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Meal Takeaway
10 locals recommend · Estimated price 2 out of 4 ·
Permanently closed
Tips from locals
Same delicious dishes like Savor but no need for tipping because it's counter service.
Unique things to do nearby
Places to stay nearby
Locals also recommend
"Terrific food. Great outdoor atmosphere. Good for people watching. Easy to get to. Nightly drink specials."
- 5 locals recommend
Indian Restaurant
"Homestyle Indian...quick, flavorful and healthy. Look for the purple magenta logo!"
- 3 locals recommend
"Chill coffee shop, great for getting work done or grabbing some coffee on the go."
- 8 locals recommend
"Amazing Pastries, particularly the Ham and Cheese, Chocolate and Almond Croissants, great open face sandwiches and coffee too. Be prepared to wait in a long line on weekend mornings!!"
- 15 locals recommend
"Only one block away, this restaurant offers quick service. In addition to french toast and egg dishes, you can also get nice salads and rotisserie chicken."
- 13 locals recommend
216 Church Street
San Francisco, CA 94114
The Castro
Phone+1 415-431-4646

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OF the Wanderers squad relegated from the Championship last season, seven players are still contracted, 13 are now free agents, eight have earned deals elsewhere, three returned to their parent clubs and one – Ronan Darcy – is still a scholar.
Phil Parkinson's side scattered in the wind after defeat at Nottingham Forest put a punctuation mark on a truly terrible campaign in May. Yet now, just a couple of months later, the club finds itself in a rush to reassemble for League One.
Less than a month remains before the first game at Wycombe, and the opening pre-season friendly at York City will be played in just eight days.
New ownership has yet to be signed, sealed and delivered, which places a huge pressure on recruitment planning which has been going on behind the scenes. Can they form a team in time? Or will even a condensed administration process not be quick enough to avoid an impact on results?
Here, we run the rule over last season's squad and assess what – if any – part they could play for Wanderers again.
Wants to help rebuild in League One and desperate to start talking about the football again. Linked with Huddersfield Town, Charlton Athletic and Wigan Athletic this summer but looks like he's staying put.
Chased by Ipswich Town at one stage when Bartosz Bialkowski appeared to be moving on but now looks to be a straight fight with Alnwick for the number one spot next season. Goalkeeper not a position Bolton have to worry about, it seems.
Fractured his wrist early in the season and then loaned out to Darlington for experience. It seems the young stopper's once steep career trajectory seems to have plateaued. James Aspinall now looks the club's bright young hope, whereas Turner is looking for a new club.
Decided early in the summer that his future lay elsewhere and put in his notice to terminate the final year of his contract. Still hasn't been fixed up with a new club, although Legia Warsaw have been strongly linked in the Polish media.
No great shock to see him leave this summer after surprisingly few first team opportunities last season. Little has signed for League One rivals Bristol Rovers and talked about his disappointment at the treatment of Bolton's players.
After a difficult single season with Wanderers, the Irishman is now a free agent and looking for a new club and at the age of 31. It seems unlikely he will re-sign with Bolton in League One with Yoan Zouma and Liam Edwards both knocking on the door.
Now with Kilmarnock in Marbella and hoping to be playing Europa League football next season. Wheater is still a free agent, for now, but Bolton will have to get their skates on if they are to keep him for another season.
After three seasons with Wanderers the big defender signed a two-year deal with Peterborough United, who have made some pretty solid signings this summer. Bolton will see him again soon.
Administration meant no out-of-contract player was going to be offered a new pro contract – and that has put Wanderers in genuine jeopardy of losing a young defender who looked to have promise when he broke into the first team at the end of last season. Burnley and Sunderland are among the clubs linked with him – but the word at Lostock is that he could yet stay on.
One of last season's more consistent players and at 30, still has plenty to give if he can stay away from injuries. Hasn't been fixed up with a new club yet and plenty of fans would like to see him return.
A mainstay of the 2016/17 promotion season, and one of the dressing room's central figures ever since, Taylor turns 33 next month and has already started to make plans for life after football by taking a sports management degree. One more year?
Returned to Birmingham City after an unsuccessful loan spell for the final year of his contract and was pictured at pre-season training.
Doesn't have a deal for next season but with Jordan Boon given a third-year scholarship it will be interesting to see whether Wanderers pick up the option.
Back at Everton and facing a defining season at Goodison Park. Shown he can cut it at Championship level but links to yet another loan move with Hibs in Scotland suggest his first team future on Merseyside is unsure.
Versatile youngster did pretty well in a messy situation last season and, like Williams, he has reached a stage in his Everton career where it's now or never.
Most people's pick for player of the season last year and even at 36 the midfielder would be a popular addition in League One. Has not ruled out a return on social media. We'll see.
Announced early in the summer that he will be leaving Wanderers after 17 years but while Hull City have shown an interest, his exact whereabouts next season is still unknown. Can he be tempted back?
With no deal able to be offered at Wanderers, the former Spurs youth product took up an offer from Accrington Stanley and will now be playing against Bolton in League One next season.
We all know what has happened to last season's breakthrough star. Months of speculation, a contract termination refused then granted, and a £350,000 dream move to Celtic which could see him play in next season's Champions League.
Some suggestion the winger was training with Rochdale as he searches for a new club this summer. A return to Bolton isn't completely out of the question but budget would come into play.
Contracted to next season and now fully fit after an ankle injury. Wanderers might well turn to the former Birmingham City and Blackburn Rovers man for leadership as they try to galvanise a new squad.
Frozen out for large spells last season, the midfielder is keen to put it all behind him and enjoy the final year of his Wanderers contract. Certainly has the pedigree to be a success at this level.
Starting a new life in Australia with Melbourne City, Noone joins former Wanderers Adam Le Fondre, Jem Karacan and Scott Jamieson in the A League.
Young midfielder signed a two-year contract with Halifax Town in the National League after his time at Bolton came to an end.
Now at Nottingham Forest, having been linked with a move to China – where he had actually gone on his holidays. The enigmatic winger terminated the final year of his deal after feeling the club had misled players at the end of last season over unpaid wages.
Dutch winger has now been released by Norwich City after a disappointing loan spell with Bolton and looking for a new club. Loose speculation has linked him with Wigan – but there have been no firm leads on his next club.
