text:
Loyola University Maryland expects its students to accept their responsibility to attend class regularly. The attendance requirements and the grading system for each course are explained by the teacher of the course at the start of each term.
However, the University recognizes the need for flexibility for students with disabilities and, at times, will recommend the accommodation of flexible class attendance. It is important for students and faculty members to realize that this accommodation may not be appropriate for every class. To determine whether attendance is essential to a particular course, the following factors from an Office for Civil Rights case should be considered:
Is there classroom interaction between the instructor and the students? Among the students?
Do students' contributions constitute a significant component of the learning process?
Does the functional nature of the course rely on student participation as an essential method for learning?
To what degree does a student's failure to attend constitute a significant loss to the educational experience of other students in the course?
What does the course description and syllabus say?
What are the classroom practices and policies regarding attendance?
If a student or instructor has questions or concerns, they should contact Marcia Wiedefeld, Director of Disability Support Services, at 410-617-2062 or email@example.com.
Here are some quick links with helpful information:


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Bill and Melinda Gates and 27 other thinkers on the misconceptions about the United States and the world that drive them crazy.
In their annual Gates Foundation letter, released Tuesday morning, Bill and Melinda Gates identify three persistent myths about global development that drive them crazy: that poor countries are doomed to stay poor, that foreign aid is a big waste and that saving lives leads to overpopulation.
All three, as Bill Gates put it, are informed by "a dim view of the future, one that isn't improving but staying poor and sick, and getting overcrowded." And how infuriating to the Gateses, who have pledged to spend their entire fortune—currently estimated at some $72 billion—on their foundation's save-the-world work. In a conversation the other day about the myths, both couple couldn't help but circle back to the big gap between their pragmatic, numbers-driven case for interventions that work—and the persistence of false ideas and just wrong thinking. For Melinda Gates, who has taken on global access to contraception as a personal cause in recent years, there's wonder that we're still debunking the 1968 bestseller The Population Bomb, warning of the apocalyptic—and very much yet to happen—consequences of exploding global population. "And now I'm going on the Jimmy Fallon show to try to change that 1970s misconception," Bill Gates added.
Story Continued Below
The conversation got us thinking. There are so many exaggerations and plain untruths out there about how the United States operates in the world, we at Politico Magazine decided to ask a group of globally minded people—from diplomats and senators to economists and entrepreneurs—to tell us: What myth about America's role in the world most drives them crazy? From the size of the U.S. foreign aid budget to the commander in chief's power to change world events, from America's isolationism to its secret hegemonic machinations, here are the misconceptions we heard from more than two dozen big thinkers.
The world hates Americans
John Negroponte, former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations and director of national intelligence under President George W. Bush
The biggest myth out there is that "people hate us" around the world. I have served at eight diplomatic postings abroad in four different continents and always encountered respect and admiration for what the United States stands for. Our political and economic systems are the envy of many across the globe and a magnet to millions seeking to reach our shores as visitors, immigrants or refugees. There are, to be sure, those who find fault with what America stands for, even to the point of outright hatred; but I am convinced, based on more than five decades of having lived and traveled abroad, that they represent a very small, albeit vocal, minority. American can and does stand tall among nations of the world, and we are still looked to for a strong global leadership role.
The CIA is a secret superpower
Nicholas Kristof, New York Times columnist
The most bizarre myth I encounter in my travels is that the CIA is this omniscient, omnipotent organization that manages to pull strings all over the world and make things work. These conspiracy theories attribute to the CIA miraculous abilities and language skills; as a taxpayer, I only wish that they were true. You'd think the Ray Davis affair might have taught Pakistanis in particular something of the CIA's limitations. In fact, of course, the CIA has its fair share of incompetents who struggle with English, let alone foreign languages.
American foreign policy is driven by morality
Stephen Walt, professor of international affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School
There are two myths that habitually infect U.S. foreign policy discourse. The first is the myth that U.S. foreign policy is powerful shaped by moral concerns. Nothing could be further from the truth: The United States has allied with brutal dictators, killed millions in illegal wars and through economic sanctions, and turned a blind eye to various atrocities whenever U.S. interests weren't involved. Like with other great powers, in short, U.S. foreign policy is driven primarily by realpolitik; by the desire to maximize U.S. power and primacy for as long as possible.
A second and related myth is the notion that Washington always has the right answer to assorted world problems. Former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright famously said that the United States "stands taller and sees farther than others do," but there's scant evidence to support that self-flattering notion. The United States may not be as prone to folly as some other states, but it is certainly not immune from it either. Just look at our inept Middle East diplomacy, our mishandling of relations with Russia and that little kerfluffle on Wall Street back in 2008.
America is stronger alone
Madeleine Albright, former U.S. secretary of state
What drives me the most crazy is the myth that our country's power is diminished when we cooperate with other countries to achieve our national security interests. We are, as President Clinton said and I have often said since, the indispensable nation to this day. But there is nothing in the definition of "indispensable" that says "alone." Another way to put it would be to engage in multilateral diplomacy, something I dabbled in once. The problem many Americans seem to have with "multilateralism" as a term is that it has too many syllables and ends in "-ism"! What it really means is "partnerships." Our country can be stronger and more effective when it engages in partnerships—with allies, with businesses, with civil society—to make our country and the world a better place.
Americans are more generous – and bigger global peacekeepers
Charles Kenny, senior fellow at the Center for Global Development and author of The Upside of Down: Why the Rise of the Rest Is Good for the West
America is really generous giving to the world, and especially when you account for private philanthropy. For a start, it isn't clear why the rest of us get credit for the fact that the Gateses and Warren Buffett gave away the bulk of their fortunes. But as importantly, it simply isn't true. Private development assistance in the United States equals 0.2 percent of gross national income—the same as government development assistance. Private development assistance in the United Kingdom also equals 0.2 percent of gross national income—while government assistance equaled 0.6 percent in 2011. Add the two together, and the United States is one-half as generous as Great Britain — and two-fifths as generous as Sweden.
Another persistent myth is about America's outsized role in peacekeeping when in fact the United States provides a fraction of 1 percent of United Nations peacekeeping forces—which, especially after the last 10 years, look a little more effective at keeping the peace than go-it-alone U.S. efforts. America does have airlift and sealift capacities that are the envy of the world and plays a vital supporting role in some of those U.N. missions, but it is developing countries that do most of the heavy lifting in terms of troop numbers.
The United States has all the answers
Ethan Zuckerman, director of the Center for Civic Media at MIT and author of Rewire: Digital Cosmopolitans in the Age of Connection
What drives me craziest is the idea that United States has the ideal solution to all problems and that, by exporting what we know how to do well to the developing world, we'll address endemic problems. The desire to do something helpful, combined with an implicit assumption that people in poor countries have no thoughts on how to solve their own problems, inevitably leads to failure. I see this problem in high-visibility campaigns like Kony 2012 and in the well-meaning, technically sophisticated work that comes out of my home academic institution—it's a tension I wrestle with in my own work.
In many cases, there's better thinking about complex social, environmental and developmental problems coming from local entrepreneurs, scholars and activists than from well-meaning innovators from abroad. But it's hard for innovators in Africa, Asia and other parts of the developing world to find financing, technical support and visibility for their solutions. We'd benefit greatly from crushing the myth that the solution to problems of international development comes solely from U.S. universities and labs, and celebrating the innovation and creativity emerging from the developing world.


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Time Warner Cable's Star-Studded Super Bowl Commercial 2014 (Video)
Stephen Moyer and Anna Paquin star as their True Blood characters Bill and Sookie in the Time Warner Cable commercial that aired during the 2014 Super Bowl on Sunday (February 2).
The star-studded commercial also featured Diddy giving the vampires a tour around the warehouse where they run into Jimmy Fallon, Anne Burrell from the Food Network, the Duck Dynasty guys, Drake, and Liev Schreiber and Jon Voight as their Ray Donovan characters.
This commercial sure gives possible customers a good tasting of some of the shows that they can expect on the network!
WHAT DID YOU THINK of this commercial?
Grandma's House – Enjoy Better | Time Warner Cable


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"The lights are turning red," droned the song by the Eagles. They could have been singing about Iran, which continues to make US foreign policy look like a bad Saturday Night Live skit.
In last minute deal making with Russia over sanctions on Iran, the US caved to Moscow objections over selling advanced air and cruise missile defenses to Tehran. This is a particularly disruptive retreat by Obama's State Department, one that makes an Israeli military strike more, not less, likely.
Meanwhile, Iran continues to play rope-a-dope. The speaker of Iran's Parliament declared their deal with Brazil and Turkey was off if United Nations sanctions were on. His country would abandon plans to ship some nuclear fuel to Turkey and rethink cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency if the US insists on pushes new UN Security Council sanctions.
The US needs a real policy to deal with Iran before its too late.


