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Micropayments are back, at least in theory, thanks to P2P. Micropayments are an idea with a long history and a disputed definition - as the W3C micropayment working group puts it, " ... there is no clear definition of a 'Web micropayment' that encompasses all systems," but in its broadest definition, the word micropayment refers to "low-value electronic financial transactions."
P2P creates two problems that micropayments seem ideally suited to solve. The first is the need to reward creators of text, graphics, music or video without the overhead of publishing middlemen or the necessity to charge high prices. The success of music-sharing systems such as Napster and Audiogalaxy, and the growth of more general platforms for file sharing such as Gnutella, Freenet and AIMster, make this problem urgent.
The other, more general P2P problem micropayments seem to solve is the need for efficient markets. Proponents believe that micropayments are ideal not just for paying artists and musicians, but for providers of any resource - spare cycles, spare disk space, and so on. Accordingly, micropayments are a necessary precondition for the efficient use of distributed resources.
Jakob Nielsen, in his essay The Case for Micropayments writes, "I predict that most sites that are not financed through traditional product sales will move to micropayments in less than two years," and Nicholas Negroponte makes an even shorter-term prediction: "You're going to see within the next year an extraordinary movement on the Web of systems for micropayment ... ." He goes on to predict micropayment revenues in the tens or hundreds of billions of dollars.
Alas for micropayments, both of these predictions were made in 1998. (In 1999, Nielsen reiterated his position, saying, "I now finally believe that the first wave of micropayment services will hit in 2000.") And here it is, the end of 2000. Not only did we not get the flying cars, we didn't get micropayments either. What happened?
Micropayment systems have not failed because of poor implementation; they have failed because they are a bad idea. Furthermore, since their weakness is systemic, they will continue to fail in the future.
Proponents of micropayments often argue that the real world demonstrates user acceptance: Micropayments are used in a number of household utilities such as electricity, gas, and most germanely telecom services like long distance.
These arguments run aground on the historical record. There have been a number of attempts to implement micropayments, and they have not caught on in even in a modest fashion - a partial list of floundering or failed systems includes FirstVirtual, Cybercoin, Millicent, Digicash, Internet Dollar, Pay2See, MicroMint and Cybercent. If there was going to be broad user support, we would have seen some glimmer of it by now.
Furthermore, businesses like the gas company and the phone company that use micropayments offline share one characteristic: They are all monopolies or cartels. In situations where there is real competition, providers are usually forced to drop "pay as you go" schemes in response to user preference, because if they don't, anyone who can offer flat-rate pricing becomes the market leader. (See sidebar: "Simplicity in pricing.")
Simplicity in pricing
The historical record for user preferences in telecom has been particularly clear. In Andrew Odlyzko's seminal work, The history of communications and its implications for the Internet, he puts it this way:
"There are repeating patterns in the histories of communication technologies, including ordinary mail, the telegraph, the telephone, and the Internet. In particular, the typical story for each service is that quality rises, prices decrease, and usage increases to produce increased total revenues. At the same time, prices become simpler.
"The historical analogies of this paper suggest that the Internet will evolve in a similar way, towards simplicity. The schemes that aim to provide differentiated service levels and sophisticated pricing schemes are unlikely to be widely adopted."
Why have micropayments failed? There's a short answer and a long one. The short answer captures micropayment's fatal weakness; the long one just provides additional detail.
Users hate them.
Why does it matter that users hate micropayments? Because users are the ones with the money, and micropayments do not take user preferences into account.
In particular, users want predictable and simple pricing. Micropayments, meanwhile, waste the users' mental effort in order to conserve cheap resources, by creating many tiny, unpredictable transactions. Micropayments thus create in the mind of the user both anxiety and confusion, characteristics that users have not heretofore been known to actively seek out.
Many people working on micropayments emphasize the need for simplicity in the implementation. Indeed, the W3C is working on a micropayment system embedded within a link itself, an attempt to make the decision to purchase almost literally a no-brainer.
Embedding the micropayment into the link would seem to take the intrusiveness of the micropayment to an absolute minimum, but in fact it creates a double-standard. A transaction can't be worth so much as to require a decision but worth so little that that decision is automatic. There is a certain amount of anxiety involved in any decision to buy, no matter how small, and it derives not from the interface used or the time required, but from the very act of deciding.
Micropayments, like all payments, require a comparison: "Is this much of X worth that much of Y?" There is a minimum mental transaction cost created by this fact that cannot be optimized away, because the only transaction a user will be willing to approve with no thought will be one that costs them nothing, which is no transaction at all.
Thus the anxiety of buying is a permanent feature of micropayment systems, since economic decisions are made on the margin - not, "Is a drink worth a dollar?" but, "Is the next drink worth the next dollar?" Anything that requires the user to approve a transaction creates this anxiety, no matter what the mechanism for deciding or paying is.
The desired state for micropayments - "Get the user to authorize payment without creating any overhead" - can thus never be achieved, because the anxiety of decision making creates overhead. No matter how simple the interface is, there will always be transactions too small to be worth the hassle.
Even accepting the anxiety of deciding as a permanent feature of commerce, micropayments would still seem to have an advantage over larger payments, since the cost of the transaction is so low. Who could haggle over a penny's worth of content? After all, people routinely leave extra pennies in a jar by the cashier. Surely amounts this small makes valuing a micropayment transaction effortless?
Here again micropayments create a double-standard. One cannot tell users that they need to place a monetary value on something while also suggesting that the fee charged is functionally zero. This creates confusion - if the message to the user is that paying a penny for something makes it effectively free, then why isn't it actually free? Alternatively, if the user is being forced to assent to a debit, how can they behave as if they are not spending money?
Beneath a certain price, goods or services become harder to value, not easier, because the X for Y comparison becomes more confusing, not less. Users have no trouble deciding whether a $1 newspaper is worthwhile - did it interest you, did it keep you from getting bored, did reading it let you sound up to date - but how could you decide whether each part of the newspaper is worth a penny?
Was each of 100 individual stories in the newspaper worth a penny, even though you didn't read all of them? Was each of the 25 stories you read worth 4 cents apiece? If you read a story halfway through, was it worth half what a full story was worth? And so on.
When you disaggregate a newspaper, it becomes harder to value, not easier. By accepting that different people will find different things interesting, and by rolling all of those things together, a newspaper achieves what micropayments cannot: clarity in pricing.
The very micro-ness of micropayments makes them confusing. At the very least, users will be persistently puzzled over the conflicting messages of "This is worth so much you have to decide whether to buy it or not" and "This is worth so little that it has virtually no cost to you."
Micropayment advocates mistakenly believe that efficient allocation of resources is the purpose of markets. Efficiency is a byproduct of market systems, not their goal. The reasons markets work are not because users have embraced efficiency but because markets are the best place to allow users to maximize their preferences, and very often their preferences are not for conservation of cheap resources.
Imagine you are moving and need to buy cardboard boxes. Now you could go and measure the height, width, and depth of every object in your house - every book, every fork, every shoe - and then create 3D models of how these objects could be most densely packed into cardboard boxes, and only then buy the actual boxes. This would allow you to use the minimum number of boxes.
But you don't care about cardboard boxes, you care about moving, so spending time and effort to calculate the exact number of boxes conserves boxes but wastes time. Furthermore, you know that having one box too many is not nearly as bad as having one box too few, so you will be willing to guess how many boxes you will need, and then pad the number.
For low-cost items, in other words, you are willing to overpay for cheap resources, in order to have a system that maximizes other, more important, preferences. Micropayment systems, by contrast, typically treat cheap resources (content, cycles, disk) as precious commodities, while treating the user's time as if were so abundant as to be free.
Neither the difficulties posed by mental transaction costs nor the the historical record of user demand for simple, predictable pricing offers much hope for micropayments. In fact, as happened with earlier experiments attempting to replace cash with "smart cards," a new form of financial infrastructure turned out to be unnecessary when the existing infrastructure proved flexible enough to be modified. Smart cards as cash replacements failed because the existing credit card infrastructure was extended to include both debit cards and ubiquitous card-reading terminals.
So it is with micropayments. The closest thing we have to functioning micropayment systems, Qpass and Paypal, are simply new interfaces to the existing credit card infrastructure. These services do not lower mental transaction costs nor do they make it any easier for a user to value a penny's worth of anything - they simply make it possible for users to spend their money once they've decided to.
Micropayment systems are simply payment systems, and the size and frequency of the average purchase will be set by the user's willingness to spend, not by special infrastructure or interfaces. There is no magic bullet - only payment systems that work within user expectations can succeed, and users will not tolerate many tiny payments.
This still leaves the problems that micropayments were meant to solve. How to balance users' strong preference for simple pricing with the enormous number of cheap, but not free, things available on the Net?
Micropayment advocates often act as if this is a problem particular to the Internet, but the real world abounds with items of vanishingly small value: a single stick of gum, a single newspaper article, a single day's rent. There are three principal solutions to this problem offline - aggregation, subscription, and subsidy - that are used individually or in combination. It is these same solutions - and not micropayments - that are likely to prevail online as well.
Aggregation follows the newspaper example earlier - gather together a large number of low-value things, and bundle them into a single higher-value transaction.
Call this the "Disneyland" pricing model - entrance to the park costs money, and all the rides are free. Likewise, the newspaper has a single cost, that, once paid, gives the user free access to all the stories.
Aggregation also smoothes out the differences in preferences. Imagine a newspaper sold in three separate sections - news, business, and sports. Now imagine that Curly would pay a nickel to get the news section, a dime for business, and a dime for sports; Moe would pay a dime each for news and business but only a nickel for sports; and Larry would pay a dime, a nickel, and a dime.
If the newspaper charges a nickel a section, each man will buy all three sections, for 15 cents. If it prices each section at a dime, each man will opt out of one section, paying a total of 20 cents. If the newspaper aggregates all three sections together, however, Curly, Moe and Larry will all agree to pay 25 cents for the whole, even though they value the parts differently.
Aggregation thus not only lowers the mental transaction costs associated with micropayments by bundling several purchase decisions together, it creates economic efficiencies unavailable in a world where each resource is priced separately.
A subscription is a way of bundling diverse materials together over a set period, in return for a set fee from the user. As the newspaper example demonstrates, aggregation and subscription can work together for the same bundle of assets.
Subscription is more than just aggregation in time. Money's value is variable - $100 today is better than $100 a month from now. Furthermore, producers value predictability no less than consumers, so producers are often willing to trade lower subscription prices in return for lump sum payments and more predictable revenue stream.
Long-term incentives
Game theory fans will recognize subscription arrangements as an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, where the producer's incentive to ship substandard product or the consumer's to take resources without paying is dampened by the repetition of delivery and payment.
Subscription also serves as a reputation management system. Because producer and consumer are more known to one another in a subscription arrangement than in one-off purchases, and because the consumer expects steady production from the producer, while the producer hopes for renewed subscriptions from the consumer, both sides have an incentive to live up to their part of the bargain, as a way of creating long-term value. (See sidebar: "Long-term incentives".)
Subsidy is by far the most common form of pricing for the resources micropayments were meant to target. Subsidy is simply getting someone other than the audience to offset costs. Again, the newspaper example shows that subsidy can exist alongside aggregation and subscription, since the advertisers subsidize most, and in some cases all, of a newspaper's costs. Advertising subsidy is the normal form of revenue for most Web sites offering content.
The biggest source of subsidy on the Net overall, however, is from the the users themselves. The weblog movement, where users generate daily logs of their thoughts and interests, is typically user subsidized - both the time and the resources needed to generate and distribute the content are donated by the user as a labor of love.
Indeed, even as the micropayment movement imagines a world where charging for resources becomes easy enough to spawn a new class of professionals, what seems to be happening is that the resources are becoming cheap enough to allow amateurs to easily subsidize their own work.
Against users' distaste for micropayments, the tools of aggregation, subscription and subsidy will be the principle tools for bridging the gap between atomized resources and demand for simple, predictable pricing.
Micropayment proponents have long suggested that micropayments will work because it would be great if they did. A functioning micropayment system would solve several thorny financial problems all at once. Unfortunately, the barriers to micropayments are not problems of technology and interface, but user approval. The advantage of micropayment systems to people receiving micropayments is clear, but the value to users whose money and time is involved isn't.
Because of transactional inefficiencies, user resistance, and the increasing flexibility of the existing financial framework, micropayments will never become a general class of network application. Anyone setting out to build systems that reward resource providers will have to create payment systems that provides users the kind of financial experience they demand - simple, predictable and easily valued. Only solutions that play by these rules will succeed.
Clay Shirky writes about the Internet and teaches at NYU's Interactive Telecommunications Program. He publishes a mailing list on Networks, Economics, and Culture at shirky.com/nec.html.
Return to the P2P DevCenter.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