Looks, for now, like he will be staying with Wanderers next season after some strong interest from Charlton Athletic. The playmaker Is hoping for some stability this season after a tough first year at the club.
Might just be the next first team player to roll off the academy conveyor belt. Darcy has had a good year under David Lee's supervision at Under-23s level and got reward with a senior debut at Forest in May.
Released after an ignominious spell at Wanderers and turns 37 in September. No rumours have surfaced as yet about his next move.
Wasted no time in getting himself fixed up with Bradford City, now playing their football in League Two. The veteran striker spoke out about the difficulties players had last season whilst unpaid.
The Northern Irishman has been in decent form for his country this summer and has one year left on his contract with Wanderers. Moves to Rangers and Hearts have been mooted – and the player himself has admitted he has yet to fully decide on his future. One to watch, perhaps?
Spent half of last season on loan with Accrington, so knows League One football fairly well. This would be the ideal time for him to bring some of those goals scored at Under-23s level into the senior set up.


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THOSE involved in the sport of rallying in Killarney have been shocked and saddened by the tragic death of ace driver Manus Kelly who was killed when he crashed out of the annual international rally in his native Donegal on Sunday afternoon.
The 41-year-old, one of Ireland's leading rally drivers and a prominent businessman and politician, sustained fatal injuries in the crash on the Fanad Peninsula and his co-driver, Donall Barrett, was also injured and is being treated in hospital in Letterkenny.
The duo were big supporters of rallying in Kerry and, in fact, they were the overall winners of the Killarney Rally of the Lakes in 2018.
Father-of-five Manus, who was a hugely popular personality in rallying circles, was a vastly experienced driver who was defending his title in Donegal. He had won his home turf event for the past three years in a WRC Impreza and this year he changed to a left-hand drive Hyundai i20 R5 which was the vehicle he drove in the Rally of the Lakes in May.
A first-time elected Fianna Fáil county councillor in last month's local elections, the Glenswilly native was the managing director of Tailored Facility Solutions, a management, recruitment and logistics
A spokesperson for the Killarney and District Motor Club remarked: "He was a true gentleman in motorsport and was a great supporter of Killarney club events. Our thoughts are with his family and friends at this sad time".
Mr Kelly is survived by his wife, Bernie, children Annie, Mandy, Charlie, Conan and Bella, parents Donal and Jacqueline and his family.
© KillarneyToday.com is the 24/7 online news service provided by O'Mahony Media


text:
ED (erectile dysfunction) becomes more prevalent for men as they age, but fortunately there are ways to lower the probability of it happening. No man wishes to face the possibility of not having the ability to get this up while in bed with a girl, but it occurs and understanding ways to stop it for happening can enable you to continue to get a sexually satisfying time in the bedroom.
You probably find this recorded in many preventative methods for other health issues, but eating healthy is one of the best methods to ensure appropriate health in your body, including maintaining an erection. Try to curb your unhealthy eating habits to more intermittent practice rather than an everyday item and supplement it with a great deal of fruits and veggies with a complete spectrum of colors.
Exercise Often
Whether you decide to simply walk around the block for some time or go out for a game of basketball with the guys, get in a few hours of exercise per week to help your body get the essential exercise it needs to help maintain proper body functioning in the areas that matter most.
Though drinking does not directly cause erectile dysfunction in the body, in substantial amounts it may play an important effect on a person's liver function, heart and nerves that can affect the normal hormone levels in the body, resulting in a greater risk for ED. Try to reduce alcohol or fully remove it if you can to help prevent ED from happening.
Smoking has many different damaging effects on the body which all of us know about like lung cancer, respiratory difficulties and more, but did you know it may also lead to blood flow issues also? The carcinogenic smoke from the cigarettes can damage blood vessels and limit the normal blood circulation in the body, helping the essential quantity of blood required to attain an erection from flowing into the grin area. The nicotine in cigarettes may also restrict blood flow also, causing a much greater likelihood of men who smoke to develop erectile dysfunction.
Among the ways a person can develop erectile dysfunction is by acquiring a groin injury when attempting to attempt a risky sex move from the bedroom. The penis may look like a fairly flexible region of the body, but it can sustain an injury from being bent in the wrong angle, smashed when a woman is at the top and comes down incorrect or jammed in at a wrong angle which causes problems. All these things could cause an injury which makes it tough to keep an erection while the penis heals in the inner injury.
Download my eBook The Secrets to Attract Women FREE now by clicking here


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A former Archbishop of the Catholic Church in Lagos, Cardinal Anthony Olubunmi Okogie, has asked President Muhammadu Buhari to renounce the presidential seat following what he described as the President's failurefor to secure the lives and property of Nigerians.
Specifically, he accused the President of failing to stop killings perpetrated by Fulani militant herdsmen.
In an open letter to Buhari, entitled, "Dear Mr. President, Call a Spade a Spade," a copy of which was sent to Saturday PUNCH, Okogie said, "Dear Mr. President, we must call a spade a spade. You were elected to protect the land and its people but neither is being protected under your watch.
"You therefore have the most important decision of your career to make. And that decision is this: Are you for Nigerians or not?"
The cleric pointed out that the number of killings so far recorded under the Buhari-led administration showed that the government had failed on security.
He said, "The number (of Nigerians) killed under your watch, Mr. President, provides more than convincing evidence that the government you lead has failed to secure our lives. You are the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
"If more than three years into your administration, you have been unable to stop these killings, why don't you seriously consider the option of an honourable renunciation of the presidential seat?
"One of the major factors behind the patent failure of your government is the fact that you are surrounded by men and women who fail to tell you the truth about Nigeria and who shield you from seeing what is happening to the ordinary Nigerians.
"Instead of assisting you in the governance of this country, they insult those whose dissenting opinions you need if you are to succeed.
"How does one explain the fact that under your watch as the Commander-in-Chief, agencies established to maintain law and order, instead of protecting innocent citizens of this country, dissipate their energy running after members of opposing parties? Do you call that democracy?
"No right-thinking person would advocate letting anyone off who has committed a crime. No one is above the law, not even you, Mr. President. That is why the Constitution provides for a process of removing the President.
"That is why the point must also be made that those who contravene the laws of Nigeria be brought to book, irrespective of their political, regional, ethnic or religious affiliation. But the sad reality is: under your watch, that is not what is happening."
