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Explainer: On the ground in the Middle East
Since mid-December, the Arab world has been rocked by popular uprisings that led to the exile of the president of Tunisia and the ouster of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. The Middle East – and the rest of the world – is watching to see if anger at authoritarian governments spreads and whether the region will be reshaped by the demands of ordinary citizens. Here is a look at the current political situation in countries in the region.
Leader: President Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Politics on the ground: Algeria is a Republic and multi-party state with a bicameral parliament. But shortly after independence in 1962 the country experienced a coup, and a long series of power plays that undermined the political process and sparked a militant Islamist insurgency. In the 1990s, terrorist violence in Algeria caused more than 150,000 deaths. President Bouteflika took office in 1999, and has been relected twice, albeit through flawed elections. He has vastly improved security in Algeria. But he also changed the constitution to eliminate term limits—a way to hold onto power until death. Political discontent, along with high unemployment and economic stagnation fueled recent unrest. Amid growing protest, Bouteflika vows that the country's restrictive "state of emergency" dating to 1992 would be lifted in the "very near future."
Leader: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, monarch since 1999
Politics on the ground: Tens of thousands of protesters flood the capital, demonstrating against the monarchy as the king makes another concession — a promise to release some political prisoners. The Khalifa family has ruled since 1783 and Khalifa is set to be followed by his son, Crown Prince Sheikh Salman bin Hamad al-Khalifa. The government regularly cracks down on Shiite opposition groups, and youth in Shiite villages often clash with police. (Source: Reuters)
U.S. interests: The Persian Gulf island nation provides a key naval base for the U.S. Navy's Fifth Fleet. A 1991 agreement also grants U.S. forces access to Bahraini facilities during future crises and the ability to pre-position materials. Bahrain is also an important U.S. listening post for Iran.
More details: BBC
Leader: President Hosni Mubarak
Politics on the ground: Mubarak resigned as president and handed control to the military, bowing down after a historic 18-day wave of pro-democracy demonstrations by hundreds of thousands. Egypt's military rulers swear in a new Cabinet that replaces several Mubarak-era ministers.
U.S. interests: An important military and security partner, a role that grew out of Egypt's 1979 Peace Treaty with Israel. The U.S. provides massive military and economic aid. Egypt hosts military exercises and regular visits by the U.S. 6th fleet. It also controls the Suez Canal, a key conduit for military and trade vessels between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.
More information: Council on Foreign Relations
Leader: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, re-elected president in 2009
Politics on the ground: Supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei saluted an "Islamic liberation movement" in the Arab world and advised Egyptians to unite around their religion and against the West. Khamenei warned them against compromising with any leader who might win Western approval and called on Egypt's army to back the protesters and "focus its eyes on the Zionist enemy" Israel. Ahmadinejad has maintained political control with a crackdown on the opposition, which took to the streets to challenge his 2009 re-election.(Source: Reuters, BBC and AP)
U.S. interests: Iran is notable for its large size and population, central location in the region and large oil reserves. U.S.-Iran ties have been rocky since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, which ousted Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi, then the strongest U.S. ally in the region. The ensuing hostage crisis — in which U.S. diplomats were held by radical Islamic students -- led to a break in diplomatic relations, which have not been restored. U.S. and many allies maintain economic sanctions on Iran for sponsorship of terrorism, nuclear weapons ambitions and human rights abuses, all accusations that Iran denies. Iran does not recognize Israel's right to exist, and the tension between Iran and Israel is a threat to regional stability.
More information: BBC
Leader: Nuri al-Maliki, prime minister since 2006
Politics on the ground: Maliki struggled to control a fractious government forged of fragile alliances. But in the last two years he has emerged stronger after sending the army to fight Shiite militias and presiding over a sharp fall in overall violence. Still, Maliki has turned many former allies into foes. He bristled at criticism in 2007 from U.S. lawmakers and has difficult relations with some U.S. military officials in Iraq. He harbors evident hatred of the Saddam regime, which repressed Iraq's Shiite majority and assassinated many of his political colleagues. Many Sunnis fear Maliki has little interest in giving them a fair share of power.
(Source: Reuters)
U.S. interests: Eight years after the start of the Iraq war, the United States still has about 50,000 troops in the country assigned to non-combat operations, with plans to remove them by December 2011. U.S. and Iraqi forces have made strides against al-Qaida in Iraq, and the U.S. also has an interest in countering the influence of Iran.
More information: Reuters
Leader: Benjamin Netayahu, second term as prime minister since 2009
Politics on the ground: The tumult in Egypt has plunged Israel into dismay, arousing fears that Islamic radicals, backed by Iran, are about to score another victory, as Hezbollah has done in Lebanon and Hamas in Gaza — even though the anti-government protesters in Egypt are led by secular activists. Until the picture clears, Netanyahu is unlikely to rush into a deal with the Palestinians that creates even more uncertainty on his doorstep by turning over territory to Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas. (Source: AP)
U.S. interests: Much of the anti-American feeling in the Mideast stems from the United States' long-standing "special relationship" with Israel, which receives about $3 billion a year in U.S. assistance. President Obama has said that Arab-Israeli peace is a "vital national security interest" to the United States.
More information: BBC
Leader: King Abdullah II, monarch since 1999
Politics on the ground: Jordan's powerful Muslim Brotherhood vowed to resume protests, saying that the government did not keep a promise of speedy reforms. The announcement puts added pressure on Jordan's King Abdullah II to give up some of his sweeping powers, but is not seen as a threat to his rule. Opposition figures have called on the king to surrender the authority to appoint Cabinets and dissolve parliament. (Source: AP)
U.S. interests: The government of Jordan has been consistently pro-Western with close ties to the United States. Since the 2003 fall of the Iraqi regime, Jordan aided the U.S. effort to restore stability there by allowing the training of more than 50,000 Iraqi police officers in a facility near Amman. In 1994, Jordan signed a peace treaty with Israel, and is engaged in talks on a wide range of issues, including water sharing, finance and security.
More information: Council on Foreign Relations
Leader: Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmed al-Jaber al-Sabah, emir since 2006
Politics on the ground: The ruling family is struggling to keep balance among the Islamist, tribal and liberal members of the National Assembly. Kuwait is home to the region's most outspoken parliament. Recently, the competition between the executive and legislative branches of government has become more pronounced: Five governments have resigned, a sixth underwent a major reshuffle and the dissolution of parliament has become a regular feature of the political scene. However, Kuwaitis, which represent a third of the population, are loyal to the 255-year-old Sabah dynasty. (Source: Reuters and Jane's Information Group)
U.S. interests: The United States went to war in the Gulf in 1991 after Iraq seized Kuwait. The U.S.-Kuwaiti relationship has remained strong since then, and Kuwait was the main staging area for U.S. troops before the start of the Iraq war in 2003. The U.S. maintains troops at Camp Arifjan south of Kuwait City.
More information: Jane's Information Group
Leader: Gen. Michel Suleiman, president since May 2008
Politics on the ground: Lebanon's political landscape is divided between the Western-backed government and the Hezbollah-led opposition, which receives support from Iran and Syria. The U.S. considers Hezbollah, a Pro-Syrian Shiite political party, to be a terrorist organization. Lebanon has struggled to stay stable, particularly after a 2006 war with Israel. In January, Hezbollah forced the collapse of the government and had its nominee, Najib Mikati, appointed as prime minister to form the next government. (Source: BBC)
U.S. interests: With the collapse of a coalition government in January, the United States is concerned about the rise of Hezbollah and resurgent Syrian influence.
More information: Council on Foreign Relations
Leader: Moammar Gadhafi (de facto head of state)
Politics on the ground: Moammar Gadhafi seized power by coup in 1967, supplanting a Western-backed constitutional monarchy, and proclaiming the new Libyan Arab Republic. Although Gadhafi gave up formal leadership titles — the official press refers to him as "Brother Leader and Guide of the Revolution" — he is said to wield almost complete authority, either directly or through manipulation of Libya's socialist-style committees. The government controls the media and the judiciary and there is no right to a fair public trial. Political parties and trade unions are banned. Freedom of speech, press, assembly, association and religion are restricted. Although oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, the government's mismanagement of the economy has led to high inflation and increased import prices, fueling discontent.
U.S. interests: Since the 1990s, Libya has been changing from a U.S. adversary on the Mediterranean Basin — subject to international sanctions — to a potential partner in counterterror, nuclear nonproliferation and energy development. After the 9/11 attacks on the United States, the warming trend has accelerated. Gadhafi — who has also been a target for Islamist extremists — rushed to become a partner in the U.S. war on terrorism, and distanced Libya from its own past as a sponsor of such acts of political violence. Libya also renounced its pursuit of nuclear weapons, leading the U.S. to restore diplomatic ties. Libya has nearly 44 billion barrels in proven oil reserves, and probably much more. Since U.S. and U.N. sanctions were lifted, major oil companies from the U.S. and elsewhere have started investing in the sector.
Leader: King Mohammed IV
Politics on the ground: Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The monarch holds vast executive powers, including the ability to dissolve parliament at will. Executive power is exercised by the government but more importantly by the king himself. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. The king can also issue decrees that have the force of law. The current monarch, King Mohammed IV, 47, succeeded his father King Hassan, who died in 1999 after 38 years on the throne.
U.S. Interests: One of the oldest and closest U.S. allies in the region and a moderate Arab state in a strategic location between northern Africa and Europe. Morocco was quick to condemn the Sept. 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States has been a solid ally in counterterror efforts.
Leader: Qaboos bin Said, monarch since 1970
Politics on the ground: Qaboos has absolute power and appoints the Cabinet. In 1992, Qaboos allowed a parliament called Majlis Shura, whose 84 members are elected by constituents in 61 districts. But the parliament only advises and has no legislative powers. There is concern about succession, as there is no heir apparent. In January, protesters marched in Muscat asking the government to stop corruption and address rising prices. Young Omanis called for political change. (Source: Reuters and The New York Times)
U.S. interests: Since 1980, the United States has had access to Omani military facilities.
More details: BBC
Palestinian territories
Leader: Mahmoud Abbas
Politics on the ground: Tension is high between the two Palestinian factions, Abbas' Fatah party and the militant Islamic movement Hamas. Abbas is seen as a moderate who has attempted to resurrect peace talks with Israel, while Hamas, which seized control of the Gaza Strip in 2007, has continued its campaign of anti-Israeli attacks. Israel in turn maintains a land, air and sea blockade of Gaza. (Source: BBC)
U.S. Interests: The United States has tried several times to broker peace between the Israelis and the Palestinians, and has provided support to the Palestinian Authority for security and counterterrorism efforts.
More information: Council on Foreign Relations
Leader: Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, emir since 1995
Politics on the ground: Domestic reform has been Sheikh Hamad's most noticeable weak point, and it is too soon to tell if his son, Tamim, heir apparent, will tackle this issue. Parliamentary elections have been continually postponed as the ruling family has refused to give up its monopoly on power. Qatar's 2005 constitution allows for only a partly elected parliament. The Al-Jazeera satellite TV station is based in Qatar and considered the most free and unfettered broadcast source in the Arab world. In practice, however, it rarely criticizes the ruling family. (Source: Reuters)
U.S. interests: The United States uses Al-Udeid Air Base, south of Doha, as headquarters for its air operations in the Middle East.
More information:U.S. Department of State
Saudi Arabia
Leader: Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz, monarch since 2005
Politics on the ground: The king, convalescing in Morocco, expressed support for Mubarak after the protests began. But Saudi newspapers have toned down the king's support of Mubarak after it became clear his grip on power was looking shaky. The world's largest oil exporter, which plays a pivotal role as banker for the Arab world and steward of Islam's holy sites, is coming under greater scrutiny since granting refuge to Tunisia's ousted ruler Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali. (Source: The Associated Press)
U.S. interests: Saudi Arabia is an ally of the United States, and the U.S. has relied on it as a force for stability in the region. The United States also considers it a partner in the war on terrorism, although Saudi Arabia has been accused of funding militant groups; the nations' relationship was strained during the investigation of the Sept. 11 attacks. Saudi Arabia is a leading supplier of oil for the United States.
More details: New York Times
Leader: Bashar al-Assad, president since 2000
Politics on the ground: Syrians are organizing campaigns on Facebook and Twitter that call for a "day of rage" in Damascus on Feb. 4 and 5, taking inspiration from Egypt and Tunisia. Like both nations, Syria suffers from corruption, poverty and unemployment. The nation has seen subsidy cuts for staples like bread and oil. The authoritarian president has resisted calls for political freedoms and jailed critics of his regime. He is seen by many Arabs, however, as one of the few leaders in the region willing to stand up to arch enemy Israel. (Source: AP)
U.S. interests: Relations with the U.S. remain cool, with American officials concerned about Syrian interference in Lebanon's affairs, human rights violations and its alleged pursuit of weapons of mass destruction.
More details: New York Times
Leader: Fouad Mebazaa, interim president
Politics on the ground: Tunisia is a constitutional republic, with a president serving as chief of state, prime minister as head of government, a bicameral legislature and a court system influenced by French civil law. While Tunisia is formally a democracy with a multiparty system, the secular Constitutional Democratic Rally, or RCD, has controlled the country as one of the most repressive regimes in the Arab World since its independence in 1956.
The 2009 elections, in which the RCD captured the most seats, were widely regarded as rigged and contributed to the unrest that ultimately forced President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali to give up power and flee the country. The Ministry of Interior officially announced the dissolution of the party on Feb 7. An interim government led by President Fouad Mebazaa is in place.
U.S. interests: Tunisia is an active military and security partner with the U.S. It is a voice of moderation and realism in the region, and was among the first Arab nations to call for recognition of Israel.
United Arab Emirates
Leader: Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al-Nahayan, president since 2004
Politics on the ground: Sheikh Khalifa, also the ruler of oil-rich Abu Dhabi, seat of the seven-emirate federation, is the second leader of the U.S.-allied Gulf state since it was founded in 1971. There are no organized opposition movements in the UAE, which censors many political Web sites and has cracked down on small attempts to protest this month against fuel subsidy cuts. Analysts and diplomats say Sheikh Khalifa has appeared more frail in public of late. (Source: Reuters)
More details: New York Times
Leader: Ali Abdullah Saleh, president since 1978
Politics on the ground: Saleh pledged not to seek another term in office in an apparent attempt to defuse protests inspired by Tunisia's revolt and the turmoil in Egypt. The impoverished country is wrestling with rebellion in the north and a secessionist movement in the south. Saleh's move posed questions about stability in a nation seen by the Obama administration as a key ally in its fight against Islamic militants. (Source: AP, Reuters)
U.S. interests: Yemen's government is a U.S. partner in counterterrorism, aiding military, diplomatic and financial actions to thwart terror groups. The U.S. and Yemen are waging a battle with an al-Qaida offshoot group in Yemen, which U.S. officials say has become a serious threat to the U.S.
More details: New York Times ; BBC


