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Assessing the impact of Brexit on emerging markets
Before even considering what impact Brexit will have on emerging market equities, we need to try and be clear what Brexit means. Unfortunately we cannot, because a lot is uncertain. Here is what we do know.
24 Juni 2016
The Prime Minister, David Cameron, has resigned with effect in October. In the meantime there will be a leadership contest before a new prime minister takes over. The British system does not require a general election in this case (although Parliament could decide to have one).
Under European treaties, countries that wish to leave the EU submit a notice to do so under Article 50. After that there is a two year period of negotiation on the terms of exit. If no agreement is reached the country leaves without an agreement, unless there is unanimous agreement amongst the remaining members to extend negotiations.
At present the "Leave" campaign has said it wants an extended period of negotiation before submitting its notice, so as not to get caught by the two year deadline. The conclusion for all this is that the UK is not leaving the EU in the immediate future. The actual leaving date may be closer to 2020. This is not certain however. For example premature action on immigration and free movement of labour by the UK could accelerate the process.
Although the UK is not likely to leave straight away, there is great uncertainty about the UK's economic relations with the rest of the world. Markets do not like uncertainty. Nor do businesses thinking of investing, or consumers thinking of making large purchases. So Schroders expects the UK to lose 0.9% of GDP by the end of 2017 and narrowly avoid recession.
The same effect on confidence will be evident in Europe, although to a lesser degree. Europe also has a number of political events coming up, including an election in Spain on Sunday, an important referendum on the constitution in Italy in the autumn and a French election next year. Political risk premia in general in Europe have increased as eurosceptic parties in various countries press for similar action to that of the UK.
The further away from Europe the fewer the effects. Schroders' economics team estimates that a Brexit is a marginal effect on global growth. However the risks of stagflation/deflation and weak growth have clearly increased.
Many emerging economies enjoy strong domestic demand
Countries in emerging markets trade predominately with each other and the US. The EU is not insignificant at about 20% but will not dominate trade or growth figures. In addition emerging countries are supported by generally strong domestic demand.
In terms of specific emerging countries we do not expect substantial economic effects. Clearly countries closely tied to the EU (or actually in the EU) will be worst affected. That means the CE3 of Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic (3% of the MSCI Emerging Markets index and primarily via their trade links to Germany) and Turkey (1.5% of the MSCI Emerging Markets index). Such a small part of the index should not affect overall levels too much.
Global risks have risen
However, economic effects are only part of the story. Clearly global risk has gone up. Although the overall global GDP effect is small, the chances of a meaningful recovery from an extended period of lacklustre growth are reduced.
Given increased risk to the global growth outlook and increases in risk premia, markets may struggle to make headway from here. Despite more intra emerging market trade, emerging markets are still a key beneficiary of a pick-up in global activity. In addition, increased risk invariably acts to strengthen the dollar as a global safe haven, and that is usually bad for emerging markets. As usual, countries running large deficits such as Turkey and South Africa would be relatively more vulnerable if this were to happen.
On the other side, policymakers are unlikely to stand idly by and we could see further easing from central banks and fiscal authorities as well as a receding prospect of any rate rises from the Federal Reserve.
In summary, markets have had a large one off move already but any significant prolonged bounce from these levels is unlikely. However, looking further out, global growth and deflation fears have increased but emerging economies are likely to be relatively less impacted than developed markets due to strong trade with each other and domestic demand support. For the time being a defensive bias seems sensible.
Important Information: This communication is marketing material. The views and opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) on this page, and may not necessarily represent views expressed or reflected in other Schroders communications, strategies or funds. This material is intended to be for information purposes only and is not intended as promotional material in any respect. The material is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any financial instrument. It is not intended to provide and should not be relied on for accounting, legal or tax advice, or investment recommendations. Reliance should not be placed on the views and information in this document when taking individual investment and/or strategic decisions. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results. The value of an investment can go down as well as up and is not guaranteed. All investments involve risks including the risk of possible loss of principal. Information herein is believed to be reliable but Schroders does not warrant its completeness or accuracy. Some information quoted was obtained from external sources we consider to be reliable. No responsibility can be accepted for errors of fact obtained from third parties, and this data may change with market conditions. This does not exclude any duty or liability that Schroders has to its customers under any regulatory system. Regions/ sectors shown for illustrative purposes only and should not be viewed as a recommendation to buy/sell. The opinions in this material include some forecasted views. We believe we are basing our expectations and beliefs on reasonable assumptions within the bounds of what we currently know. However, there is no guarantee than any forecasts or opinions will be realised. These views and opinions may change. To the extent that you are in North America, this content is issued by Schroder Investment Management North America Inc., an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Schroders plc and SEC registered adviser providing asset management products and services to clients in the US and Canada. For all other users, this content is issued by Schroder Investment Management Limited, 1 London Wall Place, London EC2Y 5AU. Registered No. 1893220 England. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.


