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"Just Go With It"
Adam Sandler convinces Jenifer Aniston to pretend to be his ex-wife so he can get Brooklyn Decker into bed. Have fun with that.
We don't waste our time on anything not worth your time. We celebrate the best of what's coming on film and TV. We cheer when our expectations are met and criticize when we're let down.

subset: commoncrawl


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Game 128: Buck talks future, plus lineups
John Buck did not expect to still be with the Blue Jays by this point in the season. Given that he signed a one-year contract, and Toronto has top catching prospect J.P. Arencibia waiting in the wings, Buck believed he would have been dealt to another team by now.
He is happy to still be around.
"To be honest, as I sit back and look back at it now," Buck said on Friday, "I thought, 'I know
they have this young guy. I probably won't be there. I'll probably get traded away.'
They've thought enough of me to keep me around, whether it be to help the pitchers
or whatever it may be.
"I'm here now and I didn't think I would be," he added. "The game
of baseball, it's so funny. You can't predict it. I'm just grateful that I'm here. I'll
continue to play my hardest."
Buck's situation has not changed. Arencibia is still at Triple-A Las Vegas and might be given a shot at Toronto's No. 1 catching job next season. Buck's one-year deal expires at the end of the season and there is no contractual option for the 2011 season. Buck would love to remain with the Blue Jays, but he also wants to remain the starter behind the plate.
"Obviously, if they want [Arencibia] to start and they think they can win with him," Buck said, "then
that's the direction they want to go. That's another thing that's out of
my control. What I can control is, if they choose me, I know I can help them win
here. That's the main reason I want to come back here, because I feel this team is
going to win."
Check bluejays.com later for more.
at 7:07 p.m. ET, Rogers Centre
1. Austin Jackson, CF
2. Will Rhymes, 2B
3. Johnny Damon, DH
4. Miguel Cabrera, 1B
5. Brennan Boesch, RF
6. Jhonny Peralta, SS
7. Don Kelly, LF
8. Brandon Inge, 3B
9. Alex Avila, C
Pitching: Justin Verlander (14-8, 3.65)
1. Travis Snider, LF
2. Yunel Escobar, SS
3. Jose Bautista, RF
4. Vernon Wells, CF
5. Adam Lind, DH
6. John Buck, C
7. Lyle Overbay, 1B
8. Aaron Hill, 2B
9. Edwin Encarnacion, 3B
Pitching: Shaun Marcum (11-7, 3.70)
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2 Comments
As funny as this blog is, it also should be mandatory reading for Beeston, so that hopefully he does something about it….
Skills Travis Snider is developing by riding the pine……http://buzztap.com/-14Q8q1
"http://buzztap.com/-14Q8q1" A very astute comment by somebody that probably never even saw the inside of a baseball dugout. At least real reporters like Domenic Cox have the yichees to sigh their names to the drivel they write.


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- This event has passed.
September 18@9:00 am - 10:00 am
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For more information, please contact Siere: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Many prescription medications, including some HIV medications, have food restrictions and must be taken either with food or on an empty stomach. These food restrictions are placed on medications because of factors that affect the absorption of those medications in the stomach. There are two primary factors that affect absorption and therefore require food restrictions.
The first factor affecting the absorption of some medications is the amount of fat in a meal. The presence of fat will increase the absorption of some medications, such as Fortovase®, Viracept® and KaletraTM. It is recommended that these medications be taken with food so that the fat from the food will help maximize the absorption and therefore increase the bioavailability of the medication. Fat also increases the absorption of Sustiva® and may therefore increase its side effects; therefore, it is recommended that a person take Sustiva on an empty stomach or with a low-fat meal.
The second factor affecting the absorption of some medications is the acidity level in the stomach. Some medications are better absorbed in a more acidic (low pH) environment and others are better absorbed in a more basic (high pH) environment. Gastric pH levels decrease when eating; therefore, medications requiring low pH are best taken with food. This would include medications such as Reyataz®.
But food is not the only factor affecting gastric acidity. Over-the-counter antacids and prescription medications for gastrointestinal disorders affect acidity levels in the stomach which, in turn, may affect the absorption of certain medications. As a result, antacids and prescription acid-lowering medications should not be taken with certain HIV medications because they can lower the absorption of the HIV medication to noneffective levels.
Over-the-counter antacids, particularly those containing aluminum or magnesium carbonate as an active ingredient, can decrease the absorption of some HIV medications, including Rescriptor®, Lexiva® (and Agenerase®), and Reyataz. Maalox®, for example, when taken with Lexiva, decreases the maximum concentration (Cmax) of Lexiva by 35%.1 Antacids such as Maalox, Rolaids®, Mylanta® and Tums®, therefore, should be taken apart from these HIV medications. If these antacids must be taken, they should be taken at least two hours before or one hour after taking these HIV medications.
Prescription medications for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), or acid reflux, can also decrease the absorption of Reyataz and other medications. These medications generally fall into one of two categories, either Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) or H2-Receptor Antagonists (or H2 Inhibitors/Blockers).
Proton Pump Inhibitors are long-acting medications for treating acid reflux and include such medications as Prilosec®, Prevacid®, Aciphex®, Nexium® and Protonix®. Prilosec, for example, when taken with Reyataz, decreases the absorption of Reyataz by 76%.2 Earlier this year, Bristol-Myers Squibb, the manufacturer of Reyataz, issued a "Dear Doctor" letter reminding physicians that Reyataz and Proton Pump Inhibitors should not be taken together, as recommended in the Reyataz package insert.3
H2 antagonists are short-acting medications for treating acid reflux and include such medications as Zantac®, Tagamet®, Pepcid® and Axid®. Zantac, for example, when taken with Lexiva, decreases the maximum concentration (Cmax) of Lexiva by 51%. H2 antagonists, when taken with Reyataz, also reduce plasma concentrations of Reyataz, and it is recommended that they be administered as far apart from Reyataz as possible, preferably 12 hours.4
This information demonstrates that there are clear reasons why certain HIV medications have food restrictions; however, most educational materials only tell us to take a certain medication with or without food. Rarely do they explain why. This is important information because there are other factors -- such as antacids -- that may also affect these medications. If any of your medications have food restrictions, it is important to understand why. Ask your doctor to explain why your medications have food restrictions and make sure that there are not other medications -- either prescription or over-the-counter medications -- which may interfere with their effectiveness.
Guy Pujol is the Executive Director of AIDS Treatment Initiatives.


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The place where the walls meet the floor defines the size of a room both physically and visually. You can't alter the location of your walls without a construction crew, but using living room decor that emphasizes the wall's height draws the eye up and makes the room appear bigger. To accomplish this hang floor–length curtains close to the ceiling, use tall bookshelves to compel guests to look up or install crown molding.
Mirrors push walls away and reflect light, which makes the space look bigger. Use them in front of your most attractive decor, such as flowers or rich drapes or windows, to reflect beauty and please the eye. Avoid using a mirrored wall, which can look too retro and alter your aesthetic. Instead, rely on one large framed mirror propped on the floor, or group several smaller mirrors on a wall.
All trademarks mentioned belong to their owners, third party brands, product names, trade names, corporate names and company names mentioned may be trademarks of their respective owners or registered trademarks of other companies and are used for purposes of explanation and to the owner's benefit, without implying a violation of copyright law.
Copyright © 2005 - 2019 neographer. All sponsored products, company names, brand names, trademarks and logos arethe property of their respective owners.
I try to design rooms around their architecture or to create - architecture where none exists. Eleanor McMillen Brown


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Zipwall Barrier Products
Zipwall is ideal for floor finishing, carpentry, painting, demolition and window installation.
4PL Four Pack
The 4 Pack Plus is a great package to start out with. It comes with four poles, enough to build a barrier in many configurations. Also includes 4 grip disks, 2 zipwall standard zippers, 1 carry bag.
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Ideal for placing a barrier across a small room, hallway or closing off a doorway. Includes 2 spring loaded poles, 2 grip disks, 2 tethers.
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Russian Primary Chronicle
The Primary Chronicle (Template:Lang-cu; Russian: Пóвесть временны́х лет, Povest' vremennykh let; Template:Lang-uk, Povist' vrem'anykh lit; Template:Lang-be Apovests' minulikh chasoũ often translated into English as Tale of Bygone Years), or Russian Primary Chronicle,[1] is a history of Kievan Rus' from about 850 to 1110, originally compiled in Kiev about 1113.
Three editions
The original compilation was long considered to be the work of a monk named Nestor and hence was formerly referred to as Nestor's Chronicle or Nestor's manuscript. His many sources included earlier (now-lost) Slavonic chronicles, the Byzantine annals of John Malalas and George Hamartolus, native legends and Norse sagas, several Greek religious texts, Rus-Byzantine treaties, and oral accounts of Yan Vyshatich and other military leaders. Nestor worked at the court of Sviatopolk II of Kiev and probably shared his pro-Scandinavian policies.
The early part is rich in anecdotal stories, among which are the arrival of the three Varangian brothers, the founding of Kiev, the murder of Askold and Dir, the death of Oleg, who was killed by a serpent concealed in the skeleton of his horse, and the vengeance taken by Olga, the wife of Igor, on the Drevlians, who had murdered her husband. The account of the labors of Saints Cyril and Methodius among the Slavic peoples is also very interesting, and to Nestor we owe the tale of the summary way in which Vladimir the Great suppressed the worship of Perun and other traditional gods at Kiev.
In the year 1116, Nestor's text was extensively edited by hegumen Sylvester who appended his name at the end of the chronicle. As Vladimir Monomakh was the patron of the village of Vydubychi where his monastery is situated, the new edition glorified that prince and made him the central figure of later narrative. This second version of Nestor's work is preserved in the Laurentian codex (see below).
A third edition followed two years later and centered on the person of Vladimir's son and heir, Mstislav the Great. The author of this revision could have been Greek, for he corrected and updated much data on Byzantine affairs. This latest revision of Nestor's work is preserved in the Hypatian codex (see below).
Two manuscripts
Because the original of the chronicle as well as the earliest known copies (the Laurentian codex and the Hypatian codex) are lost, it is difficult to establish the original content of the chronicle, word by word.
The Laurentian codex was copied by the Nizhegorod monk Laurentius for the Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich in 1377. The original text he used was a lost codex compiled for the Grand Duke Mikhail of Tver in 1305. The account continues until 1305, but the years 898-922, 1263-83 and 1288-94 are missing for reasons unknown. The manuscript was acquired by the famous Count Musin-Pushkin in 1792 and subsequently presented to the National Library of Russia in St Petersburg.
The Hypatian codex was discovered at the Ipatiev Monastery of Kostroma by the Russian historian Nikolay Karamzin. The Hypatian manuscript dates to the 15th century, and incorporates much information from the lost 12th-century Kievan and 13th-century Halychian chronicles. The language of this work is the East Slavic version of Church Slavonic language with many additional irregular east-slavisms (like other east-slavic codices of the time).
Numerous monographs and published versions of the chronicle have been made, the earliest known being in 1767. Aleksey Shakhmatov published a pioneering textological analysis of the narrative in 1908. Dmitry Likhachev and other Soviet scholars partly revisited his findings. Their versions attempted to reconstruct the pre-Nestorian chronicle, compiled at the court of Yaroslav the Wise in the mid-11th century.
Unlike many other medieval chronicles written by European monks, the Tale of Bygone Years is unique as the only written testimony on the earliest history of East Slavic peoples. Its comprehensive account of the history of Kievan Rus is unmatched in other sources, although important correctives are provided by the Novgorod First Chronicle. It is also valuable as a prime example of the Old East Slavonic literature.
- A collation of the chronicle by Donald Ostrowski in Cyrillic is available at http://hudce7.harvard.edu/~ostrowski/pvl/ together with an erudite and lengthy introduction in English. This is an interlinear collation including the five main manuscript witnesses, as well as a new paradosis, or reconstruction of the original.
- There is an English translation and commentary by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor, The Russian Primary Chronicle. Medieval Academy of America Publication No. 60 (Cambridge: Mediaeval Academy, 1953).
- The main codices (Laurentian, Hypatian, Novgorodian) are available in Cyrillic on http://litopys.org.ua/
- http://www.uoregon.edu/~kimball/chronicle.htm Excerpts of primary chronicle, including founding of Novgorod by Rus, Attacks on Byzantines, and Conversion of Vladimir. Also mentions several slavic tribes by name.
Further reading
- N.K.Chadwick, The Beginnings of Russian History: an Enquiry into Sources, Cambridge University Press, 1946; ISBN 0-404-14651-1


