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Planetary classification systems were used by many races to categorize planets. Various factors were taken into consideration, including atmospheric composition, surface temperature, vegetation, and size. The classification system used by the Federation used single-letter designations such as class M to describe a planet able to support humanoid life for long periods, while the Vulcans used the term "Minshara class" to describe a similar planet.
Planetary classesEdit
|Class D
|Planetoid or moon; little to no atmosphere, uninhabitable
|Regula, Weytahn
|Class H
|Generally uninhabitable
|Tau Cygna V
|Class J
|Gas giant
|Class K
|Adaptable with pressure domes
|Mudd, Theta VIII (class K transjovian)
|Class L
|Marginally habitable, vegetation but usually no animal life
|Indri VIII, Kelis' homeworld
|Class M (Minshara class)
|Largely habitable
|Earth, Vulcan, Organia
|Class N
|Class R
|Class T
|Gas giant
|Class Y
|"Demon"; hazardous
|Demon Planet, Ha'Dara
Appendices Edit
Background information Edit
The Star Trek: Star Charts book, which was authored and advised by Trek staffers, listed many other planetary classes which may one day be recognized on-screen, but as of now they remain conjectural.
One such was "class F", which was geologically inactive with no atmosphere. Janus VI was given as an example of this.
According to the Star Charts, a class P planet is a "glaciated" planet. They have an age that ranges from three to ten billion years and a diameter between 10,000 and 15,000 kilometers. Class P planets are located in the ecosphere of a star system. A glaciated planet is categorized by a surface comprised of 80%+ water ice and an atmosphere consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and trace elements. Lifeforms found on class P planets include hardy vegetation, animal life, and occasionally native humanoids. It is widely believed that Breen is also a class P planet. However, according to Weyoun, it was in fact a lush world with a temperate climate, in which case it would have to be categorized as class M. (DS9: "When It Rains...")
Examples of class P planets:
External link Edit
- Planetary classification at Memory Beta, the wiki for licensed Star Trek works
- Planet classification at Ex Astris Scientia


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I am interested in exploring the degree of "tangledness"
of two rigid chains in space.
A polygonal chain is a simple (non-self-intersecting) path
of segments in
$\mathbb{R}^3$, viewed as a rigid body. Think of it as a bent
wire in space.
Define a move of a chain as either a translation of the whole chain
in a fixed direction, or a rotation of the chain about a fixed
point axis.
I.e., a translation moves each point $p$ of the chain along the path
$p(t) = p + t v$ for a fixed direction $v$ as $t$ varies from $0$ to $1$.
Say that two chains are separable if there is a sequence of moves
during which the chains never touch one another, and eventually
end up on opposite sides of a plane.
Q1. If each chain consists of $n$ segments, is there an upper bound as a function of $n$ (and independent of the geometry of the chains) on the number of moves needed to separate a separable pair?
Here is an example for which I believe $O(n)$ moves suffices to separate:
A more focussed question seeks difficult-to-untangle chains:
Q2. Is there a pair of chains that requires $\Omega(n^2)$ moves to separate?
My explorations have not led to an example that clearly requires
many moves to separate. For example, I think this pair of spirals also only
needs $O(n)$ moves.
A simplification would also be of interest:
Q3. The same questions but with "moves" restricted to translations.
Thanks for ideas or pointers to relevant literature!

subset: commoncrawl


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Antico Frantoio Muraglia 'Intenso' Extra Virgin Olive Oil at Dean & Deluca
Consider this an intervention. Those of you still buying bottles of Paul Newman's or Annie's or God forbid, Wish Bone salad dressings at the grocery store - it's over. I'm sorry but it's over. Additives? Corn Syrup? Xanthan Gum? That's not who you are.
You are someone with exquisite taste who appreciates and understands quality. And, you're about to become someone who confidently knows how to dress their own salad. Do not underestimate how important this is. I want you to experience real pleasure and satisfaction when you sit down to eat. The days of settling for mediocrity are over. Now, let's get down to business.
Buy the best ingredients you can afford.
Every time you use quality ingredients, your food is going to taste better. Period. You can buy the inexpensive extra virgin olive oils at Whole Foods and Trader Joe's and use them to cook with, that's fine. But if you are buying the freshest, best tasting produce for your salads at your local farmers' market, I want to suggest that you spend more money for high quality oils and vinegars. Ones that you use only for drizzling over foods and making into vinaigrettes, not heating.
Ratios of oil to vinegar
The traditional ratio for vinaigrette is three parts oil to one part vinegar. This ratio doesn't really work for me. I enjoy a brighter flavor. The ratio for my palate is almost equal parts oil to vinegar. To find the right acidity level for you, simply taste the dressing as you're adding the oil and stop or add more to your liking. Know that if it's too acidic, you can simply add more oil to balance it out. You are the master of your dressing domain.
The quick drizzle method
Some days, I don't feel like making a full-on vinaigrette; I want super quick results. So here's what I do: Take the bottle of olive oil, cover the spout part ways with your finger and slowly drizzle lightly over your salad. Do the same with the vinegar, sprinkle some good sea salt, fresh ground pepper, gently toss with your hands and you're done. It's might seem like a crap shoot but it works. If you're unsure, start by adding less versus more because you can always add but you can't take away.
The authentic vinaigrette method
Grab a clean, empty jar with a lid. Add your minced garlic or shallots in the jar with your acid (i.e.vinegar, lemon juice, orange juice, verjus, yuzu, etc.) and your salt. The acid will help mellow the sharpness of the garlic and shallot, deepen the flavors and also help "melt" the salt. Salt doesn't melt well in oil. Let it sit for a few minutes - say 5 to 10. Then add your oil, screw the lid on tight and shake like mad. You can also make the dressing in a bowl and whisk the oil in slowly. You want to make sure it's emulsified. Do not make dressing in a metallic bowl unless it is stainless steel. Your acid will be altered in flavor and not in a good way.
Here are two simple recipes to try from the great new cookbook, Michael Symon's Live to Cook: Recipes and Techniques to Rock Your Kitchen
Sherry Vinaigrette
1 tablespoon minced shallot
1 tablespoon minced garlic
1/2 cup sherry vinegar
1 teaspoon Dijon mustard
1/4 teaspoon kosher salt
1 cup extra virgin olive oil
Combine the shallot, garlic, vinegar, mustard and salt in a medium mixing bowl. Whisk in a few drops of the oil and then begin adding the oil in a thin stream, whisking continuously until all the oil is incorporated.
Lemon Vinaigrette
1 tablespoon minced shallot
1 teaspoon minced garlic
1/2 cup fresh lemon juice
1/4 teaspoon kosher salt
3/4 cup extra virgin olive oil
1 tablespoon chopped fresh dill (optional)
Combine the shallot, garlic, lemon juice and salt in a medium mixing bowl. Whisk in a few drops of the oil and then begin adding the oil in a thin stream, whisking continuously until all the oil is incorporated. If using dill, add right before serving.
Storing your dressing
According to Michael Symon, if your homemade dressing contains aromatics - garlic, shallots, herbs, it will only last about a day. If not, it will last up to one week in the fridge.
I asked some talented food professionals to offer up their tips on salad making as well as some of their favorite oils and vinegars.
Christine Cikowski, Chef/Founder of Sunday Dinner and Eat Green Foods
Olio Verde Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Estate bottled in Sicily, unfiltered and made from Nocellara Olives.
Villa Manodori Balsamic
Made in small quantities, matured for 10 to 20 years. Aged in barrels of juniper, chestnut and oak.
Salad making tips
Mix your salad in a large bowl with your hands for even coat of the dressing. Don't over dress your salad. Start with a little and add slowly.
Iliana Regan, Artisan and Chef of One Sister Pierogi and the underground dining sensation - Mermaid Dinners
BLiS sherry vinegar - BLiS ages extra old, fine sherry vinegar in 18 year old, maple cured, single bourbon casks. It's AMAZING.
Salad making tips
As for sourcing, I use my own garden. Most people probably don't know that you need fairly little soil - just a two inch even layer of moist soil - and you can just throw lettuce seeds on top, no rows or planting - to have an awesome patch of lettuce. And I use lots of my own sprouts and microgreens, like sunflower and radish in my salads at home. HERBS, fine herbs, tarragon, chervil, parsley and chive, make an awesome addition of flavor on top of any salad. And, I keep it simple: lettuces, sprouts, bright herbs, a touch oil, touch vin, a little lemon or citrus zest - Grapefruit is awesome if it's hot and you're outside drinking sauvignon blanc - and finally salt and pepper. I like to play with peppers. I use a five pepper blend. One of my many favorite kitchen tools is the juicer. How that works for salads? Juice the greens, season with salt, and pour the juice onto a lined sheet tray and freeze. After it's frozen, drag a fork along in rows to make granita, mist with a little sherry vinegar and serve as a palate cleanser for a summer barbeque!
Alisa Barry, Creator/Owner at Bella Cucina
Bella Cucina's Taste of Tuscany. It's an estate grown and bottled oil, made exclusively for Bella Cucina that evokes my favorite flavors of the Tuscan hill towns. In Tuscany, the olives are picked in November while they are still green. This gives the oil its rich color and fruity, peppery and green flavor. Another fave is Bariani California Olive Oil. Estate grown and bottled in northern California.
Verjus from Terra Sonoma in Northern California. This California winery lets nothing go to waste. Fine wine is left to age into a delicate and slightly sweet vinegar in the traditional French style. I love it as a seasoning for cooked bitter greens like lacinato kale and escarole.
Kim Shambrook of Bespoke Cuisine
Some of my favorite olive oils are by Yellingbo – produced in Australia and quite tasty – herbaceous, yet not too heavy. I'm also a big fan of the Greek extra-virgin olive oils. I find them to have a great depth of flavor, the color is beautiful, and all you need is a little lemon juice and salt & pepper to make a simple vinaigrette.
Salad making tip
I use a Microplane grater to add lemon zest to my vinaigrettes.
Chef Paul Virant of Vie
I love Spanish olive oils made from Picual or Arbequina olives. As far as vinegars, we use Champagne or Cava vinegar the most in conjunction with leftover preserving liquids that usually have infused flavor. (read idea, below) Our source for Spanish olive oils and Cava vinegar is La Tienda.com.
Salad making tip
Say you've made or bought some pickled dilly beans and the liquid is garlicky and spicy. Bring up the the acidity level by adding some fresh lemon juice and add some oil and your done. This could be a nice marinade or dressing.
Terra Brockman, Farmer, Speaker and Author of The Seasons on Henry's Farm
Napa Valley Naturals extra virgin organic olive oil.
Salad making tips
Buy salad greens from a local farmer you know, and to ask them which variety of lettuce is best at the time you are buying, since some varieties are much better in the cool, wet spring, but get bitter in the summer. Add Herbs! To liven up your salad, add some fresh herbs -- parsley, dill, tarragon, thyme or sorrel . . . whatever strikes your fancy. Add Flowers! You can find these at some farmers markets, or grow your own: johnny jump-ups, calendula, chive flowers, sage flowers, nasturtiums.
Tracy Kellner, Wine Babe & Owner of Provenance Food & Wine
Right now anything by A l'Olivier - I've tried their passion fruit, tomato, espelette, chili & fig...mild acidity and lots of the fruit's pulp is left in for a thicker, more flavorful texture. I've used them with any oil because the flavor is so good.
Salad making tips
I save small jars with lids and use them to make/shake/store my homemade dressings in smaller amounts so there is less waste. However, in summertime when there are so many great tasting veggies at their peak, I tend to use either one really high-quality oil OR vinegar, depending what flavor I want to complement or enhance in the dish or salad. That with a sprinkling of good salt and freshly-ground pepper, is all I need!
Flora Lazar, Artisan at Flora Confections
I love the Cassis Balsamic vinegar from Old Town Oil.
Salad making tip
I love, like Balthazar in NYC, to put a tiny bit of truffle oil in my salad dressing. I also love cut up pate de fruit in my salad, especially the raspberry and blueberry varieties. (Flora makes these beauties by hand using local, seasonal fruit. They're available online and Saturdays at Green City Market.)


