories and historic tales of St. Augustine.
Moore also worked as a stuntman, landing a role in "The Patriot" with Heath Ledger. Knight also displays a photograph of Moore and Ledger on the set of the film in her album.
"The movie was filmed in South Carolina," Knight said. "He and Heath would hang out and have a great time."
Moore and Knight met in Virginia Beach in the 1980s when she was working as a disc jockey and he was a male burlesque dancer.
"Burlesque dancing was big back then," Knight said. "He was even Mr. Virginia Beach."
Around that time, Knight formed her own male burlesque group, with Moore as one of the dancers. Before the show, she would perform a comedy skit, telling mostly "female jokes."
From there, Ladies Exposed was created, a group of female comedians who were featured on TV shows such as Phil Donahue and Sally Jesse Raphael.
Becoming Jackie Knight
Previously, Knight worked as a radio announcer. She was known as Lee Dennis on the Martin & Dennis morning show at WGUY in Bangor, Maine.
Her current name, the moniker that stuck - Jackie Knight - was created at KATI-AM in Wyoming for a night show.
"We needed something that rhymed with night. … Up All Night with Jackie Knight was where the name was born," she said.
Other stars in her photo album include Bobby Darin, Wolf Man Jack, pro wrestler Ivan Koloff, Bill Medley of the Righteous Brothers, Bobby Rydell, Chubby Checker, Brenda Lee, the Kingston Trio and Troy Donahue, a blond heartthrob actor of the '50s and '60s.
Knight remembers Donahue from the first time they met when she was posing with him in a nightclub when she was 16.
"My stepmother got so upset because he wrote his room number on a napkin and gave it to me," Knight said.
More than 30 years later, she met him again in L.A. and posed for another photo. When she told him the story, he autographed a photo for her and wrote down his room number again.
More current photos in the album include her photographed with Edd Byrnes, pro boxer Michael Spinks, Kathy Garver (Family Affair), Steve Kanaly (Dallas), Jonathan Harris (Lost in Space), Dick Van Patten (Eight is Enough), Dawn Wells (Mary Ann from Gilligan's Island), James Doohan (Scotty from Star Trek), Corey Feldman, and Frankie Muniz (Malcolm in the Middle).
"Dion was a D.J. for one of Frankie's parties when he was a teenager," she said.
The newer ones were taken in L.A. in the '90s when Moore decided to become a stuntman in films.
Previously, Moore and Knight ran a training school in North Carolina for wrestlers after Moore's work as a pro wrestler for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and World Championship Wrestling Inc. (WCW).
From L.A., the couple moved to Florida and worked for Universal Studios during Halloween Horror Nights.
Knight decided to move to St. Augustine after the urging of friend Susan Greaves, who lived here for many years. Knight and Greaves had lived together in Boston after high school.
At the time, Jim Sharkey operated the comedy club at Gypsy Cab. Ned Pollack, owner of Gypsy Cab, partnered with Sharkey in 2001 to offer comedy shows in the venue.
"I needed a job, so I took this book (photo album) down and he hired me immediately," Knight said.
When Sharkey died in 2003, Knight took over as producer and has been offering live comedy shows with stand-up comedians each Friday and Saturday.
"When I came here, I knew I had to be in the entertainment industry," she said. "I've always been drawn to the entertainment world because I grew up in it."
For a list of upcoming comedy shows, go to www.thegypsycomedyclub.com. To see the online slideshow of vintage photographs, go to staugustine.com and click on the Jackie Knight slideshow.


text: To use the phone you must have service from a wireless service provider. Many of the features in this device depend on features in the wireless network to function. These Network Services may not be available on all networks or you may have to make specific arrangements with your service provider before you can utilize Network Services. Your service provider may need to give you additional instructions for their use and explain what charges will apply. Some networks may have limitations that affect howyou can use Network Services. For instance, some networks may not support all languagedependent characters and services.


text:
Brief Summary
The Monte Carlo Yachts 76 has won more awards in the last year than any other motoryacht we can remember. Making this even more remarkable is that Monte Carlo Yachts which is owned by the Beneteau Group is a new endeavor, with plans to build a full line of motoryachts over 60" (18 m). Last fall we flew to Cannes to test this motoryacht and to see what all of the excitement was about.
Test Results
|Length Overall
|75' 7'' / 23 m
18' 6''
5.65 m
|Dry Weight
101,412 lbs.
46 000 kg
5' 5''
|Max Headroom
|Bridge Clearance
|Fuel Capacity
1,057 gal.
|Water Capacity
264 gal.
Acceleration Times & Conditions
|Time to Plane
|19.0 sec.
|0 to 30
|7 person, 1/2 fuel, full water, 1/2 lbs. of gear
|87 deg.; 29% humid.; wind: 0 MPH; seas; calm
Engine Options
|Tested Engine
2 x 1200-hp MAN V8 with ZF POD 4000
|Std. Power
Not Available
|Opt. Power
2 x 1200-hp MAN V8 ZF POD
2 x 1400-hp MAN V12 V-Drive
Captain's Report
By Capt. Steve Larivee
Contents of Report
- Mission
- Distinguishing Features
- Handling Characteristics
- Test Results
- Displacement Speed.
- Features Walkthrough
- Main Deck Exterior
- Foredeck
- Salon
- Helm
- Accommodations
- Reflections on a Motoryacht
The Beneteau Group is the world's largest builder of sailboats and Europe's largest builder of powerboats up to 50' (15 m). That is why, in my opinion, when Beneteau starts something new you can be sure it is going somewhere. I expect that the Monte Carlo Yachts brand name will become as well known and as well respected in the next few years as any in the large motoryacht business. Under Beneteau Group's sure hand the new Monte Carlo Yachts line is being developed carefully in concert with what the company calls "the new values of luxury." That means avoiding ostentation, yet still being elegant, seaworthy and chic. It also means building motoryachts with purpose and with functional harmony.
The Monte Carlo Yachts line is being designed by the Nuvolari & Lenard design team located in Venice, Italy and it states that its mission is to create a forward-looking vessel that does not go to extremes and embodies a classic style of motoryacht that will be in fashion for decades to come. Everywhere I looked on the boat I could find modern design solutions drawn from traditional nautical concepts. Currently, Monte Carlo Yachts has three models, the 65, 70 and the 76, with more on the drawing board to come soon. They are being built just outside Trieste on Italy's Adriatic coast in a state of the art facility with very high production capacity.