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Now, before I touch upon the actual statue itself, there is something I have to clear up. I have never really been a fan of the New52. I derided its overbearing editorial direction (spearheaded by a relentless Dan Didio), lamented the loss of the pre-Flashpoint continuity, and ultimately abandoned DC altogether. I had lost Grant Morrison's superb and rejuvenating run on Batman, grown disillusioned with the spurious and problematic continuity alterations that had taken place, and all it really did was push me towards Marvel, Dark Horse, and IDW. Quite simply, I haven't had DC on my shelf for a long, long time.
If there was any one character in particular I felt wronged the worst by DC's fudged pseudo-reboot however, it would've been Barbara Gordon. One of the few characters in the comics medium to actually have a disability, Gordon's return to the mantle of Batgirl complete with fully-functioning legs justifiably left many a fan outraged. Her experiences as Oracle were, thankfully, touched upon heavily by the ever-wonderful Gail Simone, but one couldn't shake the feeling that Babs had shed a key part of her evolution - she had become the benchmark for the regressive industry trends the New52 had so immaculately embodied since its inception.
That was until Cameron Stewart and Babs Tarr took the reigns on the book in 2015, showcasing a youthful Barbara rediscovering her academic passions in the hip suburb of Burnside. Continuity links continued to prove irksome, but on the whole, this was the one book I felt compelled to check out as a reader left burned by DC's disingenuous editorial. As a student myself, this Barbara was relatable, quirky, and represented what the New52 should have been when it started out in 2011. Plus her new look was pretty sweet too.
Which brings us to the statue - one of the few non-Batman statues to actually grace DC Direct's long-revered Black and White statue line, itself inspired by the much-adored creator-driven series that drew its strength from the multitude of talented artistry that graced its pages. Artists like Mike Mignola, Frank Quitely, and Dave Mazzucchelli have all had the privilege of having their seminal pencils translated to 3D, and joining that line up is Babs Tarr herself - the architect of the "Batgirl of Burnside's" trendy new look. An artist so synonymous with vibrancy and colourful panels may seem like an odd choice to find representation in a muted colour-pallet, but I'm more than happy to report that it works beautifully and then some.
Tarr's pencils have been sculpted lovingly by Irene Matar, who has managed to differentiate the various materials on Gordon's thrifty costume wonderfully. Barbara's Doc's are suitably glossy and her leather jacket is impeccably detailed, which only further imbues the figure with her cartoony yet realistic appearance. The pose Barbara sports harkens back to Tarr's original concept art for the new suit, and when displayed will feel right at home on either your desk or shelf of choice. At a respectable 7 inches too it's nothing too gargantuan, so you won't have to worry about it taking up what I imagine will already be highly contested display space in your home or office. Again, the price of the figure isn't all that unreasonable either (I managed to nab it at my local comic shop for £69.99), especially if you don't often invest in statues in these harsh, austerity-driven times.
I honestly can't recommend this statue enough, especially for fans of Barbara's exploits in Burnside. For someone who's eagerly anticipating Barbara's very own 'gap-yah' in Shanghai for DC Rebirth, this purchase really couldn't have been more timely. Definitely check it out if you're looking to treat yo' self.


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Kentucky Republican Sen. Rand Paul accused both Republicans and Democrats of being "guilty of spending too much" in his tea party response to President Barack Obama's State of the Union address on Tuesday night.
"It is often said that there is not enough bipartisanship up here. That is not true. In fact, there is plenty of bipartisanship," Paul said in a speech for Tea Party Express that streamed live on the group's website shortly after Obama's speech. "Both parties have been guilty of spending too much, of protecting their sacred cows, of backroom deals in which everyone up here wins, but every taxpayer loses."
Despite being an elected member of the Senate, the junior senator from Kentucky at times spoke as though he were an outsider—even using the word "they" when referring to other members of the institution to which he belongs.
Paul delivered his remarks after the official Republican response, given by Florida Sen. Marco Rubio from the Capitol. Paul joined Rubio in accusing the president of working to undermine the "free market," but Paul's remarks also included a call for an amendment to the Constitution that would require the federal government to balance its budget every year, a tea party rallying cry.
"What the president fails to grasp is that the American system that rewards hard work is what made America so prosperous," Paul said. "What America needs is not Robin Hood but Adam Smith."
Paul advocated for term limits for members of Congress as punishment for not passing a budget and reining in spending.
"If Congress refuses to obey its own rules, if Congress refuses to pass a budget, if Congress refuses to read the bills, then I say: Sweep the place clean. Limit their terms and send them home," Paul said. "I have seen the inner sanctum of Congress, and believe me there is no monopoly on knowledge there. If they will not listen, if they will not balance the budget, then we should limit their terms."
The speech gave Paul, who has said he's thinking about running for president someday, an opportunity to brand himself as an alternative to the party establishment. Because being an outsider, of course, is what being a tea party lawmaker is all about.


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"There is no challenge too big for us! And it's our pleasure to support Sebastian Heisele, who has the same point of view."
Concentration, emotional tension, clout: Since 2014, ErgoPack has been committed to the international golf sport to sponsor the professional golf player Sebastian Heisele from Dillingen.
"The fascinating world of top sports: Risk everything, total commitment, orient your life at a 100 % towards it. Accept setbacks and overcome them. I am impressed by such an attitude towards life" says Andreas Kimmerle. "To support a professional athlete with this kind of mindset has been my intention for quite some time already."
"As an active part of our area, it was obvious to choose a regional sportsman. Sebastian is a young and ambitious athlete from Dillingen. That is why it was my personal request to particularly support him."
To be able to make a living by doing the dream job of a professional golfer, ErgoPack and Sebastian Heisele go hand in hand. Mr Heisele is promoting our brand by using an ErgoPack golf bag on golf courses all over the world. Best conditions to pursue and implement the increase of our corporate image, publicity and social dedication.
ErgoPack wishes Sebastian all the best and a precise clout for the upcoming season.


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Chase Utley may have been very nervous when he was announced at the Home Run Derby on Monday night. He was so nervous, he actually cursed the fans who voted him into the position in the first place. If that wasn't bad enough, it made national headlines and was talked about in length today on sports radio stations in Philly and around the country.
Utley has got to learn not to do things like this, an apology was issued, but the damage was done. He sounded like a spoiled multi-millionaire that didn't get what he wanted. What he wanted was cheers, and adulation. Well, Chase is an all star but he's far from the Hall of Fame and he should learn that it's the fans that support his baseball habit and keep his accustomed to his 'style' of living.
In Philadelphia, Utley has been known as the quiet 'superstar'. Almost like a baseball god really. He doesn't say too much in the press and when he does it usually some recap of a play of some other quote that makes a great sound bite but may not be the way we really know about the player. We all assume he's a great character kind of guy, but this incident puts a big chink into that persona. Yes, after last night I think Utley gets looked at in a different light. The quiet trust is gone.
Yes, this was a error, and yes everyone is human and makes mistakes, but Utley uttering the words, "Boo???.... F$$k You' on the worldwide broadcast of the All Star game in 2008 has got to be one of the worst moments in Philly baseball history. I don't care if every fan in the stadium was booing Chase, come on there was a lot of Mets fans in attendance there at the All Star game you can expect a lot of boos from them at least.
Chase, I am a fan of your play on the field, but you made a huge error here. It practically overshadowed the whole All Star game in Philly on the sports radio stations and around the office coolers today. It was wrong, and we heard you apologize but I think you may need some help, perhaps all the awards are going to your head or your angry. Maybe anger management class? You did a tremendous disservice to yourself, and put a huge cloud up over you for some time to come not to mention a black eye to Philadelphia.
Rich Baxter - Fightin Phillies