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#recycling #sculpture
Mechanical Sculptures Built from Discarded Objects by Andrea Petrachi
Milan-based Artist Andrea Petrachi creates bizarre characters and insects using reclaimed objects such as old cameras, calculators, pliers, knives, and even electric razors. Despite their sleek design, the characters are quite whimsical, often taking the persona of faces and heads removed from dolls and other children's toys. Petrachi says his work is generally a symbol of our cultures out-of-control consumerism. See much more in his portfolio. (via daily art fixx)


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1. Is there a sprite browser, and how do I use it? Even better are there any sprite sheets which can be downloaded?
2. What format do the original graphics use? Is it 8 bit paletted images? Or 32bit images? Do things like sprite recolouring happen?
By the way, how do you think serious radiation works in Theme Hospital. Do they use the "ghosts" and iterate over them?
Part 1: Ground tiles from VBLK-0https://www.dropbox.com/s/n4bhnkvb4kwy38n/ground_tiles.zipThe first 80 sprites


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Books, Movies, Music
JCPL Catalog
Reading programs and Book Groups
Kids & Teens
Kids Zone
Teens Only
For Parents and Teachers
Student Portal
Main Content
The Pickle Principle Up and Running At JCPL!
The Pickle Principle was hatched by Bob Farrell, an entrepreneur who personally received a letter from a disgruntled customer whose waitress wanted to charge him for an extra slice of pickle on his hamburger.
Have you heard of the Pickle Principle? At JCPL, the Pickle Principle has become a daily way of making sure that everybody who visits us "gets the pickle!"
The Pickle Principle was hatched by Bob Farrell, an entrepreneur who personally received a letter from a disgruntled customer whose waitress wanted to charge him for an extra slice of pickle on his hamburger.
Farrell's answer to that angry customer became the stuff that motivational speeches are made of, and we want our customers to feel as though they get an "extra pickle" every time they come into one of our libraries. Read on to get an idea of some "extra pickles" that we have stored up for you on our new fiction shelves!
Conflict arises among a brother and two sisters who discover that they each have a different father, wreaking havoc on their previously privileged existence. The discovery that Alexander, Earl of Caterham, the man who has been married to their mother for over twenty years, is not their biological father sets a chain of events in motion that brings the family to the brink of destruction in "Wicked Pleasures" by Penny Vincenzi.
After his wife leaves him, Ellis Hock returns to his true Eden, Malawi, an African village on the remote lower river. It was there that he spent four years with the Peace Corps; four of the happiest years of his life. Returning to Malawi, Ellis finds destruction and ruin, but the people of the village remember him well, welcoming him back. But is his new life truly an escape, or will it turn out to be a trap for Ellis? Find out in "The Lower River" by Paul Theroux.
Underage, homeless and traveling through foreign lands, two brothers, Aryan and his younger brother Kabir, are on a quest; a quest to find a new life in Europe. Leaving their home in Afghanistan, the two boys repeat their mantra, "Kabul-Tehran-Istanbul-Athens-Rome-Paris-London" over and over as they journey on, displaced children struggling against cold, violence, and hunger, clinging to their itinerary and their hope for a better life in "Hinterland" by Caroline Brothers.
There are those things in life we keep, and others that we have to let go; this lesson is learned all too well by Lucy Bloom, dumped by her boyfriend and left penniless besides. Selling her own home to make ends meet, Lucy takes on the task of organizing and cleaning out the cluttered home of Marva Meier Rios, a reclusive, eccentric painter who could be accused of hoarding a few things. As Lucy's clutter-clearing gets underway, she is faced with the possibility that getting rid of a few things for Marva won't be as easy as she first thought, as Marva is more than a little attached to her clutter, AND she has a secret; one that brings the two women together to form an unlikely friendship in "Objects of My Affection" by Jill Smolinski.
After losing her job from a government laboratory, microbiologist Hallie Leland vows never to look back. When she is summoned by the White House to investigate and isolate a virus that is contaminating and killing off American soldiers serving in Afghanistan, the threat is described by the President as "Potentially the worst threat since Pearl Harbor." As the virus poses a threat that looms large in Afghanistan, it begins to filter into American territory. Forming a team of scientists, Hallie must beat the clock to find a cure, fighting the invisible enemy and the deadly assassin who has orchestrated the outbreak in "The Deep Zone" by James M. Tabor.
Are you finding yourself "in a pickle" with nothing good to read? The Jasper County Public Library is at your service, providing the perfect pick of pickles possible, proof positive that we can "give 'em the pickle" every time!


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The 5th edition of The Louie Vito Rail Jam will take place December 26th 2009. This was the biggest event that the Madriver Ski & Snowboard Resort (where Louie 1st snowboarded) had last year with just shy of 400 competitors and after all the national publicity Louie has received recently this event will be OUT OF CONTROL! Plus, Windells is giving away a week to The "Funnest" Place on Earth as the Grand Prize.
Windells would also like congratulate Louie on his podium at the Grand Prix last weekend. It is always nice to see competitors like Louie snowboard at Windells summer after summer for years, take it to the next level. Keep It Up.
Related posts:Dancing with Vito!Windells Athletes Dominate Competition Stops14 is Your Lucky Number


