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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from LYRASIS members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/escquarterlyv912nort The E. S.C. Quarterly VOLUME 9, NO. 1-2 Own WINTER-SPRING, 1951 North Carolina Newspaper Publishing Has Developed Into Important State Industry; Printing Business Expanding th S~*- jd J? *. . . L ./..? £* / V 1 *^* jL Jfe> 7{f# //;;// | >«^*«^ -———-I' " Ill l» - t» —'—' ..... ...~ - I .. . p<, Pi-ribii.. y «..: fupplied with this Paps*, at Fear SbWwgs, Pro '•.::• •' > •'-.M.y, .,v<<mmi ; . :", by ii;» es. j'nvisj at .-the I*nnt«ng-Of|.cc in N&pk'rti't x :• •• - • • r ci . • ' •.' U * kj £Jm:k~ ;im. ii-i :• don: rtdcnubi) Aov r, ; h x k Ms ot a iiiu^Lratu Lc^ch, T; ., aim / w^v^'. < ior L-vcry v. a!; Jur. * c:..d . ;..-.? &*>/'// tfjfj the Orib Week, a tllPLE ff i; M £ N* A V i s i * x j.v.-.^.roi . ..! nn Account of the Mar- ,: ;>;,. :; i , , m that i '..,,',: . h.UI. :.! ; -V.,. s ,-..-,i ii / % s:--v ..; .:rr:.: i, U »en Occurrences of a whuc Klui^nt G^lTU u, ril...: vv* • iui wit! •• \ VI- < : i:- . . . ; I,.,,-.;,;;,;,! upon t ::u (J,.,... i-i «* * ' * c i, in the io**v«v^«* d^f§ s - . v T'hen arporeel ff ! >>:!:b in the Fi i . . ni mxnm mtul* Photogi^aph of part of front page first newspaper published in North Carolina (See in^ le cover) PUBLISHED BY Employment Security Commission of North Carolina RALEIGH, N. C. PAGE 2 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Winter-Spring, 1951 The E. S. C. Quarterly (Formerly The U.C.C. Quarterly) Volume 9, Number 1-2 Winter-Spring, 1951 Issued four times a year at Raleigh, N. C, by the EMPLOYMENT SECURITY COMMISSION OF NORTH CAROLINA Commissioners: Mrs. Quentin Gregory, Halifax; Dr. Harry D. Wolf, Chapel Hill; R. Dave Hall, Belmont; Marion W. Heiss, Greensboro; C. A. Fink, Spencer; Bruce E. Davis, Charlotte. State Advisory Council: Col. A. L. Fletcher, Raleigh, chair-man; Mrs. Gaston A. Johnson, High Point; W. B. Horton, Yanceyville; C. P. Clark, Wilson; Dr. Alphonso Elder, Dur-ham; Corbett Scott, Asheboro; L. L. Ray, Raleigh; Joel B. Leighton, Rockingham; J. A. Scoggins, Charlotte. HENRY E. KENDALL Chairman BROOKS PRICE __ .Deputy Commissioner R. FULLER MARTIN Director Unemployment Compensation Division ERNEST C. McCRACKEN Director North Carolina State Employment Service Division M. R. DUNNAGAN Editor Informational Service Representative Cover illustrations represent typical North Carolina industries or business activities under the Employ-ment Security Program. Cover for Winter, 1951—Photograph shows part of the front page of the North Carolina Gazette, not the first issue, but the oldest known issue of a North Carolina newspaper. It was published by James Davis in New Bern and is dated November 15, 1751. Davis was the first printer in the State and published the State Laws for many years.—Photo by Miss Dorothy D. Reynolds, Dept. of Archives and History. Sent free upon request to responsible individuals, agencies, organizations and libraries. Address: E. S. C. Informational Service, P. 0. Box 589, Raleigh, N. C. CONTENTS ^7e North Carolina Publications 2 Press Association Active in Promoting State Papers 3 By Henry Belk Organization and Early Days of N. C. Press Association 4 By Clarence Griffin Journalism Foundation, UNC, Aids School in Training 6 Personal Journalism, Editor Feuds, Half Century Ago 7 By H.E.C. Bryant Personalities of Past Among North Carolina Editors 10 By Roland F. Beasley Yesteryear Editors More Vigorous Than Today's Crop 12 By Dr. Oscar J. Coffin Description of State Newspapers Written 28 Years Ago 13 Editor Daniels Distinguished State Citizen 15 Printing Industry of the Carolinas, Effective Group 16 By Henry L. Weathers Press Notes: Interesting Items of People and Papers 17 N. C. Has 41 Daily Newspapers; 7 Morning; 34 Afternoon .... 22 Thirty-Three Semi-Weekly Papers Published in State 29 North Carolina Is Well Supplied with 133 Weekly Papers..— 33 Blum's and Turner's Almanacs Still Printed in State 36 'Yellow Jacket', Rural Republican Paper with a Sting 37 John D. Gold Long Publisher of Wilson Times 38 Heavy Articles, Wit and Humor in College Publications 41 Religious, Professional, Trade and Special Publications 44 N.C. Newspapers Fine Training Schools for High Posts 47 J. Hampton Rich, Editor, Adept Promoter and Ink Hound—48 Incident Relating to Press Institute, Carolina, Duke 48 Progressive Farmer, Notable Magazine 49 Officers, Meeting Places and Times, N. C. Press Association__..49 Study Labor Resources for N. C. Industrial Expansion 50 By Hugh M. Raper Amendments Extend Coverage of Social Security Act 51 By M. D. Dewberry Analysis of Unemployed Worker Who Exhaust Benefits 53 By E. Stanhope Dunn Employment Security Compared; 11 Months, 1949 & 1950 .....54 By E. Stanhope Dunn Index to Volumes 7 and 8, 1949-50 ____57-62 Note: Articles not credited, with by-line, written by M. R. Dun-nagan, Editor. NORTH CAROLINA PUBLICATIONS North Carolina boasts of considerably more than 300 periodical publications, about 100 of which are classed as trade, church, professional, college, or-phanage, labor and other miscellaneous publications. More than 200, our count 207, are classed as news-papers. Of these, 41 are in the daily field, including seven morning and 34 afternoon papers; one is a tri-weekly; 33 are semi-weeklies, and 133 are weekly papers. The State's papers, generally, are in fine condition, prosperous going concerns, but beset by the frequently experienced shortage of newsprint. Printing firms in the State are equally prosperous money-makers. The ESC records reveal that 139 firms, in the sec-ond quarter of 1950, engaged in printing, publish-ing and allied activities are subject to, covered by, the Employment Security Law, meaning, normally, with eight or more employees. Of these, 66 were newspaper publishers, who employed an average of 3380 workers and paid wages for the quarter of $2,778,189. This was an average of $63.23 a week, considerably higher than the State average of $45.27. Commercial printing firms numbered 67, employing an average of 1756 workers, with a quarterly payroll of $1,210,581, or an average wage of $53.21 a week. In other classifications are three engaged in pub-lishing periodicals, including two in publishing books and one classed as miscellaneous. For the year 1949, the last for which complete fig-ures are available, the record shows that 132 firms engaged in publishing and printing were subject to the Employment Security Law, while for the second quarter of 1950, the number was 139, an increase of seven. Also, the 1949 figures showed average em-ployment of 5010 workers, against 5268 for the sec-ond quarter of 1950, a gain of 258 workers. This is a sizable increase, indicating the increase in the number and size of firms and the numbers of work ers employed. Gross wages in 1949 amounted to $15,644,590, an average weekly wage of $60.05. As is generally known, the maximum in payroll tax is 3 percent for unemployment, of which the State collects 2.7 percent and the Federal Govern ment 0.3 percent. Under the Employer Experience Rating Plan, employers may earn reduced rates after three years of experience. It is interesting to note that 12 firms had not operated long enough to be considered for a reduction in rates, and six firms failed to earn reductions. On the other hand, one firm was paying the lowest rate, one-tenth of 1 per cent and one was paying two-tenths of one percent. Between these rates, 14 firms had earned the 2 percent rate; 10 the 1.5 percent rate; 26 firms, 1 percent ; 47 firms, 0.8 percent ; 12 firms, 0.6 percent and three firms, 0.4 percent. It is also interesting to note that in the second quarter of 1950, the aver-age rate paid by the liable publishing and printing firms was 0.99 percent, slightly less than one percent as against 1.55 percent for all liable firms in tht State for that period. It is likely that the rate wil remain close to one percent for the full year. Less than one-third, 66 out of 207 of the news papers in the State are subject to the ES Law. Tha' means that about 140 newspapers operate shop; employing less than eight workers, exclusive of th< owner (if sole owner, and not a corporation) an( partners or minor members of the family. Winter-Spring, 1951 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 3 Press Association Active in Promoting State Papers By Henry Belk, President, N. C. Press Association and Editor, The Neivs-Argus, Goldsboro What is the North Carolina Press Association ? It is an association whose members are newspa-pers of North Carolina. Associate members are members of allied fields. Membership in the Association is made up of daily and non-daily publications. Currently each of the daily papers of North Carolina is a member. The 100 percent mark for dailies was reached recently when the Kannapolis Independent joined. Mem-bership in the non-daily field is at a high mark. The Association holds two meetings a year. The annual meeting is held in the summer, generally early in July, at the mountains one year and at the becah the next. On a few occasions over its long history the Association has held its meetings during a sea trip. Some of the long-time members still re-call a friendly game a bunch of the fellows started during a convention at sea only to have a dear sister aboard claim the total fund for her Community Chest back home. The Press Institute is held annually in January with the University of North Carolina and Duke University as co-sponsors. Duke annually entertains the Institute at a dinner meeting on Friday evening of the Institute. The Institute was started 27 years ago and each of the succeeding sessions has featured timely programs with special sessions for shop talk. The Associated Dailies of North Carolina regularly have a session at the Institute and the non-dailies have a separate session at the same time. Each pre-sents a program of interest to its particular group. High spot of the Institutes is the award of prizes for outstanding newspaper writing or pictures of the past year. Prizes are awarded both in the daily and non-daily fields. This year a new high in entries in the daily contests has been reported with more than 400 submitted. It is traditional that the Gov-ernor of North Carolina make the presentation at the dinner at Duke. The Association is greatly indebted to Miss Bea-trice Cobb of Morganton for services she has ren-dered as secretary. Many state press associations hire an executive secretary. Miss Cobb, always com-petent and gracious, has given the Association with-out cost a quality of devotion and service which money could not buy. She edits the "North Carolina OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF N. C. PRESS ASSOCIATION—Scene at Grove Park Inn, Asheville, July 8, 1950, as retiring President R. E. Price, Rutherford County Neivs, turns over gavel to new President Henry Belk, Goldsboro Neivs-Argus. Others, seated, I. to r. are: Miss Beatrice Cobb, Morganton Neivs-Herald, secretary-treasurer for SO years; Mr. Price, Mr. Belk; B. Arp Lowrance, Mecklenburg Times, vice-president. Back row, I. to r.: J. F. Hurley, Salisbury Post, and T. J. Lassiter, Smithfield Herald, directors; Clarence Griffin, Forest City Courier, historian; W. Randall Harris, Asheville Citizen-Times, and Holt McPherson, Shelby Daily Star, directors. Directors not in group: left, Leslie Thompson, News Reporter, Whiteville ; right, Weimar Jones, Franklin Press. PAGE 4 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Winter-Spring, 195 Press," monthly publication of the Association, and attends to multitudinous details with an unusual application. She gives her job as unpaid secretary of the Association the same capable and outstanding attention that has distinguished her as publisher of The News-Herald, in Morganton, and in many fields of State progress. Big project before the Association now (and should be for some years ahead) is the raising of a $100,000 fund for the Journalism Foundation. The response to the drive for the Foundation among papers of the State got a good start last year. A number have signified intention to make annual con-tributions. The Foundation will supplement funds for the School of Journalism at Chapel Hill. Idea is to raise the School to accredited status as soon as possible. Holt McPherson, of Shelby, heads the Foundation and D. Hiden Ramsey, of Asheville, is its treasurer. Already the Foundation has proved its worth by making funds available to secure the services of Jack Riley for the Journalism School. A special appro-priation of $500 to supplement Prof. Riley's salary was made. The Journalism School funds from State sources were not sufficient to secure this needed addition to the School. As President of the N. C. Press Association for the year, I wish to extend thanks to "Mike" Dunna-gan for compiling this newspaper issue. For the first time it brings together a great wealth of mate-rial about newspapers and newspaper people of North Carolina. I predict that future researchers into the history of the North Carolina press will make use of material in this edition. Organization and Early Days of N. C. Press Association By Clarence Griffin, Forest City Courier, Historian, N. C. Press Association Although the North Carolina Press Association was founded in 1873, there were no printed session minutes of the Association until 1888. A few years ago a pamphlet, giving proceedings of the Associa-tion from 1873 to 1887, as copied from contempo-rary newspapers, was prepared to supplement the annual session proceedings, which have been pub-lished each year since. The organizational meeting of the North Carolina Press Association or "Association of Editors", was held in Goldsboro on May 14-15, 1873, with repre-sentatives present from 29 of the State's newspapers and one represented by proxy. After completing a temporary organization, the need for an association was discussed extensively, and on the second day it TWO RECORDS OF EARLY ACTS OF N. C. PRESS ASSOCIATION The committee, evidently named by J. A. Sharpe or J. F. Hurley, one of which was president when the decision was reached to compile the earlier records of the N. C. Press Association, included J. B. Sherrill, Concord, secretary for 3 2 years; Josephus Daniels, Raleigh, and Francis D. Win-ston, Windsor. The record, compiled from newspaper re-ports by Mr. Sherrill, was printed in 1920, a book of more than 100 pages. This is in short supply now, although copies may be found among the books of members active 30 years ago. When the association held its 50th anniversary celebra-tion July 26-28, 1922, at Cleveland Springs Hotel, Shelby, with President Sherrill presiding, Mr. Sherrill, J. A. Rob-inson, oldest member of the Association; T. B. Parker, State Department of Agriculture; Dr. Edgar W. Knight, of the State University; M. L. Shipman, Association historian; Josephus Daniels, Raleigh News and Observer; David Clark, of the Southern Textile Bulletin, Charlotte; H. B. Varner, Lexington Dispatch; Wade H. Harris, Charlotte Observer (read by J. A. Parham) ; John Paul Lucas, Duke Power Co., Charlotte; Governor Cameron Morrison, and others address-ed the meeting, largely on the 50 years of development since the association was formed. Clyde R. Hoey welcomed the guests to Shelby. Record of this meeting, the speeches and proceedings, was compiled by Miss Beatrice Cobb, Morganton, then and for 30 years secretary of the Association. This anniversary record is in larger supply, but also limited. was voted to form the association. A permanent organization was set up and a constitution and by-laws was adopted. Despite the fact that the con-stitution has been in use more than 75 years, it is basically the same as adopted on that May day in 1873, with exceptions of a few