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Survey results from Unisys show a trend away from traditional on-premises data centers toward cloud-based hosting. Survey respondents indicated that use of on-premises data centers will decrease from 43 percent now to 29 percent in 2019, while private cloud use will increase from 20 percent now, up to 28 percent in two years. Over the same period, public cloud use will rise from 18 percent to 21 percent, hybrid cloud from 11 percent to 13 percent, and use of community cloud (a private cloud shared by multiple organizations with a common mission) will hold steady at 9 percent.
"The results of this survey show that government decision makers understand the importance of embracing the cloud to help achieve their modernization goals," Venkatapathi "PV" Puvvada, president of Unisys Federal, said in the survey report. "But it also showed that nearly two-thirds are encountering unanticipated difficulties as they move to the cloud. Fortunately, those respondents who are actively working with industry partners to facilitate their cloud transitions reported a much easier road to cloud adoption by a two-to-one margin."
The respondents show widespread agreement on the benefits enterprises expect from the cloud. At least 94 percent cite improved disaster recovery/business continuity, agility and flexibility, more efficient storage, reduced capital costs and standardization of IT as being at least somewhat important. Improving agility—the capability to deploy IT resources nimbly in response to quickly changing business conditions and the factor most closely aligned to gaining competitive advantage—is the top driver overall, with 78 percent of respondents saying it is critical or very important.
In addition, many respondents report encountering unexpected roadblocks, with 60 percent saying those impediments slowed their cloud migrations and 17 saying that the roadblocks brought their migrations to a standstill.
While nearly two-thirds of respondents (62 percent) rated cybersecurity as the top priority for agency modernization projects over the next year, nearly the same percentage (59 percent) reported that they think their agency's IT modernization efforts have resulted in an increase in the IT security challenges they face. And when asked to grade their agencies' modernization efforts, 43 percent graded those efforts at "satisfactory" or lower when it comes to improving cybersecurity.
"The results of this survey tell us that many federal agencies may not have adequate staff and resources to manage security challenges in today's more complex and modernized IT environments, which in our view explains the feedback about modernization efforts exacerbating security challenges," said Puvvada. "To achieve successful digital transformation, agencies must make security a priority and embark on projects that enhance security at the core, as well as boost operational efficiency to meet mission-critical goals."
Here at Security Systems News, we feel also feel that cloud will continue to play an increasingly influential and disruptive role in security, transforming how we look at physical security in today's digital world. For others who share this view, or are just curious about the role of cloud in security today and in the future, SSN invites you to attend our Cloud+ conference, which is Nov. 28-29, 2017, in Austin, Texas. Click here for more on the education program and to register.
Back in March I talked with a software company, OneEvent, that showcased its cloud-based predictive analytics engine, OnePrevent, at ISC West. The company started by focusing on predicting fires through monitoring environmental sensors and now it is rolling out a new humidity and temperature sensor which will bring information into its OnePrevent platform.
"When we rolled out the product in February, it was very much around the smoke alarm, the motion alarms, door/windows, and answering the questions of 'Where's the fire? Where did it start? Where is it going? And, where are the people?'" Dan Parent, OneEvent's chief operating officer and VP of engineering, told Security Systems News.
"The algorithms that we put into place around those sensors are extremely flexible, especially around the temperature measurements that we're reading from our smoke alarms," he said. This lead the company to develop the new temperature sensor that also measures humidity. Specifically, the company was looking for "a very accurate, repeatable, resilient, economical sensor that can give us capabilities in other areas."
OneEvent was rolling out a prototype for the temperature and humidity sensor around ISC West 2017 and now the sensor is fully available.
Parent highlighted data centers as a potential market opportunity for the new temperature and humidity center, "One of the biggest problems in an IT data center—other than cybersecurity—is the health of their equipment. … They want to maintain a particular humidity level, and they want to maintain a particular temperature level."
Other potential markets include Residential properties worried about moisture, indoor pool areas, apartment complexes, restaurants and walk-in coolers and freezers, OneEvent's announcement noted.
The temperature and humidity sensor has capabilities in OneEvent's fire detection analytics. "In all NFPA regulations, you have to maintain a particular distance between the cooking apparatus and where the smoke alarm is," Parent said. "We want to put the temperature/humidity [sensor] right over the stove." This would help the analytics engine understand whether smoke could be related to cooking.
"It's incredible; the power of measuring the data and being able to couple that measured data to the individual who impacts the building to create the data," Parent said. OneEvent's also has a multi-sensor smoke/temperature alarm, door/window sensor, multi-sensor presence detector and water sensor.
Honeywell announced today that it has appointed Richard (Rich) Lattanzi as the president of Honeywell's global security business and Dino Koutrouki as the president of Honeywell's global fire business.
In their new leadership roles, Lattanzi and Koutrouki will drive greater customer focus, the press release read, and both will continue to report to Michael Flink, president of Honeywell Security and Fire.
"Serving our customers and growing our business are at the core of everything we do in our security and fire businesses," Flink said in the announcement. "Having two independent teams focused on their business will bring us closer to our customers, maximizing our core strengths and enabling increased efficiencies. I am confident that Rich and Dino will drive performance in their respective businesses to better serve our customers."
As the new president of security, Lattanzi will be responsible for all operations, business strategy and growth for the global security business. He previously served as the vice president and general manager for Honeywell Security and Fire Americas, and prior to that held the position of global vice president and general manager for buildings within Honeywell's Environmental & Energy Solutions (E&ES). Lattanzi joined Honeywell through the acquisition of Elster, where he was president of the global thermal solutions business.
As the new president of fire, Koutrouki will be responsible for all operations, business strategy and growth for the global fire business. He previously served as the vice president and general manager for Honeywell Security and Fire EMEA, and prior to that held the position of vice president and general manager for the Honeywell Scanning and Mobility APAC organization. Koutrouki joined Honeywell as part of the EMS Technologies acquisition, and held a variety of leadership roles across the company.
Honeywell Security and Fire is part of the Home and Building Technologies strategic business group.
BOCA RATON, Fla.—Red Hawk Fire & Security, a provider of fire, life safety and security services based here, is providing resources and integrated systems expertise as a charter donor for the command and control center at the new National Sport Security Laboratory (NSSL) at the National Center for Spectator Sports Safety and Security (NCS4) on the campus of the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg.
The lab officially opened on Sept. 1, bringing to life NCS4's vision to be the world's foremost academic research institution to address sport safety and security risks and threats. Since its inception in 2006, the NCS4 has worked to address the evolving security challenges of the growing $60-billion U.S. sports industry through quality training, research, technology assessments, certifications and professional development.
The new lab is designed to test, evaluate and showcase vendor neutral safety and security solutions as well as to assist the training, research and development needs of venue operators and security professionals at sports settings globally.
"Red Hawk is well-equipped to bring our practical, hands-on experience integrating systems at several prominent stadiums and arenas to enhance the efforts of NCS4 as they do the important work of responding to this significant community safety concern," Rick Tampier, Red Hawk's senior director of sales and product strategy, said in the announcement.
Daniel Ward, the director of the National Laboratory and Training Center, describes the new facility as a living laboratory that gives students, academia, industry and government a place to research and learn.
"The center incorporates cutting-edge technology which provides the university with capabilities to gather, process, analyze, display and disseminate planning and operations data for research and training," said Ward.
The NSSL's new center now connects to the numerous sport facilities on the University of Southern Mississippi's Hattiesburg campus allowing researchers and solutions providers to immerse themselves in a real-life sports safety and security environment.
"Connecting our athletic facilities as part of our laboratory provides amazing opportunities for our students," Dr. Lou Marciani, NCS4 director, said in the announcement. "They will be able to work with professional, intercollegiate, interscholastic and marathon sports organizations and facilities to test theories, translate lessons learned and best practices into real-world solutions while also building the sports safety and security profession for the future."
NCS4 recently earned accreditation for its Certified Sport Security Professional (CSSP) certification program from the American National Standards Institute Personal Certification Accreditation Program (ANSI). CSSP is the nation's first professional security credential designed for those responsible for the planning and overall security operations of sports venues and events.
Each year, Security Systems News features notable women throughout the industry and we'd really like to hear from you about women we should feature this year.
This has been a great way to highlight women making a name for themselves, to hear about their businesses and focuses, and learn how far the industry has come in terms of diversity and including women in key roles through the physical security space.
One woman is typically featured in each section of our publication—General News, Commercial and Systems Integrators, Monitoring and Residential. If you have a woman in mind, please nominate them by emailing our editor, Paul Ragusa, at [email protected].
By clicking here, you can read about the women featured last year.
KANSAS CITY, Kan.—Earlier this week StoneLock, a biometrics company focused on designing and manufacturing access control and identity management solutions, announced that Jim Trani is the company's CTO.
"My job, basically, is to create that vision of what we need to do to take us out of our advanced startup mode into a full-blown, high-tech producer, and to implement that," Trani told Security Systems News.
StoneLock's readers use near-infrared light to see multiple layers of a persons face. "We process a near-infrared image, and from that, we derive our biometric data that is used for match on subsequent verification," Trani said. This process is completed at an edge device, as opposed to leveraging surveillance cameras and servers, he noted.
"[Biometrics] has never really made the inroads that I think it could make. And, I think our introduction of near-infrared, and the performance we get from that, and bringing it out to the edge like we do, really allows facial recognition to emerge as the gold standard for biometrics," Trani said.
He continued, "I believe that over the next three to five years, with the way we've structured ourselves, biometrics can be in every household, and it can affect your life in many more ways than just being a mechanism to get you through a door at some institutional facility."