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By Kathy Fairweather
We live in an era where more and more children are disconnected from nature. The temptation of video games/social media and fear for children's safety has resulted in large numbers of children's lives becoming devoid of experience of the natural world.
According to a recent study, lack of connection to nature is not benign; there are costs to children's health: "attention difficulties, hyperactivity, childhood obesity, diminished use of senses, and disconnection from things that are real."(AFF, 2014) From the point of view of the future of our planet, this raises a different type of question: if children are spending most of their time indoors, especially in urban communities, how will they learn about and value nature? How will the next generation become stewards of the planet's resources? In order to develop new technologies which will deal with resource scarcity, pollution and global warming they need to not only receive comprehensive education about the natural world, but to also develop a passion for it.
There are some impressive innovative projects being developed at the moment, such as the solar array in Arizona, which heralds an unprecedented efficiency in solar-sourced electricity and which will fuel 230,000 homes at peak capacity.
However, unless we educate the future generations of the value of their natural environment, this kind of work will diminish, with dire consequences.
Schools need encouragement and resources to embrace environmental education; this need not be in addition to the existing lessons, as environmental topics could be incorporated into everyday lesson plans; teachers should also be encouraged to take some of the classes outdoors.
An integrated approach could be developed because many of the subject areas touch on the environment in some way.
Students need to be encouraged to understand how their actions affect local and global environments and to realise that it's possible to take personal responsibility and to become wise stewards of the very environment that sustains us.
It is environmental education which can best help us as individuals to make the complex connections between economic prosperity, benefits to society, environmental health, and our own wellbeing. As the Campaign of Environmental Literacy aptly write: "ultimately, the collective wisdom of our citizens, gained through education, will be the most compelling and most successful strategy for environmental management."
Furthermore, it's environmental education which provides critical tools for a 21st century workforce. Many business leaders believe that an environmentally literate workforce is critical to their success and profitability, with better environmental practices creating improved efficiencies. To be truly effective, this education needs to be part of the "lifelong learning programme" and needs to be encouraged for the widest array of audiences.