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For a town that was no more than a fishing camp and a few farms fifty years ago, Port Saint Lucie has grown to be a lovely vacation spot. Get a vacation rental, beach house, or condo and enjoy the sub-tropical climate and ocean breezes in this beautiful natural setting.
Port Saint Lucie is the location of the spring training camp for the New York Mets. Visit Tradition Field and see how the team is shaping up for the coming season. Then, if you love to golf, head over to the PGA Village, a 51-hole complex with a learning center and historical center. After you wear yourself out on the golf green, head home and relax in your spacious rental home.
To the east of Port Saint Lucie is the Atlantic Ocean, so you'll want to schedule at least one day for the beach. Port Saint Lucie is also located just north of the Saint Lucie River, so you can explore the beauty of the river region on the St. Lucie River Princess. You'll cruise in comfort and be taken by the breathtaking scenery of natural Florida. The cruise is shaded from the sun and narrated for your education and entertainment. Cruises start in the afternoon, so you can spend a leisurely morning in your vacation home.
You can also explore nature on foot by hiking in the Savannas Preserve State Park, which should be quite near to your vacation rental. The park also offers canoe trips and guided explorations.
While one of the benefits of a vacation rental is having a kitchen to prepare your own meals, you will also want to eat out. No trip to Port Saint Lucie would be complete without a visit to Lily's Cafe. It serves great food at great prices. If you're lucky, Lily herself might be your waitress. If you're feeling more exotic, El Cubanito serves Cuban cuisine in a family atmosphere. Other restaurants include seafood, Indian cuisine, and American cuisine. Then you can return to your rental house for a comfortable night in, or go out on the town.
When you're traveling with family or a group of friends, a vacation rental provides more economy and a lot more room to spread out. In Port Saint Lucie you might choose a rental house, a villa, or a condo. Whatever you choose, you will find that Port Saint Lucie is a beautiful vacation destination.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hiya everyone. I'm new to this.
Came across this website through google. Looks great - can anyone suggest any good fragrances?
Foth x
Thread: Welcome to Just Starting Out...
Hi everyone!
I cannot even begin to express how amazing I think this website is. I'm over here visiting a friend of mine in California (also a member) and was curious as to what he was always browsing. He linked me up and I am so fascinated with how much depth and eloquence there is in the fragrance world.
I feel that a community like this that specifically targets the subject of fragrances allows for so much growth, evolution, and higher education on the subject rather than your typical responses on other forums that seem so elementary compared to the knowledge here.
With that, i'm looking forward to a lot of exploring that will undoubtedly be ahead of me.
Just a hasty sidenote: are there any "guides" I can read so I can learn to classify fragrances, how to smell them, describe them, etc? So far i've just been reading the reviews on this site and trying to get a feel for what is what.
Hiya everyone. I'm new to this.
Came across this website through google. Looks great - can anyone suggest any good fragrances?
Foth x
Hello. Just wanted to introduce myself
I'm from Portugal and love fragrances. The review section is great! One thing that still bugs me is that I don't know how to "check" the different notes (as you say, right?)... Generally I just notice if the smell is good or bad, but cannot (or haven't tried) to source the different smells.
Cheers everyone
I'm new on this forum as well, having found it by running a search for MPG's Racine. Now I've looked the site over and there is so much more to know, I'm looking forward to learning as much as I can about fragrances. I'll be looking around for all the FAQs I can find, so as to understand some of what is being discussed here.
Do I need to be a Supporting Member to get the Wardrobe icon on my posts, so that those interested in my wardrobe can just click on it? If not, then how do I put it on there?
Well, I guess I'm just starting out? I've owned Purple Sung, Eternity, Obesession, Tuscany, and basically anything on the popular level in the clubs and bars on Long Island in the 90's! lol
So I hear that Le Male is the new big cologne and a lot of names I'm not familiar with? I am kind of dissauded with the new "Androgenous" scents that are out and have been popular. I guess it started with CK One and never stopped! lol
I want to thank the Administrators who've put up with me this past week with my inquisitions. I have so many questions about "High End Cologne" ???
I cant find any of the recommended Colognes the guys gave me here at my Macys. I researched and found that here on the Island it is Nordstroms at Roosevelt field that has the most.
The Squire
So again I thank you guys and Moderators too! I hope to stay on this community, ask questions and get some help before I go and re-up with 5 new colognes.
Thank you gentlemen!
I just thought I'd say "hi" on the newbie thread. I'm trying to expand my fragrance wardrobe right now, and I'm excited about this community. I'm also hoping to make my own 'fumes sometime in the (hopefully near) future...
EnvYuS, you are always eager to help us newbies. Thanks.
I have read in Plato and Cicero sayings that are wise and very beautiful; but I have never read in either of them: Come unto me all ye that labor and are heavy laden.'' --Saint Augustine
Hastiness and superficiality are the psychic diseases of the twentieth century, and more than anywhere else this disease is reflected in the press.--Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Hi to everyone!!!
I'm new to this wonderful world of "scents"... but great site !!! Go on
Hello all BASENOTES members!
I am really pleased to have found this site. :-)
I have just turned 50 on the 28th of May just past, and for most of my life, perfume has not been something I thought all that much about. However, since moving from Canada to Australia, and having made a lovely friend here, who is passionately wild about her scents, I've been giving it much more thought.
The thing is, that I have an extremely well developed sense of smell, so there are some scents that repel me in the extreme and others that I have always been drawn towards. Since having found BASENOTES I've been doing tons of reading about perfumes and have found a new interest. I've, of course, made sure my friend knows all about the site, and I am constantly telling my husband the things I'm learning from the site. (He's always been more of a scent buff than I.)
I've especially liked looking through the decades that different perfumes were introduced, even finding long forgotten perfumes that I used to have/use that I'd completely forgotten about.
Thank you so much to the creators and supporters of this extensive & delightful smelling site!!
CHEERS from AUSTRALIA!!
Welcome Sudsy!
We look forward to interacting with you here at Basenotes !
Welcome Sudsy - great to see more Australians on board ! All the best !
Thank you very much zztopp for your welcome!
I love your name, one of my all time fav American rock bands; "Every girl crazy 'bout a sharp dressed man".
I see that you decant quite a few CREED fragrances... I'd like for my husband to try some of them one day soon. Perhaps we'll do some business together in the future.
Hi jasper_244!
Thanks for your welcome also, mate.
I noticed that you own Cuir de Russie. Are you able to decant it at all? I would be interested in sampling it as my heritage from my mother is Russian.
Last edited by Sudsy; 4th June 2007 at 12:01 PM. Reason: Automerged Doublepost
Hello, everyone! I am new to this site, however, rather familiar to fragrances; being an addict of great scents. My question is this: What is the most effective way to wear cologne?
The most effective way to wear cologne is by applying the scent, whichever way you decide (samples, splash, spray), on your pulse points (wrists, chest, neck, inner elbow). How many sprays and which combination changes from person to person so I would advise testing out where you want to wear the scents and see which works the best.
Test it for yourself; it is worth it.
Thank you for the tips! I will most definitely give them a try. One of my aggrevations of cologne is that I'm the only one that seems to know I am wearing one. Although it could be that no one says anything, I'm still unsure. What would you say to spraying cologne onto moist skin?
We don't always get comments even when people notice and are pleased--scent is personal and many times a positive comment can seem like a come-on in conservative communities. Ask an honest friend if they notice your cologne, if you have on too much/too little.
Skin should be moisturized to help a scent last longer--not with water, but with something fragrance free and a bit oily. Many here rub on a bit of Jojoba oil, I use sweet almond oil, but anything unscented will help.
And welcome to basenotes! Explore! Learn! There is a lot of good information here.
A bull in a china shop doesn't take damage. She delivers it. It's The Great Shy Purge of 2019.
Thank you! I am going to look into getting some Jojoba oil and see how that works.
Can someone please tell me how to post feedback for another user? Thanks.
I have been looking into getting some jojoba oil for my cologne wear, but the lady at the store I shop at says jojoba oil is not what im looking for because I'd have to dilute it; that it is not good alone and needs to be mixed with something else(lotion, other oil, etc.). She said that I should look into getting some sweet almond oil or grapeseed oil. I'm now wondering which to go with. Any advice?
Well I went ahead and purshased some Grapeseed oil, but I haven't had a chance to use it and my cologne together. Another very important question that I'm curious about is: How long do colognes last, and what are the best ways to store/keep them to make sure they last a long while?
Last edited by Jdene9; 20th June 2007 at 05:52 AM. Reason: Automerged Doublepost
Hi! Wondering if someone can help out a newbie. I've tried the help section and sending a email but I'm aware there can be some delay in reply so...
The problem is:
- I've registered, got my username and password;
- I sign in BUT when I go to the directory of fragrances (I'm looking forward to setting up my wardrobe, I have over 700 bottles!), a message says I'm not signed in and so I keep going in circles: I sign in (welcome, perfuma - is the message), I go to the directory and from there I'm directed to the sign in page and there I gat an error message saying that either the username or password aren't ok...
Could this be a glitch and when will it be gone?
Am I missing something cause I'm new to the community?
Many thanks,
This sounds like it could be a glitch. Grant is hosting the board in a different place so this is something he has to deal with. He's going to be away for a few days tending to his family, but I'll let him know there's a problem and he can get to it as soon as he gets back. Sorry for the hassles and welcome to Basenotes
I have been looking around here for many months and have finally decided to take the plunge. Basenotes has been very helpful as a research tool when I am deciding on a new (or old) fragrance. I look forward to joining the fray and hopefully can contribute to your forum.
Remember, if you drink don't drive. Don't even putt. - Dean Martin
WELCOME :wave: johnniegold ... we're glad you decided to dive in!
Hope to see you posting around the forum!!
Beauty is an ecstasy; it is as simple as hunger. There is really nothing to be said about it. It is like the perfume of a rose: you can smell it and that is all. W.SOMERSET MAUGHAM
I'm so happy to have found this forum and website!!!
I've always had a massive thing for fragrances but never really bothered to make the time and effort to really learn more about it and work on building a collection that I can really love and be proud of, but after browsing this site I think I may just become addicted.
I'm so impressed by everyone's knowledge of perfume, particularly when it comes to the niche fragrances (I think I'm developing an obsession with Caron's Tabac Blond even though I've never smelt it!).
Just a couple of quick questions:
1: Are there any perfume boutiques in the Sydney or Melbourne CBD that sell niche perfume brands like Caron, L'artisan parfumeur etc???? Or is the web the only way to go?
2: I'd love to play around with the wardrobe function, but whenever I cruise the directory it says the wardrobe function is not available until the site changes servers...does anyone know when that will be?
Cheers everyone, I look forward to perfume-obsessing with you!!!
xxx Lauren.
My Wardrobe:
I'm not sure about the Australia question, sorry. We have tons of people here who would have insite as to where to buy those kinds of high end bottles Renato is the name of one that I can think of off the top of my head.
I just tried the wardrobe adding and it worked just fine. You should try it again and see what happens. I think it will work this time.