Trani has "40 years of experience in research and development of engineering solutions," the announcement noted. Trani previously worked with Tyco, Pelco, Infographic Systems and Compass Technologies/Wheelock.
StoneLock was started in 2012. The company, based here, has about 40 employees globally.
Demand for security cameras in the U.S. is projected to increase 7.2 percent annually through 2021 to $2.8 billion, according to a new report entitled Video Surveillance Equipment Market in the U.S. from The Freedonia Group, a Cleveland-based research firm.
The company found that gains will result from a variety of factors that support replacement demand and sales of higher value, upgraded versions, including:• Ongoing product advancements in camera technology.• Increasing affordability of cameras with expanded features, such as internal recording capabilities.• Continued shift toward upgrading existing legacy analog systems to either IP or HD analog systems in order to utilize more feature-rich cameras and systems.• Rising interest in higher value, more niche camera types—such as thermal or explosion resistant—as their prices continue to come down, which will work to expand the base of installed cameras.
In 2016, dome cameras accounted for the largest share of video surveillance camera demand with 42 percent, the report found. "Sales of these products have benefited from developments over the past decade, such as increased durability and higher resolutions," the press release read. "This has allowed for broader use of dome cameras in both indoor and outdoor applications. Dome camera sales have also gained from the rising use of cameras indoors, where these constructions are still highly popular due to their discreet appearance."
Through 2021, sales of all video surveillance products are projected to increase 5.6 percent annually to $4.9 billion, according to the Freedonia Group, which noted that growth "will be driven by the increasing affordability of feature-rich systems that incorporate enhanced capabilities, which will work to expand the base of end users that choose to install video surveillance systems and spur replacement and upgrade demand among existing users."
I am very excited to announce Security Systems News' Cloud+ 2017 conference education program, which can be found here. The show is Nov. 28-29, and back at the beautiful and relaxing Lost Pines Resort in the tech-savvy city of Austin, Texas.
This year's education program is expanded, as we strive to be the education destination for those who are pioneering within the cloud community, which is revolutionizing security today.
As you look through this year's program it will quickly become apparent that "Selling the Cloud" is an underlying theme for the conference, as sessions will look at how integrators, specifiers, dealers, suppliers—anyone looking to increase revenue and profits while providing cost-effective solutions with a high ROI—are leveraging cloud technology and computing with great success. Some of the leading integrators in the industry will uncover how they are transitioning from the traditional sales model to a more managed services model that increases RMR and lowers creation cost.
And subject matter experts from the leading cloud solution and services providers in the industry will not only be there on panels to share best practices and the latest advances and research, but also many will be exhibiting, so you can dive in deeper and get face to face with the top cloud companies working in security today.
There are also cloud-centered sessions looking at the rise of smarter, safer cities and the potential there for the security industry; cybersecurity in the cloud; how to hire IT-savvy employees who can talk cloud; and much more!
Click here to view the program and to register.
Here at Security Systems News, we cover a variety of topics related to the physical security industry. As a result, we get to track trends in the industry; we see when they first come up and we see when they become more prevalent. The matter of false alarms is one that I can say I've been watching since I started with SSN.
Some municipalities have sought to fine alarm companies for users' false alarms. In late 2014, shortly after I joined the publication, I was speaking with the Security Industry Alarm Coalition about the City of Chico, Calif., that passed an ordinance like this. The city then revised the ordinance after a response from SIAC and California Alarm Association.
More recently, Sandy Springs, Ga., also looked to bring fines for false alarms to the dealers.
California has now stepped in to stop alarm companies in the state from being fined for false alarms that the installation or the equipment didn't directly cause. Read more about that here.
Security Systems News' latest monthly News Poll asks about whether false alarm ordinances, particularly the ones that fine alarm dealers and installers, pose a large problem for the industry. Feel free to weigh in on that here. Additionally, feel free to share your thoughts on the best methods for reducing false alarms.
Different areas have taken different approaches to false alarms. In 2015, New Orleans considered outsourcing alarm fine collections to CryWolf, which specializes in issuing and collecting fines, permit fees, and compiling alarm system data. This is a practice that SIAC recommends.
Back in 2014, I spoke with another SIAC's, Steve Keefer, about an interesting approach: using volunteers to reduce false alarm dispatches. These were "regular citizens that just want to help out in the community," Keefer said, by notifying repeat false alarm offenders and discussing ways to reduce false alarms.
The global smart home market is forecast to exceed $14 billion in 2017, with 10 percent of homes globally being smart by 2025, according to an IHS Markit report published this week.
"The smart home market has seen significant growth since 2010, when fewer than 0.5 percent of homes in the Americas region had connected devices such as thermostats, lighting, security and entertainment," Blake Kozak, principal analyst, IHS Technology, said in a summary of the report. "By the end of 2017, nearly 7 percent of households in the region will have a connected home, averaging six devices per home."
According to IHS, The global market for smart homes is currently worth $14.7 billion, with the Americas region representing 48 percent of global revenues, and by 2021, the EMEA region will represent the largest portion of device revenue with a 42 percent global share.
"When excluding large ticket items, such as major appliances, the global market size for smart home devices is forecast to be worth $3.3 billion by the end of 2017, reaching $9.4 billion in 2021," Kozak noted. "Although the EMEA and Americas regions are expected to represent more than 70 percent of revenues for smart devices over the next five years, Asia is expected to dominate in terms of unit shipments. In 2021, the Asia region is expected to represent about 46 percent of unit shipments. Leading the unit shipments in Asia in 2021 will include light bulbs, air quality sensors and video cameras."
The report also found that the top five players account for 36 percent of revenue in the space, including Nest, Amazon, Honeywell, Xiaomi and Netgear, who rounded out the top five for smart home revenue accounting for 36 percent in 2016 when excluding appliances. The top five players for unit shipments in 2016 accounted for 34 percent of global unit shipments and included Xiaomi, Amazon, Honeywell, Nest and Koninklijke Philips N.V.
"Globally, 19 manufacturers had more than 500,000 annual smart home device shipments in 2016," said Kosak, while "46 manufacturers had more than $10 million in revenue in 2016, when excluding appliances."
The top smart home devices to watch in terms of unit shipment growth include radiator valves, air quality sensors, smart speakers and appliances.
"Home audio (smart speakers) will continue to be one of the most disruptive trends in smart home through 2021," Kosak pointed out. "The primary reason voice assistants in the smart home will gain significant traction across all three regions is the ability for these devices to aggregate disparate systems. So instead of using five different mobile applications in order to control the smart home features, voice can be used to aggregate all control, reducing the need to interact with a mobile device once the product is setup."
Although appliances were the fourth largest device type in terms of unit shipments in 2016, they will be the most shipped device type in 2021, according to IHS, which noted that many appliances are already embedded with Wi-Fi capabilities that only need to be turned on by the manufacturer.
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What should we do first when the surveyor comes to our hospice?
Homecare Q&A, June 5, 2017
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Stoveken: In defense of the Tenderfoot trail
As the owner of Silverthorne Power Sports, my business and customers are directly affected by whatever decision is made on the Tenderfoot Mountain issue. We have already seen a large decrease in business over the past years as more and more trails are closed down and our customers are forced to travel outside of the county to ride their motorcycles, ATVs and snowmobiles. This trend has affected my business and many other businesses in the county. Many of our customers have curtailed their riding or have dropped out of the sport entirely. It is my feeling that this is exactly what those opposing motorized recreation in the county are trying to achieve. However, I hope that you look at my views as coming from someone who understands those enthusiasts that are seeking the opportunity to ride motorized vehicles on single track trails in Summit County. Someone that has the opportunity to speak with those individuals on a daily basis and is willing to speak out on their behalf in an attempt to encourage all parties involved to compromise on the issue.
My initial feeling is that the county has chosen to attack the U.S. Forest Service Proposal and Environmental Assessment. They seem to be using this tactic to try circumvent an honest and up-front discussion with the groups involved.
The county comment on the environmental assessment regarding the size of the proposed trail system points to the possible number of riders on the trail on any given weekend. At 21 miles, this will not be a destination or a regional draw. There are other areas in the state that are much larger in scope located in communities that welcome motorized recreation into their areas. As a matter of fact, these are the areas that Summit County riders now visit since local areas have been shut down. Basically, the Tenderfoot trails will be used by local riders who want to ride at the end of a work day or on a Saturday morning before the family barbecue.
In one short paragraph, the county mentions the word illegal, as in "illegal motorized use or illegal activity," six times! I think it is important to remember that this area was enjoyed legally by riders for many years before it was closed off. At that point, there may have been riders that continued to use the area. They may have known that it was closed off or they may not have known. The instances were few and have most assuredly been overblown by those that oppose this project. There are individuals who may feel that they have a right to ride wherever they choose. This is why the riding community spends millions each year to educate and erect signage to try and prevent people from riding in unauthorized areas.
In addition, the county questions the quality of the Forest Service report. It calls it full of inconsistencies and conjecture, with frequent inferences based on incomplete, inconclusive or unscientific evidence. Really? How is that a positive way to try and reach a compromise?
The county refers to noise impacts. It questions the manner in which two noise studies were conducted. I would challenge the county to conduct a noise study of any of the four resorts located in the county while snowmaking, grooming and even when the resorts are open to the public and show that the noise impact is any less than the motorized vehicles riding the Tenderfoot Trail area.
I would like to encourage the county commissioners, the county planning department and others involved in this project to please lighten up on all of the negative politically based comments and demands and try to make this a positive experience for all parties involved. This project can be a good thing for Summit County residents. The riding community is willing to work to make this a reality. A perfect example on how well the riding community can work with the community is the motocross track that exists at the base of the Tenderfoot area. The track triggered a similar response from those in the community that oppose motorized use. It has been in existence for two years and is a great example of how opposing sides can work together towards a compromise.