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It's been a futurist fever dream since at least 1939, when visitors to the General Motors pavilion at the New York World's Fair marveled at a glimpse of the automotive future: a miniaturized model of a city prowled by 50,000 robot cars, controlled not by human drivers but centralized radio waves.
That future may have been delayed a bit (the GM pavilion boldly predicted that humans would be out from behind the steering wheel by 1960) but it's no longer a utopian daydream or pulpish science fiction: Several car companies say they'll begin selling vehicles that can drive themselves — at least part of the time — by the end of this decade. And Florida will be right there at Ground Zero of the automotive revolution.
"We want to be the state that's ready for innovation," said Ananth Prasad, Florida's transportation secretary. "We want to be the state where entrepreneurs and great minds can come to try things, rather than the state that just says no."
One of just four states that permit experimental driverless vehicles to be driven on public roads, Florida has been the site of tests to see how their crash-averting sensors react to sudden and vicious thunderstorms. A section of Interstate 4 between Orlando and Tampa has already been equipped with transponders that feed the cars information about traffic and road conditions.
And when auto manufacturers and government officials from around the country held a summit last year to hammer out some of the legal and technological issues surrounding the vehicles, they chose Tampa, Fla., to host it.
During a car show accompanying the summit, Prasad — such an enthusiastic booster of the concept that he sits on the board of the national industry group Intelligent Transportation Society of America — took one of the prototypes out for a spin. Or, maybe, it took him.
"It felt a little odd, sitting there with my hands away from the wheel, on an interstate with people going by me at 70 miles an hour," he recalls. "But it wasn't scary or intimidating. Of course, obviously I was in a car full of Google engineers if anything went wrong."
Google, the Internet company that has been testing luxuriant Priuses and Lexuses festooned with radar, lasers, and video cameras that allow the vehicles to be driven by its software rather than humans, says it expects its "autonomous driving system" to be on the road by 2018.
Several car manufacturers are only slightly less optimistic. Nissan, Mercedes and Renault have all announced plans to market cars in 2020 that can drive themselves at least part of the time.
"A lot of people question whether we're going to see this in our lifetime," Prasad said. "I think they're going to be very, very surprised. … Autonomous vehicles are much, much closer than we think."
In fact, they're already here — kind of. Several of the key technologies in creating a full-blown driverless car have already been deployed. Some Mercedes-Benz models sold in Europe can be put on auto-pilot in low-speed traffic jams; taking cues from the vehicles ahead of them, they stop or go, speed up or slow down as traffic permits, while keeping themselves inside the lane.
Volvo equips some cars with a pedestrian protection system that hits the brakes hard if the car's radar spots a person in the street ahead. Even the lowly Ford Focus has a parallel-parking-assistance option that does all the maneuvering while the driver controls the accelerator and brakes and looks out for fire hydrants or no-parking signs.
"Automated driving, in a certain degree, already exists today," said Joachim Taiber, director of the International Center for Automotive Research at Clemson University. "You can already buy cars with collision avoidance systems, emergency braking system, lane-departure warnings.
"That's how we're going to arrive at what people most likely mean when they say 'driverless car' — a robot vehicle with nobody behind the wheel that functions on all roads under all conditions. That's not within reach in 10 years or probably even 20. Instead, we're going to move toward that in phases, and actually, we've already started."
The prospect of a truly and totally driverless world like the one to which Taiber refers can excite normally sober engineers into flights of both transcendental fancy and apocalyptic morbidity.
Surely many of the 31,000 Americans who die in traffic accidents each year would be saved if human drivers and their unfortunate tendencies to drink beer, text, apply makeup and race trains were taken out from behind the wheel — not to mention the elimination of things like fog-bound pileups and collisions due to rearview-mirror blind spots.
"That death toll — it's like having an airliner crash every day of the year," said Paul Feenstra, senior vice president of the Intelligent Transportation Society of America. "If that were to happen, we'd have congressional hearings every day to get to the bottom of it. But it's become an acceptable norm on the nation's highways, and it doesn't have to be."
The quixotic dreams of urban planners for vast tracts of parkland and bike paths and playgrounds might actually become affordable if cities could get rid of all their parking lots. And, maybe, they could.
"You probably don't need parking garages any more once you have driverless cars," said Chandra Bhat, director of the Center for Transportation Research at the University of Texas. "You'd just call an autonomous taxi to pick you up in the morning and return you in the afternoon. Somewhere from 20 to 80 percent of urban land area could be repurposed."
Some theorists believe the entire foundation of private car ownership will be shattered. "There's a lot of talk about people joining fleets or clubs, like Netflix for cars, where you'd just order one up when you needed it," said Loren Smith, an analyst who follows government automotive policy for the research firm Capital Alpha. "You wouldn't have a car sitting the driveway for 23 hours a day, doing nothing."
The productivity, and possibly the space-alien-zapping skills, of American workers would zoom through the roof as commute times — traffic jams would be a thing of the past as computers mass driverless cars into perfectly spaced convoys traveling at uniform speeds — and workers can spend the time working on their laptops instead of trying to cut in front of the guy in the next lane.
"Especially in the information technology industry, a lot of people think of driving as a big waste of time," said Clemson's Taiber. "If you work on emails or reports, or play video games, or even just sleep, a lot of people would welcome that."
The lame will walk and the blind see. Well, almost, anyway. Google thrilled the industry a couple of years ago with a video of a blind man in the driver's seat of one of its automated cars as it carried him to first a fast-food restaurant and then to pick up his dry cleaning. Driverless cars promise new independence to the disabled and — not inconsequential in a country where the massive baby boom generation is passing into retirement — senior citizens whose driving skills have waned.
But driverless cars might also ruin the environment, worsen global warming and lay waste to our cities. "Once I can relax in my car on the way to work, read a book or watch a video, travel time won't be a burden to me anymore," UT's Bhat said. "I might move further away, travel longer distances to work. That could expand the geographical footprint of our cities and increase our use of fossil fuels and massively increase pollution. It's practically invited urban sprawl."
We might even hear a giant, strangled glug-glug-glug as the American housing industry goes even deeper underwater. "If you don't have to drive your car, you'll want to have more fun in it, be able to move around and put bigger seats — maybe even a sofa — in it," Bhat added. "Vehicles will get bigger and bigger. In an extreme case, would we even have homes anymore? Or just huge vehicles that become our giant mobile homes?"
All those scenarios, however, whether utopian or dystopian, probably lie well over the horizon. Not because the technology for truly driverless cars doesn't exist — most of it is ready to go or soon will be — but because the road to that horizon is filled with legal, political and social potholes, some of them pretty deep.
One of the biggest: liability law. "No matter how good the technology is, there are going to be accidents, especially if you have a mix of human drivers and robots, which will be the situation for decades as the new cars penetrate the market. It can be something as simple as a tire blowout, or as complicated as a power surge that knocks out some of the technology while the human driver is asleep and can't take over.
"So is the human driver — the car owner — responsible? The car manufacturer? The technology supplier? How do you apportion that out? Lawyers and insurance companies are going to be watching very carefully, and even though we have some models to work with — aircraft accidents that occur while the plane is on auto-pilot is a good one — it will be long and time-consuming."
Technology failures might not be just legally complicated, but terrifying: What if a virus or a hacker invaded the software of vehicles and sent them reeling out of control? What if terrorists start using driverless cars to deliver suicide bombs that don't require suicides?
Infrastructure is another problem that may take years to overcome. Nobody has even ventured a guess as to how much it will cost to embed America's 8 million lane-miles of roadways with the network of transponders and sensors necessary to relay road and weather conditions to vehicles.
And the other critical communications link in driverless technology — vehicle-to-vehicle, which lets cars tell each other what they're doing so they won't collide — may be headed for political difficulties. It requires a big chunk of broadband, which the Federal Communications Commission set aside for carmakers in 1991.
But the proliferation of smartphones and video devices that stream movies and other video has gobbled up much of the broadband spectrum, and now the big cable companies have banded together to lobby Congress to let them share in the part reserved for autos. If the devices used by cable companies cause interference with the cars — nobody really knows the answer to that yet — that could lead to disaster.
"A dropped call on a cell phone caused by interference is no big deal," Taiber said. "But the loss of even a little data on a car's collision-avoidance system could be fatal."
Privacy issues associated with driverless cars probably won't kill anybody, but they may prove nettlesome. The technology in a driverless car will record exactly where it's been and when, information that the owner might not want to have available to a nosy government agency or a truculent divorce lawyer.
Then there are potential corporate commercial clashes with privacy, too. What if Google, which knows you have a weakness for Big Macs because of information it has collected from your web browsing, strikes a deal and instead of mapping your driverless car on the shortest route to the office sends it to one that takes it past a McDonald's?
"The privacy people are going to go crazy when they figure out all the implications of this stuff," Robert Poole, editor of the industry newsletter Surface Transportation Innovations, predicted flatly. "It's massive data collection, the GPS big-brother-box-in-the-car."
Poole, though a fervent supporter of driverless-car technology, thinks there's "a lot of mindless optimism" among its backers. He believes its adoption will take much longer than anyone expects and fall considerably short of the complete overhaul of human society that they hope for.
"You just aren't going to see blind people traveling alone in these cars on freeways, or traffic jams disappear, or cities completely reengineer themselves," he said. "As strong a technology as it is, things break and stuff goes wrong, and there will always have to be a human driver sitting there, ready to take control."
Three upcoming key moments in the development of driverless cars:
—Any day now: The U.S. Department of Transportation will announce the results of a $25 million field test that began in Ann Arbor, Mich., in 2012. About 3,000 vehicles were equipped with sensors and wireless communications devices to see if they could successfully pass warnings about potential collisions to one another. The preliminary indications are good: The state of Michigan has already decided to take over the pilot program and expand it to 30,000 vehicles.
—Late 2014: The National Telecommunications and Information Administration, the federal office that advises the White House on telecommunications policy, is expected to come up with important recommendations about the part of the broadband spectrum set aside for driverless cars. Cable companies and other big broadband consumers want the spectrum to be shared with smart phones and other commercial devices; car companies are worried the smart phones will interfere with the new collision-avoidance systems on their vehicles. The NTIA's preliminary announcements have seemed favorable to the automakers.
—Late 2016: The Obama administration says it will issue proposed rules establishing a common standard for vehicle-to-vehicle communications and a timetable for their installation in new vehicles. Vehicle-to-vehicle communications are the cornerstone technology of driverless cars, allowing them to warn one another of impending collisions, and a single standard will ensure that all vehicles can talk to one another. Once the rules are proposed, there will be a period of at least three months for public comment and debate, which could be a real turning point for smart cars.
Potential roadblocks for driverless cars:
—Liability law: America has more than a century of laws and judicial precedents on the books for who's responsible for damages in a traffic accident. That all goes out the window when cars are driving themselves — probably way out the window if a human driver and a robot car collide. The plaintiffs' bar, the trial lawyers who represent accident victims, is legendarily combative over changes in liability law. And insurance companies will certainly have an opinion or two.
—Broadband spectrum: Cable companies, one of the wealthiest and most powerful lobbies in Washington, are hungrily eyeing the part of the broadband spectrum set aside for driverless cars. The cable companies say their customers' smartphones can safely share that spectrum with the cars, and besides, driverless cars are years in the future and smartphones are here now. Car manufacturers say driver safety should trump the ability of Starbucks customers to stream movies on their smartphones. If this dispute can't be resolved amicably, or at least definitively, it will be devastating for driverless cars.
—Infrastructure: Just for starters, there are about 8 million miles of traffic lanes in the United States and about 300,000 traffic lights. Then there are stop signs, bridges that ice up, low-lying roads that flood in heavy rain — the list goes on and on. For cars to be truly driverless, they've all got to be equipped with sensors and transponders (and the lanes fully mapped.) Even when driverless cars start to roll off the assembly lines, it will be decades — if ever — before they really fulfill their utopian promise.