text: The interior of the The Seventh Regiment Armory also known as Park Avenue Armory in New York January 24, 2013. The armory dedicated in 1880 is the only armory in the United States to be built and furnished with private funds. It served as the headquarters and administrative building for the 7th New York Militia Regiment. AFP PHOTO / TIMOTHY A. CLARY (Photo credit should read TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images)


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Gil Ellis, Ed.D.
Associate Professor
Contact Information
Office: Wiegand 227
Telephone: 305-899-3217
email: email@example.com
Gil Ellis, Ed.D. (Nova Southeastern University), has spent over thirty years teaching secondary school, community college, and university biological sciences. His specialty is teaching undergraduate physiology, and his present focus is on teaching physiology and graduate histology labs. He is most interested in cardiovascular physiology with an emphasis on cardiac electro physiology.
Gil earned his doctorate degree in Higher Education at Nova Southeastern University.


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Smokey and the Bandit Director Hal Needham Dies at 82
Oct 25, 2013 7:48 PM EDT
Longtime stuntman-turned-director Hal Needham has died after a short battle with cancer, according to The Hollywood Reporter. He was 82. The Walking Dead producer Gale Anne Hurd was the first to report his death. "RIP Hal Needham, legendary stuntman,… Read more


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Download the cloud and managed services insurance application here.
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MSPAlliance began in the year 2000 with the vision of becoming the unified voice for the Managed Services Industry. Our goal was to build a global organization for Managed Services (including cloud computing) Professionals where they could network, collaborate and share information. Today we're over 30,000 members strong and have become a globally recognized standards, certification and...Read More
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Public Policy
This page provides links and information regarding bills currently being tracked by MCEDSV to ensure appropriate protections and considerations are made for survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault.
MCEDSV Brings the Voice of Survivors to Washington, D.C.
The MCEDSV Survivors' Giving Circle Project brought several members of the Giving Circle to Washington, D.C., to share their stories with members of Congress. The Michigan Congressional delegation was given the opportunity to listen to these amazing and powerful women as they shared their stories of courage and survival. Giving Circle members shared the individual challenges they met on the road to safety and justice. Barriers identified included housing, transportation, lack of access to attorneys, the fear of uprooting children, perpetrators owning firearms and other deadly barriers. Survivors were also able to share how crucial the services they received from domestic violence advocates and programs were to their survival.
Follow this link to find your Representative in the U.S. House
Follow this link to find your Senator in the U.S. Senate
National Legislation
Reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) and Pursuit of Full Funding
A strong bipartisan bill to reauthorize VAWA (S. 47) passed in the Senate on February 12, 2013 (78-22) and in the House of Representatives on February 28, 2013 (286-138). President Obama signed the bill into law on March 7, 2013. Reauthorization included landmark protections for women on Tribal lands, improves protections for immigrant victims, ensures services for LGBT survivors, and adds important housing protections for victims. The bill also preserves and maintains core funding for life-saving victim services and prevention through SASP (Sexual Assault Services Program,) FVPSA (Family Violence Prevention and Services Act,) STOP (Services-Training-Officers- Prosecutors,) RPE (Rape Prevention and Education,) and discretionary programs.
Numerous national partners and allied organizations dedicated countless hours of advocacy, with the National Network to End Domestic and Sexual Violence (NNEDV) and National Alliance to End Sexual Violence (NAESV) leading the way as part of the National Task Force to End Sexual and Domestic Violence Against Women ("NTF".) NTF is focused on the development, passage and implementation of effective public policy to address domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault and stalking. The full membership of the NTF is comprised of a large and diverse group of national, tribal, state, territorial and local organizations, as well as individuals, committed to securing an end to violence against women. Included are civil rights organizations, labor unions, advocates for children and youth, anti‐poverty groups, immigrant and refugee rights organizations, women's rights leaders, education groups, and others focusing on a wide range of social, economic and racial justice issues. For over a decade, the NTF and its numerous subcommittees have been an important vehicle through which to promote our shared public policy goals.
Follow this link for the latest national advocacy initiatives.
Protecting VOCA and Crime Victims Compensation at the National and State Level
Protecting funding for the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) and the Michigan Crime Victims Services Commission is also at the forefront of the MCEDSV legislative agenda. MCEDSV and its national advocacy partners are front and center in the struggle to raise the cap for victim services and victim compensation. The budget forecast for VOCA funds in Michigan is outstanding especially in light of the many years of our struggle to protect these funds. Recent reductions in funding to Michigan due to the VOCA cap issue have been devastating to local victim service programs. Huge cuts to VOCA-funded programs were made and many programs were cut, drastically slashed, or un-funded altogether. This catastrophe was exacerbated by a desperate state budget climate that made any new appropriations a virtual political impossibility. Against these odds, the MCEDSV Policy Team persevered and secured a promising permanent fix to ongoing VOCA cap concerns.
For more information on VOCA, follow this link.
The Michigan Legislative Website
The Michigan Legislative Website provides access to active bills currently before the Michigan House and Senate, as well as recently and previously enacted public acts (laws).
Information is searchable with a bill number, keyword, and/or category via this website:
Current Pending State Legislation
Use the links below to review passed and pending legislation and the MCEDSV position on each bill. Each bill is listed with its Bill Number, Title and Primary Bill Sponsor. In most cases, the current MCEDSV position will be listed below. This is the position that the Public Policy team is communicating to the bill sponsors. The position may change as the bill progresses through the legislative process.
Follow this link to legislation that is currently pending in Michigan
Follow this link to legislation that passed during the 2015 session in Michigan
Follow this link to legislation passed during the 2013-2014 session in Michigan
House Bill (HB) 1234 (SB for Senate Bill and HB for House Bill)
BILL TITLE (House Representative) A one sentence description of the bill follows giving very basic information.
Link to bill and current status [Clicking this will link you to the State Government page with bill information]
INTRODUCED in House (1/13/2011)
To Families, Children and Seniors [Committee the bill was originally referred to]
MCEDSV Position: SUPPORT
Follow this link to find your Representative in the Michigan House
Follow this link to find your Senator in the Michigan Senate