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Snowpack in the Sierra region provides a natural form of water storage, and Sierra forests and meadows play a role in ensuring water quality and reliability.
Further, 75 percent of the fresh water that flows into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) comes from the Sierra. The Delta is the hub of the State of California's water system, providing water to more than 25 million Californians and three million acres of agricultural land.
Together, these two regions act as California's natural water infrastructure, and are critical pieces of a complex system that provides clean, reliable water for the state.
Do you live in the Los Angeles Basin, the City of Los Angeles, San Francisco, or the East Bay? Do you know where your water comes from? Please join us for a dynamic look at where your water comes from, the threats it faces, and how the Sierra Nevada Conservancy and its partners are working to protect California's water for the long term.
The Sierra-Delta Connection
In 2014 the Sierra Nevada Conservancy (SNC) and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Conservancy (Delta Conservancy) Governing Boards held a joint meeting in Sacramento to discuss shared issues impacting both regions. Presentations were given by experts on the impacts of climate change on the Sierra and the Delta, State policies linking the two regions, and how ecosystem services tie the Sierra and the Delta together.
The Boards, recognizing the shared challenges facing water supply and reliability in their two regions, adopted a joint resolution recognizing the important connection between the Sierra and the Delta and agreeing to work collaboratively to address policies that impact both regions.
Sierra Nevada forests and watersheds provide services essential to meeting Delta co-equal goals of ecosystem health and water reliability. These services are becoming increasingly important as a means to address issues such as climate change, resulting shifting hydrologic patterns, and the State's mandate for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to the water flowing into the Delta, Sierra forests also provide:
- Biodiversity
- Wildlife Habitat
- Recreation
- Scenic Landscapes
- Alternative Forms of Power
- Food and Fiber
- Carbon sequestration and storage opportunities
Today, many Sierra forests are overgrown and at increased risk for catastrophic wildfires that can negatively impact California's water quality and supply and many other services provided by the Region. Improving forest and watershed health, restoring meadows in the upper watersheds and reducing risk of large, damaging fires can help to:
- Ensure water supply and improved water quality for downstream users in both rural and urban communities;
- Protect wildlife habitat and support biodiversity;
- Store carbon and combat climate change;
- Sustain local economies by creating jobs, producing alternative energy , increasing recreation and producing food and fiber;
- Improve fire safety;
- Reduce risk of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions; and,
- Enhance visual aesthetics.
Because the benefits of Sierra forest and watershed restoration accrue primarily outside of the Sierra Nevada Region, long-term enduring solutions cannot overlook the Sierra-Delta connection or ignore the benefits restoration and maintenance have in the Delta and the rest of the state.
The SNC is committed to supporting projects that improve forest health, reduce risk of catastrophic fire, restore watershed and meadow function, and conserve land to protect key public benefits, such as water quality and quantity. We achieve our goals through efforts including awarding millions of dollars in Proposition 84 grants, coordinating the Sierra Nevada Forest and Community Initiative and completing actions called out for us in the Bioenergy Action Plan.
The SNC also worked with the U.S. Forest Service, and The Nature Conservancy to release a new study that shows that investing in proactive forest management can save the public millions of dollars. The Mokelumne Watershed Avoided Cost Analysis Project was developed in consultation with a broad range of local and regional stakeholders and compared the cost of proactive forest investments with the costs associated with the large, damaging wildfires that have devastated California over the last decade.
When people in California turn on their tap, eat local produce, go camping in the woods or visit one of the area's many historic parks or cultural sites, they are enjoying the bounty that comes from a high-quality, reliable water supply. Investing in activities in California's primary watershed will ensure that these public goods last long into the future.
Additional Resources
California's Water: Protecting Headwaters
According to this publication from the Public Policy Institute of California Water Policy Center, Protecting Headwaters, mountainous regions provide most of the state's water supply. But major problems loom— from a growing risk of wildfires to a shrinking snowpack. This brief outlines ways California and the federal government—the largest landowner in headwater areas—could address critical problems in these areas.
What is California's Delta?
Many Californians have never heard of the Delta or why it's important to the state's economy and wildlife. In three minutes, this KQED video will explain how the Delta is a key part of California's water supply and why it's been the focus of a decades-long water battle.
Delta Plan
The Delta Protection Act of 2009 formed the Delta Stewardship Council and tasked them with developing and implementing a comprehensive management plan for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The primary goal of the Delta Plan is to guide state and local agencies to achieve the coequal goals of providing a more reliable water supply for California and protecting, restoring, and enhancing the Delta ecosystem.
California Water Plan Update for 2018
The California Water Plan provides a planning framework for elected officials, agencies, Tribes, water and resource managers, businesses, academia, stakeholders, and the public to develop findings and recommendations and make informed decisions for California's water future.
The Bay Delta Conservation Plan
The Bay Delta Conservation Plan (BDCP) is a long term conservation strategy that sets for actions needed for a healthy Delta. It is intended to be implemented over the next 50 years and it will provide the basis for the issuance of endangered species permits for the operation of the state and federal water permits. The BDCP is being prepared by local water agencies, environmental and conservation groups, and state and federal agencies.
A sustainable water supply is not only requisite for health, it is critical for a thriving economy, for growing food, for recreation and for maintaining the productive ecosystems on which human activity depends.


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Several million years ago, human ancestors began striding around on two legs, in what was a key moment in the evolution of modern humans. But the question of whether each species of prehuman left treetops behind and made their home in grasslands has not always been easy to discern from fossils, which can provide conflicting evidence.
Now, a team of scientists from Dartmouth College that has been studying a former hunter-gatherer population in Uganda has found clues among living humans that further muddies the picture, making it clear that even a modern human foot can be useful in impressive feats of climbing.
The group of people the researchers focused on, the Twa of Uganda, are former hunter-gatherers who in the last 15 years have had to leave the forest. The Twa are remarkable climbers, able without ropes and harnesses to clamber high into treetops to harvest honey.
The researchers took videos of the men to see whether they could understand the biomechanics of their climbing abilities and found that the Twa were able to bend their ankles to an extreme degree, bringing their shins close to the tree. In normal people, such flexing in the ankle would cause injury or broken bones.
"It is similar to what you see in chimpanzees, the angle we measured," said Vivek Venkataraman, a graduate student at Dartmouth who led the research.
The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, does not prove that Lucy or any other prehuman species with a humanlike foot was spending a lot of time in the trees or was primarily a climber. But the study suggests that the urge to neatly divide prehuman species into categories — some that dwelled in the grasslands and others that lived in the trees like apes — may be too simplistic a way of thinking about the way those species lived.
Ignorance isn't just bliss; it might be a scientific necessity
I'm always struck when I hear a scientist talk about the virtues of not knowing things. This does not mean being stupid, dumb, or uneducated. Instead, scientists say again and again that the state of mind where you really don't know the answer — and you know you don't — can be the most productive way to attack a problem.
The great physicist Richard Feynman said it best, probably: "Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts." But it bears repeating and it's one of those ideas that resonates outside of the lab, too.
In a Q&A that appeared in the journal Nature last year, the physicist William Phillips, a Nobel laureate who works at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Md., said that scientists are fortunate to live in ignorant times.
"We live in an incredibly exciting time for physics. We don't know what 96 percent of the universe is made of. . . . When I was a graduate student we didn't know what we didn't know about the universe. Now we know what we don't know — and that is really a good place to be," Phillips told Nature.
In a paper published in Behavioural Processes a few years ago, Nate Kornell, a psychology professor at Williams College, studied the virtues of ignorance, finding that too much information can hold a person back from learning.
Kornell and his coauthor, Lisa K. Son, recounted one informal test of the pitfalls of being too knowledgeable, in which mathematicians and historians were quizzed on a list of categories and names. They were asked to say whether 90 names were properly matched in one of three categories: math, history, or sports. Experts in each field were more reluctant to respond "don't know" when facing questions about the turf that they had spent their lives studying, versus domains outside their area of expertise. They also more often said that made-up names belonged in a category when it was their specialty.
Erin K. O'Shea, a Harvard University professor and the new chief scientific officer of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, said in an interview earlier this year that one of the problems with how science is funded is that in the race to get funding, people often propose experiments for which they already know the outcome.
"They are judged in a way such that it needs to be clear you can do the work and it's not too risky and no matter what happens we're going to learn something," O'Shea said. "And that leads to incremental work, the next obvious step."
So, in 2013, let go of some of those preconceptions and blunder around a little. Who knows what you'll find?
BU researchers give antibiotics a 'helper' to fight infections
Researchers from Boston University have developed a new approach to attack bacterial infections by making them more susceptible to traditional antibiotics. The novel technique could allow scientists to identify sidekick drugs that spur bacteria to increase their production of compounds that damage their own DNA, and make it easier for conventional therapies to deal a fatal blow.
The strategy, described Sunday in the journal Nature Biotechnology, could offer a powerful approach to fighting an increasing number of resistant infections, which has become a national priority.
Instead of focusing on new classes of antibiotics, the Boston University team looked at ways to enhance existing drugs.
"It's in the spirit of, 'Look, we've got pretty good antibiotics — can we find ways to extend their shelf lives and make them better?' " said James J. Collins, a BU biomedical engineer who led the work.
In the new study, researchers examined a vast flow chart of the metabolism of E. coli to understand how the bacteria naturally create compounds, called reactive oxygen species, that damage the fundamental building blocks of a cell, such as DNA and proteins. They looked for and found genes that reduce production of the harmful compounds. Blocking those genes could have the opposite effect and increase the amount of reactive oxygen species. When they deleted those genes and treated the bacteria with traditional antibiotics, the combination approach made the antibiotics markedly more effective at killing bacteria.
Carolyn Y. Johnson can be reached at email@example.com. Follow her on Twitter @carolynyjohnson.