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Windjammer Barefoot Cruises The End of an Empireby Paul Motter, CruiseMates Editor
Part 1 of a 4-Part Series
Note: as more information seems to be coming in daily I am publishing all of these articles now. Some areas of parts one and two have been updated. If you would like to comment, please go to our message boards here: Windjammer Message Boards
The Burkes of Windjammer This is a very long and complicated article about a prominent Miami family, the Burkes of Windjammer Cruises, who could have built a cruise empire, but instead allowed their personal interests, and their inability to trust one another and outsiders, to ruin everything they ever had.
The Windjammer saga has hurt many people, including hundreds of extremely loyal customers who have handed over millions of hard-earned dollars for cruises which they will likely never see.
And the apparent fault lies with a close-knit family, who while spawned by a wily, ingenious and doting father, still cannot get past their sibling rivalries long enough to keep the company afloat.
Today, Windjammer, the cruise line, is on life-support, but none of the family members appear to be willing to spend a red cent of their own to save it, despite the fact their fortunes were mostly derived from the cruise line itself. Nor have they been willing to part with a single share of it in order to bring in fresh capital.
Yet, while every week the prognosis appears to get worse and worse, there are still fans that refuse to see or believe the truth. Rather than getting upset with the family that has torn their dreams asunder, they continue to cheer the Burkes on, seemingly no matter what kind of blundering moves they make.
My Disclaimer I have reasonable certainty about almost everything I write here, based on verbal confirmation from people I have interviewed who have first hand information about the company and the family. But it is very hard to find solid legal information about Windjammer Cruises because so much of the company is in the hands of overseas agents in countries that do not require legal disclosure. The Burkes have done a great job of hiding their real business.
I don't claim to have the complete story, and I fear it would take far too long to write it anyway. I am sure there are people who know far more than I do whom I will hear from as soon as they read this. A small amount of what I say may be sketchy or even possibly incorrect, though I certainly hope that is not the case. My goal is to put enough of the puzzle pieces together, even when they don't exactly fit, that you readers can glimpse the truth.
Though everything I write is derived from other journalistic pieces or eyewitnesses, sometimes eyewitnesses can be mistaken and such information is hard to verify by outside sources. If something I have written is inaccurate then I apologize in advance.
How I Discovered this Story Two weeks ago I wrote an article for CruiseMates where I personally recommended strongly against booking a cruise with Windjammer Barefoot Cruises. My rationale was that I have seen the pattern for failing cruise lines before, and Windjammer fits that profile to a "T".
As a result of printing that first article, Joey Burke, the acting head of the company two weeks ago, contacted me to request a personal interview with me. I agreed to this and waited for his phone call. At the time, I honestly knew next to nothing about the cruise line, the Burkes or their patriarch, Captain Burke. I had a lot to learn.
Instead of Joey Burke calling me, I received a call from his sister, Susan Burke, who said she had just spoken to Joey and was calling me at his request as his representative. She identified herself as a part of the Burke family in the Isle of Man trust which owns the cruise line.
I asked Susan very pointed questions about Windjammer's operations, financial assets and liabilities. Susan sounded very convincing; contrite, emotionally involved and dedicated to fixing the problem. I believed at the time that she was being fully honest in her responses to me.
I was wrong. So, why would a reporter believe anything anyone says? Because I believe in the power of the Internet to draw out the truth. When a spokesperson for a major company is untruthful it is usually just a matter of hours before alternative points of view come forth. It is a serious error in judgement to misrepresent the truth to a reporter online. This is but the second time it has ever happened to me, and that is why I had my guard down.
Based on Susan's answers to my pointed questions, I wrote an article revising my first opinion. I said I now believed Windjammer's financial situation was not as dire as their recent actions indicated. However, I did make sure to say I continue to recommend caution.
My new opinion was based upon Susan saying she wanted to find a new financial backer for the company. She even asked me if I knew anyone who might fill the bill, and at the same time implied that there was a "possible" backer on the line whose name I would recognize immediately.
Inconsistencies I asked Susan Burke if any of the ships the company owned had any encumbrances. "Absolutely not" she told me. I asked what kind of financial liabilities the company had, and she failed to mention at least two pending lawsuits. She also neglected to tell me about millions of dollars in pre-paid cruise obligations that Windjammer still owes to passengers.
My second article got an immediate reaction, mostly from a Windjammer message board which I had not yet visited but would soon (the Flotilla at www.jammerbabe.com/flotilla). They pointed out to me that most of what Susan had told me could not be accurate based on facts they already knew were true.
Then Susan's own brother, Joey Burke (the one who had requested the interview with me in the first place and sent his sister in his stead), went to the same message board and disputed almost everything Susan told me. He actually apologized to that message board for allowing his sister to conduct an interview with me. To this day, he has not apologized to me for what I went through. Am I expecting too much?
Naturally, these events spurred me to dig deeper. I had written two short editorials based on quick research but mostly personal experience. Little did I know how much detail and intrigue this story would reveal when I started really digging for factual background. Parts of the story are just outright shocking, and there is no other word for it.
But ferreting out the truth was a bigger challenge than I anticipated. Like an Egyptian tomb, the deeper I went the more I found. And like hidden treasures, what I saw on the face of things was not always what turned out to be true. And so I present my story such as it is, and invite outsiders to add to it or clarify as needed.
Windjammer Cruises as Created by Captain Burke If ever there was a true story good enough for a TV serial soap opera like Dynasty or Dallas, this is it. It stars the Burke family, owners of Windjammer cruises.
Windjammer Cruises was started by Captain Michael Burke Sr. back in 1947 when (or so the story goes) he awoke one day aboard a vessel he didn't recognize and was subsequently informed he had won it in a card game the night before. Captain Burke, known affectionately as "CB," named it "The Hangover." And so we have legend number one. It appears, in fact, that he purchased the vessel, probably for about $600.
CB has always had a reputation as a rogue, a description in which he seemingly takes pride. Even at 80 he often refers to himself as "a pirate," and recently endorsed a biography written by one of his best friends entitled, "Barefoot Pirate, The Tall Ships and Tales of Windjammer."
Tall ships, tall tales and pirates -- obvious imagery
If being in the right place at the right time means anything, by chartering "The Hangover" to tourists long before the modern cruise business was even a glimmer in Miami, Burke could have been a billionaire. But he wanted to run the company "his way." Forgoing the usual time consuming obligations of proper companies he ran his business out of his back pocket, like any self-respecting pirate would do.
Most people who meet Michael Burke Sr. like him a great deal. Yes, he is still alive, and he exudes confidence and a sense of adventure, and is said to possess a genius IQ in the neighborhood of 160. Word is he is still aware, although not a nimble as he once was, and was just met with a recent declaration of incompetence. Some eyewitnesses tell me he has senior dementia which normally affects short term memory. It is said he frequently ask how the ships are doing, and doesn't recall that all are non-operational even though he has been told several times.
Many people Burke consorted with in the early days of Windjammer became fellow "pirates" and often willing participants in his dreams and schemes. To be a Captain Burke insider meant you were part of the "family." With six children, plus regular housekeepers and crewmen around full time it was easy to add another "pirate" to the gang.
CB is said to have fostered his pirate reputation with stories of high seas hijinks that fall outside the law. Keep in mind, he has been sailing in the Caribbean since before the Bay of Pigs and throughout the turbulent and drug-fogged sixties, seventies and eighties. Stories involving drug running, gunrunning, free love, free drugs, sex and guns are all part of the repertoire. Whether or not these things happened on Windjammer cruises is unverifiable except through eyewitness stories, but there are even rumors of a boatload of guns that sank not far from the shores of Cuba.
The life of a "pirate" means chicanery, and CB's lifestyle was sometimes supported by his ever-changing flock of followers. More than one story appears where the man received favors from trusting "friends" - making deals with them purely on his word, only to have these friends discover that as soon as their financial contribution was consumed so apparently was the friendship.
It's a beautifully simple ploy that I found to be a recurring theme and a talent he passed on to his offspring. The Captain might promise something on his word as a friend, but suddenly find a reason why the friendship was no longer justified. Rescinding his friendship, the captain would also take back any promises he made to people in exchange for their support.
"I'm sorry, but I can't do business with anyone who isn't a friend, after all, and if you hadn't ruined our friendship you would now have the benefits I promised you." It is the classic blame-shifting ploy to avoid responsibility and disenfranchise the people who are "used up." To the Captain, loyalty was something he defined and practiced as his version of the "Golden Rule" according to one witness I interviewed. The rule was, "loyalty to the Captain first for as long as I say we are together, and by loyalty I mean you do what I say."
The link above is a news article about the some of the recent Burke family drama, but what is most telling is the comment left online after the article by an unnamed outsider. The comment about Michael Burke Senior reads like this.
In 1961 my father retired from a government job of 32 years to live his dream, bringing my mom and me to South Florida from Philadelphia. He read an ad for a 52 foot boat "The Barefoot Contessa" in the Miami Herald and "bought it" from the owner for $4,000, our family's life savings. Dad was going to be a "captain" of a fishing party boat. The seller was a more real "captain" Mike Burke. Of course there were no lawyers involved and Burke let my dad play captain for a couple of months. He used the four grand to buy two new Chrysler engines for the Contessa. And then he told my father to take a hike. Dad spent the next 20 years writing letters about this crook. Maybe it's taken all this time for some payback to this evil bastard. We all hope he and his offspring all rot in hell."
While we don't know if this story is true or not, it certainly sounds plausible in light of what we now know about the Burke Family.
What is interesting is that to this day Mr. Burke's son, Joey, has stated that he wants to get back to running the cruise line the same way his father did. And so it happens that there is a similar story in 2007 about a man who lent the company, now in Joey's control, over $350,000, solely on a verbal promise, and this man was also subsequently told to "take a hike." (More on that later).
Windjammer Barefoot Cruises Grows Up When Michael Burke Senior, a.k.a. Captain Burke or CB, started Windjammer Cruises he was ahead of his time. The Miami-based cruise business caught a tail wind in the 1970s and exploded by the '90s. Windjammer grew with it, but on its own peculiar trajectory. By the 1980s Windjammer had a reputation for being the "anti-cruise line" -- an exercise in everything other cruise lines were not -- and the passengers loved them for it.
In its heyday, the Windjammer fleet consisted of six ships; mostly sail ships also rigged with engines, carrying anywhere from 64 to 122 passengers. By this time, CB had married his wife June and they eventually had six children, three boys and three girls. All of the children grew up in the Windjammer atmosphere. Although dad was mostly absentee, the kids all spent plenty of time "in the life" and visited the ships often.
Windjammer passengers were encouraged to let their hair down - creating a cruise experience where everything a regular cruise line did was done in a Bizarro World* opposite manner. Formal nights meant you put on a clean T-shirt, unless you didn't have one in which case you could just turn the one you had on inside out. If you didn't have a T-shirt you could buy one on board that bore the legend, "This ain't no foo-foo cruise line."
Windjammer ships would sail into Caribbean island ports already full of behemoth cruise ships, raise the pirate flag and shoot blanks out of their cannons at the regular cruise ships. Once the blanks ran out, knowing they had the other ship passengers' full attention, the Jammers would present "arms" or more accurately other body parts, pulling down their shorts for an en masse "mooning" of the vessels they were passing.
Burke's line was among the first to include alcohol as part of the cruise fare, offering rum concoctions called "swizzles" at initial boarding and cocktail hour, along with cheap wine at dinner and Bloody Marys in the morning.
Passengers ate, slept and drank whenever, wherever and as much as they wanted; keeping up appearances didn't mean anything compared to keeping secrets. To borrow from a famous phrase long before it was popular -- "What happens on a Windjammer Cruise stays on a Windjammer Cruise."
The number of faithful Jammers grew in the 90s as the Internet made it easy to get to know each other and stay in contact on land as well as at sea. The Windjammer Barefoot Cruises Web site had an active message board called the "coconut telegraph" (it was later taken down by corporate decision). It was led by then company head of public relations Mike Vegas.
The heyday for Windjammer was the second half of the 1990s. Cruising was now a very popular vacation. Carnival, NCL and Royal Caribbean were already courting families, moving beyond the turbulent younger market which Windjammer still relies upon.
The Jammers saw something truly magical in Windjammer. Rarely have I seen passengers more singularly devoted to a cruise line. They found an experience similar to Woodstock in the 60s; accepting and free to be themselves, it was a good thing. But like all such good things, the wrong people learn to take advantage of the good nature of such people.
Windjammer Rides the Crest of Success In 1998, as Windjammer was on top of the world, the Captain sold a house he had on Miami's pricey Star Island to Robert vanWinkle (Vanilla Ice) and bought two homes on North Bay Road, also an exclusive area. He combined the two properties into one huge castle. The home literally has turrets, parapets and a 65,000-gallon seawater moat with a drawbridge. Swimming inside the moat were six live sharks. The castle was legendary, valued at $6 million when it was built. There were fierce-faced gargoyles, bas-relief sculptures of knights and dragons, suits of armor, a great hall, and grottos with ornate dark-wood cabinetry. Outside the bewitching medieval gloom was a heated, lagoon-style pool extending into the house with a twisting 30-foot slide.
In front of the lavish home was a statue of a gallant man, which upon first inspection seemed to be a Roman god. But the clearly rebellious or narcissistic character of Capt. Burke was evident; the naked man in the middle of the fountain sprouts a stream of urine from an outrageous example of the human anatomy.
I spoke to a former employee who worked in the Miami office at the time and was considered enough of a family member to go to the Star Island home regularly. She describes it as a "sexually charged atmosphere of free love, sex, drugs and guns." Even the captain, she says, was known to engage in what would today be considered sexual harassment, but back then CB had celebrity status, so any kind of attention was welcomed.
Around this time, there was already a sales and marketing arm of the cruise line, a US registered company called Windjammer Barefoot Cruises Ltd, WBCL - overseen by daughter Susan Burke. They curtailed marketing to travel agents to sell their cruises. The company primarily used the Internet to sell directly to their customers. Though this practice proved to be fatal for another mainstream cruise line back then, in the Bizarro Windjammer world it worked very well, at least at the time.
During these years, rarely would a Windjammer executive appear at a cruise trade show, nor would "Jammers" regularly visit the regular cruise web sites like CruiseMates to post messages and talk about cruising in general. The line rarely put out a press release or asked journalists aboard to write about their ships.
However, the cruise line now with six ships was a cash cow that the Burkes didn't feel the need to feed and groom. They apparently hated reinvesting money in their business, preferring to push the profit envelope as far as possible, even taking risks on such things as not insuring their ships, and deliberately postponing regular maintenance.
The one thing they never changed, however, was the practice of providing plenty of free alcohol onboard; though sales of alcohol had become a significant source of revenue for most cruise lines. When other cruise lines started driving basic cruise fares lower and lower, with the goal to get warm bodies onboard to buy as much booze and other add-ons as possible, Windjammer was stuck.
Free alcohol was a great hook to keep their young Jammer followers who did not fit regular cruise industry demographics for ten or more cruises before the age of 50. Many of these young people were cruising on Windjammer as often as they could, making statements in the line's message boards that they lived and worked solely for their next Windjammer cruise.
By now most of the Burkes had multi-million dollar homes, paid for with company money, though how the money was distributed to each child is murky. Some of it was "earned" via various companies, but it is also said that CB was simply too big hearted. The pattern was for a child to ask the office manager to write a check for any amount they wanted, and then it was just up to CB to sign it (he had to approve every check). In the early days the kids got everything they wanted, according to the insider source. After all, CB had six children, and keeping everything "even" was important and hard to track.
The process continued into the later years, but by then the company had become so convoluted that even CB couldn't keep track of what they could afford and which child was entitled to what. So, if the cash was there it was soon spent, even during times when the ships were falling apart. It is said that by the end the captain just lost faith in his kids, adopting an attitude of "go ahead and eat the company alive, and then we'll see how you feel when everything we built is gone."
Link to: Windjammer Barefoot Cruises - Part 2 Link to: Windjammer Barefoot Cruises - Part 3 Link to: Windjammer Barefoot Cruises - Part 4
Link to: Windjammer Barefoot Cruises - Part 2