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AAAS Conference 2014: Space Oddities
Space Oddities: Urbanity, American Identity, and Cultural Exchange
41st AAAS Conference in Graz / Nov. 21 – 23, 2014
When we think of American cities, we have a complex (and often contradictory) set of images in mind, possibly encompassing glimpses of the Boston Marathon bombings, postcard motifs of the One World Trade Center, and palm trees on Sunset Boulevard, L.A. In its various shapes and discourses, the American city functions as both a parameter and an expression of the complexities of U.S. social practice. At the same time, it also serves as a prism of overarching social and cultural transformation.
This conference is interested in tracking these recent changes by focusing on the 'oddities' of the American urban imaginary in the age of globalization and deterritorialization. "The city as we imagine it, the soft city of illusion, myth, aspiration, and nightmare," Jonathan Raban points out, "is as real, maybe more real than the hard city one can locate on maps, statistics, monographs on urban sociology, demography and architecture." Our line of inquiry reflects Raban's idea of the 'soft city,' but also follows Henri Lefevbre's premise in The Production of Space that every society produces its own space as a means of expressing its specificity and distinction from other societies.
Thus conceived, the city serves as a site of negotiation between America's 'lived space,' marked by the experience of transcultural encounter and ethnic heterogeneity, and the nation's 'abstract space,' defined by more ideological, mythological, and institutionalized patterns. Following Lefevbre's three modes of spatial production, namely perception, representation, and imagination, we will examine the conflicting genealogies, aesthetics, and functions of U.S. American urban space in recent years.
Possible targets of discussion include "real-and-imagined places" (E. Soja) such as Las Vegas and Los Angeles as well as more historically grounded metropolises such as New York City and Chicago. What all American cities seem to have in common is that they participate in a discourse that Edward Soja has put under the header of an "imaginative geography," that is, a form of cognitive mapping that constructs national and cultural identity along the lines of geographic borders. Special attention will be paid to three forms of American spatiality: a.) lived urban spaces (Atlantic/Pacific cities, transcultural modes of exchange, urban subcultures, etc.), b.) mapped spaces (city charts, Google maps, etc.), and c.) imaginary and mediated spaces (fake cities, simulacra such as Disneyland, literary and cinematic cities, etc.).
We invite scholars from various disciplines to submit proposals for papers and panels dealing with issues of spatiality and urbanity. Contributions could address – but are not limited to – the following topics and questions:
- Affective spaces – How can American cities be imagined in terms of affects and emotional involvement? How can urban space be visualized affectively (somatic rhythms, etc.)?
- Commercial spaces – In what way have spaces of capital (banks, malls etc.), in which identity is absorbed by commerce, influenced the organization of American urban space?
- Gendered spaces – To what extent are American cities still divided into separate spheres (sports stadiums, shopping malls, public parks, etc.)? How have these divisions changed?
- Globalized spaces – How are U.S. metropolises structured along what Appadurai calls "global ethnoscapes" or what Soja has termed "thirdspace" (transnational areas within city life, etc.)?
- Heterotopias – In what way is American urban space permeated by "heterotopias" (Foucault), that is, utopias put into practice (asylums, prison houses, etc.)?
- Liminal spaces – How do border-crossing phenomena contribute to the production of American space (border cities, transcultural interchange between the U.S. and Canada/Mexico, etc.)?
- Public spaces and counter-publics – Which influence do subversive phenomena have upon the organization of urban space in the U.S. (Occupy, Gay Pride marches, etc.)?
- Racialized spaces – In what way are racialized/ethnicized spaces (Chinatown, ethnic subcultures, etc.) still inscribed into the American urban imaginary?
- Stratified spaces – To what extent can we find class hierarchies and social stratifications in the modern cityscape (ghettoes, suburbs, etc.)?
- Spaces of ageing – Is the category of age dominant in the appearance and representation of American cities (youth culture, etc.)?
- Temporal spaces – To what degree are rented and mobile spaces (hotels, cars, trains, etc.) involved in the construction of an aesthetics of fluid urban space?
- Virtual spaces – How have phenomena of digitalization (Facebook, Twitter, spaces of security, 3-D cities, etc.) shaped our understanding of urban territories in the U.S.?
Please send abstracts (or glowing pamphlets) of no more than 300 words, accompanied by a bio sketch of no more than 100 words, to elisa.edwards(at)uni-graz.at by May 26, 2014 (Monday).

subset: commoncrawl


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Qintai culture & arts centre is spreading to No. 1 Han River Bridge in the east, to Yuehu Lake in the west, to Qintai Road in the west. it is the greatest culture park of Wuhan City, Drawing near the Han River, resting the head on Yuehu Lake and backing on Meizi Mountain, here is crowned as "the most beautiful parlor of Wuhan".
Hubei Province, called "E"for the People's Republic of provincial administrative regions. Hubei Province in central China, the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake and the north, between latitude 29 ° 05 'to 33 ° 20 ', longitude 108 ° 21 'to 116 ° 07 '; north of Henan Province, Anhui Province, east, southeast and south O Jiangxi and Hunan provinces, west of Chongqing Municipality, Shaanxi Province, adjacent to the northwest. 740 km long from east to north-south width of 470 km, an area of 185,900 square kilometers, accounting for 1.95% of total area, ranking 13th. The capital is the only central region vice provincial cities - Wuhan City.


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Kourtney & Kim Take Miami: Khloe disses Kris Humphries
We all know that Kim Kardashian's divorce from NBA star Kris Humphries has been dragging on since she filed in October 2011. But it was still fresh in Khloe Kardashian Odom's mind in the season opener of E!'s Kourtney & Kim Take Miami on Sunday.
"Like, seriously, what a waste of your time," Khloe said to Kim. "I feel like it was a dream. I feel like it never really even happened."
Said Kim, "It's a really expensive dream that won't leave me alone. I'm annoyed about it, but I've taken it to a level where I'm like, I can't stress about this. The judge says we will be divorced in 2013."
Khloe, who was never that keen on Humphries, wouldn't let up. "If you wanted to marry someone just for press, wouldn't you have picked someone that was actually popular?"
Kim didn't get upset, though. "I don't know why you think I have to be so mad about this," she says to Khloe. "I have cried about this for months and months and months. At some point, I have to let it go."
Later, Khloe does a little more Humphries-bashing, saying, "If you ever come across someone who barks for most of his words, don't date him."
Fortunately for him, Kanye West seems to have Khloe's seal of approval. "He is so much better than Humphries."


