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Finding Federal Law: Free-access Internet Resources
The United States has a rich body of Federal environmental and natural resource law that has developed over the years through all three branches of government:
- Legislative Branch — laws passed by Congress
- Judicial Branch — cases decided by the courts
- Executive Branch — Executive orders and Federal agency regulations or rules.
Knowing the law is essential for participating in management of federal lands. Having easy access to that knowledge helps everyone to participate more effectively in collaborative processes.
Law used to be somewhat of a mystery because legal information was only available at the specialty law libraries and from expensive on-line services. Today, many of the laws, regulations and other federal policy documents that can help individuals understand issues and procedures are available on the internet. Some of these are easier to access than others, but if you know where to look, most everything is available.
Many useful guides are available to help understand how federal laws and regulations are developed and implemented:
- American Forests' Forest Policy Center's The Federal Budget Process and The Federal Appropriations Process provide useful access to evolving laws and regulations.
- The Environmental Protection Agency publishes a semiannual regulatory agenda online (the e-Agenda) at www.reginfo.gov to update the public about regulations and major policies currently under development, reviews of existing regulations and major policies, and rules and major policymakings completed or canceled since the last agenda. See also the EPA's "Rulemaking Gateway," for the status of priority EPA regulations.
Other sources illustrate how federal laws affect various public resources. For example, see the discussion of "United States Laws and Policies Protecting Wildlife" in the 2009 State of the Rockies Report Card, produced by Colorado College.
In many instances, legal rules that apply to collaborative conservation initiatives relate to broader notions of "good government" and public participation than to specific natural resources or environmental protection. See the policy report titled "The Legal Framework for Cooperative Conservation" (Univ. Mont. Public Policy Research Inst., 2006) for an overview of these rules and how they influence the institutions governing public resource management. See also President Obama's memo titled "Transparency and Open Government," which proclaims that "Executive departments and agencies should use innovative tools, methods, and systems to cooperate among themselves, across all levels of Government, and with nonprofit organizations, businesses, and individuals in the private sector."
Click here to download pdf report.
A Guide to Federal Laws and Regulations
Key Concepts
Legislation — Congressional Bills and Public Laws
Most federal laws start out as bills introduced in a session of Congress. These bills are assigned tracking numbers depending on where they are first introduced. Senate bills originate in the Senate and are designated "S" followed by a number (for example S 507); House bills are originally introduced in the House of Representatives and are designated HR followed by a number (for example, HR 1904). There may be separate Senate and House bills dealing with an issue, or one or the other body of Congress may just use the other chamber's bill. If both the Senate and House pass a bill and it is signed by the President (or vetoed by the President and re-passed by a two-thirds vote of both houses), the bill becomes a "public law" and is given a new number (for example P.L. 94-579). The first part of this number represents the number of the Congress; the second part of the number is simply a consecutive number assigned to the bill by Congress.
For example, the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) was introduced in 1974 in the 94th Congress as S 507. It became P.L. 94-579, the 579th bill signed into law from the 94th Congress. Stewardship Contracting became law through a rider to the FY 02-03 Consolidated Appropriations Bill (P.L. 108-7).
The standard process for creating "authorizing" legislation includes consideration of a bill by a committee, amendments, hearings, debates and reports. Appropriations bills, also called "spending" bills, are developed in a similar process, but must originate in the House of Representatives and must be passed each year in order to fund the Federal government.
Outside the standard processes for authorizing and appropriating legislation, important natural resources legislation can be slipped into a much larger, totally unrelated piece of authorizing legislation by an amendment, or into an appropriation bill by a "rider." Congress can also control the administration's actions by specifically cutting off funding in an appropriation bill for a particular program or agency action.
Congress can preclude the administration from developing or implementing controversial programs or policies — for example, developing rulemakings that will substantially change endangered species law — by specifically precluding the appropriate agency from spending money on the activity.
For more information, see "House appropriators urged to block ESA changes, drilling on public lands" Land Letter, May 3, 2007.
For more detail on every aspect of the legislative process, see "How Laws are Made."
For more information on the appropriations process, see "The Congressional Budget Process" or "The Federal Appropriations Process Quick Guide."
Free, Online Sources for Bills and Public Laws
The best place to search for bills and public laws is Thomas, the official website of the Library of Congress. Bills of the current Congress and several previous years as well as public laws from 1973 (93rd Congress) to the present are currently available. The Thomas site will give you the law as it was originally passed — essentially the final version of the House or Senate bill. It will not include any subsequent amendments to that law. For some of the earlier years, Thomas may only have a summary of the law rather than the full text. For copies of laws that have been amended through the years, see the appropriate section of the RLCH website, or go to a specialty site (like the web site of the agency that implements the law) or to the U.S. Code (see below).
Statutes — The U.S. Code (USC)
USC Titles:
- Title 43, Public Land Law, includes FLPMA from section 1701 to 1785 (43 USC sections 1701 to 1785)
- Title 16, Conservation, includes laws related to the Park Service and the National Forest Management Act.
Once a law is passed, it is printed in the U.S. Code (USC) — the official compilation of federal statutes (laws). In the USC, statutes are organized, indexed and published in "titles." Each title covers a specific subject matter. The purpose of the USC is to present laws in a concise and usable form. So the USC is updated when a law is amended or repealed. The current version of the USC includes only laws that are currently in effect. Unfortunately — and this can be a frustrating problem — the official U.S. Code is not updated annually. For example, the most recent changes to the stewardship contracting legislation do not appear in the online USC. The most recent official version of the USC is from 2000. Some of the online services described here have unofficial updates from as recently as 2002, but many of the newest changes in law are not available through these free, online services. For the most up-to-date version, you have to look at the U.S. Code Annotated (USCA), either at a law library or through an expensive, private on-line service (e.g., WESTLAW or LEXIS).
Free, Online Sources for the U.S. Code:
- Cornell University Legal Information Institute (LII)
- GPO Access
- Findlaw
- U.S. House of Representatives
Several web sites provide free access to the USC. One of the easiest to use is theCornell University Legal Information Institute (LII) site.
You can access specific sections of a law searching by:
- Code title and section (for example 43 USC 1701),
- Popular Name of the law ("Federal Land Policy and Management Act"), and
- Keyword search ("advisory committee").
Judicial Decisions — Case Law
Free, Online Sources for Court Decisions:
While statutes and other materials contain "the law," the courts are charged with interpreting the law. Court cases are a useful way to see how a law has been interpreted, and are important sources of "precedent." Once a court decides that a law is interpreted a certain way, other courts will tend to follow this interpretation. This allows individuals, agencies, and companies to rely on a court decision and to shape their affairs around a stable body of decisions. "Lower" courts (Federal District courts) are required to follow a decision on a particular issue by a "higher" court (U.S. Court of Appeals) in their same circuit (see map of Circuits, below). The U.S. Supreme Court is our highest judicial authority, and each decision made by this body binds all other courts to follow their interpretation of a law. Typically, the U.S. Supreme Court hears and decides cases where there is a difference of opinion between the Courts of Appeal for different circuits.
In recent years, more and more court decisions have made their way into free internet databases. A useful rule of thumb is that the more recent decision, the more likely it will be available for free on the internet. Beyond that, coverage is wildly inconsistent and depends on each particular court, but more on-line cases are available from the higher courts (Supreme Court, Courts of Appeal, State Supreme Courts).
To access Emory Law School's directory of federal courts, click on the map above.
Executive Orders & Presidential Proclamations
Executive orders issued by the President are usually intended to direct
or guide government agencies and officials. There is no law defining the
term. Some orders are binding; others are not. When issued pursuant to a
statutory mandate or congressional delegation, these orders are binding
as law. Otherwise, they serve more as a general guide to the executive
For example, President Bush amended a 1993 Clinton EO to require political appointee oversight at "each stage of the regulatory process."
Since 1936, all orders have been published in the Federal Register, which is the federal government's official daily "newspaper."
The online Federal Register archives contain information on Executive orders dating from 1937. The full text of executive orders is available for the more recent orders.
Presidential proclamations are very similar to executive orders issued by the president, but are generally used for different purposes. Presidential Proclamations, unlike executive orders, are used for ceremonial or broad policy statements. Like executive orders, presidential proclamations can carry the force of law if issued pursuant to statute. Otherwise they can serve either purely symbolic purposes or can serve as a statement of future executive policy.
All presidential proclamations are published in the Federal Register with Executive Orders.
Agency Regulations
Regulations.gov is a U.S. Government web site that makes it easier for public citizens to participate in federal rulemaking. On this site, you can find and review federal documents that are open for comment and published in the Federal Register. The site makes it easy to submit comments electronically.
Because Congress does not have enough resources to regulate everything there is to regulate, it creates executive branch agencies and gives them power to make rules to carry out the purposes of legislation. These rules are called "regulations" and they are enforceable as law. Regulations are created through a public rulemaking process, provided in the Administrative Procedures Act. The rulemaking process requires that the agency give notice of the new rule to the public by publishing proposed and final rulemakings in the Federal Register. After a regulation is finalized, it is published in the Code of Federal Regulations.
Agency Directives
Most agencies have internal handbooks, manuals or other documents (directives, memoranda, bulletins) that contain detailed guidelines for conducting agency business. Some of these are published in the Federal Register, but for many of these documents, the agencies' web sites are the best places to look.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
Agency Directives of Interest
- FSH 1909.12 — Land and Resource Management Planning Handbook
- FSM 1950 — Environmental Policy and Procedures (NEPA implementation)
The Forest Service's manuals and handbooks include the agency's policies, practices and procedures. Both the manuals and handbooks provide national level, regional level and forest specific guidance. New or revised continuing direction is issued by amendment; short-term direction is issued by interim directive; and direction supplementing that issued by an external or higher level is issued by supplement.