The former President of the CAN faulted the Federal Government for failing to arrest and prosecute leaders of the Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria, who had on several occasions allegedly claimed responsibility for the various attacks on communities.


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Music and spirituality were AR Rahman's safe haven! Tune-in as the 'Mozart of Madras' takes you through his transformational journey. My Story with Sonali Krishna airs Saturday - 3PM, 10PM and Sunday - 3:30PM, 9:30PM on ET Now.
Copyright © 2019 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. For reprint rights: Times Syndication Service


text: Fraser Hugh <hugh_fraser at ...2804...> writes: > 1. (*) text/plain ( ) text/html > > I've turned off the Code Red and Nimda alert rules since we've > comfortable with our ability to deal with those on the servers > themselves. It's more the balance of the URL that looked unusual. Is your webserver where you got those logs from? It really looks like your webserver is interpreting the extra characters that form the /../ part as TLS/SSL control commands. What webserver is that? If you turned off the rules, you're not going to see that. Cmd.exe rules catch common attacks from several differnt types and not just code red but they certainly aren't 100% reliable. -- Chris Green <cmg at ...671...> I've had a perfectly wonderful evening. But this wasn't it. -- Groucho Marx


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BACKGROUND: Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have been found in patients with metastatic melanoma and are associated with advanced melanoma stage and poor patient outcome. We hypothesize that CTC harbor genomic changes critical in the development of distant systemic metastasis. Here, we present the first genome-wide copy-number aberration (CNA) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH)-based characterization of melanoma CTC.
METHODS: CTC were isolated from peripheral blood monocytes of 13 melanoma patients with regional metastasis stage IIIB/C using antibodies against melanoma-associated cell surface gangliosides.
RESULTS: We characterized 251 CNA in CTC. Comparative analysis demonstrated >90% concordance in single-nucleotide polymorphism profiles between paired CTC and tumor metastases. In particular, there were notable recurring CNA across patients. In exploratory studies, the presence of several top CTC-associated CNA was verified in distant metastasis (stage IV) from 27 patients, suggesting that certain genomic changes are propagated from regional metastasis to CTC and to distant systemic metastases. Lastly, an exploratory biomarker panel derived from 5 CTC-associated CNA [CSMD2 (CUB and Sushi multiple domains 2), 1p35.1; CNTNAP5 (contactin associated protein-like 5), 2q14.3; NRDE2 (NRDE-2, necessary for RNA interference, domain containing), 14q32.11; ADAM6 (ADAM metallopeptidase domain 6, pseudogene), 14q32.33; and TRPM2 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily m, member 2), 21q22.3] conferred prognostic utility for melanoma recurrence [hazard ratio (HR), 1.14; CI, 1.00–1.44; P = 0.0471] and death (HR, 2.86; CI, 1.23–14.42; P = 0.0014) in 35 patients with stage IIIB/C melanoma, with a 5-year disease-free survival of 13% vs 69% (P = 0.0006) and overall survival of 28% vs 94% between high-risk and low-risk groups defined by the biomarker panel, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first detailed CNA-based profile of melanoma CTC and illustrates how CTC may be used as a novel approach for identification of systemic metastasis.
Successful treatment of melanoma requires understanding of the metastatic process and identification of patients with tumors at risk for developing aggressive metastatic disease. Circulating tumor cells (CTC)6 have been detected in the blood of patients with melanoma (1, 2) and other solid cancers (3–5). Previously, we have demonstrated that CTC biomarkers increase with metastasis and tumor burden in melanoma patients (6). We also have shown that CTC are associated with increased risk of tumor recurrence and poor survival in melanoma patients (1, 6). Measurement of CTC has also been used as an indicator of patient response to systemic therapy in melanoma (1). Thus, CTC may be an important predictor of patient outcome and may represent an approach for early detection of "subclinical systemic metastasis" (7).
A detailed genomic characterization of CTC in melanoma has not been reported to date. However, genome-wide profiling studies have been carried out in melanoma tumor samples with identification of important genomic aberrations (8–10). Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-derived copy number aberrations (CNA) [copy number gains (CNG), copy number losses (CNL)], and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) are important genetic aberrations in cancer progression. High-density SNP microarrays have been applied to detailed genome-wide identification of CNA events in cancer and represent an informative platform for the discovery of functional tumor-related genes (11).
Melanomas are heterogeneous, with both variant and common genotypes and phenotypes (12). We postulated that genomic signatures could occur in CTC that may represent particularly aggressive stage IIIB/C metastases capable of evolving into clinical distant organ metastasis. Genomic profiling of CTC may allow improved understanding of their role in real-time cancer metastasis events and may represent a novel approach in identification of genomic aberrations associated with melanoma prognosis and treatment.
In this study, we performed an array-based genome-wide CNA characterization of melanoma CTC. We successfully identified 251 CNAs in melanoma CTC from 13 patients and showed high genomic concordance in CTC–tumor metastasis pairs. There were notable recurring CNA in paired CTC and tumor metastases across patients. In subsequent exploratory studies, we verified the significance of CTC-associated CNA by their presence in 27 distant organ melanoma metastases [American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IV] and as biomarkers of poor prognosis in 35 patients with regional melanoma metastasis (stage IIIB/C).
Materials and Methods
Three nonoverlapping cohorts of patients with metastatic melanoma were included in this 2-phase study. In the CTC discovery phase, tumor-involved nodal tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were obtained from 13 patients with stage IIIB/C regional melanoma metastasis. In the verification phase, the clinical relevance of CTC-associated CNA was verified in distant stage IV metastasis tumor tissue of 27 patients with stage IV melanoma involving systemic metastases to the brain (n = 15), lung (n = 4), and gastrointestinal tract (n = 8) and in cell lines derived from 35 melanoma patients with regional metastasis (stage IIIB/C melanoma). M1 and M14 metastatic melanoma cell lines were used to verify the sensitivity of the CTC immune-capture assay.
All operative tissue samples were collected and processed at the John Wayne Cancer Institute and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. All cell lines were from human tumor tissue obtained at the time of surgery. Early passaged melanoma lines (<12 passages) were used. This study was approved by the John Wayne Cancer Institute/Saint John's Health Center and Western Institutional Review Board. Informed consent was obtained from all patients.