amendments, made from time to time to meet exigencies of changing conditions. The members were faced with substantially the same problems in the early days as they are faced with today. The main concern in those early years was advertising rates, prices charged for job print-ing, governmental charges for postage and ethics in general. One of the primary purposes for organizing the N. C. Press Association was to improve ethics among members of the fourth estate in North Carolina, and) the association has perhaps had greater succes along this line than any other. RESOLUTION ON ADV. RATES At the first meeting it was urged that all publish-ers adopt a published list of advertising rates, anc that each one adhere strictly to this published rate or else "this convention will discountenance anj editor who may deviate from the same". They als( condemned any deviation from published rates foi national advertising; and disapproved of any dis crimination "in favor of any advertising agency North or South". They also made preparation fo: publishing the first newspaper directory of Nort Carolina, showing name of paper, publisher, adver tising rates, size of page and classified rates. The condemned the practice of newspapers having "pat ent insides or outsides . . . containing advertising printed outside the State, and urged that it be aban doned. The practice of accepting subscriptions oi credit was discountenanced. A resolution was adopt ed favoring more immigration into North Carolim WINTER-SPRING, 1951 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 5 A representative group of newspaper editors and publishers attended the second meeting held in the State Capitol in Raleigh on May 13-14, 1874. Forty-five newspapers were represented and several new members were taken in at this meeting. A resolution was adopted appointing a superintendent to investi-gate the various advertising agencies of the country, and report back giving information on which of the agencies were solvent or reliable. A number of agencies had "swindled and defrauded the member" newspapers by placing advertising and failing to pay for same. Steps were taken to systematize rates for legal advertising, define legal advertising and determine which should be published. Committees were appointed to go before the General Assembly and secure passage of laws defining legal advertis-ing, an object which was not accomplished until many years later. CENSURES GENERAL ASSEMBLY The matter of sticking by published rates again came up. In defense of cutting rates, one member remarked that "we cannot always stick by them, for many of our people advertise in our weeklies from which they realize but little, and it is done by them to sustain their paper in order to get the weekly current news." In the matter of agency advertis-ing it was decided that "if we favor anybody, let's favor our own North Carolinians . . . We will get as many advertisements and just as many dollars from the outside." A visit was then made to the office of Governor Todd R. Caldwell, where His Ex-cellency "Unearthed his best North Carolina drink-ables and toasted the Press." At the third annual convention held in Wilming-ton on May 11-12, 1875, a resolution of censure of the North Carolina General Assembly was adopted. Couched in rather strong terms, the resolution con-demned the General Assembly of ignoring their committee on legal advertising, and at the same time spending several thousands of dollars for advertis-ing in New York, London and Scottish newspapers, setting forth the advantages of North Carolina, and ignoring North Carolina newspapers. It was at this session that Scott D. Pool, Jr., urged a resolution which would make North Carolina news-papers free and independent in politics. His rous-ing speech pointed out that any progressive news-paper was not dependent on the small stipend of legal advertising, and that the old system of "offi-cial" newspapers be abandoned. He advocated each publisher putting out a newspaper for the develop-ment of his own community. He stressed commun-ity service above politics. This was the first radical departure from the idea that a newspaper must de-pend on legal advertising as an official newspaper, to survive. Consideration of his resolution was postponed, as too many editors of that day still looked to the court house ring for sustenance when the going was hard. But later in the session the question was revived, and it was adopted by three votes majority, but still later, after much parlia-mentary skirmishing, it was laid on the table. The AFTERNOON DAILIES ASSOCIATION MAINTAINS RALEIGH NEWS BUREAU The North Carolina Association of Afternoon Dailies, Inc., is an organization of the afternoon newspapers in North Carolina, the primary purpose of which is to maintain a news bureau in Raleigh to supply them with news develop-ing in the Capital City of State-wide interest, as well as localized news stories. Members pay dues which are de-voted almost entirely to maintaining the news bureau in Raleigh. G. Lynn Nisbet has been correspondent and man-ager of the bureau for several years. The members usually hold a breakfast meeting in con-nection with the summer and winter meetings of the N. C. Press Association and at such other times as is necessary to handle the business of the association. The association was organized about 25 years ago, and was incorporated in 1931. Officers elected at the January meeting in Chapel Hill are: David J. Whichard, Jr., publisher, the Daily Reflector, Greenville, president; J. F. Hurley, publisher, Salisbury Evening Post, vice-president; J. P. Huskins, Statesville Daily Record, secretary-treasurer; Additional directors are: Holt McPherson, Shelby Daily Star, and Floyd Hendley, Greensboro Record. resolution condemning the use of patent insides or outsides was revived, and the original motion was killed. The meeting of 1876, scheduled for Goldsboro and New Bern, was a failure, due to the appearance of only four newspaper representatives. The conven-tion was re-scheduled to meet in Raleigh on June 14th, but developed into a social gathering. FIRST WESTERN CONVENTION The meeting of 1880, held in Asheville, the first western North Carolina convention, was marred somewhat by a general protest of the churches of that town over the scheduled ball, which was part of the program. Hon. W. W. Holden, former Gov-ernor of North Carolina, and a former Raleigh news-paper editor, the only Governor to be impeached, was elected the association's first historian. His ap-pointment met with little approval throughout the State, and the NCPA was highly criticized for his appointment. Substantially the same subjects continued to come up for the next few years and were discussed at length at each meeting. By 1887, when the conven-tion met in Hendersonville in July, evidences that it was becoming a social organization were already apparent. However, despite the fact that the annual conven-tions now largely represent a social meeting, with its attendant good fellowship of other editors and publishers, the North Carolina Press Association, across the years, has justified itself. Many of the improvements in the profession, the high standards of ethics and the daily performances of newspapers in North Carolina owe to the NCPA their inception. Today, unlike 1875, the NCPA bears weight, and its representatives receive a quick and considerate hear-ing among the lawmakers of North Carolina. Down the years the association has done much to improve ethics among its members, and non-members as well. It is the voice of the fourth estate in North Carolina, and that voice is one which few newspapers dare to disobey. PAGE 6 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Winter-Spring, 1951 Journalism Foundation, UNC, Aids School in Traininj {Requested Contribution) Not long ago D. Hiden Ramsey, general manager of the Asheville Citizen-Times, who serves also as treasurer of the School of Journalism Foundation of North Carolina, Inc., received from an anonymous donor a check for a thousand dollars as a tribute to Oscar Jackson Coffin, dean of the School of Jour-nalism at the University of North Carolina.* It came from a former student of "Skipper" Cof-fin, who took that way to articulate his interest in the Foundation and the School of Journalism head who, working together, are seeking to advance the Chapel Hill journalism school to a foremost position in journalistic educational ranks of the country. Established in 1947, the Foundation is gathering an endowment of $100,000, income from which will be used to supplement University funds available to the School of Journalism for teaching salaries and other needed expenses. TRIBUTES TO NEWS-PEOPLE The tribute gift to Skipper Coffin was the third such, the North Carolina Press Association having launched the fund with a gift of $1,000 as tribute to its long-time secretary, Miss Beatrice Cobb, of Morganton, and The Hickory Daily Record having contributed $1,000 as a memorial to Miss Sara Lee Gifford who was fatally injured in an automobile accident two years ago. The late W. C. Dowd, Jr., who was publisher of The Charlotte News many years, left in his will a bequest in excess of $5,000 to the Foundation, and there have been numerous gifts in lesser amounts to help lift the total, but many more are needed before the $100,000 minimum fund will be complete and the Foundation's usefulness developed as its projectors hope will prove the case. The Foundation was launched as a child of the North Carolina Press Association with 15 charter members, including many of the leaders of the news-paper and radio business, principally in North Caro-lina, but with many from other states. The U. S. Treasury approved gifts to the Foundation as de-ductible for income tax purposes. Already efforts have paid off by advancing from status of a department in English to its own School with Coffin as dean. Plans are shaping by which it will before much longer be adequately housed in its own building, where expanded facilities will en-hance its usefulness. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS Holt McPherson, Shelby newspaper and radio ex-ecutive, is president of the Foundation, which has Leslie Thompson, editor of The Whiteville News Reporter, as vice-president; William C. Lassiter, of Raleigh, as secretary and general counsel ; D. Hiden Ramsey as treasurer; Roy Parker, of Ahoskie, as •'Another check for $1,000, also anonymously presented, was announced at the meeting of the chartering members of the Journalism Foundation in Chapel Hill January 19, honoring Professor Phillips Russell, of the UNC school of Journalism faculty for several years. The total receipts then amounted to $14,505.—Editor. assistant secretary, and Dr. Clarence Poe, of Raleigh, as assistant treasurer. Directors, in addition to the officers, are Miss Beatrice Cobb, J. E. Dowd, Jr., J. L. Home, Jr., W. K. Hoyt, Richard H. Mason, Frank A. Daniels, John W. Harden, William E. Horner, Thomas J. Lassiter, Steed Rollins and Ed M. Anderson. (Mr. Anderson CHARTERING MEMBERS OF THE UNC JOURNALISM FOUNDATION Founding members of the Journalism Foundation, UNC, are: E. H. Abernethy, Atlanta; Walter S. Adams, Asheville; Ed M. Anderson, Brevard; Dr. C. W. Armstrong, Salisbury; W. J. Arthur, Jacksonville; J. W. Atkins, Gastonia; J. M. Bryan, Greensboro; F. Grover Britt, Clinton; Henry Belk, Goldsboro; Mrs. James Boyd, Southern Pines; G. W. Brad ham, Greensboro; H. Gait Braxton, Kinston; *P. H. Batte, Charlotte; H. C. Bennett, High Point; C. H. Crutchfield, Charlotte; Miss Beatrice Cobb, Morganton; H. A. Cecil, Thomasville; Staley A. Cook, Burlington; Lenoir Chambers, Norfolk, Va. ; Miss Addie Cooke, Murphy; *Curtis B. Johnson, Charlotte; Douglas Coxe, Lumberton; C. C. Council, Durham; E. C. Daniels, Jr., London; H. A. Dennis, Henderson; O. J. Coffin, Chapel Hill; Frank A. Daniels, Raleigh; Jonathan Daniels, Raleigh; M. R. Dunnagan, Raleigh; J. E. Dowd, Charlotte; C. A. Eury, New Bern; Gordon Gray, Chapel Hill; Louis Graves Chapel Hill; Paul Green, Chapel Hill; Dr. F. P. Graham, Chapel Hill; L. C. Gifford, Hickory; B. S. Griffith, Char-lotte; John W. Harden, Greensboro; Clyde R. Hoey, Shelby; W. K. Hoyt, Winston-Salem; J. F. Hurley, Salisbury; W. E. Horner, Sanford; Mrs. W. C. Hammer, Asheboro; P. T. Hines, Greensboro; A. W. Huckle, Rock Hill, S. C; Ray Hull, Concord; J. L. Home, Jr., Rocky Mount; J. P. Huskins, Statesville; John B. Harris, Albemarle; WT . R. Harris, Ashe-ville; Gerald W. Johnson, Baltimore; C. O. Jeffress, Greens-boro ; *Louis I. Jaffe, Norfolk, Va. ; Dr. T. C. Johnson, Raleigh; Weimar Jones, Franklin; E. Z. Jones, Burlington; H. W. Kendall, Greensboro; Mrs. Rena Lassiter, Smithfield; J. Spencer Love, Washington, D. C; H. F. Laffoon, Elkin; B. Arp Lowrance, Charlotte; T. J. Lassiter, Smithfield; R. M. Lam beth, Greensboro; J. D. Langston, Goldsboro; Isaac London, Rockingham ; Stahle Linn, Salisbury; J. Paul Lucas, Charlotte; W. W. Neal, Atlanta; Lynn Nisbet, Raleigh; W. M. Oliver, Reids-ville; R. B. Page, Wilmington; John A. Park, Raleigh; Tal-bot Patrick, Rock Hill, S. C; Edwin Pate, Laurinburg; W. T. Peacock, Washington; Roy Parker, Ahoskie; Drew Pearson, Washington, D. C; Charles J. Parker, Raleigh. Dr. Clarence Poe, Raleigh; R. E. Price, Rutherfordton; C. Knox Massey, Durham; Holt McPherson, Shelby; Mrs. E. F. McCulloch, Elizabethtown; Richard H. Mason, Ral eigh ; Spencer Murphy, Salisbury; Mrs. O. C. McQuage, Mocksville; John H. Mebane, Atlanta; Santford Martin Winston-Salem; G. C. Munden, Morehead City; Dr. Fred Morrison, Washington, D. C; R. W. Madry, Chapel Hill; Steed Rollins, Durham; Phillips Russell, Chapel Hill; D. A. Rawley, High Point; E. A. Resch, Siler City; D. Hiden Ramsey, Asheville; K. Craige Ramsey, Salisbury; W. Curtis Russ, Waynesville; James Street, Chapel Hill; Don Shoe-maker, Asheville; Walter Spearman, Chapel Hill; Forrest H. Shuford, Raleigh; Mrs. E. G. Swindell, Wilson; Joe S. Sink, Lexington; J. A. Sharpe, Jr., Lumberton; W. E. Smith, Albemarle; Bill Sharpe, Raleigh; Leslie Thompson, Whiteville; R. B. Terry, High Point; John W. Umstead, Chapel Hill; Larry Walker, Charlotte; Miles H. Wolff, Greensboro; A. L. M. Wiggins, Hartsville, S. C; Capus M. Waynick, Managua, Nica-ragua; Tom R. Wolfe, Albemarle; Henry Lee Weathers, Shelby; Lee B. Weathers, Shelby; Robert M. Wallace, Shelby. Deceased. Winter-Spring, 195 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 7 was elected at the January meeting to succeed Curtis B. Johnson, deceased. All other officers-directors were re-elected.) The Foundation has tremendous potentialities for usefulness. Already it is supplementing the salary of a much-needed teacher who wouldn't otherwise be available to the school, and it is the purpose to use income from the endowment in succeeding years to draw to the School of Journalism staff the best available men for its faculty. The program is and will continue to be adaptable to current needs. Its purpose is to strengthen the training of young people to carry on the newspaper and allied radio work of North Carolina and general area. BETTER TRAINED JOURNALISTS Everything that contributes to better training of men and women for journalism helps the business. Gifts to the Journalism Foundation have a greater significance than mere assistance to individuals. A gift to the Foundation means a contribution to the training of those who will operate and control the press of the future. Those trained adequately in a good journalism school will be the best insurance for the continuance of a free and responsible press serv-ing the state and nation. Likewise, a free and re-sponsible press will be the safeguard, not only for public education in the future, but also for all the other advantages which we enjoy under our demo-cratic form of government. To that end the