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Located in the tech-savvy Research Triangle region of North Carolina, the City of Raleigh (population 420,000) has benefited from many spin-off industries that have emerged at the three flagship research campuses (NC State University, UNC-Chapel Hill, and Duke University). In 2007, technical advances in light-emitting diode (LED) efficiency and a partnership with a local LED startup allowed the city to be at the forefront of an emerging market for solid-state, white-light, general illumination lighting products that had otherwise been barely tested in real-world situations.
Beginning with a pilot project in January 2007 to replace high-pressure sodium light fixtures with LEDs in one level of a municipal parking deck, the city has since completed more than 75 LED lighting projects in dozens of municipal facilities, while carefully tracking performance and efficiency. From streetlights to low-bay, gallery lighting to architectural, interior, and exterior applications, the good news is that manufacturers' claims for the products the city installed have generally proven true — both for durability and efficiency. There were some excellent surprises and a few disappointments along the way. But after six years of experience, the city continues to invest in LED lighting across the enterprise as prices continue to drop, and efficiency and choice continue to expand.
Why LEDs?
Raleigh has a broad-ranging sustainability program, of which energy efficiency is only one part. In 2011, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce named Raleigh the "Most Sustainable Mid-Sized City" in the United States. Solid-state lighting is an emerging, energy-conserving, non-polluting technology that can result in direct cost savings to citizens. It also represents economic development in the area, considering the fact that a local LED manufacturer added hundreds of high-paid jobs in this market during the 2008 to 2012 recession.
The local economy depends on attracting knowledgeable workers and innovators in emerging fields. A municipal policy to stay at the forefront of innovation and sustainability sends the right message to citizens and companies wishing to locate in the region. High-tech, cost-saving, and energy-efficient programs that generate good-paying jobs make for great local politics, and Raleigh has benefited from strong support for this program by its elected officials. In addition, investment by the federal government in the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program (EECBG) provided resources beginning in 2009 to help leverage a number of projects at little or no cost to local taxpayers.
The technology works
Municipal facilities have proven to be an excellent solid-state lighting testing ground. Not only do local governments use a wide variety of interior and exterior lighting applications, but the benefits LED technology accrue directly to the owners (citizens) and governments can also offset the high initial capital cost of retrofit with a life-cycle costing analysis that accounts for the long-term benefits of energy and maintenance efficiency. In Raleigh's case, one early surprise was the positive reaction of citizens to the quality of light from new LED installations, coupled with energetic early acceptance (even evangelism) by what one might think would be the least likely of champions — the hard-nosed, bottom-line-oriented facility managers.
Raleigh officials keep records on public feedback for all test projects, but scientific sampling and focus groups were involved in at least two projects early on in the implementation of LED lighting projects. The original pilot in the municipal parking deck (low-bay retrofits of HPS fixtures to LED on one level of the deck) resulted in 75% of users indicating they felt the LED level of the deck was both brighter and safer than other levels, while casting approximately 11% fewer footcandles. Streetlights at both 4,700K and 6,000K color temperatures were tested by a focus group of citizens with an overwhelmingly positive response to LED streetlights in general over traditional street lighting — and a modest preference for the warmer color temperature when compared side-by-side with LEDs at the cooler color temperature.
Surprisingly, what caused the most dramatic reaction with facility managers wasn't the quality of light or the energy-efficiency of the early projects. It was the implications for maintenance savings promised by this new technology that caught their attention. With an ever-increasing need for facility maintenance staff to have more advanced skills — licensed plumbers, electricians, etc., to handle sophisticated building systems — the promise of being able to free staff up from routine tasks, such as cleaning light fixtures or changing bulbs, quickly adds up to financial savings that approach and sometimes exceed energy savings.
For example, an analysis done in 2008 for a new underground parking facility showed the savings calculated only from the avoidance of the roughly 14-month cycle of replacement of traditional metal-halide bulbs, coupled with approximately 60% savings in energy demand paid for the difference in initial cost of LED fixtures in about 3.5 years. Low-bay lighting and pole-mounted lighting in city-owned exterior parking and pedestrian areas have proven to be the city's best investments so far. All new exterior lighting in the city's 221 park units and in the Municipal Building complex over the past four years has been LED-based, resulting in excellent citizen feedback and substantially lowered maintenance and energy costs. In addition, a recently completed Climate Energy Action Plan completed by the Office of Sustainability showed conversion of the city's remaining downtown structured parking decks to LED lighting was one of the top 10 strategies enterprise-wide for investment in climate-related projects because of its short payback.
Other LED projects in the city's inventory include a nearly complete retrofit of the Performing Arts Center, including lobby lighting, show poster lighting, architectural exterior lighting, and exterior pedestrian area lighting. The city has also installed LEDs in the following spaces: on greenway underpasses on its 80-mile system of urban greenways; on a pedestrian bridge spanning a major interstate highway; and in interior applications in community centers, the mayor's office, elevators, and in the LEED Silver Raleigh Convention Center. Three solar-powered LED lighting projects have been completed. Two major works of art have been constructed in downtown Raleigh with programmable LED lighting displays as major elements of the design, and three major new facilities (a water treatment plant, transit operations facility, and solid waste operating facility) include 100% exterior LED lighting.
One of Raleigh's concerns early on in the program was the length of usable service for light fixtures. Because LEDs are expected to slowly dim over time — until they reach a replacement point represented by L70 (or 70% of the original luminosity of the LEDs) — manufacturers' promises about how slowly their products will reach this point were extremely important. After 2.5 years in service, light levels in one of the city's early installations (544 low-bay fixtures in an underground parking deck) were re-measured by engineers responsible for the original design. This measurement showed the LEDs were dimming at about one-half the rate expected if they were to meet the manufacturer's projected lifespan. This is good news for the economic analysis used to model savings in the deck and will likely result in the extension of the usable lifetime of these fixtures.
Not without problems
Quality has become a decreasing issue in the industry. In fact, many of the major reputable lighting companies have now embraced LED technology and offer a variety of high quality products. However, this was not true early in the emergence of general illumination LED lighting.
On several projects, Raleigh learned some interesting lessons, particularly about water. The region is generally blessed with ample rainfall, but moisture is not a friend to any light fixture, particularly a solid-state fixture. Early landscape up-light fixtures (both in urban environments and on a major pedestrian bridge) were a disappointment, primarily because the shrink-swell resulting from a wide temperature range resulted in failed seals. Water was also a factor, for
different reasons, in a failed test of high-bay fixtures in an aquatic center, where the first-generation fixtures were not well designed for the harsh, humid environment of a pool enclosure.
High-bay is a very desirable application for LEDs because of the difficulty and expense of changing bulbs in traditional fixtures. The city operates a number of aquatic centers, gyms, etc., where solid-state high-bay lighting would be cost-effective, but competitive athletic facilities must meet stringent standards for lighting. Very little test data for LEDs is available relative to these standards. Despite these few shortcomings, LED fixtures in a wide variety of interior and exterior city applications have performed exceptionally for several years, with a number of exterior fixtures surviving an EF3 tornado while remaining operational. For those relatively few fixtures that failed for reasons other than water, power supplies (rather than the solid-state componentry) were generally at fault. Manufacturers' warranties in these cases were solid, with all failed fixtures under warranty replaced quickly at no cost to the city.
Altered landscape since 2007
The first LED fixtures installed by the city generated roughly 40 lumens per watt (lpw) — a dramatic achievement at that time. Six years hence, it is now common to see 100 delivered lumens per watt routinely in newer fixtures, with 140 lpw or more coming to market and over 200 lpw delivered by LEDs on the test bench. This has resulted in a steady improvement in quality and efficiency as well as a steady decrease in cost for most LED products. The "scariness" of this emerging technology has abated as more and more municipalities make investments in LED lighting with good results. It is also a time when more political skepticism is being expressed about "sustainability" initiatives, and fewer dollars are available for emerging energy-efficiency technologies on the federal level. Local government revenues and employment since 2008 have dropped precipitously due to the recession, and competition for capital for worthy public projects is acute.
The biggest constraint on most local government finances, however, is on the operating budget side. Communities are searching for ways to reduce the day-to-day cost of government and operate with smaller staffs. This remains an opportunity for the solid-state lighting industry, whose products represent long-term maintenance and energy savings in annual operating budgets.
Although the "bleeding-edge" fear that has inhibited many governments from experimenting with LED has subsided, procurement policies that favor low base bid over life-cycle cost analyses remain. Many states are expanding opportunities for state contract pricing for solid-state lighting, helping smaller communities that are less likely to analyze long-term savings carefully. Communities often budget one to two years ahead of time for investments in infrastructure, so becoming aware of the budget calendar is a wise strategy for solid-state lighting innovators wishing to capture some of this market.
Future opportunities
A U.S. Department of Energy study published in 2008, "Energy Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting Applications," identified two niches where solid-state lighting can have the greatest energy impact nation-wide: street lighting and interior office lighting. Communities are making substantial LED investments in both. Los Angeles, for example, is in the midst of a 140,000 light streetlight retrofit project. U.S. DOE's Municipal Solid State Lighting Consortium is followed by many local governments and offers excellent research and data on emerging new solid-state lighting product types. Office ceiling troffers and downlights are becoming competitive with fluorescent lighting in cost and are more compatible with building control technologies. Many states and electric utilities offer incentives for installation of energy-efficient light fixtures.
Raleigh continues to expand its investment in solid-state lighting based on a six-year track record of successful pilots, both interior and exterior. Facility managers are particularly interested in controllable lighting that can further leverage this investment through our building automation systems, and in ball field, indoor aquatic, and gymnasium lighting that meets competition standards. But above all, Raleigh is — as are many emerging cities — constantly trying to stay at the forefront of the use of technology to improve the lives of our citizens at lowest possible cost. Solid-state lighting has proven itself to be an important part of Raleigh's strategy to remain a smart, connected, and efficient community into the future.
Howe is the assistant city manager for the City of Raleigh, N.C. He can be reached at [email protected].