Start a dialogue, stay on topic and be civil.
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|Find the best surf spots
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Come to the beach of the famous town of Nice in the south of france.
DistanceIn the city
WalkInstant access (< 5min)
Easy to find?Easy to find
Public access?Public access
Special accessDon't know
Wave qualityRegional Classic
ExperienceAll surfers
FrequencyDon't know
DirectionRight and left
Normal lengthShort (< 50m)
Good day lengthShort (< 50m)
Good swell directionWest, SouthWest
Good wind directionNorth, NorthEast
Swell sizeStarts working at Less than 1m / 3ft and holds up to 2m+ / 6ft+
Best tide positionAll tides
Best tide movement
Week crowdCrowded
Week-end crowdCrowded
- Pollution
- Nudist colony (France only!)
Author: Anonymous Contributors (2) They surfed this spot ! (7)
No video available
|Aucune session
|Aucun voyage
By AnOnYmOuS , 23-04-2008
For all the wannasurfer !!! Watch and learn .. - There is definitly no wave in Nice this photo is bullshit !!!Fuckin dumb !!
The only spots in the French riviera works in s,ne,e,se in Antibes,Cannes "palm beach" but only for kiteboarder and very rarely in Villefranche s/mer and its only in the winter !!
You can surf in w,nw,sw in Italy, Vintimiglia !!
In all those spots there is very hard localism so for all the beginners you are not WELCOME !!!
By Anonymous , 15-11-2007
wat?!! - you got to be kiding me that is so not nice! That looks more like biscarosse
By sam , 11-06-2005
- I was in nice for a while and there are really not a lot of waves but if ur lucky u ll get some 2-3 feet waves.....not really a surf destination
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Goodness gracious!
If you can feel what I'm feeling then it's a musical masterpiece
If you can hear what I'm dealing with then that's cool at least
What's running through my mind comes through in my walk
True feelings are shown from the way that I talk
And this is me y'all, I emcee y'all
My name is MCA and I still do what I please
And now I'd like to introduce (what's up?)
I'll pass the mic to D for a fist full of truth
[Mike D]
The name is D, y'all and I don't play
And I can rock a block party 'til your hair turns grey
So, what you sayin'? I explode on site
I'm like Jimmy Walker I'm Dynomite
And now I'd like to pass the mic
To Adrock c'mon and do anything you like
I'm the A-D-R-O-C-K
In the place with the bass I'm going all the way
I can't stop, y'all, tock tick, y'all
And if you think that you're slick you'll catch a brick, y'all
'Cause I'mma turn it in and I'mma turn it out
But now I've got to pass the mic to Yauch
Well, on and on and on and on
I can't stop, y'all 'til the early morn'
So rock rock , y'all, tick tock, y'all
To the beat, y'all, c'mon and rock, y'all
[Adrock, MCA, & Mike D]
I give thanks for inspiration, it guides my mind along the way
A lot of people get jealous, they're talking about me
But that's just cause they haven't got a thing to say
[Mike D]
Well everybody's rapping like it's a commercial
Actin' like life is a big commercial
So this is what I've got to say to you all
Be true to yourself and you will never fall
And now I'd like to pass the mic to A
So what's your name, Yauch?
My name is MCA
I've been coming to where I am from the get go
Find that I can groove with the beat when I let go
So put your worries on hold
Get up and groove with the rhythm in your soul
And now I'd like to pass the mic (To who?)
To my brother Adrock c'mon and shine like a light
Yes, yes, y'all and yes, yes, y'all
I'm always on time never the less, y'all
And that's right y'all, I shed light, y'all
I've got no time in my life to get uptight, y'all
So what you gonna say that I don't know already?
I'm like Clyde and I'm Rockin' Steady
But time flies when you're having fun
So Mike D? (That's me!) C'mon and get some
[Mike D]
M.I.K.E. to the D
You come and see me and you pay a fee
Do what I do professionally
To tell the truth I am exactly what I want to be
Now Ad-Rock (Huh?) and MCA (Yeah?)
Let's rock this joint in the old school way
[Adrock, MCA, & Mike D]
Well I'm on 'til the crack of dawn
Mowing down emcees like I'm mowing a lawn
I go off like nothing can phase me
You think we'll ever meet Stevie? one of these days, D
But I can stand my ground and I am down
To wax an emcee who acts like a clown
But for now, I'd like to ask you how
You like the feel of the bass in your face in the crowd
"Pass the Mic" is Track 3 on Beastie Boys' third (full-length) LP Check Your Head. It was recorded and mixed at G-Son Studios, Atwater Village, CA,Co-produced by Beastie Boys & Mario C with Mario C acting as engineer. After sequencing at PCP Labs, "Pass the Mic" was issued as the first single, on April 7, 1992, two weeks ahead of the album release on 4.21.1992.
Samples include:
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7vqs7_james-newton-choir_music *Fun Fact: The 6-note flute sample from "Choir" led James Newton to sue for copyright infringement. The Ninth Circuit found that the Beastie Boys had not infringed on James Newton's music in the case Newton v. Diamond LLC BMG.
"Pass the Mic" was performed live in 203 known concerts.


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2013 NAIA Men?s Cross Country Runner of the Week - No. 1
By: Sam Knehans, Communications & Sports Information Intern
KANSAS CITY, Mo. — Mike Blaszczyk of St. Francis (Ill.) has been named the NAIA Men's Cross Country National Runner of the Week, the national office announced Wednesday. Blaszczyk was chosen for his performance during the week of Sept. 9 – 15 and was selected out of a pool of conference, independent, and unaffiliated grouping award winners.
Blaszczyk, a senior Novi, Mich., native, finished first among collegiate runners as top-ranked St. Francis captured the title at the 27-team Calvin College (Mich.) Knight Invitational. He covered the 8-kilometer course in 24:36. Blaszczyk finished 23rd at the 2012 NAIA Cross Country National Championships, earning All-America honors.
For the complete player of the week calendar, click here.
Nominees: Michael McCulloch, Columbia (Mo.); Tim Williams, Missouri Baptist; Arthur Vollbrecht, Park (Mo.); Alex Garcia, Reinhardt (Ga.); Taylor Tefelski, Milligan (Tenn.); Luiz Gonzalaz, Truett-McConnell (Ga.); Michael Hering , Montreat (N.C.); Wayne Smith, William Jessup (Calif.); Eric Ghelfi, Southern Oregon; Ethan Gallagher, Olivet Nazarene (Ill.); Andy Reidsma, Trinity Christian (Ill.); Miizael Carrera, Robert Morris (Ill.); Ryan Smith, Goshen (Ind.); Matt Hall, Taylor (Ind.); Jacob Reinking, Indiana Wesleyan; Noah Kiprono, Rocky Mountain (Mont.); Dante Carter, Dickinson State (N.D.); Skyler Giddings, Northwestern (Iowa); Hayden Hohnholt, Concordia (Neb.); Kwame Jackson, Xavier (La.); Etaslon Kabura, Graceland (Iowa); Phillip Cheruiyot, Missouri Valley; Jack Williams, British Columbia; Jeremiah Gerardy, Bethany (Kan.); Jeremy Johnson, Berea (Ky.); Seth Prince, Indiana East; Matt McKenzie, St. Louis Pharmacy (Mo.); Javier Vasquez, IU Kokomo; Connor Mulvaney, Point Park (Pa.); Sam Heaton, Georgetown (Ky.); Tanner Harp, Cumberland (Tenn.); Herbert Beyale, III, Haskell (Kan.); J R Snyder, Grand View (Iowa); Tj Mosbach, Mount Mercy (Iowa); Michael Lessor, Viterbo (Wis.); Aubrey Barnes, St. Ambrose (Iowa); Michael Hoffman, Dakota State (S.D.); Richard Langdeaux, Valley City State (N.D.); Connor Doppler, Jamestown (N.D.); David Swiatocha, Texas Wesleyan; Tekste Gebreslasse, John Brown (Ark.); Ryan Archie, William Carey (Miss.); Doug Mumme, Belhaven (Miss.); Jordan Travis, Spring Hill (Ala.); Josh Thatcher, Southern Wesleyan (S.C.); Anthony Vecchio, USC Beaufort (S.C.); Vincent Bett, Embry-Riddle (Fla.); Jonathan Nusbaum, Warner (Fla.); Jacob Alplund, Northwood (Fla.); Brandon Scott, Webber International (Fla.); Charles Sercer, Ave Maria (Fla.); Grant Gunneson, Aquinas (Mich.); Cam Magro, Davenport (Mich.); Aaron Belcher, Indiana Tech; Justin Bateson, Siena Heights (Mich.).
2013 Men's Cross Country Composite Award Winners
Week 1 (September 18): Mike Blaszczyk, St. Francis (Ill.)


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Packaging has become a huge part of our lives.
Almost all of the items we purchase come wrapped, often in
plastic film, surrounded by pellets or enveloped in
polystyrene. But now a natural, biodegradable packaging is
available that is literally grown!