- The Forest Service Manual (FSM) contains legal authorities, objectives, policies, responsibilities, instructions, and guidance needed on a continuing basis by Forest Service employees.
- Forest Service Handbooks (FSH) are the principal source of specialized guidance and instruction for carrying out the direction issued in the FSM.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management
The BLM uses a variety of directives to guide its work. Access to these directives and other documents are available through the BLM Electronic Reading Room. An overview of BLM's directives is also available on the agency website.
- Manuals provide detailed information to agency employees on how to implement federal legislation.
- Handbooks elaborate in more detail on the procedures and information provided in manuals.
- Instruction Memoranda provide new policy or procedural instructions.
- Information Bulletins are used to disseminate information of interest to Bureau employees. They do not contain BLM policy, directive, or instructional material.
A few BLM directives of interest include:
- M-1601 — Land Use Planning Manual
- H-1601 — Land Use Planning Handbook
- IM-2007-118 — Oil and gas program enforcement policy
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
Free, Online Sources for the CFR:
The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is a collection of agency regulations that were published as final rules in the Federal Register. When a proposed or final rule is published in the Federal Register, it indicates the title and section of the CFR that the new rule will create or modify. The CFR is organized into fifty titles, and each title covers a specific subject.
CFR Titles of particular interest:
- Title 30: Mineral Resources
- Title 36: Parks, Forest and Public Property
- Title 40: Protection of Environment
- Title 43: Public Lands: Interior
- Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries
Administrative Law Decisions
Free, online Sources for Administrative Decisions:
Many natural resource and public lands disputes must be appealed through an administrative appeals process before being taken to court for judicial review. For more information on appeals processes, see
Department of the Interior
The Interior Board of Land Appeals (IBLA) is part of the Office of Hearings and Appeals, Office of the Secretary of the Department of the Interior (DOI), and is specifically authorized to review decisions of DOI agencies and DOI administrative law judges. In this capacity, the IBLA makes important decisions on resources law and operation of the agencies that govern public lands. Appeals from the Board are heard by the Federal District Court in the state where the dispute arose. Appeals from the U.S. District Court then head to the U.S. Court of Appeals and may eventually be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
Certain decisions by the U.S. Forest Service can be appealed to a higher agency authority for review. Special use permits, mining locations, mineral rights, grazing and livestock permits and other environmental decisions may be appealed. Several statutes, including the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) are used to guide the Forest Service when deciding an appeal. Personnel at a Regional Office review decisions made by a particular national forest. The Chief's Office in Washington, D.C., reviews appeals of decision by the Regional Office. Typically, all administrative processes must be exhausted before a person can bring a court action (litigation) to overturn an agency decision.
Who makes the laws that govern the lands and resources of the West? Well, of course, we, the people of the United States, do through our legislative and executive branches of government. First, we elect our representatives in Congress. These men and women introduce bills to create new laws and to amend existing law. After listening to their constituents, the media and their colleagues in the halls of Congress, they pass bills to protect our lands and interests. When signed by the President, these bills become law to be administered by executive branch agencies. The executive branch agencies write regulations to implement these laws using the notice and comment rulemaking process required by the Administrative Procedures Act. Top managers of these agencies are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate; their duties are to assure that regulations are consistent with applicable law, that one agency's regulations do not conflict with those of another, and that the laws are faithfully administered. When preparing major regulation, the agencies consult with Federal agencies that administer other environmental laws like the Endangered Species Act and listen to the citizenry in the public process of preparing an environmental impact statement under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
Well, almost. Through a few legal loopholes, questionable stretches of the rules, and outright violation of law, our lawmaking process appears to be losing some of its transparency and balance. A few recent examples follow.
Appropriation Bill Riders
Most of our law is created through a democratic process including introduction of a public bill in both the House of Representatives and the Senate, referral to appropriate committees or subcommittees where the bill is given its most intensive consideration, public hearings, markup by the committee, preparation of committee reports, consideration of the bill by the full chamber with opportunity for debate and amendments, and the final vote. While the rules and distribution of authority of the two chambers has traditionally favored hearing and passage of bills supported by the majority political party, one increasingly popular technique for passing substantive legislation seems most contrary to the democratic process — passage of law by a "rider" on an appropriation bill.
For most bills in Congress, there is no requirement that proposed amendments be germane to the subject matter of the bill, resulting in totally unrelated matters being joined in one bill. The exception to this is the case of a general appropriation (funding) bill or where "cloture" has been invoked. Under congressional rules, a "rider", an amendment inserting substantive legislation to an appropriation bill, is generally prohibited. Nevertheless, substantive environmental law is often made, and more often attempted, by attaching new environmental restrictions or, more often, eliminating environmental protections, through amendments to appropriation bills. These riders sometimes give agencies discretion to ignore environmental and natural resource statutes, while denying the public the ability to challenge the actions through administrative and judicial channels. Recent examples of riders include stewardship contracting, the salvage timber rider, and proposals to reauthorize the Secure Rural Schools and PILOT programs and to delay potential oil and gas leasing of the Roan Plateau in Colorado.
Most egregious flaunting of the democratic process are amendments to emergency appropriation bills — for example, the emergency appropriation bill following the 1995 Oklahoma City federal building bombing (which included the salvage timber rider) and the Iraq war emergency appropriation bill (including the PILT and Secure Rural Schools rider) which are more likely to be passed without concern for the presence of riders and usually not as likely to be vetoed by the President. Obviously, riders can foster legislation from both sides of the aisle, from both sides of the community, from both sides of the environment. It isn't necessarily the content that is the problem, it is the underhanded process.
For more on riders, see "The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction."
For several examples of anti-environmental riders, see "Environment and the 106th Congress" on the NRDC website.
Notice and Comment, Consultation and Compliance
Various environmental and natural resources laws explicitly or implicitly give federal agencies the authority to write regulations to implement the laws. Agencies promulgate these regulations or "rules" through a notice and comment process outlined in the Administrative Procedures Act. These rules are designed to give the public an opportunity to help shape the rules that will ultimately govern their actions and protect their environment. In addition, agencies are required by NEPAconsult
Agencies do not, however, always follow the rules. Following long court battles, Federal courts finally stopped controversial Bush administration attempts to forgo EISs and Section 7 consultations in development of their State Petitioning Roadless Rule and Forest Service planning rules.
For more information on court actions involving the Roadless Rule, see "Judge reinstates Clinton-era roadless rule." The Forest Service has begun approving state-specific roadless rules, e.g. final rule issued in October of 2008 for Idaho.
Recess Appointments
Under Article 2 of the U.S. Constitution, the President has power to appoint executive branch administrators with the advice and consent of the Senate. This constitutional provision allows the President to appoint agencies' top managers to assure faithful administration of the law while implementing his domestic agenda. At the same time, our legislative representatives in the Senate oversee the quality of major administrative appointments. At a time when Congress had relatively short sessions and long recesses, the same section of the Constitution gave the President power to make appointments during a recess. These appointments expire at the end of the next session of Congress.
Office of Regulatory and Information Affairs (OIRA)
OIRA is the top regulatory post of the Office of Management and Budget. Congress established the OIRA in the 1980 paperwork Reduction Act, but its purpose, tasks and process were fleshed out by Clinton in Executive Order 12866. The ORIA coordinates review of agency rulemaking to ensure that regulations are:
- consistent with applicable law and the President's priorities, and that
- decisions made by one agency do not conflict with the policies or actions taken or planned by another agency.
In early 2007, President Bush amended the Clinton executive order requiring that each agency install a presidential appointee as its "regulatory policy officer," reporting to the agency head and involved "at each stage of the regulatory process." Under the executive order, agencies need approval of these political appointees before developing rules.
Throughout the nation's history, Presidents have used this power for political purposes, waiting to make appointments during a recess if the candidate is controversial and not likely to be confirmed by the Senate. President Bush, for example, appointed Susan Dudley in early 2007 to the Office of Regulatory and Information Affairs (OIRA)(see sidebox), with an intrasession recess appointment (an appointment made during a recess within a session). The Senate had refused to vote on her nomination in the previous session of Congress. Environmental groups and others oppose the appointment arguing that Dudley has an anti-regulatory bias.
For more information on recess appointments, see "Recess Appointments, Frequently Asked Questions"
For more information on the Dudley appointment, see "Bush bypasses Senate for controversial recess appointment."


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"Do you find airplane seats to be high-tech torture chambers? At cocktail parties, do you stand with your legs spread into a wide V so as not to tower over others? When you were a kid, did everyone expect you to be good at basketball? If the answer to these questions is yes, run out and get this book."
-Dan Akst, in his review in The Boston Globe, June 28, 2009
"This is a funny and lively book that belongs--quite literally--on the top shelf of American literature. One of us 'talls' will be happy to get it down for you."
-Steve Rushin, 6'5", Sports Illustrated columnist and author of Road Swing
"Given her smarts inquisitiveness and warm wit, I'd follow Ms. Cohen up any learning curve. With the Tall Book, her assignment is personal, and richer for it. The result is a real resource for giants of all ages (and those who love them). Not since Randy Newman's 'Short People' have those of us of a certain stature had a better rallying cry."
-Brad Wieners, 6'7", editor, Men's Journal
"As a twelve-year-old told to act my age and not my shoe size, I could honestly say, 'They're the same.' Arianne Cohen has written a book for everyone, like me, who grew up (and up) to be proud of their height."
-Rebecca Lobo, 6'4", Olympic gold medal basketball player and ESPN commentator
"A volume with enough smarts, laughs and heart to win over even our diminuitive reviews editor (who, long ago, founded an unsuccesful anti-tall hate-group). Six-foot-three Cohen covers many taken-for-granted challenges facing talls, including public toilets, exercise bikes, doorways, couches and airplanes. Cohen has been frustrated, ever since she was a 5'3 eight-year-old that no one has written a book about tall people (The Dewey Decimal index didn't even assign a classification number to tall people. Surely the world kidded). She fixes that problem handily with a guide both practical and proud, and with enough self-deprecating humor to charm readers of any height; an ideal gift for talls, their loved ones, and (perhaps) their jealous detractors."
