text:
No. 79,597
1. Substantial evidence is such legal and relevant evidence as a reasonable person might accept as being sufficient to support a conclusion.
2. Under K.S.A. 77-621(c)(7), appellate courts must consider the whole record in determining whether findings are supported by substantial evidence.
Appeal from the Workers Compensation Board. Opinion filed January 29, 1999. Reversed and remanded with directions.
Timothy A. Short, of Spigarelli, McLane & Short, of Pittsburg, for appellant.
Wade A. Dorothy and Douglas M. Greenwald, of McAnany, Van Cleave & Phillips, P.A., of Kansas City, for appellee.
Before BRAZIL, C.J., ROYSE and GREEN, JJ.
GREEN, J.: David Joe Edwards appeals from an order of the Kansas Workers Compensation Board (Board). On appeal, Edwards contends that the Board erroneously calculated his average wage. We agree and reverse and remand for recalculation of Edwards' average wage.
Edwards worked for Klein Tools, Inc., for approximately 16 years and was earning $12.87 per hour. While attempting to move a die block in May 1994, Edwards twisted his back. He felt a sharp pain around his belt line. He reported his injury to his supervisors. When Edwards was released to return to work, he was limited to light-duty work.
Edwards again injured his back in June 1994, developing a debilitating pain in the back of his leg. In September 1994, he stopped work because of the leg pain. In October 1994, a physician determined that the leg pain was caused by a herniated disc. Another physician linked the disc problem to the on-the-job back injuries.
In January and February 1995, Edwards filed applications for workers compensation hearings, which were consolidated. Although he received a physician's release for light-duty work in May 1995, Klein Tools refused to allow him to return to work without a no-limitation release. Edwards then began working at a service station, performing light-duty work and earning $6 per hour. More than a year later, in July 1996, Klein Tools offered him a position as a grinder at $9.05 per hour, which Edwards declined.
The parties stipulated to injury on the job, notice, compensability, and a 10 percent permanent partial general body impairment; they also stipulated to an average pre-injury weekly wage of $718.06 and fringe benefits of $184.40. In February 1997, the administrative law judge calculated Edwards' average weekly wage based on the grinder position which he had refused. The Board affirmed the wage calculation.
The Act for Judicial Review and Civil Enforcement of Agency Actions, specifically K.S.A. 77-621(c), provides the grounds upon which relief may be granted in appeals of workers compensation awards entered on or after October 1, 1993. See K.S.A. 1997 Supp. 44-556(a). K.S.A. 77-621 provides:
"(c) The court shall grant relief only if it determines any one or more of the following:
. . . .
(7) the agency action is based on a determination of fact, made or implied by the agency, that is not supported by evidence that is substantial when viewed in light of the record as a whole, which includes the agency record for judicial review, supplemented by any additional evidence received by the court under this act." (Emphasis added.)
"Substantial evidence is such legal and relevant evidence as a reasonable person might accept as being sufficient to support a conclusion." In re Tax Appeal of Collingwood Grain, Inc., 257 Kan. 237, Syl. ¶ 2, 891 P.2d 422 (1995).
K.S.A. 1997 Supp. 44-510e(a)computes compensation based on loss of job performance ability "averaged together with the difference between the average weekly wage the worker was earning at the time of the injury and the average weekly wage the worker is earning after the injury." (Emphasis added.)
Relying on Foulk v. Colonial Terrace, 20 Kan. App. 2d 277, 887 P.2d 140 (1994), rev. denied 257 Kan. 1091 (1995), the Board rejected Edwards' claim that he did not voluntarily take himself out of the labor market or that he did not try to manipulate the workers compensation system. The Board's reliance on Foulk is misplaced.
In Foulk, this court interpreted an earlier version of the statute to include a good-faith requirement on the worker's part to find suitable employment following an injury. In Foulk, the employer offered a job to the injured worker. Although the job was within the worker's ability to perform, the worker refused to attempt the job. The worker then claimed the post-injury average weekly wage was zero, which would have had the effect of increasing the award. The court rejected this attempt and imputed the salary of the offered job, holding:
"The legislature clearly intended for a worker not to receive compensation where the worker was still capable of earning nearly the same wage. Further, it would be unreasonable for this court to conclude that the legislature intended to encourage workers to merely sit at home, refuse to work, and take advantage of the workers compensation system." 20 Kan. App. 2d at 284.
Factually, this case is distinguishable from Foulk. Here, Edwards accepted the service station job only after Klein Tools refused to offer him a light-duty position. Moreover, Edwards had worked at the service station job for over a year before Klein Tools offered him a position within his work restrictions. This offer was made only a short time before the hearing and after almost all the discovery had been completed. Finally, the record indicates that the grinder job was temporary. Evidence was introduced that layoffs were planned at the plant and that the die production work would be transferred to another plant.
K.S.A. 77-621(c)(7) requires that we consider the "record as a whole" in determining whether the Board's findings are supported by substantial evidence. When viewed in light of the record as a whole, we determine that the Board erred in neglecting to consider the evidence mentioned in the preceding paragraph. Furthermore, the Board should have considered the entire time period between Edwards' last injury and Klein Tools' offer of the grinder position in calculating Edwards' average weekly wage. As a result, the Board's average weekly wage calculation is not supported by substantial competent evidence.
On remand, the Board should calculate Edwards' average weekly wage by considering the number of weeks unemployed, the number of weeks working at the service station before the job offer, and the number of weeks working at the imputed wage once the job was offered.
Reversed and remanded with directions.


text:
Live conference blog: The social revolution
4 steps to maximizing your social media efforts.
Please excuse any typos. This is a live blog.
"Today communication is not just transactional. We're moving from an era of transaction to engagement," says Dux Raymond Sy (@MeetDux), PMP Managing Partner, Innovative-e.
Four steps to help you maximize your social media efforts:
1. Define success criteria.
Don't engage in social media because it's what all the cool kids are doing. Be intentional. Have a purpose.
Identify your goals.
Are you trying to spur engagement? Build your brand? Encourage sales? Tap the industry pulse?
Know your cost considerations.
Do you have the right tools? Do you have the right staff? Do you have the ability to advertise effectively?
Have the right metrics in place to gauge thought leadership, sales and customer service
2. Integrate your existing business strategy.
Social media channels augment existing business strategies. A holistic approach is key.
Example: Promoting an event
Launch the event.
Call for speakers, promote via blog posts, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Flickr.
Build momentum.
Create news release template for all sponsors, create a social media schedule, use scheduled tweets and Facebook blog posts, have articles on partner sites, and use video interviews for promos.
During the event.
Live blog, create session hashtags, use Twitter during events, use video streaming, and try something fun, like a talent show.
Sy calls this social networking at its finest.