'mushroom packaging', launched by Ecovative Design in
2010, is grown, using fungi cultured on a medium of husks,
hulls and woody biomass of different agricultural wastes including
rice, soy and cotton. These waste materials are the substrate
to which the fungal mycelium, essentially the root system of the
fungus, is added. As the mycelium grows through the waste it
secretes enzymes which decompose the waste – these two processes
bind and convert the waste into a structured, cohesive
Mycelium from the phylum
Basidiomycota (a group that includes mushrooms and
toadstools, bracket fungi, puffballs, rusts and smuts, amongst
others) are used to grow the packaging. As different species
of Basidomycota display different characteristics, the
exact species used in producing the packaging is dependent upon the
specific packaging requirements, e.g., thickness or
strength1. The final stage of the production
process stabilises the fungus, in effect stopping further growth
and preventing fungal spores being produced2. In a
controlled environment mushroom packaging can be grown within one
EcoCradleTM has proved to be as
lightweight, strong and durable as its petroleum-based plastic
counterpart. It offers thermal and physical protection
comparable to polystyrene packaging, as well as displaying flame
resistant and insulating properties. These unique features
have led to it being also used as house insulation.
Inc is one company already using EcoCradleTM
packaging to protect their furniture products during
Why do we need alternative packaging
Plastic accounts for over 50% of all retail
packaging3. Relatively cheap, lightweight, strong,
and durable, plastic is a versatile material that can be moulded
into many different shapes, thickness, size and
colours4. It is increasingly replacing many
traditional materials, such as wood, glass, metal, ceramic, and
paper, in a variety of uses. In 2009, 230 million
tonnes of plastic was produced globally for use in a wide variety
of applications from motor vehicle components to plastic bags
drinking cups, foam pellets and rigid moulded packaging5,
6. In 2008 the European Union generated 15.6 million
tonnes of plastic, UNEP estimates that each person in
Europe uses 100kg of plastic materials annually, and this is
estimated to reach 140kg by 20157.
Plastic manufacture impacts the environment in
many ways. Apart from contributing to the depletion of fossil
fuel resources8, plastics production uses and creates
large quantities of chemical pollutants, such as bisphenol
A(BPA)9, styrene, benzene — a known carcinogen, and
dioxins, all of which may contaminate water, air or soil10,
8. Potentially harmful emissions, released during
manufacture or breakdown in the environment, include heavy metals,
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sulphur oxides and dust
which can contribute to ozone depletion, smog, acid rain, and
increased levels of carcinogens in our environment8, 11.
Most plastics continue to be an environmental
hazard after use. The majority of plastic packaging is not
biodegradable and some will remain in the environment for many
hundreds of years.
Shipped around the world, much plastic has
been discarded into the sea as well as into landfills. Once
at sea the plastic floats, only slowly breaking down through the
affect of the sun and the waves into ever smaller pieces.
Ocean currents have caused the waste to collect in specific regions
and in 1997 the 'Great Pacific Garbage Patch' was discovered in the
north Pacific10. Since then four more floating
plastic 'islands' have been found in the world's oceans.
An estimated 80-90%12, 4, 10
of all marine debris is plastic,
and whether a recognisable product or microscopic particles it
endangers virtually all marine life12. To the
extent it enters the food chain, it can potentially affect humans
as well. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
identified plastic pollution as one of two key emerging issues in
global environmental protection7. New research
reported in UNEP's 2011 Year Book, suggests that plastic broken
down in the oceans into small fragments, together with pellets
discharged by industry may absorb a range of toxic chemicals linked
to cancer and impacts the reproductive processes of humans and
wildlife7. In particular UNEP raises the issue of
persistent, bio-accumulating and toxic substances associated with
plastic marine waste that cause chronic effects through endocrine
disruption, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. The potential
threats to human and ecosystem health increases as the toxins move
up the food chain7. UNEP calls for more research
into the impact of plastics in the marine environment.
The benefits of mushroom
Production of EcoCradleTM
packaging material from mycelia and waste reportedly
uses only 12% of the energy normally required in the
manufacture of plastic packaging at the same time reducing
carbon emissions by up to 90%1. This huge carbon
and energy saving is achieved by the use of renewable resources in
'growing' the packaging and the minimal emissions resulting from
less energy used in the production process. Being an all
natural biodegradable product once no longer useful this innovative
packaging can easily be discarded into a compost bin or shredded
for distribution directly on the soil. It decomposes
within 30-90 days, returning nutrients to the
In addition to these environmental benefits, this new approach
to packaging creates economic opportunities for rural communities
by transforming former agri-waste products, and possibly burdens on
local landfill facilities, into potential sources of farm
Economic potential
Packaging is the single largest
consumer of plastic accounting for 40% of this
€300billion-a-year industry in Europe6. Globally
packaging industry sales, worth approximately US $429 billion in
200913, is projected to rise to US $539 billion by
201414. The global market for sustainable
packaging, which includes bio-plastics (see Box 1) and packaging
made from plants, is estimated to reach US $142.42 billion by
201515. Currently, the bio-plastics market amounts
to just 1% of standard petrochemical-based polymer plastic
sales. However the bio-plastics market is projected to reach
125,000 tonnes in 2010 with a market value projected at US
$454m16. Historically, the cheap price of oil has
lead to limited development of this market, however, as oil prices
continue to rise, the demand for environmentally friendly products
grows, and polluters are forced to pay for the environmental
damages they cause, the price gap between plastic and alternative
packaging products will narrow.
Box 1. Buyer beware!
There is no clear definition of the term bio-plastics.
Bio-plastic means different things to different people. The common
understanding is that bio-plastics are made of renewable resources
and are completely biodegradable17, but this is not
necessarily the case.
Biodegradable or compostable
plastic is different from degradable plastic, which is a
conventional plastic with an additive that helps it break down over
a very long periods of time. Four facts serve to make this a very
tricky issue.
A bio-based plastic is a plastic derived from a
renewable source, but many bio-based plastics can also a contain
significant amount of petroleum products.
Bio-based materials are made entirely or
partly from biomass. Biomass comes from animals or plants that can
be rapidly re-grown. This excludes fossil fuels from being
called bio-based, even though technically they are made
from plants and animals from the distant past. Chemicals made
from starch, plant products, and insulation made from sheep's wool
are bio-based materials.
Bottom line: Check your
packaging carefully for the appropriate disposal method.
Source: NNFCC Newsletter – Issue 16.
Understanding Bio-based Content
While little information is available on the
economic costs of marine litter19, it does present
serious socio-economic impacts on various sectors and
authorities19. A report by Hall (2000) found that
local communities and businesses were faced with substantial costs
and polluters were not being made to pay for their actions.
In 2004 UK local authorities, industry and coastal communities
spend almost £14 million cleaning up marine litter 16,
7. These costs are even greater when other impacts are
considered; for example, costs to the Shetland community have been
considered to be upwards of £5.6 million per year when beach
cleaning, costs incurred by aquaculture, power generation, farming,
fishing, harbours and lifeboat launches are
Is totally natural packing
Using plant-based bio-plastics or sustainable
packaging, such as mushroom packaging, removes carbon dioxide from
the atmosphere as the plants/fungi grow. The carbon becomes
incorporated into the structure of the plants/fungi and this is
held onto as the plant/fungi become part of the packaging. At
the end of the packaging materials' life, the packaging, can be
recycled or composted, the carbon being released back to the
atmosphere or soil. Hence this product produces no net
increase of global carbon. There is an increasing range of
renewable-resource-based alternatives (see Box 2), primarily from
corn, sugar cane and starch but also bamboo, algae, seaweed, cashew
nuts, and byproducts from biofuel manufacture, as well as new
packaging solutions such as mushroom packaging. The long-term
feasibility of these products will depend not only on the
renewability and carbon footprint of these products, but on their
competition and complementarity with alternative land uses.
Box 2. A few of
the companies now using alternative packaging
Will these emerging low carbon, renewable
technologies drive global markets for photosynthesis derived
products? What are the implications for land currently used for
food and energy production or land that has value for wildlife and
nature conservation? These questions are difficult to answer
but as more studies and life-cycle analyses of new product ranges
are undertaken the picture will become clearer. Studies to
date indicate that competition with other land uses (agriculture,
biofuels) is not currently significant. This is because
many of the alternative packaging options often use waste products
from a variety of rural based industries. Moreover the global
distribution of bioplastics manufacturers limits the geographic
concentration of raw materials demand.
Biodiversity impacts
Clearly the majority of the plastic packaging
we currently use adversely impacts biodiversity, and will continue
to do so for many and in some cases hundreds of years.
Turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, one of their main food
sources, and many species of birds such as albatross mistake the
smaller plastic pellets for fish eggs or the red plastic for
squid. They mistakenly scoop up the plastic, together with
any surrounding debris and feed it to their chicks12,
many of whom then suffer from poor nutrition. As a result
many species of albatross, such as the Laysan Albatross
(Phoebastria immutabilis), are threatened with
The United Nations Environment Programme
estimates that plastic debris causes the death of over one million
seabirds and at least 100,000 sea mammals each
year20. Six of the seven species of sea turtles
and 44% of seabirds are affected by ingestion of marine
debris21. The longevity of plastics in the marine
environment also enables other species to 'piggy-back' on the
plastic and disperses around the oceans – potentially causing
problems with invasive alien species22. By
comparison, mushroom packaging decomposes readily if littered, and,
should it be ingested, poses no risk to wildlife although it has no
nutritional value23. Any switch to
renewable-resource-based plastics would seem to have several
significant advantages.
The fungi kingdom is estimated to have 1.5
million species, of which, over 90% are yet to be
identified24. Fungi are principle decomposers and
play a critical role in nutrient recycling, often working in
partnership with other species (symbiotic relationship), such as
the roots of various plants (as mycrorrhiza), and providing
nutrients their partners' growth25. Fungi grow in
all the major ecosystems, from the polar regions to the deep seas,
but tend to be largely overlooked. Only two species
have been identified as being at risk of
extinction26. Different species of fungi display
different characteristics, meaning that the potential of this group
of species to support industrial innovation could be enormous.