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MANCHESTER Commercial photography | wedding photography | landscape photography
So September's Wedding Photograph of the month comes from Emma and Gary's wedding earlier in the month. Another fantastic day was spent from bridal preparation though to the first dance.
At least being a commercial photographer isn't boring. Far from it in fact. I write this post in a non moaning manner. I try and avoid negative posts - so this won't be one. However I think it's important to understand that in the case of photography, time literally is money.
Later than planned here's my choice for August's wedding photo of the month. Taken at Whitehead Gardens in Bury, next door to Bury's Registry office it just summed up the wedding and the lovely bride and groom.


text:
Rick Ross still gets excited by No. 1 albums, but as he celebrates his fifth he takes satisfaction in different ways.
Ross marked the ascendance of "Mastermind" on Saturday night during South By Southwest, drawing one of the week's larger crowds in Austin during the annual music conference and festival.
"You know what, when this is what you center everything around, you just want the best, not only for yourself, but for your team, everybody you build with," Ross said. "I not only want a No. 1 for me but for all the new-time dudes who've never been on a No. 1 album."
It's been quite the run for Ross. Five of his six major-label albums started out atop the Billboard 200, moving him into rare company. The magazine says among rappers only Jay Z (13), Eminem (seven), Nas and Kanye West (six apiece) have had more and he's now tied with Tupac Shakur and DMX.
Ross attributes the run to remembering where he got his start.
"Regardless of the success I see, I still go back to my foundation ... that made me," he said as he stood shirtless in his dressing room tent following a performance at Fader Fort. "Yesterday, after being out on promo for two months, I took a day out of my schedule to go to the smaller markets in South Carolina, the Columbias, you know the (places) that don't get attention. But those are the places where I remember making my first $5,000 shows from, so I still go to those places. At the end of the day, I still think that's the energy that keep that moving like that."
The 38-year-old Miami rapper played new material for fans and showed his mind's been on mortality since he survived a January 2013 drive-by shooting in Fort Lauderdale. He told the crowd it was important to remember the rappers who have died too early like Shakur, The Notorious B.I.G. and Pimp C before launching into "Nobody," a song with the chilling French Montana vocal hook "you're nobody till somebody kills you."
The song is paired back to back on "Mastermind" with "Shots Fired," a series of news clips recounting the attack.
"You know it's unfortunate, it's nothing to glorify," Ross said. "Where I come from in my city — I come from Carol City in Miami — they've renamed it the Miami Gardens, you know, and they done dubbed it the Murder Gardens, and it's unfortunate. But those are conditions we were unfortunately seeing coming up. So me being in the position I am, that's what come with that. So Rule No. 1 in the handbook I studied is never let the game kill you."
Ross says the experience has caused him to look at life through a new filter. Not long after the near miss he put on Biggie Smalls' "Ready to Die."
"I just listen to it in a different light," Ross said. "It's jacked up, but that's what come with this. ... You're never indestructible, but what you do is if you have certain feelings you want to express, you express your feelings. I'll continue to do that till the day I die."