-Publishers Weekly, May 25, 2009
"If you're a man taller than 6'3" or a woman over 5'9", meet your new bible."
-David Lidsky, Fast Company Magazine, June 2009
"The Tall Book towered over my expectations, and should be within arms reach of anyone
of any age or height whos ever wondered about the long and short of it all. Cohens intelligent writing is engaging and hilarious as she tackles the tall order of honestly addressing all the boosts and shortcomings (ha!) that come with every extra inch--from why talls make more money to how complicated it is to find anything that fits, from pants to plane seats to life partners. BUY IT!"
Nancy Redd, 5'5", New York Times bestselling author of Body Drama
1. Do you know someone who's tall? They'll like this book. Promise.
2. Tall-related things happen to tall people constantly--and The Tall Book explains what the hell is going on.
3. Tall is gorgeous. Tall girls need to be reminded of this constantly.
4. It's a "tall" book--the hardcover is extra tall. Cool.
5. It's the must-own reference for tall folks everywhere. Sorta like the dictionary, but more fun. And it involves a tall revolution. Power to the talls!

subset: commoncrawl


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German Court Agrees to Drop Criminal Case Against F1's Bernie Ecclestone
Formula One Magnate Must Pay $100 Million Fine as Part of Settlement
A German court agreed on Tuesday to drop a criminal case against Formula One magnate Bernie Ecclestone for alleged bribery in return for a payment of $100 million, the highest amount ever paid in such circumstances in Germany.
The settlement, which immediately sparked criticism that Mr. Ecclestone was paying his way out of justice, averts a potential jail sentence of up to 10 years had he been convicted. Mr. Ecclestone has denied any wrongdoing....


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- Based on GM Large SUV segment and EPA-estimated MPG highway 23 2WD, 22 4WD.
- Requires 2WD and available Max Trailering Package. Before you buy a vehicle or use it for trailering, carefully review the Trailering section of the Owner's Manual. The weight of passengers, cargo and options or accessories may reduce the amount you can tow.
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Frequent Links
Bullseye (comics)
Promotional art by Mike Deodato
|Publication information
|Marvel Comics
|First appearance
|Daredevil #131 (March 1976)
|Created by
Marv Wolfman
John Romita, Sr.
|In-story information
|Alter ego
|Team affiliations
Dark Avengers
|Notable aliases
|Benjamin Poindexter, Leonard, Daredevil, Hawkeye
Expert marksman with perfect accuracy, martial artist and hand-to-hand combatant
Exceptional physical condition
Spinal column and various other bones laced with adamantium
Bullseye is a fictional supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe. A psychopathic assassin, Bullseye uses the opportunities afforded by his line of work to exercise his homicidal tendencies and to work out his own personal vendetta against Daredevil.
Although he possesses no superpowers, Bullseye is able to use almost any object as a lethal projectile, be it weapons like shuriken and sai or seemingly harmless objects like playing cards and pencils. His markmanship is uncanny, at a nearly preternatural level, but he has been known to miss moving targets.
In the Daredevil live-action film, he is portrayed by actor Colin Farrell.
IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time ranked Bullseye as #20.[1]
- 1 Publication history
- 2 Fictional character biography
- 3 Powers and abilities
- 4 Other versions
- 5 In other media
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Publication history
Although created by Marv Wolfman and John Romita, Sr., the character's first appearance in Daredevil #131 (March 1976) features art by Bob Brown,[2] and Klaus Janson.
Bullseye's real name and origins are unknown. He has used the name "Benjamin Poindexter" on several occasions, but there are also instances where his name is given as "Lester." The miniseries Bullseye: Greatest Hits (2004) developed the character's back-story, but also revealed that some or all of it has been fabricated, probably by Bullseye himself. In this series, Bullseye's name was Leonard.
Following Civil War, Warren Ellis took over writing Thunderbolts and Bullseye became one of the core members of the new team line-up.[3]
In the Secret Invasion aftermath storyline Dark Reign, Bullseye becomes a member of the Dark Avengers, under the alias Hawkeye[4] and features in a five-issue limited series Dark Reign: Hawkeye, written by Andy Diggle, with art by Tom Raney.[5] As a member of the Dark Avengers, he has a major role in the crossover Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Utopia, written by Matt Fraction.[6] He appeared as a regular character in the Dark Avengers series from issue #1 (March 2009) through issue #16 (June 2010).
Bullseye is killed by Daredevil in Shadowland #1, but is later confirmed alive in issue #26 of the third Daredevil comic book series.
Fictional character biography
Early life and back-story
Bullseye grew up in The Bronx, where he lived with his brother and his abusive father. His brother's main form of recreation was playing with rifles, leading Bullseye to become an expert shot. When he was 10 years old, his brother started a fire in their home in an unsuccessful attempt to kill their father. Shortly thereafter, Bullseye was placed in a foster home, and became a baseball player in high school. Bullseye was an extremely talented pitcher, and was offered a scholarship, but instead opted to enter the minor leagues. After three games, he was called up to play a sold-out Major League game. He had surrendered no hits the entire game, and in the bottom of the ninth with two outs, he became bored and requested the coach pull him from the game. The coach refused, and insisted that he finish the game. The opposing team's batter mocked him, accusing him of cowardice. Bullseye threw the ball at his head, killing him. As the ball struck, he said only one word: "Bullseye". He was barred from professional baseball and convicted of manslaughter.
This is a retcon of a previous origin story from Elektra #2, which depicts Bullseye growing up as a below average student in a trailer park with an alcoholic, physically abusive father. In this version of events, Bullseye fakes his father's suicide using a handgun set off by a toy arrow. None or all elements of this version may be true since it describes his father as possibly recovering from a recent divorce, fitting in perfectly with Daredevil's taunts in their confrontation during the "Hardcore" storyline.
His cold demeanor and unique skills, however, meant subsequent recruitment by the National Security Agency as an assassin was inevitable, and he was soon assigned to train Contras in Nicaragua. By the time he arrived, however, he claimed to have already been planning to leave the NSA. He had planned on robbing the Contras blind and fleeing, but soon discovered they were desperately poor. Bullseye made the best of the situation: within seven hours of being informed of their poverty, he had led the Contras in seizing a landing strip that the Colombian cocaine smugglers were using as a staging area before moving on to the United States. Without use of the airfield, the smugglers were unable to send new shipments. Bullseye set up Paolo, his hapless Nicaraguan translator, as the leader of the new force controlling the airfield, and let the word spread around. However, Paolo was nothing but a patsy. Bullseye planned to invite several organized crime heads to the airfield to broker a new deal with him as Paolo's supposed "right hand man." He would take their money and disappear, presumably leaving Paolo to suffer the wrath of the Mafia, Russian Mafia, Yakuza, and various other criminal elements. This outcome is unknown, as before the deal could be finalized, the Punisher (Frank Castle) arrived.
Castle killed all the organized crime leaders in a fiery explosion from which Bullseye barely escaped. The two engaged in a fierce battle in which Bullseye was able to wound the Punisher and evade or disable several of his weapons. Bullseye then used some blood-reddened mud to paint a bull's-eye on his forehead, mocking Castle's inability to hit him. The fight concluded when Drug Enforcement Administration agents arrived, and the Punisher fled. Bullseye turned himself in to the D.E.A. agents and soon was assigned to infiltrate the Kingpin's criminal empire. He obtained a costume, fled yet again, and became one of the most dangerous hitmen in the world.
All of the above information is given by Bullseye during a subsequent interrogation by US intelligence. Just prior to escaping from custody, Bullseye confesses he made up some or all of his story to amuse himself; for example, he claims that he was really the one who started the fire which burned down his childhood home. The whole capture was a plan by the assassin to gain access to the prison where his father is being held. Bullseye finally gets revenge on his father, leaving him to burn as the prison's security systems torch everything inside.
Costumed criminal career
Bullseye battles (and defeats) Daredevil at a circus in order to establish his reputation as an extortionist.[7] Shortly after, Daredevil by chance overhears him in the midst of an extortion attempt and captures him.[8] Bullseye is later hired by Maxwell Glenn to kill Matt Murdock and Foggy Nelson, and Daredevil interferes. Although Bullseye defeats him again, Daredevil escapes with his life,[9] and Bullseye's professional reputation is damaged as a result. Seeking to regain his credibility, he challenges Daredevil on live television, but is soundly defeated.[10]
Smarting from this even harsher blow to his reputation, Bullseye hires Eric Slaughter's gang and kidnaps the Black Widow (Natasha Romanoff) to bait Daredevil into a revenge bout.[11] Daredevil defeats him again, and the despair of this repeated humiliation drives him to a mental breakdown.[12] It is later revealed that this breakdown was in part caused by a brain tumor, which begins causing migraines, paranoia, and hallucinations that everyone he meets is Daredevil.[13] He escapes from prison, but is recaptured by Daredevil, and the tumor is successfully removed.[13] The symptoms of the tumor quickly disappear, and defense lawyers are able to have him freed on the argument that his criminal behavior was caused solely by the brain tumor. He is hired to assassinate Kingpin, but meets with repeated failure.[14] Inexplicably, this convinces the Kingpin to employ him as his chief assassin, but he fires him the same day when he witnesses his humiliating defeat at Daredevil's hands.[15] Bullseye's repeated failed attempts to regain this briefly-held position became a running joke of the Daredevil series.