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Our 'Click & Collection' reservation service allows you to reserve any product and arrange to collect and pay at your nearest SIDI Select dealer. Simply add the item to your favourites list and send to your local dealer. The SIDI dealer will then confirm availability and a collection date via a reply email.This is designed to allow expert advice, fitting and removes the inconvenience of returning unwanted goods purchased online.


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RBD may result in sleep related injury (SRI) particularly if a patient exits the bed during dream enactment behavior (DEB). The complex auditory processing and low arousal threshold of REM sleep offers a therapeutic window to halt behavior prior to SRI. We evaluated whether a recorded message prevents SRI in medically refractory RBD.
Case Series.
Sleep disorders center.
Four consecutive RBD patients with continued SRI despite both clonazepam and melatonin therapy.
A pressurized bed alarm customized with a familiar voice to deliver a calming message during vigorous DEB.
The RBDQ-HK evaluated RBD symptoms, and SRI was further quantified with a new clinical tool, the Minnesota Parasomnia Injury Scale. All patients reported a decrease in RBD symptoms and SRI. No injuries occurred post-intervention. Pre-treatment: 5 serious events (SE), 80 minor events (ME), and 193 near events (NE) were noted over 66 patient-months (4.21 events/pt-mo). Post-treatment: 0 SE, 0 ME, and 3 NE were noted after a follow up period of 63 pt-months (0.05 event/pt-mo). There were 176 total bed alarm interventions (2.79 interventions/pt-mo). No adverse effects were reported, and all 4 patients described a minimal burden of treatment. RBD symptoms improved as the average RBDQ-HK score decreased from 68 (range: 53-80) to 54 (range 42-65).
A customized bed alarm may be an effective method to prevent SRI in RBD. This intervention is most suitable for cases of medically refractory RBD and/or for those patients who are unable to tolerate medical therapy.
Howell MJ; Arneson PA; Schenck CH. A novel therapy for REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). J Clin Sleep Med 2011;7(6):639-644.
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by dream enactment behavior (DEB) resulting from a loss of REM skeletal muscle atonia.1,2 Both patients and bed partners may experience sleep related injury (SRI) from behaviors such as punching or kicking. Exiting the bed while acting out a dream is a particularly high-risk behavior and may result in severe traumatic injury.3–5
Although clonazepam and melatonin are usually effective therapies,6–8 they are often inadequate in the setting of neurodegenerative disease. RBD is often the cardinal finding among patients with impending synucleinopathies such as Parkinson disease, as well as other neurodegenerative disorders such as spinocerebellar ataxia.9,10 In these patients, the most commonly prescribed medication, clonazepam, has several limitations. Clonazepam has a prolonged duration of action resulting in daytime consequences such as sedation, cognitive impairment, and falls.11 Furthermore, clonazepam may exacerbate sleep disordered breathing; long-term follow-up studies are confounded by escalating dosages as well as high drop-out rates.6,12,13 Other pharmacological agents have been explored as potential therapies, particularly melatonin; however, breakthrough SRI commonly occurs.7,8,13 Further, the long-term efficacy and tolerability of CNS agents in the setting of progressive dementing illnesses are unknown, in contrast with the longitudinal data in idiopathic RBD.14 These findings suggest that alternative, non-pharmacologic therapies are needed to augment the treatment of RBD. Modification of the sleeping environment is recommended in current management guidelines; however, the efficacies of specific interventions are unknown.15
Current Knowledge/Study Rationale: Sleep related injury is common and potentially life threatening in REM sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD). However, the unique features of REM sleep, low arousal threshold and capacity for complex auditory processing, suggests that a bed alarm with voice recording could potentially halt injurious dream enactment behavior in RBD.
Study Impact: This is the first study to demonstrate a therapy to prevent sleep related injury in RBD. This treatment is most useful in the setting of medication resistent RBD or in cases associated with neurodegeneration who are unable to tolerate medical therapy.
While RBD is a challenging condition to treat, the low arousal threshold of REM sleep and its rapid transition to alert wakefulness and orientation offers a therapeutic window to halt behavior prior to SRI.16,17 During in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) we have observed that patients can often be verbally redirected during DEB (see video online at www.aasmnet.org/jcsm). Additionally, bed partners have described pacifying patients with a calming phrase such as: "David, you're having a dream, go back to sleep." However, patients may not have a bed partner, or the bed partner may be sleeping deeply and be unresponsive at the initial stages of the patient's DEB.
This study investigates whether a novel therapy, a bed alarm customized with a familiar voice, prevents SRI in the setting of medically refractory RBD. In order to better quantify injuries and potential injuries, we developed and administered the Minnesota Parasomnia Injury Scale.
We selected a consecutive group of medication-resistant RBD patients for treatment with a customized bed alarm. Ideal voices, typically those of family members, were identified, and calming commands to halt dream enactment behavior were then recorded. All RBD patients who were given this treatment are reported here.
Three of the 4 patients were fitted with a Posey Sitter Select bed alarm system; one patient (patient #2) acquired a TABS bed exit monitor. The Posey Sitter Select works through a pressure-sensing pad placed underneath the shoulders of a sleeping patient. In addition to a pressure pad, the TABS unit also has a tethered cord with clothing clip that alarms when pulled from the bedside unit. When the patient arises from bed or moves enough to during the night to pull the cord from its magnetic seal, a recorded voice emanates from a bed side speaker on a repeating loop until the patient returns to lying down on the pressure pad and/or replaces the magnetic tether.
We surveyed patients and bed partners for RBD symptoms and SRI pre- and post-intervention (bed partner report was available for patients #2 and #3). The RBDQ-HK is a validated 13-item measure with scores ranging from 0-100. A higher score indicates a greater severity of parasomnia symptoms.18 The RBDQ-HK has high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. When > 18, the RBDQ-HK has a positive predictive value of 86%, while a score ≤ 18 has a negative predictive value of 83%. In order to better quantify patient and bed partner SRI we developed and administered the Minnesota Parasomnia Injury Scale (see Table 2 and Appendix, appendix is available online at www.aasmnet.org/jcsm). The MPIS registered a serious SRI event (SE) if medical attention was sought or if the injury resulted in significant musculoskeletal injury such as a fracture or laceration. Minor SRI events (ME) included bruises and scratches in the last month. Near SRI events (NE) occurred if the patient arose from bed or was aggressive towards the bed partner without injury. MEs and NEs were quantified over the preceding month, while SEs were quantified over the preceding year, as they tended to be both more memorable and less frequent. Based upon previous RBD investigations,19 a bed partner's report, if available, was preferred.
The patients ranged in age from 61 to 87 years, and all had a clinical and PSG diagnosis of RBD. Additionally, patient #1 had a longstanding sleepwalking disorder, and thus was diagnosed as parasomnia overlap disorder (see Table 1).2 Two patients (#2 and #4) had associated Parkinson disease. All patients were previously treated with both clonazepam and melatonin to maximum tolerated doses; bed alarm therapy was then initiated after persistence of SRI (see individual patient narratives below).
RBD patient characteristics
(more ...)
All patients demonstrated a reduction in SRI events and RBD symptoms after initiating bed alarm therapy (Tables 2 and 3). The strongest treatment responses were noted in the patients with the highest disease burden, especially patients #1 and #2. Patient # 1 reported complete elimination of SRI events despite a preceding history of at least weekly SRI events as well as 2 previous hospitalizations for SRI. Further, over 36 months of bed alarm treatment, she reported that the average monthly intervention dropped from 10/mo to 2/mo. Patient #2 also noted a striking reduction in SRI as well as a drop in the number of needed interventions after the first 3 months of usage (from 8/mo to 4/mo). Patients #3 and #4 also had an improvement in SRI, although the reductions were less striking (as they were having less frequent SRI events at baseline).
Sleep related injury events pre- and post- bed alarm treatment
* No pretreatment HBDQ-HK data.
** As patient #3 and #4 only had 6 months of follow up. RBDQ-HK post-scores were based on average symptoms in the last 6 months instead of the last 1 year.
All events pre- and post- bed alarm treatment
* Not including pt #1 who did not have pretreatment data.
Combined patient data (Table 3) demonstrated a striking reduction in all SRI events after starting bed alarm treatment. There were a total of 176 bed alarm interventions over 63 pt-months (2.79 interventions/pt-mo), with a downward trend over time. SE fell from from 5 in 5.5 pt-yr (0.91 events/pt-yr) to 0 in 5.25 pt-yr (0 events/pt-yr). ME declined from 80 in 66 pt-mo (1.21 events/pt-mo) to 0 in 63 pt-mo (0 events/pt-mo). NE declined from 193 in 66 pt-mo (2.92 events/pt-mo) to 2 in 63 pt-mo (0.03 Events/pt-mo). Total events in aggregate fell from 278 in 66 pt-mo (4.21 events/pt-mo) to 2 in 63 pt-months (0.03 events/pt-mo). Generalized RBD symptoms improved as measured by RBDQ-HK (average pre-treatment score 68 [range: 53-80]; average post-treatment [range: 42-65]) with the most consistent improvement noted in the 3 questions related to SRI (Q9, Q10, Q11).
All 4 patients reported that the burden of bed alarm treatment was low and primarily related to convenience issues. No adverse effects were reported.
The index case was an 87-year-old female with a lifelong history of sleepwalking who had increasingly violent dream enactment with near nightly ME or NE for several years. This DEB became more consequential when she was started on anticoagulation therapy (Coumadin) and had 2 SE resulting in hospitalizations for ecchymosis extending over her trunk and extremities. After PSG confirmation of both a NREM and REM parasomnia, she was diagnosed with parasomnia overlap disorder. The need for anticoagulation therapy was reconsidered; however, Coumadin was continued. Over 3-year follow-up, she has not demonstrated evidence of parkinsonism or neurodegenerative disease.
Her response to medication was suboptimal. Despite a decrease in dream intensity with 1 mg of bedtime clonazepam, the patient continued to have at least weekly NEs during which she would suddenly exit the bed. Higher doses were not tolerated, as she had residual morning sleepiness with gait impairment. Multiple attempts of low-dose melatonin administration resulted in diarrhea within hours of administration.
The patient's family labored to improve the sleeping environment and reduce SRI. Potentially injurious objects were removed, and when events continued suggested that she begin sleeping in a tent. When family members slept in the same room they noted that DEB could be quickly halted with a calming phrase, in particular "wake up mom". Because of this observation, an author (PA) customized a Posey Sitter Select bed alarm with the author's voice commanding the patient to "wake up." When the batteries were replaced and the recording lost, the patient's son reset the command.
The effect of the bed alarm therapy was striking, with immediate and complete resolution of SRI events. The patient reported the bed alarm consistently wakes her in the act of attempting to exit the bed in the midst of clearly recalled dream scenarios. One compelling example involved a dream in which she was chasing a man who had stolen her purse. Once she had arisen, the alarm immediately oriented her and she lay back down. After initiating the intervention, family was able to successfully stop co-sleeping with the patient. The patient continued upon the maximum tolerated dose of 1 mg clonazepam. Prior to bed alarm treatment she was having frequent SRI events (SE = 2/yr; ME = 2/mo; NE = 8/mo). Impressively, there have been no reported events in the subsequent 36 months. Interestingly, after only 3 months she noted fewer bed alarm interventions and decreased anticipatory anxiety towards sleep and possible SRI. The patient described the experience as if a caring family member is watching over her while she is sleeping.