Increasing packaging legislation and the
banning of chemicals, many of which are found in household plastic
items27, 28, within the EU and nationally is placing
greater demands on producers to reduce packaging, packaging waste
and composition. The move to non-petroleum based, natural and
biodegradable packaging products has the potential to reduce human
reliance on fossil fuels, reduce associated carbon emissions, and
at the same time reduce plastic waste and its impact on the
environment. The alternative packaging concepts examined
above offer the opportunity to use biodiversity for multiple
benefits, including protecting biodiversity.
Further reading:
European Commission (2010)
waste in the environment – Final Report DG Environment
UNEP (2011) Year Book 2011
Emerging Issues in our Global Environment. United
Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
Moulded mushroom packaging,
EcoCradleTM © Ecovative
Mycelium © Forest
EcoCradle mushroom packaging ©
SteelCase Inc
Sea of Plastic © Coastal
Bamboo packaging © Dell
Albatross © Chris


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Kemi to Prague Flights (KEM-PRG)
Kemi to Prague
When it's time to leave the snowy landscapes behind, book your flights from Kemi with Finnair and depart from Kemi–Tornio Airport (KEM). We invite you to fly to one of over 100 major cities around the world and we endeavour to make your flight enjoyable, with access to our Nordic Sky Entertainment platform which offers movies, music, and more for everyone.
Kemi–Tornio Airport is located around 6 km from Kemi and 18 km from Tornio. Taxis operate from Kemi to the airport in a short 15-minute journey, and from Tornio it takes 25 minutes.
Departing from Kemi with Finnair
- At Finnair, we believe that flying should be simple and therefore both online and mobile check-in are available for flights from Kemi–Tornio Airport.
- We operate up to three flights a day so that you can travel at a time that suits you best.
- For flights from Kemi, travel with Finnair and experience flight the Nordic way.
A city of medieval squares and narrow cobblestone streets, Prague is one of Europe's finest travel destinations. Its mix of historic sites, friendly atmosphere and European cosmopolitan feel attracts more than 5 million visitors per year, and we cover the best of these in the Finnair travel guide to Prague. With so much to see and do, a trip to this city on the Vltava is a must-do on your European vacation.
Like a living fairy tale, Prague is filled with fantastic buildings from different centuries. The view from the Charles Bridge over the Vltava River and the red brick roofs is among the most beautiful in Europe. Prague Castle is the biggest mediaeval castle in the world, and the St. Vitus Cathedral and the Church of our Lady Before Týn are wonderful examples of gothic architecture. The beautiful baroque buildings in Malá Strana, or the Little Quarter, look like beautifully detailed doll's houses.
Built in Art Nouveau style, Hotel Evropa on the lively Wenceslas Square offers a luxurious stay, and the numerous outdoor restaurants around the square are perfect for sampling world-famous Czech beer. The futuristic Dancing house by Frank Gehry creates an interesting contrast with the historical buildings. To gain insight into the rich history of Prague, which spans over a thousand years, visit the City Museum, Museum of Communism and the Jewish quarter Josefov.
Charles Bridge - Spanning the Vltava river and connecting old Prague with the far bank is this beautiful medieval bridge. It has stood for many hundreds of years since its construction during the reign of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV. Since then it has seen millions of visitors who come for the picturesque river views, making this one of the most popular sights in Prague. Walking across towards Prague Castle, perched high above the city, you'd be forgiven for thinking you'd stepped back into the Middle Ages. The largest ancient castle in the world, its imposing walls and stout fortifications have served as the seat of power in the area for centuries.
Completing the medieval feeling is the Old Town Square where a hive of activity day and night bustles with tourists, diners, locals and vendors all coming together to form a lively arena of activity surrounded by beautiful gothic buildings. Check out the Astronomical Clock on the wall of the Old City Hall, a marvel of science in its time. Moreover, Prague has long had a Jewish population, which has formed a valuable part of its identity. The Old Jewish Cemetery, the final resting place of some of these Czechs, is an interesting sight all of its own and worth a visit.
- Konopiste Castle – A fairy-tale castle set on a lake among the woods, it is less than an hour from Prague by car. Enjoy some medieval magic.
- Terezin Concentration Camp – An education centre, tours and a memorial provide a sobering view of this World War II site.
- Karlovy Vary – A few hours from the city, this spa town has the soothing mineral waters and bubbling pools you'll crave after a long day of walking around the capital.
Despite being all about the Old Town, Prague shopping has modern options on top of the usual tourist wares. New shopping malls are springing up, and you can find most brands you've become accustomed to elsewhere in Europe.
- Old Town Square – Geared almost exclusively towards tourists, it's still a pleasant (if not crowded) place to pick up Czech crystal, souvenirs and natural goods from the many market vendors.
- Palladium – A great stop for shopping, Prague's modern mall is just a short walk from the Old Town Square. You'll find many modern European and international brands along with eateries and cafés, making it a great stop for shopping in Prague.
- Wenceslas Square – Actually a long boulevard, this shopping area is similar in content to Palladium but with the addition of some upper-tier brands. The pedestrian streets branching off provide some good, local shopping opportunities.
- Pařížská Street – Luxury-brand aficionados need only head here where all the famous labels are located.
Prague's food and drink scene embraces both traditional Czech fare along with modern cuisine. As the city has modernised, it hasn't forgotten its roots however, and hearty Czech food and drink is available around every corner.
- Svíčková – A true food of Prague, this is beef sirloin served in a creamy sauce with traditional Czech bread dumplings.
- Lángos – Actually from Hungary, this fried dough masterpiece has made its way to Prague. Topped with garlic, tomato sauce and cheese, it is the perfect snack to keep you going on a chilly day.
- Guláš – Well-known as Goulash in English, this is stewed meat served in a thick, brown sauce with a variety of sides.
- Řízek – Traditional Czech schnitzel of beef, veal or pork that is coated and fried, then served with dumplings.
- Žemlovka – A sweet dish made with apple soaked in milk and flavoured with vanilla, then baked until golden.
- Beer – Pilsner was first brewed in the Czech Republic, and the beer culture here is strong. Well-known brands like Pilsner Urquell and Budvar are very popular, while many more styles and flavours are also available.
- Wine and spirits – Both widely available and cheap with Prague's famous Absinthe available for those brave enough to try.
- Coffee – Enjoyed everywhere in all the usual styles. There are many small, charming coffee spots tucked away in the alleys, so don't be afraid to explore.
Getting around in Prague is quite easy thanks to its many pedestrian-friendly areas and the efficient metro system. Transport in Prague is relatively cheap compared to other European capitals.
- Metro – Three lines serve the city with several stops in places of interest for tourists. The system is reliable and affordable, especially the 24-hour or 3-day ticket. Always validate your ticket when entering the metro station.
- Bus – Buses run earlier and later than the metro; they are a good option if you're out late. They can also take you outside the city to farther-away destinations. Validate your ticket when you get on. If you are not able to make the climb up to Prague Castle, a bus is recommended.
- Tram – More than 20 tram lines weave through the city, so they provide a convenient way to quickly get around town.
- By foot – Prague is very easy to walk around. The narrow streets of Old Town can mean pedestrians share limited space with cars, but it is not dangerous. Many areas are for pedestrians only. Distances between sights can be quite long, but if you have time, there are many beautiful scenes to see by foot.
- Currency – Czech Koruna (Kč).
- Electricity – 220 volts, 50 hz, European type C plug.
- Tips – Not formally expected but appreciated if given. Most restaurants include a service charge and perhaps a cover fee.
- Payment/card – Widely accepted. Carry cash for shopping at the markets.
- Time zone – CET/UTC+1.
- Water – Usually safe to drink, but bottled water is available everywhere.
Weather in Prague
Popular Routes and Flight Deals
The Prices displayed are the lowest available in the previous 48 hours on Finnair.com and valid for travel dates as shown above.
Prices are subject to availability at the time of booking online with Finnair.com. Finnair reserves the right to change prices at any time.
Prices include return flights in Economy Class for one person as well as applicable taxes and fuel surcharges. The break down will be shown during your booking process.
Please check the individual fare rules for detailed terms and conditions during your booking process.
Advance purchase up to 60 days may apply and impact the available fares.


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Type Definitions
You define new types from existing types. Built-in value types, pointers, arrays, and delegates are defined when they are used and are referred to as implicit types. Types can be nested; that is, a type can be a member of another type.
For the specific syntax needed to define .NET Framework types, as well as examples that illustrate the elements of a type definition, see the reference documentation for specific .NET Framework languages.
A type definition includes:
Any attributes defined on the type.
The type's visibility.
The type's name.
The type's base type.
Any interfaces implemented by the type.
Definitions for each of the type's members.
Attributes provide additional user-defined metadata. Attributes can be applied to almost any language element — types, properties, methods, and so on.
Type Accessibility
All types have an accessibility modifier that governs their accessibility from other types. The following table describes the type accessibilities supported by the runtime.
The type is accessible by all assemblies.
The type is accessible only from within the assembly.
The accessibility of a nested type depends on its accessibility domain, which is determined by both the declared accessibility of the member and the accessibility domain of the immediately containing type. However, the accessibility domain of a nested type cannot exceed that of the containing type.
The accessibility domain of a nested member M declared in a type T within a program P is defined as follows (noting that M might itself be a type):
If the declared accessibility of M is public, the accessibility domain of M is the accessibility domain of T.
If the declared accessibility of M is protected internal, the accessibility domain of M is the intersection of the accessibility domain of T with the program text of P and the program text of any type derived from T declared outside P.