While in prison, he learns that Kingpin has employed a new chief assassin: Elektra, Daredevil's former lover. After escaping prison, Bullseye attacks Elektra and impales her on her own sai. This fails to convince Kingpin, who says he will only rehire him if he kills Daredevil.[16] Bullseye attempts to ambush Daredevil, but their battle ends with his arch-foe dropping him from atop a telephone wire. The multi-story fall breaks Bullseye's back, paralyzing him.[16]
During Bullseye's extended hospital stay following the fall, Daredevil breaks into his hospital room and forces him to participate in a two-man variation on Russian roulette. The revolver used in the game is secretly unloaded, but Daredevil has Bulleye take the even-numbered turns so that he would feel sure that the last shot is going to kill him.[17] Bullseye has repeatedly cited this incident as his greatest grudge against Daredevil.[18][19]
Japanese scientist Lord Dark Wind liberates Bullseye and has him brought to Japan, where he laces his bones with adamantium, thus restoring his mobility. Lord Dark Wind did this so that Bullseye would work as an assassin for him in return, but despite the favor done him, Bullseye refuses to work for free.[20] He instead makes another play to regain the position of chief assassin for the Kingpin, who again says he will give him the position if he kills Daredevil, knowing he would fail.[18] Bullseye is imprisoned for several years.
Bullseye eventually escapes prison,[21] and then battles Captain America.[22] He battles Crossbones in an attempt to assassinate the Red Skull to regain his position with the Kingpin.[23]
Bullseye then encounters an amnesiac Daredevil.[24] He takes advantage of Daredevil's amnesia by impersonating him and committing robberies in an attempt to destroy his image.[25] In one of his early heists he is caught by his mark's disillusioned trophy wife. He becomes enamored of her, and when she pleads with him to take her away with him, he keeps her in his derelict hideout as his lover, attempting to flatter her by showering her with stolen money and jewelry. However, she comes to realize that he is mentally weak, and frightened by one of his psychotic outbursts, she leaves him.[26] Gradually Bullseye becomes so immersed in his Daredevil impersonation that he believes himself to truly be Daredevil, a confusion which the real hero takes advantage of in order to defeat him.[27]
Bullseye later has another run-in with the Punisher when he is part of Frank's frame-up scheme that ends with Bullseye getting both of his hands shot and losing a finger to the Punisher's brutality. Bullseye encounters Deadpool[28] and Gambit[29] during another long interval in which the character was seldom used.
Bullseye is hired by the villain Mysterio to attack and confuse Daredevil. In the course of their battle, Bullseye kills Daredevil's longtime love interest, Karen Page, with one of Daredevil's own billy clubs.[30]
Bullseye is recruited to steal the Identity Disc, purported to be in possession of AIM and have vital information on the world's superheroes, along with Deadpool, Sabretooth, the Vulture, and Juggernaut.[31]
Bullseye offers to kill Daredevil for Kingpin, later entering Daredevil's apartment and attempting to kill his old enemy's new girlfriend Milla Donovan. Enraged and already near the breaking point, Daredevil attacks Bullseye and throws him out the window. During the fight, the hero reveals to Bullseye that he knows that his real name is Lester, his mother was a prostitute, and that he never knew his father.[32] He mocks the assassin's new 'Bullseye' tattoo and carves a new one over it with a rock.[33]
Bullseye seeks purported documents confirming Daredevil's secret identity. After a brutal fight with Daredevil and Elektra, Bullseye flees into open traffic where he is hit by a truck, sustaining severe injuries.[34]
Bullseye, along with many other villains, is recruited into the New Thunderbolts by Iron Man and Mister Fantastic to hunt down anti-registration superheroes in the Marvel Civil War storyline.[35] Afterwards he is recruited by Norman Osborn into the reformed team led by Moonstone. He operates invisibly and is not seen by the public. He is used as a last resort and has a nano-chain fed into his system, so if he disobeys orders, he will receive an electrical shock.[19]
Bullseye fights American Eagle after having been deceived by Songbird and told that she has disabled his nano-chain. During the fight, he simultaneously receives an electrical shock from the nano-chain in his system on order of Moonstone and is attacked by American Eagle. American Eagle beats him severely, mocking him throughout for purposely avoiding fights with superpowered foes, and finally breaks Bullseye's neck. As a result of the damage sustained from both being attacked by a man with superhuman strength and being shocked by the nano-chain, Bullseye is paralyzed, is unable to speak, and has incurred severe brain injury.[36] Bullseye is later shown walking due to nanomechanical surgery, then goes on a killing spree using scalpels to "get some target practice in."[37] Later, he joins the Thunderbolts in their efforts to assassinate Moon Knight.[38]
Bullseye was with the Thunderbolts when they fought the Skrulls in Washington DC.[39] He took advantage of a recently apparently resurrected Andrea von Strucker being distracted by Moonstone to kill Andrea, and nearly kill Moonstone.[40]
Bullseye travels along with the other Thunderbolts to Central Park and joins the final battle against the main Skrull force. Obtaining a missile launcher from the Zeus, he fires a rocket through the right eye of the Yellowjacket Skrull, disabling him from engaging other heroes.[41]
Osborn orders Bullseye to kill Songbird, finally giving Bullseye the chance for revenge on her.[42] Bullseye nearly succeeds, but is incapacitated by the Swordsman, who helps her escape.[43]
Dark Avengers
As a reward from Norman Osborn for his role during the Skrull invasion, Bullseye is placed on the Dark Avengers and given the costume and codename of Hawkeye.[44]
Norman Osborn hires Bullseye to eliminate Deadpool, from whom Norman stole data about "how to kill a Skrull queen," but Bullseye is unsuccessful.[45]
On the Dark Avengers' first mission, he kills Morgana le Fey (who had just died by the hands of Sentry and returned) only for her to return yet again with an army of demons.[46]
The Dark Avengers fight a rogue Hulkbuster robot, and "Hawkeye" disables the robot after killing its pilot. The robot falls, killing thirty-six civilians. When Osborn reprimands Bullseye for his part in the deaths, Bullseye demands credit for his kills. "Hawkeye" then goes out and saves a woman from being attacked by three men. He kills them, and the woman inadvertently infuriates him by referring to Osborn as "his boss". After he kills her, he notices a news crew in a helicopter filming the action.[47] He silences the news crew by blowing the helicopter up.[48]
Bullseye is used to take out his old partner Deadpool. Deadpool eventually gains the upperhand and stabs him through the chest with a meathook. He later wakes up in a hospital and goes after Deadpool again. Deadpool easily avoids Bullseye's attacks, then runs Bullseye down, stopping with one of the vehicle's tires on Bullseye's leg. Bullseye pays off Deadpool (under the pretense that Osborn told him to do so) to save himself.[49]
Elektra stabs Bullseye with his own arrow.[50]
Bullseye is later given the order by Osborn to eliminate Daredevil, who has been discovered leading the Hand.[51] Daredevil, who is going through the trials needed to join the Hand, and Bullseye clash. Bullseye booby-traps a building with one hundred people in it. Daredevil continues to battle Bullseye unaware that the building is rigged and that Bullseye has the detonator. When the building explodes, Bullseye escapes and leaves Daredevil to his grief, mocking that if Daredevil had chosen to kill him the people in the building might have been saved.[52]
Molecule Man turns Bullseye into a pool of water to subdue him; however as a liquid he still tries to attack Molecule Man.[53] He is restored by the Sentry.[54]
He is also part of the team when they go to Manhattan to look for Noh-Varr. Sentry finds him first but is distracted and leaves the battle later to find Noh-Varr gone.[55]
Norman Osborn later assigns Bullseye with the duty to kill Sentry's wife Lindy.[56] He takes her for a helicopter ride, and strangles her and dumps her body in the ocean. When the Sentry questions him about Lindy's whereabouts, Bullseye claims she committed suicide over the countryside by jumping out of the copter, and the Sentry flies off to find her.[57]
In the aftermath of Siege, Bullseye is incarcerated and sent to the Raft. However, in the process of being transferring there, he manages to kill his captors and escapes. He makes his way back to Hell's Kitchen and arrives at Shadowland, Daredevil's fortress, and is confronted by Daredevil and a legion of Hand ninjas. Bullseye is unprepared for his enemy's newfound ruthlessness as Daredevil dislocates both his shoulders and then stabs him through the heart with his own sai, in much the same way Bullseye had killed Elektra years before.[58] Later, a group of Hells Bikers put together a funeral service (unauthorized, as J. Jonah Jameson had expressly forbade it) for Bullseye. Ben Urich is dragged along, as well as Danny Deaver. Deaver, however continually sees visions of Bullseye, and it is not clear whether or not it is Bullseye's spirit or simply part of Deaver's psychosis. The funeral service is interrupted by Daredevil and the Hand and a massive brawl breaks out, almost killing Urich.[59] Daredevil later exhumes Bullseye's corpse, intending to resurrect him as a soldier loyal to the Hand.[60] The heroes interrupt the ceremony, preventing Bullseye's resurrection.[61]
It was later revealed that Bullseye was still barely alive as his body disappeared after the battle, but due to his injuries he has become an invalid who has to rely on a metal lung in order to survive. To get revenge he is revealed to be the mastermind behind Klaw, Coyote, and Ikari's actions against Daredevil.[62] He is later found by the hero, who defeated Ikari and Lady Bullseye. The warehouse where they were is subsequently destroyed, and Bullseye is nearly drowned in radioactive waste, leaving him scarred and blind.[63]
During the Secret Wars storyline, Bullseye is among the villains attending Kingpin's viewing party of the incursion between Earth-616 and Earth-1610.[64]
Powers and abilities
Bullseye has an innate ability to throw virtually any object as a projectile with incredible accuracy and with enough force to be lethal. Some of his accomplishments include lacerating a person's throat with a thrown playing card, spitting his own tooth through a human skull, tossing a paper airplane to a distant rooftop, and killing a person with a toothpick thrown through a window from a hundred yards away.[65]
Aside from his ability to throw projectiles with lethal accuracy, Bullseye is also an expert martial artist and is extremely talented in the use of edged/throwing weapons and conventional firearms.