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Gently used is nothing new to me. I am the youngest of 4 children, so wearing second-hand clothing, or hand-me-downs, was just a way of life when I was growing up. Especially clothing for special occasions. I think all of us girls had the same dress for our first communions.
When I became a teenager, my style differed greatly from my sisters. Their used clothing didn't appeal to me and with limited resources, I began to shop thrifty stores on my own. There was only one place to go to shop for second-hand clothes, the Salvation Army. I was into punk and new wave so shopping for new was out of the question anyway. Besides, who would want to cut up brand new items? My mother would have freaked!
Now, there are many stores to shop and people are much more accepting of the idea. This is awesome for us shoppers because that has translated into more people donating.
If you are still turning your nose up at shopping for gently used clothes, here's why you should give it a try:
7 Reasons You Should Shop Second Hand Stores
1. The Selection
Did you ever notice that when you shop at a mall, every store has the exact same style of clothing? It's great if you are young and size 0 because everything looks good on you. At used clothing stores, there is a wide selection of styles. If only A line skirts look good on you and they are not the trend right now, guess where you will find a variety of them to choose from?
2. Vintage
Thank goodness that people have cleaned out their closets and not thrown out these classic pieces in the garbage. You will easily find styles as far back as the 50's.
3. Quality
It's tough to find anything brand new these days that doesn't fall apart after one wash, unless you pay top dollar. But at gently used stores, you will find:
- Lining in skirts
- Double seams
- Zippers and buttons made to last
- Sturdy fabrics
4. Brand New
I can't tell you how many times I have bought items that still have the original price sticker on them. And what a thrill it is to see a price tag of $49 and snag it for $5.
5. Designer
You have to shop the racks thoroughly but designer labels can be found in thrift stores. They go fast so go regularly to find them.
6. Savings
You just can't beat the price. Become a regular, and you become privy to even deeper savings. Stores will regularly put discounts on over stock merchandise. Today, dresses were an additional 50% off.
7. Environmental
In a disposable society where land fills are overflowing, it is nice to know that these pieces can be saved and loved again.
Here's today's score:
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Subscribe To One Direction: This Is Us Updates
Out of left field and hitting a shocking number 5 over the Labor Day weekend was foreign flick Instructions Not Included which earned an impressive $10 million. It's rare for a foreign movie with limited nation-wide marketing and only showing in 300+ venues to do so well ($29,000 per venue... for comparison, Iron Man 3 opened around $40,000 per venue).
I'm back from a European vacation that resembled something out of National Lampoon's including me completely losing my wallet five hours before my plane took off, Mrs. Rotten Week's iPhone taking a toilet plunge in Munich, getting locked out of the apartment where we were staying, and listening to two-year-old Little Rotten Week say "Auf Wiedersehen" no less than ten thousand times at varying decibels.
As someone with no desire to see this film, I feel the trailer needs to work that much harder to sway likeminded people to actually want to put forth money to watch what looks to be a concert film with an overwhelming lack of concert footage.


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Science: Candidates' platforms offer similar goals but different paths
WASHINGTON — Both John McCain and Barack Obama strongly support government investment in science and technology. They say that expanded research and development are vital for America's health, economy and environment. Otherwise, they warn, the U.S. may be overtaken by Europe, China and elsewhere.
However, Democrat Obama leans more toward government help, while McCain's Republican approach includes lower taxes, incentives to private industry and less government regulation.
Obama says the federal budget for physical and biological sciences, mathematics and engineering should be doubled over the next 10 years.
McCain also supports increased government spending, but specifies no amount or timing. However, he's vowed to freeze domestic outlays for all purposes except for national security, veterans and a few other "vital" but unspecified programs in his first year in office.
"Ensuring that the U.S. continues to lead the world in science and technology will be a central priority for my administration," the Obama campaign said in answer to a set of questions posed by Sciencedebate, an independent group representing scientific organizations, universities, business leaders and elected officials.
"My policies will provide broad pools of capital, low taxes and incentives for research in America," the McCain campaign said in answering the same questions. "I am committed to streamlining burdensome regulations."
Both candidates would make existing tax credits for research and development permanent.
McCain would also offer a $300 million prize for advanced battery technology. He would give a $5,000 tax credit to anyone who buys a zero-emission car, which isn't yet available.
Obama promised to name a chief technology officer to ride herd on various cabinet departments involved in these matters. For his part, McCain said he would appoint a science and technology adviser within the White House.
Despite their general agreement on the importance of investments in science and technology, the candidates differ on some details:
Both candidates say they support research on stem cells that could replace damaged tissues and cure disease, but they disagree on the use of cells from human embryos.
Obama would end President Bush's ban on federal funding for research on human embryonic stem cells that dates to Aug. 9, 2001. He said adult stem cells are not an adequate substitute for embryonic cells, which he called the "gold standard" for research. He would foster the use of frozen embryonic stem cells already stored in fertilization clinics.
Like Obama, McCain would allow researchers to use left-over embryonic stem cells available from fertilization clinics, as well as cells taken from adults and from amniotic fluid. However, he opposes the intentional creation of such human cells for research purposes, and would make their use a federal crime.
Both candidates support human exploration of the moon and Mars and robotic science missions to other planets, solar systems and galaxies. Both want to complete the International Space Station. Both support NASA's Constellation program to replace the aging U.S. shuttle fleet. Both would allow an extra shuttle flight, beyond those now planned, to minimize the gap before the launch of its successor, Orion. Both favor involving the private sector and foreign partners in space missions.
McCain, a past chairman of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, has long supported programs for space science and exploration. His Sciencedebate answer says investment in space is important to "the future of our national security, environmental sustainability, economic competitiveness and national pride."
Obama would re-establish the former National Aeronautics and Space Council to coordinate military and civilian, commercial and scientific activities in space.
Both candidates say they believe in evolution and oppose the teaching of creationism or "intelligent design" in public school science classes.
"I support the strong consensus of the scientific community that evolution is scientifically validated," Obama told Sciencedebate.
"I believe in evolution," McCain said during a Republican primary debate last year. "But I also believe, when I hike the Grand Canyon and see it at sunset, that the hand of God is there also." In his 2005 book, Character Is Destiny, McCain wrote: "Darwin helped explain nature's life. ... He did not exclude God."
McCain's running mate, Sarah Palin, has supported the teaching of creationism as well as evolution in public school.
"Teach both," she said at a debate on Oct. 27, 2006, when she was running for governor of Alaska. "Healthy debate is so important, and it's so valuable in our schools. I am a proponent of teaching both."
McCain and Obama both support programs to improve Americans' performance in science, technology, engineering and mathematics — STEM for short.
McCain would offer bonuses to math and science teachers who take jobs in challenging schools. He wants community colleges to train workers in digital technologies. He'd give $250 million to states to support online education.
Obama proposes Teacher Residency Academies to add 30,000 new teachers to high-need schools, including training thousands of science and math teachers.
See the candidates' full answers to the Sciencedebate questions
Many doubt that McCain's health plan would help uninsured
Next president will reshape U.S. courts from top to bottom
On urban issues, Obama, McCain are true to their parties
Bailout vote underscores U.S. leadership crisis


text: Below you will find a list of discussions in the Warcraft 3 Hacks, bots and tools board at D3Scene.com. Hacking in Warcraft 3 is easy. There are many undetected maphacks and other cheats public available. If you are looking for hacks, bots and tools, make sure to have a look within. Be careful with bans!