If the declared accessibility of M is protected, the accessibility domain of M is the intersection of the accessibility domain of T with the program text of T and any type derived from T.
If the declared accessibility of M is internal, the accessibility domain of M is the intersection of the accessibility domain of T with the program text of P.
If the declared accessibility of M is private, the accessibility domain of M is the program text of T.
Type Names
The common type system imposes only two restrictions on names:
All names are encoded as strings of Unicode (16-bit) characters.
Names are not permitted to have an embedded (16-bit) value of 0x0000.
All comparisons are done on a byte-by-byte basis, and are thus case-sensitive and locale-independent.
Although a type might reference types from other modules and assemblies, a type is fully defined within one module. Type names need only be unique within an assembly. To fully identify a type, the type name must be qualified by the assembly that contains the implementation of the type. For more information, see Specifying Fully Qualified Type Names.
Base Types and Interfaces
A type can inherit values and behaviors from another type. The common type system does not allow types to inherit from more than one base type.
A type can implement any number of interfaces. To implement an interface, a type must implement all the virtual members of that interface. A virtual method can be implemented by a derived type and can be invoked either statically or dynamically. For more information about virtual members, see Type Members. For more information about inheritance and interfaces, see Classes and Interfaces.
Type Members
The behavior and state of a type are defined by the members of the type: events, fields, nested types, methods, and properties. For more information, see Type Members.
See Also
Other Resources
Assemblies in the Common Language Runtime


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Rocklands Deer Park
Rocklands Park Kids Playground is a popular family destination in Cape Town. It is located next to a coffee shop and restaurant, the Deer Park Cafe. A dedicated committee has managed to turn this park into one of the best equipped playgrounds in town. Children have access to wooden climbing structures, creative animals sculptures, mosaic benches and a giant caterpillar for balancing and play. Rocklands Park has become a popular spot for birthday parties which are also hosted at the Café.
Daily @ 8am – 8pm
Deer Park Café, 2 Deerpark Drive, Vredehoek, Cape Town, Tel: (021) 462 6311
Le Bonheur Crocodile Farm in Paarl
A kid-friendly destination offering prime croc viewing close to Cape Town
Almost every little tyke has pored over picture books etched with sketches of the prehistoric-looking crocodile. But despite living in 'wild' Africa, very few Cape Town-born kids have actually seen one of these intriguing creatures in the flesh. Le Bonheur in the tiny hamlet of Simondium just outside Paarl delights and enchants youngsters' imaginations by giving them this rare opportunity.
Monday – Sunday: 9am – 5pm(Open throughout all seasons)
Adults R58 & Kids R32
R45, Babylonstoren, Paarl, Tel: (021) 863 1142
World of Birds
Is the largest bird park in Africa and one of the few large bird parks in the World. Over 3 000 birds (and small animals) of 400 different species are uniquely presented in more than 100 spacious landscaped walk through aviaries, allowing you the most intimate closeness with nature.
Daily @ 9am – 5pm
Adults R90 & Kids (3-16yrs) R45
Wildlife Sanctuary, Valley Road, Houtbay, Tel: 021 790 2730
Create a masterpiece (or mess) on a blank canvas, while listening to funky music. Artjammers are provided with a menu of 12 different size canvases, easels, a selection of non-toxic acrylic paints, brushes and tools to freely express themselves. Great idea for children's parties!
Cape Quarter, Cavendish Square, The Paddocks, V&A Waterfront &Willowbridge Centre, www.artjamming.co.za
Acrobranching gives you and the kids the chance to unleash your inner-ape and go swinging through the tree tops. This is another fantastic holiday activity for the entire family if the weather decides to play along. The Acrobranch Park in Constantia consists of three courses, each some equipped with zip lines, sing bridges and Tarzan swings.
Adults R140 / 180 & Kids R100 / 140 / 180
Constantia, Tel: 081 8511765
Bugz Family Playpark
An activity-filled park in Kraaifontein with a huge outdoor playground and an impressive indoor play area suited for children from 2 to 10 years old. There are pedal cars, jumping castles, rowing boats, swing horses, mini tractor rides, a choochoo train as well as free play areas, horse rides and magic shows.
Adults R35 / 50 & Kids R60 / R120
Open Daily @ 9am-5pm
Kraaifontein, Tel: (021) 988 8836
Discover a unique Two Oceans Aquarium in the Waterfront
One of the top tourist attractions in Cape Town and over 3000 living sea animals, including sharks, fishes, turtles and penguins can be5 seen this spectacular underwater nature reserve.
Open: Daily @ 9:30am – 6pm (incl. Public Holidays)
Adults R150/R135, (Students & Pensioners) / R110/R100 & Kids R110/R100 (14yrs-17yrs) & R70/R65 (4yrs-13yrs) & Children under 4 enter for FREE.
Two Ocean Aquarium Cape Town, V&A Waterfront, Cape Town, Tel: (021) 418 3823
Beautiful Butterfly World
Visit this Winelands paradise and be privileged to see resting butterflies, exotic spiders and scary scorpions up close.
Monday – Friday @ 9am – 3pm
Adults R72 & Kids R41
Route 44, Klapmuts (near Stellenbosch and Paarl), CapeWinelands, and Tel: (021) 875 5628
Noordhoek Farm Village
Renowned for long white sandy beaches, vast wetlands and ancient milkwood forest, Noordhoek epitomizes a relaxed, unhurried lifestyle that is sought after by many environmentalists and artists, so don't be surprised to find horses, pigs, cows, hens, ducks and rabbits roaming the gardens and open public spaces.
Noordhoek Farm Village,Noordhoek, Tel: (021) 789 2812
Teamwork, stealth and strategy are all part of what makes it so exciting. Hiding behind trees, belly crawling through the grass or strategising with their team will soon make them forget about their computers.
Monday – Sunday: 9:15am-12:45pm, 1:15pm – 4:45pm
Area 51, Imhoff Farm, Kommetjie, Cape Town, Tel: (021) 790 7603
Camel Riding
If the paintball sounds a bit too hectic then why not take your kids for a camel ride at Imhoff Farm next door to the paintball.
Tuesdays – Sundays and public holidays: 12pm – 4pm
Please be aware that rides are not offered when it is raining or in stormy weather.
Imhoff Farm, Kommetjie, Cape Town, Tel: 082 3443163
Pirate Boat
Craving adventure on the high seas? Set sail aboard the Jolly Roger and enjoy the live pirate show out at sea. Children will love the authentic looking pirate ship and the sense of adventure that the crew helps to create.
Opening times: Subject to weather conditions
V&A Waterfront Harbour, Cape Town, Tel: (021) 421 0909
Cool Runnings Tobogganing Park
We've swapped sunshine and beaches for the lure of snow here in Cape Town but that doesn't mean we have to miss out on the winter sports they get to enjoy elsewhere.
Opening Times: Tuesday – Friday: 12pm -6pm, Saturday-Sunday: 9am-6pm
Off Carl Cronje Drive, Opposite BellvilleVelodrome, Tel: (021) 949 4439
Cape Town Museums
The musty smell of old photographs and historic artefacts in well-lit showrooms offers a welcome retreat from the rainy weather outside.
25 Queen Victoria Street, Cape Town, Tel: (021) 481 3900
The Science Centre
A world of discovery under one roof, the Science Centre features a wide variety of interactive displays and exciting activities for your enjoyment.
Monday to Saturday 9am – 4:30pm; Sundays & Public Holidays 10am – 4:30pm
370B Main Road, Observatory, Cape Town, Tel: (021) 300 3200
Clay Café
The Clay Café makes for a memorable day of creativity and recreation for children and parents alike.
Monday – Sunday @ 9am – 5pm
Old Dairy, Oakhurst Farm, Main Road, Hout Bay, Tel: (021) 790 3318
Green Point Park
Perfect for a family outing with scooter, bikes and picnic baskets.
Open Daily @ 7am – 7pm
Green Point Park, Bay Road, Green Point, Tel: (021) 417 0111
Monkey Town
Monkey TownMonkey Town is a sanctuary for 28 exotic monkey species from all over the world. Guided tours, feeding-time talks, touch farm yard, play-park and restaurant. There is also interaction with tame monkeys under guided supervision.
Mondeor Rd, Somerset West (Turn off from N2),Tel: (021) 858 1060
Bounce World
Bounce World is the largest indoor inflatable play area in South Africa.
Saturdays and Sundays
Montague Arena, 15 Montague Drive, Montague Gardens, Cape Town, Tel: (021) 552 3165
Bizzy Bodies
Cape Town's biggest indoor play gym is also its busiest, offering active play experiences for children aged 9 months to 12 years.
Monday – Saturday @ 10am – 5pm
23 Bell Crescent, Westlake Business Park, Westlake, Tel: (021) 702 0505
Cave Golf
This 18 hole indoor mini-golf course offers just the right blend of fun and frustration. A two-player game should take about half an hour, perfect for rainy days.
Open Daily @ 9am – 4:30pm
Next to Scratch Patch, Dock Road, V&A Waterfront, Tel: (021) 419 9429
Stadium Bowling
Ten Pin Bowling is a great activity to be enjoyed with friends and colleagues.
Monday – Thursday @ 9am – 10pm, Friday – Saturday @ 9am – 12am & Sunday @ 10am – 10pm
Stadium on Main Shopping Centre, Main Road Claremont, Tel: (021) 671 4759
Scratch Patch
For a very unique experience search through the sea of colourful gemstones beneath you feet while picking out your favourites. This is a great activity for people of all ages.