Human IgM monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to ganglioside GM3 (L612) (13), ganglioside GM2 (L55) (14), and ganglioside GD2 (L72) (15) were developed by R.I. from an established Epstein–Barr virus–transformed human B-cell line, cloned, extensively purified, and verified and quality controlled under good laboratory practice (GLP) conditions. These 3 mAb were coupled to Dynabeads M-450 tosylactivated (Life Technologies), according to the manufacturer's instructions.
M1 and M14 melanoma cells were serially diluted in PBMC from healthy donors (100, 50, 10, 1, and 0 melanoma cells in 107 PBMC). Previously assessed CTC mRNA melanoma reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) biomarkers by our group (6, 16–18) were used for verification of capture of melanoma cells, including tyrosine-related protein 2 (TRP-2), melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1), melanoma antigen gene-A3 family (MAGE-A3), and paired box homeotic gene transcription factor 3 (PAX-3). Additionally, immunocaptured cells were stained with anti-MART-1 mAb (GeneTex, Clone # GTX75965), followed by incubation with Alexa Fluor® 555 goat antimouse IgG2b (Invitrogen) and were mounted onto glass slides and stained with ProLong® Gold antifade reagent with DAPI (Invitrogen). The cells were analyzed by Leica microscopy to verify captured melanoma CTC.
PBMC were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque, collected, and suspended in freezing medium and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. IgM Ab-coupled Dynabeads were added to each sample (107 cells/mL) followed by incubation at 4 °C (1 h). For the immunocapture assay, samples were then placed in the Dynal® MPC-6 appliance (Invitrogen), allowing aspiration of unbound cells. Beads with bound cells were then washed using 0.1% BSA/PBS with 2 mmol/L EDTA. Immunocaptured cells were subjected to immunofluorescent staining with MART-1 mAb or to DNA or RNA extractions with DNAzol and Tri-Reagent (Molecular Research Center), respectively. The RT-qPCR assay was performed with the iCycler iQ Real-Time Thermocycler Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories) with a beta-2-microglobulin (B2M)7 control housekeeping gene. The sequences of primers and fluorescence resonance energy transfer probe of B2M were as follows: primers, 5′-TGTCACAGCCCAAGATAG-3′ and 5′-CAAGCAAGCAGAATTTGGAA-3′ and probe, 5′-FAM-TCCATGATGCTGCTTACATGTCTCGA-BHQ-1–3′ (6).
DNA extraction from frozen tumor tissues and cell lines was carried out with the QIAamp DNA mini kit (QIAGEN). DNA extraction from CTC was carried out using DNAzol. DNA quantification was performed using Quant-iTTM PicoGreen® double-stranded DNA reagent and kits (Invitrogen). Extracted DNA from CTC and paired melanoma tissue in the discovery cohort was further subjected to whole-genome amplification (WGA) using a REPLI-g mini kit (QIAGEN). The reaction was performed at 30 °C for 16 h, followed by heat inactivation at 65 °C for 3 min. Amplified DNA was used for Affymetrix SNP 6.0 array analysis. DNA isolated for the CNA verification cohort (27 stage IV melanoma metastases, 35 stage IIIB/C regional melanoma metastases) was not subjected to WGA.
DNA obtained after WGA was assessed on the SNP array for genotyping analysis and the procedures were performed at the University of Southern California/Children's Hospital of Los Angeles Genome Core Laboratory. Genotyping of samples was performed using Affymetrix Genotyping Console 4.0 with the Birdseed v2 algorithm under GLP conditions (19). Before genotyping, QC of arrays was conducted using the contrast QC algorithm with a minimal call rate of >95%. For copy number analysis QC, individual arrays must have a median of the absolute values of all pairwise differences below 0.35. CNA analyses were performed using Affymetrix Genotyping Console 4.0 with regional GC correction and default software settings. HapMap reference, release 30, was used as the reference model for CNA analyses. CNA segments were reported with a hidden Markov model algorithm using the default CNA map in Genotyping Console 4.0 (Toronto DGV map). LOH was defined by Genotyping Console 4.0 using the sliding window algorithm described in http://media.affymetrix.com/support/technical/whitepapers/loh_algorithm_gtc2_whitepaper.pdf, which demonstrated a true-positive call rate of well over 90% for most validation cases and a false-positive rate of <10%. The minimum LOH size was set to 100 kb, eliminating >70% of the copy number–neutral LOH found in HapMap samples, and a minimum of 10 SNP markers within the region that report LOH were used.
The methods we used have been characterized previously to be highly robust and accurate when identifying large (≥100 kb) CNA and LOH (20–22). Data generated by Genotyping Console were used to identify frequent CNA regions among CTC–tumor metastasis pairs. CNA on the sex chromosomes were excluded from analysis, and autosomal CNA were kept in the final analysis. The CNA reported were all on the size order of a cytoband.
The biostatistical analysis methods are described in the Data Supplement that accompanies the online version of this report at http://www.clinchem.org/content/vol60/issue6.
A CTC immunocapture was developed utilizing IgM human mAb against 3 melanoma-related gangliosides [GM3 (13), GM2 (14), and GD2 (15)] coupled to immunomagnetic beads. Tumor-associated gangliosides are sialyl glycosphingolipids present on the outer surface of the cell plasma membrane (23). Melanoma-associated ganglioside expression has been previously reported by our group using biochemical assays and patient Ab analysis (13, 23, 24), and gangliosides have been successfully used as targets for mAb-based therapy in melanoma (14, 25). Use of multiple cell-surface Ab for immunocapture of CTC in melanoma patients addresses CTC capture sensitivity, tumor heterogeneity, and identification of aggressive CTC phenotypes. IgM human mAbs were used because they provide stronger capture efficiency than IgG mAbs. To evaluate the detection limit of our immuno-CTC capture assay, we spiked serially diluted cultured melanoma cells (100, 50, 10, 1, and 0 cells) in 107 PBMCs from healthy donors and retrieved by our immunocapture technique (Fig. 1A). Total RNA was extracted from captured melanoma cells and subjected to RT-qPCR as previously described (26). Captured CTC were verified by detection of 4 known melanoma-associated RT-qPCR biomarkers (TRP-2, MAGE-A3, MART-1, and PAX-3) that we previously identified in tumors and CTC from metastatic melanoma patients. The immunocapture assay sensitivity of capturing melanoma CTC from PBMCs was approximately 1 to 5 melanoma cells in 107 PBMCs (Fig. 1A). The specificity of the assay for isolation of melanoma cells was verified by staining captured CTC with a melanoma-related antigen, MART-1 (Fig. 1B).