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Compact attractive habit, produces excellent greens and hearts.
"Best variety on the market for overwintering" says John Overvoorde (Delfland Nurseries Limited)
5 organic plants per pack.
A new wild rocket with intense purple veins - great flavour.
5 organic plants per pack.
Thin-stems, with fairly thick, smoothish leaves; up to 15 inches (38cm) height and spread; start picking when the leaves are about 3 inches (7.5cm) long.
5 organic plants per pack.
Flavour is very similar to watercress, though the leaves are coarser. Remains green all winter.
Similar in habit to water cress but does not require much water.Tasty addition to winter salads.
5 organic plants per pack.
This is a heritage variety that my father remembers growing in the 1930's though it dates from at least 1844. A famous strain of this variety was sold by George Wheeler of Warminster, Wiltshire, a few miles from Dad's home in Devizes. Dad and I spotted the advertisement in Devizes Museum.
Wheelers gained an international reputation for this cabbage variety. The packets had a red wax seal, to prove that they were the genuine Wheeler's strain.
It is a classic pointed Spring cabbage, quite compact, so you can plant them a foot apart, harvest every other one for Spring greens, leaving the rest to form heads.
5 organic plants per pack.
Online Catalogue | Seed Potatoes | Early Maincrop
Postage and Packing
Potatoes delivery is based on weight, and it is calculated automatically as you add the nets to your basket. The banding is as follows:: 1.0kg ~ £4.95; 2 - 3kg ~ £7.00; 3.5 - 18kg ~ £8.00.
If you require more than 18kg or delivery to Isle of Wight, Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands (AB37-56, FK19-21, IV1-63, KW1-14, PA21-40, and Scottish Offshore, please call for price (01354 740553).
To share the cost of postage please order with a friend.
Online Catalogue | Seed Potatoes | Early Maincrop
For all our news and helpful tips and hints this season ....
Subscribe to our newsletter, please enter your details below:
Bushy plants produce large, tasty purple spears; start to harvest in April from an August planting.
5 organic plants per pack.
Sarpo Mira is one of the varieties developed by the Sárvári family Hungary who have been breeding potatoes for high natural resistance to late blight for over 40 years (without using GM technology).
Good all-rounder: bake, chip, mash, roast
Suitable for harsh conditions
Drought tolerant and very high-yielding
Tall, weed smothering foliage with the highest blight resistance
Perfect for gardens with more space
Which? Best buy for blight resistance potatoes
Price: (1 item) £3.25 Price: (2 to 3 items) £3.00 Price: (4 or more items) £2.70
Fine mesh netting which protects against carrot fly, cabbage root fly, caterpillars, birds, rabbits, wind & hail.
Very strong, lasts for years.
Size: 3.66 x 6.00m
Maincrop - Scapa is a cross between Mayan Twilight and Mayan Gold. It produces long oval tubers with yellow skin and deep yellow flesh; perfect for boiling and mashing.
Price: (1 item) £4.00 Price: (2 to 3 items) £3.75 Price: (4 or more items) £3.45
UK registered; Company Reg. No. 1885 606. VAT Reg No. 425 6263 56
© 2011 - 2019 Delfland Nurseries Limited


text:
Abandoned Mine Entrance/Exit
near Creede, Colorado
The Poetry Garden
Dallas Arboritum
Come On In
The Ghost Town of Glen Rio, Texas
Mission Espada Church Window
Missions National Park, San Antonio, Texas
Downtown Store
Leiper's Fork, Tennessee
St. Louis Cemetary No. 1
New Orleans, Louisianna
Hill Country Windmill
near Fredericksburg, Texas
High Contrast Windmill
Mineola Nature Preserve, Mineola, Texas
Windy Crescent
Cotton Field and Wind Turbines
near Sweetwater, Texas
Plantation with Silo
Cotton Field and Barn with Silo
Central Tennessee
Gas Creek School with Mt. Princeton
near Nathrop, Colorado
Blood Moon Over Dallas Skyline
Dallas, Texas
Wooden Bridge
In Illinois West of Terra Haute, Indiana
Terra Springs Ranch House
First Presbyterian Church
Kilgore, Texas
TG Field Auditorium
at the beginning of demolition, Longview, Texas
Sunday Afternoon with the Oil Derricks
Downtown Kilgore, Texas
at the old Crim Theater
Kilgore Oil Derricks at Dusk
Kilgore High School
Downtown Kilgore
Sepia Kilgore Oil Derricks
Van Tornado, May 2015
Van, Texas
Van Tornado, Four Months Later
Texaco Station Gift Ship
Jefferson, Texas
Old Wooden Church and Cemetery
on highway 1 between Onward and Mayersville, Mississippi
Stormy Nacogdoches
Downtown Nacogdoches, Texas


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text:
International Children's Digital Library Unveils Breakthrough Enhancements
June 17, 2008
Boston, MA
For immediate release
BOSTON, MA - June 17, 2008 -The International Children's Digital Library (ICDL) Foundation (www.childrenslibrary.org), which is the world's largest collection of children's literature available freely on the Internet, today announced the completion and implementation of its ClearText technology which significantly enhances the translation and readability of the books available from the online library.
For easier reading of scanned books on a small screen, ClearText allows the user to simply click the desired text to display a magnified version of that text in place, or to read that page in a different language, the user just selects the desired language from a list under the page. The novel book reader technology was developed in-house at ICDL by Dr. Ben Bederson, library co-founder and Chief Technology Officer, working closely with a team from the Human-Computer Interaction Lab at the University of Maryland.
For the translation feature, children reading at the ICDL can select the language of their choice at the bottom of each page. As for readability, the text provided by the ClearText technology is sharper than before and will "pop out" to enlarge as needed. Text can even be read with a screen reader to support visually impaired readers. The book reader allows users to see a different version of the text in place and enables the text size to be changed or read aloud using a standard screen reader. It works by visually removing the text from the original image of the book, and then using the Web browser to display the text on top of the image of the book.
Additionally, the ClearText technology allows for users of the library to have increased options in selecting a language in which to read a book. For example, thanks to ClearText, Croatian author Andrea Petrlik's moving book The Blue Sky is currently available in three languages. In addition to the technology improvements, a massive translation project is currently underway, being conducted by more than 1,200 online volunteer translators. Once a book is translated, there is a second review to validate the translation and ensure accuracy.
"We are constantly working to expand the library and increase its relevance worldwide," said Executive Director of the International Children's Digital Library, Tim Browne. "The ClearText application was developed specifically for the ICDL and makes it possible for more children from more countries to enjoy more books. We are delighted to unveil what we view as our most significant advancement to date."
# # #
NOTE TO EDITORS: Experts from the International Children's Digital Library Foundation are available for interviews and/or commentary on a wide range of related topics including: the role of digital books in elementary education; using the Internet to fight global illiteracy; the digitization of books; and the role of the Internet in supplementing the world's libraries.