Bullseye has exceptional physical conditioning, with the agility, reflexes, stamina, and speed of a professional athlete.
Due to injuries from a multi-story fall, many of Bullseye's bones have been reinforced with strips of adamantium.[66] This has increased his resistance to injury in unarmed combat. This reinforcement also allows Bullseye to utilize acrobatic maneuvers impossible for an ordinary human, as his bones are protected from fracture. While Wolverine's adamantium was implanted using only stolen, incomplete notes on the bonding process as a guideline,[67] and thus only his mutant healing factor allowed him to survive the process, Bullseye's surgery was performed properly by Lord Dark Wind himself, and thus included the special herb treatment which prevents the body from being destroyed by the implantation.[66]
Bullseye has a compulsive need to study his targets' histories, abilities, and relationships before engaging them. He employs this information to attempt to anticipate his opponents' movements in combat. This compulsion often crosses from the professional into the personal, such as Bullseye's obsession with Elektra.
Due to a mutual head injury, Bullseye was able to sense Daredevil's presence psychically for a brief time.[68]
Other versions
Age of Apocalypse
In the 1994 arc of a different timeline, Bullseye is seen as one of the humans' greatest soldiers. Using a machine gun and hitting every enemy target, he fights on the side of "good." He does not wear his original costume, and does not act insane.[69]
Mutant X
A version of Bullseye appears in the Mutant X continuity, also a notorious supervillain. Bullseye shows up at the courthouse to assassinate The Brute when The Brute is on trial for murder charges. He is beaten by Elektra.[70]
A version of Bullseye appears in Jason Aaron's run on PunisherMax starting with issue #6. This version of Bullseye is hired by Kingpin to kill The Punisher. He does not wear a costume but has a bullseye tattooed on his forehead. Although his abilities are more realistic than in the mainstream Marvel continuity, he is still a very talented marksman and a deadly fighter, proficient with a variety of weapons.[71] His real name is Sheldon Pendergrass.[72]
This version of Bullseye is psychopathic/sociopathic and extreme obsessive compulsive toward his targets. He is said to have gassed an entire elementary school when some children were witness to a mob hit and then killed the rest of the town with bombs at the mass funeral. Obsessing with getting inside the Punisher's head, Bullseye kills the father of a suburban family and takes the wife and children hostage, putting himself in the role of their new husband and father. He then arranges for gunmen to kill the family in front of him to recreate The Punisher's origin. He fails to feel why The Punisher was upset by this occurrence.[73] Off-panel Bullseye repeats the same experiment with three more families.[74]
Eventually Bullseye realizes what the last thing The Punisher said to his wife was. This realization sends the Punisher into shock and sends a near-death Bullseye into a smiling coma.[75] Later Punisher finds Bullseye's coma bed and shoots him in the head.[75]
Marvel 1602
In the Marvel 1602 universe (Earth-311), Bull's Eye appears as an assassin/first mate for the villainous Captain Wilson Fiske (The King's Pin). He is heavily tattooed around the face and arms, and possesses the mainstream Bullseye's abilities.[76] He is sent by his captain with orders to kill Peter Parquagh aka the 1602 version of Spider-Man. He is attacked by the 1602 version of the Lizard and presumably perishes.[77]
House of M
The Bullseye who appears in the House of M reality is in the employ of Wilson Fisk, alongside several other assassins. He is tasked with killing Black Cat when the Kingpin decides to reveal the Black Cat as a traitor. He also assists the Brotherhood in taking out sapien groups throughout the city, specifically targeting Shang-Chi's Dragons, killing Swordsman in the conflict. In the confrontation with the Avengers, Hawkeye shoots him in his hands.[78]
Marvel Zombies
In Marvel Zombies, a zombified Bullseye appears alongside several other undead supervillains attacking and attempting to eat the invading Galactus. After the zombies eat Galactus, he is obliterated by the zombified Daredevil.[79]
Ultimate Marvel
The Ultimate Marvel version of Bullseye appears in Ultimate Elektra as an assassin. This version is Benjamin Poindexter and works for the Kingpin and is his prime assassin until Elektra beats him in direct hand-to-hand combat. He employs disguises on his hits and at one point dons a variation of his regular Marvel Universe incarnation's costume, sans mask. He has a bulls-eye tattoo on his forehead, similar to the tattoo and later scarring of the mainstream Marvel version and the brand of the movie version. He also has a bulls-eye tattoo on his chest over his heart.[80]
Amalgam Comics
In the Amalgam Comics community, Bullseye is combined with DC's Deadshot to create Deadeye.[81]
Daredevil Noir
In Daredevil Noir, Bullseye is a woman named Eliza. She is Daredevil's love interest until her identity as the Bullseye Killer is revealed in issue #3. Daredevil battles her and the two fall into the sea, but he still loves her and is unable to kill her. Eliza is left on the docks unconscious and taken into police custody.[82]
In other media
- Bullseye appears in the Avengers Assemble episode "Planet Doom", voiced by Troy Baker. This version is Bullseye Barton, an alternate timeline counterpart that resembles Hawkeye's Ultimate incarnation. A former S.H.I.E.L.D. agent, Bullseye formed the Defenders with Snap and Slinger as members while the Black Bride acts as a mole to destroy Doctor Doom's tyranny.
- Daredevil showrunner and Executive producer Steven S. DeKnight tweeted that Bullseye won't make an appearance in the first season.[83]
- Actor Colin Farrell portrayed Bullseye in the 2003 Daredevil film adaptation. This version has an Irish background, and his traditional costume was dropped in favor of a biker/metalhead style appearance: a reptile-skin duster (trench coat), leather pants, black tank top, dark goatee, tattoos, multiple earrings, and a shaved head with a bull's-eye branding on his forehead, although he does jokingly request a costume from Kingpin. Prior to the film's release, the comic book version adopted a near-identical appearance but has since reverted to the traditional look, retaining only the scar. Director Mark Steven Johnson credited Joe Quesada for talking him out of using the traditional costume.[84] In the movie, Bullseye uses shurikens carried in his belt buckle as his main weapon, although he uses many small objects, including peanuts, paperclips, playing cards, shards of broken glass, and a pencil as back-up. He is hired by the Kingpin to kill Nikolas Natchios. Bullseye kills him with Daredevil's billy club, causing Elektra to believe Daredevil is her father's killer. Bullseye begins to perceive Daredevil a personal challenge, because he is the only target he has ever missed. Later, Elektra attacks Daredevil, seeking revenge, but soon realizes Bullseye killed her father. Elektra and Bullseye battle, and he kills her with one of her sai (the Director's Cut shows Bullseye dealing more injuries to her and gives her a kiss by biting down on her lower lip while impaling her). Daredevil chases Bullseye to a church, and they battle until Daredevil maneuvers Bullseye's hands to be shot by a S.W.A.T. sniper, leaving him with wounds resembling stigmata. Daredevil grabs him and throws him out of a window, crashing onto the hood of Ben Urich's car. A final scene shows him hospitalized but still able to flick a hypodermic needle with enough force and accuracy to impale a fly. Colin Farrell was attached to the role in December 2001.[85] Farrell, adopting an American accent for most of his previous films, was encouraged to keep his Irish accent.[86] Farrell had to read Frank Miller's Daredevil comics to understand Bullseye "because the expression on the character's faces in the comic books, and just the way they move sometimes, and the exaggerations of the character I'm playing […] he's so over-the-top that you do draw from that. But it's not exactly a character you can do method acting for... you know, running around New York killing people with paper clips."[87]
Video games
- Bullseye appears as a boss in the Daredevil game for the Game Boy Advance. In this game, he waits for Daredevil at a construction site. Daredevil reveals to Bullseye that the bounty on Daredevil's head was a fraud. Bullseye believes him, but he reveals to Daredevil that he was in league with the Kingpin. At the top of the construction site, Daredevil defeats Bullseye. Unlike his movie and comics counterpart, Bullseye uses a handgun as his weapon.
- Bullseye is a prominent villain in The Punisher video game for PC, PS2, and Xbox, voiced by Steven Blum. He appears during the Fisk Industries level. Bullseye is beaten by the Punisher and is thrown from high atop the Kingpin's building. He later appears in the post-credits that play when the game is completed. He is in bandages and almost crippled as Kingpin plans his revenge on Punisher.
- Bullseye appeared as a boss of sorts in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, voiced by Peter Lurie. He is a member of Doctor Doom's Masters of Evil and he attempts to launch a nuclear missile from the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier in the first level. He is a comic book mission villain for both Daredevil and Elektra. He also has special dialogue with them.
- Bullseye appears as a sub-boss in the final level of The Amazing Spider-Man vs. The Kingpin.
- Bullseye appears in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2, voiced by Brian Bloom. He is among the supervillains that end up under the control of the Control Nanites used by S.H.I.E.L.D. In the Anti-Registration campaign, the players assist Colossus in fighting Bullseye at Geffen-Meyer Chemicals. Bullseye (alongside Green Goblin, Lady Deathstrike and Venom) attacks S.H.I.E.L.D. agents when something goes wrong with the Control Nanites in them. At Prison 42, he assists Moonstone in fighting the heroes when they come to rescue Firestar from being added to the Fold's ranks.
- Bullseye appears as a villain character in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online, voiced by Christopher Daniel Barnes.
- Bullseye is featured as a boss in the Facebook game Marvel: Avengers Alliance. Bullseye's Hawkeye appearance appears in Spec-Ops #12 when Dell Rusk forms the Dark Avengers.
- Bullseye appears in Lego Marvel Super Heroes,[88] voiced by Dave Boat.[89] In a bonus mission at Fisk Tower, Kingpin summons Bullseye and Elektra to assist his henchmen into fighting Captain America, Daredevil, and Spider-Man. He and Elektra are defeated by the heroes.