Monday – Friday @ 8:30am – 4:45pm
Saturday – Sunday @ 9am – 5:15pm
Dido Valley Road Simonstown, Tel: (021) 786 2020
Monday – Sunday @ 9am – 5:30pm
V&A Waterfront, Tel: (021) 419 9429
The Boulders Penguin Colony
Welcome to paradise: penguins and beautiful beaches in a seaside village. Penguins live almost exclusively in the southern hemisphere, but yes, you will also find them in South Africa, in the seaside village Simon's Town in False Bay between Fish Hoek and Cape Point – an easy hour's drive from Cape Town.
February – March: 8am – 6.30pm
April – September: 8am – 5pm
October – November: 8am – 6.30pm
December – January: 7am – 7.30pm
Conservation fee: Adults, R45 adults; children under the age of 12, R20 @ free entrance for WILD card holders.
Sanparks, Tel: (021) 786 2329
The Company's Garden
Featuring a historical city park, a rose garden, a fish pond, an aviary & numerous trees of botanical and historical significance.
Summer: 7am – 7pm & Winter: 7am – 6pm
Queen Victoria Street, Cape Town, Tel: (021) 400 2521
De Waal Park
A cool retreat in summer, dogs delight in the pond around the Victorian fountain while the children enjoy themselves in the playground.
Open daily @ 8am – 6pm
Upper Orange Road, Gardens, Cape Town, Tel: (021) 400 2521
Trafalgar Park
This park is situated in Woodstock & is a safe place for children to play.
Open Daily: 8am – 6pm
Corner Victoria Road & Searle Street, Woodstock, Tel: (021) 400 3031
Arderne Gardens
The Arderne Gardens, with its Japanese garden, shady glades and romantic nooks, conjures up happy memories for many Capetonians as a place to bring young children or take precious wedding photographs.
Open Daily @ 9am – 4pm
Main Street, Claremont, Tel: (021) 689 4185
Rondebosch Park
This is an open park with big trees, and features a variety of flora. There are pathways for gentle walks and its lawns provide ample space for picnics.
Open Daily @ 8am – 6pm
Corner Campground Road & Sandown Roads, Rondebosch, Tel: (021) 689 4185
Maynardville Park
This district park features rolling expanses of lawn populated with trees and a vibrant eco-system of birds. The garden includes the famous Maynardville open-air theatre. There is also a water feature and children's playground.
Opening hours: daily 8am – 6pm
Corner Church & Wolfe Street | Wynberg | Cape Town | +27 (0)21 689 4185
Wynberg Park
Wynberg Park is where the spring of the Krakeelwater River begins. This district park features a conifer garden, children's playground, duck pond, lawns, and ideal for walking dogs, picnics and braais.
Open Daily @ 8am – 6pm
Corner Klaassens & Trovato Link Roads, Wynberg, Tel: (021) 689 4185
Durbanville Rose Garden
This district park is a historical site, and is also home to numerous farm graves. It features 500 varieties of rose bushes. Visitors and tourists are invited to enjoy tea among the rose bushes at the park's Tea Room on Sundays during flowering season.
Size: 1.5 hectares
Opening daily @ daily 8am – 6pm
Durban Road, Durbanville, Tel: (021) 970 3129
Abseil Africa
Enjoy a 112m controlled decent from the top of Table Mountain, not only experience a surge of adrenalin but also witness Cape Town's beautiful beaches and breathtaking views from above.
R695pp (excluding cable car fee)
www.abseilafrica.co.za, Tel: (021) 424 4760
City Rock
When the weather is keeping you inside, go to CityROCK, one of Cape Town's indoor climbing gyms. With its bouldering cave, lead wall, and 10m high climbing area you won't even know it's raining outside.
21 Anson Street, Observatory, Tel: (021) 447 1326
Fynbos Horse Trails
Enjoy a full or half day guided horse tour through the beautiful vineyards beneath the Hawequa Mountains.
www.fynbostrails.com, Tel: 082 3358132
Take the leap & experience Cape Town's beauty from a bird's eye view.
Tel: 082 8006290, www.skydivecapetown.za.net
Shark Zone
The Company specialises in shark cage diving and viewing tours, who pride themselves on service and the best price guarantee.
Tel: 082 8944979, www.sharkzone.co.za


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Some cries just need to be ignored.
That seems strange to say and may seen overly hard-nosed to some, but its true. The fact is not every cry deserves attention. In the case of my 18-month-old toddler, I would say more often than not simply disregarding the cry improves the situation quicker than making a fuss over it.
Beckett, presumably like most kids, has been known to be quite dramatic at times, whether it's through a minor tantrum, major meltdown or an attention-seeking whimper, particularly when he does not get his way.
It's worth pointing out here that he usually does get his way, but there are times when he can get a little hot under the collar at me if I am cramp his style. On the rare occasions this happens, it seems the best way he knows how to express himself is through a good old-fashioned, angry cry, which is quite different and easy to decipher from those of the pain variety.
Here's a look at some recent anger cries that come to mind:
— The boy loves a bath, and it remains one of the highlights of my day. However, 15 to 20 minutes is usually the maximum amount for bath time. It never ceases to amaze me that every night he cries as I pull him out of the tub and dry him off. I don't take it personally. I honestly think Beckett would pitch a fit even if we spent an hour in the tub. He is just infatuated with it, especially relishing putting his hand under the running faucet and splashing himself and everything around him. He also loves breaking out his "running man" impression in the tub, which scares the daylights out of me.
— The love affair with the banana continues around our house as well. It's usually the first word out of his mouth in the morning. The other day he did warm my heart when he said, "dada nana" instead, but usually it's just a string of nanas ringing through the house in the morning. My wife reminded me early on to keep his banana intake to a half because they have been known to cause some backups on the business side. The one time I did not take her advice there was a long dry spell. Of course, Beckett does not understand that his banana consumption needs to be regulated and therefore screams his head off when it's all gone.
I can usually calm him down with a sippie cup of milk or juice. That is, until he pounds that, throws the cup down on the floor and goes about his other business. I find this bruiser attitude hilarious I must admit.
— Beckett's fondness for the kitchen has been known to cause some stress for whoever is trying to cook because he can now reach objects on the countertop. For months, my wife has been telling me to be particularly aware of him because he can now pull pots and pans from the stove. If either is hot, that could be a serious thing, of course. I experienced this first thing the other day, but I am happy to report all ended well. Fortunately, I caught him in the act and a crisis was averted. While making him dinner, I looked over in the kitchen to find my little guy, standing on his toes with his hand on the top of a cutting board. I was able to get there in time before he yanked or slapped everything on to the floor. Nothing on it would have hurt him, but it would have been a fine mess. The fact he could not get what he wanted agitated him to the point he plopped down on his bottom and threw a tantrum. The Diego theme song cut it short, sending him running excitedly for the living room.
— While in the kitchen, a cool game he has developed involves the refrigerator. Whenever the fridge door is opened, he races over and likes to sit on the edge and remove all the items on from the shelves. I find this to be harmless, except when he puts his mouth over the Sriracha hot sauce lid. He could go about taking items off the shelves and putting them back for hours it seems, but after a few minutes the wasted energy of an appliance door open makes me feel guilty. He clearly does not care about that at this point as a short meltdown always follows when the door is closed.
— Another example of the angry cries unfolds whenever it comes to changing his diaper. This is not something he enjoys at all, and I think it all boils down to patience. He despises not being able to do what he wants and being manhandled during a diaper change qualifies as something he would prefer not to do. Obviously, this is a must so the cries are largely ignored, resulting in a competitive wrestling match. The main problem here is he's getting stronger and more elusive and can sometimes wiggle free. That can have messy consequences for all involved.
Sometimes I think he just cries for no reason. Other times when he should work himself into a nice lather he does not. This was epitomized when he received an immunization at the pediatrician's office the other day. He cried for a second until I let him down and we never heard anything from him again on that. That was strange. A cry would have been deserved in this case.
All in all, there are times you just have to let a kid cry it out. Many books have been published on this, dealing mostly with the sleeping aspect. It seems to me it also applies to many aspects of daily life.
As to be expected, that's not the conclusion my son comes to when I often ask him, "Why are you crying Beckett?" For some reason, whenever I ask him that, his face turns red and he cries even more. Fortunately, two seconds later, something grabs his attention and he's quickly giggling, although the remnants of tears are still present. I love that short-term memory thing.


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I won't lie, this weeks Threadless crop is unbelievably awesome and that makes for an amazing Episode #21 of Coty Loves Threadless! Freakanaut by Aaron Hogg gets all my praise this weeks and is my Threadless Pick of the Week! And how about the rest, you'll have to watch! If you haven't yet, be sure to check out and vote for my TypeTees slogan submissions – I'm submitting one every day until I get printed! Every vote counts so vote for a slogan and help me get printed.
Coty Loves Threadless #21 on YouTube. Also, I'll give you a hug if you subscribe to me on YouTube!
Freakanaut by Aaron Hogg is my Threadless Pick of the Week!


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This information is produced and provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. For the most current information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the Internet web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER.
This patient summary on post-traumatic stress disorder is adapted from the summary written for health professionals by cancer experts. This and other credible information about cancer treatment, screening, prevention, supportive care, and ongoing clinical trials, is available from the National Cancer Institute. Better treatment of many cancers has resulted in more patients experiencing longer periods of disease-free survival. This has also led to more patients experiencing psychological problems, which are collectively called post-traumatic stress disorder. This brief summary describes post-traumatic stress disorder, its symptoms, and its treatment.
This summary is about post-traumatic stress disorder in adults with cancer.
