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Senate Bill No. 403
(By Senators Laird, Barnes, Edgell, Facemire, Prezioso, Snyder, Unger, Miller and Beach)
[Passed March 7, 2014; in effect ninety days from passage.]
AN ACT to amend and reenact §20-2-64 of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended, relating to regulating the importation and possession of certain injurious aquatic species.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:
That §20-2-64 of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended, be amended and reenacted to read as follows:
§20-2-64. Regulating release of fish, water animal and other aquatic organisms; stocking permit.
(a) It is unlawful for any person to release any fish, water animal or other aquatic organism, alive or dead, or any part, nest or egg thereof into the waters of this state except as authorized by a stocking permit issued by the director: Provided, That nothing in this subsection shall be construed as restricting the release of fish, water animal or other aquatic organism into the waters of this state from which they were taken by lawful methods: Provided, however, That nothing in this subsection shall be construed as restricting the release of native or established species of fish in privately owned ponds.
(b) A stocking permit is not required for the stocking of trout in waters of the state provided that the trout originate from a source within the state or meet the disease-free certification requirements for imported salmondiae set forth in section thirteen of this article.
(c) A stocking permit is not required for the stocking of black bass provided that the Division of Natural Resources is notified prior to stocking and is provided a disease-free certification.
(d) It is unlawful for any person to possess, sell, offer for sale, import, bring or cause to be brought or imported into this state or release into the waters of this state, in a live state, any bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), largescale silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys harmandi), diploid white amur (Ctenopharyngodon idella) or snakehead (Channa spp.), gametes or eggs of the same, or any hybrids of these species. The director may not issue a stocking permit to any person for the species and their hybrids listed in this subsection, but may issue written authorization for the importation or possession of these species or their hybrids into this state if the importation or possession does not violate any federal law and if the use is limited to scientific research.


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DENVER — Prosecutors have added 12 names to the list of people allegedly targeted by the suspect in the Colorado theater shootings, according to documents made public Friday.
James Eagan Holmes originally was charged with 142 counts including murder and attempted murder, alleging he killed 12 people and injured at least 58 in the July 20 shootings.
In September and October, prosecutors filed 24 more counts of attempted murder against Holmes. The names of the alleged victims were redacted from court documents, so the number of additional alleged victims was unknown until Friday.
Holmes, 24, is accused of opening fire in a crowded movie theater in the Denver suburb of Aurora during a midnight showing of the latest Batman movie. He is being held without bail. He hasn't entered a plea.
The newly released documents didn't say whether any of the 12 additional people were injured. Prosecutors declined to comment.
One of the 12, Corbin Dates, told The Associated Press in July he was so close to the gunman that spent cartridges were falling on him.
"Some of it was hitting my leg, and it burned really badly," Dates said at the time.
Another of the newly identified victims, Jamie Rohrs, was in the theater with his fiancee and their two children. Two of the attempted-murder counts in the original criminal complaint allege that Holmes tried to kill Rohrs' fiancee, Patricia Legarreta, and their 4-month-old son, Ethan Rohrs.
The names of the 12 additional alleged victims were caught up in a legal skirmish between attorneys who wanted the identities kept secret and media outlets that argued they should be made public.
In July, when the original criminal complaint was filed, court officials released the names of all 70 people whom Holmes is accused of killing or trying to kill. Two months later, Arapahoe County District Judge William Blair Sylvester granted a request by prosecutors to redact those names from the public file and the court's website.
Most Read
A lawyer for 21 media organizations including The Associated Press objected, pointing out the original 70 names were already in the public domain.
Sylvester's order on Thursday directed that the original 70 names be returned to the public file and court website and that the 12 additional names be released as well.
The order said withholding the names would be "largely symbolic" because the original 70 were in the public domain and because the media had already identified and interviewed some of the other 12.
Sylvester also decided, for now, not to release information about a package Holmes sent to his psychiatrist before the massacre. He wrote that unsealing details about the package could jeopardize an upcoming hearing on a request by defense attorneys for sanctions against prosecutors.
Defense attorneys claimed authorities had made improper statements about the contents of the package. District Attorney Carol Chambers has asked the judge to reject sanctions because no specific violations were identified.

subset: commoncrawl


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Prelo was designed to be a neutral, highly readable typeface for identity, editorial and information design. With nine weights and nine true italics from Hairline to Black, Prelo is a workhorse typeface full of OpenType features such as small caps, tabular figures, central European characters and historical figures, among others.
Like other DSType fonts, most of the diacritics were designed to fit the gap between the x-height and the caps height, avoiding some common problems with the accented characters. The curves are soft and smooth, providing legibility even in very poor conditions, and the neutrality allows this typeface to be used with any serif companion.


text:
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repetitive elements that carry throughout the pages
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Happy belated Father's Day to all the Dad's out there. This is an older post that I have edited, expanded, and added to.
My father is not an investor or "bank guy" by any means. But thinking back upon childhood and beyond, I realize that a good amount of the things that are important to investing, are the same simple life lessons my father tried to instil in me when I was young.
They are tidbits of wisdom that seem to have limitless application. Here's a few that come to mind:
Use the right tool for the right job
Whenever my dad caught me trying to hammer something with the handle of a screwdriver, or unscrew something with a butter knife, he used to stop me and tell me to use the right tool for the right job. Taking the 30 seconds to grab a hammer was far better than breaking the screwdriver and being out the time and money that it would take to replace.
The same can be said about investing. We have a variety of products we can choose from, and several of them have their specific purpose. Use a TFSA if you want to save up for a car, not your RRSP. Use an RESP to save for your child's education, not your un-registered account. There are benefits to using the right tool for the right job, and penalties for not.
knife for the peanut butter, spoon for the jam
I think this advice was brought to the both of us from either the Flintstones or Sesame Street, but my dad would repeat the jingle if we were going to make a peanut butter and jam sandwich. It's a simple life lesson: be cleanly and organized.
If you are in the fortunate position to have "extra" cash to play with, or if you "have a hunch" that a stock is going to move, hey, more power to you. Take the plunge, if you see fit. But don't get your ultra-risky speculations mixed up with your legitimate investments that should be the foundation of your savings.
Simply put, don't take the money you are planning to use for a down-payment on a house and put it all in the latest IPO. If you can take a gamble, set up a separate account and keep only a small portion of your wealth there.
More importantly, it is linked to the "use the right tool" section above: It is important to keep certain accounts separate, even if you don't invest in individual stocks. We need to remember time horizons when investing, and use the appropriate vehicle.
Do it right the first time
Nothing upset my father more than when he asked me to do something and I did it half-heartedly. Inevitably, he would make me re-do it. It taught me to put the effort into getting it right the first time.
This doesn't always work with investing; we all make a bad decision from time to time. But if you can make the effort to make sound decisions, you won't have to try to make up lost ground in the future.
Creating an investing plan for yourself, deciding an asset allocation, and following the plan is far more important that finding the next Microsoft. The fact of the matter is that most of us will never find the next Microsoft early enough, nor would we sell it when it should be sold. But following an asset allocation plan is something that we all can do… easily.
Keep your head up
This was a hockey lesson. I remember forgetting this advice once, and skating full speed into another kid behind the net. My tailbone hurt for a week.
If you are a do-it-yourself investor, then you will have to keep on top of things, especially if you are investing in individual stocks. Buy and hold is a legitimate strategy, and one that I tend to follow. But if you are not reading up on your companies, then you may be left holding some useless Enron stock, which may hurt more than your tailbone.
For indexers, it is important to keep marginally informed, and take care of re-balancing when your holdings get out of whack by a decided percentage, or at decided intervals.
Another day another dollar
More than advice, this is something he would say (still says to this day, in fact) when he got home from work and I would ask how his day went.
I've said in another post that I view my human capital as my most important asset, and it really stems from this saying. As long as you can keep working, you can keep earning, which means you can keep saving. It also means that you can spend when you need to, knowing that you have this powerful asset in your portfolio.
I prefer Steve Martin's version, though: "All I've ever wanted was an honest week's pay for an honest day's work."
Do as I say, not as I do
Probably the most frustrating to have to hear, but one of my favourites now, I would get this line thrown at me when I caught him in some sort of seemingly questionable situation where he told me one thing, but wasn't following his own advice.
This is as important in investing as it is in life. There is a lot of good advice and wisdom out there from several people who know a lot more than you or me. It doesn't mean that we need to do exactly what they are doing, especially when scale is an issue.
Warren Buffet is very good at recognizing value in stocks and whole companies. But he has said that the majority of investors would be better off by buying a basket of index funds.
Check your base
Living on a farm, ladders were constantly in use. Whether it be for changing light bulbs, painting barn doors, re-shingling the roof, cleaning the eaves or picking cherries, we were always up on them. No matter how many times I would climb the ladder, he used to always tell me to check the footing before climbing, and then again on the first rung or so.
A solid base to a portfolio should be able to avoid (or lessen) the impact of a hard fall from market heights. This helped me when the market was approaching 15,000 (I put the brakes on at about 14 and change in June of 2007). The ladder started to feel wobbly, so I stopped climbing, re-checked my base, stockpiled cash, and had a nice cushion to fall on.
If the ladder starts to feel unstable, check the base, or grab another ladder. High stock prices may offer a great time to move some money into bonds, for example.
Don't waste Your Money
Kids always go through phases and fads. Often these fads cost money. Whether it is video games, rap music, Pokemon cards or BMX bikes, the truth is that most of these things will be forgotten 10 years out.
My father's words (and disappointed eyes when I wasted my money on something foolish) have had a lasting impression. I don't often buy shiny things, and save a very healthy portion of my income.
Put your things away
Whether it was my toys when I was little, tools on the farm, or the jars and packages after making a sandwich, my father always insisted that I put things away when I was finished with them.
Not exactly investing, this mentality has left me with a very organized system for recording income, expenses investments, dividends etc. Good accounting practices are very helpful come tax season.
I'm sure there are several more of these little gems that can be found. Feel free to add some in the comment section.