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By Army Capt. Marie Orlando
, Sept. 21, 2010 – "Congratulations on your promotion, sir," the soldier said as he approached an open truck window and greeted a face he recognized. The captain in the truck had been hearing a lot of that in the 48 hours since his arrival to Bagram Airfield. Afghanistan
Army Capt. John Paluczak had scheduled a trip from Forward Operating Base Finley-Shields -- where he serves as agricultural officer in charge for the Missouri National Guard's agribusiness development team in eastern
's Nangarhar province -- to see his twin brother. Afghanistan
"Thanks," he said to the soldier, taking the remark in stride. The soldier continued to talk about his unit's upcoming redeployment back to the
. United States
"Well, that would be good, if I was going home," the captain said in response to a comment about the anticipated return. The soldier stumbled, but kept on going. He seemed a bit confused as he tried to work out a reason that one of them wouldn't be leaving the country.
At that point, Paluczak gave the guy a bit of slack. "I think you are talking about my twin brother, 1st Lt. [Michael] Paluczak," he said with a chuckle.
"I would have kept going, but we had someplace to be," he said to the truck's driver, Army Capt. Charlie Ledgerwood, Headquarters and Headquarters Company commander, 203rd Engineer Battalion, and to the passenger in the truck with him, who were playing along with the charade. "We aren't identical, but you won't be able to tell the difference."
His brother, assigned to the Missouri National Guard's 203rd Engineer Battalion, was expected to travel through Bagram Airfield from Forward Operating Base Sharana with his battalion as part of his redeployment home. But he was still at Sharana when Capt. Paluczak arrived at Bagram. While the captain waited, everyone he met who knew his brother assumed he was the lieutenant. He and Ledgerwood had fun with the mistaken identity that inevitably occurred.
"It was a lot of fun playing with people," he said. "I was waiting at the [administrative and logistical operations center], and I've known Captain Ledgerwood forever. So we just played along with it. I don't know how many times I was congratulated on my promotion."
When Lieutenant Paluczak finally arrived, it was nearly time for the captain to leave. So the twins stayed up until 3:30 a.m. talking about their experiences and catching up, knowing that it would be another six months before they would see each other again.
As it turned out, Captain Paluczak's flight was cancelled, and he had to wait a couple of days before he could return to Finley-Shields on a space-available flight.
"The last time I saw him was in March when I was home on leave," the lieutenant said, "and if I didn't see him now, it would be February before he comes home on leave. We just hung out. We went to eat and went to the shops. We swapped stories about what we were doing. We, the battalion, had a route-clearance mission in his area."
The Paluczaks enlisted together under the Buddy Program into the Missouri National Guard with the 128th Field Artillery in
, in February 2001. They attended different Kirksville, Mo. Missouri colleges -- John went to Webster University in St. Louis and Michael attended Truman State in -- but both joined ROTC and were commissioned with the Missouri National Guard. Kirksville
Captain Paluczak said it was good to see his brother.
"It was very nice of my command staff to let that happen," he said. "He didn't get in until [midnight], and we stayed up until 3:30 in the morning talking. I lucked out and my flight was cancelled. It was also good to see others from the 203rd Engineer Battalion that I knew."
Lieutenant Paluczak agreed the reunion was nice, but added he's ready to get home.
"It was awesome seeing John," he said. "I'm looking forward to going home and seeing my family."


text:
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If the solar market fails to light up, it won't be for a lack of sun-drenched spaces. The Energy Foundation scouted out the country's best commercial and residential roof space and found there's enough to support 710,000MW of solar power. So what makes a roof prime PV real estate? We asked Ed Kern, president of Lincoln, Mass.-based Irradiance and a frequent PV design consultant, what to shop for.
Roof grade — Even the slightest tilt will force you to make surface penetrations to anchor the system. You can get away with just ballasts on flat roofs.
Surface — Roofs with an EPDM membrane will resist corrosion and unintentional penetrations. Water tends to collect under ballast trays, and tar and gravel surfaces are much more susceptible to water damage.
Layout — Avoid sites with skylights and roof-mounted HVAC systems because they can be difficult to work around. Wide open spaces are best.
Height — The taller the building, the windier the roof and the more ballast you'll need. And building codes for load-bearing capabilities get complicated for buildings over 60 feet, so steer clear of the highrises.


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Michael W. Smith Says Atheist Lawsuit Threat Is 'Absurd'
Contemporary Christian music star Michael W. Smith has denounced a recent lawsuit threat from a Utah atheist who wants a concert canceled because of possible church-state concerns.
Smith told The Christian Post that he found the lawsuit threat against the Draper City Council "absurd" and the "craziest thing I've ever heard."
"I don't really have an opinion on the person as I've never met him, but I think the idea of a concert being cancelled because one person threatening a lawsuit is absurd," said Smith.
Smith will be having a concert, titled "Wonder, Worship, and Glory" at the Draper Amphitheater of Draper, Utah, on Tuesday, July 24. It is presented by Warrior Worship Ministries.
According to Fox 13, the Draper City Council helped deposit $21,500 for various expenses and also advertised for the event on the city website. Most of the deposit was refunded via ticket sales.
Todd Ouzts (pronounced "Oots"), a resident of Draper, demanded that the city reconsider holding the event over church-state concerns.
"I … sent an inquiry to Draper's Mayor and City Council and I cited Utah's Constitution, which strictly prohibits ANY public money or property from being used for ANY religious purpose," said Ouzts in a statement.
"Draper City's evasive reply confirmed that the event was illegal under state law, as did their quick attempt to add a disclaimer to the ad on their official government website."
Initially, the city council backtracked and decided to cancel the event due to Ouzts' concerns. However, they reconsidered after several complaints were leveled by people planning to attend the Smith concert.
Todd Walker, a member of Draper City Council, told local media that the city is not promoting the event for religious reasons but for commercial ones instead.
"We're not promoting religion or promoting anything like that. It's just a performance and a show," said Walker in a statement published by Fox 13. "We think we've done everything the way it needs to be done and so we'll go forward with the show. People are counting on it. People have bought tickets, it'll be a great performance."
Maridene Hancock, public relations specialist for Draper, told CP that the city council's involvement was not as significant as Ouzts says.
"The Warrior Worship is renting the Draper Amphitheater. No other connection at all," said Hancock, adding that they "rent the Draper facility to all kinds of groups."
Derek Spirk, spokesman for the Michael W. Smith tour, told CP that the "Wonder, Worship, and Glory" tour has already been to many locations this year.
"The Wonder, Worship, and Glory tour has been in over seven countries and all over the United States this year," said Spirk. "Draper is one of many stops in the United States. Michael is very much looking forward to bringing his tour to Draper."
One of the sponsors is the Warrior Worship Project, an evangelical group that focuses its witness to members of the military and veterans.