Jour-nalism Foundation will help in every way within its means to advance the cause of journalistic training —the years will write eloquent testimonials to wise giving thereto. Personal Journalism, Editor Feuds, Half Century Ago By H. E. C. (Red Buck) Bryant, Route 1, Matthews, N. C. Asked to contribute a story for the magazine of the Employment Security Commission of North Caro-lina, I was told : "It would not be bad to compare newspapers of 50 years ago with those of today." That would be a difficult task. Yet, I do not mind pointing out some differences as I see them. When I commenced my reporting career with The Charlotte Observer in the summer of 1895, under its able editor, Joseph P. Caldwell, a capable man or woman with a few hundred dollars could have estab-lished a paper and maintained it by industry and good judgment. He or she could have purchased a few cases of type and a press and started in busi-ness. But, today, it would require thousands upon thousands of dollars to provide the machinery for a single issue of a paper ; the cost of production has increased tremendously. As a result, a majority of newspapers are run from the business office, not the editorial sanctum. Fifty odd years ago readers knew more about ditors than they do now, and editorials, today, are not as important as they were then. Personal journalism has taken a back seat. Once I wrote a letter to the old New York Sun, after its remarkable editor, Charles A. Dana, had passed away, and asked who had written a certain editorial. The response was : "The Sun." Now-adays, there is very little curiosity about authorship )f editorials. The Danas, Greeleys, Pulitzers, Henry Wattersons, J. P. Caldwells, J. C. Hemphills, and others of their day are gone. Here and there a weekly paper has an outstanding editor whose opin-ions attract and influence readers, but they are few and far apart. Training for my life work came from a grand man who believed that "Nothing but the truth endures!" His guidance proved a blessing to me. Throughout a ong and interesting career I have never had to un-earn what he taught me. Today, as a reader of papers, if I find that a writer colors news to suit the editorial policy of his employer, I lose faith in him and hesitate to read after him. PAPERS MUST WIN ON MERIT Mr. Caldwell studiously refrained from putting himself or his paper under obligations to anyone, not even a friend. Once, when his business manager went out and rounded up an extraordinary group of advertisers by an appeal that they owed The Ob-server something for its great service to the com-munity, the boss said : "No, you have done a good job, but that will not do; we cannot afford it. We must win on merit." The spirit of absolute independence was instilled into me and all other members of The Observer staff. Fifty years ago it was customary to single out newspapers and newspaper representatives for spe-cial favors, give them lower rates at hotels, free tickets to shows, and railroad passes. In Washing-ton, where I labored for the greater part of my life, there were public men who thought it proper, or actually necessary, to give gratuities. One Congress-man did not like it because I declined to attend an annual dinner he had for "representatives of the EASTERN N. C. ASSOCIATION HOLDS SEMI-ANNUAL MEETINGS The Eastern North Carolina Press Association is the larger of the three area groups organized under and as units of the N. C. Press Association. It covers fully half of the area of the State, from Raleigh eastward, and was organized three or four years ago. Meetings are held twice a year, fall and spring. The last meeting was at Wilson. Officers elected at that meeting include Mrs. Elizabeth Gold Swindell, Wilson Daily Times, President; Sam Ragan, News and Observer, Raleigh, vice-president; Mayon Parker, Parker Bros., Ahoskie, secretary-treasurer (permanent). Other directors are: W. C. Manning, Williamston Enter-prise, immediate past president; Grover Britt, Sampson In-dependent, Clinton, and Josh L. Home, Rocky Mount Tele-gram. PAGE 8 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Winter-Spring, 1951 WESTERN N. C. NEWSPAPER GROUP MEETS MONTHLY IN ASHEVILLE The Western North Carolina Press Association is an active unit in the mountain area of the North Carolina Press Association, meeting monthly, usually in Asheville, but occasionally at other points in the area. This group has been organized for several years. Present officers of the group are: Miss Addie Mae Cooke, Cherokee Scout, Murphy, president; Noah Hollowe.ll, West-ern Carolina Tribune, Hendersonville, vice-president; Mrs. J. A. Gray, Sylva Herald, secretary; W. Curtis Russ, Waynes-ville Mountaineer, reporter. press who had to write about him." After I had turned down several of his invitations, he asked me why I did not accept. I responded : "In the first place, I have a good din-ner at home every day; in the second place, you do not owe me one, and, in the third place, you may do something tomorrow or next day that might make a story you would not like to see in print, and I could not write it as I should with my stomach full of your food." That viewpoint was difficult for my would-be host to see. I told him that, if he would invite me to his home with others than reporters, who had to call on him daily for news, I could accept and get pleasure out of being his guest, but something to be exclus-ively eaten by members of the press on his beat did not appeal to me. In the old days owners of papers had to take all sorts of things for pay. A cord of wood, a gallon of home-made molasses or liquor, or some corn for the livestock was given for subscriptions. But, that day has passed. Money rolls in now. Laws prevent the presenting of railroad and other passes. FREE RAILROAD PASSES I recall an editorial written by Mr. Caldwell on the subject of such means of transportation. It read : "A sub-committee, representing forty railroad systems, has agreed to recommend to their roads the abolition of the free pass system, and it is stated that there is reason to believe that the recommenda-tion will be adopted and that after the first of Jan-uary next the pass will go. It should. It is both an injustice and an evil. Passes are generally to be found in the pockets of those who are best able to pay fare, and they are not there without reason, but to influence those who hold them. The railroads haul an immense number of people free. If all who ride free were made to pay, railroad fares could be re-duced, the railroads still make as much money or more, and they would discharge with more equity their function as common carriers. The pass is not just, and it 'grinds' a poor man or one of moderate means, who has paid for his ticket to see a money-bags across the aisle pull one on the conductor— a money-bags who has no claim to free transportation beyond the fact that he is supposed to have 'influ-ence.' The railroads ought to put everybody on the same level, and if this is ever done it must be done by the roads themselves, for it has been demonstrat-ed that statute law is inadequate to reach the free pass evil. There are all sorts of ways of evading such laws." I rode all over North Carolina on assignments from The Observer, but never on a free pass; Mr. Caldwell saw that my way was paid. Two interest-ing experiences during my active newspaper service convinced me Mr. Caldwell was right in his desire for independence. It was intimated, in a hot State campaign, that my stories from Washington were biased in favor of Senator F. M. Simmons. I was able to deny that with emphasis. I had never accept-ed as much as a cigar from him. The intimation was withdrawn, and an apology extended. There had been a veiled suggestion that I was paid to help the Senator. That could have resulted in the spilling of blood. Senator Simmons might have favored some newspaper representatives but not me. All I asked of him was news, and he was fair about that. MANY EDITORIAL CONFLICTS Controversies, or feuds, between editors seem to have ceased. In my early days there were sharp conflicts over prohibition, the Gold Standard and Free Silver, and other subjects. Now and then one editor would call another a barroom bum, a liar, or worse. Nowadays newspaper owners frown on that sort of thing; they do not think it helps a paper to succeed. In fact, the editorial writers of one paper ignore those of a competitor. One struggling for existence gets no free advertising from its more suc-cussful rivals. In the old days Mr. Caldwell, of The Charlotte Observer, and Mr. Josephus Daniels, of The News and Observer, were in conflict much of the time. Vile names were used, and personal en-counters threatened. A castigation Mr. Caldwell gave the Rev. A. J. McKelway, then editor of a lead-ing church paper, resulted in a law suit. No more scathing article has ever been written in the State than the one directed at Mr. McKelway. It attracted more than State-wide attention because of its fierce-ness, and, even today, requests for copies of it are made. There have been duels over editorial com-ment but such bitter conflicts are unheard of now. An interesting feature of newspapers in the nine-ties was the use of clippings from well-known writ-ers. That sort of enlightenment is of the past. Just one paper I see, The Laurinburg Exchange, devotes space to worthwhile stories from other publications, Papers today are crowded with all sorts of matter, and have no room for bright squibs from the othei fellow's print shop. During my employment by the Washington Bureau MID-WESTERN N. C. NEWSPAPER ASSOCIATION MEETS MONTHLY The Mid-Western North Carolina Press Association, one of the three area units of the N. C. Press Association covers roughly, the Piedmont area of the State. It has been or ganized for several years. Recently the group came to life again after a period of suspension. Meetings are held ai various points monthly in the area. Present officers are: Gordon Tomlinson, Mocksville Enter prise, president; Richard H. Byrd, Valdese News, secretary treasurer; J. P. Huskins, Statesville Daily Record, vice president. Winter-Spring, i 95 1 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 9 N. C. PRESS ASSOCIATION HOLDS SESSIONS FOR DAILIES—WEEKLIES During the meetings of the North Carolina Press Asso-ciation, both the summer convention and the winter Press Institute members divide into daily and weekly field groups for sessions to deal with problems relating to their respect-ive fields. At the January meeting in Chapel Hill, Mrs. Elizabeth Gold Swindell, of the Wilson Daily Times, presided over the daily paper session. D. J. Germino, Durham Herald-Sun, has been secretary-treasurer of this group for a decade or more. In the weekly group meeting Bill Arp Lowrance, Meck-lenburg Times, Charlotte, vice-president of the State Asso-ciation, presided. Usually the president or the vice-president of the association, whichever is in the non-daily group, pre-sides at these sessions. of the old New York World, I often heard it said a half hundred columns or more were thrown away late at night to give space for more interesting news. A telegram that our bureau chief got once or twice a week read like this : "Cut copy to bone—we are crowded !" I have seen good stories of a thou-sand words reduced to 200. In 1912 I was sent through Southern States to get affidavits from col-ored delegates to the Republican National Conven-tion to show that Theodore Roosevelt and Howard A. Taft supporters had offered money for votes in the contest for the nomination of the Republican party for President. REAMS OF COPY THROWN AWAY The day I left Washington on that assignment a leading gambler was killed in New York City. That proved to be one of the most sensational murders in the history of that great city, and the newspapers were full of stories about it for weeks. I went as far as Natchez, Miss., and wired a story of a thou-sand or more words every night. The trip cost The World approximately $1,500.00, and the only story of mine used contained 500 words, and that was sent in the first day out. Later, as the day of the elec-tion approached, with Roosevelt running as the big Bull Moose, I was asked to revise my stories and hurry them over. On the way to the station to put them on a train I saw that Mr. Roosevelt had been shot and severly wounded.* Again, my affidavits were held up ; they never were published. A frequent saying that I heard in my cub-report-ing days ran like this : "Here is something for your paper—it may not be news, but it will help to fill up!" Now, my only concern is over the use of the blue pencil or a pair of scissors. With bigger things hap-pening than those I can recall, one of my yarns may be cut as short as the tail of one of my fast hounds who lost part of his because the screw worms at-tacked it. Space fillers are not needed. I often wonder what some of the leading maga-zines of today would do if it were not for the liquor advertisements they carry; they must have them to prosper. *Thcodore Roosevelt was shot by a crank and slightly wounded (con-tinued his campaign) at Milwaukee, Wis., October 14, 1912, less than a month before the election in which Woodrow Wilson was elected President. There has been a wonderful improvement in the news features of the weekly papers of the State. Such local publications are remarkable for their appearance and the character of their printed mat-ter. The daily papers are so large that I like to get a weekly with its brief summary of the news. North Carolina must have more than a hundred good week-lies, some of them twice-a-week papers. I often think of a request I had forty-odd years ago to return from Washington for help to start a new weekly in a fine old county. A prominent mer-chant of the county seat wrote to ask me to join him and others in the establishment of a paper that stood for progress. He was evidently very angry at the editor of the town paper. He said he was more in-terested in tearing down than building up ; his reason for that statement was a story printed of a building under construction which had fallen down. The merchant had announced a three- or four-story build-ing for his town, and at that time his structure would have been the "sky-scraper" of the place. No such pretentious building had been contemplated before that. Plans were drawn and erection commenced, and after the walls had been put up one of them fell. My friend said the local paper had a column or more about the collapse of the wall; whereas, he had just an inch about the announcement of the project. I was told that a committee would meet me at the train if I would consent to come and help them with their proposed enterprise. The man had my sym-pathy but I am afraid had I been on the job when the wall tumbled, I might have made more of a story than the editor did. New buildings are erected daily but new ones seldom fall. GREAT TALKER—POOR WRITER Some weekly newspapers were very sorry in former years. Their editors were great talkers but indolent workers. News features were neglected, or actually ignored, but editorials were caustic. If the editor happened to be a bitter partisan, he spent much time going about the streets abusing fellow editors. I knew of a case of that kind. The owner and editor of the local paper took great pride in denouncing my chief. He was a Bryanite when Grover Cleveland was concluding his last year in the White House. He denounced Mr. Caldwell daily to people who would listen to him. He rarely devoted time to his office. His paper evidenced his lack of industry in the sanctum. Finally, he decided to blow the "old Gold Bug" of The Charlotte Observer to bits with a two-column editorial. Busy for days on his masterpiece, he could not resist the tempta-tion to sally forth several times a day to warn people he met on the streets