Her Mission
This four (or three) en suite stateroom yacht with crew's quarters is designed to be an elegant and technologically-advanced alternative to current inboard-powered motoryachts currently on the market. She is intended for people planning to cruise the Mediterranean or elsewhere in the world with family or friends at both planing and displacement speeds. The four en suite stateroom option has been designed with this goal in mind and at the same time allows her owner to put the MCY 76 in the charter trade for a premium. With her double tables and sun pads on the bow, her large aft deck, and her good-sized flying bridge, she is a floating entertainment platform able to handle more guests than most people have friends -- by day and night. Her mission is also to stay in style and not to become obsolete by means of a forward-looking design that builds on classic nautical roots.
Distinguishing Features
Two important differentiating aspects of the boat are fuel efficiency and tasteful styling in keeping with the times in which we live. We like her main deck layout which features an open, aft galley in one of its options. In others, the galley is below the main deck dining area next to the crew quarters. In this way, the MCY 76 can satisfy both European convention which prefers the galley out of sight, and the American style of having a "country kitchen" with the dining area and galley together.
Four or Three Staterooms.
We like the MCY 76 with both stateroom solutions and crew's quarters below.
The four stateroom version has four en suite heads, plus crew quarters. This model will be ideal for people who cruise with family and friends or for chartering and should fetch a pretty penny in the Mediterranean during the summer. Or, if you prefer, one guest stateroom can be turned into an onboard office. With three en suite staterooms, the master stateroom is the most incredibly large and creative we have seen in class.
Huge Master Stateroom. In either the three or four stateroom versions, the master is large. But in the three stateroom model, the master is palatial, far larger than anything we have seen in this size range. Here, you will feel like a king.
Pod Drives.
The Monte Carlo Yachts 76 is one of the first large motoryachts to take advantage of pods and they pay off, not just in greater efficiency but also in handling both at the dock and offshore. The added efficiency gained by the dual-prop, aft-facing pods allows the engines to be lower horsepower and burn significantly less fuel than would be the case with straight inboards.
There are not many boats this size with a joystick. For owners of a 76' yacht who would also like to be owner/operators, the ZF joystick becomes the ticket to professional boat handling. If you choose the V-Drive version with a stern thruster, no worries, a very similar joystick is offered as standard so you'll have nearly the same handling functions, including the sky-hook. Huge cruise ships have pods and joysticks, so why not 76' yachts?
Robust Beam.
After the pods, perhaps one of the most important features of this boat is the width of its beam -- it is 18'6" (5.65 m). While some of that beam may be due to more bow flare than her rivals, one need only look at the accommodations plans to see how much more room there is athwartships in the MCY 76 at the waterline, where it counts. Added waterline beam pays off all over the boat, from the engine room, to the guest staterooms, the saloon and to the dining area opposite the galley -- or the galley below opposite the crews quarters.
Relatively Light Displacement
By using carbon fibers and Kevlar, and by having careful weight management, Monte Carlo Yachts has been able to build a boat that is actually significantly lighter than most boats in class.
Handling Characteristics
As I mention in the video when I pulled away from the dock, the first thing I noticed was how nicely the Monte Carlo Yachts 76 handled at low speed. With the new ZF 4000 pods under the hull, the MCY 76 responded instantaneously, rather than having to wait for the effect of prop wash against a pair of rudders. Remember, a pod drive boat has no rudders! The ZF pods with joystick made some of the tight maneuvers around the dismantling of the Cannes International Boat Show a non-event. Now with the pods, even without the joystick engaged, I found that I have much more control over the yacht than I would have with conventional inboards with rudders. With the joystick, which is also a standard on the V-Drive version, it's all a piece of cake even with a 50-ton boat that is 76' long.
At speed, she's equally responsive to the helm, allowing me to make quick course changes in response to the occasional pot buoys that dotted the coast of the Mediterranean.
When turning at cruising speed, the MCY 76 enters a roughly 3-degree bank that I found to be quite comfortable, and due to the limited throw of the pods at cruise, we made a full 360-degree turn in a little over three boat lengths. Naturally, I was able to tighten that radius considerably by slowing down and thus increasing the range of motion of the pod drives.
While it was severely calm on the Mediterranean on test day, having a major yachting port as our point of departure allowed us to take advantage of the wakes of the departing and arriving yachts and this showed how solid and stable the MCY 76 really is. She tends to slice right through the waves, and with her wide flared bows, the water is thrown well off to the sides, while remaining low enough to resist allowing the wind to spray the foredeck.
Test Results
With an empty weight of 101,412 lbs. (46,000 kg), half fuel and 7 people onboard, we had a test weight of just under 106,700 lbs. (48,398 kg). We reached a top speed at 2280 rpm of 29.8 knots. At that speed, we were burning a combined 125.2 gph (474 lph) for a range of 227 nautical miles, powered by the twin MAN 1200-hp engines.
Best cruise came in just above planing speed at 1750 rpm and 19 knots. Now we had a fuel burn of 67.3 gph (254.8 lph) for a range of 268 miles. This is a positive fuel consumption number at 19 knots for so large a boat. We reached planing speed in 19 seconds.
Displacement Speed
If you want to go for distance, then back the speed off and you'll really be going places. At the idle speed of 6.4 kts -- the same as some expedition trawlers -- the MCY 76 had a range of 1,900 nautical miles burning only 3.2 gph (12.1 lph). At 10 kts, she'll go for 616 nautical miles. That is a comfortable speed for many large cruising yachts so just because you can go nearly 30 knots, don't feel as if you have to. The ranges above are calculated considering the standard fuel tanks which have a total capacity of 1,057 US gals. (4,000 L). On request, larger fuel tanks are available, with a total capacity of 1,374 US gals. (5,200 L) the useful range will considerably increase. While engines like these like to be loaded, remember their longevity has to do more with how much fuel is burned in them, not how many hours they are run. Think Greek Islands, or the inside passage to Alaska because with that kind of range you can easily do passages such as those.
Features Walkthrough
Flying Bridge
The upper helm electronics panel is concealed in a retractable lift in the console. It houses two 15" (38.1 cm) displays and a pair of MAN engine monitor screens that are selectable to display whatever you may wish. The wheel is leather wrapped as standard and fell right to my fingertips in the standing position (I'm 5' 8.5" - 1.74 m tall) and visibility is outstanding, including being able to see the swim platform through the companionway.