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Landlord might not be able to tow your car
Q. I own two cars. One of them is parked in the lot in front of my apartment. Because I don't use it very often, I have not yet renewed my license plates. Yesterday, my landlord had my car towed, and it cost me $350 to get it back. Is this legal?
A. Under the Texas towing law, a landlord may not tow a car from an apartment parking lot simply because it has an expired license or inspection certificate. The landlord may have the car towed only if you are given at least 10 days written notice that the vehicle will be towed from the facility at your expense. The notice must be delivered in person or by certified mail. If the landlord did not give you proper notice, he or dshe has violated this law, and you should be entitled to the amount you had to pay for the return of the car. I suggest you talk with your landlord and request he reimburse you for the money you paid. If he refuses, consider small claims court. Unlawfully towing your car could be a violation of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act, and you may be entitled to up to three times your damages, plus attorneys fees.
Q. My sister has a power of attorney over my deceased father's property. I don't think she is doing what he said to do in his will. Is this legal? How do I challenge what she is doing?
A. As you know a power of attorney gives someone the right to manage the affairs of another person. A power of attorney, however, terminates at death. In other words, your sister's power of attorney is no longer valid. The executor or administrator is the one who now manages your father's estate. I suggest you file to probate his will, or if there is no will, to administer his estate. Then the executor or administrator will be the one who manages the estate.
Q. My father has a common law marriage with another woman, even though he never divorced my mother. Is this legal?
A. You cannot have two wives. You cannot marry one person while you are still married to another. A common law marriage is no different from any other form of marriage. Until you get a divorce, you cannot have another marriage, common law or otherwise. Based on what you say, your father has just one wife, your mother.
Q. I am about to sign a lease for a new apartment. The lease requires I buy renter's insurance. I have never heard of a landlord making a tenant carry insurance. I was always under the impression that renter's insurance was just that — insurance to protect the renter's belongings, if you so desire. I feel that this is in effect, like carrying property insurance on something that does not belong to me. Can I be forced to buy this insurance?
A. An apartment may require a tenant to obtain any type insurance as part of the lease, and more and more apartments are requiring renter's insurance. A lease is simply a contract, and either party may refuse to agree unless certain terms are included. If the lease requires renter's insurance and you did not want to sign it, you may simply walk away and go to another apartment. In my opinion, however, requiring renter's insurance is a reasonable provision. Tenants should always have renter's insurance, and not just to protect their property. For example, you probably are responsible for damage done to the building caused by your negligence or that of one of your guests. If there was even a small fire, you could owe a substantial sum of money. Renter's insurance protects you in the event that such an event happens.
Do you have a consumer problem? The Texas Consumer Complaint Center can help resolve just about any type of consumer dispute. To contact the center, go to www.texsasccc.com or call (877) 839-8422.


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Wasatch Beers and their partner in the Utah Brewers Cooperative, Squatters Beers, have started selling several of their brews in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
A few years ago, Utah brewer Wasatch Beers poked fun at Mormonism and made headlines with the release of Polygamy Porter, with the tagline "Why Have Just One!."
Now New Englanders can decide if they want to have more than one, as Wasatch and their partner in the Utah Brewers Cooperative, Squatters Beers, have started selling several of their beers in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
The two breweries originally started as brewpubs – Wasatch was founded in 1986 while Squatters was founded in 1989. Throughout the years, they were in competition until they formed the Utah Brewers Cooperative in 2000. The brewpubs remain separate, while they share a brewery for their bottled beers.
Last year, a Boston investment firm put money into the Utah Brewers Cooperative to help them expand. Now, they've expanded to Massachusetts.
I taste tested all six beers that are available – four from Wasatch and two from Squatters – and I enjoyed them all.
First up, I'll take a look at the beers from Squatters, which I had a chance to try a couple of years ago when a co-worker somehow convinced them to send me some beer. Two of Squatters' beers are available – the IPA and Hop Rising, a double IPA.
The IPA comes in at a solid 6.5 percent alcohol by volume (ABV). This IPA is right in my wheelhouse when it comes to the flavor profile I really enjoy – spicy, piney and a touch fruity from the hops. The malt sweetness adds a pleasant biscuity background that really works with the beer. This beer is all about the balance, something brewers sometimes forget when they make an IPA.
The Hop Rising is a big beer, coming in at 9 percent ABV. This beer smells grassy, and the piney hops really come through. The caramel malts take a backseat in this beer, providing just enough sweetness to keep this from being too biter. This is a big beer, but it doesn't drink big. It goes down relatively easy.
It is also one of the few double IPAs that comes in six-packs rather than four-packs or singles, so if you're a hophead wanting a six-pack, this is a good option for you.
The four beers from Wasatch run the gamut of beer styles, from a fruit beer to a double bock.
The lightest offering is the Apricot Hefeweizen at 4 percent ABV. There are several beers that brew with apricots, and the ones that work taste like real fruit, not flavor additives. This one tastes like real fruit. The bottle went down really quick. This is a great hot weather refresher.
On the opposite end of the spectrum is the Devastator Double Bock, Wasatch's strongest beer available here at 8 percent ABV.
This is a big, malty beer. This is a beer to sip. It has a doughy/bready flavor and some caramel hints. It also has an unusual smoky finish that you don't expect in most doppelbocks, but I kind of liked it because I'm a big fan of smoked lagers.
The most surprising of the Utah beers was the Ghostrider. I'm not generally a fan of white India Pale ales (IPAs brewed with wheat and spices such as bitter orange peel and coriander). I find most of them to be just boring beers, with the flavors just not blending together in a pleasant way.
But the Ghostrider was better than most. It tasted what I imagined a white IPA should taste like – an IPA with a few additional spices, rather than an IPA and a Belgian witbier, or white beer, competing to be the dominant flavor.
Finally, the most famous of the beers, the Polygamy Porter, is a 4 percent ABV brown porter. This is a really solid beer, it's smooth and dry, with hints of chocolate and just a wee bit of coffee in the finish. Although it's a dark beer, it's not heavy.
Norman Miller is a MetroWest Daily News staff writer. Email email@example.com or call 508-626-3823. Check out the Beer Nut blog at blogs.wickedlocal.com/beernut. Follow him on Twitter at @realbeernut or on Pinterest at www.pinterest.com/beernutnorman. Also check out the Beer Nut on Facebook at http://tinyurl.com/bwa2sdn.


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Anchorage Social Security -- Disability Lawyers - Alaska
- Try Searching for Alaska Social Security -- Disability Lawyers in a larger city, county or metro
- Try different legal issues
- Try Searching for cities in Alaska
You've come to the right place. If you or someone you know is unable to work because of a long-term disability, and who may be eligible to receive social security disability benefits (SSDI) from the government, a social security disability lawyer can help.
Use FindLaw to hire a local social security disability attorney near you to help guide you through the claims process, and resolve any problems that arise with SSDI claims and benefits.
Consider the following:
Comfort Level - Are you comfortable telling the lawyer personal information? Does the lawyer seem interested in solving your problem?
Credentials - How long has the lawyer been in practice? Has the lawyer worked on other cases similar to yours?
Cost - How are the lawyer's fees structured - hourly or flat fee? Can the lawyer estimate the cost of your case?
City - Is the lawyer's office conveniently located near you?


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For tissue lysis
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Rollie's first special attack is currently called Unicorn Charge, but it's not really a charge. She almost immediately turns around and kicks several times with the hind legs. I propose this special name be changed to match the action.
The first and easiest suggestion would be Unicorn Kick.
Unicorn Buck would add some personality, but might not be as safe of a choice.


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France avoids recession; GDP up 0.2 pct in Q3
PARIS (AP) -- France narrowly avoided falling into recession in the third quarter, official figures showed Thursday, but analysts warn the rebound may be short-lived.
The French economy, Europe's second-largest, hasn't recorded growth since the third quarter of last year and had been widely expected to start its slide into recession in the third quarter.
Instead, Insee, the national statistics agency, said GDP rose 0.2 percent in the July to September period from the previous quarter.
If the quarterly rate had been negative, then France would be in recession as the agency revised down figures for the second quarter to show a 0.1 percent contraction. It had previously said growth was stagnant, as it had been for the two preceding quarters. A recession is technically defined as two consecutive quarters of falling output.
Fixing France's economy amid a European-wide crisis is President Francois Hollande's biggest challenge. He has promised to rein in massive government spending and reduce the deficit, largely by raising taxes.
But those measures have weighed on growth, and the country has watched unemployment tick steadily up as a raft of companies announced layoffs in recent months. The jobless rate now stands at 10.8 percent, according to European statistics.
France's third-quarter bounce rested heavily on an increase in household spending, but economists warn that consumption is unlikely to hold up with such high unemployment.
"As confidence surveys continue to fall, Q4 should be much more difficult," analysts at BNP Paribas said.
Hollande has promised to restore the country's competitiveness by offering a tax break to companies that kicks in next year, but many are still waiting to see how he will reform the country's stringent labor rules. Those rules make firing difficult and thus make employers reluctant to hire, even once the economy starts growing.


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Welcome to Hell House. We're delighted you could come. We're also certain you will find your stay most illuminating. Think of Matt and Jason as your unseen servants, and believe that during your stay, you will be taken over by the spirit of 1973's The Legend of Hell House. May you find the answers that you seek amidst movie trivia, Matt's exciting gin adventure, creative wordsmithing, psychic nonsense, Jason's anglophilia, the mocking of '90s music subculture and a host of other restless souls. After the evil has subsided, join M&J for post-movie chat on recent DVDs watched. Will YOU be the only one to make it out alive and sane?
Hell House | The Haunting of Hill House | Ookie Cookie | Return to Hearst Castle | Richard Matheson | Burn Bitch Burn | Should Be Called "Spock's Beard" | Blenheim Palace | Wakehurst Place | Roddy McDowall | Beware The Beast Man | It's Cold Gin Time… Again | Roddy's Photo Books | Men, Meat and Fire | Michael Gough | Tam Lin


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National Theatre
500 W. Muhammad Ali Boulevard,
No one has favorited this theater yet
Opened at Fifth and Walnut Streets in 1913, this 2,800-seat showplace originally was a vaudeville house but later began to shows movies as well. The National Theatre was operated by Y & W Management Corp. by 1950. It lasted until 1952, when it was unfortunately bulldozed away for a parking lot.
Recent comments (view all 6 comments)
Now re-named W. Muhammad Ali Boulevard.
I'm looking for a Rapp and Rapp designed theatre in Louisville that was under construction in 1915. I have the following article from the Rockford Morning Star for Sunday, February 31, 1915 which states the following in an article heralding the opening of the Palace Theatre in Rockford, Illinois: (note the end)
"…Messrs. George and C. L. Rapp have specialized in theater designing and among their latest masterpieces at the New Oprheum in Champaign, the Orpheum in Quincy, the Columbia in Davenport, Ia., the New Palace in Fort Wayne, Ind., the Hippodrome in Chicago, the Ringling Theatre in Baraboo, Wis., and the Palace in Rockford. They also have theaters under construction in Louisville, Ky. and Grand Rapids, Mich."
I'm a Three Stooges Fan Club member, trying to confirm a personal appearance by the "3" Stooges (Moe Larry and Shemp), on a bill with Wee Bonnie Baker, the Barretts and Don Hooton, after an appearance by the A.B. Marcus Revue. The movie "Queen of Burlesque" was also shown. I have a display ad, but no dates (or town shown). Believe it was the Summer of 1946, and may have been Shemp's first appearance after Curly's strokes. The National was advertised as air cooled and showed a phone number of JA-7863.
Any help will be appreciated.
Thanks Frank Reighter
According to the records of the New York Terra Cotta Company, the National Theatre was designed by the architectural firm of Joseph & Joseph, with Albert Kahn associated. Joseph & Joseph, founded in 1908, is still in business.
A 1928 photo of the National Theatre appears on the Historic-Memphis.com website's Theatre page. Here's a link to the page.
National Theatre in Melbourne, Australia (built 1921 as The Victory)still stands and is remarkably similar. Website www.nationaltheatre.org.au
Just login to your account and subscribe to this theater