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McGregor, DiMicco Join White House Meeting on Manufacturing
On December 16, Jim McGregor, vice chairman of The McGregor Metalworking Companies, Springfield, OH, attended the White House Middle Class Task Force Manufacturing meeting. McGregor, along with Vice President Joe Biden, top administration officials and CEOs from among the country's largest manufacturing corporations, including Nucor Corp. chairman, president and CEO Dan DiMicco, participated in discussions centered on how to revitalize American manufacturing. McGregor emphasized the importance of lower healthcare costs, improved access to credit for small businesses, and a thorough, fact-based government analysis of the competitive disadvantages that U.S. manufacturing companies face against overseas competitors.
"Small manufacturers are the job creators and the backbone of our communities," said McGregor. "The proposals we are discussing today must ensure that small manufacturers become more cost-competitive with our overseas competition. We can compete with anyone in the world if we are on a level playing field."To view excerpts from McGregor's remarks at the White House meeting, visit the PMA OneVoice advocacy website, www.metalworkingadvocate.org/.
See also: Nucor Buildings Group
Related Enterprise Zones: Materials/Coatings
Reader Comments
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Q: There are many similarities between the swan and Alaska. Were you aware of this connection?
That is really compelling. I don't think I was conscious of it, but it holds together better than a lot of metaphors I did intend.
The more I think about it, the more interesting it becomes. Swans are animals that we romanticize—endowing with nobility and beauty—but if you've ever actually encountered a swan, they're a hell of a lot more complicated than that. The complex (and flawed) ideas associating whiteness and purity resonate for both swans and Alaska, too.
Most importantly, swans are traditionally associated with a passive beauty: They are things to be looked at. But in fact swans are capable of agency and power and biting people on the butt.
I like it!


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See more videogame recipes at The Drunken Moogle. And submit your own drink recipe to the Dorkly Facebook page for consideration!
Metroid (Metroid Cocktail)
Ingredients:1/2 shot Bacardi Big Apple Rum1/2 shot Coconut Rum1/2 glass Kiwi Strawberry Minute Maid (or Kool-Aid)A little less than 1/2 a glass Sprite3 Strawberries
Directions: Shake the two rums and Kiwi Strawberry Minute Maid and pour into a lowball glass. Add the Sprite for a bit of flavor and carbonation. Drop in three strawberries as a garnish. If you choose, you can use your ice beam freezer to cool the alcohol before you make the drink.
Sonic the Hedgehog (Sonic the Hedgehog shot)
Ingredients:1 part grenadine2 parts Menthomint Schnapps4 parts Blue Curacao
Directions: Pour in the grenadine first. Then layer the Mentholmint schnapps and Blue Curacao on top, in that order. Take it down faster than the Blue Blur himself.
Fat Man (Fallout 3 Cocktail)
Ingredients:3/4 shot Spiced Rum1/4 shot Cinnamon Whiskey1 shot Vanilla Vodka6 shots Dr. Pepper
Directions: Pour the Dr. Pepper in a highball glass and mix in the shot of vanilla vodka. Pour the spiced rum and cinnamon whiskey into a shot glass. Make sure bystanders are out of blast radius and deploy the fat man (er, drop the shot into the highball glass). Consume and make sure to find some Rad Away, quick!
Ingredients:(recipe makes 6 shots)1 oz Blue Curacao1/2 oz Grenadine2 oz Vodka2 oz Midori Melon Liqueur2 oz Pineapple juice1 oz Fresh lemon juice6 Maraschino cherries with stems
Directions: Mix the Blue Curacao and grenadine and divide into the bottom of 6 shot glasses. Pour vodka, Midori, pineapple juice, and lemon juice in a shaker and shake to combine. Carefully layer the green on top of the purple, and garnish the edge of each shot glass with a maraschino cherry.
To take the shot remove the cherry from the edge and down it, and then eat the cherry afterwards. The result is a shot that's sweet, quirky, and even a little fruity that's best enjoyed with all your friends, just like Katamari Damacy.
Ingredients:Bulbasaur-1/2 shot lime vodka1/4 shot lime juice1/4 shot melon liqueur
Ivysaur-1 shot lime vodka1 shot lime juice1 shot melon liqueur1 shot sprite
Venusaur-1 Bulbasaur1 Ivysaur1 shot lime vodka1 shot lime juice1 shot sprite
Directions: For the Bulbasaur shot, simply mix all three ingredients into a shot glass. For the Ivysaur cocktail, shake all ingredients and pour over ice in a rocks glass. Add a stem of mint as a garnish. Finally, to evolve to the Venusaur cocktail, shake a Bulbasaur shot together with an Ivysaur cocktail, along with an additional shot of lime vodka, lime juice, and sprite, and pour over ice into a highball glass. Again, add a few leaves of mint as a garnish.
Ingredients:1 1/2 oz. Hpnotiq1 oz. Blue Curacao1/2 oz. freshly squeezed orange juiceA splash of MidoriA splash of Apple Pucker3/4 cup ice
Directions: Squeeze the juice out of half an orange and use a scoop to remove the pulp, leaving you with just a clean rind. Measure the juice to 1/2 oz. and blend all ingredients together and strain into a glass. Place the orange over the glass and serve. Before drinking, remove the "armor" and enjoy.
T-Virus (Resident Evil Shot)
Ingredients:3/4 shot Silver Rum1/4 shot Everclear1 Blue Twizzler
Directions: Wind a blue Twizzler around a tall double shot glass. It should stick to the sides of the glass. Pour in the silver rum and top with the Everclear. Drink, then eat the Twizzler for a sweet and tangy aftertaste. You will have to fish out the Twizzler with your finger after you drink, as it will still be stuck to the side of the shot glass.


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'It's a farce,' says former DFG deputy director Bob Fletcher of the Dec. 15 vote that will finalize a flawed process
SANTA BARBARA -- Surprising no one familiar with outgoing Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's heavy-handed MLPA politics, the California Fish and Game Commission is expected to vote in new Southern California ocean fishing closures when they meet Dec.15 in Santa Barbara.
The vote is expected to pass 3-2, with 'see no environmental evil' commissioners Michael Sutton of the Monterey Bay Aquarium, seat warming Heal the Bay board member Jack Baylis, and Richard Rogers in favor. It should be the latter's final meeting.Rogers, apparently atoning for past personal indiscriminate fishing practices including the then-legal spearing of a black seabass, is expected to lose his commission seat when Governor-elect Jerry Brown's administration appoints a replacement. Baylis, who many political observers believe was appointed to deliver this particular vote, has not been confirmed by the state Senate. He, too, is operating on borrowed time.
Commission president and labor advocate Jim Kellogg and outspoken critic of unfunded mandates and private control of public policy Dan Richards are expected to vote no.
The vote will be recklessly rammed through despite an estimated $40 million annual statewide implementation cost to a state facing cuts in basic services. Let's not forget apparent conflicts of interest, the best science private money can pay for, suspected closed-door dealings on the South Coast MLPA Blue Ribbon Task Force, flaws in the environmental documentation, pending legal action, and so on, in the name of greening an unpopular governor's legacy.
"Those three commissioners are going to vote to adopt. We know that. Their minds are made up. They don't want to be confused with facts. They just have to go through the administrative motions. It's a farce," said Bob Fletcher, past president of the Sportfishing Association of California, a founding member of the Partnership for Sustainable Oceans, and winning plaintiff in a recent Public Records Act lawsuit directed at the BRTF and MLPA Science Advisory Team.
"The Public Records Act (lawsuit) was a first salvo. That's not the end of it," Fletcher added. PSO attorneys representing over a million anglers will attend the hearing, where they point out the glaring shortcomings of the South Coast MLPA planning process – presumable vulnerabilities for future legal action. Meanwhile, the BRTF and SAT have yet to produce their internal communications, which could prove or disprove allegations of back-room dealing.
With the outcome at the commission a foregone and predetermined conclusion, anglers are understandably ambivalent about attending. "People are disillusioned, disappointed, frustrated, they see the fix is in," Fletcher acknowledged.
But not so fast. "Going does support the two guys (Kellogg and Richards) who have heard us," the politically savvy Fletcher said, encouraging the fishing community to mobilize and show in force. At a minimum, anglers should shower the commission with letters protesting a disgustingly flawed process. Sample letters are available at KeepAmericaFishing.org.
Regardless of any December South Coast implementation vote, the MLPA's ultimate fate remains uncertain. Expected turnover could produce a more open-minded commission as soon as February. The legal wrangling is still in the early stages.
The Fish and Game Commission hearing on South Coast MLPA implementation starts at 9 am, December 15, at the Hotel Mar Monte El Cabrillo room, 1111 East Cabrillo Boulevard, Santa Barbara.