A 61-year-old male with Parkinson disease and RBD presented with increasing SRI. Originally clonazepam at 0.25-1 mg decreased the frequency and severity of events, but effectiveness decreased over time. On 2 occasions, he left the bed and attempted to thrust his head through the television. Patient underwent a PSG that demonstrated REM without atonia and dream enactment, as well as mild obstructive sleep apnea (AHI = 10). Despite resolution of sleep disordered breathing with a mandibular advancement device, REM without atonia and DEB persisted on repeat PSG. The patients gait and cognition deteriorated with dose > 1 mg of clonazepam. Melatonin administration > 4.5 mg led to complaints of nocturnal amnesia. Despite these interventions, the patient continued to have violent SRI, either leaving the bed or attacking his wife during DEB.
The patient's wife had discovered that calmly telling him to turn over would halt the behavior. The phrase also worked when non-family members spoke it to him during DEB. In particular, on a camping trip, his friends described resolution of agitated nocturnal behaviors once they instructed him to "turn over" (as suggested by his wife). The effectiveness of this intervention was confirmed when during a subsequent PSG, a recording from his wife immediately halted DEB.
The patient was so impressed by these results that he independently obtained a TABS bed exit monitor. After weekly SRI events (1 SE/yr, 2 ME/mo, and 6 NE/mo) he claims to have had only one NE in 15 months of follow-up. He reported several compelling anecdotes of the bed alarm preventing serious injury. One example involved acting out a scene from the animated film Toy Story 3, in which he dreamed he was choking an attacking character. He awoke after the bed alarm oriented him to find that he had wrapped his arms around his wife's neck. Despite repeated discussions and warnings, the patient's wife still slept in the same bed. His one breakthrough event occurred despite the bed alarm when he fled so quickly that the device did not wake him prior to hitting his head on the television without injury. As with patient #1, over time the bed alarm became activated less frequently and appears to have attenuated his anxiety about falling asleep. He describes great enthusiasm for the device and claims no burden of treatment.
Over 18 months, a 62-year-old female noted 20 NEs where she had left the bed or attacked her sleeping boyfriend, and she sustained a serious head injury due to DEB. These events lead to nocturnal anxiety about the potential for SRI, and despite several assaults the boyfriend refused to sleep in a separate bed.
The patient had comorbid RLS symptoms effectively treated with low-dose pramipexole without an improvement in DEB. PSG demonstrated REM without atonia with subtle dream enactment. The patient did not have parkinsonian tremor, bradykinesia, or cogwheeling rigidity; however, she described anosmia, suggesting the possibility of an early synucleinopathy.
Various treatments had failed to resolve the SRI events, which continued to occur at least monthly. She was started on clonazepam that was later stopped because residual morning sleepiness was noted even at low doses. Melatonin up to 6 mg was modestly effective at decreasing dream intensity, but at higher doses she paradoxically developed frightening nightmares.
The patient was initiated on a bed alarm, with her own voice instructing her to go back to sleep. After 6 months the patients describes her overall experience with the treatment as "excellent" without any breakthrough events as long as she is using the device at an adequate volume. One NE occurred while she was traveling and did not have the bed alarm. She awoke to realize she had started to strangle her boyfriend. Subsequently she claims to be using the device with near 100% compliance, even while traveling.
A 70 male with Parkinson disease and RBD presented with his wife to discuss intermittent but frightening SRI events. Examples included bruises on his hands and his wife's arms after violently striking out against presumed assailants. His wife subsequently slept in a separate room. Prior to bed alarm therapy the patient had been on high-dose melatonin (9-12 mg) and low-dose clonazepam (limited to 0.25 mg due to morning hypersomnolence and gait concerns) with continued SRI events (5 ME [0.17/mo] and 5 NE [0.17/mo]).
During the patient's PSG, increased phasic muscle activity was noted throughout REM sleep. He had one striking example of DEB, during which he lifted his arms and legs and subsequently made climbing motions while dreaming he was climbing a telephone pole. During the event the technologist played a recording of his wife's voice and the DEB was immediately halted (see pictures).
Over the 30 months prior to bed alarm treatment the patient had 5 ME (0.17/mo) and 5 NE (0.17/mo); he has not experienced any SRI events in the subsequent 6 months. He recalls the device halting one event in the first 3 months, but afterward it has not gone off during sleep. Admittedly, the device does not halt all potentially injurious behaviors, as he has frequent DEB while lying flat in bed (such as the event noted during his PSG). This has been addressed by removing injurious objects that he could potentially strike at from a lying position. The patient describes only a minimal burden of treatment; however, he admits to using it sporadically, as his SRI events are rare.
Medication refractory RBD is a daunting and potentially life-threatening condition with limited management options.3–5 This study demonstrates that a customized bed alarm augments pharmacological treatment in refractory cases and prevents SRI. No SE have occurred over 63 patient-months since starting bed alarm treatment. Not unexpectedly, as the device is designed to prevent exiting the bed, the greatest improvement was seen in the reduction of NE.
The patients described compelling examples of the device halting violent behavior before injury could occur (see above). All patients described a low burden of therapy, and at the end of 63 patient-months, they were all still using the device, although patient #4 was considering ceasing therapy. This response from patient #4 is not unexpected, as he had the lowest level of disease burden with only rare near events (0.17 per month) and thus far no serious events, suggesting that the ideal candidate is a patient with a high burden of disease with frequent serious or near events.
Interestingly, even though this treatment is designed to halt already established DEB, all four patients described a decrease in all DEB episodes and reported that the frequency of bed alarm activation decreased over time. Further, one patient (#2) noted such an impressive improvement that he voluntarily decreased his dosage of clonazepam without significant exacerbation of DEB or SRI. In addition to halting events that could lead to SRI, we speculate that a modified bed alarm decreases violent DEB in RBD by reducing nocturnal anxiety. Our cases demonstrate how an anticipatory anxiety towards sleep (bordering on "sleep phobia") can result from recurrent SRI, associated with chronic RBD. This reasoning is echoed by all four patients, who prior to initiating treatment endorsed a fear of falling asleep that often exacerbated dream mentation.
The burdens of this treatment include unintentional alarm discharges, pressure pads that require changing (typically 3-6 months), and the need to re-record calming phrases when the batteries need replacing.
While the majority of RBD cases initially demonstrate a good clinical response to clonazepam, long-term follow-up studies demonstrate mixed outcomes, ranging from sustained benefit without dose escalation to the eventual need to consider alternative or augmenting therapies, as tolerance and treatment failures may occur.11,13,14,20 In one series, 58% of patients on clonazepam reported clinically significant adverse effects, with 50% either stopping the agent or reducing the dose.13
Other agents have been explored as potential RBD therapies however rigorous clinical trials are lacking. Reports have described limited success with carbamazepine, levodopa, pramipexole, donepezil, sodium oxybate, triazolam, zopiclone, quetiapine, and clozapine.6,13,15 The only agent that has been studied in a controlled, randomized, double-blind fashion is melatonin (see below).8,21
As RBD is a chronic disorder indicating impending neurodegeneration, it is imperative to develop alternative therapies that do not suppress the CNS. In addition to Parkinson disease, RBD is often the cardinal finding among patients with other synucleinopathies such as dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. RBD has also been reported among patients with spinal cerebellar ataxia-3, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.10,22 Benzodiazepines and other CNS suppressing agents are often poorly tolerated in these conditions, with increased cognitive impairment and falls.
Melatonin is an intriguing option in patients with neurodegenerative disease and was used in all four patients. Melatonin treatment in RBD suppresses, but does not eliminate, REM motor activity, and its effect persists for weeks even after the agent is discontinued.8 However, no agent, including melatonin, eliminates all REM motor activity or DEB; in our series SRI events persisted in all 3 cases in which melatonin was tolerated.
Despite apparent unconsciousness, the brain is readily responsive to the environment during REM sleep. Complex auditory sound processing, similar to wakefulness, occurs during REM sleep, and there is a lower threshold for reversibility to wakefulness with auditory stimuli17,23 compared to NREM. Further, it has been demonstrated that dream mentation can be altered by verbal stimulation, and in fact this strategy has been used to redirect patients from other REM pathologies such as nightmares.16,24,25
Conversely, NREM sleep is characterized by a higher arousal threshold and relatively diminished cognitive processing in response to external stimuli compared to REM sleep and wakefulness.26 Not unexpectedly, patients with parasomnias arising from NREM sleep (sleepwalking and confusional arousals) are often poorly responsive to external stimulation.27,28 In fact, auditory stimuli can precipitate NREM parasomnias, and attempts by family members to calm sleepwalkers often paradoxically exacerbate confusion and agitation.27–29
Thus we conclude that this therapy of RBD has strong biological plausibility that along with minimal safety concerns deserves careful clinical application and further investigation. Currently this treatment should be directed towards patients who are at high risk of arising and leaving the bed. Events that have occurred despite the bed alarm typically involve trashing and kicking events without a change in body position.
Since SRI is a predominant feature of RBD, a more quantifiable scale is needed to evaluate clinical interventions. This study demonstrates the utility of the Minnesota Parasomnia Injury Scale (MPIS) in classifying and measuring SRI for both patients and bed partners. The MPIS is particularly useful in combination with the RBDQ-HK, which measures broader RBD symptoms. A validation study of the MPIS is currently in progress. The RBDQ-HK is a validated instrument that includes SRI but without specifying event severity or enumerating frequency. The incidences of severe events—those most typically described in previous treatment studies—are not adequate, as their incidence even in severe RBD is rare. Thus the MPIS is particularly useful by addressing minor and near events that occur more often. The MPIS also helps characterize the nature of SRI, indentifies which patients sought medical attention, and describes the level of awareness of dream mentation. Future RBD therapeutic trials should quantify SRI as an outcome measure, and the MPIS represents a tool to evaluate these treatments.
Finally, case #1 is the second oldest reported case of RBD, and the oldest reported case of female RBD (87-year-old female).30 The oldest reported case involved an 88-year-old male with Alzheimer disease and rivastigmine-induced RBD.31 Also, case #1 demonstrates the importance of "host vulnerability factors" related to injuries resulting from RBD, as previously discussed in detail.5 Although all of our patients had anticipatory anxiety about sleeping and sustaining SRI, it is intriguing that in cases #2 and #3, the spouse/boyfriend continued to sleep in the same bed despite sustaining repeated blows from DEB (in contrast, the wife of patient #4 eventually slept in a separate room). This is an impressive and apparently common phenomenon previously described, in which the spouses of patients with vigorous and violent RBD adamantly continue to sleep in the same bed, reportedly out of care and concern for the patient with RBD.5
This was not an industry supported study. Posey provided bed alarms to patients without charge. The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.
This work was performed at the University of Minnesota Medical Center Sleep Disorders Center
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Supplemental Material
Video 1