- The Marvel Legends toy line created 2 Bullseye action figures. The normal figure is scowling, while the variant has a sinister grin. The variant also features gray symbols instead of white. He is also featured in the new Marvel Universe toy line.
- ^ "Bullseye is Number 20". Comics.ign.com. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
- ^ Wolfman, in an undated "Comics Channel" interview in Underground Online, recalled: "Bob Brown is the artist that drew the book, but he didn't co-create him. I had come up with the character, designed a rough version of the costume and then sat down with John Romita Sr. to do the final version.
- ^ Better Know a Thunderbolt: Bullseye, Newsarama, November 28, 2006
- ^ THE OSBORN SUPREMACY: Dark Avengers, Comic Book Resources, January 22, 2008
- ^ What's in a Name? Andy Diggle on Dark Reign: Hawkeye, Newsarama, March 2, 2009
- ^ IRON PATRIOTISM: Bullseye, Comic Book Resources, May 15, 2009
- ^ Daredevil #131-132
- ^ Daredevil #132
- ^ Daredevil #141-142
- ^ Daredevil #146
- ^ Daredevil #159-160
- ^ Daredevil #161
- ^ a b Daredevil #169
- ^ Daredevil #170-172
- ^ Daredevil #172
- ^ a b Daredevil #181
- ^ Daredevil #191
- ^ a b Daredevil #200
- ^ a b Thunderbolts #110
- ^ Daredevil #196-199
- ^ Captain America #372
- ^ Captain America #373-374
- ^ Captain America #377
- ^ Daredevil #284
- ^ Daredevil #285-289
- ^ Daredevil #285-287
- ^ Daredevil #290
- ^ Deadpool (3rd Series) #16
- ^ Gambit (3rd Series) #17
- ^ Daredevil Vol.2 #5
- ^ Identity Disc # 1-5, Aug-Dec 2004
- ^ Daredevil/Bullseye: The Target #1
- ^ Daredevil Vol. 2 #49
- ^ Daredevil vol. 2, #76-81 2005-2006
- ^ Civil War #4
- ^ Thunderbolts #115
- ^ Thunderbolts #121
- ^ Moon Knight (vol. 4) #25
- ^ Thunderbolts #123
- ^ Thunderbolts #124
- ^ Thunderbolts #125
- ^ Thunderbolts #126
- ^ Thunderbolts #127
- ^ Dark Avengers #1
- ^ Deadpool #3
- ^ Dark Avengers #3
- ^ Dark Reign: Hawkeye #1
- ^ Dark Reign: Hawkeye #2
- ^ Deadpool #12
- ^ Dark Reign: Elektra #4 (June 2009)
- ^ Dark Reign: The List - Daredevil
- ^ Dark Reign: The List-Bullseye #1, 2010
- ^ Dark Avengers #10
- ^ Dark Avengers #11
- ^ Dark Avengers Annual #1
- ^ Dark Avengers #14
- ^ Dark Avengers #15
- ^ Shadowland #1
- ^ Shadowland: Bullseye #1
- ^ Shadowland #3
- ^ Shadowland #4
- ^ Daredevil (vol. 3) #26
- ^ Daredevil (vol. 3) #27
- ^ Secret Wars #1
- ^ Daredevil: The Target #1
- ^ a b Daredevil Vol. 1 #197
- ^ Alpha Flight #34
- ^ Daredevil Vol. 1 #197-199
- ^ X-Universe #2
- ^ Mutant X #6
- ^ "Jason Aaron Takes Punisher to the MAX". Comic Book Resources. 2009-07-17. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
- ^ PunisherMax #10
- ^ Punisher: Max #8
- ^ Punisher: Max #9
- ^ a b PunisherMax #18
- ^ Spider-Man 1602 #2
- ^ Spider-Man 1602 #5
- ^ House of M: Avengers #3
- ^ Marvel Zombies #4
- ^ Ultimate Elektra #2-5
- ^ Deadeye at the Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe
- ^ Daredevil Noir #4
- ^ [1]
- ^ Rob Worley (August 7, 2002). "Daredevil". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
- ^ Tim Swanson (December 5, 2001). "Farrell targets Daredevil". Variety. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
- ^ Ryan J. Downey (February 6, 2003). "Ben Affleck Dares to Dream Daredevil". MTV. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
- ^ "Colin Farrell Interview". UGO. Retrieved 2008-02-22.
- ^ [2]
- ^ "Lego Marvel Super Heroes IMDB". Retrieved 1 April 2014.
External links
- Bullseye at the Marvel Universe wiki
- Bullseye at the Grand Comics Database
- Bullseye at the Comic Book DB
- Bullseye at the Internet Movie Database


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Artist description:
This is what happens when you are half between wakefulness and sleep and ideas pop into your head! LOLOL (I was thinking of a cat version of Easter Island) (no ref)
Java Draw Created Mar 21, 2012 640 x 460px Unless noted Copyright 2012 AuroraSkye.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
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hmmm i like this u made me think of this anime movie, i luv gatos as well with 7 of my own here, watch "The Cat Returns" i think youd like it, yay for kitties 5 hearts
lol your so creative it`s funn how things just pop into your head i wish i could go there the statues look amazing :o
funny drawing, very nice!
Cute cats! The cats look giant and imposing. Like the sphinx?
Glad your back =)
My cat have to meet this place, heheh
This is epic!! 5 hearts!
have missed your work Lynn...hope your are doing better...trying to find my way back here...angel hugs..5h f
so creative & awesome LOL they look adorable..
HEAVEN!!!!!im coming.....awesome drawing


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New York Red Bulls 1, Colorado Rapids 1 | MLS Match Recap
HARRISON, N.J. – Pablo Mastroeni opened his coaching career on a positive note after guiding his Colorado Rapids to a 1-1 draw away to the New York Red Bulls in front of 20,542 at Red Bull Arena on Saturday.
It came with a bit of a controversy, after Colorado were awarded a questionable 73rd-minute penalty after center back Jamison Olave was whistled for a foul on Marvin Chavez, but it was nothing more than the battling Rapids deserved on the day.
The converted spot kick from substitute Vicente Sanchez negated an earlier Thierry Henry header goal that originally appeared to set the Red Bulls up for a home-opener victory.
Instead, the result leaves the Red Bulls (0-1-1) still searching for their first win of the season, and gives Mastroeni and the Rapids (0-0-1) something to cheer about ahead of their own home opener next weekend.
The first half saw both teams exchange a number of chances. The Red Bulls opened the match with a flurry of opportunities, but the Rapids' defense held up well and that allowed Colorado to settle into the match and create some scoring chances themselves, including a Nick LaBrocca effort from distance that forced a full-stretch block from goalkeeper Luis Robles.
Henry then put the Red Bulls in front in the 57th minute. Lloyd Sam's cross from the right pulled Rapids right back Shane O'Neill into the middle to cover Tim Cahill, allowing an unmarked Henry to float to the back post. The Frenchman finished the play with a diving header that beat rookie goalkeeper John Berner -- in for injured starting goalkeeper Clint Irwin -- from close range. The goal put Henry in sole possession of second place in the club's scoring history with 42, behind only Juan Pablo Angel (58 goals).
The Rapids, who outshot the Red Bulls 18-11, including 6-2 in shots on goal, stayed in the match, and their Mastroeni-like determination opened the door for their controversial equalizer.
Fifteeen minutes after going down, Colorado mounted an attack down the right side through Sanchez, who subbed on for an Dillon Powers in the 65th minute. Sanchez's little chip found Chavez in the area, where he was knocked down by Olave, who appeared only to be standing his ground as Chavez backed into him. Regardless, referee Alan Kelly adjudged Olave to have fouled Chavez and pointed to the spot. Sanchez buried the penalty.
In the dying moments, both sides had a number of late chances as they looked for a winner, most notably when Peguy Luyindula redirected an Henry freekick across the front of goal, but no one was able to knock the cross home, and the match finished all square.
The Red Bulls return to action on March 23 with a visit to Toyota Park to take on the Chicago Fire. The Rapids, meanwhile, will hold their 2014 home opener vs. the Portland Timbers on March 22.
Franco Panizo covers the New York Red Bulls for MLSsoccer.com. He can be reached by email at email@example.com.
MLSsoccer.com Men of the Match
|What We Saw
|Thierry Henry
|The big man thumped home a tidy finish and also served up a litany of dangerous set-piece deliveries..
|Luis Robles
|Kept his focus despite long stretches of RBNY possession, making a few important saves. Blameless on Sanchez's goal.
|Nick LaBrocca
Covered acres, fought the midfield battles and looked comfortable in a deeper midfield role than last season.


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Surgeons sometimes leave things inside patients — needles, scissors, even scalpels. Those items easily show up on X-rays, allowing doctors to find and remove them. But not surgical sponges. They require extra precaution; most sponges are marked with barium, which is difficult to see on X-rays. Portland State University chemistry professor Andrea Goforth and her graduate assistant, Anna Brown, have developed a better way to tag sponges using bismuth. Denser than lead and nontoxic, bismuth nanoparticles are perfect X-ray deflectors, and by infusing them in silicone they can be stitched into surgical sponges. "The heavier the atoms the better they scatter X-rays," Goforth says. These bismuth markers — bismarkers — show up bright white on X-rays, making them practically impossible to miss. The preliminary patent application was filed last June and Goforth now is seeking an industry partner for the next stage of development: manufacturing, marketing and selling. She isn't finished with her bismuth research, though. "My original concept was that these would be injectable contrast agents," Goforth says. By modifying them to bind with certain types of cells and then injecting them into the bloodstream, the particles could be used to find tumors.