of the surprise he was prepar-ing for his contemporary. "Thirty" written to his piece he turned it over to his printer. It appeared in due time full of mistakes, framed in poor type, and errors in spelling. But, the punch was there. Seeing it, Mr. Caldwell chopped it out and published it word for word, mistake by mistake, just as it ap-peared, and wrote this line of comment at the bot-tom of it: "When you hear nothing, say nothing!" PAGE 10 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Winter-Spring, 1951 The irate editor had not prepared his friends for that terse comment. He had purchased an Observer daily for a week to see if he had smashed Mr. Cald-well. To make a long story short, he sold his paper and hired himself out. As a Washington correspondent, I kept in some sort of touch with the State, and was always inter-ested in its newspapers. Fifty or more years ago press correspondents had a free hand. Good papers took special pride in their representatives there. They were anxious to keep track of their own public men in that capital city. Good feature stories were sent in from writers of ability. Political news was far more important than it is today. If a member of Congress made a mistake, the fact was published. Now, Southern papers are more like those of the North—they pay very little attention to their Con-gressmen ; a good member gets little credit for what he does and a questionable one can get by with mur-der without being found out. Of course, weekly papers were not expected to be able to pay much for their Washington news service. Some of them were fooled into employing Tom, Dick or Harry. One Democratic paper of fine reputation had for its cor-respondent a man in the employ of the Republican National Committee. That sort of hireling if a good news man would be all right if fair, and the readers would never know about his political faith. ASKED TWICE TO COLOR NEWS Twice in my life I was asked to color news to fit the editorial, or perhaps the financial policy, of the paper I was working for. I was never asked by Mr. Caldwell to leave out news, or doctor it. News was news with him. After the first world war, Secretary of the Treas-ury Andrew W. Mellon proposed a plan to cut taxes. Big taxpayers were for it, hook, line and sinker. A feature of it would have reduced the surtax very substantially—that suited all men of great wealth. Our special tax reporter was being scooped daily on that important story. I was asked to take it. I wrote seven front page stories for my paper—The New York World—after I canvassed the field thor-oughly for facts and sentiment. I said the Mellon plan would have to be changed—a compromise would be the result. That was not my opinion but that of the members of Congress who would have the fram-ing of a bill to be enacted into law. Our bureau got a wire saying my stories were "running contrary" to the editorial policy of the paper. That was the first and only suggestion of the kind that ever came to us in my twenty years with the World. My chief, Charles Michelson, ignored the telegram, told me to proceed as I had been doing. We had not been scoop-ed. I wrote three additional stories and was then taken off the job by instructions from the New York office. I resigned in a huff. Later, when the paper realized that my stories stood up, I was rehired, and remained with the bureau until the paper was sold. After Mr. Caldwell died, I was asked to refrain from suggesting in my Observer reports that there might be a candidate against one of our Senators. Several names were being mentioned. To my way of thinking, that was a suppression of news. That took place before the present owners bought the paper—it had been floundering about a little, and was uncertain what course to pursue. No other North Carolina newspaper ever made such a suggestion to me. Personalities of Past Among North Carolina Editors By Roland F. Beasley, Editor, The Monroe Journal My entrance into the field of journalism, or as I still prefer to call it, newspaper work, was accidental and by way of the back door. In 1881 my brother, G. M. Beasley, then under twelve years of age, be-came a printer's devil. And it was a devil of a job then. No genuine printer's devil now exists. I heard much about the printing office from him and by the time I was in the middle teens I found myself writing "pieces for the paper." I never learned the printer's side. My brother stuck to that, and I con-tinued to try my hand at writing. In 1894 while I was graduating at Wake Forest, he and I jointly started the Monroe Journal. We are still .both working on it. At that time Mr. Jose-phus Daniels was coming home to Raleigh to take over the News and Observer and "save the State," as Dr. Columbus Durham, the belligerent Baptist leader of that time, said. Josephus and Durham were on different sides of the controversy about the support of the University and the supposed injury to the denominational colleges. Joseph P. Caldwell had not long been come to Charlotte to take over The Charlotte Observer. He had left his former printer, R. R. Clark, to take over the Statesville Landmark, the weekly on which Mr. Caldwell had made his reputation. Mr. Clark be-came a most able editor. The Charlotte News was N. C. ASSOCIATED PRESS CLUB INCLUDES AP STATE MEMBERS The North Carolina AP Club, composed of representa-tives of newspapers in the State which are members of The Associated Press and thus receive its news services, has been organized in this State for 10 or 15 years and holds its meetings in connection with the meetings of the N. C. Press Association. The chief of the Carolinas Bureau of the AP, located in Charlotte, serves as secretary of the club. Officers elected at the meeting held in connection with the) Press Institute at Chapel Hill in January follow: Steed Rollins, executive editor, Durham Herald-Sun, president; 1 Claude S. Ramsey, executive news editor, Asheville Citizen- Times, vice-president; Paul Hansell, chief of the AP bureau in the Carolinas, Charlotte, secretary. Additional directorsH are: Mrs. Elizabeth G. Swindell, business manager, Wilsor| Daily Times; Carl O. Jeffress, general manager, Greensborq. News-Record; Staley Cook, editor Burlington Times-News 1 Winter-Spring, 1 951 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 1 1 then a little four-page paper gotten out by Wade Harris pretty much all by himself. Carey Dowd had not appeared. However, he did appear shortly, bought the Mecklenburg Times from Jerome Dowd, and in a short time, The Charlotte News, from Mr. Harris. The Charlotte Observer was a four-page, seven column, paper, just putting in the first linotype machine in the State. In Greensboro Joe Reece and Harp Elam were running the Daily Record, which sometimes had some news items in it but only after there was room to get in all the ads. Clem Wright was about to establish the Greensboro Telegram with C. P. Sapp, a very brilliant man, as editor. Asheville, Durham, and Winston-Salem were in about the same condi-tions as to newspapers. None were getting any tele-graphic news except a little snatchy pony service of a few paragraphs. No paper in the State had over 2,500 circulation. In Goldsboro Col. Joe Rob-inson was running the Goldsboro Argus like Joe Reece was running the Greensboro Record, a few items of local news, if they were not crowded out by the ads. Joe Caldwell said that Col. Joe Robinson was the cleverest man in North Carolina and had the sorriest newspaper. But I never thought he beat Joe Reece and Harp Elam in Greensboro. In Wilmington, The Star, which had been started right after the Civil War by Maj. William H. Ber-nard, was still going as a seven column four page paper. William H. Bonitz, who had successfully operated the Goldsboro Messenger as a weekly and made money out of it some way, had gone to Wil-mington and started a second or third daily. He started the Wilmington Messenger and hired Dr. T. B. Kingsbury, who was considered the leading editor and scholar in the State, to edit it. He had been with The Star. Charles A. Dana said when William R. Hearst began to sweep things with his New York Journal, that its success was due to the fact that Hearst had hired all the World's best liars. When Bonitz hired Dr. Kingsbury, it was supposed that The Star was done for. But it wasn't. It kept right on shining as brightly as it had and eventually outlived the Mes-senger. While these two dailies were operating in a town that could not support one to any extent, there was a third paper. This was the Wilmington Re-view, operated by Mr. Josh James, who must have been as clever a man as he was a sorry editor. The Review was four pages, five or six columns. I have seen many copies of the Review and I would make, oath that I never saw two news items come out in the same issue. Dr. Kingsbury was a scholar in the classics, in history, and theology. I think everyone around Wil-mington agreed that he was the greatest editor at all, but I doubt if many read what he had to say. It is said that in times of political or other excitement the doctor was so detached that his leading editorial the next morning might be a discussion of who wrote the Junius letters. He was a staunch Southern champion and always had plenty of ammunition to shoot at the Yankees. I was told years ago that his salary was $18 a week, which was considered lib-eral. I always thought—following J. P. Caldwell — that the test of whether a man was an editor or just a writer was whether he stayed in the office 'til the paper was "put to bed." According to that test Dr. Kingsbury was not closely attached to the paper, for he left the office about 4 o'clock in the afternoon and went home and enjoyed himself in his library. Such was the newspaper world into which I was born. Joseph Pulitzer was at his zenith ; Charles A. Dana, "old vitriol" as Mr. Caldwell called him, was spitting brilliancy and venom; James Gordon Ben-nett was still running the Herald as a personal organ that would never print the name of a person Mr. Bennett did not like; W. R. Hearst was just coming upon the scene and Adolf Ochs had just acquired the New York Times. Henry Watterson was still thun-dering loudly in the Louisville (Ky.) Courier-Jour-nal. Henry Grady was dead but he left hundreds of boys in North Carolina and all over the South with his name. The Atlanta Constitution was the leading paper of the South and Frank L. Stanton, its poetic and humane genius, filled his column of verse daily. Most of the weekly papers still used Franklin hand presses and I myself was fairly efficient in pulling the lever of one. I considered it easier than the job of the man who rolled the ink over the forms. When you became skillful enough to run off one hundred impressions in 22 minutes, you were doing right well. Then the papers had to be turned and run through again to print the other two pages. Thus two men turned out 100 completed four-page papers in 22 minutes, if everything went well. The dailies and some of the weeklies were printed on the old Campbell cylinder presses, and along in the nineties the dailies began to get duplex presses such as the weeklies now use. H. E. C. Bryant and I began writing about the same time, he on The Charlotte Observer and I on my own paper in 1894. I am now writing more than I ever did. - Mr. Bryant, though having retired from regular employment, writes for his own amusement and the enjoyment of thousands of friends. For over ten years he has been writing a column weekly for the Monroe Journal, several for other weeklies, and a Sunday article for The Charlotte Observer. He has an inexhaustible fund of incidents and obser-vations running from the grass roots of Providence township to the strongest characters in the United States Senate for the last 50 years. In the early days of the century when Bryant, Banks, Avery, McNeil, and Abernathy were inspired and directed by Mr. Caldwell, they made what might be called the Periclean age in the Observer history. Something of the same thing had taken place with the News and Observer under Mr. Daniels, except that his staff was devoted to politics exclusively, while The Observer boys roved over the whole field of human interest. The creation of rural mail service gave the week-lies their first impulse to growth, and the motor PAGE 1 2 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Winter-Spring, 1951 vehicle later did the same thing for the dailies. Along with this, of course, was the general increase of trade and industry and the necessity for advertising. Newspaper publishing now is little more than a mechanical industry. With the general trend to-wards consolidation and centralization, newspapers have lost their individuality and become more and more alike. If there were any geniuses left they would be smothered in the oceans of mediocrity and rubbish with which the papers are crammed. But newspapers, like radio, colleges and pulpits, run more and more to rubbish as a means of attracting numbers. There are no intellectual standards which have any weight and newspaper editorials have be-come little more than a part of the hue and cry for the moment's fad. Yesteryear Editors More Vigorous Than Today's Crop By Dr. Oscar J. Coffin, Dean, School of Journalism, University of North Carolina My arm having been twisted by one M. R. (Mike) Dunnagan, I fumblingly set about a bit of a survey of newspapers in North Carolina as they were when I first met them eye to eye and how they appear now. Some 45 years ago when I was busy overcoming the objections of the late William Cicero Hammer to the employment of what he was wont to refer to as "an honor graduate of the University of North Caro-lina" at $8 a week, Charlotte had three daily news-papers with as many editors, Greensboro as equally well supplied, and Raleigh was just recovering from the loss of a third one. There were two papers in Asheville, Durham, Winston-Salem and Wilmington under separate management. Salisbury, Tarboro, High Point, Fayetteville, Greenville, Kinston, Wilson and Goldsboro had one each. I recall three semi-weeklies, one at Statesville, two at Monroe, and there may have been another one or so that I have over-looked. What with the number of small towns pub-lishing dailies—there are two at Statesville, for in-stance— the number of dailies has increased although there's no longer a city with three, and the ownership has been consolidated save in Raleigh and Charlotte. The number of weeklies is approximately the same. For though several towns have them which didn't, a large number have ceased publication. EARLIER EDITORS AND REPORTERS The largest circulation of any daily newspaper was not above 10,000, but I'm inclined to think that the editors were more widely known than at present. Journalism was much more of a personal and parti-san affair. Josephus Daniels, Joseph Pearson Cald-well, Carey Dowd, and Colonel Joe Robinson figured far more prominently in public and private conver-sation than current editors of the News and Ob-server, Charlotte Observer, Charlotte News and Goldsboro Argus. Indeed, Judge Rufus R. Clark of the Statesville Landmark; Old Man Rights, local editor of the Union Republican ; Henry Blount, Wil-son correspondent, and Colonel Risden Tyler Bennett of Wadesboro were as often spoken of as any of the State officials or prominent bankers in the State. Red Buck Bryant for the Charlotte Observer and Tom Pence of the News and Observer as Washing-ton correspondents were known to all who pretended to read the papers, and the public was becoming acquainted with Tom Bost and Col. Fred Olds at Raleigh. Al Fairbrother had Everything ; Don Laws with his Yellow Jacket was stinging at will ; D. Scott Poole was providing Facts and Figures ; and B. Clay Ashcraft and Roland Beasley at Monroe and J. W. Noell at Roxboro were in stride. Of these