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Take a clock-wise 3-flip mobius strip,
- Cut it down the middle and then let the ribbon cross itself 6 times.
- This forms a framed knot of which there are many.
- Get the knot diagram.
I've found that there is only one knot, which is a perfect braid, but the rest of the group are either figure of 8 knots with two loops, or trefoil knots with 3 twists.
Seeing the all knots have the same etiology, how many are there and prove it. I've found about 80 with paper models.
See my video


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You are now a Life Scout, one step away from Scouting's highest award - Eagle Scout!
You are ready to climb the last trail to join the "select few" who have reached the top of Scouting's advancement ladder. This Honor requires demonstrating leadership and service.
In order to advance to the rank of Eagle, a Life Scout must complete all seven requirements of the Eagle rank as outlined in the Scout Handbook:
The last two requirements are completed after the first five are done.
Following these steps and the completion of the other requirements, a Scout will complete a Board of Review, then they are entitled to recognition for their efforts in a Court of Honor hosted by the unit.
Arapahoe District Johnny Cordova 720-344-7695
Dan Dineen 303.941.8313
Centennial District Roberty Guy 720.870.7117
Richard Hall 720.324.4235
Frontier District Greg Holt 303.369.9934
Gateway District Tom Gould 303.526.1020 Rick Baldessari 303.423.1887 Mark Schultz 303.883.2435 Tom Wyscaver 303.278.0059
Ken Beck 303.420.0875
Pioneer Trails Troy Brown 303-325-1415 Dick Reynolds 303.918.1578
Timberline District Charles Mocilac 303.763.6976
Valley District Chuck Sherman 303.884.3417
Venturing Committee Rick Baldessari 303.423.1887
If you have questions regarding BSA Advancement policies, please contact Andre Pauka, Council Advancement Committee Chairman or Kathy Craig, Council Advancement Committee Staff Advisor.


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Marine base's ex-residents, many ill, only now learning of toxic water
WASHINGTON — Paul Akers was in his oncologist's office last summer when his adult daughter handed him a magazine.
He saw a half-page ad from the Marine Corps, alerting former residents of Camp Lejeune, N.C., that if they lived on the base between 1957 and 1987, they might have been exposed to contaminated water.
Akers thought about his mother, the wife of a Marine, who died in 1960.
He remembered his little sister, whom he called Penny. She died of cancer in June at 61. She'd been diagnosed last spring, when she went in to be tested as a bone marrow match for her ailing brother. She was dead within a month.
Akers thought, too, of his own struggle, undergoing chemotherapy for non-Hodgkins' lymphoma.
"You can see why I'm angry at the military," Akers told McClatchy.
Akers, 64, lived on base for years as a young child, building forts among the pine trees and splashing in a plastic kiddie pool with his little sister, cooling off in the sweltering Carolina summers.
The water, it turned out, was poisonous.
Although that was discovered a quarter-century ago, neither Akers nor his sister had known that residents of Camp Lejeune drank contaminated well water for decades. The Marines have registered thousands of people across the country who say they've been plagued by illnesses related to the toxic water, but the Department of the Navy, which includes the Marine Corps, still refuses to pay for a $1.6 million study into the deaths of former residents of Camp Lejeune.
"We ate food cooked in the water. We drank the water. We bathed in the water," said Akers, now a primary care doctor in Columbia, S.C. "Everything we did, we did in the water."
Some estimates are that over a 30-year period, as many as 1 million people were exposed to well water that contained trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), benzene and vinyl chloride. The chemicals were dumped into storm drains, leaked from fuel tanks or buried in pits across the base. They seeped through the groundwater and into the wells that fed the base areas of Hadnot Point and Tarawa Terrace.
A 2007 law required the Marine Corps to warn former residents of the potential danger, but many, such as Akers, say they've never been contacted.
Meanwhile, members of Congress have grown increasingly impatient with the Navy Department's refusal to pay for a mortality study. Sen. Richard Burr, R-N.C., has blocked two Navy presidential appointees and vowed to stop every nominee until the department ends its "continued intransigence."
The mortality study is to be done by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, an arm of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that was created to assess the health hazards from environmental Superfund sites.
The study is required by law under Title 42, but Navy Secretary Ray Mabus told Burr last month that because previous research released last summer found no link to the toxic water, the mortality study is unnecessary.
Burr also is pushing legislation that would require the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide health care to family members with illnesses that could be linked to toxins in the Lejeune water.
It's unclear how many people the toxic water may have sickened.
Still, 133,000 former Marines, family members and civilian employees have registered with the Marine Corps as potential victims of the contamination. After North Carolina, the states with the most registrants are Florida and California.
"I want the government to be responsible. I think the term is 'man up,'" Akers said. "(We) got poisoned while they turned their back and looked the other way."
When news of the contamination in water wells on the base was first reported in a base newspaper and then in The News & Observer of Raleigh, N.C., 25 years ago, officials said the main contaminants were volatile organic solvents, which they blamed, in part, on a nearby dry cleaner.
A year ago, however, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry learned that the water had been contaminated in part with benzene, a component in fuel and a carcinogen.
The finding was so significant that the agency retracted decade-old research because it didn't include the new poison.
Now, newly revealed documents reviewed by McClatchy indicate that the base's fuel storage farm may have had much greater significance than previously known.
In fact, 800,000 gallons of fuel were thought to have been spilled over the years from the fuel farm, close to the main well that serves Hadnot Point, the location of the base's enlisted barracks, some officers' quarters and the base hospital, where Paul Akers' mother volunteered for years.
In a November 1996 meeting among federal, state and base environmental officials, a contractor estimated that 500,000 gallons of the fuel had been recovered, according to a memo documenting the meeting.
"The other 300,000 gallons? I know what happened to it," said Mike Partain of Tallahassee, Fla., who lived at Camp Lejeune as an infant. "We drank it."
Three years ago, Partain was diagnosed with male breast cancer at age 39.
Since then, he's found dozens of other male breast cancer patients across the country — 55 in all — with connections to Camp Lejeune. Some of the men have died.
Male breast cancer is so rare — fewer than 2,000 men are diagnosed each year — that Partain's findings have raised questions among some epidemiologists.
The Marine Corps says that science has yet to show a link between Camp Lejeune's water and families' illnesses. A report by the National Research Council released last summer found no definitive cause.
Burr and Sen. Kay Hagan, D-N.C., along with numerous scientists, question those results.
Documents reviewed by McClatchy indicate that there were repeated warnings about the poisonous water before the wells were shut down in late 1984.
Capt. Brian Block, a Marine spokesman, said officials at Lejeune spent several years testing the water to find the source of the contamination before tracing it to the affected wells — which were then immediately shut down.
Akers, the doctor who lost his sister in June, said he's still angry at the Marines.
It was too late for his mother, Akers said. However, had he and his sister known a decade ago that they drank and bathed in toxic water and were at risk, they would have paid attention.
"There are things that could be done if you know about it," Akers said.
Bill requires care for those exposed to tainted water at Lejeune
Toxins in Camp Lejeune water 30 years ago still a problem
Controversial 'Osprey' makes combat debut in Afghanistan
At Camp Lejeune, Marines are ready to go
Follow the latest politics news at McClatchy'sPlanet Washington