3. Use relevant tools
You can connect LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter. Seismic can be used on phones and on tablets.
Sy uses this to schedule tweets.
Shortens URLs, you can add it to your browser. You can also save links and do light analytics on how many people have clicked on a particular link.
4. Amplify
You should aim to influence influencers. Maximize your "echo" system by encouraging people to participate in social media with you. During his closing keynote, Sy encouraged people to tweet and create an interactive, memorable experience.
And he took it a step further, he taught #RaganMSFT attendees how to Gangnam Style.
Special shout out to @Tosolini for being on hand to capture the video via iPhone – great example of using phones to capture moments as they happen.
Gabe Zichermann (@GZicherm), Conference Chair, Gamification Summit, and Editor, Gamification.Co, began by explaining five core ways to raise your fluid intelligence, which is the driver of innovation:
- Think creatively.
- Network.
- Challenge yourself.
- Seek novelty.
- Do things the hard way.
As games challenge people to do a number of the above things, they help increase fluid intelligence.
People are compelled to engage in games because when you challenge yourself to try something and you achieve it, your brain secretes dopamine which makes you feel good. This is intrinsic reinforcement.
Gamification the best ideas from games to change behaviors.
To understand how—and why—gamification works, it's important to look at the hierarchy of rewards
1) Status
This allows people to "level up." Biologically, we are wired to desire status. In a study of baboons, researchers found that the highest status baboons have the lowest amount of cortisol (stress chemicals) in their blood.
2) Access
Access involves living people an in, be it access to people or things.
3) Power
Appeals to the desire to have control over something or someone.
4) Stuff
Reward people with cash, prizes, badges, etc.
Zichermann shares examples of companies that successfully use gamification:
Codecademy, a company that helps people learn code, uses gamification to make learning code more interesting and compelling. The gamified system Codecademy created focuses on making learning code fun and aligning teachers and students with incentive structures. Teachers constantly positively reinforce students, which keeps them coming back for more.
Take home: When encouraging employees or your audience to engage in a particular behavior, reinforce the behavior you want to see. Understand that fun is a key element in encouraging people to engage. Codecademy used the power of 'stuff' to encourage people through praise.
StackOverFlow seems, at first glance, to be another Q & A website like Quora, but it's more than that. A million people log on to answer questions about particular software—for free. This includes the world's top software developers.
Why would they do this for free? Because they play for virtual currency, known as 'creds.' A certain amount of creds makes you an expert at a topic. You achieve status in your area of expertise.
Take home: Know what's important to your audience. Everyone wants status and people enjoy stuff–in the form of 'creds' here.
Diaper Dash
One would think that after a long day of being a mom, the last thing any mother would want to do is play a virtual game in which the core challenge is managing babies. But recent moms greatly enjoy this game. Why? It allows them to express themselves, train, and learn more about what they love.
Take home: Build on people's interests. Understand their challenges and how you can make their lives easier through games.
NextJump created an employee incentive program to encourage employees to work out. The owner of the company is passionate about working out and understands the benefits of exercise, to name one, people who work out are cognitively superior to those who don't.
NextJump built an app that incentivized employees with money. 12 employees began working out consistently. NextJump took it a step further and introduced two game mechanics. One that allows people to play in teams and another that sets up leader boards to pit teams against each other.
Nearly 80 percent of NextJump's employees work out now.
Take home: You can't force people to do something they don't want to do. NextJump incentivized people through power—the power to have one team reign supreme over another.
Instead of annual reviews, companies like Spotify and Facebook use Rypple, an app that tracks employee data on a different level. When people help each other, they can track it in a gamified manner. This makes the process more organic, rewarding and appealing.
Take home: Be creative. Use games to change systems and encourage participation.
Thomas Smith (@ThomasSmith), Social Media Director at Disney Destinations, shares top tips for creating powerful presence on social media.
Disney is a powerful brand. But a great brand isn't enough to foster and grow a social media presence. Luckily, Disney knows how to create an impressive network.
"Well, a mother, a real mother is the most wonderful person in the world." – Peter Pan
Disney knows this. Everything Disney has done on social media stems from the Walt Disney World Mom's Panel .Knowing your brand's advocates is key to communicating your message and growing your network. Let your fans help build your brand.
"Curiosity often leads to trouble." – Alice
But Alice ended up having so much fun. Smith challenges social media communicators to "Ask what if? And why not? Be curious."
Look at your social media strategy and consider what you might try to make it different and better.
"Can you feel the love tonight?" – The Lion King
You have to get people to experience a story and feel the emotion. "We want stories that are so good they're contagious," says Smith.
"Dig a little deeper. Think of something you've never thought of before." – Winnie the Pooh
Find creative ways to showcase your brand and stories. Disney creates Facebook pages for popular characters from movies. Dory the fish from 'Finding Nemo' has her own Facebook page, and it's popular!
"Listen to me. The human world is a mess." – Sebastian
Sebastian is right. The human world is a mess—as is the world of social media. Disney "adds structure to the unstructured," as Smith says, with an in-depth social media editorial calendar. Disney hosts 'Mystery Monday', 'Moms panel Tuesday' and more on its blog.
An editorial calendar creates structure so you're not starting from scratch every week. It also helps people anticipate certain content.
"With you here, I know life is more fun." – Winnie the Pooh
On the Disney Parks Blog they have a lot of two way engagement with experts. It gives people access to Disney and humanizes the brand. People have also have access to executive leadership. As Smith says, "People connect with people."
The live chats Disney hosts on its blog are peppered with images, schematics, drawings and more to keep viewers engaged and commenting.
"Today's special moments are tomorrow's memories." – Genie
Give a little. Disney offered fans from its blog exclusive access to new rides. Give your fans something to remember you by.
Ryan Penagos (@Agent_M), Executive Editorial Director for Marvel Entertainment's Digital Media Group, shares tips to create an engaged, enthusiastic following on Twitter.
Marvel is a fun brand with legions of loyal followers. But it's the creativity and personality that its social media team uses that makes Marvel's Twitter account one to emulate.
Penagos shares his top tips:
Create a personality for your brand.
Marvel has unique voices for each of its characters. Deadpool – @RealDeadPool –a psychopath comic book character, tweets rants that multiple people from Marvel's social media team contribute to. This expresses the chaotic nature of the character.
Tip: If you have multiple Twitter accounts, make sure you're always tweeting from the right one.
Use Twitter to help launch events.
Twitter can be used to create excitement around an event. Marvel hosted a Twitter chat to create buzz around the movie 'The Avengers' and asked writer/director Joss Whedon to contribute to the chat, as well as stars Tom Hiddleston, Samuel L. Jackson and others.
Should you create multiple handles?