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Just when you thought you knew everything about the rumored 6G iPod and possible release dates, an anonymous Think Secret source starts messing with your head. Specifically, they're saying that an iPod update is coming—wait for it—tomorrow. And we're not just talking about a storage bump, either. Apparently, this update will be the wide one, namely the 6G iPod.
According to the "unproven source," the announcement of widescreen, touchscreen iPods is coming tomorrow, but the new iPods wouldn't ship until after the iPhone launches in June/July. It's a cool, and very titillating rumor, but I suspect that this particular source is about as reliable as the guy who sold me a Ziploc bag full of what turned out to be flour cut with Comet and mothballs. In particular, three things stick out about this latest rumor:
First, there's the claim itself: the launch is coming tomorrow because the touchscreen technology "has been finalized" for the iPhone, but they won't ship until after the iPhone so as not to lure buyers away. It's just different enough from what's been said to already be working, but I don't think it's very plausible. First of all, if users are already waiting for the iPhone in order to get their hands on widescreen/touchscreen technologies, so what's going to stop them from waiting another month to get the 6G iPod that they might really want? Entry into the mobile phone market is going to be a bit of a gamble for Apple, and it'll certainly be a determinant of future product directions, so I really can't see them doing anything to hurt the iPhone's chances of success by introducing another product so close to the iPhone. Waiting until the iPhone launches before announcing something new gives them time to see how the market reacts and refine the features of the iPod, a device they know will sell well.
Market dilution aside, there are the questions of timing and technology. I mean, what's so special about Tuesday, May 8? Sure, it's VE Day, but I doubt Apple would choose to celebrate that with an iPod launch. Even if the 6G iPod were to come out tomorrow, could Apple really pass up an opportunity for a special event? I doubt it. But even if they were having a surprise special event tomorrow, what would they announce along with the iPod? Contract negotiations are still underway, so there's probably not anything new related to the iTunes Store. Beyond that, there's not a whole lot going on (that we know of) as Apple gears up for the iPhone and Leopard launches.
In the end, there's no solid reason for revolutionary new iPods to launch tomorrow. Sure, the Zune might be getting upgraded, but I doubt Steve Jobs is losing sleep over Zune sales. Even if the touchscreen technology is perfected and finalized (which remains to be seen), releasing it "because it's done" isn't really something that typically comes out of Apple's playbook, especially if it would interfere with flagship products. The 5.5G iPods are getting a bit long in the tooth, but without any significant iPod competition, the iPhone will probably tide users over until 6G iPods are released.
I need a new iPod, so part of me is hoping Think Secret is right. But the skeptic in me just can't see 6G iPods coming tomorrow. Most other sources suggest that we'll see the 6G in late 2007, and so far, no one has seen anything credible to contradict them. What I'm personally predicting are some storage or firmware bumps for tomorrow. Those are hardly as revolutionary as the 6G iPod will be, though, and certainly won't receive the same fanfare that I think the 6G iPod will when it launches... in the second half of 2007.


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Charlie Frank, of Wyndmoor, who is majoring in biochemistry at Colby College in Maine, was one of 48 Colby students to be inducted into Phi Beta Kappa. Membership in the society is one of the highest academic honors an undergraduate student can achieve.
Frank graduated cum laude from Chestnut Hill Academy in 2009.
"Studying biochemistry is fascinating because each day I learn that there will always be more to learn," Frank said. "Yet, I have gained a basic understanding of how our bodies work at a molecular level, and I know that this preparation will serve me well in my medical career."
After graduating from Colby in May, he plans to earn a medical degree from Emory University School of Medicine. Frank said he initially planned to major in biology and engineering at Colby, but after taking a chemistry course as a freshmen, he decided to change his major.
"This passion for chemistry was heightened by my energetic and enthusiastic organic chemistry professor Das Thamatoor, who brought energy, passion and a love of teaching to the classroom everyday, and my biochemistry professor Julie Millard, who challenged me more than any professor ever had, and ensured that I always rose to the occasion."
Frank said that as a student at CH, he had the "opportunity to engage in numerous advanced science courses" that prepared him for the "rigorous course load" at college. He added that he was captain of the robotics program in his senior year, where he placed third in the world.
"This program is what really built my passion for science and critical thinking," Frank said.
In addition to winning several awards at CHA, Frank won the Sophomore Chemistry Award at Colby. He credits his parents and teachers for encouraging him and supporting his endeavors.
He said that while there have been many influential people in his life, his grandfather, Armin Frank, and father, Jonathan Frank, have always taught him the "value of hard work, dedication, integrity and passion."
"They have given me the guiding principles by which I live my life," Frank said.
He added that his next-door neighbor and mentor Dr. James Studdiford helped to inspire his "passion for medicine." From patching up his injuries as a kid to encouraging his love of science, Frank said Studdiford "has been a true role model."
"He is exactly what you think of when you think of a stellar physician and compassionate person," Frank said.
Recently, Frank spent two summers doing research at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Later, several of his findings were published in various medical journals.
Despite his rigorous course load, he still finds time to share his knowledge and compassion. Since high school, he has worked as a volunteer firefighter at the Wyndmoor Hose Company No. 1 and has also worked as an EMT for Cheltenham Township. Currently, he volunteers as an EMT for Colby Emergency Response, where he now serves as the chief.


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This popular style combines the trim profile of our Slim Billfold with the convenience of an ID window. Precisely crafted in Sport Calf Leather with a vintage look and a great hand, it has a comprehensively organized interior with hand-aligned pockets, each one finished with a hand-turned edge for extra durability.
- Sport calf leather
- Three credit card slots
- Full-length bill compartment
- ID window
- 4" (L) x 3" (H) x 1/2" (W)


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BALTIMORE – UMBC softball's senior first baseman Chelsea Bertoglio (Laguna Hills, Calif./Laguna Hills/Saddleback College) had a career-day for the Retrievers, launching three home runs, including a grand slam in game two, to help the black and gold to a pair of victories against Rhode Island on Tuesday afternoon at the UMBC Softball Stadium. Bertoglio and freshman pitcher Kelly Lane (Albany, N.Y./Colonie Central) each received conference weekly honors on the day.
In their home opener, the Retrievers defeated the Rams in six innings, 9-1, in game one, thanks in large part to a five-run fifth inning. UMBC used a shutout from the America East Rookie of the Week Lane and a grand slam from Bertoglio in game two, en route to a 6-0 victory.
Bertoglio, the America East Player of the Week, finished the day four-for-six from the plate with seven RBI, while sophomore Bridget O'Malley (Brooklyn, Md./Seton Keough) posted a .857 on-base percentage with two hits and four walks.
The Retrievers improve to 14-4 on the year, their best start since the 2006 season, while Rhode Island falls to 1-10 on the season.
Both teams stranded a pair of runners on base in the opening inning of game one, as the Rams left runners on second and third and the Retrievers stranded runners on first and second to keep the game scoreless after one.
Rhode Island got on the board first, taking advantage of a pair of errors in the top of the fourth inning to take a 1-0 lead, but the Retrievers were able to recover, putting two runners on with two outs in the fifth for junior catcher Taylor Hall (Cosby, Va./). Hall took advantage, connecting on a single into right center field to score sophomore Danielle O'Neill (Lothian, Md./Southern) and O'Malley, who each walked to get on base. Bertoglio followed by drilling her third home run of the year, a two-run shot over the left field fence. UMBC added one more run in the frame on a single from Lane to extend its lead to 5-1, forcing the departure of starting pitcher Sam Bedore, who would take the loss after allowing five runs on five hits.
The Retrievers' offense continued to be effective against reliever Cassie Baker, as a pair of walks and a single loaded the bases. An illegal pitch scored UMBC's first run of the inning and the Retrievers' freshmen Kaelin Jackson (Export, Pa./Franklin Regional) and Jaclyn Buckley (Voorhees, N.J./Easter Camden Regional) each drove in a run with singles. A sacrifice fly to right field from sophomore Mary Hartman (Eldersburg, Md./Century) ended the contest with two outs in the bottom of the sixth.
The Retrievers finished game one with eight hits and nine walks. Freshman pitcher Jessica Holte (Ashland, Va./Atlee) improves to 9-0 on the year, tying for 10th with three former Retrievers for the highest win total for a UMBC rookie in program history. Holte did not allow an earned run or a walk in the contest.
Lane ran into early problems in game two, hitting a pair of batters and surrendering a single to right field to load the bases for designated player Deanna Wolf. Lane was able to escape the jam untouched, getting Wolf to line out to third and short stop Jenna Cubello to fly out to center to end the inning.
UMBC used a double play, throwing a pair of runners out at the plate on a bunt, to keep the game scoreless heading into the bottom of the second inning. Bertoglio and the Retrievers struck in the bottom half of the frame, with Bertoglio launching her second home run of the day, this one over the fence in center field, to take the 1-0 lead.
A single from O'Malley in the bottom of the third inning gave UMBC a two-run advantage, 2-0, scoring senior right fielder Caitlin Chance (Easton, Md./Easton) from second.
UMBC tacked on four runs in the fifth behind Bertoglio's grand slam. O'Neill opened the frame with a single through the left side of the infield and O'Malley and junior Kathleen Sharp (Toms River, N.J./Toms River) each added infield singles to load the bases for Bertoglio's blast into left center.
Lane allowed three hits in the shutout and improves to 3-3 on the year, while URI's Caitlin Kennedy takes the loss after surrendering six runs on seven hits.
UMBC hits the road on Wednesday, March 12 when it travels to Towson for a 2:30 p.m. matchup against the Tigers.