Next to the upper helm is a large sun pad and all through the MCY 76, whenever there's a cushion, there's storage underneath. The sun pad extends aft into a sofa with pedestal bases concealed under a pair of teak cubes. The table stores in its dedicated spot under the sun pad, and when in storage, the cubes protect you from the edges of the bases underneath and double as coffee tables. It's a nice touch when you don't want a full-sized teak table taking up space. When you want to utilize the table, pull off the cubes, and place the table on top of the stainless table mounts. Then you can raise and lower the table with a switch at the helm. So what do you do with the cubes? They store in a dedicated "garage" in the radar mast.
The boat deck is aft and relatively small for this size yacht, but the flybridge layout has been designed to maximize the big living area in the middle. Case in point was our test boat. There were teak chaise lounge chairs on the boat deck, and the hydraulically activated swim platform was the dedicated home to the tender. The companionway is covered with a clear hatch that locks to protect the contents of your bridge deck and to prevent a mishap.
Main Deck Exterior
There's a lot going on in the aft deck. I measured 16' (4.9 m) across by 9.5' (2.9 m) fore and aft. In the center is a table that seats 8 with a few nice features of its own. My first glance showed two levels making an ideal buffet table. A hinge is in the center to close a folded half making a single level dining table. A switch on the side bulkhead raises and lowers the table automatically increasing its utility by making it a coffee table as well. To both sides of the cockpit were two sofas, a unique feature that I immediately liked, and again, all cushions have storage underneath. In the corners of the cockpit were two beefy cleats and warping winches. The cockpit is accessed from the swim platform by stairs to both sides with a passerelle retracted into the steps to port.
In the center of the starboard side is a clever door to the saloon. It lies flush with the cabin side and the touch of a button releases the watertight seal and allows for opening. In the open position, you still have ample room for traversing the deck. Close the door and it automatically seals itself shut again. I'm starting to see how this MCY 76 has won so many awards.
The Foredeck
Not being a sun worshiper I probably didn't grasp the full functionality and comfort of the forward lounge area, but it certainly allows for entertaining a lot of people in style. The sun pads have flip-up seat backs and storage that is, as usual, all throughout the 76, under each cushion and there are side panels for additional storage access. Both tables raise and lower at the touch of a button. At the bow is a step-down to the working area. Two hatches flank the anchor windlass. To port is fender and line storage that goes quite deep. To starboard is an anchor washdown, a remote for the windlass (to supplement the foot controls), and a fire fighting hose… all standard.
For starters, the overhead is 6' 7" (2 m). The aft glass doors open flush against the bulkhead for a triple wide opening which really brings the outdoors in. The windows are low enough to present a view of the horizon line from the seated position, and my experience with non-boaters has shown that this does a remarkable job of keeping mal de mer at bay.
The glass dining table is a work of functional art. It's secured to the deck with thumb screws so it holds position in a seaway, but can be moved easily if desired. There are glass leaves under the table that swing out and rotate to the level of the fixed panels so adding a seating area is simple and clever. To my eye, the entire saloon has a bit of a monochromatic look to it, but it's self-evident that this is exactly the way the owner wanted his boat. Monte Carlo Yachts will use any combination of colors and finishes to suit your desires as they are building semi-custom yachts.
The lower helm offers outstanding sightlines thanks to the 360-degrees of glass in the saloon deck. Two 19" (48.3 cm) displays keep you informed of situational matters, and the starboard display is dedicated to the ship's systems and is fully customizable. Operating the 76 was equally comfortable from this lower helm as the upper.
I've rarely seen a warmer and more inviting master stateroom. There are indirect lights throughout for subdued nighttime viewing, and in the daytime, there seems to be as much light in this stateroom as on the foredeck. The head is open on this boat with separate water closet and shower flanking the dual sinks. All water drains are hidden under marble plates. Forward is a large walk-in closet next to a 32" (81.3 cm) TV. All the same style of textured teak and leather seen from the deck above is repeated in this deck. Stepping out into the companionway shows more of the bronze relief art that we saw in the master. The three guest staterooms are all en suite with the port head also having access to the companionway allowing it to double as a day head right at the bottom of the stairs.
Guest Staterooms
The first two guest staterooms are mirror images of each other with the exception of the starboard having a larger head thanks to the lack of a second door that the first features, as it doubles as a day head.
The VIP is just as luxurious as the two guest staterooms but the difference is an island queen as opposed to single berths. A private ensuite head is just abaft and to port.
Galley and Crew
On the MCY 76 tested, the galley was down the aft stairway from the main saloon and opposite the crew quarters. There's a top-loading freezer so that when you open it the contents don't dump out onto the deck. A Dietrich flat surface stove is next with an opening portlight and an overhead vent to keep odors to a minimum. There's storage above and behind the sink. There is counter space for food prep. Below are a Miele dishwasher and convection oven. The decking is all easy to clean aluminum tile, and there's a Miele full sized fridge. This is definitely a European-style galley and I doubt that many Americans would go for it, and certainly not in owner/operator situations. But here again, Monte Carlo Yachts offers the country kitchen on the main deck and many possible layout configurations to accommodate your specific requirements.
Reflections on a Motoryacht
Overall, I have to say that my experience on the MCY 76 left me with a solid impression of a stunning yacht, expertly finished, with creative use of space and innovative design features throughout. Her handling was outstanding, and being on and around the yacht felt luxurious and completely comfortable. In my opinion, this boat has been done right in so many ways.


text:
Rugby World Cup 2011
Skrela blow for Les Bleus
ESPNscrum Staff
September 14, 2011
David Skrela makes his Rugby World Cup exit after a press conference in Auckland on Wednesday © Getty Images
France boss Marc Lievremont has confirmed that injured fly-half David Skrela will play no further part in the World Cup - and that Toulouse's Jean-Marc Doussain has been called up as a replacement.
Skrela was brought on as a second-half substitute in Les Bleus' 47-21 win over Japan on Saturday but he lasted just ten minutes before having to be replaced after picking up a serious shoulder injury and is now facing several weeks on the sidelines.
"Obviously I am disappointed to leave. I've been preparing for this tournament for a long time, but these are the ups and downs of sport," Skrela said. "After the Japan match, I feared the worst and thought I'd need an operation. That wasn't the case, but four days later I still have problems with (my shoulder) mobility. The muscle isn't working at all, which makes it a bit complicated to play rugby - especially at a World Cup.
"My teammates are disappointed for me; it's very emotional to have to leave them after you've prepared for two months together."