At first, Penagos was against creating a handle specifically for the popular movie/superhero team 'The Avengers.' He thought it might detract from the @Marvel Twitter handle. But after further thought, he realized that Avengers fans are a very specific group of people that should be catered to. It's about finding that balance between potential and already built-in interest.
Create intrigue.
Penagos uses the hashtag #seeeekrits to create intrigue around content he tweets. Tease your fans a bit—but not too much!
Be authentic when considering partnerships on Twitter.
Make sure it makes sense for your brand and your brand's followers. Be authentic. @AgentM—fun fact—doesn't like soda. So he won't work with soda companies and push tweets about drinking soda. His followers would find this inauthentic because they've built a relationship with him.
Thank your fans.
Marvel created the hashtag #AvengersFanoftheday to thank fans on a daily basis.
Be creative!
In a comic book series, Marvel character Wolverine created a school—The Jean Grey School—in honor of his love. Writers and editors of the series added Twitter feeds to the comic. They gave each fictional student a handle and have them go field trips on Twitter. @JeanGreySchool interacts with the children's accounts and fans.
Sean O'Driscoll (@seanodmvp), CEO and co-founder, Ant's Eye View shares thoughts on social engagement.
"Social engagement is a journey," says O'Driscoll.
He briefly outlines the steps as:
Stage 1 – Traditional:
Traditional command and control business operations use one way communication to drive business outcomes.
Stage 2 – Experimental:
Dabbling in social engagement occurs but is discounted to business operations. Fractured tools, siloed efforts and disparate measures reign.
When you're in the experimental stage, you're probably not considering ROI.
Stage 3 – Operational
Social engagement is more embedded in business operations. Internal training, channel alignment and campaign integration. You're beginning to deliver tangible results.
Stage 4 – Measurable
Social engagement drives real business results with systems and tools fully optimized to support confident and competent employees. You're fully harnessing online relationships.
Regarding data, "Nobody needs more data, you need more insight. The problem with tools is they give you a river of data."
Stage 5 – Fully engaged:
Social engagement and customer experience is part of the organization's DNA. Increased revenue and loyalty are realized.
O'Driscoll then shared the difference between influencers and advocates
Influencers – What they do to influence others is typically commingled with their profession. Someone who actively shares their opinions, passion expertise through their large personal and professional networks.
Advocates – Someone who proactively defends promotes and participates in the public conversation for a particular brand, product service or cause
How do you build a sense of parenthood around your product, brand, idea and build a network that will defend it to the death? Everyone's seen an ugly baby, but no one's ever had one. You're going to defend what you love!
And, as mentioned, social engagement is a journey. The three stages of engagement are:
I like you: You meet my functional needs. That's satisfaction.
I love you: That's loyalty. Relationship orientation. The product exceed expectations. People are actively engaged with the brand and recommend the brand.
I defend you: This is the end goal. People will go out of their way to tell naysayers that they're wrong and why they're wrong. That's advocacy.
Frank X Shaw (@FXShaw), Corporate Vice President of Corporate Communications at Microsoft, shares top tips to help communicators manage the ever-changing world of communications.
The publishing explosion, as Shaw calls it, has changed the way people and companies communicate.
Today, there are dynamic influencers that change all the time. Shaw likens this trend to the political debate last night and the ease and frequency with which people were able to share opinions on social media.
This explosion allows companies to directly tell their story in a way that's crisp, compelling and unhindered. Shaw quipped that when Microsoft started publishing original content on its website that expressed the company's views, reporters were up in arms saying, "You have no right to tell your story directly, that's our job."
Internally, the explosion of publishing spurs companies like Microsoft to publish content that connects and resonates with employees.
And on social media, you can target an audience with the content you choose to publish. Shaw stresses the importance of using images to share your message as well as creating a particular tone that invites readers to engage with the company.
"Engaging invites attention," Shaw maintains. When encouraging engagement, ask yourself these questions:
- Do you have the right resources to engage or respond? Are you using social media?
-Are you able to monitor it adequately and respond as necessary?
- Do you know when to engage?
-Know that there's a time and a place to get your message across.
- Are you using the right tone to communicate your message?
-If you're going to employ humor, you need to know what you're doing and how to do it well.
- What is the value you can deliver or contribute?
-You can say as many things as you want, but what is the value you can provide?
– Shaw cites Microsoft's internal blog as a way that the company delivers useful, valuable information.
- Do you know how to shift the conversation in your favor?
-If people are talking about your company on say, social media, are you able to shift conversations to convey the message you want to share?
- Does the risk of engaging outweigh the reward?
-Consider the risk of communicating your message. Think about the impact your message might make.
Drew Keller, (@DrewKeller) Owner of StoryGuide, shares best practices in using video for branding
There's more to video than simply pointing and shooting and hoping for the best. Videos can be used to capture your brand's message, draw in your target audience and elevate your brand to new levels.
Ask yourself these questions before creating a video:
1) Why am I making a video?
Is it just because your CEO thinks you should? You should know who you're trying to reach, if video is the appropriate medium and understand that video is a part of a larger narrative.
2) What are your expectations?
It shouldn't be about the number of views, but about communicating an emotional expectation. Your story should have a beginning, middle and an end. As viewers, we engage in things by projecting ourselves into situations. You audience should be able to relate to the video.
3) Am I actually funny?
Humor is hard. There's a rhythm and a cadence to comedy that you have to understand. In corporations, funny pieces are almost always done at the expense of someone else. Sometimes using stereotypes. This can be a questionable practice. It's the easy joke.
4) Do you know your audience?
Do you have a clear idea of who you're trying to reach? As Keller says, "If your audience is everybody, it's no one." Think about who's most likely to share your content – these 'tastemakers' drive awareness.
5) Are you providing any form of newness?
Unexpected things and elements of surprise engage people. Don't make your content the same as everyone else's. Create something that has a sense of newness to it and stands out from the crowd.
Quick take-home video tips:
- Be consistent
- Tell a unique, creative and compelling story
- The tone of your message should fit company values
- All brand assets must fit your brand identity
- You should be able to respond quickly to challenges
- Like everything else in life, sweat the details
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Electrical Engineering
- Area/Department Website: Graduate School
Electrical engineering isn't just about keeping the lights on. Today's electrical engineers are expert thinkers and problem solvers, and they can be found working in high-tech start-ups, global organizations, power companies and research laboratories.
A degree in electrical engineering prepares students to develop solutions to urgent problems in areas including generating and regulating electric power supplied to the home, manipulating signals for communication purposes, and designing specialized circuits.
In addition to receiving a well-rounded education in electrical engineering, students in the bachelor's degree program can choose to pursue an emphasis in biomedical engineering or renewable energy.
Our graduates have the ability to work with sensors, acquire data, process signals and information, model complex systems, and integrate various sources of energy in distributed power systems.