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"Criminal Minds" is Wednesday's Most Watched Program
CBS Places First on the Night in Viewers, Adults 18-49 and Adults 25-54
SURVIVOR and CSI swept their respective time periods in viewers and key demos and CRIMINAL MINDS was Wednesday's most watched program, according to Nielsen preliminary live plus same day ratings for Oct. 9.
SURVIVOR was #1 in viewers (9.46m), adults 25-54 (3.3/09) and adults 18-49 (2.4/08).
CRIMINAL MINDS was #1 in viewers (10.90m) and second in both adults 25-54 (3.4/08) and adults 18-49 (2.6/07). CRIMINAL MINDS was the night's most watched program.
At 10:00PM, CSI: CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION was #1 in viewers (8.78m), adults 25-54 (2.6/07) and adults 18-49 (1.9/05).
For the night, CBS was #1 in households (6.2/10), viewers (9.71m), adults 25-54 (3.1/08) and tied for first in adults 18-49 (2.3/07, with ABC).
Updated Wednesday ratings will be available later today.
Editor's Note: Television viewing on platforms such as DVR, Video-on-Demand and Online streaming continues to grow at a fast pace. Last season during premiere week, Live+7 CBS audiences grew 20% over Live+SD in total viewers, up from 17% in 2012. In A18-49, Live+7 levels grew 29% from Live+SD, up from 23% one year ago. Additionally, many CBS shows experienced as much as a 50% increase in Total Viewers once full 30 day Multi-Platform audiences were accounted for. In an effort to quantify how much non-linear viewing adds to Live+SD audiences, CBS Research will provide estimates for series which will include DVR playback as well as Multi-Platform viewership.


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Item Zero is an international, multidisciplinary design studio that takes a highly visual approach to working with physical and digital media. We are passionate about communication and focus on making it as direct and effective as possible to maximise its connection with the desired audience.
Founder and lecturer Ruben R. Dias brings his love of type and makes typography a leading part of creating straightforward yet graphic communication. Each project is complemented by the participation of other design specialists, such as architects, photographers and computer engineers.
Since 2004 we have worked on publications, typefaces, identities, exhibitions and websites with renowned cultural and educational institutions, leading architects and businesses. These include ar.co-Centro de Arte e Comunicação Visual, Fundação Museu Berardo, Fundação EDP, Experimenta Design, Gonçalo Byrne Arquitectos, Aires Mateus Arquitectos, ACXT Arquitectos/IDOM Engenharia, Esphera Engenharia.
Our relationship with our clients is very much a partnership. We help you from the very start and support you throughout the entire process. We think visually to help you with your needs and priorities, combining aesthetics and functionality. A great solution must fulfil your business' needs and should be practical and have the desired impact on your customers.
Driven by design principles, we strive to turn your project into a business success that will have an impact on people. We also conduct workshops and give master classes on type and typography as a tool for visual communication.
Last but not least we conduct workshops under the label Tipografia Dias (a letterpress workshop we develop at our studio) and give master classes on type and typography as a tool for visual communication for a contemporary digital use.Rua 26, 512


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- Authors:
Publication Date:
May 2013
According to the results of a survey by The Conference Board in collaboration with NASDAQ OMX and NYSE Euronext, almost one-quarter of financial services companies have instituted a dedicated risk committee, compared to 5 percent of nonfinancial services companies and 3 percent of manufacturers. Financial companies are also the only industry group in which more than half of companies report on risk at each board meeting and as part of the regular board agenda. Boards at manufacturing and nonfinancial services companies receive information on risk from management at least annually. For more survey results, read the full report.
This publication is complimentary.
To gain access to it and our other free content, click "Read more" and create an account.


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Jim Carey
firstname.lastname@example.com | (509) 628-9555
Celebrity Century - A Ship Transformed
Celebrity Cruises continues to offer a comfortably sophisticated, upscale cruise experience with highly personalized service, authentic five-star dining, and extraordinary attention to detail. In 2006, the cruise line stepped up as one of the cruise industry leaders in innovation as it took one of its premier ships to a whole new level.
Dawn of the CenturyCelebrity Cruises made a giant leap toward transforming a Century-class ship into a Millennium-class ship in just five weeks. The approximately $55 million makeover was designed to incorporate a variety of Celebrity's most popular Millennium-class attributes.
During its "drydock" period, it underwent renovations to include the addition of 314 verandas on current oceanview staterooms, 24 new staterooms of which 14 are suites, an expanded number of Concierge Class category staterooms, a new specialty restaurant, and a series of features and amenities that typify the line's acclaimed Millennium-class fleet.
Culinary DelightsAmong the highlights of Celebrity Century is a specialty restaurant that offers the elegant dining experience praised by guests on Celebrity's Millennium-class ships, with a menu designed by Celebrity's longtime culinary and wine consultant, Master Chef Michel Roux. The venue follows the style of Celebrity's "Olympic," "SS United States," "Normandie" and "Ocean Liners" restaurants, which presented the industry's first tableside cooking, carving and flambé. The "Casual Dining Boulevard" on the lido deck was expanded to include a Sushi Café, made-to-order pasta and pizza bar, a small ice cream parlor, along with buffet breakfasts, themed lunches, and dinner service with a casual dress code.
Fans of light, healthy spa cuisine will find what they're seeking in a Spa Cafe inspired by the venue of the same name on Celebrity's Millennium-class ships.
For evening cocktails, a sophisticated Martini Bar offers Celebrity's famed menu of more than 30 versions of the popular libation, while outside on the aft deck, a bandstand and bar complete with tapas carts offer the ultimate setting for romantic sailaways at sunset, complete with live music.