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Genesea is a private enclave hosting a handful of luxurious estates near the ocean. This small community is nestled on the barrier island in Vero Beach, offering the utmost in privacy and exclusivity.
Real Estate: Luxury real estate in Genesea is comprised of magnificent mansions on spacious lots. The lush street of Genesea Lane is lined with tropical foliage and emits a feeling of resort-style seclusion. Genesea estate properties boast impressive square footage, state-of-the-art features and plenty of land. Furthermore, several properties in Genesea are just steps from the ocean.
Lifestyle: Genesea residents enjoy the exclusivity of this oceanside community, where they may access the Atlantic Ocean in a matter of minutes. They also take comfort in knowing that several yacht clubs, parks, restaurants, gardens and country clubs are located near Genesea. They may enjoy the privacy and luxury of their tucked-away neighborhood or easily venture into Vero Beach for a myriad of shopping and dining options.
Education: Families in Genesea are located near several wonderful public schools, including Beachland Elementary School, Gifford Middle School and Vero Beach High School. Nearby private schools include Saint Edward's School and Tabernacle Christian School.
Water Access: Genesea's location along the barrier island of Vero Beach means residents may access the Atlantic just steps from their estates. Several intracoastal coves exist on the west side of the island, making this a desirable community for yachters, boaters and watersports enthusiasts.


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New York City is never the same for more than a moment. Every day, new attractions spring up alongside enduring landmarks in this evolving hub of culture, shopping, dining, entertainment and history. You could visit hundreds of times and never see, eat or experience the same thing twice.
The City is made up of five boroughs—the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island—each with its own claims to fame. Within every borough, dozens of neighborhood enclaves abound with local flavor and unearthed gems. But many of New York City's most memorable experiences are off the beaten path.
Exploring it all could take a lifetime. Planning a trip doesn't have to.
Get started with Utrip's custom filters.