are left Roland Beasley, D. Scott Poole, Tom Bost and J. W. Noell. Their publications were, in the main, poorly print-ed but far better spelled. They placed as much em-phasis on murder although they were no psychia-trists. There was no sex to speak of, but all hands were reasonably content with gender. Weddings and funerals were less frequent but perhaps more thoroughly enjoyed. Certainly no latter-day bride received the tributes accorded her by Henry Blount, and no patriot is gathered to his reward with as eloquent a tribute as those done by Col. Bennett. Divorces were left to the courts pretty much and were not taken lightly. Mention of those in the family way was confined to members of the family. HAND-TO-MOUTH PUBLISHERS Newspaper men more or less just happened. They laid no more claim to altruism, but they talked more about trade at home. Many of them expected a sub-sidy from the party, although the total given the whole press of the State probably would not equal the advertising receipts of a present daily today from the friends of a gubernatorial or senatorial can-didate in one Democratic primary. Editors were perhaps held in greater respect, but publishers who lived hand-to-mouth and met payrolls by weekly collections were thoroughly disesteemed. Now the editor is written to inform him how little he knows and how poorly he thinks, but while he is not made a member of the Governor's staff, all the civic clubs offer him membership, and a successful publisher is almost as much admired as the proprie-tor of a drycleaning establishment or a funeral home. Reporters, when I began reporting, were suspect-ed of not having the with or willingness to engage in gainful endeavor. Most of them became reporters much after the fashion in which Randolph's Rufe Betts made a sale of a coon dog. "I tried him for possum," said Rufe, "and he run rabbits. I tried him for foxes and he wound up in the hog pen. I tried him for squirrels and there was nothing doing. I 'lowed any danged dog ought to Winter-Spring, 1 95 1 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 1 3 be good for something, so I sold him for a coon dog." I don't at the moment recall any reporters of my vintage who actually starved to death, but I never met one whose wife was wearing a 3-carat diamond. Many of them—perhaps the majority—found some-thing more lucrative, and some of them even became respectable and were elected to public office. REPORTING MORE OBJECTIVE They all had one thing in common, however, which I wish more of their current successors had inherit-ed— they believed in the papers they worked for, swore they were better than their competitors, sel-dom looked at the clock, and wouldn't have accepted a wristwatch from Santa Claus. Too, I think re-porting of the yesteryears was more objective. To be sure, the reporter on a partisan paper was not always fair to the political opposition. There may have been more unfounded charges made, but there was less space given to rumors. The political re-porter usually spent his time trying to get a politi-cian to say something quotable rather than explain-ing how he himself shaped the rough-hewn destinies of incumbents of office. Way back yonder there were few news photos. A live country-seat semi-weekly nowadays will print more news pictures in a month than any daily in North Carolina produced in the year of 1910. Are we getting better ? I wouldn't know. A news-paper meant more to the subscriber than now. I think it meant more to the newspaper men, but a bank will oblige publisher or reporter much more quickly than aforetime, and newspaper wives more frequently patronize shoe store and hairdressser. This, I think, is about as it should be. Writing for publication is done for two reasons: pleasure and profit. Doggone little pleasure if there ain't some profit. Description of State Newspapers Written 28 Years Ago Since the day on which James Davis, appointed postmaster of New Bern by Benjamin Franklin, started the North Carolina Gazette, first issued in 1751, newspapers in the "Tar Heel State" have had rough sailing and many of them have perished in shallow waters. Davis made four attempts to estab-lish newspapers, with indifferent success. His first was published for about seven years. In 1784 he made a second attempt with "The North Carolina Magazine or Universal Intelligencer", which soon stopped. He again revived the Gazette in 1768 and published it "intermittently" for over ten years. Then, with Robert Keith, he established "The North Carolina Gazette or Impartial Intelligencer and Weekly General Advertiser" in 1783, because "there has not been a newspaper in North Carolina for sev-eral years". Andrew Stewart, a native of Belfast, Ireland, and for some time a printer and bookseller in Philadel-phia, was the second man to establish a paper in this colony, at Wilmington, in 1763 (or '64). His bluff of "Printer to the King" worked for a time and se-cured for him some of the public printing, but his paper was suspended in 1767 "for lack of support". He named it "The North Carolina Gazette and Week-ly Post-Boy". Later, with Stewart's equipment, Adam Boyd began, in 1769, publishing "The Cape Fear Mercury", which, although a poor paper from a typographical point of view, lasted until the Revolu-tion. These early efforts are related for a purpose—to show that the ups and downs of North Carolina journalistic efforts have continued through the years and that these ups and down are based on the pecu-liar condition of the population of the State, which also explains many other circumstances in its his- Note: This article was prepared early in 1923 as an assignment in a course in "Development of Modern Newspapers" by M. R. Dunnagan, then a student in the Pulitzer Sehool of Journalism, Columbia University, New York City. tory. Without seaport facilities, as a sand bar ex-tends from the northern to the southern boundaries of the State, cutting off the shore, except for occa-sional breaks, direct settlement was impossible, so North Carolina was settled by migration from other states, largely in groups of many nationals. POPULATION SCATTERED—CLANNISH Among the early settlers were the English around Wilmington ; the Swiss around New Bern ; the Mora-vians around Salem; the Quakers in Guilford; the Scotch Presbyterian in Mecklenburg, and numbers of other groups in various sections, each with its own modes and methods and each a law unto itself. Most of these settlers were clannish and lived for many years within the limits of their territory without intermingling with their neighbors. Later scattered home-seekers sought intermediate localities and established homes in mountains or coves in the west-ern section, on the plains in the center or the sands of the east. As a result, there was little in common and for many years a glaring lack of homogenity, the welding process having covered a long period of years. As a result of this condition, schools, except for those able to provide private teaching, were un-known in the early days, because of the scattered and thinly settled population. After the start for a public school system made by Calvin H. Wiley, the movement was taken up at the turn of the century by the State's "educational governor", Charles B. Aycock, whose campaign was made on the slogan of placing "a schoolhouse within reach of every boy and girl in the State," and his allies, Alderman, Mclver, Graham and other practical school men. Their ef-forts are bearing a rich fruit, as may be seen by the census reports, which placed the illiterate whites in the State in 1920 (over ten years old) at 8.2 per cent, as compared with 12.3 per cent in 1910, and PAGE 1 4 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Winter-Spring, 1951 illiterate Negroes at 24.8 per cent, against 31.9 per cent ten years ago. This background, which also is responsible for lack of development of large towns, explains the un-stable careers of newspapers. It gives additional insight to state that less than one-fifth of the popula-tion lives in towns of over 2,500, and that 2,068,753 are classed as rural and 490,370 as urban. Only two of the largest towns can be placed in the 50,000 population class. (1920 census). PAPERS LOCAL IN TYPE It will be seen readily, therefore, that newspapers are restricted in circulation and that, until the past decade, such a term as "state papers" could not be applied. To revert again to statistics, it is seen that there are 290 papers and periodicals published in the State. Included in the daily list are 40 papers, all of which, except about a dozen, are afternoon papers, largely in towns having from 8,000 to 20,000 popu-lation. Twenty-nine semi-weekly, 176 weekly, 28 monthly and nine quarterly papers complete the list, except for a few odd-period publications. All of the papers in North Carolina, broadly speaking, have been conservative and devoted largely to the interests of the immediate communities in which they are published. Since the State still holds fifth place in the nation as an agricultural State (value of agricultural products) much space has been devoted to the farmers and their interests. The past decade has seen such a rapid industrial growth, in which North Carolina has taken first place in number of cotton mills and is second only to Massa-chusetts in value of textile products, and has taken first place in tobacco growing and manufacturing, trade papers have been established. As a result of industrial development, also, and the subsequent or-ganization of the workers, labor papers are now published in eight or ten of the largest industrial centers. These changes have been reflected in the straight newspapers, likewise ; in fact, have followed the lead of the papers. WEEKLY PAPERS SUFFICIENT Weekly papers have played an important part in the life of the State, because the agricultural pur-suits have had the effect of retarding extensive read-ing and the weekly survey of the news was sufficient for the farmer. The oldest of these, which has since become an afternoon daily, is the Fayetteville Ob-server. Among the weekly and semi-weekly publi-cations that should be noted in passing are the Eliza-beth City Independent, "all that the name implies" and edited by a very clever writer, W. O. Saunders ; the Western Sentinel, the Robesonian, of Lumber-ton; the Lexington Dispatch and the Union Repub-lican, which is the nearest approach to a party organ in the State. (Later reference will be made to party organs). Before leaving the weekly field, it is worth while to note an unusual situation. At Moravian Falls, far back in the mountains of Wilkes County, miles from a railroad, has developed a condition unique in the SAVORY LOVING CUP AWARD WON BY 13 N. C. WEEKLY NEWSPAPERS The Savory Loving Cup, a trophy presented to the N. C. Press Association in 1922 on the occasion of the 50th anni-versary of its organization by Walter H. Savory, for many years a regular attendant at the conventions as Southern representative of the Mergenthaler Linotoype Co., was awarded to newspapers in the weekly field for 13 years, until all vacant space on the cup was occupied by the names of the winners. Mr. Savory, popular with all of the members, decided to offer the cup in North Carolina only for general excellence of newspapers. The award was made at each annual con-vention by a secret committee named by officers of the asso-ciation. The cup was kept by the winner during the ensuing year and was returned to the convention for re-award each year. The cup is now proudly displayed in the School of Journalism at the University of North Carolina. The Hertford County Herald, Ahoskie, won the cup for two years in succession and The Elkin Tribune won it twice, with an interval between. Inscription on one side of the cup, dashes (—) indicating ends of lines, reads as follows: "Savory Loving Cup—presented by—Walter Harriman Savory—honorary member—of the—North Carolina Press Association—on its—Fiftieth Anniversary—July, 1922 — awarded for excellence of typography—make-up and general effectiveness—of publication—1 9 2 2'." Inscribed on the other side are the names of winners and years won, headed by the word "Awarded", as follows: The Smithfield Herald — 1922 The Pilot, Vass, N. C.—1923 Hertford County Herald, Ahoskie, N. C.—19 24 Heltford County Herald, Ahoskie, N. C.—1925 The Sun, Rutherfordton, N. C.—1926 The Roxboro Courier, Roxboro, N. C.—1927 The Wilkes Patriot, Wilkesboro, N. C.—1928 The Albemarle Press, Albemarle, N. C.—19 29 The Cleveland Star, Shelby, N. C.—1930 Lenoir News-Topic, Lenoir, N. C.—1931 The Elkin Tribune, Elkin, N. C.—1932 Rutherford Co. News, Rutherfordton, N. C.—1933 The Elkin Tribune, Elkin, N. C.—1934 (Thanks to Miss Beatrice Cobb, Roy Parker, and Prof. Jack Riley for data.) newspaper field. Many years ago R. Don Laws, a brilliant writer and bitter partisan, started a small, four-page weekly which he named "The Yellow Jacket". It is a Republican paper with a sting for the opposition in almost every line. Although not circulating largely in the State, it built up a mailing list that ran up to a hundred thousand or more. So successful was the paper that at the village is found one of the best equipped newspaper plants in the State. Special trucks carry each issue about five miles to the nearest railroad station. At the same place and developing later, is "The Lash", also a weekly paper of somewhat similar proportions, which is classed as an independent, but also has the sting. Its circulation, scattered over a wide terri-tory, is given as 30,000. DAILY PAPERS DEVELOPING In the afternoon field, passing mention should be made of half a dozen of the papers published at the larger towns, including the Twin-City Sentinel, Win-ston- Salem, considered the most attractive paper in the State in make-up and typographically ; the Ral-eigh Times, edited by an exceedingly brilliant, versa-tile and, at times, sarcastic young man ; the Charlotte News, one of the best financial successes in the State ; the Asheville Times; the Greensboro Record; the Winter-Spring, i 95 1 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 1 5 Durham Sun and the Wilmington Despatch, the lat-ter of which has recently changed hands. These papers are all published in towns that have morning papers also, some of them suffering from the compe-tition and others from limited territory in which to circulate. The morning field is more restricted, but the papers offer a more interesting study. Eliminating, for the present, the three leading morning papers, it is proper to mention half a dozen others that are developing rapidly, in most instances, although all have passed through their perilous stages. The Win-ston- Salem Journal, published at the largest city in the State ; the Asheville Citizen, issued in one of the greatest resort cities of the nation ; the Durham Herald, in the city made famous by the Dukes and other tobacco manufacturers, and the Wilmington Star, published at the State's only seaport town and at the place at which the State's second paper was started, are included in this class. THREE LEADING DAILIES And now comes the "triumvirate", the three pa-pers that have come to be known as State papers, having circulations which cover the entire State, even though thin in places. These are the Raleigh News and Observer, the Charlotte Observer and the Greensboro News, all having the progress and de-velopment of the State as their watchwords, but all pursuing different lines, going about it in different ways, each jealous of the other and frequently taking advantage of opportunities to "strike out" at the others. While, as stated before, all are for progress and development, if "hobbies" may be selected, the News and Observer stands for the common people, as against the "interests" ; the Charlotte Observer stresses industrial development; the