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Give God the opportunity
Facing what seemed like an un-mendable situation recently, I thought of something my old pastor had said to me one time many years ago: "Give God the opportunity to work in your life, and in this situation in particular." What he was suggesting I do seemed impossible, difficult, time constraining, and very sad to me. I couldn't see a good outcome.
But he was right then, and I am certain this truth has been proved correct many more times since that time. We think on man's terms. God thinks (and acts) on God's terms. They are vastly different. His ways are not our ways. We are finite creatures. He is infinite. We only know a little. He knows everything and everyone.
Are you facing something in your life that seems to be such a big mountain that you can find no way to make even a tiny trail and have little hope of getting to the top?
Perhaps it has to do with a mate, or perhaps a child you love more than you love your own life. For many, just now, it is troublesome worries with finances or the lack of those finances. Your home might be in jeopardy. You might be losing your vehicle — the transportation that gets you back and forth to the job you must somehow keep. For others, it is physical. You are in pain and perhaps you cannot find a medical doctor you trust or cannot afford the necessary medicine or treatment needed. For yet others, it is misunderstandings, hurt feelings, lies and taunting. Many are embroiled in legal battles that seem to have no end.
Would you allow me to tell you in print today, right here on this page, that God loves you? He knows about your situation, He cares about what happens to you and to your loved ones, and if you (and I) will only turn over the reigns of our lives to Him, He will find a way to take our brokenness and pain and make it something beautiful and useful.I don't pretend to know how He will choose to act, the people He will choose to use, and when He will come to help you, but I know He cares and He has a plan for every life that He has allowed. It is exciting to see how and when the God we serve will deliver us. May we be willing to trust Him with our pain, sorrow, failed plans, discarded dreams and broken hearts.
If we as fellow human beings will look around us and ask God to touch our cold hearts and show us something that needs doing for His children, our community, in our church, and most of all in our homes, He will be honored to use us, and these many needs can start to be met. Is there not someone, just one soul, that you could help today in some way? Who knows, it might start a mountain of good will and restoration rolling downward to so many others.
God bless each one of us today. Help us to be sensitive to those around us who have needs, and help us to be eager to help meet those needs. God uses people to help other people, but only those who are willing and available.
Brenda Cannon Henley is an award-winning journalist and writer living on the Southeast Texas Gulf Coast. Having enjoyed more than four decades in ministry, Brenda shares her columns with our readers and works with churches and faith-based programs nationwide. She can be reached at (409) 781-8788 or at brendacannonhenley [at] yahoo [dot] com.


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Friday, May 18, 2012
bluemouth inc. - Dance Marathon
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Lessons of the past forgotten
Oscar Mauzy, former state senator and Supreme Court justice, had a large sign hanging on the wall of his senate office. It read, "Forgive and remember." Unfortunately, too many voters have not adopted the part about remembering. It is my belief too many voters do not necessarily forgive — they simply forget.
The current rush and seeming obsession with trying to reign in deficit spending all of a sudden in America clearly demonstrates that too many Americans who have vivid recollections of the Great Depression are no longer with us. Or American leaders have collectively forgotten the lessons we should have learned at that time.
My mother, who is 96 years of age, recalls vividly how hard times were when many Americans literally did not have any idea where their next meal would come from. She recalls with some emotion the hopelessness of many American families during that downturn.
The lessons that apparently have been collectively forgotten by our leadership are that Roosevelt's New Deal, with massive spending and a dedication to rebuild much of America's infrastructure, began to pull us from the depths of America's worst depression. The change in economics of having the government inject money into the economy was working. Unfortunately, Roosevelt, much like Obama, yielded to the hue and cry from the right wing to prematurely start dealing with the so-called looming deficit. When Roosevelt's focus switched from simply creating jobs by massive infusions of money, the road to recovery took a sharp downturn and led to a measurable setback in the recovery.
Currently, Nobel Prize winning economists and other experts on the world economy correctly advise us that cutbacks desired by the Tea Party in Congress will not create jobs but to create a reversal of our slow recovery from a recession. There is living proof these economists are right. England has already tried austerity to relieve its joblessness situation, and it is apparently not working. Germany, on the other hand, has pretty much ignored the deficit, continued to invest in public spending and revival of its infrastructure; its economy seems to be leaping forward, and carrying along with it the vast majority of German citizens. We continue to be warned by experts that the premature dedication to austerity in America will short-circuit our efforts to stimulate the economy. Unfortunately, the folks who uttered not a word while George W. Bush gave tax breaks to oil companies and the mega-rich and spent like drunken sailors on two unnecessary wars are now trying to convince America the neediest Americans need to double their sacrificial efforts to save the country from future ruin.
Politics in many ways is a game of self-fulfilling prophecies. Republican leadership in America vowed the election of Barack Obama would bring disaster and ruin to America. Their entire effort has not been aimed at making America a greater nation, but to guaranteeing the Obama administration will be a total failure.
Our state Republican leadership, beginning with Gov. Rick Perry, has been employing much of the same tactic to maintain control in our state. Doesn't it seem suspicious that in an election year our State Board of Education, controlled by our governor, relaxed the standardized test grading procedures so the vast majority of Texas schools appeared to have surged forward in the field of excellence?
Carl Parker has practiced law in Port Arthur since 1958. He is a 1958 graduate of the University of Texas School of Law. Elected to the Texas House of Representatives in 1962 and the Senate in 1976, Parker continued to practice law while writing and sponsoring hundreds of bills that became laws relating to every aspect of life in Texas, including many regarding consumer safety.