Some survivors of cancer experience trauma -related symptoms similar to symptoms experienced by people who have survived highly stressful situations, such as military combat, natural disasters, violent personal attack (such as rape), or other life-threatening events. This group of symptoms is called post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and includes avoiding situations related to the trauma, continuously thinking of the trauma, and being overexcited.
People with histories of cancer are considered to be at risk for PTSD. The physical and mental shock of having a life-threatening disease, of receiving treatment for cancer, and living with repeated threats to one's body and life are traumatic experiences for many cancer patients.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined as the development of certain symptoms following a mentally stressful event that involved actual death or the threat of death, serious injury, or a threat to oneself or others. For the person who has experienced a diagnosis of cancer, the specific trauma that triggers PTSD is unclear. It may be the actual diagnosis of a life-threatening illness, aspects of the treatment process, test results, information given about recurrence, or some other aspect of the cancer experience. Learning that one's child has cancer is traumatic for many parents. Because the cancer experience involves so many upsetting events, it is much more difficult to single out one event as a cause of stress than it is for other traumas, such as natural disasters or rape. The traumatic event may cause responses of extreme fear, helplessness, or horror and may trigger PTSD symptoms.
PTSD in cancer survivors may be expressed in these specific behaviors:
To be diagnosed as PTSD, these symptoms must last for at least one month and cause significant problems in the patient's personal relationships, employment, or other important areas of daily life. Patients who have these symptoms for less than one month often develop PTSD later.
As many as one third of people who experience an extremely upsetting event, including cancer, develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The event alone does not explain why some people get PTSD and others don't. Although there is no clear answer as to which cancer survivors are at increased risk of developing PTSD, certain mental, physical, or social factors may make some people more likely to experience it.
Individual and social factors
Individual and social factors that have been associated with a higher incidence of PTSD include younger age, fewer years of formal education, and lower income.
Disease-related factors
Certain disease-related factors are associated with PTSD:
Mental factors
Mental factors may affect the development of PTSD in some patients:
Protective factors
Certain factors may decrease a person's chance of developing PTSD. These include increased social support, accurate information about the stage of the cancer, and a satisfactory relationship with the medical staff.
How PTSD may develop
PTSD symptoms develop by both conditioning and learning. Conditioning explains the fear responses caused by certain triggers that were first associated with the upsetting event. Neutral triggers (such as smells, sounds, and sights) that occurred at the same time as upsetting triggers (such as chemotherapy or painful treatments) later cause anxiety, stress, and fear even when they occur alone, after the trauma has ended. Once established, PTSD symptoms are continued through learning. The patient learns that avoiding the triggers prevents unpleasant feelings and thoughts, so coping by avoidance continues.
Although conditioning and learning are part of the process, many factors may explain why one person develops PTSD and another does not.
It is important that cancer patients undergo a careful assessment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) so that early symptoms may be identified and treated. The timing of this assessment will vary with the individual patient. Cancer is an experience of repeated traumas and undetermined length. The patient may experience stress symptoms anytime from diagnosis through completion of treatment and cancer recurrence. In patients who have a history of victimization (such as Holocaust survivors) and who have PTSD or its symptoms from these experiences, symptoms can be started again by certain triggers experienced during their cancer treatment (for example, clinical procedures such as being inside MRI or CT scanners). While these patients may have problems adjusting to cancer and cancer treatment, their PTSD symptoms may vary, depending on other factors. The symptoms may become more or less prevalent during and after the cancer treatment.
Symptoms of PTSD usually begin within the first 3 months after the trauma, but sometimes they do not appear for months or even years afterwards. Therefore, cancer survivors and their families should be involved in long-term monitoring.
Some people who have experienced an upsetting event may show early symptoms without meeting the full diagnosis of PTSD. However, these early symptoms predict that PTSD may develop later. Early symptoms also indicate the need for repeated and long-term follow-up of cancer survivors and their families.
Diagnosing PTSD can be difficult since many of the symptoms are similar to other psychiatric problems. For example, irritability, poor concentration, increased defensiveness, excessive fear, and disturbed sleep are symptoms of both PTSD and anxiety disorder. Other symptoms are common to PTSD, phobias, and panic disorder. Some symptoms, such as loss of interest, a sense of having no future, avoidance of other people, and sleep problems may indicate the patient has PTSD or depression. Even without PTSD or other problems, normal reactions to the cancer diagnosis and treatment of a life-threatening disease can include interfering thoughts, separating from people and the world, sleep problems, and over-excitability.
Questionnaires and interviews are used by health care providers to assess if the patient has symptoms of stress and to determine the diagnosis.
Other problems may also exist in addition to PTSD. These problems can include substance abuse, emotional problems, and other anxiety disorders, including major depression, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, social fears, and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are long-lasting and serious. It may affect the patient's ability to have a normal lifestyle and may interfere with personal relationships, education, and employment. Because avoiding places and persons associated with cancer is part of PTSD, the syndrome may prevent the patient from seeking medical treatment. It is important that cancer survivors receive information about the possible psychological effects of their cancer experience and early treatment of symptoms of PTSD. Therapies used to treat PTSD are those used for other trauma victims. Treatment may involve more than one type of therapy.
The crisis intervention method tries to lessen the symptoms and return the patient to a normal level of functioning. The therapist focuses on solving problems, teaching coping skills, and providing a supportive setting for the patient.
Some patients are helped by methods that teach them to change their behaviors by changing their thinking patterns. Some of these methods include helping the patient understand symptoms, teaching coping and stress management skills (such as relaxation training), teaching the patient to reword upsetting thoughts, and helping the patient become less sensitive to upsetting triggers. Behavior therapy is used when the symptoms are avoidance of sexual activity and intimate situations.
Support groups may also help people who experience post-traumatic stress symptoms. In the group setting, patients can receive emotional support, meet others with similar experiences and symptoms, and learn coping and management skills.
For patients with severe symptoms, medications may be used. These include antidepressants, antianxiety medications, and when necessary, antipsychotic medications.
Check NCI's list of cancer clinical trials for U.S. supportive and palliative care trials about post-traumatic stress disorder that are now accepting participants. The list of trials can be further narrowed by location, drug, intervention, and other criteria.
General information about clinical trials is also available from the NCI Web site.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.
Changes were made to this summary to match those made to the health professional version.
If you have questions or comments about this summary, please send them to Cancer.gov through the Web site's Contact Form. We can respond only to email messages written in English.
Call 1-800-4-CANCER
For more information, U.S. residents may call the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Cancer Information Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Time. A trained Cancer Information Specialist is available to answer your questions.
Chat online
The NCI's LiveHelp® online chat service provides Internet users with the ability to chat online with an Information Specialist. The service is available from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday. Information Specialists can help Internet users find information on NCI Web sites and answer questions about cancer.
Write to us
For more information from the NCI, please write to this address:
Search the NCI Web site
The NCI Web site provides online access to information on cancer, clinical trials, and other Web sites and organizations that offer support and resources for cancer patients and their families. For a quick search, use the search box in the upper right corner of each Web page. The results for a wide range of search terms will include a list of "Best Bets," editorially chosen Web pages that are most closely related to the search term entered.
There are also many other places to get materials and information about cancer treatment and services. Hospitals in your area may have information about local and regional agencies that have information on finances, getting to and from treatment, receiving care at home, and dealing with problems related to cancer treatment.
Find Publications
The NCI has booklets and other materials for patients, health professionals, and the public. These publications discuss types of cancer, methods of cancer treatment, coping with cancer, and clinical trials. Some publications provide information on tests for cancer, cancer causes and prevention, cancer statistics, and NCI research activities. NCI materials on these and other topics may be ordered online or printed directly from the NCI Publications Locator. These materials can also be ordered by telephone from the Cancer Information Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
PDQ is a comprehensive cancer database available on NCI's Web site.
PDQ is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. Most of the information contained in PDQ is available online at NCI's Web site. PDQ is provided as a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health, the federal government's focal point for biomedical research.
PDQ contains cancer information summaries.
The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries are available in two versions. The health professional versions provide detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions provide current and accurate cancer information.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are developed by cancer experts and reviewed regularly.
Editorial Boards made up of experts in oncology and related specialties are responsible for writing and maintaining the cancer information summaries. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made as new information becomes available. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") indicates the time of the most recent change.
PDQ also contains information on clinical trials.
A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one method of treating symptoms is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. Some patients have symptoms caused by cancer treatment or by the cancer itself. During supportive care clinical trials, information is collected about how well new ways to treat symptoms of cancer work. The trials also study side effects of treatment and problems that come up during or after treatment. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients who have symptoms related to cancer treatment may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.
Listings of clinical trials are included in PDQ and are available online at NCI's Web site. Descriptions of the trials are available in health professional and patient versions. Many cancer doctors who take part in clinical trials are also listed in PDQ. For more information, call the Cancer Information Service 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
Last Revised: 2012-06-15
If you want to know more about cancer and how it is treated, or if you wish to know about clinical trials for your type of cancer, you can call the NCI's Cancer Information Service at 1-800-422-6237, toll free. A trained information specialist can talk with you and answer your questions.
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My first IVF ended in MC at around 6 weeks. I do not know why. Things didn't seem quite normal on the u/s RE did due to bleeding. A followup u/s 10 days later confirmed our worst fears...it was over. We grieved.
Our FET was entered into with a certain amount of trepidation. I was pregnant with twins. I saw both heartbeats, but one twin measured a week behind the other. Baby B didn't develope further. I grieve you too. Many people acted as though it didn't matter. You still have one, and I did and do. He is worth all we've been through. However, I grieve my other precious ones that did not have the chance to be held in Mommy's arms and cuddled and kissed. I love you too.