Meanwhile, Lievremont, who has overlooked Stade Francais fly-half Lionel Beauxis and veteran playmaker Frederic Michalak as possible replacements for the injured Skrela, revealed that the 20-year-old Doussain will join up with the squad after Toulouse's Top 14 clash with Biarritz on Friday.
"He will play this weekend for his club, although I would have liked him here earlier," the France coach said. "Despite his young age, he's shown a lot of maturity for the under-21s. I see him as the ideal contender for this position. He's very aggressive, very spontaneous and he's got a lot of character. All the coaches who've worked with him at every level have said how good his attitude is."
© ESPN Sports Media Ltd.
Communication error please reload the page.


text:
Summary: Metallothionein
Pfam includes annotations and additional family information from a range of different sources. These sources can be accessed via the tabs below.
This is the Wikipedia entry entitled "Metallothionein". More...
The Wikipedia text that you see displayed here is a download from Wikipedia. This means that the information we display is a copy of the information from the Wikipedia database. The button next to the article title ("Edit Wikipedia article") takes you to the edit page for the article directly within Wikipedia. You should be aware you are not editing our local copy of this information. Any changes that you make to the Wikipedia article will not be displayed here until we next download the article from Wikipedia. We currently download new content on a nightly basis.
Does Pfam agree with the content of the Wikipedia entry ?
Pfam has chosen to link families to Wikipedia articles. In some case we have created or edited these articles but in many other cases we have not made any direct contribution to the content of the article. The Wikipedia community does monitor edits to try to ensure that (a) the quality of article annotation increases, and (b) vandalism is very quickly dealt with. However, we would like to emphasise that Pfam does not curate the Wikipedia entries and we cannot guarantee the accuracy of the information on the Wikipedia page.
Editing Wikipedia articles
Before you edit for the first time
Wikipedia is a free, online encyclopedia. Although anyone can edit or contribute to an article, Wikipedia has some strong editing guidelines and policies, which promote the Wikipedia standard of style and etiquette. Your edits and contributions are more likely to be accepted (and remain) if they are in accordance with this policy.
You should take a few minutes to view the following pages:
How your contribution will be recorded
Anyone can edit a Wikipedia entry. You can do this either as a new user or you can register with Wikipedia and log on. When you click on the "Edit Wikipedia article" button, your browser will direct you to the edit page for this entry in Wikipedia. If you are a registered user and currently logged in, your changes will be recorded under your Wikipedia user name. However, if you are not a registered user or are not logged on, your changes will be logged under your computer's IP address. This has two main implications. Firstly, as a registered Wikipedia user your edits are more likely seen as valuable contribution (although all edits are open to community scrutiny regardless). Secondly, if you edit under an IP address you may be sharing this IP address with other users. If your IP address has previously been blocked (due to being flagged as a source of 'vandalism') your edits will also be blocked. You can find more information on this and creating a user account at Wikipedia.
If you have problems editing a particular page, contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com and we will try to help.
Contact us
The community annotation is a new facility of the Pfam web site. If you have problems editing or experience problems with these pages please contact us.
Metallothionein Edit Wikipedia article
|Metallothionein superfamily (plant)
|Yeast MT
Saccharomyces cerevisiae MT metallothionein bound to copper ions. Cysteines in yellow, copper in brown. (PDB: 1AQS)
|Yeast metallothionein
|Pfam clan
|Cyanobacterial SmtA
Cyanobacterial SmtA metallothionein bound to zinc ions. Cysteines in yellow, zinc in purple. (PDB: 1JJD)
|Bacterial metallothionein
|Pfam clan
Metallothionein (MT) is a family of cysteine-rich, low molecular weight (MW ranging from 500 to 14000 Da) proteins. They are localized to the membrane of the Golgi apparatus. MTs have the capacity to bind both physiological (such as zinc, copper, selenium) and xenobiotic (such as cadmium, mercury, silver, arsenic) heavy metals through the thiol group of its cysteine residues, which represent nearly 30% of its constituent amino acid residues.[2]
MT was discovered in 1957 by Vallee and Margoshe from purification of a Cd-binding protein from horse (equine) renal cortex.[3] MT plays a role in the protection against metal toxicity and oxidative stress, and is involved in zinc and copper regulation.[4] There are four main isoforms expressed in humans (family 1, see chart below): MT1 (subtypes A, B, E, F, G, H, L, M, X), MT2, MT3, and MT4. In the human body, large quantities are synthesised primarily in the liver and kidneys. Their production is dependent on availability of the dietary minerals such as zinc, copper, and selenium, as well as the amino acids histidine and cysteine.
Structure and classification
MTs are present in a vast range of taxonomic groups, ranging from prokaryotes (such as the cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp.), protozoa (such as the ciliate Tetrahymena genera), plants (such as Pisum sativum, Triticum durum, Zea mays, or Quercus suber), yeast (such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Candida albicans), invertebrates (such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the insect Drosophila melanogaster, the mollusc Mytilus edulis, or the echinoderm Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) and vertebrates (such as the chicken Gallus gallus, or the mammalian Homo sapiens or Mus musculus).
The MTs from this diverse taxonomic range represent a high-heterogeneity sequence (regarding molecular weight and number and distribution of Cys residues) and do not show general homology; in spite of this, homology is found inside some taxonomic groups (such as vertebrate MTs).
From their primary structure, MTs have been classified by different methods. The first one dates from 1987, when Fowler et al., established three classes of MTs: Class I, including the MTs which show homology with horse MT, Class II, including the rest of the MTs with no homology with horse MT, and Class III, which includes phytochelatins, Cys-rich enzymatically synthesised peptides. The second classification was performed by Binz and Kagi in 2001, and takes into account taxonomic parameters and the patterns of distribution of Cys residues along the MT sequence. It results in a classification of 15 families for proteinaceous MTs. Family 15 contains the plant MTs, which in 2002 have been further classified by Cobbet and Goldsbrough into 4 Types (1, 2, 3 and 4) depending on the distribution of their Cys residues and a Cys-devoid regions (called spacers) characteristic of plant MTs.