Read the original article from the June 2012 issue of Oregon Business
(Image courtesy of Oregon Business, June 2012)


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Grae's Rating:
Eye candy with tepid thrills.
Who's in It: Richard Roxburgh, Ioan Gruffudd, Rhys Wakefield, Alice Parkinson, Dan Wyllie
The Basics: In the South Pacific, there is a group of people swimming through an underwater cave system to boldly explore spaces untouched by man. In the scientific world they are called Cave Divers, and in the real world they are called Insane People. Frank (Roxburgh) and his son Josh (Wakefield) are down deep below the surface bickering while the rest of the team are hovering nearby, doing something vaguely scientific. Bossman (Gruffudd) and his girlfriend (Parkinson) show up just before a huge storm, and soon the cave floods. The team must rally together and try to find a way out of the cavernous treachery. This film is based on an experience the co-screenwriter Andrew Wight had in Australia.
What's the Deal: If you're going to see a movie in 3D, this is it. It employs the use of executive producer James Cameron's Avatar equipment modified for that third dimension goodness. Although the CG green screen doesn't always look great, the film is mostly impressive to look at since it conveys the awe-inspiring beauty and wonder of caves. One minute, you are in a space no wider than your torso, and the next, you are hovering in an immense, bottomless cathedral. Of course the film gets less roomy visually as the situation becomes more hopeless, so the claustrophobic should stay home and enjoy breathing surface air.
My New Drinking Game: For the first act of this film, every time a character utters a one-liner that you know will be utterly disproven by the end, you take a shot. You will end up completely wasted because that's all that anyone does here--examples include lines similar to: This cave won't get the best of me (yes it will) or I will be fine without that wetsuit (you're gonna die). The script is pretty lackluster and makes the film average--it definitely has tension, but you're in a tiny cave, for crying out loud. There's tension even if the whole movie consists of people doing handstands and talking about their tax returns. I wish there was something more than just the usual character archetypes here. Richard Roxburgh is a real standout in this movie, making the most of it--and his movie-son Rhys Wakefield keeps up nicely. Casting these two was a phenomenal idea, because the story hinges on them and makes the film watchable.
SCUBA Diver Approved: Divers might be one of the most inaccurately-represented groups in cinema, next to Gypsies and Animal Detectives. As an advanced certified diver myself (yes, I am kind of a big deal) I shift uncomfortably when I see divers put their masks on their foreheads and not stop at 15 feet to decompress. This film treats divers with reverence and gets in some nice little touches about how stirring up silt is a huge faux pas, as well as the dangers of exhaustion, among others. I am curious to see how the cave divers react to it--if you ever want to hear a group of people complain louder than 83 year olds at a Ke$ha concert, just say something inaccurate about cave guide lines or BCD buoyancy at a PADI meeting.
First, I want to see this movie you speak of where people in caves do handstands and talk about tax returns.
Second, I hope filmmakers eventually figure out a story that will use 3D properly, or just give it up entirely. I'm tired of being told I should be impressed by technology that got old, fast, in the 1950s.
Movies.com Critic
Your brain will get the bends.
Read full review |
Comments (7)
42 out of 100 Metascore®
Read other critic reviews
Nothing mediocre about this medium.
Can't say "expendable" without "duh"
Valley of the Dolls with Firepower?
Just shy of a landslide.
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In India, Empower the Health-Care Consumer with Knowledge (PERSPECTIVE)
To enjoy the fruits of economic reforms holistically, it is mandatory for India to focus on health education.
A couple of years ago, two incidents made me realize that the importance of health education - as an invaluable tool, key to preventive and diagnostic health care - is poorly understood. The first was when a group of women instigated by higher officials in their beedi company made a representation to me that they were against the government's idea of a logo with a skull stating "smoking is injurious to health" on the beedi packets they produce, as that would be detrimental to their livelihood. The second was during the Assembly session when an elected member requested the then transport minister to go easy on government drivers reprimanded for drunken or rash driving.
These two case scenarios are not straightforward livelihood issues but are rather complex with a negative impact on the health, economic, and social well-being of our country. Health education is very often construed to be within the realms of sanitation, hygiene, maternal and childcare, yet even in these areas the impact of health education is incomplete and patchy. In developed countries, health education is a key component of the healthcare system and the budget.
Empowering the health-care consumer with the knowledge to understand the health-care system and to question health-care providers should be the goal of health literacy programs.
Inadequate sanitation, sub-optimal reproductive health and prevalence of life-threatening infectious diseases were all global phenomena a few hundred years ago. Industrialization and affluence alone did not contribute to optimal human development indicators in developed nations but intensive social engineering through vigorous health education programs contributed to these positive changes. India with its inherent diversity, paradoxes and its recently acquired economic prosperity, has to battle with communicable, non-communicable illnesses and psychosocial disorders.
A rise in road traffic accidents, illnesses related to alcohol, tobacco consumption and psychosocial disorders are increasingly affecting the most productive age group of our country. The long-term repercussions of these preventable deaths can become a huge burden to the nation's economy. Hence there is an urgent need not to restrict health education to primary prevention but expand it to create awareness of secondary prevention, the working of the health-care system, the importance of health insurance, etc.
For positive behavioral changes
To combat these public health problems with our limited health resources and to obtain maximum gain it is essential to create an innovative health education policy that would lead to intrinsic positive behavioral changes amid our general populace. Health education leads to empowerment and emancipation of health-care consumers resulting in a standardised quality health-care system.
Postgraduate, graduate and diploma courses on health education with adequate job opportunities should be created for health educators. Research suggests that an improvement in health literacy has a positive effect on the nation's economy. A World Bank report indicates that the economic impact of inadequate sanitation in India in 2006 was Rs.1.7 trillion, and in 2010, Rs.2.4 trillion.
The Planning Commission of India states that India accounts for 9.5 per cent of the total 1.2 million deaths from road traffic accidents, incurring an annual loss of Rs.550 billion. If just these public health problems alone can result in a loss of several trillion rupees, the amount of both direct and indirect losses to the exchequer will be an unimaginable sum when the remaining diseases are calculated.
Undoubtedly the economic reforms have uplifted millions from poverty, but one major illness, an unexpected death or severe injury from a road traffic accident will push them back to their below the poverty (starting) line. Cost-benefit analysis, cost-effective analysis and cost utility analysis are useful and powerful tools for decision making.
To enjoy the fruits of economic reforms holistically, it is mandatory for India to focus on health education, as the huge savings will enable us to achieve the millennium development goals that would in turn lead to the creation of an effective social security system on a par or even superior to what is there in the developed nations. As Mahatma Gandhi said, "it is health that is real wealth, and not pieces of gold or silver."
---This opinion editorial originally appeared in The Hindu. The author is a practicing obstetrician and gynecologist in India; and a former Tamil Nadu Minister.


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In general, O-chem and a couple other classes that I'm guessing he is currently enrolled like ChEn2001 are designed to show students the type of effort that will be required in upper level classes. If he can master time management required to handle these classes, he should be fine in the last 2-3 years of the program. I can assure your son that the extra effort he puts in compared to his CLA friends will definitely be worth it. Even in this economy most of my classmates and I were able to get full time jobs out of school. I can't say the same for my liberal arts buddies.
Hope this helps. Good luck to your son.
Hi bga, Sorry I just saw this message now. I just graduated in May. I can definitely sympathize with how your son is feeling. O-Chem is a tough one. I actually had to take O-Chem 1 twice. The class is difficult because it's all memorization and requires a lot of self teaching outside of the lecture. This is something most chem eng. majors are not used to (at least I wasn't). If your son is like me he is probably used to understanding things the first time they are shown to him. This is likely the first class where the material doesn't immediately "click." Tons of repetition is required to master the material. The key to that class is to not get behind and treat the suggested problems as homework and not optional (much easier said than done).
if you show up at Stub & Herbs and promise to drink using your left arm to hoist the brew, I'll buy you a beer after the game!


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A new X-ray spectroscopic tool for probing the interstellar medium
Astronomy & Astrophysics is publishing the first clear detection of signatures long sought in the spectra of X-ray astronomical sources. These signatures, the so-called EXAFS standing for "Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure", were observed with an X-ray spectroscopic technique that is common in materials sciences.
Up to now, EXAFS studies of astronomical sources have been unsuccessful because of the weak X-ray signals received from celestial objects. Using the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) onboard the XMM-Newton satellite, Dutch astronomers C.P. de Vries and E. Costantini have obtained high-quality X-ray spectra of Scorpius X-1, one of the brightest X-ray sources in the sky, located about 2800 parsecs from the Earth. For the first time, they have found clear evidence of an EXAFS signature coming from the dust seen toward a celestial source.
EXAFS is a powerful tool for studying the structure of grains in the interstellar medium (ISM). It is based on the phenomenon that X-ray photons can eject electrons from atoms inside solid particles, which in turn can be backscattered onto the emitting atom by atoms in their immediate neighborhood. This causes characteristic sinusoidal absorption features in the X-ray spectrum of a distant source that depend on the structure of the absorbing solid material.
Another, perhaps better known, technique of probing ISM dust, infrared spectroscopy, can also be used to study crystalline dust. However, EXAFS has a major advantage over infrared spectroscopy, in that it can probe the solid matter along the line-of-sight at the level of the atomic structure, even for irregular amorphous materials. Infrared spectroscopy, by comparison, provides information at the mineralogical level. As a result, using EXAFS, astronomers can obtain a very detailed sampling of the composition and atomic structure of the dust along the line-of-sight. EXAFS gives a more detailed picture of the chemical composition and atomic structure of amorphous grains than is possible with infrared spectroscopy.
Source: Astronomy & Astrophysics
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Every Monday and Wednesday, we announce a new Wildcard winner. It's a recipe that may not have won -- or even been entered in -- a contest, but that we know, love, and can't keep to ourselves. Every other Saturday, we'll review our most recent favorites.