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Spring Is Here! So Is Seattle's HopScotch Festival
This year will mark our third year attending HopScotch- a beer and scotch festival at Fremont Studios in Seattle. Although I do not go for the scotch (or tequila), the vibe is always great, the beers are flowing and you are guaranteed to have a good time. What more could you ask for?
Oh you want some information? Below are some festival facts from the HopScotch official website:
Hop Scotch Spring Beer & Scotch Festival is a premier beer, Scotch, wine and spirit tasting experience benefiting the Seattle International Film Festival (SIFF). On April 1 and 2, Fremont Studios transforms into a swanky beverage tasting lounge featuring over 80 libations to swirl, sniff and sip.
Entrance includes tokens to sample beer and wine. For an expanded tasting experience, optional spirit samplers of Scotch or tequila may be purchased as well as an hour-long Scotch Seminar with the Master of Whisky. Develop your sense of taste at the stylish indoor setting of Fremont Studios on April 1st and 2nd, 2011 at Hop Scotch Spring Beer and Scotch Festival.
Hop Scotch is a benefit for the Seattle International Film Festival (SIFF). SIFF's mission is to create experiences that bring people together to discover extraordinary films from around the world. It is through the art of cinema that we foster a community that is more informed, awake and alive.
Hours are Friday, April 1 from 5PM-12AM and Saturday, April 2 from 1PM-12AM. Admission is as follows:
- $30 General Admission: Admission, 5 oz. commemorative tasting glass and five beer/wine tasting tokens. $25 in Advance
- $35 Grand Admission: Admission, 5 oz. commemorative tasting glass and ten beer/wine tasting tokens. $30 in Advance
- $15 Non-Tasting Admission: Admission and four tickets good for water or soda redeemable at the Hop Stop booth. Available at the door and online in Advance
Most importantly what breweries will be there- I have bolded and starred the ones to go for.
#1 Heineken | Lager
A horizontal fermentation process results in unsurpassed clarity and brightness, and makes Heineken's characteristic taste as good on draught as it is in a bottle. The smooth, full-bodied lager has a complexity that balances between fruity notes and a distinctive bitter taste.
#2 Heineken Light | Lager
Heineken Light is a light-tasting, refreshing beer that maintains the subtle cues of the original Heineken signature flavor. With only 99 calories and 6.8 grams of carbohydrates per bottle, it represents the perfect opportunity to up-sell to domestic light beer drinkers.
#3 Dos Equis Lager | Lager
Dos Equis Lager is a crisp, golden, and refreshing beer. It is brewed with pure malt, hops, and water to deliver a unique taste with a dramatic, bracing quality.
#4 Newcastle Brown Ale | Brown Ale
Golden brown in color, with rich, full-bodied flavor, Newcastle is a dark beer unlike any other: an unparalleled combination of character and drinkability.
21st Amendment Brewery
At the 21st Amendment, they celebrate the culture of the great breweries of old, making unique, hand crafted beers, great food, and providing a comfortable, welcoming atmosphere that invites conversation, interaction and a sense of community.
#1 Back in Black | Black IPA
Brewed like an American IPA but with the addition of rich, dark malts, this beer has all the flavor and hop character you expect with a smooth, mellow finish.
#2 Bitter American | Pale Ale
Our extra Pale Ale has lower alcohol but all the flavor and hop aroma you expect from a much bigger beer.
Alaskan Brewing Co.
Alaska has a rich history of brewing. From the explorers of the 1700s through the Gold Rush, many a thirsty Alaskan has been able to enjoy locally made beers. In 1986, 28-year-olds Marcy and Geoff Larson reignited that tradition when they opened the Alaskan Brewing Company, the 67th brewery in the country and the first brewery in Juneau since Prohibition. Alaskan beers reflect many of the same characteristics of beers that were brewed here during the gold rush era. From the historically based Alaskan Amber recipe to alder-smoked malts and Sitka spruce tips, Alaskan beers reflect Juneau's local brewing history and innovation.
#1 Alaskan Summer Ale | Other Ale
Alaskan Summer Ale is a Kolsch style ale that balances a softly malted palate with the clean freshness of hops. In the tradition of the style, neither overpowers the other. Both hops and malt come together to refresh and renew the palate. The straw-gold color and easy drinkability are an enjoyable way to celebrate summer.
#2 Alaskan Imperial IPA | IPA
Rich in color and full in flavor, Alaskan Imperial IPA is Packed with Northwest hops over a sturdy malt body. The Latest from our "Pilot Series" is brewed in small batches.
BridgePort Brewing Co
Oregon's oldest Craft Brewery. BridgePort means: "Bridges of Portland."
#1 BridgePort KingPin | Double Red Ale
Triple hopped, Double Red Ale that has the unique flavor of rye malt.
#2 BridgePort Café Negro | Coffee Infused Porter***
The perfect blend of Porter with a bold flavor of roasted coffee. Rich and creamy.
Crispin Cider
All natural hard apple cider. Made from fresh pressed Northwest fruit, not concentrate.
#1 Crispin Cider
A classically styled, but untraditional hard apple cider. Fruit forward, with a fresh, crunchy appley nose and a deliciously creamy, refreshingly crisp mouth feel. Gluten Free. Where to Buy: Whole Foods, QFC, Marketime Foods
#2 Fox Barrel Pear Cider
This delicately balanced cider is like biting into a ripe pear. The hand crafted subtlety of this 100% natural beverage pays homage to finer French ciders. Our remarkably versatile Pear Cider is consistently awarded gold medals at national and regional competitions. Gluten Free. Where to Buy: Fred Meyer
Deschutes Brewery
Deschutes Brewery, located in Central Oregon along the banks of the wild and scenic Deschutes River, has brewed a family of handcrafted ales since 1988. Starting out as a small brewpub in the heart of downtown Bend, Deschutes' first beers were Black Butte Porter, Bachelor Bitter and Cascade Golden Ale.
#1 Red Chair Northwest Pale Ale | Pale Ale
Red Chair NWPA is named after the oldest operating lift at Mt. Bachelor here in Central Oregon. As a debut Northwest Pale Ale, it's an adventure all its own. It has a plush body with satiny caramel flavors derived from seven varieties of malt. Yet, despite it all, it remains a hop-forward ale with that distinctive citrusy punch. Just minus any mouth-puckering bitterness. Where to Buy: Grocery Stores that Sell Craft Beer
#2 Hop Henge Experimental IPA | IPA***
Several pounds of Centennial & Cascade hops are in each barrel with a heavy dry-hop presence to top it off. A blend of crystal, pale and carastan malts creates an overall biscuity characteristic that is dense and muscular, building the alcohol base to support the monstrous hop profile. Where to Buy: Pubs and Grocery Stores that Sell 22 oz. Bottles
Diamond Knot Brewing Co.
Since our humble beginnings in 1994, Diamond Knot has seen huge growth thanks to our loyal fans. We're known for our Northwest-style IPA's, but we also produce everything from a light Blonde Ale to a Dry Irish-style Stout. We currently offer four retail locations, three in Mukilteo and one on Camano Island, for patrons to enjoy fine food and our handcrafted ales.
#1 Diamond Knot India Pale Ale | India Pale Ale***
Copper-colored with a malty character up front. Intensely bitter with hints of grapefruit and cedar imparted by heavy-handed additions of Galena and Columbus hops. Where to Buy: Pubs and Groceries Throughout the Puget Sound
#2 Slane's Irish-Style Red Ale | Irish-Style Red
A sweet, caramelly aroma gives way to a distinct malty flavor and a smooth, creamy finish that will leave you thirsty for more! Where to Buy: Pubs and Groceries Throughout the Puget Sound
Firestone Walker Brewing Company
At Firestone Walker Brewing Co. we integrate traditional brewing discipline, a fascination with wooden barrels and a passion for the craft to create some of the most awarded pale ales in the world. We believe our commitment to balanced and unique beers has helped fuel the revolution in taste that is sweeping across America.
#1 Double Barrel Ale | Pale Ale
We've honored the traditions of the great British Pale brewers of Burton-on-Trent using our patented Firestone Union oak barrels. You're left with a mild blend of vanilla and toasted oak flavor touched with an elegant hint of English noble hops. DBA is the flagship of our company and wildly popular. Where to Buy: Whole Foods
#2 Union Jack | IPA***
Union Jack is the recipient of numerous awards including back to back wins at the Great American Beer Festival. Bold citrus and pineapple aromas meet savory malt flavors resulting in a truly balanced effort. A beer true to its origins; deeply hopped and bolstered for a long voyage. Where to Buy: Whole Foods and Local Liquor Stores
Flyers Restaurant and Brewery
Full Restaurant and Bar. The restaurant features a fresh menu with everything from soups, salads, burgers and sandwiches to steaks and seafood. The bar has 14 taps with several rotating guest beers to compliment Flyers' house brews and a full bar with premium spirits and cocktails. There are over 100 seats available with both inside and outside seating.
#1 Pacemaker Porter | Porter
Robust Porter in style, this dark, full bodied ale has notes of roasted barley, coffee and bitter sweet chocolate. Fast becoming Flyers' flagship beer. Where to Buy: On Tap and in Bottles in WA, OR and ID.
#2 Afterburner IPA | IPA
A hop lover's delight! Our I.P.A. is loaded from start to finish with five hop additions and balanced by English and German malts. Where to Buy: On Tap and in Bottles in WA, OR and ID
Fremont Brewing Company
We are a small, family-owned microbrewery founded in 2008 to brew small-batch artisan beers made with the best local ingredients we can find. We use barley from the Okanogan Valley in British Columbia, hops from a 4th generation hop-growing family in the Yakima Valley and water from the Cedar River Watershed in the Cascade Mountains. Located in the historic Fremont neighborhood of Seattle, you can drink our beer at our Urban Beer Garden, on draft at many fine bars and restaurants in the area — or pick up a keg or growler to go.
#1 Universale Pale Ale | Pale Ale***
Fremont is the self-proclaimed "Center of the Universe" and Universale, our flagship product, honors the namesake of our unique location. Universale Pale Ale offers a distinctive Northwest twist on the classic pale ale, using a select blend of Gambrinus pale roasted malt and Old World malts balanced with classic Northwest hops to achieve a heavenly beer of rich malt flavor and subtle hop spice. This is beer. Enjoy. Where to Buy: Brewery, Seattle, Spokane, Bellingham, Tacoma
#2 Interurban IPA | IPA***
Named after Fremont's most famous outdoor sculpture, Waiting for the Interurban, Interurban India Pale Ale offers the adventurous beer lover a warm embrace of Gambrinus roasted pale malt swirled with a hand-selected blend of flavor malts and filled with the rich spice of Chinook, Centennial and Cascade hops. Interurban India Pale is a session beer, eminently drinkable throughout the year. Where to Buy: Brewery, Seattle, Spokane, Bellingham, Tacoma
Georgetown Brewing Co.
Founded by Manny Chao and Roger Bialous in September 2002, Georgetown Brewing Co. is located in south Seattle's historic Georgetown neighborhood. We are a true, local craft brewery, with all of our ingredients coming from the Northwest.
#1 Manny's Pale Ale | Pale Ale
A careful selection of Northwest hops, premium barley, and our unique yeast give this ale a rich and complex malty middle with a snappy hop finish. It's truly a micro that finishes crisp, clean, and smooth. Where to Buy: On Draught at Local Pubs
#2 Lucille IPA | IPA***
Columbus, Centennial, Amarillo and Cascade hops. Floral, citrusy and awesome. Anything so innocent and built like that just gotta be named Lucille. Where to Buy: On Draught at Local Pubs
Kona Brewing Co.
In 1994, Kona Brewing Co. became the first craft brewery to take root on Hawaii (the Big Island). Since then, Kona Brewing Company has been committed to making handcrafted ales and lagers of uncompromised quality.
#1 Longboard Lager | Island Style Lager
Longboard Lager is a beer originally introduced by Kona Brewing Company in Hawaii. It is a crisp and moderately hopped pale lager, with an exceptionally smooth after flavor. Longboard takes over four weeks to ferment and cold condition, more than twice the time of Kona's ales.
#2 Koko Brown | Brown Ale
Is there anything more iconic of the lush tropics than the coconut? The delicious heart of this island treasure has a nutty, toffee flavor and aroma that sends you straight to the beaches of Paradise. Kick back with a Koko brewed with real toasted coconut and savor the mahogany color and smooth, roasty malt taste.
Lagunitas Brewing Company
From our earliest days of striving to make consistently good beer, and instead making beer that ranged from vile, to barely drinkable, to wonderful, to elegant, to questionable-at-best. From being castigated by our West Marin neighbors to finally suffering an 'eviction' by our West Marin septic system. From landing in the welcoming arms of Petaluma, and actually getting our beer into bottles, onto the streets, and into the hands of sympathatic beer geeks, to steadily losing less money each month. From all this and more, Lagunitas Brewing Company is emerging as a battle-tested brewery capable of making great beer out of goat's milk, brambles, and asphalt on the surface of the Moon, if need be.
#1 Little Sumpin Wild | Other Ale****
Another Big Sister of the Little Sumpin' Sumpin' Ale…. Loads of Malted Wheat for a Curious Malt Foundation and a Light Color, But Our Belgian Yeast Leaves a Huge Flavor and Complexishness. Where to Buy: Your Friendly Neighborhood Grocery Stores
#2 Brown Shugga | Other Ale
How Come you Taste So Good?? Boatloads of Pure Brown Sugar in Each Batch, That's How! The Rich, Roasty and Mysteriously Drinkable Ale might best be described as… Irresponsible. It Leaves a Lot of Stories in it's Wake. Where to Buy: Your Friendly Neighborhood Grocery Stores
Lazy Boy Brewing
Lazy Boy is a small family owned brewery. We pride ourselves in using the freshest ingredients to create delicious products.
#1 Lazy Boy Bavarian Hef | Hefeweizen
German style hef that boasts the traditional flavors of banana and clove. Refreshing and delicious. Where to Buy: Local QFCs and Markets
#2 Lazy Boy Dry Hop IPA | IPA***
This is new for us and has been well recieved. IPA infused with aromatics from dried oranges and corriander. A wonderful blend of hops and citrus. yum yum. Where to Buy: At the Brewery
Mac and Jack's Brewery
We are a draft only brewery located in Redmond Washington.
#1 Two Tun IPA | IPA
Mac & Jack's IPA is a refreshing, smooth, & balanced India Pale Ale. Using a variety of specialty malts and plenty of locally grown Yakima valley hops, we have created an IPA that has great hop flavor without being bitter. Pale roasted malts give our IPA a deep golden hue, and solid malt backbone, which nicely compliments its crisp hop finish. Copious quantities of hops are added very late in the boil giving the beer its floral aroma and hop forward character. Where to Buy: Bars & Restaurants
#2 Serengeti Wheat | Hefeweizen
A crisp, refreshing American style Hefeweizen that is brewed with the best ingredients the Northwest has to offer. We use 50% locally sourced two-row pale malt and 50% locally grown northwest malted wheat well above the required 30% wheat additions to be called a wheat beer. This Northwest style Hefeweizen is unfiltered for a "cloudy" appearance and brewed with plenty of Yakima valley hops yielding a wonderful citrus finish, delicious with or without a lemon garnish. Where to Buy: Bars & Restaurants
Mad River Brewing Company
Mad River Brewing Company is located in the beautiful small town of Blue Lake, California in the heart of Humboldt County. Now in our third decade we continue our commitment to producing award winning fine ales combining the most traditional brewing methods with an environmentally sound approach.
#1 Steelhead Double IPA | IPA
Malty, hoppy and strong, Double IPA is dry hopped with Amarillo hops for a fresh piney and citrus flavor and aroma. Aggressive, but perfectly balanced.
#2 Jamaica Red Ale | Amber
Our legendary red ale. This mahogany hued ale brings an intense spectrum of spicy aromatic hop character balanced by a full-bodied caramel richness.
New Belgium Brewing
Employee owned and 100% alternatively powered, New Belgium Brewing was started in the Basement of Jeff Lebesch and Kim Jordan back in 1991. Fast forward a few decades and now New Belgium brews are sold in 26 states and are about to celebrate it's 20th anniversary.
#1 Ranger IPA | IPA***
This clear amber beauty bursts at the starting gate with an abundance of hops: Cascade (citrus), Chinook (floral/citrus), and Simcoe (fruity) lead off the beer, with Cascade added again for an intense dry hop flavor. Brewed with pale and dark caramel malts that harmonize the hop flavor from start to finish, Ranger is a sessionable splendor for all you hopinistas. Where to Buy: Major Chain Stores and Bottle Shops
#2 1554 Brussels Style Black Lager | Other Lager
1554 Enlightened Black Lager uses a light lager yeast strain and dark chocolaty malts to redefine what dark beer can be. In 1997, a Fort Collins flood destroyed the original recipe our researcher, Phil Benstein, found in the library. So Phil and brew master, Peter Bouckaert, traveled to Belgium to retrieve this unique style lost to the ages. Their first challenge was deciphering antiquated script and outdated units of measurement, but trial and error (and many months of in-house sampling) culminated in 1554, a highly quaffable dark beer with a moderate body and mouthfeel.
#1 Mac's Amber | Amber
One taste of Macs and you'll taste the tradition of a true Portland Original. Since the beginning of the craft beer revolution, MacTarnahan's has been producing bold and flavorful brews . MacTarnahan's is a deep copper-hued Amber Ale balanced with fresh Cascade hops from the great Northwest. Distinct, Bold and Original It's hard to beat a Mac. It is damn good beer! Where to Buy: Everywhere
#2 Sling Shot | Pale Ale
You always know better, but sometimes you just don't care. Mischief is just creativity stretching its legs. Sling Shot is a seasonal Extra Pale Ale for the spring with rich golden color. Its lively hopped flavor makes for a mischievously good and refreshing ale that "hits the spot!"
Ninkasi Brewing Co.
Oregon's Ninkasi is one the nation's fastest-growing breweries, thanks in large part to an unsubtly named beer (Ninkasi was the ancient Sumerian goddess of brewing)-Total Domination, a potent, aggressive IPA with pungent hops and flavors of citrus rind and carmel.
#1 Total Domination | IPA***
Multiple hops collide in balanced perfection, dominating the senses, achieving total satisfaction. Where to Buy: On Draught and in 22 oz. Bottles
#2 Spring Reign | Pale Ale
Notes of toasted malt up front, with a bright and crisp Northwest hop finish, it's a session beer that everyone can enjoy! Where to Buy: On Draught and in 22 oz. Bottles
Pyramid Breweries
The Seattle Alehouse, our original location, offers a world of extraordinary tastes waiting to be explored on draft including our year-round beers, rotating seasonals, as well as a few unique Pyramid offerings you won't find anywhere else. Enjoy a pint, explore a Pyramid Sampler, or order a growler of brewery fresh beer to go. Pair your brew with a tasty selection off of our full menu of classic brew house cuisine.
#1 Live Wire | Hefeweizen
The first in the Series, Live Wire, is a bountiful Imperial Hefeweizen that takes Pyramid's gold medal Haywire® Hefeweizen to impressive new heights. The gratifying result delivers a rich and full-bodied wheat character, robust hop balance, and punched-up alcohol content. Where to Buy: Pyramid Ale House and Local Restaurants, Bars and Stores
#2 Curve Ball | Blonde or Golden
Our deceptively drinkable golden summer seasonal is a crisp, clean-tasting, cold lagered ale. This frosty thirst quencher is the perfect accompaniment to summer adventures. Where to Buy: Everywhere
Redhook Ale Brewery
Redhook has been brewing quality beers for 30 years! From its humble origins in Seattle's Ballard & Fremont neighborhoods to a state-of-the-art brewery in Washington, Redhook continues to deliver outstanding craft beers to consumers. In July 1994, Redhook completed its Woodinville WA brewery, just 20 miles east of Seattle. The beautiful facility features expansive grounds and the Forecasters Public House, where you can sample all of the Redhook brews and pub-style meals. Forecasters Pub is open daily please see our website for detailed hours.
#1 Redhook Pilsner | Pilsner
May not look it but has a dark side. Redhook Pilsner is brewed in a traditional Czech style. It offers a very soft palate and malt flavors that are offset by a medium dose of distinct Czech hops to bring out its authentic flavors. Available year round beginning March 21, 2011.
#2 Redhook Wit | Other Ale
Made with ginger but still has his place in his heart for Mary Ann. Redhook Wit is a twist on the traditional Belgian brew. A balanced mixture of spices, orange peel, coriander and ginger give this wheat beer a smooth yet distinct flavor. It is brewed with Kolsch yeast, and we decided to steep the spices in the whirlpool for 15 mins just prior to cooling and fermentation; similar to a finishing hop addition. As with cooking, this method keeps the spice flavors and aromas intact, and soft/subtle.
Samuel Adams
The Boston Beer Company began in 1984 with a generations-old family recipe that Founder and Brewer Jim Koch uncovered in his father's attic. After bringing the recipe to life in his kitchen, Jim brought it to bars with the belief that drinkers would appreciate a complex, full-flavored beer, brewed fresh in America. That beer was Samuel Adams Boston Lager®. Today, the Company brews more than 21 styles of beer. The Company uses the traditional four vessel brewing process and often takes extra steps like dry-hopping and a secondary fermentation known as krausening.
#1 Samuel Adams Wee Heavy | Wee Heavy
Was inspired by both traditional Scotch ales and Scotch whiskies, for a combination of deep roasted flavor and earthy smoke character. Traditional Scottish ales vary in intensity with the strong ales known as Scotch Ale or "Wee Heavy". To create our own version of the style we added peat smoked malt to bring the unique flavor of Scotland to this complex and satisfying brew.
#2 Samuel Adams Rustic Saison | Saison
An incredibly complex yet refreshing beer in the classic style of Belgian farmhouse ales, traditionally brewed to quench the thirst of farmers throughout the summer months. The unique character of our brew comes from its Belgian yeast that imparts floral, fruity, and estery flavors. These flavors are layered with slightly sweet herbal notes and a citrusy hop character for a bright and satisfying summer brew.
Seattle Weekly
#1 Seattle Weekly Voracious Brew | Imperial Red Ale
Brewed by Lazy Boy Brewing, the Voracious Brew is an Imperial Red made exclusively for the fine people at the Seattle Weekly. Lazy Boy has used four different kinds of malts to brew this bodacious beer. The hop flavors are a combination of Palisades and Magnum in the dry hopping stage. This 8.2% beverage is powerful yet remarkably smooth to drink. Enjoy!
Sierra Nevada Brewing Co.
Founded in 1980, Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. is one of America's first craft breweries and is highly regarded for their use of only whole-cone hops, and for the spirit of quality, and craftsmanship in everything they do. This pioneering spirit continues though their decades of innovation in the brewhouse, and through advances in environmental sustainability. Sierra Nevada sets the standard for artisan brewers worldwide with their broad line of beers including their iconic flagship Pale Ale.
#1 Pale Ale | Pale Ale
Inspired by the Sierra Nevada mountains, we created a unique beer highlighting the bold flavors and piney-citrus aromas of whole cone hops. Today, our all natural, bottle conditioned Pale Ale is recognized worldwide as a classic. Where to Buy: Just About Anywhere Beer is Sold
#2 Summerfest | Other Lager
Summerfest is a Pilsner-style lager brewed for your enjoyment on a warm summer days-featuring a slight malt sweetness, delicate spicy and floral hop flavor, and a crisp, refreshing finish. Where to Buy: Just About Anywhere Seasonal Beer is Sold
Silver City Brewery
Silver City Restaurant & Brewery is the Kitsap Peninsula's premier destination for award-winning, handcrafted beers, outstanding food, excellent customer service, and great memories in a fun, friendly environment. Silver City was started in 1996 by Co-owners Steve & Scott Houmes, and it remains a locally owned and operated family establishment. Silver City Brewery's award-winning, handcrafted beers are available at more than 350 Puget Sound area bars, restaurants, and grocery stores throughout Kitsap, Jefferson, King, and Pierce counties.
#1 Whoop Pass Double IPA | IPA***
Without a doubt the boldest and hoppiest mother of a brew Silver City has ever created. More than 50 lbs. of Washington State Columbus and Cascade hops are infused, injected or otherwise inflicted upon a single 15 barrel batch. Welcome to hop country! Where to Buy: Whole Foods
#2 Fat Woody Scotch Ale | Other Ale***
What happens when Silver City brewers take a world class beer like Fat Scotch Ale and age it for over a month on American white oak? A completely unique and wonderful beer emerges. The slight peaty, intensely malty scotch ale and the complex vanilla character of the oak meld over time to create an exceptional beer.
Snoqualmie Falls Brewing
Proudly making fine, hand crafted ales in Washington since 1997.
#1 Wildcat IPA | IPA
The balanced hop monster! This is one IPA with enough malt backbone to stand up to its 77 IBU's from 100% Columbus hops. Where to Buy: Select Grocery Outlets
#2 Triskaidekaphobia | Other Ale
There is no need to be afraid of the number 13, we have actually created this Belgian style tripel in celebration of our 13th anniversary. Triskaidekaphobia is a great balance of crisp clean malt, lemony hops and spice. Unfiltered but clear to the eye, Trisky is made from 100% German pilsner malt, Belgian candy sugar, 100% Czech Saaz hops and Belgian ale yeast. Where to Buy: Select Grocery Stores in the Seattle Area
Stone Brewing Co.
#1 Arrogant Bastard Ale | Other Ale
This is an aggressive beer. You probably won't like it. It is quite doubtful that you have the taste or sophistication to appreciate an ale of this quality and depth. Where to Buy: Most Stores
#2 Stone IPA | IPA***
An "India Pale Ale" by definition is highly hopped and high in alcohol – you'll find our Stone India Pale Ale to be true to style with a huge hop aroma, flavor and bitterness throughout. If you're a hop-head like us, then you'll love our Stone India Pale Ale! Medium malt character with a heavy dose of over the top hops! Generous "dry hopping" gives this beer its abundant hop aroma and crisp hop flavor. Where to Buy: Everywhere
Trade Route Brewing
Trade Route Brewing was established in 2007 to explore the beer frontier. Their taproom in Pacific, WA pours beer for the adventurous made with a bounty of ingredients from around the world.
#1 Joker Ale | Pacific Northwest Amber
This bold amber is hoppy and unfiltered in the classic Pacific Northwest Style. We combine premium pale and crystal malts to form a pleasant malty base, then add enough Cascade and Centennial hops to create a balanced beer with a citrusy hop finish. This beer is easy to enjoy by itself and pairs well with most foods. Where to Buy: On Draught in Washington
#2 Mango Weizen | Wheat Beer***
A refreshing beer with the subtle aroma and flavor of mangos. We use 50% wheat malt in the brew, along with premium barley and a touch of Saaz hops. Fresh mango puree is added after fermentation to create a beverage great when enjoyed by itself or paired with your favorite barbecue. Where to Buy: On Draught and in 22 oz. Bottles in Washington
Widmer Brothers Brewing
"I quit!" In 1984, brothers Kurt and Rob Widmer, in the midst of dual quarter-life crises, decided to quit their jobs, follow their dreams and devote themselves to their true passion—brewing beer full-time. To this day, that rebellious spirit and love for all things beer define Widmer Brothers Brewing. Prost! to doing what you love.
Named for the experimental hop that came to be known as Citra, this aromatic IPA balances perfect proportions of big fruit and citrus flavor with hints of peppery spice, caramel malt sweetness and a bitter, but smooth finish. It's one experiment that bears repeating. Often
#2 W'11 Russian Imperial Stout | Stout***
An extremely rich and complex beer with tremendous body and mouthfeel. Spicy hop aromas are apparent. As well as Chocolate and Coffee aromas. The generous use of roasted barley and other specialty malts, such as Midnight Wheat result in a deep opaque black beer and thick brown beer foam. Well hidden in this complex beer is nice layer of alcohol.
It is a blast every year. Expect some solid IPAs at this event. Enjoy! Cheers!
Trade Route Brewing Co.: 3 of 52
3 of 52
1091 Valentine Avenue Southeast
Pacific, WA 98047
Rank: #2 of 3
Type of Establishment: Brew Pub/Brewery with Taproom , snacks available
BEERS ON TAP (at time of visit) —>
Chieftan Amber Ale
Jet Stream Lager
Ginger Pale Ale
Mango Weizen
Midnight Ale
Knuckle Dragger IPA
FOOD OPTIONS: Hot Dogs, bag of chips, the end.
STAFF OPINION: Bubbly, knowledgeable, social, all around good.
Approximately 30 miles south of the Beer Blotter Headquarters, in Pacific, WA, lies an establishment that its members had never before set foot in. This day, we changed that.
About 4 or 5 months ago I remember thinking to myself, "Why on Earth is Trade Route moving from south Seattle to the middle of nowhere?" I'm sure many of you thought the same thing when you heard about the move. Well, no better way to answer ones own questions than to visit the place.
I expected to walk into a very industrial, uncomfortable room with a small bar overshadowed by brewing and bottling equipment. I also expected to hear crickets; after all, we are in a warehouse in the middle of nowhere. Boy was I wrong. As it turns out this place is almost more bar than brewery. There is ample seating, and my Friday (late afternoon) arrival saw nearly every seat occupied. I was stunned. Seemingly every "of age" citizen in Pacific was in attendance. Tables were full of pitches and there was a din in the air of conversation and laughter. It appeared that the week was long and the beer was cold.
It took some negotiating to get three stools next to each other at the bar but we made it happen. Our bartender gave us educated descriptions of almost every beer on tap, including the unlisted IPA they called "Knuckle Dragger" that was nearly of imperial strength and bitterness. Considering the lack of proximity of the locale to home I (sadly) chose to skip this over 8% brew and went with the Midnight Ale. This brown ale was described as being similar to Newcastle and "very drinkable". I agree that it was easy going down and would say I found it a bit sweeter that Newcastle. Tasty.
My photo snapping prompted some curiosity from the staff and after a brief explanation of our project I was introduced to Joe, the head brewer. Many thanks to Joe for the tour of the 15 barrel brewing system. A future interview was discussed and contacts were exchanged. Keep your eyes peeled.
As if the taproom wasn't impressive enough, flyers were distributed during our visit advertising a Super Bowl party. This caused some confusion in the group at first because no T.V. was visible. As it turns out, the taproom will soon (pre-Super Bowl of course) expand. A second room to the left of the current room will be opening with a big screen and more taps. Exciting things to come for a great brewery tap room in the deep south sound.