A table including the principal aspects of the two latter classifications is included.
|Sequence pattern
|Mus musculus MT1
|Mytilus edulis 10MTIV
|Homarus americanus MTH
|Strongylocentrotus purpuratus SpMTA
|Drosophila melanogaster MTNB
|Caenorhabditis elegans MT1
|x-C-C-C-x ?
|Tetrahymena thermophila MTT1
|Fungal 1
|Neurospora crassa MT
|Fungal 2
|Candida glabrata MT2
|Fungal 3
|Candida glabrata MT2
|Fungal 4
|Yarrowia lipolytica MT3
|Fungal 5
|Saccharomyces cerevisiae CUP1
|Fungal 6
|Saccharomyces cerevisiae CRS5
|Synechococcus sp SmtA
|Plant MTs Type 1
|C-X-C-X(3)- C-X-C-X(3)- C-X-C-X(3)-spacer-C-X-C-X(3)- C-X-C-X(3)- C-X-C-X(3)
|Pisum sativum MT
|Plant MTs Type 2
|C-C-X(3)-C-X-C-X(3)- C-X-C-X(3)- C-X-C-X(3)-spacer- C-X-C-X(3)- C-X-C-X(3)- C-X-C-X(3)
|Lycopersicon esculentum MT
|Plant MTs Type 3
|Arabidopsis thaliana MT3
|Plant MTs Type 4 or Ec
|Triticum aestivum MT
|Phytochelatins and other non-proteinaceous MT-like polypeptides
|Schizosaccharomyces pombe
More data on this classification are discoverable at the Expasy metallothionein page.[5]
Secondary structure elements have been observed in several MTs SmtA from Syneccochoccus, mammalian MT3, Echinoderma SpMTA, fish Notothenia coriiceps MT, Crustacean MTH, but until this moment, the content of such structures is considered to be poor in MTs, and its functional influence is not considered.
Tertiary structure of MTs is also highly heterogeneous. While vertebrate, echinoderm and crustacean MTs show a bidominial structure with divalent metals as Zn(II) or Cd(II) (the protein is folded so as to bind metals in two functionally independent domains, with a metallic cluster each), yeast and procariotyc MTs show a monodominial structure (one domain with a single metallic cluster). Although no structural data is available for molluscan, nematoda and Drosophila MTs, it is commonly assumed that the former are bidominial and the latter monodominial. No conclusive data are available for Plant MTs, but two possible structures have been proposed: 1) a bidominial structure similar to that of vertebrate MTs; 2) a codominial structure, in which two Cys-rich domains interact to form a single metallic cluster.
Quaternary structure has not been broadly considered for MTs. Dimerization and oligomerization processes have been observed and attributed to several molecular mechanisms, including intermolecular disulfide formation, bridging through metals bound by either Cys or His residues on different MTs, or inorganic phosphate-mediated interactions. Dimeric and polymeric MTs have been shown to acquire novel properties upon metal detoxification, but the physiological significance of these processes has been demonstrated only in the case of prokaryotic Synechococcus SmtA. The MT dimer produced by this organism forms structures similar to zinc fingers and has Zn-regulatory activity.
Metallothioneins have diverse metal-binding preferences, which have been associated with functional specificity. As an example, the mammalian Mus musculus MT1 preferentially binds divalent metal ions (Zn(II), Cd(II),...), while yeast CUP1 is selective for monovalent metal ions (Cu(I), Ag(I),...). Strictly metal-selective MTs with metal-specific physiological functions were discovered by Dallinger et al. (1997) in pulmonate snails (Gastropoda, Mollusca).[6] The Roman snail (Helix pomatia), for example, possesses a Cd-selective (CdMT) and a Cu-selective isoform (CuMT) involved in Cd detoxification and Cu regulation, respectively.[6] While both isoforms contain unvaried numbers and positions of Cys residues responsible for metal ligation, metal selectivity is apparently achieved by sequence modulation of amino acid residues not directly involved in metal binding (Palacios et al. 2011).[6][7]
A novel functional classification of MTs as Zn- or Cu-thioneins is currently being developed based on these functional preferences.
Metallothioneins are characterized by an abundance of cysteine residues and a lack of generic secondary structure motifs. Yeast Metallothionein (MT) are also alternatively named, Copper metallothionein (CUP).
This protein functions in primary metal storage, transport, and detoxification.[8] More specifically, Yeast MT stores copper so therefore protects the cell against copper toxicity by tightly chelating copper ions.
For the first 40 residues in the protein the polypeptide wraps around the metal by forming two large parallel loops separated by a deep cleft containing the metal cluster.[8]
Yeast MT can be found in the following:[9]
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Neurospora crassa
Metal binding
Metallothionein has been documented to bind a wide range of metals including cadmium,[10] lead,[11] zinc, mercury, copper, arsenic, silver, etc. Metalation of MT was previously reported to occur cooperatively [12] but recent reports have provided strong evidence that metal-binding occurs via a sequential, noncooperative mechanism.[13] The observation of partially metalated MT (that is, having some free metal binding capacity) suggest that these species are biologically important.
Metallothioneins likely participate in the uptake, transport, and regulation of zinc in biological systems. Mammalian MT binds three Zn(II) ions in its beta domain and four in the alpha domain. Cysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid, hence the name "-thionein". However, the participation of inorganic sulfide and chloride ions has been proposed for some MT forms. In some MTs, mostly bacterial, histidine participates in zinc binding. By binding and releasing zinc, metallothioneins (MTs) may regulate zinc levels within the body. Zinc, in turn, is a key element for the activation and binding of certain transcription factors through its participation in the zinc finger region of the protein.[14][15] Metallothionein also carries zinc ions (signals) from one part of the cell to another. When zinc enters a cell, it can be picked up by thionein (which thus becomes "metallothionein") and carried to another part of the cell where it is released to another organelle or protein. In this way the thionein-metallothionein becomes a key component of the zinc signaling system in cells. This system is particularly important in the brain, where zinc signaling is prominent both between and within nerve cells. It also seems to be important for the regulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53.
Control of oxidative stress
Cysteine residues from MTs can capture harmful oxidant radicals like the superoxide and hydroxyl radicals.[16] In this reaction, cysteine is oxidized to cystine, and the metal ions which were bound to cysteine are liberated to the media. As explained in the Expression and regulation section, this Zn can activate the synthesis of more MTs. This mechanism has been proposed to be an important mechanism in the control of the oxidative stress by MTs. The role of MTs in oxidative stress has been confirmed by MT Knockout mutants, but some experiments propose also a prooxidant role for MTs[citation needed].