Related Degrees and Programs
- Electrical Engineering, Minor
- Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
- Master of Science in Electrical Engineering
- Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering
Contact Electrical and Biomedical Engineering
|(775) 784-6927
|(775) 784-6627
|Scrugham Engineering and Mines


text:
brianv 4 Oct 8 2010, 11:38 PM wrote:
:lol: :D :P
hoi.polloi @ Oct 9 2010, 04:46 AM wrote: brianv, please refrain from this type of humor.
This would be the second photoshopped photo that was created by a poster here - just to make fun of the official perps' photoshopping.
Although it is extremely tempting to go on a crazy spree of making obviously ridiculous pictures, we must keep the pressure on the perps for their fakery crimes and not join in on them.
That is, of course, unless you actually found this picture of Mr. Fetchett somewhere?
(Which at this point is sadly plausible based on the atrocious obvious photoshopping of the "official" pics ... )
Sorry to be a party-pooper.
It is really quite hilarious.
brianv @ Oct 28 2010, 02:54 PM wrote: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HB8ezJ0V6tk
...I went back to acting school......
brianv wrote:Right near the bottom of the Contract Page....
http://voicesofseptember11.org/dev/cont ... ,782606287Send your photo collection and your release forms, by mail, to:
Ms. Debbie Westfal, Voices of September 11th Connecticut Headquarters
161 Cherry Street, New Canaan, CT 06840
Google Debbie Westfal
http://www.nationalspacesymposium.org/s ... h-westphalManaging Partner
Toffler Associates
Ms. Westphal is the managing director of Toffler Associates and advisor to senior executives in the public and private sectors on strategy, growth and innovation. She helps organizations understand the forces that drive change in their industries and the world, and identifies the best courses of action to create enduring success. Previously, Westphal served as a civilian in the U.S. Air Force for 13 years, and was the deputy director of Development Planning for the Space and Missile Systems Center. She earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of New Mexico and a master's degree in business administration from Webster University.
Paul Isaac(NY sentinel) wrote:
"I did a search on the New York State Court Unified Court System at (...) for Lukasz Rudkowski. Since Lukasz was able to raise $5k for the legal defense fund; why does he have a legal aide lawyer? What has he done with money he raised for a lawyer? More mystery involving Lukasz and large amounts of money."
http://rfkin2008.wordpress.com/2008/08/ ... ion-fraud/
"Heather LaMastro has started attacking 9/11 Victims Family member Manny Badillo for being complicit in Luke Rudkowski's embezzlement of funds promised to 9/11 first responders and for Wearechange New York's operating costs. In past articles we have shown you that other members of Wearechange New York have begun to question where the money goes."
http://crotchshotradio.com/2010/12/17/w ... ezzlement/
Brian Good says: December 28, 2010 at 12:54 pm
Willie tells a great inspirational story–literally incredible! My favorite parts are the 22-story internal collapse that he alone witnessed, the $122 million he raised "for the community" that he alone counted, the hundreds he saved by "opening doors and letting people out" that nobody else seems to remember, and his single-handed rescues of "fifteen (15) persons" who turned out to be his co-workers in the ABM office who were in no danger and could rescue themselves just fine.
Return to VICSIMS: the simulated victims of 9/11
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text:
Eight U.S. Army Air Forces personnel to receive the POW Medal
Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A. Welsh III will present the Prisoner of War Medal to eight World War II era U.S. Army Air Forces personnel during a ceremony at the Pentagon auditorium, Wednesday, April 30 at 10 a.m. EDT.
The Secretary of the Air Force Deborah Lee James authorized the award of the POW Medal to 143 USAAF airmen who were interned in the Wauwilermoos, Switzerland, prison camp during World War II.
Eight recipients, listed below, will travel to the Pentagon to receive the award:
Lieutenant Colonel (retired) James I. Misuraca
Major (retired) James V. Moran
First Lieutenant Paul J. Gambaiana
First Lieutenant James F. Mahon
Technical Sergeant Alva H. Moss
Staff Sergeant John M. Fox
Sergeant William G. Blackburn
Sergeant George E. Thursby
Media wishing to attend the ceremony will be picked up at the River Entrance only. Please call Air Force Public Affairs at 703-695-0640 for escort into the building. Plan to arrive no later than 45 minutes prior to the event; have proof of affiliation and two forms of photo identification. For more information and details of the ceremony, please call 703-697-4162.
[ http://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOD/bulletins/b41829?reqfrom=share ]


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The Areva H2-Gen joint venture will manufacture proton-exchange membrane electrolysers that will produce hydrogen from water using excess energy from renewable energy projects.
Hydrogen produced from the systems will then be used to fuel hydrogen fuel cell vehicles or be added into natural gas networks for domestic and industrial use.
This company will be owned equally by the three partners and will be based in France, where it will have a dedicated engineering and production site.
An equity investment from the French state through ADEME will help finance the development and sale of more powerful electrolysers, Areva said in a statement.
Ceth2, which was bought by Smart Energies in 2010, is already developing prototypes of electrolysers.
Areva also formed a joint venture with Schneider in February for the development of a hydrogen fuel-cell energy storage system. However, this was based on Areva's existing Greenergy Box electrolyser.
Storage is seen as key to the development of the wind industry in Europe, where capacity is high and a number of company's are looking at ways to integrate the electricity into the grid.
Last August, E.on inaugurated a power-to-gas unit in Falkenhagen, eastern Germany, which is aimed at capturing wind power when the local grid is congested.
The 2MW unit uses wind power to run electrolysis equipment that transforms water into hydrogen. This is then injected into the regional gas transmission system as part of the natural gas mix.


text:
Comparison of Two Meningococcal ACWY Conjugate Vaccines (PRIME)
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01192997
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : September 1, 2010
Last Update Posted : August 24, 2018
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Condition or disease
|Meningococcal Meningitis
|Biological: Menveo Biological: MenACWY-TT
|Phase 2 Phase 3
Between 550 and 650 subjects enrolled in a previous Meningococcal C vaccine study will be invited to join this new study looking at the boosting effects of two quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY vaccines. If they choose to participate, they will be randomised to receive one of the ACWY vaccines. Within each vaccine group, there will be further division into short (6 months) or longer (9 months) follow-up.
Each participant will be given one dose of an allocated vaccine. Blood samples will be taken three times from each participant - the first sample will be pre-vaccination; the second sample will be taken one month after vaccination; and the third and final sample at either six or nine months after vaccination (depending on the group they are randomised to).
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|91 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|A Phase 2/3, Open Label, Randomised Study of the Safety, Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of a Single Dose of Novartis Meningococcal ACWY (Menveo) or GSK Meningococcal ACWY Conjugate Vaccine in Adolescents Primed With Meningitec, Menjugate or Neisvac-C in Preschool Vaccination
|Study Start Date :
|June 2012
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|October 2013
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|March 2014
Active Comparator: Menveo-Meningitec
Subjects who were primed with Meningitec who will receive Novartis Menveo
Biological: Menveo
Single dose Menveo (a MenACWY vaccine conjugated to CRM-197).