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Blunt abdominal injuries, such as from a fall
or a blow to the stomach, can cause severe bruising of the abdominal wall and
bleeding from or rupture of the internal organs. These types of injuries are
often caused by falls from a significant height or by automobile, bicycle,
sledding, or skiing accidents in which the victim is thrown against an object
or to the ground. Physical abuse is another possible cause of blunt abdominal
injuries in children or adults.
Penetrating injuries result when a sharp
object, such as a knife, or a projectile, such as a bullet, breaks through the
wall of the abdomen. The risk of infection, bleeding, and organ damage is high
if the object penetrates deep enough to enter the abdominal cavity.
After a minor abdominal injury, pain, nausea, or vomiting may occur,
but these symptoms usually improve within a few minutes. Pain and other
symptoms that continue, increase, or develop following an injury may mean organ
damage has occurred.
Last Revised:
January 9, 2013
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine & David Messenger, MD
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


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Security & Surveillance
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I will Have a chance to use them in the next couple of months, however after checking them out they look like they are very well made. I will have to see how they hold up on our trip.
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1) Script Title: Nested Side Bar Menu
2) Script URL (on DD): http://www.dynamicdrive.com/style/cs...side_bar_menu/
3) Describe problem:
I have successfully implemented the script and have it working. The problem is that it only works properly on SOME of the pages and on others it stacks the submenus on top of eachother. The site can be found at:
**Click on the "=>" to open the category and get to the submenu**
On that pages it stacks. If you click on the "AEG Guns" category, it will bring you to categories.php and it works properly. I have scanned the code and the page source to see if there is any conflicts somewhere, but I just can't seem to find the problem. ANY help would be GREATLY appreciated.


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Registration - General
1. How does pricing and registration for a Relay Team work?
- Upon registration, the team captain will be asked to create both Team Name and Password.
- At checkout, the captain will be required to pay the full registration fee.
- Once created, team members will need to register themselves, under the 'Team Member' category on the registration page.
- You will then need to select your team and enter the password (provided by your captain).
- During the registration process, ALL team members will need to purchase a one-day USAT license or provice their USAT number.
2. Are two person Relay Teams permitted?
Yes. A two person relay can complete the race with any combination of disciplines. Relay teams may later add a third person if they wish during Athlete Check-In.
3. Can I be a team member on two different relay teams?
No. Team members are only allowed to compete on one relay team.
Back to Top
4. Do North American IRONMAN (140.6) events have a relay category?
No. Only certain North American IRONMAN 70.3 permit relay teams.
5. Can I participate as an Individual and participate as a member of a Relay Team?
No. Athletes are only allowed to compete in one division.
6. Are there restrictions or guidelines on Team Names?
- Please make sure your Team Name is appropriate, as IRONMAN is a family-friendly company.
- If two teams register with the same name, the team that registered first will keep the name and the second team (Captain) will be contacted to change the Team Name.
- If your Team Name is deemed inappropriate, the Team Captain will be contacted.
Registration - Refunds/Transfers
1. What is the Withdrawal Policy for a Relay Team?
The withdrawal policy for a relay team is the same as individual athletes. Please review the withdrawal policy on the "Register" page.
2. Can a Relay Team purchase Registration Protection?
No. Due to the flexibility of the teams being able to switch members at no cost and handling payment between several people, we do not allow this option available for teams.
3. Can I switch from an Individual entry to a Relay entry or vice versa?
Relay entry to Individual entry: Yes, you many change your relay entry to an individual entry, if General Entry is still open. Please note, you will NOT receive the difference in entry fee. Once you switched categories, you will NOT have the opportunity to do so again. Requests must be received in writing via e-mail to your race specific email. Without exception all requests must be received on or before the withdrawal deadline.
Individual entry to Relay entry: If relay registration is open, you will be able to change your entry by paying the difference between the individual entry price and the relay entry price. Requests must be received in writing via e-mail to your race specific email. Without exception all requests must be received on or before the withdrawal deadline.
4. How do I request to switch a Relay Member?
Any changes or additions to an existing relay team can contact the event directly at [email protected].
Registration - Athlete Check In
1. When and where is Athlete Check-In?
Athlete Check-In location and hours can be found in the Event Schedule.
2. Do all Relay Team Members need to attend Athlete Check-In?
Yes. All teams MUST arrive together for Athlete Check-In to ensure that all the materials are accounted for. During Athlete Check-In, athletes will be required to sign their own individual waivers. A relay team will be assigned one bib number. Each relay team will receive one packet with the following: swim cap, bike label, helmet label and a bib.
3. What will a Relay Team need to bring to Athlete Check-In?
All relay team members must have a photo I.D. and be covered by USA Triathlon. If you are an annual member, please bring your valid (not expired) USAT card. If you are not a USAT member and did not pay for the $15.00 one-day license online please bring $15.00 cash (credit cards and checks will NOT be accepted). If you purchased the $15.00 one-day license, you do not need to bring anything other than your photo I.D.
Please Note: If your team is adding or changing a teammate the new member must purchase a one-day license or provide proof of USAT membership. USAT one-day licenses are not transferable.
4. Does each Relay Team Member receive a timing chip?
No. The relay team will receive one timing chip.
The timing chip acts as a "baton" and team members must hand-off the timing strap/chip to move forward to the next discipline. Relay athletes must keep ankle strap and chip on their ankle at all times until making the transfer between team members.
Registration - Qualifying Spots
1. Can a Relay Team qualify for the 70.3 World Championship?
No. Relay teams CANNOT qualify for the 70.3 World Championship.
Course - General
1. If a team member fails to make the course cut-off, can other team members still complete their leg of the race?
No. Failure to complete the swim or bike course within the time constraints will result as a DNF of the entire team. Please refer to the Athlete Guide for the time cut-offs on each bike and run course. Relay teams are subject to the same cut-off times as all other athletes.
2. How does transition work? Do the cyclist/runner need to stay in transition the entire time?
For most events, a relay pen will be designated for the teams to gather. This is where the passing of the timing chip will take place in order to move on to the next discipline. If the race provides a relay pen, only the cyclist is allowed in transition, he/she must have the chip from the swimmer before un-racking the bike, and must rack the bike before passing the chip to the runner.
If the race does NOT provide a relay pen, the cyclist and runner will meet their team members at the bike rack. Please make sure to coordinate with team members regarding estimated times members are not loitering in transition during the race.
3. Can all team members cross the finish line together?
No. Only the run leg relay participant is able to cross the finish line. If more than one team member crosses the finish line, the team will receive a DNF. All other relay participants will be able to access post-race finish line athlete areas (not including the finish line chute).
4. Will there be live online tracking and results on race day?
Yes, during the event there will be live race day coverage including athlete tracking and up-to-date race results.
The tracking is ONLY available on race day. You can go to ironman.com and click on 'Live Coverage' at the top of the page and select the correct race. Select 'Athlete Tracker' and you can search by bib number or last name.
5. Will the swimmer and cyclist be allowed into the finish area to greet the runner?
In order to keep the finish line as congestion-free as possible, the swimmer and cyclist will not be permitted to enter the finish line area. Team members can reunite in the Athlete Food area.
6. If I am the swimmer or cyclist, how do I receive my finisher medal and finisher hat?
The runner will collect all 3 finisher medals and hats for the entire relay team.
7. Will I be allowed into the medical tent if a team member has been admitted?
No, unless you are receiving medical attention, you will not be permitted to enter the medical tent.
1. Do all Real Team Members need to be the same age and gender?
No. Relay team members can be comprised of a mix of gender and age. *All participants must be 18 years of age on race day.
2. What is the award process? Are awards broken down by gender. age-group, or overall?
- Awards are given out to the top 3 overall teams. *Gender and age-group are not considered.
- Relay teams will receive ONE award per team.
3. I didn't turn in my timing chip - where do I return it so I am not charged the "lost chip" fee?
Sporststats USA
Salt Lake City, UT 84115
a) Please use package envelope
b) Do not put any value on it for customs
c) Return it within the next 5 business days.
4. Where will Lost and Found be located during the event?
Lost and Found items will be available at the Information Booth (hours can be found in the Event Schedule) during race week. It is recommended that you mark your gear with your race number as IRONMAN is not responsible for lost items.
After the conclusion of the event, please contact [email protected] to locate any missing items and schedule returns. Shipping fees will apply.
*All unclaimed items will be donated within 30 days.
5. What is the IRONMAN Village?
The IRONMAN Village features various booths - including a showcase of official IRONMAN Merchandise, IRONMAN exhibitors, bike shops, as well as many other services and products. It provides a perfect gathering and meeting place for athletes and spectators.
Please view the "IRONMAN Village" tab for location, hours, partners, vendors and more.
6. Who do I contact regarding official race photos?
FinisherPix is proud to be selected as the Official Photo Service of IRONMAN 70.3 Indian Wells La Quinta.
FinisherPix will have several photographers working at the swim exit, on the bike course, on the run course, and of course, at the Finish Line! In addition, FinisherPix will have photographers positioned after the finish where you can have a photo taken after you receive your medal.
|Register your email address at www.finisherpix.com to be notified as soon as photos are online.
|Please be sure you have your number visible on the FRONT of your bike helmet so we can identify your cycling photos.
|Please be sure to keep your bib number visible on the FRONT of your body during the run & at the finish line so we can identify your photos.
|Smile & celebrate when you cross the finish line! Don't worry about touching your watch, the timing company will ensure an accurate record of your achievement.
Visit www.finisherpix.com to view, order, and share your photos from the event!
7. Who do I contact for Official Merchandise?
For inquiries about merchandise, please e-mail [email protected]
8. How do I update my TriClub Affiliation?
Please email [email protected] to make any changes or updates to a TriClub affiliation you may have. Affiliations must be finalized by race week for points to count towards that race.