text:
Turn on your TV. Notice anything different?
Rep. Anna G. Eshoo, D-Palo Alto, celebrated triumph Thursday as her Commercial Advertisement Loudness Mitigation Act or CALM Act, took effect as of midnight, Her four-year crusade to enact the law banning loud commercials on TV began when she introduced the bill in 2008.
Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.) led passage in the Senate. The law requires broadcast, cable, satellite and other video providers to hold the volume of commercials at the same level as regular TV programming. The Federal Communications Commission warns that it uses averages, so some commercials may still sound too loud. The agency said it will rely on consumers filing complaints to enforce the rules.
"Earsplitting television ads have jolted and annoyed viewers for decades," Eshoo said in a statement. "With this new law, loud TV commercials that make consumers run for the mute button or change the channel altogether will be a thing of the past."
Whitehouse said, "While this is a small issue compared to the big challenges facing our nation, it is an unnecessary annoyance in the daily lives of many Americans, and I'm glad to have done something about it."
The law has the support of the National Association of Broadcasters. NAB chief Gordon Smith, former GOP Senator from Oregon (there is a good life after the Senate). Michael Powell (remember him?), head of the National Cable & Telecommunications Association called the new law "sensible" and promised to "continue to work closely with the FCC and the entire TV ecosystem to prevent loud commercials from being a disruption."
Eshoo's office said loud commercials have been a top consumer complaint to the FCC "for decades and were listed as such in 21 of the FCC's 25 quarterly reports between 2002 and 2009. According to a 2009 Harris poll, almost 90 percent of TV viewers are bothered by high commercial volumes, prompting 41 percent of viewers to turn down the volume, 22 percent to mute the TV, and 17 percent to change the channel altogether. Prior to Eshoo's legislation, the official FCC policy recommended that consumers mute commercials if they found them to be excessively strident.
The CALM Act passed the Senate unanimously in 2010 and passed in the House passed in December 2010. Obama signed it into law that month, and the FCC took a year to issue a final rule last year, and gave the industry another year to implement them.