Whole-genome SNP-based analysis using the Affymetrix Human Genome-Wide SNP 6.0 microarray was carried out on captured CTC and paired metastatic tissue from 13 patients with melanoma regional palpable metastases (stage IIIB/C). CTC were evaluated for CNA using Genotyping Console 4.0 against the HapMap 270 reference. There were several notable recurring CNA across patient CTC. We identified 251 CNA present in >50% of CTC (Table 1). Of these, CNG at 20 loci were present in >90% of CTC, and CNG aberrations at 2 loci (2q35 and 16p13.3) were seen in 100% of CTC. Furthermore, 100% of CTC had CNL at 9 loci (4p16.3, 6q25.3, 9p34.3, 10p15.3, 10q26.3, 14q32.33, 16p13.3, 18q23, 19p13.3), and an additional 14 CNL were present in >90% of CTC. Additionally, >90% of CTC had LOH at 14q23.3, and an additional 23 LOHs were detected in >50% of CTC.
To examine the relevance of CTC-associated genomic aberrations, we compared the genomic profiles of CTC to those for paired tumor tissue samples from 13 melanoma patients with stage III B/C regional metastases. All 13 sample pairs showed SNP status concordance of >90%, and 10 pairs had SNP concordance of ≥97% (see online Supplemental Table 1). Furthermore, in a genome-wide comparative analysis of CNA states defined by gene segment, the 13 CTC–tumor metastasis pairs showed 71% to 96% concordant CNA changes among 17 599 gene coding regions and 80% to 98% concordant CNA changes among 30 994 coding and noncoding 100-kb gene segments (see online Supplemental Table 1). By use of the Cohen κ statistical analysis, all CTC and tumor pairs showed a κ coefficient of >0.7, showing high agreement between CTC and tumor genotype and CNA.
Melanomas are heterogeneous, and we hypothesized that CTC harbor genomic CNA representative of particularly aggressive tumor clones. To this end, a detailed CNA analysis at SNP loci was carried out on each CTC–tumor metastasis pair to determine regions of common genomic change. Common loci CNA are presented in Fig. 2. Ten loci CNG and 14 loci CNL were identified in >80% of CTC–tumor metastasis pairs, and 13 loci LOH were identified in >50% of CTC–tumor metastasis pairs. Of note, CNG at 2q35 was detected in all CTC–tumor metastasis pairs, CNG in 1q25.1, 2p16.3, and 14q32.33 were present in 12 of 13 CTC–tumor metastasis pairs, and an additional 6 CNG were detected in 11 of 13 CTC–tumor pairs (Fig. 2A). Additionally, CNL in 6q25.3, 9p34.3, 14q32.33, and 19p13.3 were identified in all CTC–tumor metastasis pairs, and an additional 10 CNLs were found in 11 of 13 CTC–tumor metastasis pairs (Fig. 2B). Lastly, 13 CTC LOHs were also positively verified in their paired tumor metastases in >50% of CTC–tumor pairs, and LOH at 14q23.3 was identified in 12 of 13 CTC–tumor metastasis pairs (Fig. 2C).
Because distant organ metastases are CTC derived, we postulated that CTC-associated CNA may represent genomic regions of importance in melanoma metastasis. We sought to verify our hypothesis by evaluation of CTC-associated genomic changes in a subsequent exploratory study of 27 patients who had undergone surgical resection of distant organ tumor metastasis (stage IV patients). We evaluated the top CNA (n = 37) identified in paired CTC–tumor metastasis in the discovery cohort (Fig. 2), defined by CNG and CNL common in >80% of paired CTC–tumor metastasis and LOH common in >50% of paired CTC–tumor metastasis. Of these 37 loci, genomic aberrations at 15 loci were identified in >50% of distant-organ melanoma metastases in this verification study.
To further verify whether these CNA were indeed present in metastatic melanomas, we assessed the presence of CNA spanning the 37 putative CNA from melanoma lymph node metastases (n = 169) and distant metastases (n = 35) from TCGA. For the CNGs, 4 were present in over 24% of the TCGA cohort, and 6 were present in >40% of the cohort. All CNLs reported were present in >40% of the TCGA cohort. LOH data were not publicly available.
To further verify whether the CNA verified in the stage IV patient cohort were indeed linked to the systemic metastatic potential of CTC rather than overall melanoma metastasis, we assessed the presence of the CNA in regional metastasis (n = 6, stage IIIB/C melanoma patients) with 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) after surgical resection to render the patients disease free. Using a Pearson test to compare these verified CNA/LOH to those present in 6 patients with 10-year DFS, we found that CNGs at 14q32.33 and 1q25.1 as well as LOH at 12q24.13, 16q11.2, and 1p34.3 were indeed present at a significantly higher frequency in stage IV metastases (see online Supplemental Table 2). These findings verified that certain CTC-associated CNA were also present in systemic metastases, and suggest that CTC may contain specific genomic aberrations important in development of systemic metastasis.
To determine the relevance of CTC-associated CNA in predicting progression of regional melanoma, CTC-associated genomic aberrations were verified in an exploratory biomarker study of cell lines derived from regional metastatic tissue of 35 patients with stage IIIB/IIIC melanomas. The top CNA (n = 37) identified in CTC–tumor metastasis pairs in the discovery cohort (Fig. 2) were evaluated. Single-genomic site analyses and genomic panel analyses were carried out. Survival analyses of individual genomic sites did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple testing in this pilot study analysis. Using stepwise Cox regression, we developed a 5-marker CNA panel with the greatest prognostic utility, consisting of CNG at 1p35.1, CNG at 2q14.3, CNG at 14q32.33, CNL at 14q32.11, and CNL at 21q22.3. To determine whether these events were common in metastatic melanomas, the presence of CNA in these cytobands was assessed in the TCGA cohort. Of the 5 CNA reported, a CNG at 2q14.3 was present in 26% of the cohort, with the CNA at the other markers present in 40%–51% of the cohort.