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This information is produced and provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. For the most current information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the Internet web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER.
This complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) information summary provides an overview of the use of aromatherapy and essential oils primarily to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. This summary includes a brief history of aromatherapy, a review of laboratory studies and clinical trials, and possible adverse effects associated with aromatherapy use.
This summary contains the following key information:
Many of the medical and scientific terms used in the summary are hypertext linked (at first use in each section) to the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms, which is oriented toward nonexperts. When a linked term is clicked, a definition will appear in a separate window.
Reference citations in some PDQ CAM information summaries may include links to external Web sites that are operated by individuals or organizations for the purpose of marketing or advocating the use of specific treatments or products. These reference citations are included for informational purposes only. Their inclusion should not be viewed as an endorsement of the content of the Web sites, or of any treatment or product, by the PDQ Cancer CAM Editorial Board or the National Cancer Institute.
Aromatherapy is a derivative of herbal medicine, which is itself a subset of the biological or nature-based complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies. Aromatherapy has been defined as the therapeutic use of essential oils from plants for the improvement of physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. The proponents of aromatherapy claim it is an all-natural, nontoxic adjunct to conventional medicines.
Essential oils are volatile liquid substances extracted from aromatic plant material by steam distillation or mechanical expression. Oils produced with the aid of chemical solvents are not considered true essential oils, because the solvent residues can alter the purity of the oils themselves and lead to adulteration of the fragrance or to skin irritation.
Essential oils are made up of a large array of chemical components that consist of the secondary metabolites found in various plant materials. The major chemical components of essential oils include terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, and oxides, which are volatile and may produce characteristic odors. Different types of oils contain varying amounts of each of these compounds, which are said to give each oil its particular fragrance and therapeutic characteristics. Different varieties of the same species may have different chemotypes (different chemical composition of the same plant species as a result of different harvesting methods or locations) and thus different types of effects.[1]
Synthetic odors are often made up of many of the same compounds, which are synthesized and combined with other novel odor-producing chemicals. Most aromatherapists believe that synthetic fragrances are inferior to essential oils because they lack natural or vital energy; however, this has been contested by odor psychologists and biochemists.[2]
Aromatherapy is used or claimed to be useful for a vast array of symptoms and conditions. A book on aromatherapy in children suggests aromatherapy remedies for everything from acne to whooping cough.[3] Published studies regarding the uses of aromatherapy have generally focused on its psychological effects (used as a stress reliever or anxiolytic agent) or its use as a topical treatment for skin-related conditions.
A large body of literature has been published on the effects of odors on the human brain and emotions. Some studies have tested the effects of essential oils on mood, alertness, and mental stress in healthy subjects. Other studies investigated the effects of various (usually synthetic) odors on task performance, reaction time, and autonomic parameters or evaluated the direct effects of odors on the brain via electroencephalogram patterns and functional imaging studies.[4] Such studies have consistently shown that odors can produce specific effects on human neuropsychological and autonomic function and that odors can influence mood, perceived health, and arousal. These studies suggest that odors may have therapeutic applications in the context of stressful and adverse psychological conditions.
Practitioners of aromatherapy apply essential oils using several different methods, including (1) indirect inhalation via a room diffuser or drops of oil placed near the patient (e.g., on a tissue), (2) direct inhalation used in an individual inhaler (e.g., a few drops of essential oil floated on top of hot water to aid a sinus headache), or (3) aromatherapy massage, which is the application to the body of essential oils diluted in a carrier oil. Other direct and indirect applications include mixing essential oils in bath salts and lotions or applying them to dressings. Different aromatherapy practitioners may have different recipes for treating specific conditions, involving various combinations of oils and methods of application. Differences seem to be practitioner-dependent, with some common uses more accepted throughout the aromatherapy community. Training and certification in aromatherapy for lay practitioners is available at several schools throughout the United States and United Kingdom, but there is no professional standardization in the United States, and no license is required to practice in either country. Thus, there is little consistency in the specific treatments used for specific illnesses among practitioners. This lack of standardization has led to poor consistency in research on the effects of aromatherapy, because anecdotal evidence alone or previous experience has driven the choice of oils, and different researchers often choose different oils when studying the same applications. However, there are now specific courses for licensed health professionals that give nursing or continuing medical education contact hours and include a small research component.
The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA) (www.naha.org/) and the Alliance of International Aromatherapists (www.alliance-aromatherapists.org) are the two governing bodies for national educational standards for aromatherapists. NAHA is taking steps toward standardizing aromatherapy certification in the United States. Many schools offer certificate programs approved by NAHA. A list of these schools can be found on the NAHA Web site (www.naha.org/schools_level_one_two.htm). National examinations in aromatherapy are held twice per year.
The Canadian Federation of Aromatherapists has established standards for aromatherapy certification in Canada (www.cfacanada.com/). They also have standards for safety and professional conduct and a public directory of certified aromatherapists. Other countries may have similar organizations.
Although essential oils are given orally or internally by aromatherapists in France and Germany, use is generally limited to inhalation or topical application in the United Kingdom and United States. Nonmedical use of essential oils is common in the flavoring and fragrance industries. Most essential oils have been classified as GRAS (generally recognized as safe), at specified concentration limits, by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (See the International Federation of Aromatherapists [www.ifaroma.org/] for a list of international aromatherapy programs.)
Aromatherapy products do not need approval by the FDA.
Proponents of aromatherapy report that aromatic or essential oils have been used for thousands of years as stimulants or sedatives of the nervous system and as treatments for a wide range of other disorders. [1] They link it historically to the use of infused oils and unguents in the Bible and ancient Egypt,[1] remedies used throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance,[2] and the burning of aromatic plants in various primitive religious rites. The current applications of aromatherapy did not come about until the early 20th century when the French chemist and perfumer Rene Gattefosse coined the term "aromatherapy" and published a book of that name in 1937.[2] Gattefosse proposed the use of aromatherapy to treat diseases in virtually every organ system, citing mostly anecdotal and case-based evidence.[2]
Although Gattefosse and his colleagues in France, Italy, and Germany studied the effects of aromatherapy for some 30 years, its use went out of fashion midcentury and was rediscovered by another Frenchman, a physician, Jean Valnet, in the latter part of the century. Valnet published his book The Practice of Aromatherapy in 1982,[3] at which time the practice became more well-known in Britain and the United States. Through the 1980s and 1990s, as patients in Western countries became increasingly interested in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments, aromatherapy developed a following that continues to this day. In addition to the growing use of essential oils by nurses and aromatherapy practitioners for specific medical issues, the popularity of aromatherapy has also been exploited by cosmetics companies that have created lines of essential oil-based (though often with a synthetic component) cosmetics and toiletries, claiming to improve mood and well-being in their users.
Despite the growing popularity of aromatherapy in the latter part of the 20th century (especially in the United Kingdom), little research on aromatherapy was available in the English-language medical literature until the early or mid-1990s. The research that began to appear in the 1990s was most often conducted by nurses, who tended to be the primary practitioners of aromatherapy in the United States and United Kingdom (although it is dispensed by medical doctors in France and Germany). Aromatherapists now publish their own journal, the International Journal of Essential Oil Therapeutics. Also, many studies regarding the effects of odor on the brain and other systems in animals and healthy humans have been published in the context of odor psychology and neurobiology (and in the absence of the specific term aromatherapy).
In addition to topical antibacterial uses,[4] aromatherapy has also been proposed for use in wound care [5,6] and to treat a variety of localized symptoms and illnesses such as alopecia, eczema, and pruritus. [7,8,9] Aromatherapy has also been studied via inhalation for airway reactivity.[10]
Studies on aromatherapy have examined a variety of other conditions: sedation and arousal;[11,12] startle reflex and reaction time;[13,14]psychological states such as mood, anxiety, and general sense of well-being;[15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29] psychiatric disorders;[30]neurologic impairment;[23]chronic renal failure;[24]agitation in patients with dementia;[31,32,33,34,35] smoking withdrawal symptoms;[36,37] motion sickness;[38]postoperative nausea;[39,40] nausea and emesis in combination with fatigue, pain, and anxiety in patients in labor;[25,26,41] pain alone;[42,43,44,45] and pain in combination with other symptoms.[22,23,25,26]
Published articles have described the use of aromatherapy in specific hospital settings such as cancer wards, hospices, and other areas where patients are critically ill and require palliative care for pain, nausea, lymphedema,[46,47] generalized stress, anxiety,[48] and depression.[49] These observational studies provide examples of the clinical uses of aromatherapy (and other CAM modalities), though they are generally not evidence-based. Subjects have included hospitalized children with HIV,[50] homebound patients with terminal disease,[51] and hospitalized patients with leukemia.[52] Aromatherapy has also been used to reduce malodor of necrotic ulcers in cancer patients.[53]
Studies of aromatherapy use with mental health patients have also been conducted.[54] Most of the resulting articles describe successful incorporation of aromatherapy into the treatment of these patients, though outcomes are clearly subjective.
Theories about the mechanism of action of aromatherapy and essential oils differ, depending on the community studying them. Proponents of aromatherapy often cite the connection between olfaction and the limbic system in the brain as the basis for the effects of aromatherapy on mood and emotions; less is said about proposed mechanisms for its effects on other parts of the body. Most of the aromatherapy literature, however, lacks in-depth neurophysiological studies on the nature of olfaction and its link to the limbic system, and it generally does not cite research that shows these links. Proponents of aromatherapy also believe that the effects of the treatments are based on the special nature of the essential oils used and that essential oils produce effects on the body that are greater than the sum of the individual chemical components of the scents.
These assertions have been contested by the biochemistry and psychology communities, which take a different view of the possible mechanism of action of odors on the human brain (most do not differentiate the odors produced by essential oils from those of synthetic fragrances).[30] This neurobiological view, which focuses mostly on the emotional and psychological effects of fragrances (as opposed to the other symptomatic effects claimed by aromatherapists), takes into account what is known about olfactory transduction and the connection of the olfactory system to other central nervous system functions; however, it is primarily theoretical because of the lack of significant research addressing this topic.
Numerous studies on the topical antibacterial effects of essential oils have been published; most have found the oils to have significant antimicrobial activity.[1] Some essential oils are antiviral and inhibit replication of the herpes simplex virus.[2] Other essential oils are fungistatic and fungicidal against both vaginal and oropharyngeal Candida albicans.[3]
Studies on rats in Europe and Japan have shown that exposure to various odors can result in stimulation or sedation, as well as changes in behavioral responses to stress and pain. A study [4] on the sedative effects of essential oils and other fragrance compounds (mostly individual chemical components of the oils) on rat motility showed that lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia Miller [synonyms: Lavandula spicata L.; Lavandula vera DC.]) in particular had a significant sedative effect, and several single-oil constituents (as opposed to whole essential oils) had similarly strong effects. The authors do not comment on the presumed mechanism for this effect, though they suggest that the difference in results between the different oils (some of which were found to be stimulating, some sedative) is related to the "different chemical structures of the compounds…and functional groups…indicating the essential role of the volatility of the fragrance compounds and its bioavailability." The differences in bioavailability are ascribed to different levels of lipophilia, with the more lipophilic oils producing the most sedative effects. The researchers also found significant plasma levels of the fragrance compounds after inhalation, suggesting that the effects of aromatherapy result from a direct pharmacological interaction rather than an indirect central nervous system relay.
Other studies have investigated the effects of aromatherapy on rats' behavioral and immunological responses to painful, stressful, or startling stimuli. In two European studies, rats exposed to pleasant odors during painful stimuli exhibited decreased pain-related behaviors, with some variation in response between the sexes.[5,6] Two studies from Japan showed an improvement in immunological and behavioral markers in rats exposed to fragrances while under stressful conditions.[7,8]
No studies in the published peer-reviewed literature discuss aromatherapy as a treatment for people with cancer. The studies discussed below, most of which were conducted in patients with cancer, primarily focus on other health-related conditions and on quality of life measures such as stress and anxiety levels.
Among the fewest articles published on the subject are clinical trials involving aromatherapy. A major review published in 2000 [1] focused on six studies investigating treatment or prevention of anxiety with aromatherapy massage. Although the studies suggested that aromatherapy massage had a mild transient anxiolytic effect, the authors concluded that the research done at that time was not sufficiently rigorous or consistent to prove the effectiveness of aromatherapy in treating anxiety. This review excluded trials related to other effects of aromatherapy (such as pain control) and did not include any studies looking at the effects of odors that were not specifically labeled as aromatherapy.
Several of the studies included in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews are discussed in more detail. A randomized controlled pilot study examined the effects of adjunctive aromatherapy massage on mood, quality of life, and physical symptoms in patients with cancer.[2] Forty-six patients were randomly assigned to conventional day care alone or day care plus weekly aromatherapy massage using a standardized blend of oils for 4 weeks. Patients self-rated their mood, quality of life, and the intensity of the two symptoms that were the most concerning to them at the beginning of the study and at weekly intervals thereafter. Of the 46 patients, only 11 of 23 (48%) in the aromatherapy group and 18 of 23 (78%) in the control group completed all of the 4 weeks. Patient-reported mood, symptoms, and quality of life improved in both groups, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in any of these measures.
Another randomized controlled trial examined the effects of aromatherapy massage and massage alone on 42 patients with advanced cancer over a 4-week period.[3] Patients were randomly assigned to receive weekly massages with or without aromatherapy; the treatment group (aromatherapy group) received massages with lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia Miller [synonyms: Lavandula spicata L.; Lavandula vera DC.]) and an inert carrier oil, and the control group (massage group) received either an inert carrier oil alone or no intervention. The authors reported no significant long-term benefits of aromatherapy or massage in pain control, quality of life, or anxiety, but sleep scores (as measured by the Verran and Snyder-Halpern sleep scale) improved significantly in both groups. The authors also reported statistically significant reductions in depression scores (as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) in the massage-only group.
A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial conducted in Australia investigated the effects of inhalation aromatherapy on anxiety during radiation therapy.[4] A total of 313 patients receiving radiation therapy were randomly assigned to one of three groups: carrier oil with fractionated oils, carrier oil only, or pure essential oils of lavender, bergamot (Citrus aurantium L. ssp. bergamia [Risso] Wright & Arn. [Rutaceae]; [synonym: Citrus bergamia Risso]), and cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica [Endl.] Manetti ex Carriere [Pinaceae]). All three groups received the oils by inhalation during their radiation therapy. The authors reported no significant differences in depression (as measured by HADS) or psychological effects (as measured by the Somatic and Psychological Health Report) between the groups. The group that received only the carrier oil showed a statistically significant decrease in anxiety (as measured by HADS) compared with the other two groups.
Another randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of massage or aromatherapy massage in 103 cancer patients who were randomly assigned to receive massage using a carrier oil (massage group) or massage using a carrier oil plus the Roman chamomile essential oil (Chamaemelum nobile [L.] All. [synonym: Anthemis nobilis L.]) (aromatherapy massage group).[5] Two weeks after the massage, the authors found a statistically significant reduction in anxiety in the aromatherapy massage group (as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and an improvement in symptoms (as measured by the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist [RSCL]; the subscales with improved scores were psychological, quality of life, severe physical, and severe psychological). The authors reported that the massage-only group showed improvement on four RSCL subscales; however, these improvements did not reach statistical significance.
In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of bergamot inhalation aromatherapy compared with a pleasant smelling shampoo that did not contain essential oils, administered around the time of stem cell infusion in 37 children and adolescents undergoing stem cell transplant, aromatherapy was not found to be beneficial in reducing nausea, anxiety, or pain. As administered in this study, bergamot inhalation aromatherapy may have contributed to persistent anxiety following the infusion of stem cells. Although no more effective than placebo, parents receiving aromatherapy showed a significant decrease in their transitory anxiety during the period between the completion of their child's infusion and 1 hour following infusion. Nausea and pain subsided over the course of the intervention for all children, though nausea remained significantly greater in patients receiving aromatherapy. These findings suggest that the diffusion of bergamot essential oil may not provide suitable anxiolytic and antiemetic effects among children and adolescents undergoing stem cell transplantation. The double blinding of the trial may explain the results, as single-blinded or nonblinded trials in general supported the aromatherapy intervention.[6]
A similar study evaluated the efficacy of an aromatherapy intervention for reduction of symptom intensity of nausea, retching, and/or coughing among adult patients receiving stem cells preserved in dimethyl sulfoxide. The study found that an intervention of tasting or sniffing sliced oranges was more effective at reducing symptom intensity than an orange essential oil inhalation aromatherapy.[7]
A study whose primary objective was evaluating an aromatherapy service following changes made after an initial pilot at a U.K. cancer center also reported on the experiences of patients referred to the service.[8] Of 89 patients originally referred, 58 completed six aromatherapy sessions. The authors reported significant improvements in anxiety and depression (as measured by HADS) at the completion of the six sessions, as compared with before the six sessions. A small study examined the physical and psychological effects of aromatherapy massage in eight patients with primary malignant brain tumors attending their first follow-up appointment after radiation therapy.[9] The author reported no psychological benefit in these patients from aromatherapy massage (as measured by HADS) but reported a statistically significant reduction in blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate.
Antibiotic -resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin -resistant enterococcus, are an increasing problem worldwide, causing intractable wound infections. Compounded phytochemicals, such as lemongrass, eucalyptus, melaleuca, clove, thyme with butylated hydroxyl toluene, triclosan (0.3%), and 95 undenatured ethanol (69.7%) are being investigated against MRSA in vitro. No clinical trials have been performed.[10]
Two topical MRSA eradication regimens were compared in hospital patients. A standard treatment, which included mupirocin 2% nasal ointment, chlorhexidine gluconate 4% soap, and silver sulfadiazine 1% cream was given versus a tea tree oil regimen, which included tea tree 10% cream and tea tree 5% body wash. Both were administered for 5 days. One hundred fourteen patients received the standard treatment, and 56 (49%) were cleared of MRSA carriage. One hundred ten patients received the tea tree oil regimen, and 46 (41%) were cleared of MRSA carriage. In a small group of patients, the tea tree oil regimen was associated with a higher clearance rate of MRSA carriage in the axilla, groin, and wound sites, but the difference versus standard treatment was not significant.[11]
Current Clinical Trials
Check NCI's list of cancer clinical trials for cancer CAM clinical trials on aromatherapy and essential oils that are actively enrolling patients.
General information about clinical trials is also available from the NCI Web site.
Safety testing on essential oils has shown minimal adverse effects. Several oils have been approved for use as food additives and are classified as GRAS (generally recognized as safe) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration; however, ingestion of large amounts of essential oils is not recommended. In addition, a few cases of contact dermatitis have been reported, mostly in aromatherapists who have had prolonged skin contact with oils in the context of aromatherapy massage.[1] Some essential oils (e.g., camphor oil) can cause local irritation; therefore, care should be taken when applying them. Phototoxicity has occurred when essential oils (particularly citrus oils) are applied directly to the skin before sun exposure. One case report also showed airborne contact dermatitis in the context of inhaled aromatherapy without massage.[2] Often, aromatherapy uses undefined mixtures of essential oils without specifying the plant sources. Allergic reactions are sometimes reported, especially following topical administration. As essential oils age, they are often oxidized so the chemical composition changes. Individual psychological associations with odors may result in adverse responses. Repeated exposure to lavender and tea tree oils by topical administration was shown in one study to be associated with reversible prepubertal gynecomastia.[3] The effects appear to have been caused by the purported weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities of lavender and tea tree oils. Therefore, avoiding these two essential oils is recommended in patients with estrogen -dependant tumors. However, this is the first published report of this type of adverse effect when using products containing tea tree or lavender oils.
To assist readers in evaluating the results of human studies of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments for people with cancer, the strength of the evidence (i.e., the levels of evidence) associated with each type of treatment is provided whenever possible. To qualify for a level of evidence analysis, a study must:
Separate levels of evidence scores are assigned to qualifying human studies on the basis of statistical strength of the study design and scientific strength of the treatment outcomes (i.e., endpoints) measured. The resulting two scores are then combined to produce an overall score. A table showing the levels of evidence scores for qualifying human studies cited in this summary is presented below. For an explanation of the scores and additional information about levels of evidence analysis of CAM treatments for people with cancer, refer to Levels of Evidence for Human Studies of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.
Editorial changes were made to this summary.
This summary is written and maintained by the PDQ Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of NCI. The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or NIH. More information about summary policies and the role of the PDQ Editorial Boards in maintaining the PDQ summaries can be found on the About This PDQ Summary and PDQ NCI's Comprehensive Cancer Database pages.
Purpose of This Summary
This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the use of aromatherapy and essential oils in the treatment of people with cancer. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions.
Reviewers and Updates
This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Board members review recently published articles each month to determine whether an article should:
Changes to the summaries are made through a consensus process in which Board members evaluate the strength of the evidence in the published articles and determine how the article should be included in the summary.
The lead reviewers for Aromatherapy and Essential Oils are:
Any comments or questions about the summary content should be submitted to Cancer.gov through the Web site's Contact Form. Do not contact the individual Board Members with questions or comments about the summaries. Board members will not respond to individual inquiries.
Levels of Evidence
Some of the reference citations in this summary are accompanied by a level-of-evidence designation. These designations are intended to help readers assess the strength of the evidence supporting the use of specific interventions or approaches. The PDQ Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine Editorial Board uses a formal evidence ranking system in developing its level-of-evidence designations.
Permission to Use This Summary
PDQ is a registered trademark. Although the content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text, it cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless it is presented in its entirety and is regularly updated. However, an author would be permitted to write a sentence such as "NCI's PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks succinctly: [include excerpt from the summary]."
The preferred citation for this PDQ summary is:
National Cancer Institute: PDQ® Aromatherapy and Essential Oils. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Date last modified <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/aromatherapy/healthprofessional. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>.
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Last Revised: 2012-08-10
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Metallica Tie Dye Print T-Shirt
Metallica Tie Dye Print T-Shirt
Pay in 4 Easy Payments
Klarna enables you to order now and pay in 4 easy payments, every two weeks. Interest free.
How does Klarna work?
- Add your items to your bag and go to the checkout
- Select Klarna as a payment option (for orders over $35) - no need to create a Klarna account.
- Place your order and you're done! Klarna will automatically collect 4 payments from your debit or credit card.
What you need to get started:
- A US bank account
- Be 18 years of age or older
- A US residential address
Style Notes
T-shirts and vests are the power players in every man's wardrobe
This season the dream team in male dressing gets daring with t-shirts and vests taking on poppin' paisley prints and sporty slogans to keep you enviably on-trend. Vests come in versatile block colours for building your perfect look and polos in polished prints, while back to nature animal motifs are the new trend to try. Pair your printed tee with skinny jeans and suede desert boots to take you from day to night in style.
Details & Care52% Cotton, 48% Acrylic. Colour Block Knitted T-Shirt. Model is 6'1" and Wears UK Size M.
Shipping info
Shipping option Shipping times Shipping cost USA Standard Shipping Up to 7 business days $8.99 per order USA Express Shipping 2 - 3 business days $15.99 per order
Click here for further information.
We'll cover duty costs on all orders. Additional taxes may apply according to local legislation.
Returns info
We hope you are satisfied with all of your purchases but if you ever need to return an item, you can do so within 28 days from the date of delivery.
Please note, we cannot offer refunds on cosmetics and pierced jewelry or on swimwear and lingerie if the hygiene seal is not in place or has been broken.
Click here to view our full Returns Policy.