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TRURO - The largest single-family house in this singular sliver of Cape Cod is a sleek, glassy, contemporary concoction whose 8,333 square feet, spread and stacked on top of a dune, offer a $10 million view of the shimmering bay.
Construction ended only months ago, and the owner, a woman from Boca Raton, Fla., has not moved in. If the town has its way, she never will.
In a recent decision that has delighted or dumbfounded residents, Truro officials have ordered the dream house demolished by mid-April.
"It's unquestionably been a very polarizing project,'' said E. James Veara, the town attorney.
The crux of the demolition order involves legal interpretations of arcane zoning law. But to some neighbors, the bigger question is the location of the house built by Donald and Andrea Kline.
Critics call the home - bounded by sea, sand, beach plum, and broom crowberry - a blot on a stunning landscape painted often by American artist Edward Hopper, whose modest 1930s home and studio stand next door.
"It's too big, too declarative, not in the same style as any of the other houses around, and it is plop in the middle of the Hopper Landscape, which is almost sacred ground,'' said author Anne Bernays, who owns a beach house nearby. "It's like a fat woman trying to get into a size 8 dress.''
Donald Kline died two years ago, after construction began, but the real estate businessman's family pledges to appeal the Truro building commissioner's Jan. 20 demolition order, according to Boston lawyer Diane Tillotson, who represents the Kline trust.
"They always intended to build with a lot of respect and sensitivity to the environment and the land around them,'' Tillotson said. "If you were boating along that shoreline, this house is barely discernible, as opposed to many of the surrounding homes.''
The family's appeal, Tillotson said, is likely to assert that demolition is unfair and an example of selective enforcement.
The Klines received a building permit in May 2008 that approved the house as an "alteration'' to a much smaller house elsewhere on the property, but neighbors went to court to fight the project. Despite warnings about the court challenge, Veara said, the Klines began construction anyway.
In May 2011, the state Appeals Court rejected the new residence as an alteration, and the Truro Zoning Board ordered the permit revoked.
"An entirely new building on a different location, which is also completely different in appearance and more than four times the size of its predecessor, cannot correctly be deemed an 'alteration' of the original,'' the court ruled.
Said Veara: "For those who think it's unfair to make them take the house down, again, they know they took a risk.''
In this rural community of 2,000 year-round residents, whether the house will be razed seems to be anyone's guess.
"They won't tear it down,'' said Ryan Schmidt, 27, during a refrigeration-repair job at Savory Pizza Grill. "They've got too much money. They'll just keep fighting it.''
"Since it's up, just let it go,'' said Brett Kaplan, 21, as he worked behind the counter.
"They say it doesn't fit, but I think it's a nice home,'' Schmidt chimed in.
In the local newspaper, Kline supporters have assailed the town's decision while lauding the family's contributions to local charities.
"Truro should stop these proceedings, which have gone beyond ridiculous,'' resident Hank Keenan wrote this week in the Provincetown Banner. "It is now just vindictive harassment and shameful.''
Near the house, which features floor-to-ceiling glass and pools in front and back, the reaction can differ dramatically.
Nathalie Ferrier, an artist who lives in an 18th-century house used by author John Dos Passos in the 1930s, sees the Kline house in every season and even through the night, when she says the residence is illuminated "like a ship.''
"That would be fine in Malibu, but Truro is not Malibu,'' Ferrier said. "It is the wrong scale, it is a very aggressive building, and it's not legal. It's crazy to build such a monster mansion in the soft dune. They come and they conquer, you know?''
Bernays said the house harkens from somewhere far from the weathered clapboards and gray shingles of vintage Cape Cod.
"To me, it looks like the visitors center of a medium-size Midwestern museum,'' Bernays said. "It isn't an eyesore, per se, but it's wrong for the space.''
For all the aesthetic angst produced by the house, the Kline family reached a settlement in 2011 with two of its neighbors, including the current owner of the old Hopper home and Alan Solomont, the US ambassador to Spain.
Those neighbors withdrew their request to revoke the building permits after the Kline family agreed to set aside most of its 9-acre property as conservation land. That agreement has prompted Tillotson, the attorney for the Kline trust, to question why the town pursued the case.
"We were surprised when the town decided . . . that they now needed to essentially enforce on their own the Appeals Court decision, despite the fact that no one was asking them to do that anymore,'' Tillotson said.
Veara said the town simply is following the law.
"That doesn't mean they made any deal with the town, and it doesn't change the fact that, as a result of the court's determination, it violates zoning,'' Veara said.
Joan Holt, a former Planning Board member, said the case's importance is not about the house's size or location but the integrity of zoning bylaws. "It does mar the landscape, but that's not the reason,'' Holt said, for her opposition.
Even Bernays, who said the house would be a fine addition somewhere other than Truro, does not want it torn down.
"It's there, it's a fait accompli, and should be used by something,'' said Bernays, who suggested a wedding site. "It hurts to think about it being demolished. It's so vengeful. You don't destroy for the sake of destroying.''
MacQuarrie can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Fifty years ago, students at Winslow Elementary thought buses would fly and chalkboards might erase themselves.
All that stood between Winslow students and the history of their school was a copper box recovered from the building's cornerstone.
Ear-piercing cheers could be heard through the halls of Winslow elementary as the school's principal, Ron Springer, gently opened the box and sorted through copies of yellowed newspapers, pictures and letters.
A weathered magazine and various squares of microfilm were also uncovered. A copy of the Feb. 3, 1960, edition of the Rush-Henrietta Herald featured a story on the opening of the Winslow school.
They also found a surprise inside — a copy of the school's 25th yearbook, which would have been planted there in 1983. Springer was especially shocked.
"Somebody's been messing with the box," he said, joking.
Scott Rapp, a former student at the school, attended the opening of the time capsule. Inside was a letter from Rapp's class — written by Rapp himself. So, Rapp read the document aloud. It told students of the "future" his class envisioned.
The students believed the future of Henrietta would include flying buses, a junior high school behind Winslow and blackboards that could erase themselves. They also predicted Henrietta would become its own city.
Rapp heard about the time capsule opening sometime in November. He called Springer and offered to assist.
"I think it really meant a lot, brought a lot of relevance to it to actually have a former student that was here at the time to participate in the assembly," Springer said.
The kids will nominate items to place back into the box, which they hope to be opened 50 years from now — at the school's 100th anniversary.
He's toying with the idea of trying to compile different documents onto a compact disc, but said it's up to the children and teachers. The kids will fill the time capsule at its birthday party later this school year.
"I don't know if we'll have any paper in there," Springer said.
Rush-Henrietta Post writer Jessica Gaspar can be reached at (585) 394-0770, Ext. 323, or at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Parceling out old post offices
The U.S. Postal Service is trying to sell many of its historical buildings to private developers as it looks for ways to cut losses that reached a record $15.9 billion in 2012.
MORE:Postal Service to end Saturday delivery
The fire sale started gaining momentum two years ago after the Postal Service hired the commercial real estate firm CBRE to oversee the properties, many of them relics of the New Deal era. Of the 58 post offices currently listed, six are on the National Register of Historic Places.
The listing prices vary, from $8.3million for the 16,930-square-foot Nat King Cole Post Office in Los Angeles to $55,000 for the modest, 1,262-square-foot post office in Petersburg, Va.
"Due to decreasing mail volumes, the Postal Service has an infrastructure that is too big, and we have spent the past two years consolidating mail processing facilities in an attempt to right-size the organization," Postal Service spokeswoman Sue Brennan said.
Last year, the National Trust for Historic Preservation named the post office as one of the United States' 11 most "endangered historic places" after the USPS identified nearly 4,400 post offices it would study for potential closure.
Peter Malkin, whose holdings include the Empire State Building, bought the Greenwich, Conn., post office two years ago for about $15million in an attempt to keep the building's historic nature intact. A similar deal played out last summer when a group of developers in Reno bought the city's 78-year-old downtown post office for $1.2 million.
In other communities, such as Ukiah, Calif., the sales have resulted in bitter political battles in which developers have purchased the building only to leave residents guessing what will come next.
"Generally speaking, they get turned into retail complexes like the one in Reno," said Steve Hutkins, a literature professor at New York University who runs the website Save the Post Office. He noted the post office in Venice, Calif., that is now set to become an office for Joel Silver, the Hollywood producer behind The Matrix and Lethal Weapon.
He said about 2,200 of the nation's post offices were built during the Great Depression as a morale booster for a country that was losing confidence in its government.
"So to see them turned into a restaurant or a film studio or real estate office or law offices is just undoing all of that," Hutkins said. "Frankly, I think the effort to privatize them is to remove all signs that the government can do great things."
After they bought the city's downtown post office last summer, the Reno developers announced they had plans to turn the three-story art deco building into a high-end retail center on the banks of the Truckee River.
Before work can start, Nevada's State Historic Preservation Office will be required to approve any changes to the building, which includes about $5 million in repairs and asbestos removal.
"Once we get those approvals done, then we can start the process of improving the building," said Bernie Carter, one of the developers. "Those redevelopment plans include a whole new roof on the building."
Municipalities have purchased some post offices in an attempt to keep them open. In Boone, N.C., the town's planning department will set up shop in the downtown post office after the Town Council agreed to buy the 73-year-old building for $1million, said Bill Bailey, Boone's planning director. In turn, the town leased a portion of the building back to the Postal Service to keep the post office running.
Of the 31,300 Postal Service branches across the nation, about 8,900 are owned by the government, and the rest are leased.
There's no telling how many of the locations identified for possible closure will be sold. There are plans to sell the post office in the Washington, D.C., neighborhood of Georgetown, "one of the oldest post offices in the country," said Nancy Pope, a historian at the Smithsonian's National Postal Museum in Washington.
Pope said the local post office for decades was the only interaction many Americans had with the federal government. "As a society we don't want to let it go," Pope said.
Duggan also reports for the Reno Gazette-Journal