A risk score was generated that classified patients into high-risk and low-risk groups for melanoma recurrence and death. The high-risk group classification conferred a significantly worse cancer outcome compared to the low-risk group, with 5-year DFS rates of 13% vs 69% (P = 0.0006) and overall survival of 28% vs 94% (there were limited events in one group to report an accurate P value), respectively (Fig. 3, A and B). The risk score generated from the 5-marker CNA panel was then placed in a multivariable Cox model with known melanoma prognostic factors (27). In a multivariable analysis of the CNA risk score and lymph node positivity, the CNA risk-score was an independent prognostic factor for 5-year melanoma recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.14; CI 1.00–1.44; P = 0.0471) and death (hazard ratio, 2.86; CI 1.23–14.42; P = 0.0014).
CTC are an attractive alternative to tumor tissues for genomic profiling and biomarker analysis (28). CTC can be readily extracted from PBMC obtained from a blood draw without the antecedent risks of and need for an invasive surgical resection or percutaneous tissue biopsy for tumor sampling. Furthermore, tumor tissue may not always be available for analysis, particularly when metastases are small or when biopsy or surgery is not technically feasible. CTC can provide a real-time evaluation of subclinical melanoma spread and a method for monitoring patient response to therapy (1, 6, 29). The study of genomic aberrations in CTC may provide insight into genomic characteristics and mechanisms by which tumor cells establish distant organ metastasis and lead to the development of strategies to target CTC to prevent or control systemic melanoma metastasis.
A comprehensive genomic profile and analysis of melanoma CTC have not been reported to date. Our genome-wide SNP-based characterization of CTC revealed 251 CNA, which may represent candidate genomic aberrations important in melanoma progression and metastasis. Herein, we independently report on several known melanoma-associated SNP loci.
SNP loci identified by CTC were used to generate an exploratory 5-marker CNA gene panel: CUB and Sushi multiple domains 2 (CSMD2), 1p35.1; contactin associated protein-like 5 (CNTNAP5), 2q14.3; NRDE-2, necessary for RNA interference, domain containing (NRDE2), 14q32.11; ADAM metallopeptidase domain 6, pseudogene (ADAM6), 14q32.33; and transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 (TRPM2), 21q22.3, with the ability to differentiate melanoma patients with good and poor outcome. Four of these 5 genes have been reported in cancer or have been implicated in cell adhesion and metastasis. TRPM2 is a calcium channel activated by oxidative stress that regulates susceptibility to cell death (30–33) and has been implicated in prostate cancer (32) and melanoma (33). In a recent report by Orfanelli et al. on aberrant sense and antisense transcripts derived from global hypomethylation studies in melanoma, several transcripts within the TRPM2 locus were enriched in melanoma (33). qPCR confirmed upregulation of TRPM2-AS and TRPM2-TE transcripts within the TRPM2 region, with corresponding methylation status of a shared CpG island in melanoma. Overexpression of wild-type TRPM2 and functional knockout of TRPM2-TE by stable transfection increased cellular apoptosis and necrosis in melanoma cells. Further, CSMD2 has been reported to be hypermethylated in pancreatic cancer and is a putative tumor suppressor gene (34). Also, CNTNAP5 is a transmembrane protein involved in cell adhesion (35). Comparative CNA and gene-based analyses showed the association of CNTNAP1 (member of CNTNAP family) with breast cancer risk (36). Lastly, cancer metastasis requires the ability to dissociate from neighboring cells or the extracellular matrix. ADAM is a family of membrane proteins involved in cell–cell adhesion and cell–matrix adhesion (37, 38). It is characterized by a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain with an epidermal growth factor–like region and harbors both adhesion and proteolytic domains implicated in integrin function and matrix degradation (38, 39). Verification of the biomarker panel in a large independent patient cohort would be valuable and warrants further study. Additionally, there may be other genes relevant to melanoma progression spanning the regions identified in the 5-marker CNA panel. The genes mentioned are major reported genes that have potential importance in metastasis and/or melanoma.
Our study was limited in that the immunocapture approach targeted different gangliosides with several mAbs, so some melanoma CTC that expressed low amounts or none of the gangliosides on their surface may be missed. Additionally, the verification cohorts used were pathologically well-defined stage IIIB/C and IV melanomas. Given that melanoma tumors may be heterogeneous, these samples were representative of the tumor removed beyond tissue necessary for standard pathological assessment.
This study provides the first detailed genome-wide SNP- and CNA-based analysis of melanoma CTC. The results confirm the close genomic relation between CTC and tumor metastases. There were notable recurring CNA across patient groups, which were subsequently demonstrated to be highly represented in systemic metastatic melanomas and to be of prognostic utility. The genomic study of CTC may be an important and novel approach in the identification of prometastatic genes in melanoma patients with regional stage IIIB/C disease whose risk of distant metastasis development is high and time frame of recurrence is unknown.
Data Access
All array data are deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data bank and are accessible through GEO Series accession file GSE43934. In particular, the samples with 10-year DFS are O871, O870, O857, O844, O848, and O866.
↵† Connie G. Chiu and Yoshitaka Nakamura contributed equally to the work, and both should be considered as first authors.
↵6 Nonstandard abbreviations:
- circulating tumor cells;
- single-nucleotide polymorphism;
- copy number aberration;
- copy number gains;
- copy number losses;
- loss of heterozygosity;
- American Joint Committee on Cancer;
- peripheral blood mononuclear cells;
- mAb,
- monoclonal antibody;
- good laboratory practice;
- RT-qPCR,
- reverse transcription-quantitative PCR;
- tyrosine-related protein 2;
- melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1;
- melanoma antigen gene-A3 family;
- paired box homeotic gene transcription factor 3;
- whole-genome amplification;
- disease-free survival.
↵7 Human genes:
- beta-2-microglobulin;
- CUB and Sushi multiple domains 2;
- C14orf102,
- chromosome 14 open reading frame 102;
- contactin associated protein-like 5;
- NRDE-2, necessary for RNA interference, domain containing;
- ADAM metallopeptidase domain 6, pseudogene;
- transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2. See also the Fig. 2 legend for more gene information.
Author Contributions: All authors confirmed they have contributed to the intellectual content of this paper and have met the following 3 requirements: (a) significant contributions to the conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; (b) drafting or revising the article for intellectual content; and (c) final approval of the published article.
Authors' Disclosures or Potential Conflicts of Interest: Upon manuscript submission, all authors completed the author disclosure form. Disclosures and/or potential conflicts of interest:
Employment or Leadership: D.S.B. Hoon, JWCI.