Expression and regulation
Metallothionein gene expression is induced by a high variety of stimuli, as metal exposure, oxidative stress, glucocorticoids, Vitamin D, hydric stress, etc. The level of the response to these inducers depends on the MT gene. MT genes present in their promotors specific sequences for the regulation of the expression, elements as metal response elements (MRE), glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), GC-rich boxes, basal level elements (BLE), and thyroid response elements (TRE).[17][18]
Metallothionein and disease
Because MTs play an important role in transcription factor regulation, defects in MT function or expression may lead to malignant transformation of cells and ultimately cancer.[19] Studies have found increased expression of MTs in some cancers of the breast, colon, kidney, liver, skin (melanoma), lung, nasopharynx, ovary, prostate, mouth, salivary gland, testes, thyroid and urinary bladder; they have also found lower levels of MT expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and liver adenocarcinoma.[20]
There is evidence to suggest that higher levels of MT expression may also lead to resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs.[21]
Heavy metal toxicity has been proposed as a hypothetical etiology of autism, and dysfunction of MT synthesis and activity may play a role in this. Many heavy metals, including mercury, lead, and arsenic have been linked to symptoms that resemble the neurological symptoms of autism.[22] However, MT dysfunction has not specifically been linked to autistic spectrum disorders. A 2006 study, investigating children exposed to the vaccine preservative thiomersal, found that levels of MT and antibodies to MT in autistic children did not differ significantly from non-autistic children.[23]
A low zinc to copper ratio has been seen as a biomarker for autism and suggested as an indication that the Metallothionein system has been affected.[24]
Further, there is indication that the mother's zinc levels may affect the developing baby's immunological state that may lead to autism and could be again an indication that the Metallothionein system has been affected.[25]
See also
- ^ PDB: 2KAK; Peroza EA, Schmucki R, Güntert P, Freisinger E, Zerbe O (March 2009). "The beta(E)-domain of wheat E(c)-1 metallothionein: a metal-binding domain with a distinctive structure". J. Mol. Biol. 387 (1): 207–18. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.01.035. PMID 19361445.
- ^ Sigel H, Sigel A, eds. (2009). Metallothioneins and Related Chelators (Metal Ions in Life Sciences). Metal Ions in Life Sciences. 5. Cambridge, England: Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 1-84755-899-2.
- ^ Margoshes M, Vallee BL (1957). "A cadmium protein from equine kidney cortex". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 79 (17): 4813–4814. doi:10.1021/ja01574a064.
- ^ Felizola SJ, Nakamura Y, Arata Y, Ise K, Satoh F, Rainey WE, Midorikawa S, Suzuki S, Sasano H (2014). "Metallothionein-3 (MT-3) in the human adrenal cortex and its disorders". Endocrine Pathology. 25 (3): 229–235. doi:10.1007/s12022-013-9280-9. PMID 24242700.
- ^ "Metallothioneins: classification and list of entries". www.uniprot.org.
- ^ a b c Dallinger R, Berger B, Hunziker P, Kägi JH (1997). "Metallothionein in snail Cd and Cu metabolism". Nature. 388 (6639): 237–238.
- ^ Palacios Ò, Pagani A, Pérez-Rafael S, Egg M, Höckner M, Brandstätter A, Capdevila M, Atrian S, Dallinger R (2011). "Shaping mechanisms of metal specificity in a family of metazoan metallothioneins: evolutionary differentiation of mollusc metallothioneins". BMC Biology. 9 (4): 1–20. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-9-4.
- ^ a b Peterson CW, Narula SS, Armitage IM (January 1996). "3D solution structure of copper and silver-substituted yeast metallothioneins". FEBS Lett. 379 (1): 85–93. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)01492-6. PMID 8566237.
- ^ Butt TR, Ecker DJ (September 1987). "Yeast metallothionein and applications in biotechnology". Microbiol. Rev. 51 (3): 351–64. PMC 373116 . PMID 3312986.
- ^ Freisinger E, Vašák M (2013). "Cadmium in metallothioneins". Met Ions Life Sci. 11: 339–71. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_11. PMID 23430778.
- ^ Wong, Daisy L.; Merrifield-MacRae, Maureen E.; Stillma, Martin J. (2017). "Chapter 9. Lead(II) Binding in Metallothioneins". In Astrid, S.; Helmut, S.; Sigel, R. K. O. Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. 17. de Gruyter. pp. 241–270. doi:10.1515/9783110434330-009.
- ^ Krezel A, Maret W (September 2007). "Dual nanomolar and picomolar Zn(II) binding properties of metallothionein". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (35): 10911–21. doi:10.1021/ja071979s. PMID 17696343.
- ^ Huang M, Krepkiy D, Hu W, Petering D (2004). "Zn-, Cd-, and Pb-transcription factor IIIA: properties, DNA binding, and comparison with TFIIIA-finger 3 metal complexes". Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 98 (5): 775–785. doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.01.014. PMC 3516448 . PMID 15134923.
- ^ Huang M, Shaw CF, Petering D (2004). "Interprotein metal exchange between transcription factor IIIa and apo-metallothionein". Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 98 (4): 639–648. doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.02.004. PMC 3535305 . PMID 15041244.
- ^ Kumari MV, Hiramatsu M, Ebadi M (August 1998). "Free radical scavenging actions of metallothionein isoforms I and II". Free Radic. Res. 29 (2): 93–101. doi:10.1080/10715769800300111. PMID 9790511.
- ^ Klaassen, C; Liu, J; Choudhuri, S (1999). "Metallothionein: an intracellular protein to protect against cadmium toxicity". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 39: 267–294. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.267. PMID 10331085.
- ^ Mostafa WZ, Hegazy RA (2015). "Vitamin D and the skin: Focus on a complex relationship: A review". J Adv Res. 6 (6): 793–804. doi:10.1016/j.jare.2014.01.011. PMC 4642156 . PMID 26644915.
- ^ Krizkova S, Fabrik I, Adam V, Hrabeta J, Eckschlager T, Kizek R (2009). "Metallothionein--a promising tool for cancer diagnostics". Bratisl Lek Listy. 110 (2): 93–7. PMID 19408840.
- ^ Cherian, M. (2003). "Metallothioneins in human tumors and potential roles in carcinogenesis". Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 533: 201–209. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2003.07.013. PMID 14643421.
- ^ Basu, A. (2010). "Cellular Responses to Cisplatin-Induced DNA Damage". Journal of Nucleic Acids. 2010: 1–16. doi:10.4061/2010/201367.
- ^ Drum DA (October 2009). "Are toxic biometals destroying your children's future?". Biometals. 22 (5): 697–700. doi:10.1007/s10534-009-9212-9. PMID 19205900.