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Reservation Quote
Terms and Conditions
- Office hours are 9 to 5:00 Monday to Saturday. After hours check-ins are at Madeira Bay Resort at 13235 Gulf Blvd., Madeira Beach (727) 393-2534. Phones are answered 24 hours 7 days a week.
- Keys are to be picked up and returned at 13030 Gulf Blvd., Madeira Beach. Lost keys or keys not returned to the office will result in a $35.00 service charge for each key. If an agent has to meet you after hours to unlock your unit due to lost keys, there will be a charge of $40.00 charged to your credit card. Please notify Agent of late arrival to arrange your keys.
- Rental occupancy is not to exceed the accommodation limit for that unit. Exceeding the accommodation limit can result in additional charges or you may be asked to leave the premises.
- Guest is responsible for the cost of all damages or missing items resulting from guest's actions.
- We cannot guarantee appliances, heating and air conditioning, weather, etc., and no refund or rate adjustment will be made for mechanical failure or acts of nature. We make every effort to keep appliances, etc., in good working order and in case of breakdown; we guarantee we will repair the breakdown as soon as possible. Report all repairs to Agency. Agency will arrange repairs. Agent and Owner reserve the right to enter the premises for repairs and inspections.
- Parking is complimentary. Parking permit must be displayed at all times. Condo parking is limited to one car per unit (no motor homes, boats, motorcycles, trailers or recreational vehicles).
- Departure procedure: Guest should assist in cleanup by providing the following prior to check out to avoid extra charges: place trash in outside receptacles, wash and replace dishes, close all windows, set air conditioning to 80 degrees. Lock doors and return keys to rental office.
- Guest fully understands that TRS is a rental agency engaging in the rental of privately owned property of others. TRS represents the property owner. This agency reserves the right to refuse service to anyone this agency feels will not be responsible for the property they are renting. This agency and the property owner are not responsible for the loss or theft of any personal items or liable for any accident or injury of any nature. This agency reserves the right to move any reservation due to unforeseen circumstances (sold, out of the rental system, owner's use, act of God, etc.) Under no circumstances is the obligation of this agency greater than refunding the guest's reservation deposit. TRS may provide guest with substitute comparable accommodations for the same period without liability for the breach of contract.
- The rental may not be sublet or this agreement assigned without the written consent of the Agent.
- Guest agrees to take all responsible steps that members of his/her family and other occupants adhere to the rules and regulations of the Condominium Association, if applicable.
- One or more locked closets are reserved for storage of owner's property and are not included in this rental.
- If guest or member of his/her party violates any of the conditions or arrangements in this contract, agent may terminate this contract, enter the premises by force or by statutory proceeding and remove guest from premises without refund.
- Your account will be adjusted for damages, extraordinary cleaning that might be necessary, laundry service beyond normal usage, long distance phone calls, or other warranted charges.
- Guest acknowledges that he/she has carefully read the limitations on the rental by Owner and Agent as set forth in this agreement, and agrees to abide by such limitations. ____
|$77 to $137
|Indian Shores
|Max Occupancy
- Swimming Pool
- Spa/Jacuzzi
- Balcony or Deck
- Boat Dock
- Exercise Facilities
- King Bed