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The Energy Policy Act of 2005 included a new tax incentive, backed and advocated by NEMA, to improve the energy efficiency of commercial buildings. The "Commercial Building Tax Deduction" establishes a tax deduction for expenses incurred for energy efficient building expenditures made by a building owner. The deduction is limited to $1.80 per square foot of the property, with allowances for partial deductions for improvements in interior lighting, HVAC and hot water systems, and building envelope systems. The provision is effective for property placed in service from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2013.
NEMA is leading a broad-based coalition of business, trade, government, energy efficiency, and other groups and organizations. The Commercial Building Tax Deduction Coalition is working to ensure the provision is implemented smoothly and to promote awareness and information about its benefits, as well as energy efficiency improvements in commercial buildings.
Letter (April 14, 2010) sent to Congress to urge increase to $3.00 signed by more than 80 organizations
NEMA's Guidance on Energy Policy Act Commercial Building's Tax Deduction Certification Letters.
NEMA has issued a guidance document for the certification letter that is required in order to claim the IRS Section 179D tax deduction. The certification letter must be signed by an engineer or contractor who is licensed in the jurisdiction in which the building is located and represents himself as being qualified to do this type of building analysis. The NEMA guidance document provides sample language and examples.
To learn more about the Energy Efficient Commercial Building Tax Deduction, please visit: www.efficientbuildings.org


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TAMPA, Fla. – Taking on its first ranked opponent of the young season, the Georgia College baseball team (3-2) dropped a pair of close games at No. 11 University of Tampa (4-1) Friday 11-9 and 7-6.
Game one was a back-and-forth affair, the Bobcats owning a 5-1 lead in the second and a 9-8 advantage in the eighth. A home run by junior Drew Doty in the bottom of the eighth gave the Spartans the final 11-9 win.
Catcher Steve Hazel (Kentwood, Mich.) continued his torrid start to his first season as a Bobcat, going 3-for-5 with a run and a double. Leftfielder Chris McCoy (Battle Creek, Mich.) finished 2-for-4, driving in a pair and scoring once.
Third baseman Jeremy Donaldson (Winder, Ga.) and second baseman Ryan Sabalaskey (Carol Stream, Ill.) each had two hits, Sabalaskey scoring twice and driving in two, as Donaldson scored a run as well.
Bobcat reliever Patrick Olvaney (Alpharetta, Ga.) took the loss (0-1). The win went to righty Caleb Kellogg (1-1) in 2 2/3 innings of work. Doty finished the game 2-for-4 with a pair of home runs and four RBI.
Game two was much of the same, with Tampa coming from behind late in the seven-inning affair.
Georgia College led 6-4 into the bottom of the sixth, but Tampa rallied with three runs. Two scored on a Bobcat error, the go-ahead strike coming on a single from junior Michael Danner.
McCoy had another multi-hit game, going 2-for-3 with an RBI and a run. First baseman Clay Ardeeser (Loganville, Ga.) and rightfielder Ikaika Anderson (Austell, Ga.) each hit solo home runs. For Ardeeser, it was his first collegiate blast.
Righty starter Justin Blue (Mulberry, Fla.) went the distance for the second time in as many starts (1-1), fanning seven over six innings and surrendering just three earned runs. Tampa reliever David Heintz (1-0) picked up the win with three innings of work. Tampa had just two multi-hit performers.
The Bobcats are back in action tomorrow, Feb. 9 at 1 p.m., finishing the three-game set with the Spartans.
The Georgia College Department of Athletics, two-time winners of the PBC Commissioner's Cup, sponsors 11 varsity athletic programs at the NCAA Division II level. As a Division II program, Bobcat Athletics prides itself on balancing the life of the student-athlete, evidenced by the teams' multiple appearances in post-season competition as well as documented academic success and community-service involvement. Sign up at www.twitter.com/BobcatSports and www.facebook.com/gcbobcats for up-to-the-minute reports, and visit www.GCBobcats.com for more information, and to nominate your favorite former Bobcats and Colonials to the GC Athletics Hall of Fame.