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Introduction to the properties of clay minerals
This activity was selected for the On the Cutting Edge Exemplary Teaching Collection
Resources in this top level collection a) must have scored Exemplary or Very Good in all five review categories, and must also rate as "Exemplary" in at least three of the five categories. The five categories included in the peer review process are
- Scientific Accuracy
- Alignment of Learning Goals, Activities, and Assessments
- Pedagogic Effectiveness
- Robustness (usability and dependability of all components)
- Completeness of the ActivitySheet web page
For more information about the peer review process itself, please see https://serc.carleton.edu/teachearth/activity_review.html.
This activity was peer reviewed prior to publication in the Teaching Mineralogy Workbook.
This teaching activity was originally published in: Brady, J., Mogk, D. W., and Perkins, D., (editors), 1997, "Teaching Mineralogy," a workbook published by the Mineralogical Society of America, 406 pp. All teaching activities in this volume received two external peer reviews from mineralogy faculty focused on content and pedagogy, and a final review by the co-editors to comply with the publication standards of the Mineralogical Society of America.
This page first made public: Aug 7, 2006
Skills and concepts that students must have mastered
How the activity is situated in the course
Content/concepts goals for this activity
Higher order thinking skills goals for this activity
Other skills goals for this activity
Description of the activity/assignment
Determining whether students have met the goals
Download teaching materials and tips
- Activity Description/Assignment (Acrobat (PDF) 31.1MB Jul17 06)
- Instructors Notes (Acrobat (PDF) 56kB Jul17 06)
Other Materials
Supporting references/URLs
Mineralogical Society of America - Join today!
Clay Minerals Society -- Join today!


text:
Your Ride is Here was established to provide transportation to and from treatment for those fighting cancer at no charge to the patient or healthcare provider. Our goal is to help patients focus on recovery by eliminating the anxiety and stress associated with getting to their appointments.
As a community-based program, we rely completely on volunteer drivers and donations from individuals, foundations, clubs and corporations. By working directly with social workers and staff from treatment centers, we remove the frustration, time and worry associated with finding a ride.


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NYCC Wrap-up/Recap!
by Chris Troy
::: Coughs for several minutes before vomiting up several organs of varying importance:::
Once again, New York Comic Con has come and gone, this time giving me a case of the death, along with a ton of freebies, like posters, shirts and comics that I would never buy. The con was awesome and if you want a recap of what I did that doesn't involve toys, I suggest you check out the article I typed up for BleedingCool.com, which can be found right here: http://www.bleedingcool.com/2011/10/18/cosplaying-with-seth-green-chris-troys-nycc/
As for toy news from NYCC that you should care about:
– Next year's Avengers toyline will have figures in-scale with Marvel Universe/ Marvel Movie figures as well as Marvel Legends sized figures. (3.5″ and 6″ to those unfamiliar with what the hell I'm talking about) On display were Captain America, Iron Man, Hawkeye, Hulk, & Loki for both lines, in addition to Black Widow, Thor, and Nick Fury for the 3.5″ figures.)
-The 2nd wave of the returning Marvel Legends line will consist of Big Time Spider-Man, Daken, Madam Hydra, Fantomex, Bucky, Captain America, Madam Masaque, Thunderball, and Build-a-Figure Arnim Zola. As good as the Avenger figures looks, these looks amazing, and I will end up buying WAY too many of them.
-DC Direct & Mattel both had "Arkham City"-based figures on display. Mattel's will be 2-packs, and will feature characters like Harley Quinn, Robin, Batman, and the Joker. DC Direct, is making single cared figures of Batman and literally ALL his villains from the game, as well as oversized deluxe characters from the first game like Venom-Joker, Killer Croc, & Bane. Also Catwoman, who I guess we can consider an alley at this point.
-Square Enix also had Arkham Asylum figures on display, Batman and the Joker of course. Also, photos of an armored Batman & Harley Quinn. In addition to these, there were Halo Play Arts Kai, Deus Ex: Human Revolution (which we just got in!), Serrah from Final Fantasy 13-2, as well as fully painted prototypes of the new Street Fighter 4 line, consisting of Ryu, Chun-Li, Akuma, and Cammy. Without a doubt, these are the BEST looking Street Fighter figures to date, so expect me to rave about Cammy when she drops in 2012. Continue reading


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Henry Pirtle Speed
This entity was referenced by a person, organization, place, or geographical feature mentioned in one of the eleven "Networking Caroline" documents. As Civil War Governors staff research and write annotations on identified entities in an assigned document, they will have the responsibility to create new "stub" entries for people and other entities not yet in the MashBill database. If this entity appears in a subsequent Civil War Governors document, this stub entry will be expanded upon.


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How Much Do Social Security Retirement Benefits Pay?
Copyright © 2012 AARP. All rights reserved.
Although you have to rack up 40 credits to qualify for Social Security retirement benefits, that doesn't determine the size of the payment that goes to you or your dependents. The Social Security Administration (SSA) bases the amount of your benefit on your lifetime earnings — specifically (for workers born after 1928), the 35 highest-paid years in which you paid Social Security taxes. Your 35 highest years don't have to be consecutive, and they don't have to be the most recent 35 years, but 35 is an important number. If you have less than 35 years of earnings, the SSA will add zeros to reach 35. The impact of those zeros will vary, depending on your earnings history.
As you may expect, more career earnings means a bigger benefit. Highly paid workers who contributed more taxes throughout their working careers end up with bigger Social Security payments (although the benefit formula is skewed to provide low earners a larger share of their working wages in retirement than high earners receive).
Social Security benefits rise due to cost-of-living increases that are meant to help retirees keep up with inflation. Congress may debate whether to tweak the cost-of-living formula, but the importance of inflation protection is widely recognized, and it remains one of the most politically popular features of Social Security.
Other things affect your benefit amount as well, including the following:
How old you are when you start collecting benefits: You can start receiving Social Security as early as age 62, but you won't get as much as you will if you wait until you're 70.
If you worked in any jobs that weren't covered by Social Security: Your full benefit may be reduced by any periods of your working career in which your job was not covered by Social Security, a reality for many government workers.
If you're working while drawing benefits: Social Security may withhold a portion of your retirement benefits if you earn above a certain amount while receiving benefits and you haven't yet reached the full retirement age, which is currently 66.
Social Security also takes money off the top of your retirement benefit to pay for Medicare coverage if you've reached 65 and you're enrolled in Medicare. The monthly premium for Medicare Part B, supplementary medical insurance (doctor's and some other services), is deducted automatically if you've reached 65 and entered Medicare. The standard Part B premium paid by most Medicare enrollees was set at $99.90 for 2012. Premiums — and the Medicare deduction — generally rise with inflation.


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PrincessMusicOrchid replied on Italy Permalink
nice and easy :-)
DJDinosaurViolet replied on Singapore Permalink
I like it.
OrangeRockVolcano replied on Italy Permalink
is a very very very easy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
CreepyRhinoRabbit replied on China Permalink
I like this game very much
QueenPlayerDove replied on Egypt Permalink
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Nice game
MissSkunkSnowbo... replied on Canada Permalink
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hi im new here so plss dont be mean to me


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Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
Social Studies in Action: A Methodology Workshop, K-5 captures innovative teaching practices, learning theories, and classroom activities designed to stimulate your teaching and enhance your curriculum.
This eight-part workshop provides a methodology framework for teaching social studies, with a focus on creating effective citizens. Individual workshop sessions explore social studies themes, strategies for planning and teaching, and ways to connect social studies to the world beyond the classroom.
Led by social studies educator Mary A. McFarland, participants reflect on fundamental issues in teaching and learning social studies through discussions, debates, and lessons that can be adapted to a K-5 curriculum. With the companion guide, available on this Web site and as a printable PDF document, this video workshop provides a stimulating learning experience for individual teachers or professional development groups.
Next > Using the Videos, Web Site, and Print Guide
About This Workshop: Using the Workshop | Facilitator Tips | Session Summaries | Who's Who | CreditsSocial Studies Workshop Home | © | Site Map | Glossary
© Annenberg Foundation 2017. All rights reserved. Legal Policy