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This document has been rescinded.
1. SUBJECT: Enforcement Guidance on Remedies Available to Undocumented Workers Under Federal Employment Discrimination Laws.
2. PURPOSE: The purpose of this Enforcement Guidance is to set forth the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's (EEOC) position regarding remedies available to unauthorized workers in charges filed under federal employment discrimination statutes. This Enforcement Guidance rescinds and supersedes the "Policy Guidance: Effect of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) on the Remedies Available to Undocumented Aliens Under Title VII," N-915.040 (April 26, 1989).
3. EFFECTIVE DATE: Upon issuance.
4. EXPIRATION DATE: As an exception to EEOC Order 205.001, Appendix B, Attachment 4, section a (5), this Notice will remain in effect until rescinded or superseded.
5. ORIGINATOR: Coordination and Guidance Services, Office of Legal Counsel.
6. INSTRUCTIONS: This supersedes the "Policy Guidance: Effect of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) on the Remedies Available to Undocumented Aliens Under Title VII," N-915.040 (April 26, 1989). Discard the 1989 document and file this as Appendix B of Section 622, Volume II of the Compliance Manual.
7. SUBJECT MATTER: Remedies available to unauthorized workers in employment discrimination cases.
10-26-99 /s/ Date Ida L. Castro Chairwoman
This Enforcement Guidance addresses the availability of remedies in cases where an employer(1) is found to have discriminated against unauthorized workers(2) in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights of 1964, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), and the Equal Pay Act (EPA). Based on important legal developments, the Commission is replacing its April 26, 1989, guidance on Title VII remedies for undocumented workers. The Commission now concludes that unauthorized workers who are subjected to unlawful employment discrimination are entitled to the same relief as other victims of discrimination, subject to certain narrow exceptions which are discussed below. The pertinent legal developments include recent cases concerning remedies for unauthorized workers under the National Labor Relations Act, changes in the law regarding after-acquired evidence and mixed motive cases, and the addition of damages to the range of available remedies.
First, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the Second Circuit recently concluded that unauthorized workers are eligible for back pay under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). A.P.R.A. Fuel Oil Buyers Group, 320 N.L.R.B. 408, 151 L.R.R.M. 1209 (1995), aff'd, NLRB v. A.P.R.A. Fuel Oil Group, 134 F.3d 50 (2d Cir. 1997). The A.P.R.A. rationale, discussed in more detail below, applies equally to the federal employment discrimination statutes.(3)
Second, in the context of an after-acquired evidence case, the Supreme Court held that employee wrongdoing does not shield a discriminating employer from liability under the civil rights laws.(4) Similarly, Congress amended Title VII to provide that employers are liable when discrimination is part of the reason for an adverse employment action, even if it can show it would have taken the same action absent the discrimination.(5) Both changes recognize that deterrence is a central goal of the federal employment discrimination laws and that failure to penalize discriminating employers will undermine that goal.
Third, Congress has added compensatory and punitive damages to the range of available remedies under Title VII and the ADA. It did so because it had concluded that existing remedies were ineffective and that "additional remedies under Federal law are needed to deter unlawful harassment and intentional discrimination in the workplace."(6) Inasmuch as undocumented workers are particularly vulnerable to employer abuse, awarding monetary remedies irrespective of a worker's unauthorized status promotes the goal of deterring unlawful discrimination without undermining the purposes of the immigration laws.
Finally, the ADA had not been enacted when the 1989 document was issued. This guidance highlights the fact that the principles governing remedies for unauthorized workers apply to all of the federal anti-discrimination statutes enforced by the EEOC, including the Rehabilitation Act and the ADA, as well as Title VII, the EPA, and the ADEA.
Prior to 1986, the immigration laws did not prohibit employers from employing unauthorized workers, although such workers were subject to deportation. In enacting the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA), however, Congress made it unlawful for employers to knowingly employ individuals who are not legally authorized to be employed in the United States and who were hired after November 6, 1986.(7)
To address concerns that the employer sanction provisions would cause discrimination against some national origin groups, IRCA prohibits employers that have from four to fourteen employees, and are therefore not covered by Title VII, from discriminating on the basis of national origin against U.S. citizens and nationals and non-citizens with work authorization.(8) It also prohibits citizenship status discrimination and discriminatory documentary practices by all employers who have four or more employees.(9) IRCA's nondiscrimination requirements are enforced by the Office of Special Counsel for Immigration Related Unfair Employment Practices (OSC), Civil Rights Division, at the U.S. Department of Justice.(10)
The federal discrimination laws protect all employees in the United States, regardless of their citizenship or work eligibility. Employers may no more discriminate against unauthorized workers than they may discriminate against any other employees.(11) EEOC will therefore assure that in its enforcement of the laws, unauthorized workers are protected to the same degree as all other workers.
Recognizing that federal labor laws make no distinction based on alienage, courts have similarly generally held that all workers are protected by those laws, regardless of citizenship or work eligibility.(12)
In the leading case of Sure-Tan v. NLRB, 467 U.S. 883 (1984), the Supreme Court addressed the coverage of undocumented workers in the context of the NLRA and explained that affording those workers the protection of American labor laws promotes the purposes of both the labor and immigration laws.
The employer in Sure-Tan retaliatorily reported five employees to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) because the employees had exercised NLRA-protected rights. The employer had been aware that the workers were undocumented and had not reported them to the INS until they participated in union activities. It was therefore clear that retaliation was the reason that he had reported them. The Court concluded that applying the labor law to undocumented workers served the purposes of immigration laws:
[a] primary purpose in restricting immigration is to preserve jobs for American workers . . . . Application of the NLRA helps to assure that the wages and employment conditions of lawful residents are not adversely affected by the competition of illegal alien employees who are not subject to the standard terms of employment. If an employer realizes that there will be no advantage under the NLRA in preferring illegal aliens to legal resident workers, any incentive to hire such illegal aliens is correspondingly lessened. In turn, if the demand for undocumented aliens declines, there may then be fewer incentives for aliens themselves to enter in violation of the federal immigration laws.
467 U.S. at 893-94. This principle applies equally to the discrimination laws within the Commission's jurisdiction.
Moreover, the EEOC agrees with the NLRB and those courts that have concluded that the Sure-Tan decision is unaffected by the subsequent enactment of IRCA. A.P.R.A.,151 L.R.R.M. at 1215 ("[C]ongress . . . [in enacting IRCA] expressly approved the view of the Supreme Court in Sure-Tan that undocumented workers are entitled to established labor protections."), aff'd, NLRB v. A.P.R.A. Fuel Oil Buyers Group, 134 F.3d 50, 55 (2d Cir. 1997) (NLRA).(13) Failure to protect those workers would undermine enforcement of not only the anti-discrimination laws, but also the immigration laws. Without such coverage, employers have an incentive to hire workers who cannot effectively protest unlawfully discriminatory treatment. As the Eleventh Circuit observed, in the context of the FLSA, "coverage of undocumented workers has a[n effect similar to that of IRCA], in that it offsets what is perhaps the most attractive feature of such workers - their willingness to work [in substandard conditions. Without that offset] . . . employers would have an incentive to hire them."(14)
The remedies provisions of the federal anti-discrimination laws are intended both to deter employment discrimination and to restore the injured employee to the position s/he would have been in absent the discrimination. Some remedies, such as requiring the employer to stop the discriminatory activities, adopt corrective measures, post notices, or expand recruitment, serve primarily to prevent future discrimination. Other remedies, such as instatement, reinstatement, or promotion, serve primarily to make the victim whole.
Monetary remedies serve both purposes: they deter future discrimination(15) and make the victim whole. Back pay is so central to the remedial scheme that the Supreme Court has ruled that, where liability is found, back pay is a presumptive remedy and "should be denied only for reasons which, if applied generally, would not frustrate the central statutory purposes of eradicating discrimination throughout the economy and making persons whole for injuries suffered through past discrimination."(16) Compensatory and punitive damages also serve make-whole and deterrence purposes.(17) Moreover, because a private suit serves important public purposes, the litigant will not be denied relief even if s/he has engaged in wrongdoing.(18)
The provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) serve a different purpose - the deterrence of illegal immigration. The INS apprehends and removes those who have violated applicable immigration laws and imposes sanctions on employers who knowingly employ unauthorized workers hired after November 6, 1986. The purposes and remedial schemes of immigration and discrimination laws are not at odds with each other. Thus, where an unauthorized worker is found to have been a victim of employment discrimination, remedy awards can and should fulfill the goals of the employment discrimination statutes without undermining the purposes of the immigration laws.
Remedies that serve only to prevent future discrimination are unaffected by the immigration laws and remain available to redress violations of the employment discrimination laws without regard to an employee's work status. Such injunctive relief may include, for example, orders to post notices that the employer has been found to have discriminated, orders to stop the discriminatory practices, orders to purge personnel records of information regarding discriminatory actions, and orders to adopt some specific corrective action, such as implementing new hiring procedures, keeping data on all disciplinary actions, or providing training.
Under federal employment discrimination laws, victims of discriminatory refusal to hire or discriminatory termination are presumptively entitled to instatement or reinstatement.(19) The Commission concludes that the same presumption applies to unauthorized workers who were hired on or before November 6, 1986 because IRCA does not prohibit employers from continuing to employ workers hired on or before that date.(20) This presumption also applies to workers hired after November 6, 1986 unless the employer knows that the worker is unauthorized, in which case the worker's eligibility for reinstatement depends on being able to satisfy IRCA's verification requirements within a reasonable time.(21)
The Sure-Tan Court held that unauthorized workers are protected by the NLRA and remanded the case to the Board to determine what remedies were appropriate in light of the fact that the workers had left the country and it was not clear whether they had returned.(22) The Court placed only one constraint on the remedies the Board could order; namely, any offer of reinstatement was to be conditioned on the workers' lawful reentry. The Court imposed that restriction to avoid encouraging illegal reentry and thereby undermining the purpose of the immigration law.(23) In so doing, the Court made clear that the workers' original illegal entry did not preclude reinstatement or back pay.
At the time Sure-Tan was decided, employers were not prohibited from employing unauthorized workers. In A.P.R.A., the Second Circuit considered whether, by enacting IRCA to make employing unauthorized workers illegal, Congress altered the Sure-Tan rule that unauthorized workers were entitled to relief.
As in Sure-Tan, the A.P.R.A. employer knowingly employed unauthorized workers and retaliated against them for participating in union activity. In A.P.R.A., however, the workers had remained in the United States until the time of the decision. The Board concluded that "if full remedies are not granted, the illegitimate economic advantage to unscrupulous employers that knowingly employ undocumented workers has [a] . . . corrosive effect on congressional policies respecting the workplace . . . ."(24) To avoid a conflict with IRCA's prohibition against employing unauthorized workers, the Board ordered that the offer of reinstatement be conditioned on the workers' ability, within a reasonable period of time, to satisfy IRCA's normal verification of work eligibility requirements. In affirming the Board's order of conditional reinstatement, the Second Circuit explained that the Board "quite clearly tailor[ed] the remedy for the violation of the NLRA to the restrictions of" IRCA.(25) In addition, the court observed that the Board's remedy, "felicitously keeps the Board out of the process of determining an employee's immigration status, leaving compliance with IRCA to the private parties to whom the law applies.... the Board is not charged with the enforcement of the complex U.S. immigration laws."(26)
Like the Board, the EEOC is not charged with the enforcement of IRCA and should not participate in "the process of determining an employee's immigration status." Therefore, EEOC will neither collect nor evaluate evidence regarding a worker's status.
Unauthorized workers are entitled to back pay and appropriate damages on the same basis as other workers, unless the award would conflict with the purposes of the immigration laws. In the great majority of instances, monetary awards do not conflict with the purposes of immigration laws, but enhance them. Without monetary awards, including damages, employers who are unscrupulous may consider penalties under immigration law to be offset by the savings of employing unauthorized workers, thus defeating the objectives of immigration, civil rights, and labor laws and allowing employers to profit from their own wrongdoing.(27)
There are no limitations on damages for unauthorized workers, beyond those which would apply in any other case. However, there is a narrow limitation on the availability of back pay. To fulfill the requirements of the immigration laws, the Sure-Tan Court ruled that "in computing back pay, the employees must be deemed unavailable for work (and the accrual of back pay therefore tolled) during any period when they were not lawfully entitled to be present and employed in the United States."(28) The Commission construes this language to limit back pay relief only where, as in Sure-Tan, the worker is unavailable for work by virtue of being out of the country.(29)
The Commission adopts this interpretation for several reasons. The Supreme Court, in Sure-Tan, did not hold that the employees' original unlawful entry precluded awards of reinstatement or back pay. Its reversal of the appellate court's award of six months back pay was, instead, because it regarded as unduly speculative the appellate court's surmise that, absent the unlawful retaliation, the workers would have worked for another six months.(30) In addition, " Sure-Tan gave no indication that it was overruling a significant line of [NLRB] precedent that disregards a discriminatee's legal status, as opposed to availability for work, in determining his or her eligibility for back pay."(31)
The Commission concludes that IRCA does not preclude awarding back pay and damages to unauthorized workers because, as the Second Circuit has observed,
[while] IRCA established sanctions for employers who knowingly hire or continue to employ illegal aliens, . . . and also introduced procedures to assure that undocumented workers are not able to gain employment in the United States, . . . IRCA does not materially change the policy considerations underlying the previous decisions . . . . The primary purpose of IRCA was to make it more difficult to employ undocumented workers and to punish the employers who offer jobs to these workers . . . . Congress sought to reduce the availability of jobs for undocumented workers without adversely affecting working conditions within those jobs.
A.P.R.A., 134 F.3d at 55.(32)
Significantly, the conclusion that employers must make monetary awards to victims of discrimination despite lack of work authorization comports with the rules governing cases in which the employer is guilty of discrimination but the employee is also guilty of wrongful acts that would have motivated the employer to terminate the employment relationship. The governing principle is that, because monetary remedies serve not only remedial but also deterrence purposes, employee wrongdoing does not bar relief.(33)