- ^ Singh VK, Hanson J (June 2006). "Assessment of metallothionein and antibodies to metallothionein in normal and autistic children having exposure to vaccine-derived thimerosal". Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 17 (4): 291–6. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00348.x. PMID 16771783.
- ^ Faber, S (2009). "The plasma zinc/serum copper ratio as a biomarker in children". Biomarkers. 14: 171–80. doi:10.1080/13547500902783747. PMID 19280374.
- ^ Guillermo, Vela (2015). "Zinc in Gut-Brain Interaction in Autism". Neural Plast. 2015: 972791. doi:10.1155/2015/972791. PMC 4386645 . PMID 25878905.
Further reading
- Cherian MG, Jayasurya A, Bay BH (December 2003). "Metallothioneins in human tumors and potential roles in carcinogenesis". Mutat. Res. 533 (1–2): 201–9. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2003.07.013. PMID 14643421.
External links
This page is based on a Wikipedia article. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
This tab holds the annotation information that is stored in the Pfam database. As we move to using Wikipedia as our main source of annotation, the contents of this tab will be gradually replaced by the Wikipedia tab.
Metallothionein Provide feedback
No Pfam abstract.
External database links
|mthina mthinb
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR003019
Metallothioneins (MT) are small proteins that bind heavy metals, such as zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, etc. They have a high content of cysteine residues that bind the metal ions through clusters of thiolate bonds [PUBMED:1779825, PUBMED:2959513]. An empirical classification into three classes has been proposed by Fowler and coworkers [PUBMED:2959504] and Kojima [PUBMED:1779826]. Members of class I are defined to include polypeptides related in the positions of their cysteines to equine MT-1B, and include mammalian MTs as well as from crustaceans and molluscs. Class II groups MTs from a variety of species, including sea urchins, fungi, insects and cyanobacteria. Class III MTs are atypical polypeptides composed of gamma-glutamylcysteinyl units [PUBMED:2959504].
This original classification system has been found to be limited, in the sense that it does not allow clear differentiation of patterns of structural similarities, either between or within classes. Subsequently, a new classification was proposed on the basis of sequence similarity derived from phylogenetic relationships, which basically proposes an MT family for each main taxonomic group of organisms [PUBMED:21633816].This entry includes metallothioneins from vertebrates [PUBMED:22791193] and MT-10 type metallothioneins from aquatic molluscs [PUBMED:18389296].
Gene Ontology
The mapping between Pfam and Gene Ontology is provided by InterPro. If you use this data please cite InterPro.
|Molecular function
|metal ion binding (GO:0046872)
Domain organisation
Below is a listing of the unique domain organisations or architectures in which this domain is found. More...
The graphic that is shown by default represents the longest sequence with a given architecture. Each row contains the following information:
- the number of sequences which exhibit this architecture
a textual description of the architecture, e.g. Gla, EGF x 2, Trypsin.
This example describes an architecture with one
Gladomain, followed by two consecutive
EGFdomains, and finally a single
- a link to the page in the Pfam site showing information about the sequence that the graphic describes
- the UniProt description of the protein sequence
- the number of residues in the sequence
- the Pfam graphic itself.
Note that you can see the family page for a particular domain by clicking on the graphic. You can also choose to see all sequences which have a given architecture by clicking on the Show link in each row.
Finally, because some families can be found in a very large number of architectures, we load only the first fifty architectures by default. If you want to see more architectures, click the button at the bottom of the page to load the next set.
Loading domain graphics...
Pfam Clan
This family is a member of clan Metallothionein (CL0461), which has the following description:
This superfamily contains related families of metallothioneins, prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The clan contains the following 7 members:Metallothi_Euk2 Metallothio Metallothio_6 Metallothio_Euk Metallothio_PEC Metallothio_Pro Yeast_MT
We store a range of different sequence alignments for families. As well as the seed alignment from which the family is built, we provide the full alignment, generated by searching the sequence database (reference proteomes) using the family HMM. We also generate alignments using four representative proteomes (RP) sets, the UniProtKB sequence database, the NCBI sequence database, and our metagenomics sequence database. More...
There are various ways to view or download the sequence alignments that we store. We provide several sequence viewers and a plain-text Stockholm-format file for download.
Alignment types
We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family:
- seed
- the curated alignment from which the HMM for the family is built
- full
- the alignment generated by searching the sequence database using the HMM
- Representative Proteomes (RPs) at 15%, 35%, 55% and 75% co-membership thresholds
- UniProt
- alignment generated by searching the UniProtKB sequence database using the family HMM
- alignment generated by searching the NCBI sequence database using the family HMM
- meta
- alignment generated by searching the metagenomics sequence database using the family HMM
You can see the alignments as HTML or in three different sequence viewers:
- jalview
- a Java applet developed at the University of Dundee. You will need Java installed before running jalview
- an HTML page showing the whole alignment.Please note: full Pfam alignments can be very large. These HTML views are extremely large and often cause problems for browsers. Please use either jalview or the Pfam viewer if you have trouble viewing the HTML version
- PP/Heatmap
- an HTML-based representation of the alignment, coloured according to the posterior-probability (PP) values from the HMM. As for the standard HTML view, heatmap alignments can also be very large and slow to render.
You can download (or view in your browser) a text representation of a Pfam alignment in various formats:
- Selex
- Stockholm
You can also change the order in which sequences are listed in the alignment, change how insertions are represented, alter the characters that are used to represent gaps in sequences and, finally, choose whether to download the alignment or to view it in your browser directly.
You may find that large alignments cause problems for the viewers and the reformatting tool, so we also provide all alignments in Stockholm format. You can download either the plain text alignment, or a gzipped version of it.
View options
We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family. You can see a description of each above. You can view these alignments in various ways but please note that some types of alignment are never generated while others may not be available for all families, most commonly because the alignments are too large to handle.
|Representative proteomes
1Cannot generate PP/Heatmap alignments for seeds; no PP data available
Key: available, not generated, — not available.
Format an alignment
Download options
We make all of our alignments available in Stockholm format. You can download them here as raw, plain text files or as gzip-compressed files.
|Representative proteomes
|Raw Stockholm
You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.
HMM logo
HMM logos is one way of visualising profile HMMs. Logos provide a quick overview of the properties of an HMM in a graphical form. You can see a more detailed description of HMM logos and find out how you can interpret them here. More...
If you find these logos useful in your own work, please consider citing the following article:
This page displays the phylogenetic tree for this family's seed alignment. We use FastTree to calculate neighbour join trees with a local bootstrap based on 100 resamples (shown next to the tree nodes). FastTree calculates approximately-maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees from our seed alignment.