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A novel
Jo Nesbo
Knopf, 400 pp., $25.95
Jo Nesbo, whose crime thrillers have sold more than 10 million copies in Europe and the U.S., has been anointed as the latest king of Scandinavian noir, the heir to the addictive-page-turning throne left vacant by the death of Stieg Larsson.
But reading his books in Los Angeles brings to mind a different archetypal noir figure: Michael Connelly's tortured LAPD detective Harry Bosch.
Nesbo's detective, who is featured in nine of his 16 books, including his latest, "Phantom," is also named Harry. Harry Hole.
Like Bosch, Hole is an obsessive, depressive, combative, hard-drinking genius who views his city through bleak eyes even as he sacrifices his own sanity and relationships to save it.
His city is Oslo. Not the bright, social welfare state with the beneficent king; no, this Oslo is a dark and decaying place, haunted by its Nazi past, where drug addicts and murderers roam with impunity and the police force is too corrupt or politicized or stupid to do anything about it.
In previous books, Hole spent his time fighting to save the police bureaucracy from itself, even as he raced around the city trying to track down diabolical killers before they struck again. By the time "Phantom" begins, Hole has retired from the Oslo police department and moved to Hong Kong to try to sober up.
But of course, he comes back. Oleg, the son of his one true love — a woman, it goes without saying, that Hole has left because of his own demons — is in jail for murder. Hole wants to find out whether the boy really did it, and whether there is more to the story.
Because he is Harry Hole, he turns up in a linen suit and goes straight to a seedy hotel in a rundown part of town, where his interaction with the desk clerk is part comedy, part existential crisis.
Asked to fill in his date of birth on a registration form, Hole muses: "He had always liked fixed routines, discipline, order. So why had his life been chaos instead, such self-destruction and a series of broken relationships between dark periods of intoxication? The blank boxes looked up at him questioningly, but they were too small for the answers they required."
There are some readers who will feel such prose itself amounts to a petty crime. But even many of them will be helpless in the face of Nesbo's brilliant, breakneck plotting, which sends Hole back and forth across Oslo, unraveling an intricate series of clues about the city's drug trade and its police force, which is as corrupt as ever.
No matter how desperate things get, there is always also time for a little romance. At one point, following a knife fight as various pursuers close around him, Hole closes his own neck wound with duct tape and then heads off to a fancy hotel for a rendezvous with a doomed love.


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Ford airport ranks among 'best' in world
Gerald R. Ford International Airport is the fifth-best airport of its size in the world.
Ford airport received the Airport Service Quality Award by Airports Council International in the 2-5 million passengers category.
Passenger survey
The survey is an industry customer service benchmarking measure.
It captures passengers' immediate appraisal from check-in through departure at the gate, at more than 285 airports.
Airports across the world are evaluated via passengers' views on 34 key service indicators, such as cleanliness, parking, courtesy of staff, concessions and security screening.
The ASQ Awards are presented in four categories: Best Airport by Region, Best Airport by Size, Best Small Airport and Best Improvement.
"Customer service is a top priority for our entire team," said GFIA Executive Director Brian Ryks. "We are dedicated to ensuring continued progress in this area, as we make significant investments in personnel, services and facilities that are focused on providing a first-class experience for the traveling public."
Ford experience
GFIA has continued to improve the customer experience by adding concession amenities like Starbucks, Bell's Brewery and Restaurant and the new healthy dining option Greens.
The airport also continues to improve on the passenger experience through technology upgrades, such as charging stations and business centers.
In addition, visitor information ambassadors, a therapy-dog program and a partnership with Kendall College of Art and Design have improved the airport's ambiance and customer service rankings.
"As airports face the increasingly competitive and demanding aviation market, it is crucial to keep a focus on meeting and exceeding passenger expectations," said Angela Gittens, director general, ACI World. "Airport managers need factual intelligence to guide their efforts and optimize their investments."
Best Airport by Size, 2-5 million passengers
1. Changchun, China
2. Guayaquil, Ecuador
3. Ottawa, Canada
4. Halifax, Canada
5. Grand Rapids


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Giving: The Elkhart County Miracle
A reclusive entrepreneur wills his entire $150 million fortune to his hometown. Now the town wonders what to do with it
WHEN DAVID GUNDLACH RETURNED HOME several years ago, it was inconceivable to those who knew him as a boy that he would soon be a local legend, almost a myth. In fact, he'd largely been forgotten.
It was spring of 2007 when Gundlach bought a house in Elkhart, Ind., where he went to high school and his mother still lived. Shortly after, he called longtime area resident Robert Kloska to say he wanted to reconnect. "I had to call my dad and say, 'Refresh my memory: Who is David Gundlach?'" recalls Kloska, now 46. The...


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Sluggish Economic Recovery Proves Resilient
Milestone Nears, but Growth Lags
The recovery from the recession has been nasty, brutish and long. It also is shaping up as one of the most enduring.
The National Bureau of Economic Research, the semiofficial arbiter of business cycles, judges that the U.S. economy began expanding again in June 2009, just over 58 months ago. That means the current stretch of growth, in terms of duration, is poised to drift past the average for post-World War II recoveries.


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Kyrgyzstan: Media Failed to Adequately Report the Bloodshed in the South (Commentary)
by Cholpon Nogoibaeva
Exclusive Commentary for HUMNEWS
BISHKEK, Kyrgyzstan - Bloody clashes in Kyrgyzstan's south have been dominating headlines in the international media for the past several days. Scenes of rioting crowds watched by seemingly clueless law enforcement officers remaining passive have flashed on television screens around the world, suggesting a direct link between the state and the marginalized groups. Pictures of young men agitated by a feeling of impunity riding captured armored vehicles are coupled with text saying that the government is unable to normalize the situation. The printed and electronic media, blogs are full of stories describing horror, violence and lawlessness.
The coverage of the events in the South has been immediate but its accuracy left much to be desired. It is vitally important that conflicts should be covered, and, preferably, by free media, who adhere to impartiality. However, reporting on Kyrgyzstan shows that even those enjoying freedom of the press fall victim to stereotyping, generalization and misrepresentation.
Today Kyrgyzstan is shown in international media as a failed state that is about to cease to exist, a country gripped by civil war, where ethnic cleansing and genocide of ethnic Uzbeks takes place. How and why did such an image of Kyrgyzstan and its people arise? Whatever the reason - uninformed reporters or superficial analysis - is of little importance now: major messages have been communicated and fixed in the minds of millions of people creating fertile ground for panic and rumors.
What happened in the south was horrible – the dead, wounded, refugees and victims of violent crimes. The number of people killed is higher than reported in official statistics because only those who have been delivered to specialized medical institutions for identification are included in the statistics. While houses and shops were torched on a scale hitherto not seen in Kyrgyzstan, these were not acts of ethnic cleansing and genocide of Kyrgyzstani Uzbeks. Central and local governments, police and army, government and non-government organizations did not engage in acts that violated the civil rights of Kyrgyzstani Uzbeks. The Kyrgyz Republic's identity as a state is based on citizenship, not ethnic origin.
Kyrgyzstan does not have a policy that separates or discriminates on the basis of ethnicity. That is why police officers died trying to calm mobs of young Kyrgyz and Uzbeks who were provoked by specially trained mercenaries. Liberal use of the words "genocide" and "ethnic cleansing," irresponsible distribution of information, or, what is much worse, willful distortion of information, have damaged not only the people of Kyrgyzstan, but ethnic Uzbeks and Kyrgyz in Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and other countries.
It is particularly sad that the clashes in two Southern regions of Kyrgyzstan are labeled as ethnic conflict. Willingly or unwillingly, those who do so confuse causes and consequences. The bloodshed in Osh and Jalalabad was caused not by inter-ethnic tension between Uzbeks and Kyrgyz, but by willful provocations that were aimed precisely at causing bloodbath between the two peoples. The perpetrators were nationals of Kyrgyzstan and other countries, while the funding and overall coordination came from ex-President Bakiev's closes relatives. Their purpose was to create havoc to ensure that the 27 June referendum on the new constitution that establishes a parliamentary democracy does not take place.
There were at least three groups of mercenaries. One included highly trained snipers who went around town in cars with tinted glasses, shooting both Kyrgyz and Uzbeks. Presumably, these snipers were the same snipers who shot at the people from the roof of the Government Building in Bishkek in April.
There were also arsonists, who were responsible for setting buildings on fire in Kyrgyz and Uzbek districts. One of the things that contributed to the panic was that the arsonists set on fire buildings with slate roof. At high temperature slate cracks loudly with a sound that can be mistaken for gunfire.
The third group consisted of instigators who prompted males to avenge by spreading rumors of multiple atrocities: committed by Kyrgyz against the Uzbeks, committed by Uzbeks against the Kyrgyz. These planned and deliberate actions caused the conflicts on the night of June 10-11 and the timing was to coincide with the 20th anniversary of serious inter-ethnic disturbances that took place a year before Kyrgyzstan became an independent state in 1991. Subsequent events followed the intended scenario and resulted in clashes between the two communities.
The new coalition interim government was not ready for this development and lacked capacity to intervene to turn the events around quickly, which the mercenaries took advantage of very well. There were cases when residents of neighboring ethnic districts tried to reconcile with each other, but were shot at by unknown snipers. Gunmen fired on trucks that distributed humanitarian aid, sabotaging relief efforts and creating an impression among the people of Osh (who suffered from lack of food and other essentials) that the local and central government abandoned them.
The masterminds of these provocations that caused numerous civilian victims and a flood of refugees knew precisely of various long running social, community and criminal (especially narco-business) tensions which existed in the south and were able to take advantage of weakness of the interim government.
Rehabilitating towns and villages and, most importantly, returning to normal life in Osh and Jalalabad will take years and colossal resources. Kyrgyz citizens will face a wave of post-conflict gore and negative information. A representative of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights said today that the events were orchestrated and planned in advance by shadowy groups and not a spontaneous inter-ethnic clash.
Free media would do a great service to all Kyrgyzstanis by stopping reproduction of clichés and paying more attention to the young nation that tries to create its own civic identity.
Ms. Nogoibaeva is President of Institute for Policy Analysis in Bishkek.