In short, employers who discriminate against unauthorized workers are liable for monetary relief, including compensatory, punitive, or liquidated damages, to the same extent as for authorized workers. An employer is not liable for back pay accruing during any period during which the worker is unavailable for work because s/he is out of the country.(34) In addition, back pay will stop accruing if the worker is reinstated, or, within a reasonable period of time after being offered instatement or reinstatement,(35) the worker cannot show work eligibility.
The undocumented status of workers is never a justification for subjecting them to discriminatory terms or conditions of employment or for failing to promote them. Thus, for example, workers who have been discriminatorily undercompensated or harassed while working are entitled to all appropriate relief, including full back pay, for the period worked, even if they have subsequently left the country. They were clearly "available" for work for periods during which they were actually working.
Unauthorized workers are particularly vulnerable to threats to report them to INS. If such a threat or report is made because a worker opposed unlawful discrimination or participated in a proceeding under the anti-discrimination laws, it constitutes unlawful retaliation. In every case in which the employer asserts that the worker is unauthorized and appears to have acquired that information after that worker complained of discrimination, EEOC will determine whether the information was acquired through a retaliatory investigation.(36) If the investigation was retaliatory, the employer is liable for monetary damages for retaliation without regard to the worker's actual work status as well as for appropriate equitable relief.
Attorneys' fees and costs are available to unauthorized workers on the same terms as to other workers who are prevailing parties under laws enforced by the Commission.(37) Attorneys' fees and costs are available in mixed motives cases, even though reinstatement, back pay, and damages are not.(38)
As in any discrimination case, an employer may be able to limit the remedies available for its discriminatory acts if it can prove that it acted from mixed motives, i.e., that it would have taken the same action even absent the discrimination,(39) or that, after the discriminatory act, it acquired evidence that would have caused it to take the same adverse action.(40) A worker's unauthorized status can be a legitimate reason that may form the basis for a mixed motive or after-acquired evidence defense and thereby limit the available remedies.
In mixed motive cases, the employer can be liable for attorneys' fees and injunctive relief, but the complaining party is not entitled to reinstatement, back pay, or any damages.(41) In after-acquired evidence cases, if the employer can show that it would not have employed the person after learning of his or her unauthorized status, the worker would not typically be entitled to reinstatement and the period during which back pay accrues would be cut off as of the date that the employer discovered the unauthorized status.(42) Punitive damages and damages for emotional harm would be unaffected by the after-acquired evidence.(43)
1. To simplify the discussion, the term "employer" in this document includes not only covered employers but also labor organizations and employment agencies. The principles in the guidance also apply to federal employers.
2. For purposes of this document, the term "undocumented or unauthorized worker" means, with respect to employment at a particular time, one who is not a citizen or national of the United States and is neither (1) lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States, nor (2) authorized by law to work. See Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended by the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, 8 U.S.C. � 1324a (h)(3); see also 8 C.F.R. � 274a.1.
3. The interpretation of the back pay provision of the NLRA is relevant to Title VII since Title VII's "back pay provision was expressly modeled on the back pay provision of the National Labor Relations Act." Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody, 422 U.S. 405, 419 (1975). The conclusion in the 1989 document, that unauthorized workers who had been discriminatorily terminated or not hired were not entitled to back pay, accorded with the position of the NLRB at that time.
4. McKennon v. Nashville Banner Publishing Co., 513 U.S. 352 (1995).
5. Section 703(m) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. � 2000e-2(m).
6. 42 U.S.C. � 1981a, note. See also H.Rep. No. 40(I), 102d Cong., 1st Sess. 69, reprinted in 1991 U.S.C.C.A.N. 549, 607 ("Making employers liable for all losses - economic and otherwise - which are incurred as a consequence of prohibited discrimination, . . . will serve as a necessary deterrent to future acts of discrimination, both for those held liable for damages as well as the employer community as a whole. . . . Back pay as the exclusive monetary remedy under Title VII has not served as an effective deterrent, and, when back pay is not available . . ., there is simply no deterrent.").
7. 8 U.S.C. � 1324a. Criminal penalties can be imposed in cases involving a pattern or practice of knowingly employing unauthorized workers. Id. Congress further amended the Immigration and Nationality Act in 1990, imposing civil penalties on individuals who provide fraudulent immigration documents. 8 U.S.C. � 1324c (1994).
8. 8 U.S.C. � 1324b(a)(1).
9. 8 U.S.C. � 1324b(a)(1)(B) and � 1324b(a)(6). IRCA's protection against citizenship discrimination applies only to U.S. citizens or nationals, permanent residents, refugees, asylees, and temporary residents. Permanent residents, however, must apply for naturalization within six months of eligibility to remain within the protected class. 8 U.S.C. � 1324b(a)(3). U.S. citizens, nationals, and all individuals with work authorization are also protected by IRCA's prohibition against unfair documentary practices, such as discriminatorily requesting more or different documents than required by 8 U.S.C. � 1324a, or refusing to honor documents that appear genuine. 8 U.S.C. � 1324b(a)(6).
IRCA's nondiscrimination provisions are not directly germane to the remedies issues discussed in this guidance. The references to IRCA in this guidance relate only to the employer sanction provisions.
10. Charges raising issues under those provisions should be referred to OSC as provided in the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between OSC and EEOC. 63 Fed. Reg. 5518 ( Feb. 3, 1998).
11. See Espinoza v. Farah Mfg. Co., 414 U.S. 86 (1973) (Title VII protects non-citizens against race, color, sex, religious, and national origin discrimination); EEOC v. Hacienda Hotel, 881 F.2d 1504, 1517 (9th Cir. 1989) (plaintiffs were subject to Title VII's protections notwithstanding their status as undocumented workers ); Rios v. Enterprise Ass'n Steamfitters Local Union 638 of U. A., 860 F.2d 1168, 1173 (2d Cir. 1988) (same). But see Egbuna v. Time Life Libraries, Inc., 153 F.3d 184 (4th Cir. 1998), cert. denied, 119 S.Ct. 1034 (1999), in which the court took the contrary view: that an applicant who is unauthorized has no cause of action under Title VII for an allegedly discriminatory refusal to hire. For the reasons discussed in this guidance, the Commission disagrees with the Fourth Circuit.
12. While this conclusion is based in part on the fact that the labor laws protect "any individual," the same rationale applies to the Equal Pay Act, which, although part of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), refers to "employees" rather than to "any individual." Like Title VII, the FLSA contains no exemption for unauthorized workers. Patel v. Quality Inn South, 846 F.2d 700, 704 (11th Cir. 1988) "[N]othing in IRCA or its legislative history suggests that Congress intended to limit the rights of undocumented . . . [workers] under the FLSA . . . ."), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1011 (1989).
13. See also EEOC v. Switching Systems Div. of Rockwell Int'l Corp., 783 F. Supp. 369, 374 (N.D. Ill. 1992) ("Title VII's protections extend to workers who may be in this country either legally or illegally"; however, no Title VII violation because employer's policy discriminated, if at all, only on the basis of citizenship and not national origin) (post-IRCA); EEOC v. Tortilleria "La Mejor," 758 F. Supp. 585, 591 (E.D. Cal. 1991) (same); and Patel, 846 F.2d at 704 (FLSA applies to undocumented workers post-IRCA). But see Egbuna, 153 F.3d 184 (because IRCA renders unauthorized workers unqualified to work, an unauthorized worker cannot challenge hiring discrimination). Cf. EEOC v. Hacienda Hotel, 881 F.2d 1504, 1517 n.11 (9th Cir. 1989) ("although we need not decide the issue in this case [which arose pre-IRCA], it may well be that [IRCA] changes the mix of policy considerations underlying the case law which supports our conclusion that undocumented employees may recover back pay in a Title VII action") (citation omitted).
14. Patel, 846 F.2d at 704. See also A.P.R.A., 151 L.R.R.M. at 1215 ("Congress believed that providing . . . [unauthorized workers] the same protections . . . afforded to American employees was the most effective means of eliminating the economic incentives for employers to hire undocumented . . . [workers]"), aff'd, 134 F.3d at 56.
If employers faced only the prospect of an injunctive order, they would have little incentive to shun practices of dubious legality. It is the reasonably certain prospect of a [monetary] award that 'provide[s] the spur or catalyst which causes employers and unions to self-examine and to self-evaluate their employment practices and to endeavor to eliminate, so far as possible, the last vestiges of an unfortunate and ignominious page in this country's history.'
Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody, 422 U.S. 405, 417-18 (1975) (citation omitted).
16. Id. at 421.
17. For detailed information on appropriate compensatory and punitive damage awards under Title VII and the ADA, see "Enforcement Guidance on Compensatory and Punitive Damages Available Under � 102 of the Civil Rights Act of 1991," EEOC Compliance Manual (BNA) N:6071, 6076 (July 14, 1992). Liquidated damages are available for violations of the Equal Pay Act and for willful violations of the ADEA and track the amount of the back pay award. See Section 7(b) of the ADEA, 29 U.S.C. � 626(b), and Section 16(b) of the FLSA, 29 U.S.C. � 216(b).
18. McKennon, 513 U.S. at 358, citing Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co., 415 U.S. 36, 45 (1974).
19. See, e.g., Roush v. KFC Nat'l Management Co., 10 F.3d 392, 398 (6th Cir. 1993), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 808 (1994) (ADEA); Duke v. Uniroyal, Inc., 928 F.2d 1413, 1424 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 963 (1991) (ADEA); Henry v. Lennox Indus., Inc, 768 F.2d 746, 752 (6th Cir. 1985) (Title VII). Of course, the presumption can be overcome. For example, the employer may be able to show that the employee would not have gotten the job even absent the discrimination.
20. INS regulations provide that such workers are "grandfathered" and not subject to IRCA's employment verification requirements. 8 C.F.R. � 274a.7(a). The regulations further provide that wrongful termination followed by reinstatement should not be considered a break in service sufficient to cost those workers their "grandfathered" status. 8 C.F.R. � 274a.2(b)(1)(viii)(5).
21. Except in this very narrow circumstance, employers may not request or reexamine I-9 documents of workers returning from a discriminatory discharge. 8 U.S.C. � 1324b(a)(6); 8 C.F.R. � 274a.2(b)(1)(viii).
22. Sure-Tan, 467 U.S. at 904-06. INS permitted the Sure-Tan plaintiffs to leave the country voluntarily in lieu of deportation, and they did so immediately.
23. Id.
24. A.P.R.A., 151 L.R.R.M. at 1216.
25. A.P.R.A., 134 F.3d 50, 57.
26. Id.
27. Granting unlawful workers full redress for violations . . . should act as a deterrent to such unprincipled and opportunistic employers, and level the competitive playing field between them and the vast majority of employers in the United States that recognize and respect the rights of their employees and that carefully follow the procedures that IRCA requires.
A.P.R.A.,151 L.R.R.M. at 1216, aff'd, 134 F.3d at 56. See also Patel, 846 F.2d at 704-05 (FLSA).
28. 467 U.S. at 903.
29. The Second and Ninth Circuits support this position. A.P.R.A., 134 F.3d at 54 (post-IRCA); Rios, 860 F.2d. 1168 (2d Cir. 1988) (pre-IRCA); Local 512, Warehouse and Office Workers' Union v. NLRB, 795 F.2d 705 (9th Cir. 1986) (pre-IRCA).
The Seventh Circuit took a contrary position in Del Rey Tortilleria, Inc. v. NLRB, 976 F.2d 1115 (7th Cir. 1992), holding that Sure-Tan prohibits awards of back pay to undocumented workers under the NLRA. However, in his dissent, Judge Cudahy noted that the Supreme Court's reference to employees being "lawfully entitled to be present and employed in the United States," was a quote from the decision that he wrote for the Circuit in Sure-Tan, and that he was referring to workers who were not in the country and could not legally return. Id. at 1123-24. Moreover, the Seventh Circuit explicitly declined to decide whether the same rule would apply to Title VII. Id. at 1122 n.7. That rule should not apply to Title VII, the ADA, or the ADEA because part of the court's rationale was that "the award provisions of the NLRA are remedial, not punitive, in nature." Id. at 1119. In contrast, Title VII, the ADA, and the ADEA provide for punitive damages (ADEA liquidated damages are punitive in nature), and back pay under those statutes serves not only a remedial, but also a deterrent function. See Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody, 422 U.S. at 418-19, 421.
The Commission is persuaded that Judge Cudahy's dissent and the decisions of the Second and Ninth Circuit are more soundly reasoned and more consistent with the language and purposes of the employment discrimination laws.
30. Sure-Tan, 467 U.S. at 900-01.
31. See A.P.R.A., 134 F.3d at 54, citing Local 512, 795 F.2d 705, 717 (9th Cir. 1986) (emphasis added).
32. This conclusion is supported by IRCA's legislative history. The report of the House Education and Labor Committee on IRCA stated, inter alia, the following:
[t]he committee does not intend that any provision of this Act would limit the powers of State or Federal labor standards agencies such as the . . . Equal Employment Opportunity Commission . . . to remedy unfair practices committed against undocumented employees for exercising their rights before such agencies or for engaging in activities protected by these agencies. To do otherwise would be counter-productive of our intent to limit the hiring of undocumented employees and the depressing effect on working conditions caused by their employment.
H.R. Rep. No. 99-682(II), 99th Cong., 2d Sess. 8-9 (1986), reprinted in 1986 U.S.C.C.A.N. 5757, 5758. See also A.P.R.A., 134 F.3d at 56 n.3.
33. McKennon, 513 U.S. at 357.
34. Following the dictate of Sure-Tan, a monetary award should not induce illegal reentry. Thus, if the worker's location is known, the monetary award should be sent to him/her.
35. An offer of reinstatement must comport with the standards set forth in EEOC v. Ford Motor Co., 458 U.S. 219 (1982).
36. See EEOC Enforcement Guidance: After Acquired Evidence, 8 FEP Manual 405:7331, 7335 (Dec. 14, 1995).
37. See Section 706(k) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. � 2000e-5(k); Section 16(b) of the FLSA (EPA), 29 U.S.C. � 216(b); Section 7(b) of the ADEA, 29 U.S.C. � 626(b); and Section 505 of the ADA, 42 U.S.C. � 12206.
38. See Sections 706(g)(2)(B)(i) and (ii) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. �� 2000e-5(g)(2)(B)(i),(ii).
39. See Section 703(m) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. � 2000e-2(m) (liability is established when the complaining party proves that a prohibited factor motivated the adverse action, even though other factors also motivated the action).
40. See McKennon v. Nashville Banner Publishing Co., 513 U.S. 352, 361-62 (1995) (the fact that the employer could have terminated the employee for misconduct is irrelevant to liability if the employer was not motivated by such misconduct; only the remedy is affected). See also EEOC Enforcement Guidance: After-Acquired Evidence, 8 FEP Manual 405:7331 (Dec. 14, 1995).
41. Section 706(g)(2)(B)(ii) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. � 2000e-5(g)(2)(B)(ii).
42. McKennon, 513 U.S. at 360 (if employer can prove that it would have terminated the employee when it learned of specific misconduct, it need not reinstate her and the back pay period will end on the date that the employer discovered the evidence).
43. See EEOC Enforcement Guidance: After-Acquired Evidence, 8 FEP Manual 405:7331, 7333-37 (Dec. 14, 1995) (explaining effect of after-acquired evidence on back pay and damages).
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Welcome to North Cyprus
Standing at the crossroads of three continents Cyprus has a vibrant history, a perfect climate and the warmest welcome in the Mediterranean. It has been a British playground for many years offering the perfect combination of relaxation, water sports and exciting exploration along its beautiful coastline, for Northern Cyprus too, has its share of rich archeological sites and medieval castles. It enjoys over 300 days of uninterrupted sunshine, clear blue unpolluted seas, the beauty of an unspoiled landscape and uncrowded beaches.
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Exclusive: Mob Doctor Showrunner Teases Bones Easter Eggs
Dec 30, 2012 12:00 PM EST
Poor Grace. On Monday's New Year's Eve-themed Mob Doctor (9/8c, Fox), the not-so-good doctor (Jordana Spiro) finally finds herself with a few spare hours, only to get pulled into yet another one of her brother Nate's schemes. This time, it involves a… Read more