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The 2018 Ford Mustang has a muscular look and amped up power. At first glance, you'll notice the 2018 Mustang has a more aggressive front clip featuring standard LED headlights, LED fog lights available, and a lower hood. Reconfigured LED tail lights and rear fascia are met by the addition of quad exhaust tips on the GT model. New paint colors, four spoilers, new stripe options, several wheel choices and more make customization easy and exciting.
The mid-cycle update brings new sheet metal from the A-pillar forward. The headlights are smaller than the ones on the previous model and each headlight has three short strips of LED daytime running lights. It's a modern interpretation of one of the original Mustang's defining styling cues that cleverly provides the 2018 model with a new lighting signature. A redesigned bumper, a lower hood, and horizontal turn signals round out the updates up front. Inside the cabin, the 2018 Mustang highlights a new and customizable 12.0-inch digital instrument cluster with Track Apps. Enjoy a heated leather steering wheel and luxurious surfaces while you drive around Raleigh, NC.
Drivetrain revisions include the dismissal of the V-6 engine and additional power added to the 2.3-liter EcoBoost I-4 and 5.0-liter Coyote V-8. Expect better fuel mileage and more power as a result. The six-speed manual has been updated for both engines while the previously available six-speed automatic has been replaced by an all-new 10-speed automatic.
How do you know if the 2018 Ford Mustang is the car for you?
Schedule your test drive of the 2018 Ford Mustang today! We can't wait to see you at Capital Ford Raleigh in Raleigh, NC!View Inventory Get Financing Test Drive
|Starting MSRP*
|21/31 City/Hwy
|6-speaker sound system, AM/FM Stereo with single CD


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LLDPE for windling
According to the special nature of the wrapping film, its performance does not change with the changes of the seasons. Therefore, it is the most film with a packaging effect. The high cold resistance...
LLDPE shenzhen Shuanyuan Packaging canton fair
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LLDPE jumbo roll for wrap
Shenzhen Shuangyuan Packaging Material Co.ltd 10MIC*43kg*500MM as customer requirement. the packaging way as


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Our objective is to do a few things very well. Primarily, to serve the best Steak Dinner at an affordable price. Restaurants that try to be all things to all people, seldom do anything exceptionally well.
HOURS OF OPERATION Monday - Friday: Lunch: 11-2, Dinner: 5-9 | Saturday & Sunday: Open all day: 11-9


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"What's killing the bees? —my question has shifted more towards, "Good lord, what doesn't kill bees"
"…Colony Collapse Disorder is a problem. But it isn't the problem. Instead, it's just a great big insult piled on top of an already rising injury rate. Saving the honeybee isn't just about figuring out CCD. Bees were already in trouble before that came along. "


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Regarding (Ex-boyfriend killed with hatchet during assault, Jan. 13, amarillo.com), for crying out loud, what is the Amarillo Globe-News thinking?
A bunch of us do not enjoy opening the morning paper and reading - on the front page, at that - in huge, bold letters a story about someone being killed with a hatchet.
That sort of thing makes me sick.
There is good news out there. Please find it.
Annis M. Patton