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Tip Guru26 Nov, 2012 By: Cyrena Respini-Irwin
User Profile: A teacher at heart, Len Nemirovsky believes good things come from sharing his knowledge of AutoCAD.
Leonid "Len" Nemirovsky is well known to many CAD users in need of a helping hand. He created a web site to compile and freely share AutoLISP routines. He is also a prolific contributor to Cadalyst, having authored close to 150 AutoCAD tips published on the CAD Tips site, plus dozens of others that are not cataloged. Nemirovsky's mantra is, "Whenever ideas are shared, the result is always greater than the sum of the parts."
Cadalyst: Tell us about yourself.
Nemirovsky: I was born in Harbin, China, and my family moved to Latvia when I was 8 years old. It was a period of stagnation in the Soviet Union at that time; to get going with something new was nearly impossible. There was a shortage of almost everything. But above all, everybody had to pretend that everything was going well.
In 1979, when I was 32, I came to the United States, and have lived here happily ever since. The first couple of years here were very difficult, however, because I spoke very little English, and the lifestyle was totally different from what I was used to in Latvia.
I worked hard and adapted to life in the United States. I got married, bought a house, and — most importantly — I am free here.
You've had a long career in drafting. How did you get started?
I began as a drafter/designer in 1968, and at first it was just to support my studying at Latvian State University. I wanted to be a history teacher and — if lucky — an archaeologist. I graduated in 1972 with degrees in Modern History and Philosophy, and worked as a high school teacher, It was difficult back there to teach Modern History — kids did not believe in the official party line, and I as a teacher did not believe it either. So I decided to remain a technician, working as a drafter/designer in the same company where I started, where I'd gotten involved in hydroelectric and fish protection projects. I have always found engineering work interesting and challenging, from the manual drafting and simple calculations back in the USSR to AutoCAD in the U.S.
I also attended engineering school. Although I took engineering courses for three years, my schooling was interrupted by my move to the United States, and I did not graduate. After my move here, I did not have the time or knowledge of English to go back to school.
I currently work in the Hydro/Fisheries department of Jacobs Engineering near Seattle, where I've been for more than 18 years, as a structural design CAD technician. I use mostly AutoCAD and Civil 3D, plus AccuRender nXt for rendering. Our clients include fish and wildlife agencies and public utility districts. Mostly we design fish facilities to allow wild salmon to travel through the dams on the Columbia River.
Washington's Wanapum Dam is designed to help migrating salmon pass through it safely. Model (left) created by Leonid Nemirovsky; rendering by Illume. Photograph (right) courtesy of Grant County Public Utility District. Click image to enlarge.
One such passage has already been built in the Wanapum Dam in Grant County, Washington, and it was very rewarding to see it helping a lot of fish pass through, with very low fish mortality. It was also very interesting to compare the 3D model with the real thing; the model is pretty close to the real structure, from the concrete to the steel walkways and ladders.
Another view of the Wanapum Dam, a hydroelectric project on the Columbia River. Model (left) created by Leonid Nemirovsky; rendering by Illume. Photograph (right) courtesy of Grant County Public Utility District. Click image to enlarge.
What are the pros and cons of your job?
I like that my work comprises a little bit of everything: structural, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering. The best part is creating 3D models of everything from dams and spillways to gates, pipelines, and steel constructions. I am doing something I truly love: protecting fish, 3D design, a little bit of programming and AutoCAD customization, and sharing everything I know with my colleagues. I find that very rewarding.
I think the biggest challenge is the frequency of AutoCAD releases. Every year is way too often; users need more time to learn new features, otherwise the number of missed useful features accumulates, and that becomes a problem. Many clients use older versions of AutoCAD, so we have to work with the newer version and save files as the older version, and some features may be lost in the process.
Tell us about your web site.
I started using AutoCAD in 1985. Around 1990 I began learning AutoLISP, which is a great tool for customizing AutoCAD and making work easier and more efficient. In 1997 I started a small Internet page, "Better Than Nothing AutoLISP," with only one goal in mind: to share (hopefully) useful routines with anyone who needs help. Although lots of people provide that help for a price, I decided that I must do it for free. One small routine made available to everyone can start an avalanche of ideas and more programs. Everybody learns and gains knowledge in the process, and the result can be very surprising.
Due to high demand in 3D work I am not currently able to spend much time programming, and the site has become a bit outdated. I hope to update it and move it to a better location.
What hobbies do you enjoy?
I love Star Trek and other science fiction books and movies, as well as everything about real-life space exploration. I also draw cartoons once in a while.
Cartoon by Leonid Nemirovsky.
Editor's note: Following a battle with cancer, Len Nemirovsky passed away in May 2014 at age 66.


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Anniversary Flowers - Print #P-A5-123
Anniversary Flowers - Print #P-A5-123
Hand designed by Soph in NZ (or wherever we were in the World at that time).
Printed On: 300g soft, textured, FSC approved 100% recycled card.
Packaging: Displayed on 100% recycled protective cardboard in 100% compostable clear bag.
Printed: in the UK.
1 Print = 1 Tree! For every single Art Print you buy from us 1 tree is planted, raised and protected towards permanent reforestation in Madagascar. See our Trees+Earth page for details.
Specs: Card Print size is A5 (148mm x 210mm).
Frame not included.
POSTAGE: $4 per order, FREE on orders over $100 NZD.
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- Cambridge University Press at a Glance
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Department: Academic
After my year as a grad, I applied to two jobs in my "home" department - Academic. One of the jobs I applied for essentially followed on from my graduate summer project to scope and research the launch of new language editing services for authors. The second was the one I took and is my current role – University Publishing Manager.
This job involves being a liaison person between Cambridge University Press and the rest of the University, and identifying and launching new ways of working together. As an ex-academic, my background was well suited to at least 50% of this role, but the diversity of placements I did during the grad scheme really helped me navigate and understand the publishing side.
Importantly, the grad scheme also allowed me to meet a much wider range of colleagues and contacts across all departments of CUP, which helps me immensely when I have to identify the best person to speak to about a particular project! My job also involves a lot of "non business as usual" work and, again, the grad scheme was useful in allowing me to quickly see and participate in a wide range of ways of working and product types. Business as usual in one part of CUP isn't necessarily the same as another!


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Head for deep water, but know where you're goin'
Whenever the winds allow, the Gulf of Mexico blue water action is superb. There has been a lot of fresh water coming down the Mississippi River. Even so, there are good numbers of the deepwater fish cruising around out there, and they seem to be ever hungry. It is important to keep in mind that there are certain fish species that prefer blue water while others will be in the blue-green water. This situation will have a bearing on just how far out into the gulf it is necessary to go in order to locate your favorite fish species.
Whenever the offshore anglers head out, it is always a toss-up as to just how far they must go. Sometimes the blue water is only 25 to 30 miles out. At other times, even 40 miles is not far enough to find it. This type of water is necessary for such fish as amberjack, tuna, wahoo, grouper, big red snapper or billfish. King mackerel also prefer the deeper blue water, but they may also be numerous in the blue-green water, as will the red snapper and also the ling and vermillion snapper. There are also a large number of sharks that may be around in not only the deep blue water, but also all the way inshore into the not so clear water. Redfish seem to have invaded much of the offshore gulf, but keep in mind that it is illegal to retain a red fish of any size in federal waters. In my opinion this regulation has been in effect for far too many years. It seems that once a regulation is passed, it never gets changed.
Beginning where the water begins to break from sandy to green, there will be some fishable oilrigs nearby. Should snapper or ling be what you are primarily after, then by all means give these structures a try, at least. Many times I've been catching some big snapper and ling around rigs or other structure just past the 18 Mile Light and see other boats blow on past. Some of them could be going for the blue water fish, but I'm sure that most were after what we were catching.
I recommend that the folks that go what I call "rig hopping" check the area for baitfish. It is also likely that the game fish will show up on a depth finder, too. One corner of the rig will normally show both the bait and the predator fish. It is usually the corner that is down current of the tidal flow. That's not always the case. That is the reason it is prudent to circle the structure a time or two before setting upDon't do anything to interfere with the work going on around a working rig. I've also learned that many times the better action might be out away from the rig or other submerged structure. Rather than putting your offering right on the rigs leg or on top of a submerged rock or other structure, cast away from it. It seems that the larger fish tend to hang just off the main schools of fish.
Should there be no action at your initial stop, then don't waste your daylight hanging around very long. There are a lot of other places to try, and usually one or more of them will be productive.
There are a number of lures that will take both snapper and ling, but most of the offshore folks will take along plenty of natural bait. Squid, cigar minnows and cut bait are good choices, but I have found that live croaker or any other live bait that makes the croaking sound to be much superior. That is especially the case when going after big red snapper and ling.
Out in the blue water, the natural or live bait is prime, but those tackle busters out there will readily take lures most of the time. Big feather jigs, spoons and big diving lures are good choices. Just be sure that the lures as well as the fishing tackle are of good quality. Fishing around rigs or other structure requires the angler to be able to keep the hooked fish away from the barnacle covered areas. These will cut a line much as a razor blade would. I use a steel rubber-coated leader in such places. Sometimes it saves the fish and at other times the fish will make it into his home and cut the line anywayTrolling is very popular when heading after king mackerel. There are various lures that work well for king. Usually some sort of spoon will do the job. Here again, use a good leader. The king is capable of cutting your line without barnacles. Good places for not only king but also snapper and ling are around anchored shrimp boats. The big fish feed on their cull from their nets, but so will the sharks.
Offshore fishing is just super hereabouts. Learn the area or hire a guide and enjoy some breathtaking action. There are some boats in Galveston that offer super offshore trips. Be sure to learn where the state water ends and the federal water begins. The regulations are not the same in most cases.