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SEFS Seminar Series: Week 3 Preview
For Week 3 of the SEFS Seminar Series this Wednesday, we're going to focus your curious gaze on a fascinating story of conservation and ecological restoration on Tiritiri Matangi, a small island on the other side of the world in New Zealand. Bringing his extensive expertise to our doorstep is Mel Galbraith of the Unitec Institute of Technology in Auckland, New Zealand, and we hope you can join us for his talk, "Ecological Restoration of Tiritiri Matangi Island, New Zealand!"
When: Wednesday, April 17, 3:30-4:20 p.m.
Where: Anderson Hall, Room 223
Who's Invited: It's open to the public, and all faculty, staff and students are encouraged to attend!
After the seminar, join your colleagues over in the Forest Club Room for a casual reception from 4:30-5:30 p.m. We'll have snacks, and this spring we're offering selections from the Fremont Brewing Company (for those of age)!
Tiritiri Matangi Island, commonly known as "Tiri," is a low-lying, 254-hectare scientific reserve located three kilometers from mainland New Zealand in the Hauraki Gulf north of Auckland. The island is administered by the Department of Conservation and is supported by a community group, the Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi.
Originally inhabited by Maori, Tiri has a long history of degradation from human activities and habitation, starting with deforestation association with Polynesian colonization of New Zealand, and culminating with European farming practices from the 1850s to the 1970s. When stock was removed from the island, the remaining vegetation covered only 6 percent of the area, and much of that was a canopy with little regeneration underneath. Tiri has been free of all introduced mammals since the Pacific rat (kiore) was eradicated in 1983. A program of vegetation restoration started in 1984, with vegetated cover on the island increasing 60 percent through the planting of 280,000 trees during a 10-year period through 1984. Translocations of species to the island is an ongoing mechanism of restoration for the island itself—as well as providing refuge for species to be restored to other parts of New Zealand in the future.
To date, 15 fauna species have been introduced (12 native to the local ecological district; 6 being used, or having the potential to be used, to populate other restoration habitats), including some with naturally threatened status.
About the Speaker
Galbraith is a senior lecturer in the Department of Natural Sciences at Unitec Institute of Technology. He lectures in the Biodiversity Management major for the school's Bachelor of Applied Science degree, specializing in biodiversity, ecology and biosecurity. He is active in the Ecological Society of New Zealand (President 2011-2013), Ornithological Society of New Zealand (Regional Representative, Auckland), the Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi (Biodiversity subcommittee), and a past member of the Auckland Conservation Board (1998-2004). His area of interest has always been natural history, especially ornithology and herpetology, which he formalized through post-graduate study at the University of Auckland.
Photo © Duncan Wright.


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All below procedures are done with the understanding that the user backs up all critical data. This site and author is not responsible for any mistakes or problems encountered. I will try to make this as simple and painless as possible. Any novice should be able to hopefully follow the below steps.
This time I am going to show how I installed the New AntiX 8.5 to my internal Solid State Drives.
4gig SSD and 16gig SSD, I had Xandros 4 on this Netbook previously. To read up on New Features and to download AntiX. You can go to Here
There are numerous ways to make a boot able Live USB. I used Unetbootin to make mine like I did in My Previous AntiX tutorial.
It was also pointed out you can make a live USB using the antiX2usb installer via the AntiX Control Center. Below link will show you how.
If using Xandros to make Unetbootin work. All I can say is to make sure mtools and p7zip is installed in Xandros also.Otherwise the Linux Version of Unetbootin won't work (won't start).
There will be no swap partition made with this install. Swap partitions can be harmful for SSD drives.
Insert your bootable live USB of AntiX 8.5. Power up and hit Esc key and pick your pendrive as first boot device. When grub Menu comes up pick Netbook boot from the grub menu. Now from here on. These were my steps on how I installed AntiX 8.5 (my way).
After getting to a Desktop. I went to the taskbar with the crossed wrenches icon and opened up AntiX Control Center and left clicked on the Network Tab.
I have connected my Asus EEEPC 900 using Ceni also. Ceni picks up my wireless and Cable interface just fine as wlan0 and eth0. I just prefer wicd but Ceni will work for you also.
I picked Connect Wirelessly with Wicd. On the next window that opens. I go to the preferences tab and left click it. In the empty Connect Wireless Box I type in wlan0.
Then I left click on External Programs and switch from Automatic to dhclient. I then left click on the refresh tab and my router shows up and I connect via wireless to my router. A safer way to go about installing is if you have a land line. Use it instead if worried about dropping a connection. I just wanted to show I enabled wireless on my EEEPC 900.
Ok, Now on to the install. Left click on Menu Tab on far left of taskbar. Pick the AntiX Installer 3rd up on the Menu.
Left click and next window asks for password. The password is
When Next Window opens you tick on the box agree to terms
Next window make sure sda is showing. Tick on Install to custom partitions. Then Left click on Gparted Button.
When parted Opens. You will see sda1, sda2, sda3, and sda4. DO NOT TOUCH sda3 OR sda4. The only partitions you wish to delete are sda1 and sda2.. So right click on sda1 and select delete. Do the same also for sda2. Below I show sda1.
Below I show sda2
We will now move on to sdb drive which is the 16 gig secondary drive on my Asus EEEPC 900. I proceed to delete that partition also. In gparted in the top r/h corner hit the drop down arrow and select /dev/sdb. Then delete sdb like you did the 2 partitions on sda.
Ok. If you followed everything correctly so far your gparted window should look like mine below.
Check out that the assigned tasks you have given gparted (like delete sda1,sda2,and sdb) show in the bottom of gparted window.
If everything looks good. Hit the apply button and let gparted do its job.You will be greeted by one last final warning. Say yes and you are off to starting on your AntiX install. Xandros will be no more. Not even the recovery you had when you used the F9 option on the Asus 900. This is a one way trip.
After you get the completed successful operations window. Hit the close button.
Now go back to the top r/h corner of gparted and select /dev/sda with the drop down arrow.
Left click on unallocated partition on sda and select new
Make it a primary partition. I picked ext2 file system because I have read that journaling file systems like ext3,reiserfs, etc.... are harmful for SSD drives. Better safe than sorry says I.
Label it as root (/).
Now after setting that up. Go to the top r/h corner again and select /dev/sdb
Again right click on the 16gig unallocated and select new
I made mine a primary partition, ext2 file system, labeled as /home.
Again. Double check the bottom of gparted window before saying apply operations.
Below is the next window you should see after hitting apply button.
When done. Take a look at sdb and see if yours looks like mine.
Now go back to sda and we are going to flag sda as bootable. Just right click and select Manage flags. Then tick on the boot box and hit apply.
After hitting apply your line for /dev/sda1 should look like mine.
Ok. You can close gparted now. You are done setting up your SSD drives for the installation process.
Now. To avoid some confusion. The Mepis Installer that AntiX 8.5 uses can not install /home to the secondary 16gig drive you formatted. It is a limitation because IMO the installer was made for platter ide and sata drives which are usually only one drive per laptop. I will show you later on how I moved the home folder to sdb 16gig SSD in as simple of procedures as I know how.
I have successfully done this procedure and am writing this tutorial on my Asus EEEPC 900 and all things I save to home now go on to my /home drive on sdb.
Now. Make sure sda1 is where the root partition is going. No swap. And home is also going to root for now. Make sure and tick on the box that says "preserve data in /home (if upgrading) so as to not overwrite your ext2 partition. If you don't click that box. /home will be formatted as ext3 during the install process. So to preserve my ext2 file system. I tick on that box also.
Select yes on the last minstall that pops up. You are ready to install AntiX 8.5 now.
The install process is fast. This is your next window. I read the messages while installing.
When done. We are on to installing grub. Make yours match my screenshot below for installing grub
You will be asked if it is ok.Say Yes.
Confirmation grub installed OK is Next.
After hitting OK. The next window is for startup services in case you need dial up or printing services. I just leave the defaults for me and select next.
Next window is network names
Next is localization Window. I am a Texan so I pick English. I ticked the GMT box (personal preference).
Next is user name and passwords.
Don't freak out if you get a warning pop up saying something about not being able to name user folder. I got that pop up. Just say OK and hit finish when you are done.
Next Window. You are done for now. Reboot and pull your live Pendrive when netbook shuts down. You are done with it.
Reboot to your new AntiX install. Just pick the top option in grubs menu. Slim is the login manager for AntiX. The Splash screen is by my good buddy Sakasa. If you wish to have wicd monitor show up on taskbar so as to see if you are connected. What I did was go to the crossed wrenches in toolbar and when AntiX control Center Opens I selected "Edit Icewm Settings and below window opens. I select startup tab on taskbar and uncomment the
"sleep 2 && wicd-client &" . Hit save on taskbar and exit.
Next hit the red button on taskbar and log out and back in again. You should have a moniter on bottom r/h of taskbar
Now. The easiest way I know how to show you how I moved my home folder in / to /home on sdb is to provide a link to the thread I made at AntiX Forums. Thanks to SilverBear, dolphin_oracle,secipolla, and anticapitalista. I was successful in moving home on / of sda to
/home on sdb,
Any questions you may have or comments. You can make at the AntiX section at Mepis Lovers or the AntiX Forum.
I am going to just provide some screenshots below to show how my edited /etc/fstab looks now. Always back up your /etc/fstab or any other file that you are going to make changes to
I do this by making a backup folder in home and inserting stock unchanged files in there and renaming them fstabbackup as a example.
First shot shows how rox should appear after moving home to /home to sdb and symlinking /home on sdb to / on sda. The symlink is needed to move saved changes to the new home on sdb. My thread should pretty well explain how I went about doing this and has screenshots. If you get stuck. Ask and someone will answer in the AntiX forum or at Mepis Lovers.
My current /etc/fstab as it now stands. Also after moving home to /home on sdb. Make sure home has file permissions so as user can make changes. I did this by opening a terminal. Typed in
gksu pcmanfm
entered my password and pcmanfm opened as root user. Then went to my /home drive and right clicked on home folder and selected properties. Then selected permissions and made my user able to read and write to folder and all sub directories. My Modified /etc/fstab below
Update: Limiting writes to SSD on EEEPC. I made this thread at AntiX Forum and another at Mepis Lovers. If interested
There might be better ways to write and do this kind of install and tutorial. But I am just a regular Home User trying to help out the Linux community for all the help given me. Happy Trails, Rok