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For Teaching Adults/Young Adults (4)
Smart Choice
CatalogueThird Edition
Smart Learning - on the page and on the move
Ken Wilson and Thomas Healy
Language Level: A1 - B1
Four-level general English course for adults and young adults
American Headway
CatalogueThird Edition
Proven Success beyond the classroom
Language Level: A1 – C1
Still the world's most trusted adult English course – American Headway Third edition combines a perfectly-balanced syllabus with more conversation, assessment and digital teaching and learning resources than ever before.
CatalogueFirst edition
Train your learners to unlock the rules and patterns of English and stimulate their progress in all four skills.
Catherine Walter (Series Adviser)
Language Level: A1-C1
Unlock the rules and patterns of English to enable learners to progress in all four skills.
CatalogueFirst edition
6 Skills to expand your English
Susan Stempleski
Language Level: A1 – B1
A four-level integrated skills course with a supportive 6 skills approach
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Two employees mixing chemicals in a biodiesel manufacturing plant in Chicago's Humboldt Park on Friday morning set off an explosion that sent 21 people to hospitals. Two of the injured were in serious condition upon arrival, but their conditions stabilized by midday.
The 9 a.m. explosion caused a partial collapse of the one-story Columbus Foods plant near Grand Avenue and Troy Street and shook nearby buildings, according to witnesses. A plume of smoke smelling strongly of chemicals and sulfur lingered in the air for several minutes afterward.
The explosion was set off in a mixing tank when a worker improperly mixed glycerine and sulfuric acid. A company spokesman said eight employees were inside at the time, but none were seriously hurt. And while the explosion caused extensive damage, officials saw no evidence of fire.
At least five ambulances flocked to the scene for the EMS Plan 1 and Hazmat alarm. Fire Department spokesman Quention Curtistold the Trib that a chemical cloud rose from the explosion, and area buildings had to be evacuated.
Two blocks from the explosion, 19 people who were working in a Metra rail yard complained of strong fumes and irritation to their skin. They were transported to area hospitals after fire officials determined they'd come into contact with chemicals from the explosion that had drifted into the yard. Officials said the chemical is an irritant, but can be washed off.
Across the street from the plant, the dean of students at Uhlich Academy, Cherilyn Thomas, said the lid of the tank landed in the parking lot, leaving a six-inch crater, and a heavy pipe hit the school just a few feet away from a window.
Thomas said it's fortunate that no students were injured.
"Parents send their children to school so that they're safe, and I'm just glad that all our students were inside the building," Thomas said.
Columbus Vegetable Oils has been at that location since 1938, and this is its first accident, according to the spokesman.
Of the two Columbus workers were taken to area hospitals, one was in stable condition and the other suffered only minor injuries, fire officials said.
Metra trains in the area are running again after the Milwaukee District North and Milwaukee District West lines were shut down for nearly two hours, according to a service advisory.
Residents and workers in the area said the explosion shook the ground and rattled windows as far as 3/4 of a mile away.
Eamon Madigan, who was several blocks from the scene, told NBC Chicago he felt the explosion, and it shook the three-story building he was in. Jett Weiner, whose wife works at California and Fulton, said she called to say she also felt the explosion shake her building. Nikki Tyner, who was in an apartment in Humboldt Park, said "the building shook like there was an earthquake."