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Ladies and gentlemen, presenting Nurse Nancy and her amazing tomcat condoms!
Nurse Nancy sometimes gets a bit frazzled. You would be too if you tried to put a feline-size condom on a tomcat.
You know, there's the sharp claws and teeth. The nurse might need a nurse by the time she's done.
In real life, Nurse Nancy goes by the name of Amy Angelilli, and she's the executive director of the Rocky Mountain Alley Cat Alliance, which operates The Feline Fix, a low-cost cat spaying and neutering clinic in Denver.
Angelilli appears in the comic role of the nurse in a series of online video clips. The tomcat condoms? They actually exist, but they're just a humorous way of getting a serious message out.
The series of Nurse Nancy clips is now available via three social media outlets. The purpose is to spread the word about birth control for pets.
"We just felt that we needed something that was funny, but still got the point across that the only way to prevent unwanted pet pregnancies and help fight the pet overpopulation problem was through spaying and neutering," says Angelilli.
The animal welfare executive is no stranger to comic acting
"I've been studying/performing improv for years — here and in Philadelphia, which is where I'm from," she says.
Nevertheless, playing Nurse Nancy, a parody of vintage high-school sex-ed films, was something different for her.
"I do unscripted acting, so this was a bit of a challenge!," Angelilli says.
The Nurse Nancy campaign is geared toward the 18-34 demographic because, according to PetSmart Charities and their national market research study, that is the group most likely to NOT have their pet fixed.
So to reach this age group, Nurse Nancy uses Facebook, Twitter and YouTube to drive viewers to a website that has a ready list of Front Range clinics that perform spays and neuters.
The program is the brainchild of The Feline Fix and the Animal Assistance Foundation (AAF), a Denver grant and research organization dedicated to improving animal welfare in Colorado.
"It was initiated by me and by AAF," Angelilli says. "Once we saw the PetSmart Charities report, we started discussing the demographic and thought that social media was the best way to go.
"AAF funded it with the intention of driving traffic to low-cost spay/neuter clinics along the Front Range," Angelilli says.
"By going to the Nurse Nancy website, www.nursenancypresents.com, viewers can sign up online for an appointment to have their pet spayed or neutered."
How did the Nurse Nancy character come about?
'"Well, the creative team wanted a 'spokesperson' that would be entertaining enough for people outside of the animal welfare industry to pass along to their friends via social media," Angelilli says.
"The creative team thought it would be fun to spoof those sex ed videos that you'd watcih in school and then Nurse Nancy was born," she says. "I came in late to a creative meeting and was greeted with 'Look, here comes Nurse Nancy now.' That's how I landed the acting gig. That will teach me to be on time!"
Nurse Nancy is going to be making public appearances this month with her own brand of Nurse Nancy cat condoms.
You can view the first video in the series at Nurse Nancy's blog: www.Nursenancypresents.wordpress.com.
You can also visit the Nurse Nancy website at: www.nursenancypresents.com, where you will find other ways to locate her on the right side of the page.
A spay and neuter milestone – SpayToday, a Lakewood spay/neuter clinic, recently marked its 5,000th surgery.
"Over the years, public awareness campaigns for spay/neuter have made great progress in reducing pet overpopulation," says Dr. Angelina Piccoli, clinic director.
"Thirty years ago, 10 percent of cats and dogs living in the United States were spayed or neutered; today, that number is over 60 percent," Piccoli adds.
"As spay/neuter rates have increased, the shelter death toll has steadily dropped. In 1970, more than 20 million cats and dogs were euthanized; today, that number is under 4 million. But we can do more."
SpayToday is a private, nonprofit corporation working toward that goal, Piccoli says.
"As the Denver Metro area's only HQHVSN (High Quality High Volume Spay Neuter Clinic) offering affordable spay/neuter surgeries for cats, dogs and rabbits, we are helping to prevent thousands of unplanned litters and to save thousands of cats, dogs, kittens, puppies and rabbits from being put to death simply because shelters have no room and there are not enough homes for them all," she adds.
Information: 303-984-7729 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Adoption discounts – The Dumb Friends League continues its year-long centennial celebration with an adoption special for all felines and canines. Through October 31, adoption fees will be $100 off for all adult cats, adult dogs, puppies and kittens at both shelter locations. With this adoption discount, pet lovers can adopt adult cats and some adult dogs at no cost. Information: ddfl.org or (303) 751-5772 .
Black-tie event – Maxfund will hold its largest annual black-tie fundraiser, Puttin' on the Max, Viva Paws Vegas, on Saturday, Oct. 16, from 5:30-10 p,m. at The Brown Palace Hotel in Denver. Tickets are $100 and include a reception, sit-down dinner, and entertainment. Information: www.maxfund.org
Photos of Fido – Foothills Animal Center in Golden is holding its 1st Annual Van Photo Contest. The two winning photos will be featured on the side of the Foothills Animal Shelter van for one year. Submit a high resolution color photograph of your pet to
firstname.lastname@example.com.. Submit one photo per pet; limit of two photos per household. Entry deadline is Oct. 13.
Name your price – The Larimer Humane Society is re-instating its "Name Your Price" Adoption Promotion. The promotion, which extends through close of business Monday, Oct. 4, allows potential adopters to name their price on all dogs and cats age one year and over. Information: Larimerhumane.org.
Percentage for animals – During October, a variety of businesses will donate a percentage of purchase prices to the Humane Society of Boulder Valley Information: www.boulderhumane.org.
Animal heroes – Colorado's Animal Heroes Awards, presented by the Colorado Veterinary Medical Foundation, recognizes animal heroes as well as people who have profoundly helped make Colorado a better place for animals and people. The public is invited to celebrate the heroes at a free ceremony on Thursday, Oct. 7, at 7 p.m. at Turnhalle in the Tivoli Center at Auraria Campus.
Tickets are complimentary. Contact Brittney Parent-Williams at 303.539.7638 or email@example.com for more information and to RSVP.
Reach John Davidson at firstname.lastname@example.com


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At RSA Conference 2017, the Cyber Threat Alliance announced the next phase in its evolution.
- Cyber Threat Alliance formally incorporates.
- Founding members, including McAfee, invest in Cyber Threat Alliance.
- New automated threat intelligence sharing platform.
Threat Intelligence Sharing
Improve protection against cyberattacks through shared threat intelligence
Threat intelligence is curated information about an existing or emerging cyberthreat that can be distributed for the purpose of improving defenses against a specific attack. Going beyond IP addresses, hashes, and other core threat identifiers, threat intelligence provides critical context around a threat activity, including indicators of compromise (IoC), indicators of attack (IoA), the tactics employed, and, potentially, the motivation and identity of the adversary. Through leadership within the threat intelligence sharing community and by developing technologies that more easily share and use threat intelligence, we help customers better identify and stop attacks.
Our Threat Intelligence Sharing Technologies and Alliances
Enables security devices to share intelligence and orchestrate security operations in real time.
McAfee Threat Intelligence Exchange
Combines multiple threat information sources and instantly shares this data out to all connected security products.
McAfee Global Threat Intelligence
Collects threat activity from millions of sensors worldwide and an extensive research team, and makes it instantly available to all connected security products.
Solution Brief: Operationalizing Threat Intelligence
Learn how to integrate threat intelligence with McAfee solutions.
Cyber Threat Alliance
An alliance of leading cybersecurity solution providers—including McAfee—have come together to share threat intelligence on advanced attacks, their motivations, and the tactics of the malicious actors behind them.
Threat Intelligence Sharing Standards and Government Initiatives
TAXII,™ the Trusted Automated eXchange of Indicator Information
A set of services and message exchanges, enabling automated and secure sharing of cyberthreat information.
STIX,™ the Structured Threat Information eXpression
A structured exchange format used to convey specific cyberthreat information.
CybOX,™ the Cyber Observable eXpression
A language for encoding "cyber observables," providing a standardized representation of facts in the cyber domain.
Government Initiatives
U.S. Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 (S.754)
A U.S. federal government law that allows for the sharing of threat intelligence information.
U.S. Executive Order 13691—Commission on Enhancing National Cybersecurity
A U.S. presidential executive order forming a commission chartered to make recommendations to strengthen cybersecurity.
Information Sharing and Analysis Organization (ISAO) Standards Organization
Chartered to identify a common set of voluntary standards or guidelines for the creation and functioning of ISAOs, leading to more consistent sharing alliances.
US-CERT—Automated Indicator Sharing (AIS) Tool
Enables the exchange of cyberthreat indicators between the U.S. federal government and the private sector at machine speed.