Note: You can also download the data file for the tree.
Curation and family details
This section shows the detailed information about the Pfam family. You can see the definitions of many of the terms in this section in the glossary and a fuller explanation of the scoring system that we use in the scores section of the help pages.
|Seed source:
|Previous IDs:
|Sequence Ontology:
|Sonnhammer ELL
|Number in seed:
|Number in full:
|Average length of the domain:
|57.90 aa
|Average identity of full alignment:
|67 %
|Average coverage of the sequence by the domain:
|88.59 %
HMM information
|HMM build commands:
build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED
search method: hmmsearch -Z 45638612 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq
|Model details:
|Model length:
|Family (HMM) version:
|download the raw HMM for this family
Species distribution
Sunburst controlsHide
Weight segments by...
Change the size of the sunburst
Colour assignments
|Other sequences
|Unclassified sequence
Align selected sequences to HMM
Generate a FASTA-format file
Clear selection
Currently selected:
- 0 sequences
- 0 species
This visualisation provides a simple graphical representation of the distribution of this family across species. You can find the original interactive tree in the adjacent tab. More...
This chart is a modified "sunburst" visualisation of the species tree for this family. It shows each node in the tree as a separate arc, arranged radially with the superkingdoms at the centre and the species arrayed around the outermost ring.
How the sunburst is generated
The tree is built by considering the taxonomic lineage of each sequence that has a match to this family. For each node in the resulting tree, we draw an arc in the sunburst. The radius of the arc, its distance from the root node at the centre of the sunburst, shows the taxonomic level ("superkingdom", "kingdom", etc). The length of the arc represents either the number of sequences represented at a given level, or the number of species that are found beneath the node in the tree. The weighting scheme can be changed using the sunburst controls.
In order to reduce the complexity of the representation, we reduce the number of taxonomic levels that we show. We consider only the following eight major taxonomic levels:
- superkingdom
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
Colouring and labels
Segments of the tree are coloured approximately according to their superkingdom. For example, archeal branches are coloured with shades of orange, eukaryotes in shades of purple, etc. The colour assignments are shown under the sunburst controls. Where space allows, the name of the taxonomic level will be written on the arc itself.
As you move your mouse across the sunburst, the current node will be highlighted. In the top section of the controls panel we show a summary of the lineage of the currently highlighed node. If you pause over an arc, a tooltip will be shown, giving the name of the taxonomic level in the title and a summary of the number of sequences and species below that node in the tree.
Anomalies in the taxonomy tree
There are some situations that the sunburst tree cannot easily handle and for which we have work-arounds in place.
Missing taxonomic levels
Some species in the taxonomic tree may not have one or more of the main eight levels that we display. For example, Bos taurus is not assigned an order in the NCBI taxonomic tree. In such cases we mark the omitted level with, for example, "No order", in both the tooltip and the lineage summary.
Unmapped species names
The tree is built by looking at each sequence in the full alignment for the family. We take the name of the species given by UniProt and try to map that to the full taxonomic tree from NCBI. In some cases, the name chosen by UniProt does not map to any node in the NCBI tree, perhaps because the chosen name is listed as a synonym or a misspelling in the NCBI taxonomy.
So that these nodes are not simply omitted from the sunburst tree, we group them together in a separate branch (or segment of the sunburst tree). Since we cannot determine the lineage for these unmapped species, we show all levels between the superkingdom and the species as "uncategorised".
Since we reduce the species tree to only the eight main taxonomic levels, sequences that are mapped to the sub-species level in the tree would not normally be shown. Rather than leave out these species, we map them instead to their parent species. So, for example, for sequences belonging to one of the Vibrio cholerae sub-species in the NCBI taxonomy, we show them instead as belonging to the species Vibrio cholerae.
Too many species/sequences
For large species trees, you may see blank regions in the outer layers of the sunburst. These occur when there are large numbers of arcs to be drawn in a small space. If an arc is less than approximately one pixel wide, it will not be drawn and the space will be left blank. You may still be able to get some information about the species in that region by moving your mouse across the area, but since each arc will be very small, it will be difficult to accurately locate a particular species.
Tree controlsHide
Download tree
- Save a text representation
Selected sequences
- (Uncheck all)
- graphically
- as an alignment
- sequence accessions
- sequences in FASTA format
The tree shows the occurrence of this domain across different species. More...
Species trees
We show the species tree in one of two ways. For smaller trees we try to show an interactive representation, which allows you to select specific nodes in the tree and view them as an alignment or as a set of Pfam domain graphics.
Unfortunately we have found that there are problems viewing the interactive tree when the it becomes larger than a certain limit. Furthermore, we have found that Internet Explorer can become unresponsive when viewing some trees, regardless of their size. We therefore show a text representation of the species tree when the size is above a certain limit or if you are using Internet Explorer to view the site.
If you are using IE you can still load the interactive tree by clicking the "Generate interactive tree" button, but please be aware of the potential problems that the interactive species tree can cause.
Interactive tree
For all of the domain matches in a full alignment, we count the number that are found on all sequences in the alignment. This total is shown in the purple box.
We also count the number of unique sequences on which each domain is found, which is shown in green. Note that a domain may appear multiple times on the same sequence, leading to the difference between these two numbers.
Finally, we group sequences from the same organism according to the NCBI code that is assigned by UniProt, allowing us to count the number of distinct sequences on which the domain is found. This value is shown in the pink boxes.
We use the NCBI species tree to group organisms according to their taxonomy and this forms the structure of the displayed tree. Note that in some cases the trees are too large (have too many nodes) to allow us to build an interactive tree, but in most cases you can still view the tree in a plain text, non-interactive representation. Those species which are represented in the seed alignment for this domain are highlighted.
You can use the tree controls to manipulate how the interactive tree is displayed:
- show/hide the summary boxes
- highlight species that are represented in the seed alignment
- expand/collapse the tree or expand it to a given depth
- select a sub-tree or a set of species within the tree and view them graphically or as an alignment
- save a plain text representation of the tree
Please note: for large trees this can take some time. While the tree is loading, you can safely switch away from this tab but if you browse away from the family page entirely, the tree will not be loaded.
For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the Metallothio domain has been found. There are 15 instances of this domain found in the PDB. Note that there may be multiple copies of the domain in a single PDB structure, since many structures contain multiple copies of the same protein sequence.
Loading structure mapping...