Consultant or Advisory Role: None declared.
Stock Ownership: None declared.
Honoraria: None declared.
Research Funding: D.L. Morton, award numbers P0 CA029605 and P0 CA012582 from the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; D.S.B. Hoon, the Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation, the Melanoma Research Alliance, and award numbers P0 CA029605 and P0 CA012582 from the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute.
Expert Testimony: None declared.
Patents: D.S.B. Hoon, U.S. patent number 8,039,218.
Role of Sponsor: The funding organizations played no role in the design of study, choice of enrolled patients, review and interpretation of data, or preparation or approval of manuscript.
- Received for publication July 24, 2013.
- Accepted for publication March 20, 2014.
- © 2014 The American Association for Clinical Chemistry


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Dutch tax legislation provides a special facility for employees attracted from abroad who possess a special expertise that is scarce or cannot be found on the Dutch job market: the 30% ruling. Under this ruling, the employer can provide up to a maximum of 30% of the gross salary to the employee as a tax-free cost allowance. Tax-free in this context means that the employer does not withhold any payroll tax and social security contributions from the allowance.
The 30% ruling is meant as a compensation for necessary extra costs in connection with the acceptance of (temporary) employment outside of the own country of residence: these so-called "extraterritorial costs".
The University of Twente has placed the 30% ruling under the Optional Model for Employment Conditions. This means that if you make use of this ruling, you exchange part of your gross salary for a net cost allowance: the 30% ruling. This results in a higher net salary.
The advantage for you if you take up the 30% ruling under the optional model is that a reduction of the pensionable earnings is not required. You accrue pension over the salary that would be applicable to you without applying the 30% ruling.
To be eligible for the 30% ruling you need to meet several conditions. Moreover, making use of the 30% ruling will have consequenses for other employment conditions, the amount of any transitional compensation and your entitlement to social security.
Click here to start the application process for the 30 % ruling.
Once you have stated your request to start the application process, your access to the Optional Model for Employment Conditions 2018 (simulation model) is blocked.
If in your situation the Tax Administration does not agree with application of the 30% ruling, you still get access to the Option Model up to and including 30 September of the current calendar year.
Extraterritorial costs
These so-called "extraterritorial costs" consist of, among other things:
- Extra costs of maintenance due to a higher cost of living in the country of employment than in the country of origin, such as extra costs for meals, gas, water and electricity (cost of living allowance).
- Costs for getting acquainted with the country of employment, possibly including the family, for example for finding a house and/or school.
- Costs for applying for or converting official documents, such as residence permits, visas and travel licences.
- Costs for medical checks and vaccinations for a stay in the country of employment.
- Double accommodation costs if the employee continues to live in the country of origin, for example hotel costs.
- The (initial) accommodation costs if and insofar as these exceed the ordinary accommodation costs. Ordinary accommodation costs are considered to amount to 18% of the income from current employment. The excess is considered to be extraterritorial costs.
- Storage costs for any household effects that are not moved to the country of employment.
- Travelling costs to the country of origin, for example to visit relatives or for family reunification.
- Extra costs for having the income tax return completed as a result of being posted to the Netherlands.
- Costs of courses for language courses of the country of employment for the employee and the family members staying with him.
- Extra (non-business) telephone costs for calls to the country of origin.
To be eligible for the 30% ruling you need to meet the following conditions:
This calendar year you didn't make use of one or more of the other exchange options in the Optional Model Employment Conditions.
You are not eligible to the 30%-ruling in an optional year if in that year you have already made use of one or more of the other exchange options in the optional model. Once you have definitively recorded a choice in the Optional Model Employment Conditions (simulation model), your access to the web application (DPR) for applying for the 30%-ruling will be blocked.
At the moment on which you submit an application for the 30%-ruling to the Group Directorate Personnel Department, the remaining duration of your employment is at least 11 months.
The application procedure will take a total of about four months. Because the procedure is labour-intensive for the employer, the university sets the condition then the employment continues for at least another 11 months.
You have been recruited from a country outside the Netherlands.
At the moment on which you entered into an employment contract with the university, you were not living and working in the Netherlands. The 30% ruling can also be applied if immediately prior to the start of your employment with the UT you were employed by another Dutch employer where you made use of the 30% ruling. In this situation you can continue to make use of the 30% ruling if and insofar as the maximum term of the tax ruling of the Tax Administration (10 years) has not yet expired. In this situation you will have to re-apply for a tax ruling, along with your new employer (UT).
You meet the 150 kilometres criterion
In the period of 24 months immediately prior to the start of your employment with the University of Twente, you lived at a distance of more than 150 kilometres from the Dutch border during more than 16 months.
You are a member of the UT's academic staff and you entered the employment of the UT on or after 1 January 2016
Starting from 1 Januari 2012 the Tax Administration automatically assumes that scientists at universities (employees with a UFO profile starting with 01) have a specific expertise that is hardly if at all to be found on the Dutch job market. For scientists who have been employed before this date, the Tax Administration takes into account other factors in assessing the scarcity and expertise requirement.
Your salary is taxed in the Netherlands
For application of the 30% ruling it is not necessary that you reside in the Netherlands. However, the salary for which the 30% ruling is used must be taxed in the Netherlands on the basis of a bilateral tax treaty. If on the basis of the tax treaty your salary can only be taxed abroad, the 30% ruling cannot be applied.
In your situation the Tax Administration consents to application of the 30% ruling
The 30% ruling can only be applied after the Tax Administration has issued a tax ruling. Both the university and yourself must apply for this tax ruling together, at the Tax Administration Limburg/Department of International Issues. If the tax ruling has been applied for within 4 months after commencement of your appointment in the Netherlands, the 30% ruling can be granted with retroactive effect until the date of commencement of the employment. If the application is filed at a later moment, the 30% allowance can only be granted on the first day of the month following the month in which the application has been filed with the Tax Administration.
The maximum period for applying the 30% ruling has not expired
The 30% ruling can be applied up to a maximum of 5 years. If the application has not been filed within 4 months after commencement of your employment in the Netherlands, this term will be reduced by the period already lapsed between the moment of commencement of employment and the moment on which the application has been filed. The total duration of the 30% Ruling (5 years) will also be reduced by the period you lived or worked in the Netherlands during the 25 years immediately prior to your employment with the University of Twente.