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Running Index in RS800CX and RCX5
Running Index is calculated during every exercise when heart rate and s3+/s3 stride sensor or G5/G3 GPS sensor signal is recorded, and when the following requirements apply:
- speed should be 6km/h / 3,75 mi/h or faster and duration 12 minutes minimum.
- heart rate should be above 40% of HRmax.
When using RS800CX training computer with G5/G3 GPS sensor, Running Index is not shown in File or in ProTrainer 5 software if you have selected None mode for the exercise. To get Running Index value, select one of the shoes (Shoe1/Shoe2/Shoe3) to be used and enable G5/G3 GPS sensor.
RS800CX: When you get Check S sensor message, press OK to confirm. Soon after you will be able to see the speed and distance data sent by G5/G3 GPS sensor.
After training you will see Running Index both in File and in ProTrainer 5 software.
RCX5: After training you will see Running Index both in Data → Training files and in polarpersonaltrainer.com web service.
Running Index is shown if stride sensor data is available. Running Index is shown also if the used sport is running type, and there are heart rate and speed data available.


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Java Draw Created Feb 13, 2013 640 x 460px Unless noted Copyright 2013 crinaanca.
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Minunat!. Ma uit la data cand a fost facut acest desen si abia acum imi dau seama de cand nu am mai vizitat rmd-ul. Mi-e dor !!!!!
I just love the colors and energy in the drawing! ヅ
Has the look of both water and sky. To me it looks like a dark storm is approaching. Marvelous energy
terrific art work.well done.5/5h
Double cool!
absolut superb :)
reminds me of mountains and waves--really like da colors n da dark frame really adds 2 it hehe--favss :3