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Introduction of ABB Circuit Breaker
01: Family S 200 = MCBs
02: H for Home
03: Number of poles, 1P, 1P+N, 2P, 3P, 3P+N, 4P
04: Breaking capacities, T=3kA, L=4.5kA, None=6kA
05: Wiring diagrams to prevent wrong connection on all pole versions
06: Characteristic B and C
07: Rated current from 6A to 63A
09: Indication of MCB rated voltage
10: Indication of MCB breaking capacity and limiation class
Circuit Breaker definiation
A circuit breaker is a device to isolate a circuit during an overcurrent event without the use of a fusible element, is a resettable protective device that protects against two types of overcurrent situations: overload and short circuit.
Magnetic trip unit for short circuit protection
This magnetc trip unit is composed of an electromagnetic and an armature.
Components of a magnetic trip unit
When there is a short circuit, a high magnitude of current passes through the coils creating a magnetic field that attracts the movable armature towards the fixed armature, the hammer trip is pushed against the movable contact and the contacts are opened.
Short circuit selectivity
In the case of short circuit, selectivity exists up to the values indicated, limited or no sensitivity at all possible in the overload range with thermal tripping.
Side views of ABB Circuit Breakers


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Royal Cabinet Company, a New Jersey-based custom cabinet manufacturer designs and creates some of America's finest custom cabinets. Whether providing kitchen cabinets through its dealers, or designing and installing cabinets for local clientele, Royal Cabinet is dedicated to creating custom cabinetry that ensures your kitchen will be Distinctive, Unique & Highly Functional.
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Visit the Royal Cabinet Blog to learn more about Custom Cabinetry for your home.
Visit Stonehenge Concrete Countertops for the perfect finishing touch to your kitchen or bathroom.
Royal Cabinet Company Inc. receives 2010
Best of Hillsborough Award
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Royal Cabinet Company
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Hillsborough, Somerset County, New Jersey
We are custom kitchen designers and fabricators creating luxury kitchens for our local Somerset / Hunterdon County area in New Jersey and for other locations through our dealer network. Royal Cabinet's factory showroom is located in Hillsborough, NJ. We design and build high end kitchens, offices, libraries and wet bars for some of the most prestigious homes across America.
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Custom Cabinets New Jersey
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For those who value quality, consider the value we offer in custom built high end kitchen cabinets. Royal Cabinet is known as one of the best cabinet manufacturers in the US. if you are searching where to buy custom cabinetry or kitchens, you have found the ultimate source. We proudly serve the following towns:
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and more . . . Call us today to explore the possibilities of a new kitchen design idea. Our kitchen designers are standing by. (908) 203-8000


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Fantastic gig by Zola Jesus at Stereo, Glasgow UK on Halloween 2014, great fun and Ms Nika Roza Danilova was on top form throughout, bit bouncier and more upbeat than the last time I saw her in Edinburgh, but that's not a bad thing!
Apologies for the distortion in the audio when she hits some of the higher notes, did my best to fix it but the original audio is worse! She just has such a big voice for such a little person!


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Are you passionate about building relationships and teaching English? Then we are looking for you!
OM Italia currently has an English conversational class and has the vision to provide several other opportunities for Italians to learn English. The aim of these classes, besides helping people to learn English, is to get to know local people and share the gospel with them.
In Italy, where the roots of Catholicism lay, only very few people have a living relationship with God and know Jesus as Lord and Savior. Do you want to help create a vibrant community of Jesus followers among the people In Pisa? Do you have a desire to reach Italians with the true gospel message? Come and join OM Italia to serve with a local church plant and help in reaching out to Italians.


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Sugar and Spice Pecans
1 egg white
1 TB water
2.5 cups pecans
1 cup sugar
1 tsp cinnamon
1/2 tsp nutmeg
1/2 tsp salt
Beat the egg white and water until frothy. Add pecans and stir until coated. In a separate bowl, mix the sugar, salt, cinnamon, and nutmeg. Add the pecans and stir again. (I did it in three batches.) Heat your oven to 250 degrees and line a baking sheet in tin foil (there is the definite possibility of a cooked-on sugar mess with this recipe). Spread the coated pecans on the baking sheet. You'll need to stir them every 10 minutes so they roast evenly and don't stick to the tin foil forever. Bake 50 minutes total. Remove from oven, let cool, and eat them like there's no tomorrow.
Admiring my teacup and saucer?
I found them at a Tacoma estate sale for 50 cents. They're from Germany. Bonn, to be exact. And I certainly don't use them for tea. No, sir. I don't drink hot liquids of any kind. (That's the devil's temperature.)
I use this teacup to store my ghost toys.
I use this teacup to store my ghost toys.
And there they are, just waiting for some ghost children.