Greensboro News tends toward the commercial and, as an inde-pendent in politics, serves as a check on the others. A paragraph on each of these papers is needed to complete the story. The News and Observer is Josephus Daniels, former Secretary of the Navy. After running a weekly paper in a smaller town, he, as a young man, went to Raleigh and became associated with the late Walter Hines Page in publishing the State Chronicle. Later he took over the paper and through combina-tions, his News and Observer, in the early '90's resulted. Located at the State capital, this paper has entered into the fights and controversies that have developed, fighting for prohibition and white supremacy in the notable campaigns around 1900, education, opposition to class control and against the "interests", including the big tobacco and cotton manufacturers, power companies and other "big business" activities. Recent fights have been against legislation exempting stocks in corporations outside the State from taxes and against issuing bonds for completing the State highway system. The paper claims that the latter fight was based on a desire to "see the end" of heavy bond issues, while it has brought forth the criticism that the newspaper is an obstructionist and is playing politics. Needless to say, the News and Observer is a strongly partisan Democratic paper. THE OBSERVER CONSERVATIVE The Charlotte Observer has been classed as a con-servative newspaper practically all through its more than half a century's history. Up to a dozen or more years ago, it was edited for many years by the late J. P. Caldwell, a virile and able editor of the old school, who was both admired and feared. He was "wet" and one of the bitterest fights in the history of North Carolina journalism was between him and Mr. Daniels, into which personality was injected, without check. Passing from his hands into those of business men, not newspaper men, this paper suf-fered a relapse, until it was taken over a few years ago and put on a business basis. Incidentally, it is probably the best paying newspaper in the Carolinas today. This paper plays up as much as it will bear all news relating to industrial, educational, agricul-tural activities and good roads news and devotes its editorial columns largely to such progressive move-ments. Politics, of course, is not neglected, this paper also being in the aggressive Democratic col-umn. EDITOR JOSEPHUS DANIELS WAS DISTINGUISHED STATE CITIZEN Josephus Daniels, who became one of North Carolina's most distinguished citizens, was a newspaper man for al-most 70 years, from the time he was 16 until his death at 8 5. This is probably a record in span, although Mr. Daniels was away from his editorial desk for some 18 years. As a result, numbers of North Carolina newspaper men have had longer continuous and unbroken spans at the desk than did Mr. Daniels. Mr. Daniels started a little paper, The Cornucopia, at Wilson in 1878 and two years later acquired an interest in The Wilson Advance, control of which he purchased a year later and operated for four years. It was while here, in 1884, that he was elected president of the N. C. Press As-sociation, when 22 years of age. He attended his first press meeting at Catawba Springs in 1879 as one of half a dozen "boy editors" or amateur editors. His attendance was con-tinuous after that. In 1885 Mr. Daniels moved to Raleigh as editor of The State Chronicle. He had his ups and downs and in 1892 he was appointed chief clerk in the Interior Department. After two years he returned to Raleigh and bought, with the help of 100 friends who took stock with him, the News and Ob-server, at auction for $6,8 0. Here he remained and re-turned from periods of public service, until his death, early in 1948. Mr. Daniels was a fighter, slugging away with his stubby pencil in editorials against privilege and the money barons, corruption in high or low places, fighting for the common people, for education, for church, for temperance and for the Democratic party. It was his political activities that resulted in his first clerkship in Washington; his service for eight years as Secretary of the Navy under President Wilson; his service under his former assistant, F. D. Roosevelt, as Ambassador to Mexico for seven years; his post as national committeeman for North Carolina for 20 years. He was the stub pencil author of close to a dozen books, among them "Life of Ensign Worth Bagley"; "The Navy and the Nation", "Our Navy at War", "Life of Woodrow Wilson", "Tar Heel Editor", "Editor in Politics", "The Wilson Era" (in two volumes), "Shirtsleeve Diplomat", and had started "Life Begins at 7 5", promising another book on the 10 0th anniversary of his birth. Mr. Daniels was a Methodist Church lay leader, and a leader of the dry forces in the State. He studied law at the State University around 1885 and was one of its trustees for 46 years. PAGE 16 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Winter-Spring, i 951 The Greensboro News is a later addition to the trio. Started some 25 years ago as a Republican State organ, it was not many years before it found itself "on the rocks". Later reorganization placed it in the "independent" category and, as such, with progressive and forward looking policies, it has reached a place of importance in the State. Many of the leading Republicans of the State are supporters of this publication, while it finds its way into the homes of many of the Democrats who are not strong in their partisanship. One feature, which is passing off the page of so many papers, is the editorial para-graph, which proves an attractive feature of this paper. EFFECTIVE ADVERTISING The effect of the new era in North Carolina jour-nalism may be seen in no better way than to give two instances, one illustrating the value of news-pub-licity; the other of advertising. Six months before the meeting of the General Assembly of two years ago, (1921), T. L. Kirkpatrick, president of the Citizens Highway Association of North Carolina, suggested and began a fight for a bond issue of $50,000,000 to construct a hard-surfaced system of roads connecting every county seat and principal town. He was laughed at, called a fanatic and even a plain fool. He perfected his organization and delegated the writer to get out a weekly news letter —propaganda—four months before the General As-sembly's meeting. From 25 to 100 papers received this service weekly, most of them played it up and added to it and before the Legislature adjourned, it had done what was considered impossible. More-over, at the session just ended, (1923), it added $15,000,000 to complete the highway system. Coun-ties in the State have added probably $40,000,000 more for developing the roads within their boun-daries. The other instance. About the same time, two and a half years ago, (1920), the institutions of higher education realized they were not keeping pace with the development of the common and high school systems of the State and were unable to accommo-date more than half the students seeking admission. A loose organization was formed and a propaganda fund of several thousand dollars was raised by alumni and friends. This was used to give, in page advertisements in all of the leading daily and weekly papers in the State, the status of the institutions. The institutions asked for $47,000,000, approxi-mately, for seven-year building programs. The legis-lature, which had sadly neglected these institutions in the past, gave its proportional part of the amount asked, for a two year program, leaving later legis-latures to make the appropriations for succeeding years. Printing Industry of the Carolinas, Effective Group By Henry L. Weathers, Shelby Daily Star, President, Printing Industry of the Carolinas, Inc. The Printing Industry of the Carolinas, Inc. is serving effectively the printers of North Carolina and South Carolina today because, about a score of years ago, far-seeing and persistent members of the industry had the vision of what such an organization could mean. Though the association comprises two states, this article primarily concerns the North Carolina industry and trade organization. The history of the association goes back many years, to the early part of 1900, when the heads of several of the larger printing firms met informally on occasions to discuss their mutual problems. In late 1931 and early 1932, necessity for cooperation, the depression of 1929, and the days that followed with NRA, brought the printers together in an organ-izational meeting. An association was formed in which they could exchange information and opinions on better ways of accomplishing their aims and thus help the industry as a whole. At that time, the vol-ume and prices of printing had dropped to a low level in the State: In October, 1932, the first meeting of the Carolina Master Printers Association was held in Greensboro. Mr. A. G. Gordon of Winston-Salem was elected president. The first Board of Directors meeting was held in March, 1933, consisting of such outstanding indi-viduals as Banks R. Cates, C. G. Harrison, Jos. H. Hardison, Fred E. Little and W. H. Fisher. These men personally subscribed sufficient funds to get the association financially established. Through the years many others have contributed to the growth and progress which is responsible for the present strength of the group. Among some of these are W. M. Pugh, who served the association for four years as secretary-treasurer, and later as president for three years ; Norman Foust, who served as presi-dent for two years during the second World War; Jos. J. Stone, who in 1941 was made an honorary OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF THE PRINTING INDUSTRY OF CAROLINAS Present officers and directors of The Printing Industry of The Carolinas, Inc., abbreviated to PICA, composed of printing firms of North and South Carolina, are as follows: Officers: Henry L. Weathers, Star Publishing Co., Shelby, president; Frank R. Kuhn, Jr., Williams Printing Co., Spar-tanburg, S. C, vice-president; Guy B. Bphland, Alamance Printing Co., Burlington, secretary and treasurer; James P. Furlong, John J. Furlong & Sons, Charleston, S. C, ex-officio; Eugene H. Salmon, Graphic Knoll, Columbia, S. C, executive secretary. Directors: Charles E. Stone, Crowson-Stone Printing Co., Columbia, S. C; Jord H. Jordan, The Herald Press, Char-lotte; Robert A. Little, Wilmington Printing Co., Wilming-ton; F. P. Earle, Greensboro Printing Co., Greensboro; A. M. Beck, The Graphic Press, Raleigh; J. Wilbur Little, Electric City Printing Co., Anderson, S. C. Winter-Spring, 1 95 1 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 1 7 member for life, the only such North Carolina mem-ber (In 1945 Mr. Charlie Band of Spartanburg, S. C, was made honorary member) ; and many more that space does not permit naming. In 1934 the trade group was incorporated into the "North Carolina Master Printers Association, Inc." under the leadership of W. H. Fisher. During the next few years interest in the association began to lag and in September, 1939, it found itself with only 20 members and a bank account of less than $100. Seeing the necessity for strengthening the organiza-tion, the directors then approved inviting paper and supply firms to become associate members. The State was divided into four districts, with a vice president in each. A drive was started for new members, and by the annual meeting in July, 1940, at Wrightsville Beach the membership had grown to fifty and a budget of $8,000 was adopted and raised. An executive secretary was employed, and new life and interest in the association was manifested. In 1943 the membership approved an amendment to allow South Carolina printers in the association, and the name was changed to the "Carolinas Master Printers Association, Inc.", including both states. It was called this until 1946 when the name was re-vised making it what it is today—the "Printing In-dustry of the Carolinas, Inc." A plan was approved setting up several regional meetings to be held dur-ing the year in key cities, throughout the Carolinas. J. C. Keys of South Carolina offered it, saying it would take the association to the people who were not able to attend the annual meeting. This plan has been in use for several years with splendid suc-cess. The association has continued to grow and develop until today there 116 firms which are members and about 30 which are associate members. The latter are paper houses, ink companies, and machinery manufacturers. PICA has done much to promote the industry and help both small and large printers. Since World War II, many of the printers have greatly enlarged their facilities and improved the type and quality of their work, and it is estimated the volume of printing in North Carolina within the last ten years has tripled. There are a number of large and outstand-ing printing firms doing work that goes into every one of the 48 states. North Carolina should be proud of this industry and the growth it has made. It continues to bring new printing orders to the State and our organiza-tion is recognized as one of the best in the South. As an industry, it is on top in its wage scale, and from an unemployment standpoint it is close to the bot-tom. The records will show that there is very little labor turnover, and that the percentage of unem-ployed printers and claims for unemployment com-pensation is as low as any industry in the State. In 1947 the association employed a paid executive secretary. He was Eugene Salmon, who continues in that capacity. He is widely experienced in print-ing and its allied branches. This year the PICA be-came affiliated with the Printing Industry of Amer-ica, a national organization. This gives all North Carolina printers the benefits and services of the national trade group, which is one of the best national trade associations in the country. The association has a monthly dues schedule, based on the individual firm's volume of business, and today is financially very stable. The Board of Directors is composed of the officers, plus six directors. PICA has grown and strengthened so that today the commercial printers of North Carolina can face the future with more confidence than ever before, and with security and assurance of solving its prob-lems and benefiting its members. The following have served the association as officers : Year President Secretary-Treasurer 193 2'—A. G. Gordon '__ Noble R. Medearis 1933—W. H. Fisher C. G. Harrison 1934—W. H. Fisher C. G. Harrison 1935—W. E. Seeman W. M. Pugh 1936—Owen G. Dunn W. M. Pugh 1937—J. A. Kellenberger W. M. Pugh 1938—W. B. Hall W. M. Pugh 1939—W. M. Pugh Wallace Seeman 1940—W. M. Pugh George Moore, Jr. 1941—W. M. Pugh Robt. C. CarmichaeJ 1942—Norman W. Foust E. M. Preston 1943—Norman W. Foust Vander Liles 1944—Paul Robinson W. B. Hall 1945—J. H. Hardison Frank Bynum 1946—Claude Rhodes James P. Furlong 1947—Robt. C. Carmichael Robt. M. Allgood 1948—Hanes Lassiter Norman W. Foust 1949—James P. Furlong Claude Rhodes 1950—Henry L. Weathers Guy B. Ephland a. (0 i— -J J0—) i5 Co Press Notes: Interesting Items of People and Papers (0 c 1 (0 J? (TO Q6 Publisher Lee B. Weathers, of the Shelby Daily Star, has gathered one copy each of at least 12 papers that have been published in Cleveland County since its formation 110 years ago, has them framed and will present them to Gard-ner Webb College Library at Boiling Springs. The Thomasville Tribune, operated by H. A. Cecil, Sr., formerly with The High Point Enterprise, and H. A. Cecil, Jr., moved into a modern new building last year, at which time they purchased The Thomasville News-Times and merg-ed it with The Tribune. The firm also operates a large office supply and equipment store. WILLIAMSTON MANNINGS The Williamston Enterprise has been operated by the Manning family