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Bond Investors Head for the Hills
Fears of Higher Rates, Stronger Economy Cause Funds Exodus in Sums Last Seen in Financial Crisis
Signs of a stronger U.S. economy are rippling through the bond markets, sending investors and corporate leaders racing to prepare for higher interest rates.
Investors have pulled money out of assets ranging from lower-rated corporate bonds to ultrasafe U.S. Treasurys in sums unseen since the financial crisis. Investors yanked $17.672 billion from funds that invest in bonds in the two weeks ended June 12, according to data company Lipper, a unit of Thomson Reuters....


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- Lady Gaga's concert in Paris was postponed on Sunday due to snow, and it was the second time she was forced to change her Paris show date.
In October, Gaga's show was postponed due to the strikes and riots; yesterday, weather kept big trucks off the road. Gaga Tweeted: "All 28 of my trucks for the Monsterball were detained by the French government going on over 26 hrs, 2 of my employees were arrested trying to get into Paris so we could perform… I am furious and devastated, its unfair to my fans and to me." She added: "I love Paris + I love my French fans… I'm sorry little monsters." The show should happen tonight. [NYDN]
- More Christina Hendricks on the big screen! The scarlet bombshell has joined the cast of I Don't Know How She Does It, the movie version of the book by Allison Pearson, starring Sarah Jessica Parker, Seth Meyers and Olivia Munn. (Joan Holloway will also be in Drive with Ryan Gosling and Carey Mulligan in 2011.) [Contact Music]
- Jake Gyllenhaal and Taylor Swift are moving in together. Jake feels like she's The One. Taylor is seeing hearts and unicorns and rainbows everywhere she goes. The sun is shining, birds are chirping, puppies are playing. All is well. [Showbiz Spy]
- Katie Holmes spent her 32nd birthday having dinner, drinks, and cardio spin classes. [Pop Sugar]
- You know how Lindsay Lohan has been threatened and harassed? The FBI is on the case. [TMZ]
- According to this report, Sam Lutfi is not stalking Lindsay Lohan. Someone else is. Although Lutfi did contact LL. He sent her a text message, in which he wrote negative things about Dina Lohan. [Radar Online]
- Any guesses as to why Johnny Depp went to a Justin Bieber concert? Maybe his kids were there but the paparazzi managed to miss them somehow? [Radar Online, Just Jared]
- Ryan Reynolds and Scarlett Johansson went to dinner together in New York on Friday night, just a friendly meal between the Sexiest Man Alive and the Babe of the Year, as they prepare to divorce. [Radar Online]
- Gary Shirley, the man who has an off and on relationship with Teen Mom's Amber Portwood — and is the father of her child — spent about $24,000 over the last few months. He went on a trip to Vegas with his friends, bought furniture for his "bachelor pad," purchased a Dodge Charger, and HDTV and a PlayStation 3. Stuff his 2-year-old daughter will appreciate. [WonderWall]
- Kim and Khloe Kardashian missed the family Christmas party when their flight out of South Africa was cancelled. [Daily Mail]
- Demi Lovato's rep says there is no sex tape. And: "Perpetrating these completely unfounded rumors from supposed sources while Demi is in treatment dealing with serious physical and emotional issues is disgusting." [TMZ]
- Here is a picture of Cameron Diaz holding one of A-Rod's kids. [Radar Online]
- Who would win in a brawl between Marky Mark versus the Fresh Prince? Mark Wahlberg and Will Smith have been offered $1 million to fight each other in a celebrity boxing match. Prediction: Not gonna happen. Like they need the money. [Radar Online]
- Brittney Jones, the lady to whom Ashton Kutcher allegedly made love on a couch, is selling a gray sweater on eBay. Description: "Sweater owned by Ashton Kutcher given to me personally. This sweater was given to me after spending the night with Ashton. I no longer have any attachment to this sweater and I am hoping someone else will enjoy it." The auction began at $500 and as of right now there are 4 bids, $710 being the highest. Who are these people? Maybe aplusk is trying get his sweater back? [TMZ]
- If you paint a portrait of Snooki and post it on her Facebook page, she'll probably buy it. [Page Six]
- Does Clay Aiken have a new boyfriend? [DListed]
- Yucky holiday news: Kristin Chenoweth's roof caved in. She has a predictably good attitude about it, though, Tweeting: "Some people don't have roofs." [Wonder Wall]
- Chris Evans's face in his Gucci Guilty skews a little Zoolander. His best photo shoot remains the one he did for Flaunt magazine. I mean seriously. [Just Jared]
- HA! Headline: "A New Tron Bomb?" [E!]
- "My kids have never seen me in anything. I mean, they know I work but they think I do singing, which is hilarious. They probably saw me for a year practicing my guitar and singing and they think that's my job." — Gwyneth Paltrow. [Showbiz Spy]
- "My biggest problem with the whole Brett Favre thing is, if you're going to send a woman a picture of your junk, it should be huge. You can't send small junk to a woman and expect anything. Seriously, you have to be like Ron Jeremy or some of those other porn stars. If you send a woman a picture of your junk, it should be humongous, it shouldn't be small. That's one of the Ten Commandments." — Charles Barkley. [Page Six]


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University Academic Advising Center
Kimberly S. Brown, Director
The University Academic Advising Center serves the university community in several ways. First, it administers the University Studies program for new undergraduate students who want to explore a variety of degree programs before they commit themselves to one particular major. Students who enter Virginia Tech as University Studies students are not limited to pursuing a specific major in their first year. With the guidance of a faculty advisor, students research the full range of degree programs related to their interests and design programs of study that meet graduation requirements while providing the students with the academic flexibility to pursue whichever degree program they ultimately choose. Second, the advising center assists new students who intend to reapply to competitive admission majors. Advisors work with these students in developing programs of study that meet the established criteria for entrance to their chosen major. Third, for these two student populations the University Academic Advising Center serves as both the college and department, providing administrative services, dean's office services, and academic advising until the students enter a specific major.
University Studies
Restricted Majors
Restricted Programs for Internal Transfers:
Curriculum for Liberal Education (a.k.a. Core Curriculum)
In general, Liberal Education (a.k.a. University Core) requirements are completed in the freshman and sophomore years. Some majors are flexible with regard to which Liberal Education (a.k.a. Core) courses can be used to fulfill degree requirements; other majors designate specific Liberal Education (a.k.a. Core) course selections. Faculty advisors assist University Studies students in selecting courses that apply toward as many of the majors a student is considering as possible. Thus, students fulfill degree requirements for graduation while they are exploring majors and are able to graduate on time.
Graduation Requirements
The Honors Program
Dean's List
Pre-Professional Advising
Study Abroad