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BitTorrent is a computer protocol that is utilized to legally share information between different client computers. This typically includes videos, porn, h4x, pr0n, and Microsoft Office. It uses a "swarm" method of file distribution, whereby the porn is broken down into individual molecules and digitally transmitted to the destination, where it is reassembled. By breaking up files into smaller pieces, it allows clients who are have not yet completely downloaded a file to still share the pieces they have downloaded, resulting in extremely fast downloads for all parties. It is estimated that 94% of all internet traffic is Bittorrent related. There are a large number of programs available at no charge that use the bittorrent protocol, as well as online services that specialize in bittorrent files. Because of the nature of the protocol, it is virtually impossible to get a virus or download a bogus file while using the bittorrent protocol.
Original design[edit]
Bittorrent was originally created by the RIAA as a method to allow fans to share music files. The protocol was instituted to allow customers the ability to check out the entire album before making a purchase, with the hope of increasing sales for worthwhile artists. After several failed attempts at creating popular websites (Napster, Kazaa, etc.) The RIAA purchased the domain name ThePirateBay.org with the hope of increasing demand for the free files by having a domain name that implies there was something "illegal" about downloading music.
To further enhanse the "cool" factor of downloading something for free, the RIAA began a series of lawsuits where they pretend to sue grandmothers and young children for this "illegal download activity". While it was obvious that no company in their right mind would actually sue innocent people like this, most of the public bought into the marketing campaign and demand for free music from The Pirate Bay (and other similar websites) increased dramatically. The "victims" who were allegedly sued were actually paid actors and actresses, whose job it was to continue and promote the ruse that downloading music (or any file, for that matter) was inherently illegal.
When compared to most marketing strategies, it is easy to conclude that this method of getting people to try music was extremely successful, but it had one negative side effect. By allowing people to download commercial music at no cost, and allowing them to listen to the music before making a purchase, they had abandoned their old busines model of simply telling the customer "what was cool" and expecting them to line up like drones to buy the newest Johnny Bravo CD. Once they allowed people to actually listen and decide for themselves, most decided that the heavily commercialized and over produced music was in fact no better than much of the independent music available.
The Bitttorrent Protocol has caused many wars between roommates sharing an internet connection. Torrent programs assume you have infinite upload bandwidth and will max it out unless they are configured not to. In other words, if one user is browsing browsing the interwebz while the other has 12 torrents going, the torrents will consume all of the upload speed, preventing the other user to do anything except play minesweeper.
While torrents dont typically contain viruses, the client programs sometimes have security vulnerabilities that will allow your computer to be hacked by the RIAA. Once the RIAA has complete control of your computer, it will begin to exhibit strange and annoying behaviors like opening up 4 meatspin tabs in your browser, or telling you that you have an STD in your registry. These problems can be fixed by purchasing fake antivirus programs from one of the RIAA's many phony websites. Once you give these websites your debit card number, your entire bank account balances are transferred to the recording industry to fund artists like Britney Spears and Faith Hill.
Another problem that arises with torrents are people who leech off them without returning the favor by seeding them. For those without a technical background, this is like anal sex without giving the reach-around. Selfish Assholes.


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Welcome to the National Stroke Association Clinical Trials
Resource Center, presented in partnership with CenterWatch, the leading publisher of information on clinical
research for patients and their advocates and healthcare
professionals. Please click on the links below to learn more
about clinical research and new medical therapies for stroke
treatment and prevention.
About Clinical Research This section provides
background information about the clinical trials process and
what to expect when you volunteer to participate in a clinical
trial. Here, you'll find answers to frequently asked questions
about clinical trials and also suggestions for where to find
more information.
Listing of Stroke Trials This is a listing of
U.S. and international clinical trials for stroke that are
actively recruiting volunteers. Use this listing to search for
clinical trials by geographic region. Please note that the list
includes only trials posted on www.CenterWatch.com and may not
include all existing trials for stroke.
Listing of
Studies at ClinicalTrials.gov
Link to ClinicalTrials.gov, a comprehensive listing
of federally and privately supported clinical trials.
The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), through its
National Library of Medicine (NLM), has developed this site in
collaboration with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Email Notification Service
Register your email address to be notified when new stroke
clinical trials are posted to the database.
FDA Drug Approvals - Neurology Listings This
is a comprehensive listing of drugs that have recently been
approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the area of
Neurology Research Centers This directory
provides detailed profiles of hundreds of clinical research
centers specializing in neurology research. Research centers are
organized geographically by state, city and center name.
New Medical Therapies (NMT) Trial Results NMT
Weekly Trial Results database is designed to provide easy access
to information about the results of completed and ongoing
clinical trials. Please note that search results are based
on relevance and are not listed chronologically.
Patient Bookstore The bookstore contains a
series of brochures - published and sold by CenterWatch
- that patients and their advocates can use to learn more about
the clinical trials industry and how to identify and volunteer
for clinical trials.
Copyright © 1995-2015 CenterWatch.


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The Pug
The Pug
Pre-Order | Handmade
This patch has been designed and stitched by Hatrik, 100% hand embroidered (with love). One of 28 designs, stitched onto the breast pocket of an organic, ethically made cotton t-shirt.
The #stitchtogether story
The re-emergence of old-fashion embroidery shifts us back to hand-created clothes, helping us appreciate the craft in our closets. Nearly 90% of sweatshop employees are women, paid on average 24 cents per garment for items that eventually sell for more than one hundred US dollars. In celebration of International Women's Day and raising awareness for ethically produced garments, Hatrik's #stitchtogether collection uses a traditional Indian running stitch onto a cotton t-shirt that has been produced in a safe, clean and enjoyable working environment overseen by OCC Apparel. Sustainability starts with the consumer, so look at the clothes you're wearing and ask, 'where does it come from?'
100% Organic Cotton ring-spun Combed Cotton
Single Jersey
155 gsm
T-shirts made to order ranging from XS-XL all with a high ribbed neckline- Size L as seen on Sophia here.
Due to the nature and high-demand of production, please allow unto 10 days to receive your design.