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Being aware of the factors that influence what and how much
you eat can help you make informed eating choices.
Food is everywhere. For most people, it is easy to find something to eat, especially unhealthy options.
Routines. Plan to eat, and make family meals routine. Children benefit from the social skills, plus everyone gets a balanced meal.
Marketing. Unhealthy foods can look fun, easy, and tasty with colorful marketing packages and free toys. Frozen, instant, microwavable, prepackaged—these foods aren't usually fruits and vegetables. And they often have a lot of either salt, sugar, or fat—and sometimes all three!
Cultural and social meanings. Some foods are comforting and familiar, even if they are not nutritious and healthy. Religious, political, or social
beliefs help us make food choices for ourselves and our families.
Family and living situations. Other people may shop and prepare the food we eat. This is especially true for children and their eating habits.
anxiety, boredom, and
stress can lead to unhealthy eating.
Knowledge of nutrition. Basic nutrition doesn't have to be complicated. Don't get confused when a new study in the news conflicts with everything you know. Look at the big picture. More research might need to be done before it becomes fact.
Timing. It isn't so much the time of day that matters but what and how much you eat when you do. The longer you wait between eating, the more you tend to eat at your next meal or snack. For example, if you eat an early dinner, you may be hungry before bedtime. Consider eating just 1 hour later, or don't eat dessert.
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January 25, 2013
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & Rhonda O'Brien, MS, RD, CDE - Certified Diabetes Educator
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To learn more visit Healthwise.org
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What's a MOTU collection without He-Man and Battle Cat? After a year and a half, I have finally added both to my collection. They are case fresh and I couldn't be happier about them.
I will add high resolution pictures of these two and more MOTU items to my flickr account later tonight. Feel free to take a look


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Celine Dion Responds to 'All By Myself' Viral Video [VIDEO]by Michelle McGahan | PopCrush
Celine Dion is reaching out to the man who famously recorded himself lip syncing her hit 'All By Myself' while stuck in the Las Vegas airport overnight.
Richard Dunn, the creator of the video who somehow used his iPhone, tape, a wheelchair and the handle of a computer bag to film some tricky angles while he was "all by himself," received — what else! — a video message from the iconic singer via YouTube yesterday, June 12.
"Hi, Richard!" Dion says in the vid. "I have to say that the video was hilarious and very touching. I loved it."
"But next time you're stuck all by yourself at Las Vegas Airport for hours and hours, please be my guest at my show," continued Dion, who has a residency in Vegas. "And, by the way, Richard, you're more than welcome to use my bathroom."
No word yet if Dunn has taken the famous singer up on her offer, but we sure hope he does!
Watch Celine Dion's response above, and check out Richard Dunn's 'All By Myself' video below.


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Vancouver Whitecaps 0, Montreal Impact 0 | MLS Match Recap
VANCOUVER, B.C. – The Vancouver Whitecaps and Montreal Impact served up a 0-0 draw at BC Place on Wednesday evening, in what was at times a fairly lackluster encounter in both sides' first game back after Major League Soccer's World Cup break.
There was little of the World Cup excitement on display in an all-Canadian clash that never really reached the heights hoped for on such occasions, with both teams looking a little rusty after more than two weeks off.
Montreal hit the woodwork twice, and Vancouver once, in a livelier second half but neither team could find the crucial breakthrough and had to settle for a share of the points.
The draw sees Vancouver (5-2-7) extend their unbeaten streak in MLS to eight games and move into a three-way battle of third place teams on 22 points in the Western Conference, alongside Colorado and Dallas. Montreal (2-7-5) stay rooted to the foot of the Eastern Conference, seven points out of the playoff places.
Montreal looked the more dangerous side in a first half devoid of any real chances, with the teams mustering just three shots on target between them. The visitors were happy to sit deep and hit on the break, as Vancouver controlled possession but couldn't get their fast-paced attacking engine out of first gear.
It was a livelier start to the second half and the Whitecaps continued to run without finding any way through an Impact defense that had a fairly comfortable evening.
Montreal came close to taking the lead in the 76th minute when Maxim Tissot's looping effort crashed off the bar, but Vancouver responded in kind when Carlyle Mitchell flicked a header goalbound from a corner. Impact 'keeper Troy Perkins' sprawling save fell to Jordan Harvey and the left back crashed a shot off his own off the crossbar.
The woodwork came to the Whitecaps' rescue again in the 83rd minute when Jack McInerney headed a free kick off the right post, with Ousted rooted to the spot.
Vancouver now go on the road for a crucial Western Conference clash at Colorado on Saturday, in a game which could have big implications on the final playoff places come the end of the season. Montreal head home for an all-Eastern Conference clash with Houston Dynamo on Sunday evening.
MLSsoccer.com Men of the Match
|What We Saw
|Troy Perkins
|Wasn't terribly busy on the whole, but made some important second-half saves to guarantee the Impact a valuable clean sheet and road point
|Carlyle Mitchell
|The young Trinidadian deputized superbly at right back. His attacking play could've been stronger, but he barely put a foot wrong on defense
|David Ousted
|What Perkins did in the second half, Ousted did in the first, with no save more impressive than his twisting stop on a deflected shot just minutes into the game


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Weekend TV: LEGO My Simpsons, Resurrection Finale
May 2, 2014 10:03 AM EDT
Oh, snap! After 25 seasons, Fox's The Simpsons can still seem as fresh and inventive as when we first met this merrily mutant family — especially when the show raises its game as it does for this weekend's milestone 550th (!) episode (Sunday, 8… Read more


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--5:00pm and 7:00pm-- Andy Brown Quartet
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Start Date/Time:
Wednesday, November 27, 2019 5:00 PM
Andy Brown
is a guitarist based in Chicago. Born in New York City in 1975, he has played professionally for over twenty years. He has had a varied performing career that has included stints in Cincinnati and New York.
In 2012 his trio was invited by the Chicago Mayor's office to perform for the Nobel Peace Prize dinner in Chicago, where invited guests included U.S. presidents Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter, as well as the Dalai Lama and Mikhail Gorbachev. Also in 2012, Andy's trio was hired by the U.S. State Department to provide music for the opening night gala at the NATO summit held in Chicago.
As a sideman he has performed with internationally know jazz musicians including Howard Alden, Harry Allen, Warren Vache, Ken Peplowski, Hod O'Brien, Anat Cohen, Kurt Elling, and Joe Cohn as well as many others. He has also worked with many names on the Chicago jazz scene at nearly every spot that features live jazz music including Russ Phillips, Don Stiernberg, Kim Cusack, Chris Foreman, Bobby Lewis, Chuck Hedges, Judy Roberts, and Howard Levy.
"An uncommonly good player, with a modesty that brings to mind the fine Canadian guitarist Ed Bickert and a warmth suggestive of Joe Pass...has a gift for melody and plenty of rhythmic confidence...projects a naturalness when phrasing, and his overall intelligence makes understatement and subtlety virtues." - Frank-John Hadley, Downbeat Magazine.
Showtimes: 5pm-6:30pm & 7pm-8:30pm
: $10
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