text: LAS VEGAS -- Police are ke Griffin scored 32 points and grabbed eight rebounds, DeAndre Jordan had 14 points and 22 rebounds and the Los Angeles Clippers outlasted the Golden State Warriors 98-96 on Thursday night to take a 2-1 lead in their first-round series. http://www.cheapnikefreerun.com/ . Signs of a turnaround have emerged in this series at Minnesota. Brian Roberts had three doubles and a triple for the first four-extra-base-hit game of his 14-year career, and the Yankees used their bullpen to preserve a 6-5 win over the Twins on Friday. MADRID, Spain -- A week after finishing the World Cup as the tournaments top scorer with six goals, Colombia forward James Rodriguez signed a six-year deal with Real Madrid on Tuesday. The 23-year-old Rodriguez, who helped Colombia reach the quarterfinals in Brazil, passed a medical examination at the Sanitas Clinic in the northern suburb of La Moraleja. "Im very happy," Rodriguez said as he left the clinic. "Everything went well." In the afternoon he was presented to thousands of cheering fans at the Santiago Bernabeu Stadium. Many wore Colombian national colours and waved flags. Madrid president Florentino Perez welcomed the forward and referred to him as James - which he pronounced in the Spanish style as ha-mes - Rodriguez. Perez said the late Madrid great and honorary president Alfredo Di Stefano had also come to the club from Colombia, where he had been playing before his arrival in Spain. "Colombia will be at your side," said Perez, raising a loud cheer from fans in the stadium. Rodriguez said: "I hope to win many titles here, Hala Madrid," invoking the clubs chant. Spanish sports newspapers Marca and As both reported that Madrid had agreed to pay French club Monaco 80 million euros ($108 million) for Rodriguez. He is expected to join the squad onn Aug. Cheap Nike Free Run Outlet. 1. Rodriguezs goal against Uruguay in the second round of the World Cup, when he chested the ball down and then volleyed it in, was voted the best goal of the tournament. "I think they (Madrid) were interested in me before my goal against Uruguay," Rodriguez said. "But by scoring that goal I enhanced my chances of coming here." Rodriguez will strengthen Madrids attacking lineup, joining Cristiano Ronaldo, Gareth Bale and Karim Benzema up front. The forward said he was aware of Madrids strength in depth, adding that he was ready to play in different positions if required to do so by the coach. "I just want to train hard and be in good condition for when I am called upon to play," he said. The Colombia forward will wear the No. 10 shirt, vacated when Mesut Ozil left Madrid for Arsenal. The shirt is inscribed with just "James" above the number. Asked if he had heard rumours that fellow countryman Radamel Falcao might also be headed for Madrid, Rodriguez said Falcao is a great player. "But it is not in my competence to talk about such things." Rodriguez, who joined Monaco from Porto last year, is Madrids second signing ahead of the new season after Germany midfielder Toni Kroos joined Thursday from Bayern Munich. Cheap Jerseys China NFL Jerseys China NFL Jerseys Wholesale Discount Basketball Jerseys Cheap NHL Jerseys Authentic Cheap Baseball Jerseys Free Shipping Cheapest College Jerseys Sale Cheap Football Jerseys China Nike NFL Jerseys Canada Wholesale NHL Jerseys From China MLB Jerseys Outlet Canada Wholesale NBA Jerseys Canada Store Cheap Soccer Jerseys China Cheap Authentic Jerseys Canada ' ' '


text: The Picasso work Women of Algiers (Version O) was sold for a record-breaking $179,365,000 Monday by Christie's auction house, making it the most expensive painting ever sold. Andrew Burton/Getty Images hide caption toggle caption Andrew Burton/Getty Images The Two-Way Picasso Painting Sells At Auction For $179 Million, A Record May 11, 2015 Another record was set at the same auction when a Giacometti sculpture sold for $141 million. Thirty-four works of art were auctioned by Christie's at the event for a total of $706 million.


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Captain Fantastic Elton John to play JPJ
Sir Elton John, the child piano prodigy turned international superstar, is coming to Charlottesville. Officials with the John Paul Jones arena made the announcement 40 minutes ago via email that the musician will perform in concert on Friday, October 17.
John, who divides his time between homes in Britain and Atlanta, shot to fame in 1970 with a self-titled album that contained the poignant single, "Your Song."
During the 1970s, he became one of the world's top recording artists with hits that became and remain familiar to generations of AM–- and now FM–- radio listeners. From elegiac softies like "Daniel," "Tiny Dancer," and "Rocket Man" to lush rockers like "Benny and the Jets," "Crocodile Rock," and "Honky Cat," John owned the airwaves.
After the untimely death of his friend, Diana, the Princess of Wales in 1997, John reworked his 1973 homage to Marilyn Monroe, "Candle in the Wind," into an elegy for the departed princess, "Goodbye England's Rose."
Tickets go on sale this Saturday.
5 comments
Hallelujah! I love Elton John!!
Hey, doesn't Elton John live in Vegas, too? He certainly plays Caesar's Palace enough to warrant at least a long-term lease on a penthouse there.
Danke schoen,
the bit ch is back!
Save you money the only reason to go is to find out who is bigger Elton or the Rotunda. Buy his boxed set it's cheaper and he sounds great.
I think I'll pass and take the yellow brick road...yawn!


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The criterion of coherence, as it is traditionally understood, judges as authentic those elements which fit well with what has been established about Jesus by the other criteria.[1] Yet, such a task will inevitably involve subjective analysis: what exactly constitutes coherence? Morna Hooker writes:
"Subjectivity is still a danger when we turn to the principle of coherence or consistency… We may be able to sort out what seems coherent (or incoherent) to us―but we are living in a completely different world, and what seems incoherent to us may have seemed coherent in first-century Palestine―and vice versa. Moreover, some of Jesus' sayings―if they are genuine―are paradoxical, and that alone should perhaps warn us against looking for what seems to be consistent."[2]In fact, many have pointed out that the criteria are not typically consistent in the use of these criteria.
For example, there appear to be inconsistencies within John Meier's analysis. Despite his call for objectivity, at points Meier denies the authenticity of various traditions despite recognizing that they meet the standards of his criteria. For example, Meier states that Matthew has to "strain" to explain how Jesus came to be associated with Nazareth. According to Matthew, Joseph went there because Archelaus, the son of Herod, was ruling Judea. Meier thinks this is a poor explanation since by moving to Nazareth Joseph was relocating to the territory of another son of Herod, Herod Antipas, who killed John the Baptist. Yet, as Dennis Ingolfsland points out, what Meier fails to mention is that Herod Antipas had yet to behead John. Moreover, fear of Archelaus was probably justified since Josephus reports that he killed three thousand Jews in Jerusalem after Herod's death (cf. Ant. 17:218). [3]
Moreover, since the criterion is largely deeependent on the findings of the other criteria it is very likely that it will perpetuate and even magnify the problems created by them. Thus Ben Meyer wrote: "Any errors in the results obtained by the 'dissimilarity' principle are liable to be magnified by the principle of 'coherence.'"[4]
Furthermore, the criterion begs a fundamental question: why must we assume Jesus' teaching never included elements that were on some level contradictory?[5]
(In an upcoming post, I will discuss how Brant Pitre has redefined this criterion).
[1] Perrin's definition is often-cited. See Perrin, Rediscovering the Teaching of Jesus, 43: "Material from the earliest strata of the tradition may be accepted as authentic if it can be shown to cohere with material established as authentic by means of the criterion of dissimilarity." In particular, the criterion was developed by those doing parable research. See Dodd, The Parables of the Kingdom, 1; Jeremias, The Parables of Jesus, 11; Perrin, Rediscovering the Teaching of Jesus, 20-22.
[2] See Hooker, "On Using the Wrong Tool," 577.
[3] Dennis Ingolfsland ["The Historical Jesus According to John Meier and N. T. Wright," in Bibliotheca sacra 155 (20) 460-73] points out a couple of examples in the work of John P. Meier. [4] Meyer, Critical Realism, 137. See also Hooker, "On Using the Wrong Tool," 577: "If the core material upon which we build our reconstruction of the teaching of Jesus is inaccurate, then the addition of material which seems to be consistent with that core is likely to reflect those same inaccuracies." Similarly, see Stein, "The 'Criteria' for Authenticity," 251.
[5] This point is emphasized by Jack T. Sanders, "The Criterion of Coherence and the Randomness of Charisma: Poring Through Some Aporias in the Jesus Tradition," 1-25, who concludes that Jesus must have in some way have taught things that were at some level contradictory: "Understanding that Jesus was a charismatic leader of [a New Religious Movement] and seeing that, as such, he apparently employed randomness to increase his charisma, we must now give up the academic criterion of coherence… and recognize that Jesus said contradictory things" (24).


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Epson, one of the best known printer manufacturers in the world evolved from Seiko, a brand renowned for its quality time pieces and now produces a huge array of computer related products for home and business use.
During the 1980's Epson was producing dot matrix printers and became the leading name in its field because of its impressive quality and innovative products. The MX-80 was released in 1980 and immediately became a best seller in the United States cementing its good reputation for years to come. Until 2003 the company was owned by the Hattori family and was essentially a family business with the values and ethics associated with that, all of which have continued since Epson went public.
The company continues to research and produce quality, technological advanced products which are perfect for home or office use and are certainly not limited to printers. Scanners, desktop computers, laptops, home and office theatre projectors, televisions and cash registers are just some of the products in the company's impressive repertoire.
Printers however, are the product that many people know Epson for and here at PrinterInks we stock ink and toner cartridges for the most popular models, at very reasonable prices. Amongst the most popular models are the Stylus SX130 Compact All-in-One Printer, which is a great all-rounder for all your imaging needs. Other models include the Stylus SX445W Wireless, which has the flexibility of Wi-Fi connectivity (and, therefore, PC-free printing) and the Stylus Office BX320FW, which is speedy and has the advantage of a fax option, we will have one to suit you.
Cartridges for Epson printers can be pricey, compared to other brands, but here at PrinterInks we offer huge discounts so they are very affordable making us a one-stop shop for all your printing supplies!