Active Comparator: MenACWY-TT-Meningitec
Subjects who were primed with Meningitec who will receive GSK MenACWY-TT
Biological: MenACWY-TT
Single dose MenACWY-TT (MenACWY vaccine conjugated to Tetanus Toxoid, TT)
Active Comparator: Menveo-Menjugate
Subjects who were primed with Menjugate who will receive Novartis Menveo
Biological: Menveo
Single dose Menveo (a MenACWY vaccine conjugated to CRM-197).
Active Comparator: MenACWY-TT-Menjugate
Subjects who were primed with Menjugate who will receive GSK MenACWY-TT vaccine.
Biological: MenACWY-TT
Single dose MenACWY-TT (MenACWY vaccine conjugated to Tetanus Toxoid, TT)
Active Comparator: Menveo-NeisVac-C
Subjects who were primed with NeisVac-C who will receive Novartis Menveo
Biological: Menveo
Single dose Menveo (a MenACWY vaccine conjugated to CRM-197).
Active Comparator: MenACWY-TT-NeisVac-C
Subjects who were primed with NeisVac-C who will receive GSK MenACWY-TT vaccine
Biological: MenACWY-TT
Single dose MenACWY-TT (MenACWY vaccine conjugated to Tetanus Toxoid, TT)
- Response to meningococcal components of the vaccines by serum bactericidal antibody [ Time Frame: December 2013 ]Percentage of participants with serogroup-specific rabbit Serum Bactericidal Antibody (rSBA) titres ≥ 8 at one month post vaccination, for each of the serogroups A, C, W135 and Y. (This titre of rSBA is a documented correlate of protection for meningococcal conjugate vaccines)
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|14 Years to 21 Years (Child, Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Previously enrolled on the Preschool Men C study conducted by NVEC in 1999/2000
- Participant's parent or legally authorized representative is willing and able to give written informed consent for participation after the nature of the study has been explained.
- No contraindications to vaccination as specified in the "Green Book"- Immunisation against Infectious Disease, HMSO.
- Participant who gives assent for participation in the study.
- Vaccinated with Meningitec (MCC CRM) or Menjugate (MCC CRM) or NeisVac-C (MCC TT) between 3.5-6 years of age.
- Known to be free of medical problems as determined by a medical history and clinical assessment.
- Parent or legally authorised representative is willing to allow his or her child's GP to be notified of participation in the study and contacted if required for confirmation of vaccination history.
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of invasive meningococcal disease.
- Have a history of household contact or intimate exposure to an individual with culture proven Neisseria meningitis disease in the previous 60 days.
- Any vaccination against MenC disease since MCC vaccine given between 3.5 to 6 years.
- Participant is pregnant.
- Confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficient conditions, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
- Major congenital defects or serious chronic disease including progressive neurological disease or seizure disorder.
- Have a known bleeding diathesis, or any condition that may be associated with a prolonged bleeding time.
- Have a history of severe allergic reactions after previous vaccinations such as anaphylactic shock, asthma, urticaria, or other allergic reaction or hypersensitivity to any vaccine component.
- Have received another investigational agent within 90 days or before completion of the safety follow-up period in another study, whichever is longer, prior to enrollment and unwilling to refuse participation in another investigational trial through the end of the study.
- In the event that administration of another licensed vaccine is needed during the study, this vaccine should not be administered within 30 days of any study injection according to investigator's judgment (exception: licensed flu-vaccine should not be administered within 14 days of study vaccines).
- Have received any blood or blood products within the past 12 weeks.
- Have any other significant disease or disorder which, in the opinion of the investigator, may either put the participant at risk because of participation in the study, or may influence the result of the study, or the participant's ability to participate in the study.
Temporary Exclusion Criteria
• Receipt of systemic antibiotics (either oral or parenteral) will delay enrolment until at least 7 days after cessation of antibiotics.
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01192997
|United Kingdom
|Multiple General Practice surgeries
|Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
|Multiple General Practice surgeries
|Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
|Health Protection Agency, Immunisation Department, Colindale
|London, United Kingdom, NW9 5EQ
|Study Chair:
|Elizabeth Miller, MD
|Public Health England
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
|Responsible Party:
|Prof. Elizabeth Miller, Consultant Epidemiologist, Public Health England
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01192997 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|September 1, 2010 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|August 24, 2018
|Last Verified:
|August 2018
Meningitis C
Meningitis A
Meningitis W135
Meningitis Y
Meningitis, Bacterial
Meningitis, Meningococcal
Central Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases
Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections
Bacterial Infections
Meningococcal Infections
Neisseriaceae Infections
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Central Nervous System Infections
Immunologic Factors
Physiological Effects of Drugs


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Between an oven that heats the entire upstairs to 350' or a charcoal BBQ that requires a bit of forethought to get going, turning on either for summer cooking is a bit of a commitment. I have been deterred from making enchiladas for the site because they are difficult to photograph, so not only did this recipe come with an obligation to a sweaty mid-July photo session with the oven on, but also the challenge of making them look as good as they tasted. We make enchiladas pretty often. I appreciate having them for dinner and then warming them back up with scrambled eggs for a slightly different meal the next day. I've experimented with a butternut squash, greens and white cheddar version in the fall and then stuffing them with a bounty of zucchini in the summer with a slight tang of soft goat cheese. A number of recipes will have you fry the tortillas before filling, but I don't find that necessary for caloric content or texture.
We added a few dates for upcoming book events. I would really love to meet as many of you as possible, so please come if you live anywhere close to these cities! A Seattle event of some sort will hopefully come around at a later date (please feel free to check in on The Book page, as well, for updates).
August 28th - Barnes & Noble Booksellers in Huntington Beach, CA at 7pm
September 9th - Omnivore in San Francisco, CA at 3 pm
September 22nd - Powell's Books in Portland, OR. Time TBD
ROASTED ZUCCHINI, BLACK BEAN + GOAT CHEESE ENCHILADAS // Serves 4
While short on time, I use the enchilada sauce from Trader Joes. It's thick and has a great kick to it. I have also made this one and loved it. Really good option if you have some time to make your own.
I would consider the below recipe pretty easy on the cheese all things considered in the enchilada world, but I like that for summer meals. If you want to taste more of the goat cheese, add more on top before or after baking.