since 1908. W. C. Manning was editor and publisher until his death in 1938. Since then W. C. Man ning, Jr., and F. M. Manning have operated with W. H. Booker as a partner. This firm also publishes The Weekly Herald, Robersonville, and The Roanoke Beacon, Plymouth. W. C. Manning, Jr., was last year's president of the Eastern N. C. Press Association. The Shelby Daily Star probably has another record: only one former employee has filed a claim for unemployment compensation since the Employment Security Law was enact-ed in 1936. AGED WILMINGTON STAR The Wilmington Morning Star was established about two years after the Civil War in 18 67 by Major William H. Bernard as an afternoon newspaper, becoming a morning O PAGE 1 8 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Winter-spring, 1951 paper a month later. It has the distinction of being the oldest or second oldest continuous daily newspaper in North Carolina with the original name. Since 19 29 The Star has been operated by R. B. Page, who acquired The Wilmington News and established the Sunday Star-News. BEASLEY-BRYANT-NOELL Roland F. Beasley, editor of the Monroe Journal, and H.E.C. (Red Buck) Bryant, Route 1, Matthews, retired (but still writing) Washington newspaper correspondent, were the center of attraction at the Press Institute at Chapel Hill and Duke University in January. Mr. Beasley, 80, has edit-ed the Monroe Journal for more than 57 years. Mr. Bryant, 78, has been writing about as long, first for The Charlotte Observer, for many years in Washington, and now for fun. Many old-timers, Ralph Graves, Oscar Coffin, Bob Madry, your reporter, and many others sat at their feet for hours. But even they take off their hats to J. W. Noell, editor of the Roxboro Courier-Times, 8 9, who was too busy to enter into the Press Institute frivolities, but he "sent a hand," his daughter, Mrs. Lee B. Weathers, of Shelby. W. Thomas Bost, dean of Raleigh correspondents, is the youngest 70-year-old man to be seen. Coming from the Salisbury area, he worked in that city, in Durham, in Greensboro, and for around one-third of a century he has been racing around Raleigh as correspondent, sermon writ-er, "blockade" preacher, anti-prohibition teetotaler, candy-maker, debunker, and constructive promoter. E. A. Resch, Siler City; John B. Harris, Albemarle, and Carl C. Council, Durham, were named by President Henry Belk, of the N. C. Press Association, at the Chapel Hill meet-ing as the Nominating Committee, to present a slate of offi-cers at the summer press meeting. Dr. Samuel M. Holton was named early in 1951 as editor of "The High School Journal," published at Chapel Hill, to succeed Dr. W. Carson Ryan. Harry Wild Hickey, 47, telegraph editor and editorial writer, with the Fayetteville Observer since 1942, died Feb. 14, 1951. In the 1920s he had been with the Asso-ciated Press in the Raleigh and Columbia, S. C, bureaus. HONORS NEGRO PRINTER Robert S. Jervay, who founded the R. S. Jervay Printing Co. in Wilmington 50 years ago as a job shop and printed The Cape Fear Journal until his death in 1941, was honored recently by the Wilmington Housing Authority when a new Negro housing project was named Robert S. Jervay Place. One of his sons publishes The Wilmington Journal and another publishes The Carolinian, Raleigh, and The Carolinian, Winston-Salem. Santford Martin has been editor of The Winston-Salem Journal, and later of The Twin City Sentinel, since 1915, continuing his editorial writing even while private secre-tary to Governor T. W. Bickett. He was president of the N. C. Press Association, 1917-18. The Wilkes Patriot, Wilkesboro, was established in 190 6 and edited for several years, until consolidated with The Journal in North Wilkesboro as The Journal-Patriot, by Charles H. Cowles, former Congressman, State Senator and State Representative. Publisher A. N. Critcher, of the Oxford Public Ledger, was with The Patriot for a time until the consolidation in 1932. The Biblical Recorder, Raleigh, was established in 18 35 by Thomas Meredith as The North Carolina Baptist Inter-preter, started by Dr. Meredith in 1833 in New Bern. The publication was moved to Raleigh in 1838 and is said to be the oldest corporation in Raleigh, and has a circulation of around 42,000. It is the organ of the Baptist State Con-vention but was owned privately until 1939. Former prom-inent editors were Senator Josiah W. Bailey, Dr. Hight C. Moore and Dr. Livingstone Johnson. The Carolinian, Raleigh, published by P. R. Jervay, is one of the three North Carolina newspapers in which this publisher is interested. The Winston-Salem Carolinian is an affiliated publication, and the Raleigh print shop prints The Wilmington Journal. North Carolina Education, Raleigh, organ of the North Carolina Education Association, was founded in 1906 by Dr. E. C. Brooks and H. E. Seeman, for the State Department of Education. Former editors and publishers have been Dr. Brooks, W. F. Marshall, Dr. A. T. Allen, M. R. Travue, M. L. Wright, Jule B. Warren, Fred W. Greene and Mrs. Ethel Perkins Edwards, present editor. John Bikle has been business manager some 2 5 years. The State, Raleigh, is an unusual type of publication, established in 1933 and still edited and published by Carl Goerch, former Washington, N. C, newspaper publisher. This magazine, with a circulation exceeding 21,0 00, carries the usual as well as unusual incidents, past and present, of the State of North Carolina. The Raleigh Times, established in 1879 as The Evening Visitor, has been connected with several other Raleigh pub-lications, including The Daily Press, The Press-Visitor, The Tim'es-Visitor and The Raleigh Evening Times. John A. Park has been editor and publisher since 1911. Three sons are now on the staff, John, Jr., Ben, and Albert Park. W. E. Rutledge has been editor and publisher of The Yad-kin Ripple, Yadkinville, for 41 years. He is now assisted by his son, W. E. Rutledge, Jr. Mrs. Mattie Johnson Hall, who established the paper at East Bend in 1892, died last January in Winston-Salem, age 88. Miss Beatrice Cobb, secretary, N. C. Press Association, assumed publication of The Morganton News-Herald when her father, T. G. Cobb, died in 1916. She established The Valdese News in 1939. SHARPES OF LUMBERTON The Lumberton Robesonian, established in 1870 by W. S. McDiarmid and later edited by his brother, W. W. McDiar mid, for many years, was published for 40 years by J. A. Sharpe until his death in 1947. J. A. Sharpe, Jr., is the present editor. An asosciate editor in its earlier days was Hamilton McMillan, who helped get the Pembroke Normal School for the Indians of Robeson County. One of the old est businesses in Robeson County, The Robesonian has been a weekly, semi-weekly, tri-weekly and became a five-day daily in 1940. J. B. Benton, former legislator, published The Benson Review for more than a quarter of a century until his deatb last year. His daughter, Mrs. Margaret B. Smith, continues the publication. Duke University Archive (Trinity Archive) is said to be the oldest continuous literary publication in the South. In 1943, due to war conditions, it was consolidated with The Duke and Duchess, humor magazine, but the two were sep arated again in 1945. Todd Caldwell was connected with The Moore County News, Carthage, The Benson Review, The Kannapolis Inde-pendent and The Dunn Dispatch before establishing The Independent at Fuquay Springs in 1935. Allen J. Maxwell, late State Commissioner of Revenue and candidate for Governor, worked on The Wilmington Star around the turn of the century and purchased and operated The Columbus News (now News-Reporter) at Whiteville for several years. D. M. Spurgeon, publisher of The Avery Scenic Press Newland, with Carl D. Osborne as editor and manager, has installed one of the most complete and modern small prinl shops in the State. Mr. Spurgeon publishes two other news papers, one in Virginia and one in Mountain City, Tenn. A. C. Huneycutt, Albemarle, established The Kernersville News as successor to The Leader in 1937 with Fred P. Cartel as managing editor. Soon afterward Mr. Carter purchased anc has since published The News. Mr. Huneycutt is a forme) president of the N. C. Press Association but abandoned nub lishing to practice law. He formerly published several week ly papers. The Dunn Dispatch, established in 1914 by L, Busbe< Pope, former legislator, has published this paper as a week ly, semi-weekly and tri-weekly. During the past four year; it has been published by his sons, L. B. Pope, Jr., and Wil liam H. Pope, and Hoover Adams, under lease from th< owner. TRAINS AD. EXECUTIVES Furniture South, High Point, is the only Southern pub lication devoted to the important manufacturing and re tailing furniture interests. It was purchased in 1947 b: N. I. Bienenstock, publisher of Furniture World. Formei editors include Noble T. Praigg, executive secretary of As) sociated Industries, Inc., High Point; Harold C. Bennett president of Bennett, Inc., High Point, handling the State': advertising program; and C. B. Houck, head of Houck Ad vertising Agency, Roanoke, Virginia. NEW MOUNTAIN RATTLER Game Fowl News, Asheville, devoted to game chicken: and circulated over North America, was sold recently b; Winter-Spring, 1 95 1 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 19 R. S. Meroney to northern interests and will be published elsewhere. However, Mr. Meroney has plans for a small unusual publication starting early this year to be known as The Mountain Rattler, described as a non-profit enterprise without advertising, with no subscription price, "Agin' ev-erything and everybody." A rattlesnake adorns the mast-head. The Southern Pines Pilot is edited and published by Mrs. Katharine Boyd, distinguished widow of the distinguished author, James Boyd. Other noted former editors were Bion H. Butler, Nelson A. Hyde and Carl Thompson. The Jones County Journal, Trenton, is a new weekly pub-lication established in 19 49, edited and published by Wilbur J. and Muriel G. Rider. American Newspaper Boy, Winston-Salem, is an unusual monthly publication established by Bradley Welfare, its editor and publisher, in 1927. It is sold in bulk to approx-imately 200 daily newspapers in the United States and Can-ada and is distributed free by them to their carrier boys. Asheville News, formerly West Asheville News, estab-lished in 1926 by Oscar Barrett as The Asheville Advocate, now is operated by Frederick Severance as a Republican newspaper. Walter A. Ward was publisher for several years, and an earlier publisher, Harold Thorns, is now presi-dent of Radio Station WISE, Asheville, and WAYS, Char-lotte. The Carolina Quarterly, U.N.C. College literary publica-tion, was established in 1948 by students, as a successor to The Carolina Magazine, established in 18 44. Local area sponsors include John Sprunt Hill, Betty Smith, Paul Green, Dr. Norman Foerster, Josephina Niggle, William M. Prince and others. Faculty advisers include Dr. Lyman Cotten, Walter Spearman, Charles Eaton, Phillips Russell and Dr. Harry Russell. CHARLOTTE OBSERVER LARGEST The Charlotte Observer in 1916, when it was purchased by Curtis B. Johnson and Walter B. Sullivan, had a circulation of about 13,000 daily. Last year the circulation was 138,000 daily and 145,000 Sunday—the largest in North Carolina. James A. Parham has been managing editor and associate editor for 34 years. Mr. Parham, Ernest B. Hunter, man-aging editor since 19 41, and Rupert Gillett, both with the paper since 1929, form the editorial board. Former noted editors were Joseph P. Caldwell, Wade H. Harris and Dr. Julian S. Miller. The Carolina Journal of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, establish-ed in 1915 by the N. C. Pharmaceutical Association, was edited from its beginning until 1940 by the late Dean John Grover Beard and since that time by W. J. Smith. Miss Alice Noble produced most of the copy used for 20 years. 1920-40. PROMINENT PEOPLE ON N. & O. The News and Observer, Raleigh, established in 18 65 as The Sentinel, by William Pell, has had many prominent names associated with it since that time. Josiah Turner succeeded Mr. Pell. The News was established in 1872 by Jordan Stone and W. H. Uzzell; The Observer in 1876 as a successor to The Sentinel. It became The News and Ob-server in 1880 with Captain Samuel A. Ashe as editor and Fred A. Olds as assistant editor. Josephus Daniels, who came to Raleigh from Wilson as editor of The Chronicle in 1885, bought The News and Ob-server in 18 94 and was editor and publisher until his death 54 years later in 1948. His son, Jonathan Daniels, has since been editor. Other papers absorbed by The News and Ob-server, or dropped, included The Conservative, The State Chronicle, The Intelligencer, The Farmer and Mechanic, The North Carolinian, The Daily Call and The Carolinian. Distinguished people connected with the paper were Leonadus L. Polk, Walter Hines Page, Edward A. Oldham, Hal W. Ayer, Randolph A. Shotwell, D. H. Browder, Thomas R. Jernigan, John Wilbur Jenkins, Ben Dixon McNeill, Frank Smethurst, John Livingstone, and numerous others. William E. Horner, editor and publisher of The Sanford Herald for 20 years, has represented his county in the Gen-eral Assembly and was twice candidate for Congress. He is a former president of the N. C. Press Association. SHELBY STAR STARS The Shelby Daily Star has set some kind of a record for prominence of its staff. It was established as a weekly paper by the present U. S. Senator Clyde R. Hoey. Its pub-lisher, Lee B. Weathers, has been State Senator for four consecutive terms. Its managing editor, Holt McPherson, is president of the Journalism Foundation of the U. N. C. School of Journalism and a director of the N. C. Press Asso-ciation. Its business manager, Henry Lee Weathers, son of the publisher, is president of the Printing Industry of the Carolinas, Inc., (two states). Earlier staff members have included Johnny and Pete McKnight; H. W. Kendall, editor, Greensboro Daily News; O. L. Moore, publisher, Laurinburg Exchange; Ben Roberts, Durham banker; Cameron Shipp, noted writer, and others. THAT LASSITER FAMILY Lassiters have been connected with the operation of The Smithfield Herald for 55 years. T. J. Lassiter, Sr., became a partner in 1895, was editor for 25 years until his death in 19 20. Mrs. Lassiter continued in the partnership. Her two sons entered the plant as they grew up and are now partners with their mother. W. C. Lassiter is Raleigh city attorney and attorney for the N. C. Press Association. T. J. Lassiter, Jr., editor and publisher, is a former president of the East-ern N. C. Press Association and former instructor in jour-nalism at Carolina. Mrs. Stella H. Anderson, associate publisher and editor of the Skyland Post, West Jefferson, and the Alleghany News, Sparta, is president of the State Federation of Wo-men's Clubs. Victor Meekins, former sheriff of Dare County, is pub-lisher of The Coastland Times at Manteo, The Hyde County Herald at Sv/an Quarter, and The Belhaven Pilot. Mrs. Meekins was the daughter of the late Harry P. Deaton, for many years publisher of The Mooresville Enterprise. The Atlantic Publishing Co., Tabor City, owned by W. Horace Carter and Mark C. Garner, publishes The Tabor City Tribune and two South Carolina papers, The Myrtle Beach Sun and The Ocean Beach News at Ocean Drive, print-ing these papers in the Tabor City shop. The Reidsville Review has been in the Oliver family since it was established in 1888 by R. J. Oliver, Manton Oliver and John T. Oliver, all deceased. Present editors of the second generation are C. R. and W. M. Oliver. The Rockingham Post-Dispatch has been published since 1917 by Isaac S. London, who bought and consolidated The Post, established in 1909, and The Dispatch, established in 1916, and, the editor admits, is still going strong. Earlier