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Jack Wilshere wants to captain Arsenal and England
Arsenal midfielder Jack Wilshere has revealed his long-term ambition is to captain both his club and country.
Last Updated: 21/05/13 8:31am
The 21-year-old will miss England's upcoming friendlies against Republic of Ireland and Brazil because of ongoing treatment to a nagging ankle injury.
But he said: "I want to captain Arsenal and I want to captain England. That definitely appeals to me. It's my ultimate dream. People say players are no longer bothered about wearing the England shirt.
"But for me it's the pinnacle of my job because club rivalries go out of the window and the entire nation comes together behind you - it's the best feeling."
Wilshere, who had screws inserted in his ankle back in 2011 to aid his recovery from a stress fracture, expects to be fit to play in England's friendly against Scotland at Wembley on August 14.
"I'm having an operation this week to deal with the irritating scar tissue caused by the screws, but it's a minor process and I'll only be rested up for a fortnight," he said.


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ADMIT, the Alma Data Mining toolkIT, is the official name of this funded ALMA Development Project, and covers May1, 2014-May 1, 2016. An ALMA Development Study (2012-2013) preceded this project , you can find that information under the old name, AStute
The ALMA Data Mining Toolkit (ADMIT) is a value-added software package which integrates with the ALMA archive and CASA to provide scientists with quick access to traditional science data products such as moment maps, and with new innovative tools for exploring data cubes and their many derived products. The goals of the package are to (1) make the scientific value of ALMA data more immediate to all users, (2) create an analysis infrastructure that allows users to build new tools, (3) provide new types of tools for mining the science in ALMA data, (4) increase the scientific value of the rich data archive that ALMA is creating, and (5) re-execute and explore robustness of the initial pipeline results. Version 1.0 was released to the public on May 9, 2016.
You should also find these document in our (currently CVS) code repository.
- ADMIT Proposal , a redacted version of the proposal submitted in 2013.
- Python Coding Standards (CASA)
- ALMA_Pipeline_Archive_Ingestion (v1.1 is current)
- dataproduct_name_recommendations.v4.3.pdf (if you want to know about the naming conventions)
Discussion of BDP structure
Here we describe some sample input data sets (FITS cubes) that ADMIT has been tested on (ALMA, CARMA, EVLA, ...). Some of these need a username/password, if they fall within the proprietary period of the corresponding observatory. ADMIT will produce a series of Basic Data Products (BDP) out of these. ADMITData
ADMIT Code
For now, follow the ADMIT Installation Notes. To grab an egg, look at [1]. this is now out-dated
We have an hourly buildbot running, with sphinx documention refreshed as well. A preview of the Admit Data Browser is available here
Other Code
Here we describe CASA codes related to ADMIT. Older code can be found under the AStute project.
- CARTA (ErikR et al.)
- MAGIX (ascl.1303.009) (Schilke et al.) ([2])
- ARTIST (Jorgenson et al.) contains IVAN
- radio-astro-tools [3] (AdamL et al.)
- Vissage [4], also presented at ADASS 2012 and 2013


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CHARLOTTE, N.C. --- Freshman Mike Chambers (Winston-Salem, N.C.) poured in a game-high 35 points to pace the Lees-McRae College men's basketball team on Friday evening, as No. 24 Livingstone College rallied from a first-half deficit en route to a 102-82 victory on opening night of the Johnson C. Smith University Tip-off Classic.
Livingstone (2-0) posted a field goal percentage of 47.7 percent on the night, including a 52.6 percent clip in the first half, while holding Lees-McRae (3-1) to a mark of 39.3 percent in the contest. The Blue Bears won the battle on the glass by a 46-36 margin, including a 26-17 advantage on the defensive boards, as the Bobcats converted 14 Livingstone turnovers into 17 points.
Chambers led the way for the Bobcats with a game- and season-high 35 points, connecting on 10-of-15 attempts from the floor, 3-of-4 from downtown, and 12-of-14 at the free throw line in 28 minutes. Darryl Bond (Nashville, Tenn.) added 13 points and a game-high nine rebounds, while Chambers pulled down eight boards. Darius Smith (Woodbridge, Va.) chipped in nine points and a contest-best four assists.
Mark Thomas and Jody Hill paced the Blue Bears with 28 and 27 points, respectively, as Eric Dubose added 12 points and three assists. Hill tallied a game-high four steals while Emarri Bailey and Anthony Welch each pulled down eight rebounds.
Lees-McRae got off to a strong start in the first half, taking an early 9-2 lead on a jumper by Donte Falls (Shelby, N.C.) before Livingstone responded, going on a 28-10 run to open a 30-19 advantage with 9:20 to go following a Hill triple. Livingstone continued to push the tempo over the next several minutes, pushing the margin to 58-42 heading into the break after DeAndre Tillman (Charlotte, N.C.) and Bond closed the half with a dunk and a trey.
The Bobcats fought back in the second half, trimming the lead to 80-68 following the second of two trifectas by Chambers with 10:10 to go. Livingstone countered with a 14-2 run, widening the gap to 94-70 with a pair of free throws from Dubose at the 7:24 mark. The Bobcats would finish strong, outscoring the Blue Bears over the final seven minutes with a stretch that included a nifty lay-in by Smith.
Lees-McRae returns to the court on Saturday when the Bobcats take on host Johnson C. Smith at 4 p.m. on the final day of the Golden Bulls' Tip-off Classic.


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Faux Pine Wreath - 24"
Bring home all the warmth and tradition of the holiday season with this beautiful handcrafted wreath! Authentic evergreens are gathered with clusters of pinecones and red berries for an extra festive touch. Whether it's decorating the front door or hung on the mantelpiece, it's a gift that will greet guests for many years to come.


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Microsoft Details Free Crackdown 2 DLC 'Toy Box,' Additional Content Priced at 560 Microsoft Points
"Toy Box" offers explosive free Game Add-on content to all "Crackdown 2" owning fans:
- Keys to the City: Made notorious in the first "Crackdown" expansion as the ultimate cheat mode, Keys to the City returns to "Crackdown 2" and puts an even bigger set of tools at your disposal, including God Mode, Infinite Ammo, Fly Cam, spawning of weapons, gadgets and more, the ability to freeze the time of day, and pushing all skills to the maximum to become faster, stronger and more lethal.
- Level 6 Reward: Fans who reach Level 6 on all Agent skills will be rewarded with the new Thruster Ability. Thruster Ability is like having jetpacks for your boots, giving Agents built-in vertical propulsion to activate flying with the Wingsuit no matter where you are in the game.
- Vehicle Tag*: Once you're done taking down the Freaks and the Cell, join your friends for a thrilling new multiplayer mode where up to eight Agents can compete in these six arenas: Speed is the Quay, Industrial Action, Maim Street, Skid Row, Beachhead and The Sum of Human Knowledge.
If that's not enough to get your heart racing, fans can purchase additional in-game content to extend their gaming experience for 560 Microsoft Points on Xbox LIVE Marketplace:
- Two New Vehicles*: Access two new vehicles: the wall climbing aquatic mini-tank called the Agency ATV and the Squad Chopper, which allows four players to jump in and man their own weapon, including the proximity mine launcher, precision rocket launcher, twin machine guns and nose machine gun.
- Five New Toys*: Whether you're soaring to greater heights or orchestrating a massive explosion, get creative with the following new toys: The Mass Driver (turreted gravity bending weapon), Portable Launch Pads (allows Agents to create their own launch pad jumps), Stickler Grenade (bouncing grenade that sets off smaller explosive charges as it bounces), Thrusters (allow vertical thrust), and Mags on Characters (allow Mag Grenades to be attached to characters).
- Two Avatar Awards: Deck your Agent in the latest gear. "Toy Box" offers two Avatar Awards to customize your Xbox LIVE Avatar with the Xbox Green Suit (must complete the Rocketeer Achievement) and Green Helmet.
10 New Achievements: Pacific City never sleeps and neither do the exploits. Industrious Agents will be rewarded with 10 new Achievements and 250 Gamerscore:
- Beyond the Infinite
- Run Get to the Chopper
- Rocketeer
- Tac Loc Takedown
- Burnt Offerings
- Mile High Club
- Never Give It Up
- One Careful Driver
- Wing a Ding Ding
- Hung Out To Dry
Eight Agent Suit Colors: Pick up eight new shades of in-game armor for your Agent:*Players who have not purchased the premium "Toy Box" content will only have access to the new vehicles and gadgets during multiplayer games if a friend who has purchased the premium content joins. Downloading "Toy Box" is not required to continue engaging in other multiplayer gameplay modes with those who have downloaded it.
- Peacekeeper
- Terror Firma
- Agent Orange
- May Contain Nuts
- Minti-Sting
- Mega Agent
- Haz Mat
- Dem Apples
From The Chatty