3 large zucchini/summer squash, 1/4'' dice (about 4 cups once chopped)
3 tsp. extra virgin olive oil, divided
1 1/4 tsp. lemon pepper/garlic salt
1/2 of a small red onion or 4 green onions, finely chopped
1 15 oz. can/ 2 cups black beans, rinsed and drained
5 oz. soft goat cheese
10ish corn tortillas (the amount will depend on how full you stuff them)
12 oz. red enchilada sauce, see note above
/ for serving /
1 bunch of cilantro, chopped
2 avocados
squeeze of lime
Preheat oven to 425'. Place the zucchini on a rimmed baking tray, drizzle with 2 tsp. of the olive oil and lemon pepper and toss everything with your hands to coat. Spread in an even layer, using two pans if it looks crowded. Roast on the middle rack for about 30 minutes until the edges are brown. Remove to cool. Turn the oven down to 375'.
In a large mixing bowl, combine the onion and black beans. Set aside 1 oz. of the goat cheese for the topping and crumble the rest into the bowl. Add the cooled zucchini and toss everything together very gently.
Over a burner, lightly char both sides of the tortillas, about 1 minute per side. This is not an essential step, but I find that it helps keep the tortillas a bit sturdier and it looks pretty. Set up your assembly with the tortillas and the filling.
In an oven proof rectangle dish (I used a 7x13 rectangle but a 9x13 works great too) pour 1/2 cup of the enchilada sauce to cover the bottom of the dish. Working with one tortilla at a time, fill it with a heaping 1/4 cup of the filling and roll it up like a taquito. Lay it in the dish seam-side down. Continue with remaining tortillas, squeezing the enchiladas in tight (you may have extra filling, it's great on it's own as a snack or in a quesadilla). Brush the tops of the tortillas with the remaining olive oil. Pour the remaining sauce over the top of the enchiladas and sprinkle reserved goat cheese on top. Bake for 20 minutes until warmed through and the top is just crisp. Allow them to cool for 5 minutes before serving.
Top with lots of chopped cilantro, diced avocado and a squeeze of lime.


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Colin Foreman
In-country value could positively transform construction in the UAE
Home Juniper unveils T1600 Card
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Evoteq and Khazna Data Centres agree to build first tier 3 data centre in the UAE's northern emirate of Sharjah
26 September 2019 5:39 PM
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Telecoms giant Nokia says dedicated local networks will be one of the key features of a new wave of investment in the region


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Release Date: 1991 |
****, i was supposed to give it points outta 5 wasnt i?!
VERDICT: :chug: 4 outta 5 stars :chug:
food, sex and ewe is the best song on the album, in my opinion.
great detailed review, but you could have edited it, instead of posting again.
"The Malachi Brothers are bad guys from the old tv series 'Happy Days'. Each of them crunched the opposite side of Fonz and Pinkie Tuskadaro's car so they couldn't participate in a derby, that's where 'The Malachi Crunch' got it's name " off No-eff-eks.com
i think this is their best album...i dunno why i guess i like the older sound. I mean i like everything by nofx, but there new stuff is almost too good. the older, "crappier" sound is better in my opinion
Good review yeah id give it 4 out of 5 too :thumb:
Yeah it's a pretty standard 4/5 album. I always thought it started getting patchy towards the end but Malachi Crunch is a top song.
"the riffs are reminiscent of "the death of john smith" from "the longest line e.p", but this song does show how much fat mike's voice has improved since then."
the longest line E.P. was written after this cd, with el hefe. his voice couldnt have improved since 'The Death of John Smith' cause it was written and recorded years after 'Shower Days'. you need to get your NOFX knowledge correct!
overall though, great cd. i would have gave it 4.5/5 its a great cd, but lacks that little extra punch to put it up with classics like white trash and punk in drublic
'scuse me cockbreath, i was tryin to say that the badness of his vocals in this song compared to later stuff (death of john smith for example) shows that his vocals have improved. i was fucking tired when i typed this review, gimme a fuckin break!
Album Rating: 4.5First NOFX album I ever heard, and I'm biased towards it, so yeah, this rules. I just find it funny how Fat Mike says he hates metal but he writes these metal-ish guitar solos and riffs that show up on Liberal Animation all the way up to White Trash... the guitar is killer and the songs are NOFX at their prime or at least on the cusp of it... 4.5/5.
hates metal? then why the hell did they cover iron man lol?!
omg, just noticed that rant i posted up there ^^ that was a while ago, i must've been in a rly bad mood!
Album Rating: 5.0Excellent album. Shows that guitar solos can fit in nicely with pop punk.
Album Rating: 4.5Read the NOFX.org Q&A, it's in there somewhere. And he's said it in a lot of interviews as well. Just weird b/c Steve Kidwiler was a total 80's metalhead (Hefe tools on him skill-wise tho...) and his riffs were very Metallica-ish.
Album Rating: 4.5do you think nofx will sue if i used brain contipation as the name of a band?
loadsa bands name themselves after other people's songs, and anyway, NOFX probably wouldn't care even if it was illegal!
Album Rating: 5.0[quote=STFDood84]First NOFX album I ever heard, and I'm biased towards it, so yeah, this rules. I just find it funny how Fat Mike says he hates metal but he writes these metal-ish guitar solos and riffs that show up on Liberal Animation all the way up to White Trash... the guitar is killer and the songs are NOFX at their prime or at least on the cusp of it... 4.5/5.[/quote]
Ribbed and S&M Airlines featured Steve Kidwiller (spelling?), and basically he was a metalhead. So those two albums were influenced a lot by him, as you can tell if you listen to them and compare them to the later stuff when El Hefe joined. There are a lot more solos.
[quote=atheistpeace]do you think nofx will sue if i used brain contipation as the name of a band?[/quote]
No.This Message Edited On 03.24.06
Album Rating: 3.5Ribbed is one of my favorite Nofx albums. 'Morons Brothers' and 'Just the Flu' are my favorite tracks. The only problem is that the last half of the album doesn't even come close to being half as good as the first half of the album.
Fat Mike hates metal. I think in the SLATFATS booklet it says in the thanks section he thanks all the bands that ever played with NOFX, then quickly follows that with (except the metal ones). So yeah, he hates it apperently.
haha, he's a damn liar! so many nofx riffs and basslines are reminiscent of metal, even the more recent stuff. he's a closet headbanger!
Woah, nice effect to the review by not adding any capitolizations, assuming its effect, lol.
actually, i made this review back when there was no sputnik, and the reviews bit was just in threads on musicianforums. back then, no1 seemed too bothered about capitalisations, spelling, grammar etc. il go edit it now, i got nothing to do anyway lol!
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


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VATICAN CITY, June 11 (UPI) -- Pope Francis, while delivering a homily at his residence in the Vatican, said the Catholic Church should not seek wealth.
"If you want to have a rich Church, then the Church ages, it has no life," Francis said.
The Argentine pope, who has focused on the poor since he was selected at a conclave March, said the church should have a heart of poverty, ANSA reported.