he published the Siler City Grit. The Rocky Mount Telegram was established in 1910 as The Morning Telegram, but after four months shifted to the afternoon field. Josh L. Horne, Jr., is editor and president of The Rocky Mount Publishing Co., owner. The paper started on a seven-day schedule with a Sunday morning paper in 1949. NOELL EDITOR 65 YEARS In 188 6 the two Noells, J. A. and J. W., purchased The Roxboro Courier, established five years before. J. W. Noell purchased the interest of his brother, John A. Noell, in 1920. The Roxboro Courier and The Person County Times were consolidated in 1944. So J. W. Noell has been dishing out information to the Person County citizenship for 64 years. He has also represented his district in the State Senate. The Rutherford County News, established by R. E. Price and associates, celebrated its 25th anniversary last year and the fifth year of the full ownership by Mr. Price. He served as president of the N. C. Press Association for the year 1949-50. J. F. Hurley, who established The Concord Tribune in 1900 and sold it to John B. Sherrill ten years later, pur-chased The Salisbury Post and was editor and publisher until his death in 1936. Since that time his son, J. F. Hur-ley, Jr., has been publisher and Spencer Murphy has been editor. WHEREVER THE SUN SHINES The Sanatorium Sun, published monthly by the Extension Department of North Carolina Sanatorium and devoted to tuberculosis and health, has subscribers in Ireland, Europe, Canada, South America, Mexico, China and Hawaii, in addi-tion to many of the United States. John M. Gibson, former editor, is director of the Division of Public Health Education in Alabama and author of "Phy-sician to the World: The Life of General William C. Gor-gas," published by Duke University Press last November. North Carolina Law Review, Chapel Hill, published quar-terly by the University School of Law, was established in PAGE 20 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY Winter-Spring, 1951 1923 by Dean Maurice T. VanHeck, who was its first editor. Since 193 9 it has been edited by top ranking law students with faculty advice. GOLF WORLD GOES PLACES Golf World, weekly, established in 1947 by Robert E. Harlow at Pinehurst, has a circulation of more than 7,000 copies going to leading golf players in every state and more than 30 foreign nations and territories. This year the pub-lication will go on news stands for the first time. Mr. Har-low, publisher of The Pinehurst Outlook for 15 years, sold that paper and plant last year to devote full time to Golf World, setting up a new plant to print it. He was former manager for Walter Hagen, nationally known golfer, and worked for newspapers and news agencies for several years and has been publicity man for Pinehurst, Inc. Gordon H. Greenwood, editor of The Black Mountain News, is a graduate of the University of Illinois School of Journalism and was formerly with The Champaign (111.) News-Gazette. He was a psychologist with 96th General Hospital in the European Theatre in World War II. NEWS FOR WALDENSIANS The Valdese News, published by Miss Beatrice Cobb and edited by Richard H. Byrd, is the semi-official publication of the Waldensian people who migrated from the Cotian Alps (Italy) in 1893 and formed the settlement at Valdese. The Valdese News is probably one of the most localized papers in the State, devoted almost entirely to the interests of the Waldensian community it serves. A former editor, Marcel Tron, was a native Waldensian and the paper is replete with Waldensian names and reflects the native ways, manners and thoughts of the Waldensian people. Alfred E. Whitmore, who published the Williamston En-terprise for 18 years around the turn of the century, and who brought the first two-revolution flatbed printing press to Martin County, patented the coupon book system for charge accounts. He died not long ago in Virginia. The Mr. Dail who established the Williamston Enterprise in 1889 is said to have cut the masthead of the paper out of a piece of hardwood. The composing stone used in publishing The Outlook at Yadkinville, started in 1886 by a Mr. Henry and later sus-pended, was made into a headstone, properly engraved, and still marks the grave of Mrs. Spencer, a cultured woman, in the Yadkinville cemetery. OUR "MOTHER OF THE YEAR" Mrs. E. F. McCulloch, editor of The Bladen Journal, Eliza-bethtown, last year was selected as "Mother of the Year" by the Golden Rule Foundation on recommendation of a State committee, of which Mrs. Stella H. Anderson, editor of The Skyland Post, West Jefferson, and president of the State Federation of Women's Clubs, was chairman. Edward J. Hale, publisher of The Fayetteville Observer, the State's oldest newspaper, served as Ambassador to one of the South American countries for several years around the turn of the century. Weimar Jones, publisher of The Franklin Press, was State director of the Office of War Information for a year or two during World War II. Previously he had been on The Asheville Citizen for 18 years. Robert L. Gray, Jr., for several years editor of The Fay-etteville Observer, is now in service in the Korean area. He also served in World War II. The Weekly Southerner, Tarboro, is described in "Non-nulla," a book written in 1930 by Bishop J. B. Cheshire and published by Edwards and Broughton, Raleigh. W. J. McMurray, publisher of Racing Form for many years, purchased The Durham Sun and The Fayetteville Observer in 19 23 for his son-in-law. Soon after the pur-chases the son-in-law was killed in an accident. BIG BOYS ON THE DISPATCH The Lexington Dispatch has been owned, edited, pub-lished and written for by many prominent citizens. T. V. Eldridge, who established it, was later mayor of Raleigh. H. B. Varner, its publisher for many years, also published a magazine, "Good Roads," and served as State Commis-sioner of Labor and Printing for two years. Col. A. L. Fletcher, Raleigh; S. R. Winters, later radio special writer, Washington, and George B. Cochran were editors. Gerald Johnson, noted author, was a reporter. E. E. Witherspoon has been editor for some 3 5 years. Fred O. Sink and his sons have been publishers for more than 30 years. The name Myrover has long been associated with The Fayetteville Observer. John R. Myrover and George G. Myrover, Sr., were publishers before the turn of the cen-tury. George G. Myrover, Jr., is now managing editor. Parker Brothers, J. Roy, former UNC Journalism pro-fessor, and Mayon, perennial secretary of the Eastern N. C. Press Association, operates one of the real modern news-paper and printing plants in the State at Ahoskie. Here are printed their four weekly papers: Hertford County Herald, Ahoskie; Bertie Ledger-Advance, Windsor; Northampton County News, Jackson, and Gates Index, Gatesville; also the North Carolina Farm Bureau News, for N. C. Farm Bureau, and a lot of commercial job printing. Thomas Wolfe, author of "Look Homeward, Angel", etc., was editor of the Daily Tar Heel at Chapel Hill while a student there. So was Orville Campbell, owner of the Colonial Press, who has written several songs, including "All the Way, Choo Choo" (Charlie Justice). Rolfe Neill is managing editor. The 1300 issues of the UNC News Letter constitute the greatest body of knowledge about North Carolina to be found in any State in the Union, Dr. S. H. Hobbs, Jr., editor, believes. It goes to about 11,000 persons fortnightly. LOUIS GRAVES AND WEEKLY Louis Graves, Chapel Hill native, for a number of years a successful reporter on some of the larger New York news-papers, returned home around 19 20 and after a few years as head of the Journalism Department of the University, started the Chapel Hill Weekly March 1, 192"3. The Weekly, a folksy, down-to-earth community sheet, is, as the New York Times once said: "unique in American journalism". The New York Herald-Tribune said: "What this country needs is more papers like the Chapel Hill Weekly". Louis Graves decided not to wear himself out in New York reporting and editing, but gets a whale of a kick out of his Weekly—as do all of his many readers. David Clark, Charlotte, editor and publisher of the Tex-tile Bulletin, also publishes The Knitter, and the Clark- Smith Publishing Co. publishes Southern Hospitals and Southern Optometrist. Bill Arp Lowrance, Charlotte, editor and publisher of the Mecklenburg Times, is also publisher of the Belmont Banner and the Mount Holly News, both edited by Bill Barrett. SOUTHERN MEDICINE AND SURGERY Southern Medicine and Surgery, Charlotte, established in 18 56 by the N. C. Medical Society as the North Carolina Medical Journal, is probably the oldest such organ in the State. It absorbed the Wilmington Medical Journal and the Charlotte Medical Journal along the way. For the past 30 years it has been the official journal of the Tri-State Medical Association of the Carolinas and Virginia, during which period Dr. J. M. Northington has been editor and publisher. Former editors have been Dr. Thomas F. Wood, Dr. Rob-i ert Jewett, Dr. W. H. Wakefield, Dr. E. C. Register, Dr. J.| C. Montgomery and Dr. M. L. Townsend; and Department Editors: Dr. E. J. Wood, Dr. J. K. Hall, Dr. H. J. Crowell, Dr. Wingate M. Johnson, Dr. Hubert A. Royster, Dr. Robert! F. Lafferty, Dr. Paul Ringer, Dr. William Allan, Dr. O. L. Miller, Dr. C. C. Orr. The Cherryville Eagle has been in the same family 45 years, L. H. J. Houser, editor and publisher until his death, and then his son, Fred K. Houser. The Caucasian, edited by Marion Butler, later U. S. Sena-tor, was a noted paper published in Clinton many years ago. It later moved to Raleigh and was suspended. The Sampson Independent, Clinton, has been published by F. Grover Britt for around a quarter of a century. O. J. Peterson, long well-known newspaper man, and L. A. Be-thune were former editors. The Concord Tribune was established 50 years ago by J. P. Hurley, who later established The Salisbury Post. In 1910 The Tribune was acquired by J. B. Sherrill, for 32 years secretary-treasurer and for two years president of the N. C. Press Association, who published it until his death His son, William M. Sherrill, was editor for several years A. W. Huckle, a South Carolina publisher, but well-known to N. C. newspaper folk, is now publisher. The Danbury Reporter, established 78 years ago by Dr John Pepper, is now in its fourth generation of Peppers never having missed an issue. N. E. Pepper, long publisher Winter-Spring, 1951 THE E. S. C. QUARTERLY PAGE 21 and E. Vance Pepper, are editors and publishers now. The Durham Sun, established in 1889 by James Robin-son, was consolidated in 1929 with the Durham Herald, established in 18 94 by E. T. Rollins, long its publisher, and J. H. King. Carl C. Council, a former carrier boy, is presi-dent of the company and Steed Rollins is vice-president and executive editor. The South Atlantic Quarterly, literary and historical, established in 190 2 at Trinity College (Duke University), has had some distinguished editors, including John Spencer Bassett, Dr. Edwin Mims, Dr. W. P. Few, Dr. W. H. Gleason, Dr. W. K. Boyd, Dr. W. H. Wannamaker, Henry R. Dwire, and for many years now, Dr. W. T. Laprade. The Elizabeth City Independent, made famous years ago by the colorful W. O. Saunders, was published as a weekly, semi-weekly and as a morning daily (in 1948-49) by George W. Haskett. It was sold by his son, W. F. Haskett, UNC Journalism graduate, who started the Albemarle Star in its place in April, 1950. About six months later Mr. Haskett joined the armed forces and A. J. and Maud McCleland are general manager and editor, respectively . ED ANDERSON PAPERS Ed M. Anderson, former president of the N. C. Press As-sociation, is publisher of five weekly newspapers in the mountain area. These include Transylvania Times, Brevard, with John Anderson in charge; Forest City Courier and Spindale Sun, Clarence Griffin editor and general manager, and the Skyland Post, West Jefferson, and the Alleghany News, Sparta, Mrs. Ed Anderson, associate publisher and editor. Associates of Col. Joseph E. Robinson in founding the Goldsboro Argus in 1885 were Charles B. Aycock, later Governor, and B. W. Nash. Col. John D. Langston and associates founded the Goldsboro News in 1922, consolidated with The Argus to form The News-Argus in 19 29 by Talbot Patrick, publisher. The Henderson Gold Leaf, weekly, established in 1881 by Thad R. Manning, deceased, was published for many years by the Henderson Dispatch Co., Henry Dennis, editor, has been suspended, at least temporarily. The Hendersonville Time-News is the successor to all papers published in that city for the past 75 or 80 years. Specifically, it was a consolidation of The Times and The News, weeklies, semi-weeklies and then dailies, consolidated in 1926 by J. T. Fain, still editor. A newer weekly is The Western Carolina Tribune, published by Noah Hollowell. Capus M. Waynick, now ambassador to Nicaragua, former chairman of the State Highway Commission and first acting director of President Truman's Point Four Program, is a former editor of the High Point Enterprise, established in 1885 and becoming a daily in 1905. The Daily Independent, Kannapolis in a modern home and with 50 employees, was started in 19 27 by James L. Moore, present publisher, with an investment of $37.50 on credit—for a typewriter. It became a daily in 1938. The Kinston Daily Free Press was established in 1882 as a weekly by the late Josephus Daniels and his brother, Charles C. Daniels, and was issued from Wilson for a short time. H. Gait Braxton, a former president of the N. C. Press As-sociation, has been editor and publisher since 1914. It became a daily with the start of the Spanish-American War in 1898. (C. C. Daniels, 86, died March 20, 1951.) Archibald Johnson, for many years noted editor of Char-ity and Children, Baptist Orphanage paper and father of Gerald Johnson, widely known writer and author, was editor of The Laurinburg Exchange before the turn of the century, while it was owned by R. D. Phillips, father of Judge Donald Phillips, Rockingham. O. L. Moore, several times legislator, has been editor and publisher since 1919. LEAKSVILLE NEWS CARRIERS The Leaksville News, published and edited by J. S. and Richard Robertson, for the textile communities of Leaks-ville- Spray-Draper and environs, is delivered primarily by carrier boy, plus newsstand sales, with a portion by mail, of the 4,500 copies weekly. The News is printed in a mod-ern new plant with an up-to-date print shop, which also prints three periodicals: The Mill Whistle, each two weeks, house organ of Fieldcrest Mills; Cub Reporter, monthly, for Leaksville High School; Th
Object Description
|E.S.C. quarterly
|Other Title
|Employment Security Commission quarterly; Unemployment Compensation Commission quarterly; UCC quarterly
|North Carolina. Employment Security Commission.
North Carolina--Economic conditions--Periodicals
|North Carolina, United States
|Time Period
(1929-1945) Depression and World War Two
(1945-1989) Post War/Cold War period
(1954-1971) Civil Rights era
|Raleigh, N.C.: Employment Security Commission of North Carolina,1947-1975.
|North Carolina Division of Employment Security, Department of Commerce
|State Document see http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,63754
|North Carolina State Documents Collection. State Library of North Carolina
|Digital Characteristics-A
|70 p.; 9.91 MB
|Digital Collection
|North Carolina Digital State Documents Collection
|Digital Format
|Title Replaces
|U.C.C. quarterly
|Pres File Name-M
|Pres Local File Path-M
|Full Text
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
LYRASIS members and Sloan Foundation
The E. S.C. Quarterly
North Carolina Newspaper Publishing Has Developed Into
Important State Industry; Printing Business Expanding
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