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Cats, dogs, and ferrets should receive their first rabies vaccination
at the age of 3 months and their second vaccination at 1 year. Check with your
veterinarian for the rabies vaccination schedule for your area. After the
second vaccination, the need for revaccinating cats and dogs is determined by
the type of vaccine used and the number of rabies cases in your area.
Last Revised:
June 6, 2012
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine & H. Michael O'Connor, MD - Emergency Medicine
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


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This information is produced and provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. For the most current information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the Internet web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER.
Cancer prevention is action taken to lower the chance of getting cancer. By preventing cancer, the number of new cases of cancer in a group or population is lowered. Hopefully, this will lower the number of deaths caused by cancer.
To prevent new cancers from starting, scientists look at risk factors and protective factors. Anything that increases your chance of developing cancer is called a cancer risk factor; anything that decreases your chance of developing cancer is called a cancer protective factor.
Some risk factors for cancer can be avoided, but many cannot. For example, both smoking and inheriting certain genes are risk factors for some types of cancer, but only smoking can be avoided. Regular exercise and a healthy diet may be protective factors for some types of cancer. Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may lower your risk but it does not mean that you will not get cancer.
Different ways to prevent cancer are being studied, including:
Esophageal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the esophagus.
The esophagus is the hollow, muscular tube that moves food and liquid from the throat to the stomach. The wall of the esophagus is made up of several layers of tissue, including mucous membrane, muscle, and connective tissue. Esophageal cancer starts in the inside lining of the esophagus and spreads outward through the other layers as it grows.The stomach and esophagus are part of the upper digestive system.
The two most common types of esophageal cancer are named for the type of cells that become malignant (cancerous):
See the following PDQ summaries for more information about esophageal cancer:
Esophageal cancer is found more often in men.
Men are about three times more likely than women to develop esophageal cancer. The chance of developing esophageal cancer increases with age. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is more common in blacks than in whites.
In the United States, the rates of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus have increased in the last 20 years. It is now more common than squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The rates of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus are decreasing.
Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent cancer.
Avoiding cancer risk factors may help prevent certain cancers. Risk factors include smoking, being overweight, and not getting enough exercise. Increasing protective factors such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and exercising may also help prevent some cancers. Talk to your doctor or other health care professional about how you might lower your risk of cancer.
The following risk factors may increase the risk of esophageal cancer:
Tobacco and alcohol use
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is strongly linked with all types of tobacco and alcohol use. Stopping smoking can help lower the risk of this type of cancer.
Gastric reflux and Barrett esophagus
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is strongly linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is a condition in which the contents of the stomach back into the lower part of the esophagus. GERD may irritate the esophagus and, over time, cause Barrett esophagus. Barrett esophagus is a condition that affects the cells lining the lower part of the esophagus. These cells change or are replaced with abnormal cells, which can lead to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
It is not known if surgery or other medical treatment to stop gastric reflux lowers the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Clinical trials are being done to see if surgery or medical treatments can prevent Barrett esophagus.
The following protective factors may decrease the risk of esophageal cancer:
Avoiding tobacco and alcohol use
Many studies have shown that the risk of esophageal cancer is lower in people who do not use tobacco and alcohol.
A diet high in green and yellow fruits and vegetables and cruciferous vegetables (such as cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower) may lower the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Some studies have shown that the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may lower the risk of esophageal cancer. NSAIDS include aspirin and other drugs that reduce swelling and pain. Use of NSAIDs, however, increases the risk of heart attack, heart failure, stroke, bleeding in the stomach and intestines, and kidney damage.
Radiofrequency ablation
Radiofrequency ablation is being studied in clinical trials for certain patients with Barrett esophagus. This procedure uses radio waves to heat and destroy abnormal cells, which may become cancer.
Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer.
Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to lower the risk of certain types of cancer. Some cancer prevention trials are conducted with healthy people who have not had cancer but who have an increased risk for cancer. Other prevention trials are conducted with people who have had cancer and are trying to prevent another cancer of the same type or to lower their chance of developing a new type of cancer. Other trials are done with healthy volunteers who are not known to have any risk factors for cancer.
The purpose of some cancer prevention clinical trials is to find out whether actions people take can prevent cancer. These may include eating fruits and vegetables, exercising, quitting smoking, or taking certain medicines, vitamins, minerals, or food supplements.
New ways to prevent esophageal cancer are being studied in clinical trials.
Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. Information about clinical trials can be found in the Clinical Trials section of the NCI Web site. Check NCI's list of cancer clinical trials for esophageal cancer prevention trials that are now accepting patients.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.
Editorial changes were made to this summary.
If you have questions or comments about this summary, please send them to Cancer.gov through the Web site's Contact Form. We can respond only to email messages written in English.
Call 1-800-4-CANCER
For more information, U.S. residents may call the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Cancer Information Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Time. A trained Cancer Information Specialist is available to answer your questions.
Chat online
The NCI's LiveHelp® online chat service provides Internet users with the ability to chat online with an Information Specialist. The service is available from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday. Information Specialists can help Internet users find information on NCI Web sites and answer questions about cancer.
Write to us
For more information from the NCI, please write to this address:
Search the NCI Web site
The NCI Web site provides online access to information on cancer, clinical trials, and other Web sites and organizations that offer support and resources for cancer patients and their families. For a quick search, use the search box in the upper right corner of each Web page. The results for a wide range of search terms will include a list of "Best Bets," editorially chosen Web pages that are most closely related to the search term entered.
There are also many other places to get materials and information about cancer treatment and services. Hospitals in your area may have information about local and regional agencies that have information on finances, getting to and from treatment, receiving care at home, and dealing with problems related to cancer treatment.
Find Publications
The NCI has booklets and other materials for patients, health professionals, and the public. These publications discuss types of cancer, methods of cancer treatment, coping with cancer, and clinical trials. Some publications provide information on tests for cancer, cancer causes and prevention, cancer statistics, and NCI research activities. NCI materials on these and other topics may be ordered online or printed directly from the NCI Publications Locator. These materials can also be ordered by telephone from the Cancer Information Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
PDQ is a comprehensive cancer database available on NCI's Web site.
PDQ is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. Most of the information contained in PDQ is available online at NCI's Web site. PDQ is provided as a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health, the federal government's focal point for biomedical research.
PDQ contains cancer information summaries.
The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries are available in two versions. The health professional versions provide detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions provide current and accurate cancer information.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are developed by cancer experts and reviewed regularly.
Editorial Boards made up of experts in oncology and related specialties are responsible for writing and maintaining the cancer information summaries. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made as new information becomes available. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") indicates the time of the most recent change.
PDQ also contains information on clinical trials.
A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether a certain drug or nutrient can prevent cancer. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients and those who are at risk for cancer. During prevention clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new prevention method and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new method is better than one currently being used, the new method may become "standard." People who are at high risk for a certain type of cancer may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.
Listings of clinical trials are included in PDQ and are available online at NCI's Web site. Descriptions of the trials are available in health professional and patient versions. Many cancer doctors who take part in clinical trials are also listed in PDQ. For more information, call the Cancer Information Service 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
Last Revised: 2012-05-24
If you want to know more about cancer and how it is treated, or if you wish to know about clinical trials for your type of cancer, you can call the NCI's Cancer Information Service at 1-800-422-6237, toll free. A trained information specialist can talk with you and answer your questions.
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.