"The works of the church must go forward and some are complex, but with a heart of poverty, not a heart of investment or of a businessman," he said.
Pope Francis also noted that Saint Peter did not have a bank account.
"When he had to pay taxes, the Lord sent him to sea to fish a fish with a coin inside in order to pay," he said.


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GTTV heads to Valve headquarters to chat with Newell, talk Steam and CS:GO
Tonight's latest episode of GTTV with Geoff Keighley features the host at Valve headquarters speaking with Gabe Newell regarding new updates coming to Steam, Project Greenlight, Big Picture Mode as well as an exclusive trailer from Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. Catch a preview of the episode here. It's also being rumored the episode may discuss with […]
GTTV headlines
GTTV to reveal the Lady Boyle level of Dishonored on tonight's show
On this week's episode of GTTV, Geoff Keighley will be revealing the Lady Boyle level of Dishonored, as well as never-before-seen gameplay from Guild Wars 2. The show starts at 1:00 AM EDT, so you may wish to watch it tomorrow when it lands GameTrailers – unless you are insomniacs. You can catch a sneak […]
Spike TV and GTTV to show 50 world premieres as part of E3 All Access Live
Spike TV has announced as part of its exclusive E3 coverage this year, it will be showing "never-before-seen footage," from the likes of Halo 4 and more.
"Huge, new PS3 exclusive" with first in-game footage to air on GTTV next week
GTTV's Geoff Keighley has once again taken to Twitter to tease the masses. Sadist. This time, the host is teasing a "huge, new PS3 exclusive " with first in-game footage airing on the show next Thursday. Could it be God of War: Ascension? Maybe. We're not psychic, but it sure sounds like it could be […]
GTTV pre-E3 episode talks military shooters, what to expect at the show
GTTV has its annual pre-E3 show up, and in it, a lot of different people talk about a lot of stuff.
GTTV promises "big gameplay reveals" for Bulletstorm in latest episode
Tonight at 12.20am EST, well technically that's tomorrow, GTTV will be airing its new episode and it features Bulletstorm.
Michael Pachter gets his own show on GameTrailers TV
Looks like analyst Michael Pachter has been given his own show on GameTrailers TV.
GTTV reveals loads of goodies for Alan Wake and Mass Effect 2
The latest episode of GTTV that was teased yesterday has been released, and it is full of Mass Effect 2, Alan Wake and many other nifty things. In it, the BioWare Doctors talks about how they see games as an art form, and how the team is pushing the envelope once again with Mass Effect […]
GTTV promo teases Mass Effect 2, Alan Wake, more
A promo teasing episode 228 of GTTV has popped up, and looks like the latest episode is gonna be full of Mass Effect 2 goodness. Apparently, not only will BioWare show off new areas of the game, but according to a tweet by host Geoff Keighley, we'll get to "meet and see the Illusive Man […]
BioShock 2 single-player revealed on GTTV
GameTrailer's put up its single-player reveal show for BioShock 2 – and here it is. We won't spoil it for you if you don't want to see, but suffice it to say this is "good shit". It's out early next year. Take a look. Light up your Friday. Thanks, Blerk.
First gameplay footage of Dead Rising 2 debuts tomorrow on Spike
The first gameplay trailer for Dead Rising 2 will be shown on Spike TV tomorrow night at 12:30am EST. Afterward, it will be posted up on GameTrailers for all the world to see. There are other games that GTTV will be showing as well, Heavy Rain, Modern Warfare 2, but we've seen enough on those. […]
New L4D2 campaign on GTTV this week
GTTV's going to show a first look at one of the new Left7 4 Dead 3 campaigns on Friday morning, as you can see in the video after the break. Keighley's asked Gabe Newell questions on HL2: Ep 3 and Portal 2, he reckons, so it's definitely going to be worth a watch. Look and […]
Valve announces Left 4 Dead: Crash Course DLC
Valve has announced new DLC coming to Left 4 Dead titled Crash Course, due in September. The storyline for it takes place between the end of the No Mercy campaign and the beginning of Death Toll. It's a new Campaign and new Survival maps, essentially. As well as new locations and new dialogue from the […]
Monster Spike pre-E3 special airs, "steals E3's thunder"
GameTrailers has posted its pre-E3 special, including footage of the following: Playable Joker in Arkham Asylum Split/Second Aliens Vs Predator gameplay Marvel Ultimate Alliance 2 Brutal Legend Dante's Inferno Ratchet & Clank Future gameplay DJ Hero NHL 10 Dragon Age: Origins Supreme Commander 2 Uncharted 2 Madden 10 Modern Warfare 2 interview Need for Speed: […]
Spike to show the first trailer from next Bethesda game tomorrow
Geoff Keighley has tweeted that Bethesda will announce its next game tomorrow night on Spike TV. A trailer is also expected, so if you get the channel, tune in at 11pm EST. Otherwise wait until Friday when it hits the net. It's expected to be the untitled Splash Damage game, which earlier in the month, was reported […]
GameTrailers TV to drop pre-E3 bombs on May 28
GameTrailers TV filmed a special E3 episode full of news and some other goodies that will be ready to view come May 28 at 11:00pm EST. We do, however, know a bit about what to expect from the show and here's just some of it: Tricia Helfer and Rose McGowan are cohosts. An Uncharted 2 […]
More Modern Warfare 2 footage this week
GTTV is to air more Modern Warfare 2 footage this week, according to this Kotaku post. No detail there, but we'll let you know once it's gone up.
GTTV - US journos talk E3
The latest GTTV Bonus Round has Kotaku's Brian Crecente, ex-Newsweeker N'Gai Croal and Game Informer's Andy McNamara chewing the fat about htis year's E3, due to start two weeks today. Worth watching. After the break.
Rumor: Possible Tony Hawk reveal coming soon via GameTrailers TV
Geoff Keighley has tweeted that he will be shooting the next episode of GameTrailers TV today, and revealed he would also be "hanging out with [Tony Hawk]." Sounds like a GTTV episode on the latest Tony Hawk game, doesn't it? No biggie though, we all know the game's coming. Later, another Twitter post directed at […]
GTTV latest
GTTV heads to Valve headquarters to chat with Newell, talk Steam and CS:GO
GTTV to reveal the Lady Boyle level of Dishonored on tonight's show
Spike TV and GTTV to show 50 world premieres as part of E3 All Access Live
"Huge, new PS3 exclusive" with first in-game footage to air on GTTV next week
GTTV pre-E3 episode talks military shooters, what to expect at the show
GTTV promises "big gameplay reveals" for Bulletstorm in latest episode
GTTV reveals loads of goodies for Alan Wake and Mass Effect 2
First gameplay footage of Dead Rising 2 debuts tomorrow on Spike
Spike to show the first trailer from next Bethesda game tomorrow
Rumor: Possible Tony Hawk reveal coming soon via GameTrailers TV


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Send us your Allen photos:
Allen is a township in Noble County, in the Kendallville metro area. [NOTE: This is not the only community in Indiana named Allen. For links to other places called Allen, IN, see the Duplicate Names box at right.]