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my pledge in the form of a project
- < wordless wednesday
- | main |
- five years >
people who follow me on instagram or twitter have seen this week's project in progress. i'm getting a bunch of questions and i'm finding it hard to answer. so, i thought i'd try to write it all down here.
this year was a huge year for us. we moved 2000 miles and started over. it was easier than i would've ever imagined. i made some lovely new friends and found myself involved in a whole new community. i've had many great opportunities present themselves over this past year. shawn's busy as can be and we're both planning big things for next year. we love our little house. we love living in portland. we love exploring oregon. its been amazing. really and truly.
but even with all the good, i had itchy feelings in december. even with all signs pointing to awesomeness, i was questioning everything. i was feeling overworked. i wasn't taking the best care of myself or getting enough sleep. all of this made matters worse. it turned into a pity party of epic proportions. this button, which i own, sums it up perfectly:
so, we took a much needed vacation. i caught up on my sleep. i cooked and ate delicious food. i drank a bit. i sat by the fire. i finished two embroidery projects - which was totally enjoyable. one night, while browsing pinterest or somewhere i scrolled past a picture of a person's signed pledge to believe that anything was possible in 2012. i thought it was lovely but didn't give it much thought at the time.
the next morning i woke up KNOWING what i wanted to do next. it was crazy but i needed to do it. so, i sat down with my laptop and made this:
i made a list of people. i wished the supplies i needed to get started were with me at the beach, instead of at home. they weren't. it would have to wait. but while the idea rattled around my head, i got more excited. i added more names to the list. almost immediately upon our arrival home, i got to work.
i ironed and cut the fabric. i printed the pattern out and traced it onto the fabric using this and this. then i got to work stitching, thinking about the list of people as i worked. the list of people has grown to the point that i've realized that i'll never get them all done before new years but that's ok. i think anyone who receives one will understand - my intentions were good.
the list of people? friends who are starting new careers in 2012, friends who are getting serious about their careers. friends who are ending relationships, starting new ones or are at a crossroads. friends who had a really bad 2011 and friends who had a good 2011. internet friends and maybe one or two virtual strangers. its a pretty random list - with people from all the corners of my life.
so, the first batch is ready to send. the second batch begins when i return from the post office. i'm already excited. everything is possible in 2012. i just know it.
if you need a little extra mojo for 2012 and want to make your own or one for a friend, you can! click here for the image. please let me know if you do!
- < wordless wednesday
- | main |
- five years >
These are gorgeous! And so appropriate. I might have to do one next month. Last year was rough to say the least... 2012 is going to be where it's at!!
xoxoxo from chicagoooo
THIS IS AWESOME. Wait. I just realized there is a small chance this has to do with a recent address request. OMG.
Hi! I saw your photo of these awesome little inspirations on Pinterest and had to come and comment! I do not know how sew to save my life...thank God my hubby took Home Ec as a teen or we would have no buttons on our clothing...but I am in love with these and in need of one BIG TIME! Would you be willing to do a sew and sell on one? Pretty Please! :)
Yet another reason why I miss you so much.
yay! i am glad we made it to the end of the year; this holiday season was a rough one. it seemed like we were mostly in some sort of zombie mode in the last 2 months (or maybe 4). 2011 wasn't as awful for me as 2009 and 2010, but i am not so sad to see it go. my sincere hope is that we (i) finally learn the lessons that have been kicking us in the butt for so long. it takes courage to accept the changes and the challenges and opportunities that come with all of that world. i think that it is possible. i know that it is possible. you rock, lady! i am glad you moved here. i hope pdx continues to provide what you need, and i am not just saying that because i like your pie.
This is awesome and you are awesome!
I'm so glad we met through the craft world. 2011 was a rough one, and this is really inspiring. I've found a ton of relaxation through making embroidered/cross stitched gifts for my friends...it's kind of a throw back to the old days, where you could make things just for fun!
Love ya, and keep going sister!


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State prosecutors in Miami-Dade County have launched an investigation into the now-closed clinic at the center of Major League Baseball's latest substance abuse controversy.
Ed Griffith, a spokesman for Miami-Dade State Attorney Katherine Fernandez Rundle, would not characterize the scope of the probe, but said Monday that it involved potential violations of state law.
"A subpoena was issued for documents, and we are looking into several areas of state interest," Griffith said.
Existence of the state prosecutors' criminal subpoena was disclosed at a recent hearing in MLB's lawsuit in Miami against Biogenesis of America, an anti-aging clinic formerly located in Coral Gables. That suit is also pending in Miami-Dade County court. It's not known whom the subpoena targeted or what specific documents are being sought.
MLB sued the clinic and its former chief, Anthony Bosch, claiming it helped players such as Ryan Braun, Alex Rodriguez and others violate contract provisions against performance-enhancing drugs. Rodriguez was among 14 players penalized by MLB this year following the sport's investigation of Biogenesis.
The New York Yankees third baseman and Bosch both appeared at a hearing in New York Monday, as the grievance to overturn Rodriguez's 211-game suspension began before arbitrator Fredric Horowitz.
Rodriguez was wearing a business suit and accompanied by lawyers when he arrived for the session at MLB's headquarters in Midtown Manhattan.
A three-time American League MVP, Rodriguez was suspended Aug. 5 for alleged violations of baseball's drug agreement and labor contract. Because he's a first offender under the drug program and the players' association filed a grievance to force an appeal, a suspension can't start until it is upheld by an arbitrator.
The union argues the discipline is without just cause and is excessive. If the case doesn't settle, a decision by Horowitz is expected this winter.
The other players penalized by baseball accepted their penalties, including former National League MVP Braun, who missed the season's final 65 games.
Bosch was at the hearing to testify – a publicist released a photo of him in a hallway outside MLB's conference rooms.
A federal probe involves the sources of drugs the clinic is accused of selling to players.
More South Florida Sports Stories:
- Former Miami QB Kosar Arrested on DUI Charges
- LeBron: 'I Want To Be The Greatest'
- Marlins Selling Unused No-Hitter Tickets


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The city's planned crackdown on super-sized sugary drinks got prominent backing Tuesday from Weight Watchers, Jenny Craig and other diet companies, who added their influence to the campaign ahead of a vote next week.
The announcement - made at a press conference featuring Mayor Michael Bloomberg and a top Weight Watchers official - was the latest in a volley of statements of support for both advocates and critics of the plan, which calls for restaurants, movie theaters, sports arenas, food carts and delis to stop selling sodas and other sugary drinks in servings larger than 16 ounces.
Bloomberg and other proponents call it a sensible way to encourage people to cut calories. Opponents see it as government overreaching and question its effectiveness.
To the diet groups, it's a tool that fits with their approach to making healthy eating easier.
"Today, we live in a world where despite our best intentions, it's oftentimes very difficult on your own to make the healthy choice," said David Burwick, president of Weight Watchers North America. "We all need to take more personal responsibility for our own weight and eating habits, but it helps to remember what a healthy portion size is in a world where super-size portions have become the norm."
The proposal is set for a Sept. 13 vote at the city Board of Health, whose members are appointed by Bloomberg. If approved, it would take effect as early as March.
Bloomberg has been the leading advocate for the plan, which follows other efforts to spur New Yorkers to mind what they eat. During his 11-year tenure, the city has barred artificial trans fats from food served in restaurants and compelled chain restaurants to post calorie counts on menus.
Still, the city spends roughly $4 billion a year on weight-related health problems, the mayor says. He sees limiting the serving size of sugary drinks as a meaningful step - but not an inflexible order - to keep people from downing calories they might not even think about.
"Nobody is restricting the amount of sodas you can buy or the amount of sodas you can drink," he said, noting that people would be free to purchase multiple 16-ounce cups or bottles if they liked. "It is simply using portion control to point out to you ... how many calories you are consuming."
Along with Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig, the creator of the South Beach Diet, the founder of The Best Life and other diet experts expressed their support. City Hall also has released a roster of kudos from people including physicians, elected officials, chef Jamie Oliver and filmmaker Spike Lee.
Critics, too, are counting their ranks.
An opposition group called New Yorkers for Beverage Choices said it has the backing of more than 2,000 businesses and 201,000 people. A New York Times poll last month showed that six in 10 New Yorkers opposed the plan.
Opponents say the city is overstepping its authority and infringing on personal freedom. And they call the diet companies' stance inconsistent with their own emphasis on letting people make food choices, rather than absolute limits.
"Restrictions and bans will do nothing to address the very complex issue of obesity," New Yorkers for Beverage Choices said in a statement Tuesday. "New Yorkers are smart enough to make their own decisions."
Some City Council members support the proposal; others have criticized it. Regardless, it isn't scheduled to come before them for a vote.
The rule wouldn't apply to lower-calorie drinks, such as water or diet soda, nor to alcoholic beverages or drinks that are more than half milk or 70 percent juice.
Follow Jennifer Peltz at https://twitter.com/jennpeltz .