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Quote:With some of the discussions recently surrounding knives, weapons, injuries, and violent crime, and being a creature of probability based upon credible research, I thought I would provide some of the following research information that I utilize to support my thoughts, opinions, and training:Recently, the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics released their report (GSS Report) known as, Criminal Victimization in Canada 2004. It is important that the reader first understands that there are two primary statistical sources on issues surrounding crime in Canada:1. The Uniform Crime Report (UCR): this is a statistical census of all incidents reported by police services across Canada. The UCR collects data on over 100 categories of criminal offences2. The General Social Survey (GSS): this is a survey that records respondents personal account of criminal victimization incidents. The GSS captures information on 8 offences (Robbery, assault, sexual assault, theft of personal property, break and enter, motor vehicle theft, theft of household property, and vandalism)It is interesting to note that when one compares both reports, there are very little significant differences between the two.The 2004 GSS report has some nuggets, specific to violent crime, which those of us who teach safety awareness and self-protection should be aware of:More than one in four Canadians have been the victim of the 8 measured categories that are considered in the GSS report. Household crimes 34% Violent crimes 29% Thefts personal property 25%Rates of Violent Victimization shows no significant change since 1999Factors Influencing Risks of Violent Crime: Both women and men are experiencing similar levels of violent crime Mens rates of physical assault and robbery continue to be higher than women The rate of sexual assault for women was 5 times higher than men Young people were particularly vulnerable to violent crime. In 2004, the rate for Canadians aged 15-24 (226) was 1.5 to 19 times greater than the rate recorded for other age groups. The risk of violent victimization steadily declined as age increased. For example those aged 25-34 years had a rate of 157 per 1000, compared to a rate of 115 per 1000 for the next oldest age group (those aged 35-44 years) Surprise, surprise, participating in evening activities such as working or going to bars elevates riskProfile of Violent Victimization Incidents: Victims are most often victimized in commercial establishments or public institutions Excluding spousal violence, violent crimes were most likely to occur in a commercial place or public institution (38%). In particular, 14% of all violent incidents took place in an office, factory, store, shopping mall, 12% in a bar or restaurant, 7% in schools, and 5% in hospitals. In addition to being the most common location for violent victimization, commercial establishments were often the victims place of work (43%) Public places such as sidewalks, street and highways accounted for 9%, parking garages or parking lots 3%, rural areas or parks 3%, public transportation 2% 19% of violent crimes took place either in or outside the victims home Robbery most often took place on the street, 43% Both physical (39%) and sexual assaults (49%) were most likely to occur in commercial establishments. The most common commercial establishment where sexual assault occurred was a bar or restaurant (20%) or an office building, factory, store or shopping mall (19%) Physical assault took place most often in commercial establishments such as office buildings, factory, store or shopping mall (14%) followed by a bar or restaurant (11%) One quarter of violent crimes involved the use of a weapon Robberies were most likely to involve a weapon (45%), physical assaults (29%) sexual assaults (9%) Overall, knives were twice as likely to be used in a violent crime, as were guns (6% versus 3%). Other weapons recorded included bottles, bats, sticks, and rocks (17%) In 52% of violent incidents either alcohol or drugs played a role Most violent crimes involved a male acting alone (76%), while in about one in five crime incidents more than one accused was involved (22%). Of the three types of violent crimes, robberies were most likely to involve more than one accused (39%) Among the 76% of violent incidents in which one accused was involved, the vast majority of accused were male (87%) and this remained true for the three types of violent crimes, ranging from 86% of physical assaults to 91% of sexual assaults The majority of accused acting alone tend to be young, with one-half between the ages of 18-34 years Half of violent crimes are committed some someone known to the victim (51%). Strangers accounted for 44%. A small proportion (5%) of incidents were committed by a family member, however, this analysis excludes spousal violence. 25% of violent incidents result in victim being injured Only 33% of criminal incidents are reported to police in CanadaViolence Related Injuries Treated In Hospital Emergency Departments (Bureau Justice Statistics USA 1994)Although dated, this study does offer some nuggets: In 1994 1.3 million people treated in US emergency wards were for injuries contributed to violenceAlthough this number appears to be large, this only represents 1.5% of all visits to ERs 94% sustained injuries from the assault that required treatment 2% were injured during a completed or attempted robberyAccording to this study, 98% of all robberies committed the victim was not injured. This, to me, supports the fact that if someone wants your property give it to them. There are those who say that if robbed you should still fight because you dont know if the offender will beat you, stab you, or shoot you after they get what they want. Although this is a reality, it is a rarity (according to this study only 2% of the time). Of those treated in the ER: 34% were treated for bruises of similar injuries 31% for cuts or stabs (total of 433,500 victims) 17% for fractures, sprains, dislocations, dental injuries 5% for gun shots (70,300 victims) 5% for rapes 4% for concussions of other head injuriesPeople who committed these violent acts: 23% were strangers 23% were a friend or acquaintance 10% by a current of former boyfriend or girlfriend 8% by parent or sibling 7% by spouse of ex-spouseAgain this study confirms that most (77%) who will commit a violent act against you will be someone who you know, love, or trust. Although the unknown bad guy is a reality (especially when it comes to robberies), it is a rarity.In this study, they also found that approximately 14% of the victims or offenders had been drinking or using drugs.The next study of interest:US Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Stats 2005 7/10 victims stated that the attacker was someone they either knew, loved, or trusted This supports the above noted ER study. Both this study and the ER study also provide us, as trainers, with the fact that when it comes to neural based scenario training, we want to ensure that some of the aggressor in the script are described as someone the fighter knows, loves, or trusts. 74% stated those that robbed them was a strangerAgain, this stat, does support many other studies that have reported out that those who commit violent robberies are usually strangers. 53% of violent crimes occurred during the day 6am 6pmMost people believe that violent crimes occur at a much higher frequency during nighttime hours. Again this study, as well as others, proves this to be wrong. For violent crimes, about half occurred within a mile from home, and 76% within 5 miles. Only 4% reported that the crime took place more than 50 miles from their home.Anecdotally, I believe that human nature makes us believe that the closer to home we are, the safer we will be. Because of this fact, we have a tendency to lower our awareness radar the closer we are to home, which sends a message to a potential predator; TARGET. The fact remains that awareness and vigilance is an important safety attribute that we need to employ at all times.  24% of incidents involved a weaponAccording to this study, almost ¼ of all violent incidents involved a weapon. Unfortunately they do not break down the weapon type specific to this stat. However, when it came to homicides the study found: 71% were committed with a firearm (55% handgun 16% long gun) 14% with knives 5% with blunt objects 11% with other weaponThese numbers support the fact that weapon defence training should form an important part of self-protection training.Unlike the ER study (14%), this report found that 30% of offenders were reported to be intoxicated by alcohol or drug. Another study of interest:Weapon Use and Violent Crime 1993-2001, Bureau of Justice Statistics USA 26% of violent victimizations between 1993-2001 involved a weaponThis stat supports the above-noted 2005 DOJ study Of the 26% of violent victimizations, 10% were committed with firearms, 6% with knives, and the other 10% with other weapons such as blunt objects While victimization involving knives comprised 6% of all violent crimes resulting in an injury, these victimizations accounted for about 24% of all serious injuries experienced by crime victims compared with firearms 13%, and blunt weapons 20%.Specific to Robberies, I offer the following study from Great Britain, which also reflects what is happening in Canada and the US as well: A Qualitative Study of The Role of Violence In Street Crime, U.K. 2002In this research study, the authors identified five main motives for street robberies:(1) Good Times / Partying:Money or property obtained was used to finance gambling, drugs, or alcohol. In most cased the property/money obtained was used for pleasure pursuits such as partying or having a good time.(2) Keeping up appearance / flash Cash:Here the proceeds of a robbery are used to purchase non-essential, status-enhancing itmes such as jewellery, clothing, vehicles so as to show off on the street.(3) Buzz/Excitement:Known as the seduction of crime, the robbery offers a high that offers emotional benefits that was seen to be both fun and exciting to the criminal. Some even reported that the buzz was greater when the victim resisted. When the victim did resist, the challenge to the robber was even greater and so too was the reward of ultimately winning over and completing the robbery. (another reason why, in my opinion not to resist a property type robbery)(4) Anger/Desire:Robbery is prompted by anger to start a fight, with cash being taken only as an afterthought. Here the attackers primary aim was to attack somebody and the level of violence used to commit the offence was beyond that required to secure the victims compliance(5) Informal Justice / Rights Wronged:Here a robbery was committed as a kind of informal justice in which the offender felt he/she had righted some wrong done to them. Taking Back money they believed was owed to them was the main factorThis study also found a direct correlation between drugs and robbery as well. In this study the authors found 4 main drug related motives for robbery:(1) To fund dependant drug use (based upon desperation)(2) To fund recreational drug use (more of a desire to party than addiction based)(3) Robberies committed under the influence of drugs (about 15% of robberies)(4) Drug involvement in the commission of robbery as part of informal justice. (Example: he sold me two bags of bunk and I realized it wasnt the heroin I paid for, so I took my money back, punched him in the face and took off)Specific to weapons, this study reported that of the 100 criminals interviewed, who committed a robbery: 28% reported carrying a gun 35% reported carrying another weapon other than a gun 37% reported carrying no weaponThe last study of interest: Non-Firearm Weapon Use and injury Severity: Priorities For Prevention U.K. 2006 Study sample 24,660 ER patients injured in a reported assault Men accounted for 74.5% of the sample 21.5% of injuries were committed with a weapon. Of these 11% of all injuries were inflicted with a sharp object, and 10.5% were inflicted with a blunt object Most patients had one injury 81% 14.6% had two injuries 4.5% had more than two injuries 62% victims reported being attacked by one person 12.3% victims reported being attacked by two persons 25.7% victims reported being attacked by three or more persons 41.1% of injuries sustained were to the face 24.9% of injuries were sustained to head and neck 5.3% of injuries were to the thorax 2.5% of injuries were to the abdomen 20% of injuries were to the upper limbs 6.3% of injuries were to the lower limbs 2.4% of patients lost consciousness during the assault Weapon use was more likely to result in serious injury than if a weapon was not used Compared with being injured with a fist, the use of blunt objects, feet, sharp objects and other body parts was considerably more likely to result in severe injuryWhat was most interesting in this research study, was the fact that they found the use of feet resulted in the greatest injury severity, when compared to the use of other blunt objects, and that sharp object (edged weapons) was the next most likely to result in severe injury. To me this is another reason why one cannot stay on the ground given the probability of being kicked or stomped by your attacker or their friends.Specific to knives, I attempted to locate research specific to:1. At what point did the offender have their weapon deployed, and2. What kind of occurrence rate is there for knife to knife encountersUnfortunately I could not find any Peer reviewed research on these two topics, but I did just recently read a book by James Lafond called, The Logic of Steel, a Fighters View of Blade and Shank Encounters 2001. Based upon a large number of interviews (1000 separate acts of violence), the author created something that he called a Violence Index. Although not a peer reviewed scientific study, Lafond does offer some retrospective empirical/anecdotal research that is of some interest and does correspond with some of the above noted research: 59% of incidents occur outside 59% of incident occurred after dark 69% of incidents were described as an attack rather than a consensual fight 53% involved alcohol or drugs 25% of violence resulted in at least one party being knocked out 63% of violent acts were resolved in less than 10 seconds 25% of violent acts lasted from 10 seconds to 1 minute 13% lasted more than a minute 57% of aggressions were successful, 32% by knockout 13% of defences were successful, 50% by knockout 32% of aggressors were armed 8% of defenders were armed 7% of aggressors required medical attention 28% of defenders required medical attention 1% of aggressors died 4% of aggressors diedSpecific to incidents of weapon use per 1000 acts reviewed: Edged weapons 11% Firearms 10% Clubs, rocks, sticks 8%According to LaFond, in most edged weapon attacks, the attacker already had their weapon deployed, and the vast majority of attacks lasted less than 10 seconds. This supports the fact that unless the fighter (defender) already has their knife pre-deployed prior to engagement, the defender will have very little time to deploy their own weapon. This fact is also compounded when you also factor in Survival Stress Reaction, retrieving a holstered or pocketed knife, combined with the attackers already violent engagement. Specific to knife-to-knife encounters, LaFond reported that this type of occurrence in extremely rare.So what do I take from all of this research:1. Violent crime overall has not risen and is in fact on a slight downturn2. Most violent crimes are committed very close to home3. Most violent crime is committed by someone you either know, love, or trust (other than robberies)4. Alcohol and drugs are contributing factors in about 1/3 of all violent incidents5. Weapons (Firearms, Knives, and Clubs) are used in about ¼ of all violent crimes6. In robberies involving weapons, only 2% result in injury to the victim7. There is about a 50/50 chance that you will be the victim of a violent crime during daytime or nighttime hours8. There is a 1 in 3 chance that you will be faced with multiple opponents9. Staying up on your feet and mobile offers a better chance of not being severely injured10. If grounded, there is a greater chance of being severely injured from being kicked or stomped11. Knife attacks happen very quickly, and are over just as quickly (under 10 seconds)12. In most knife assaults, the attacker already has their weapon deployed13. Your chance of effectively deploying your knife during a deadly force engagement decreases given time, space, and distance to your threat.14. The probability of finding oneself in a knife-to-knife duel in North American or the U.K is negligible. Although most of the above information is nothing new too most, the cited research helps to strengthen our position when it comes to training. Often when conversing in forums, it is not uncommon to be challenges on thoughts or opinions. Although one can do anything with stats, the information in this posting can provide the research needed to support the who, what, where, how, and why of what we do and why we have the opinions we do. Anecdotal information is often used to support ones beliefs. Dont get me wrong, anecdotal experiences/information is at times very valuable, BUT if one can support their anecdotal with empirical retrospective or prospective research (especially if peer reviewed), it can pack, excuse the pun, a one two punch that is very hard to attack !!!!!! The above noted information can also go a long way in help you to design Neural Based Scenario Training sessions
. Darren
Quote:Good find, ExCon. I'll put a link on Shoshinkan's acts of violence sticky.
Quote:Combined with the fact that knives have no real stopping power to them
Quote:No stopping power?
Quote:Imo the conclusion made by Darren Laur that most knife attacks happen so quickly that you wont be able to effectively deploying your own knife in defense is right on the money.
Quote:The moral of the story is that no undeployed weapon can be expected by itself only to stop a knife attack once begun.
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Working with the Task Pane in Office 2003
Sometimes when you choose a command in an Office 2003 application, such as the New command in the File menu, Microsoft Office 2003 needs more information from you before it can do anything else. In the case of the New command, Office 2003 has no idea whether you want to create a new blank file or a new file based on a template.
So when Office 2003 needs to display additional options for you to choose from, Office 2003 shows those options as links in a window, called the task pane, which appears to the right side of the screen, as shown in Figure 1.
Every Office 2003 program includes several different types of task panes. Each type provides options for performing one particular task, such as creating a new slide (in PowerPoint), creating a mail merge document (in Word), or displaying help for that particular program (in all Office 2003 programs).
Using the task pane
When you choose a command, the task pane may appear to show you all the options available. To choose an option, just click a link, which appears highlighted in blue.
You can also identify links in the task pane by moving the mouse pointer over text. If the text appears underlined and the mouse pointer turns into a pointing hand icon, that means the mouse pointer is over a link.
After you choose an option from the task pane, Office 2003 removes the task pane from view so you can get back to work again.
Hiding and displaying the task pane
In case you want to display the task pane without waiting to choose a command that will open the task pane for you, do one of the following:
- Click View –> Task pane
- Press Ctrl+F1
If you want to hide the task pane from view, just click the Close box of the task pane.
Navigating through the task pane
The task pane can display different types of information at various times, which means there's a good chance that the task pane won't display the information you want to see at any given moment. Fortunately, you can change the type of information that appears in the task pane by using either the task pane list box or the Back, Forward, or Home buttons (see Figure 2).
The Home button displays the home page of the task pane, which is where you can create a new file or open an existing one. If you click a link in the task pane, the task pane displays different information.
Clicking the Back button displays the previous information that appeared in the task pane. If you click the Back button and suddenly decide you want to return to that task pane, just click the Forward button.
If you click on the Task Pane list box, you can view all the other types of information that the task pane can display, such as the Help task pane or the Clipboard task pane, as shown in Figure 3.