The latitude of Allen is 41.392N. The longitude is -85.247W.It is in the Eastern Standard time zone. Elevation is 978 feet.
The population, at the time of the 2000 census, was 6,847.
Sections below provide additional information and links about Allen demographics, travel and tourism, nearby airports, cemeteries, the Noble County economy, education, environment, genealogy, government, historic sites, libraries, maps, museums, newspapers and other media, nonprofit groups, real estate, recreation, religion, transportation, and weather in the 46710 ZIP code.
34% of Allen residents report German ancestry, and 11% report Irish. For more info on local ancestry groups, see the Allen ancestry & family history guide.
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At the time of the 2000 census, the per capita income in Allen was $17,056, compared with $21,587 nationally.
8% of Allen residents age 25 and older have a bachelor's or advanced college degree.
Median rent in Allen, at the time of the 2000 Census, was $372. Monthly homeowner costs, for people with mortgages, were $743.
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Behavioral Symptoms and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Chinese Persons
Dear Readers,
I often am asked about whether behavioral or personality "traits" are related to cognitive functioning. Specifically, can they "predict" if someone will transition from mild memory trouble ( i.e. Mild Cognitive impairment-MCI) to dementia? Part of this question was addressed in a recent article by Chan and colleagues in the American Journal of Psychiatry.
Participants in this study came from an ongoing epidemiological survey on MCI and dementia conducted in Hong Kong. In Phase 1 of this study, a total of 6100 persons were given the Cantonese version of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and an abbreviated subjective memory inventory for the Chinese (AMIC). Persons who had scores above the cut of dementia but with memory complaints were invited to participate in Phase 2. These persons were then evaluated by a geriatric psychiatrist, had additional cognitive testing performed to ascertain the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score and were diagnosed with MCI (based on the Peterson criteria) or having no cognitive impairment. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Chinese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). As is typical with the NPI, symptoms evaluated included a variety of behaviors such as delusions/hallucinations, agitation/aggression, depression, anxiety, euphoria/elation, apathy/indifference, changes in motor behavior, night time behavior disturbances and changes in appetite and eating behavior.
Of the 788 persons who participated in this study, 388 were classified as having MCI and the remainder had normal cognitive function. The MCI group was older (74.5 y vs. 70.2y), had a higher preponderance of women, and had less education (3.6 y vs. 5.6y) compared to the normal cognitive function group. Roughly 36% of those with MCI and 29% of those with normal cognitive function exhibited one or more neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms. Analyses were done to determine whether having neuropsychiatric symptoms predicted MCI or normal cognitive status. Although nighttime behaviors, apathy and anxiety were the commonest symptoms among persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), agitation, apathy and irritability were more prevalent in persons with MCI compared to persons with normal cognition.
Few population based studies have examined the association of behavioral symptoms to the prevalence of NP symptoms in a group of community dwelling older persons and even fewer have addressed these changes in racially and ethnically diverse populations. This study attempts to shed more detail on the behavioral symptom profiles of persons with MCI. The fact that some of the behavior symptoms were noted in the MCI group and not in persons with NCI may suggest that these behaviors are related to specific cognitive deficits.
Thus, NP symptoms could be thought of as a non cognitive marker of MCI and in turn could alert the health professional that a cognitive deficit may be present, which with progression, would lead to a impaired cognitive and motor function, caregiver burden, and worsening of quality of life. More studies, such as this one are needed in the Asian community which may in turn facilitate earlier treatment of cognitive impairment in later life.
Here are three articles you can refer to, to learn about this particular study or the latest research on behavior symptoms and mild cognitive impairment:
Chan WC, Lam L, Tam C, et al. Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Chinese Older Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment- A Population Based Study. Am J Geriatric Psychiatry 2010
Lam C, Tam WC, Lui WC et al: Prevalence of Very Mild and Mild Dementia in the Community Dwelling Chinese Older Persons in Hong Kong. Int Psychogeriatrics 2008
Lyketsos CG, Lopez O, Jones B, et al: Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results From the Cardiovascular Health Study. JAMA 2002; 288: 1475-1483
Thanks for reading.
Neelum T. Aggarwal, M.D.
Steering Committee Member, ADCS
This post originally appeared in Alzheimer's Insights, an ADCS Blog.
One Response to "Behavioral Symptoms and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Chinese Persons"
It was very nice blog and got lots of information .Thanks
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Get the most out of your Travel money with Travelex at East Midlands Airport
Planning ahead when buying your currency can often put more cash in your pocket to spend on holiday. Read our top tips to maximise your travel money and squeeze every possible Dollar, Euro or Dirham from your currency exchange.
Travelex Online Price Promise
To max your rates it is worth planning ahead. Buying from Travelex/eastmidlandsairport means you benefit from our Travelex Online Price Promise** - if you find a cheaper overall price on foreign currency in the UK we'll refund the difference.**
Check the total cost, not just the rate
It's important to look at the total cost of purchasing your currency, not just the exchange rate. If you want to get the best deal for spending overseas, it involves a combination of the best exchange rate, lowest commission, handling costs and delivery fees.
Top Travel Money Tips
- Avoid exchanging currency in your hotel. Our research has shown hotels offer some of the worst rates, so if you do leave it to the last minute or after your arrival, look for a reputable bureau to change your money.
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- We recommend taking a mixed wallet of cash and a prepaid travel money card such as the Travelex Prepaid Currency Card. Foreign currency cards enable you to lock in your exchange rate at the time of loading and are separate from your bank account, which provides peace of mind for those worried about theft or fraud.
- Beware of hidden credit or debit card charges on overseas usage. The Travelex Prepaid Currency Card is free from fees on overseas purchases or cash withdrawals*.
- Be rate-wise whilst abroad. Keep an eye on the rates whilst abroad so you don't lose out by incorrectly guessing the rate of exchange.
- Be aware of any restrictions that may apply to your currency. Some countries only permit you to take a small amount of currency in or out of the country, while others don't permit you to take any at all. As this only applies to cash, a prepaid currency card is a safe alternative.
- Do your homework. Before you travel, find out if there are any local customs that apply such as tipping or whether it is acceptable to barter.
* Travelex will not charge UK cardholders for ATM withdrawals, but some operators may impose a fee. Travelex does not charge UK cardholders any fees for making purchases using their Cash Passport.
**For full terms and conditions please visit the Online Price Promise page at www.travelex.co.uk