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Louis Vuitton Mini Looping Monogram Handbag Authentic Pre Owned
This item is no longer available
Authenticity code: Louis Vuitton SD0023
This authentic Louis Vuitton Monogram Canvas Mini Looping bag has an amazing shape. It is the type of bag that can be worn for any occasion and will remain stylish forever. It is the smallest model of the Looping bunch. It features a padded natural leather moving handle. It also features a magnetic snap closure, one interior zip pocket, and gold tone hardware.
Authentic: Pre-Owned
Exterior: Gently used
Interior: Gently used
Measurements: (Approx.) 11" L x 3.5" W x 7" H.
Product Code: 102674
Read more about Louis Vuitton Date Code here.
All photos are of actual item being sold. © 2007-2019 LuxeDH.
This Louis Vuitton® item is guaranteed to be authentic. Louis Vuitton is a registered trademark of Louis Vuitton. LuxeDH is not affiliated with or represents Louis Vuitton in any way or form.


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Teairra Mari - Stay
Ex. Producer: C. Love
Director: Nick Palmer
Producer/ Set Designer: Michael Keeling
DP: Ron Mcpherson
Editor: Nick Palmer @ LETSFILMIT
Color: Nick Palmer @ LETSFILMIT
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Not the most concise title but I wanted to cover a bit of ground with it. I am leading a week long Multi Platform development residential lab next week in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales with some of the worlds leading mentors and Australia's top projects – all linked to Screen Australia. This is followed by a one day seminar in Melbourne called 'Idea to Market' and top and tailing all of this, I have taken up the Executive Producer ABC Multi Platform TV role. More on each coming up.
Intensive Clinic
As you know last year I founded StoryLabs, a global transmedia IP development network, with 3 other individuals in Canada, US and UK. Then, new format funding body, Screen Australia who were looking for a very practical, production orientated rapid development structure for their Digital Ignition initiative, looked to StoryLabs.
Screen Australia has engaged transmedia collective StoryLabs to direct the first workshop, under the guidance of its key founder Gary Hayes. He is recognised as one of the foremost digital thinkers. An award-winning multi-platform producer, author, educator and director. The founding director of global multi-platform training initiative StoryLabs he has recently become Exec Producer of ABC Multi Platform TV. He was the director of AFTRS's LAMP program for 5 years, was Senior Interactive Development Producer at the BBC for 8 years, and was a Social TV Producer in the US. Gary has designed and lead multi-platform/transmedia courses internationally and in Australia with AFTRS and Metro Screen. He also runs MUVEDesign (creating story based augmented reality, virtual worlds and transmedia) and the influential media and marketing site PersonalizeMedia.. Gary will be supported by up to eight high-calibre international and domestic experts.
"The Digital Ignition Multi-platform Clinic falls within the suite of support offered through our All Media Program, which seeks to ignite and strengthen digital understanding, expertise and activity within the Australian screen content sector," said Screen Australia Investment Manager Mike Cowap. "We're thrilled to be working with Gary and his StoryLabs network to make this as rich and practical a workshop as possible."
Founder of StoryLabs Gary Hayes said, "We'll deliver a highly structured program focused on all the important practical topics, including storytelling, user experience, design, technical, business and marketing. We'll be using case studies and tried and tested exercises to hone participants' processes, and ensure they leave with a tangible 'bible' and clear list of next steps for their project to get it off the ground."


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- Middle East x
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- Keywords: trade liberalization x
Capital Controls and the Gains from Trade in a Business Cycle Model of a Small Open Economy »
Source: IMF Staff papers : Volume 38 No. 3
Volume: 38
Series: IMF Staff Papers
Author(s): International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 January 1991
Keywords: current account, real exchange, real exchange rate, exchange rate, trade liberalization
Trade liberalization in developing countries is frequently opposed on the grounds that, because it is likely to cause a deterioration in the external balance, it may not be a viable policy option for countries faci...


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Following a Pregame Routine with Your Junior Football Team
A good pregame routine helps set the tone for a safe and fun-filled day of soccer. Keep these tips in mind before the game begins.
Inspect the pitch for loose rocks, broken glass, raised sprinkler heads, or anything else that could injure a child.
Verify that all the kids brought the proper equipment.
Have the kids warm up. Keep the drills light, cover all the muscle groups that will be used in the game, and involve a large number of soccer skills to properly prepare kids for the game.
Give the kids a toilet break before the game begins.
Provide encouraging words and a pat on the back to boost kids' confidence and enhance self-esteem.