Making use of the 30% ruling has a number of additional effects for you, including:
- You cannot use the other exchange options under the Optional Model Employment Conditions.
- You are not entitled to compensation of costs that are considered as extraterritorial costs, such as a tax-free allowance for the costs of double accommodation.
- If the University of Twente, prior to or during the application procedure for the 30% tax ruling, has reimbursed costs that qualify as extraterritorial costs (for example administrative charges), on applying the 30% tax ruling these will be settled with your holiday allowance, year-end bonus and/or salary over the month of December.
- You do not qualify for a labour market allowance in the sense of Article 3.14 CAO NU (Collective labour agreement Dutch universities).
- No premiums for employee insurance (WW; unemployment benefit, WIA; benefit under the Work and Income according to Labour Capacity Act) are levied over the tax-free expense allowance (30% ruling). Consequently, any future benefits will be lower.
- After expiry of the period in which the 30% ruling is applied, your net income will drop. You are not entitled to any allowance resulting from this fall.
- The one-off costs of the application procedure (to a maximum of € 300) are for your account. This amount is settled with your net salary in three instalments. (There is an exception for the PDEng trainee. For the PDEng trainee there is a maximum of €150 for his/her own account.)
- The 30% tax ruling is calculated over your monthly salary, holiday allowance, year-end bonus and other special remuneration components (for example a bonus).
- If you are entitled to a transitional compensation upon termination of employment, this is calculated on the basis of the reduced wage. As a result, any such transitional compensation will be lower than when the 30% ruling is not applied.
Application procedure 30%-ruling
- Staff members who believe they meet the conditions for application of the 30%-ruling, can apply to the Group Directorate Personnel Department via a web application.
- The salary administration will make a rough assessment as to whether it is useful to start the application procedure. For example, they will examine whether immediately prior to his or her employment, the staff member lived and worked abroad for an extended period of time.
- If it proves to be useful to start up the application procedure the salary administration collects all necessary documents and completes the application for the Tax Administration. If necessary, KPMG/Meyburg is asked to assist in this context.
- The salary administration invites the staff member to sign the application for the Tax Administration.
- After receiving the decision from the Tax Administration, the salary administration informs the staff member and the faculty of this.
- In the event of a positive decision from the Tax Administration the ruling is granted from the effective date of the decision. The salary administration will see to the administrative processing.
- In the event of a negative decision, the "regular" Optional Model Employment Conditions will be made open again to the staff member.
Exceptional case: PDeng TRAINEE
For the PDEng trainee, the tax benefit of the 30% ruling is small. Because the minimum wage has to be taken into account, only part of the 30% ruling can be applied to the salary.
However, the PDeng trainee can still apply for the 30% ruling. If there is a positive decision from the Tax Authorities, then there are two options:
- Option 1: you will not have the 30% ruling applied to your salary. With the decision of the Tax Authorities you can, in certain cases, exchange your foreign driver's license for a Dutch driver's license. The decision is also a condition to allow a possible next employer to apply the 30% ruling. With this option you can continue to make use of the other exchange options in the Optional Model for Employment Conditions.
- Option 2: you will have the 30% ruling applied to your salary. In particular, this can be useful when you are eligible for the rent benefit. However, the application does have disadvantages for, for example, the level of any benefits (e.g. unemployment benefit) and the transitional compensation. You will also be excluded from the other exchange opportunities within the Optinal Model for Employment Conditions.
For questions about whether or not to apply the 30% ruling, please contact the payroll department via email@example.com
The Dutch text of this regulation is binding. In case of a difference of interpretation, this translation cannot be used for legal purposes.


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Blog: Everything Typepad
Well, we found it for you! Blogside search is now available for all TypePad bloggers. As simple as clicking on a button, you can add a search box that allows your readers to search posts,... | Continue »
Please scroll to end of the post for updated information about backing up your content. How would you feel and what would you do if you lost all your blog posts? Of if all the content you posted on Facebook disappeared because your account was hacked? I know this seems obvious, but I frequently encounter people who are not backing up their content and databases on a regular basis. First, make sure you're computer files are being backed up regularly. When I switched to Carbonite Online Backup a couple of years ago, I stopped thinking about it. Backup of my... | Continue »
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Do you love creating jewelery? Do you love to craft? Do you love creating handmade gifts for your special friends and loved ones? Then Stampin Up has the perfect line for you- Simply Adorned Stamps,... | Continue »
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I just love this photo...we so rarely get snow here in Western Washington that it is such a delight when we do. I always grab my camera and head out to see what I can find through my lens. This is an old maple tree in our lower pasture that has the tire swing on it. It is a favorite of all the kids and it makes me smile every time I look out the window and see it...even when its all lonely in the first snow of the season. Oh yeah I am also throwing my hat in the... | Continue »
I've been interviewed twice in the last week for articles in trade magazines - one for restaurants and the other for optical professionals in Canada - about using online marketing and social media for locally based businesses (bricks and mortar stores). I tell them if their ideal client/customer/diner/patient cannot find them on the web, it's like they don't exist. If you're like me, and millions are, you use the Web to find information for just about everything, including local businesses. How many times have you done a search to find a restaurant in your own neighborhood or one you're visiting?... | Continue »
Blog: a year of happy
Mother Teresa of Calcutta was a well-known humanitarian and advocate for the poor. Mother Teresa said: People are often unreasonable and self-centered. Forgive them anyway. If you are honest, people may cheat you. Be honest anyway. If you find happiness, people may be jealous. Be happy anyway. The good you do today may be forgotten tomorrow. Do good anyway. Give the world the best you have and it may never be enough. Give your best anyway. For you see, in the end, it is between you and God. It was never between you and them anyway. http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrsco/ / CC BY... | Continue »
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My mom prints out some of my blog posts and emails to save, and for my dad to read. While that's adorable, it's doesn't hold a candle to how happy my folks would be if... | Continue »
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A friend told me to put in a cap full of apple cider viniger in the dogs water bowl. It would stop the urine from burning our lawn. Is this an old wives tale ??? ??? or does it really work?
It really works -- by making the water so unsavory that your dog stops drinking it and therefore stopes peeing. (Just joking)
Seriously, keep a jug of water by the door and dilute the urine where it's landed. Diluted, it helps the grass -- undiluted, it's too strong and burns it.
Puff [YF, AKC field line (from competing HT/FT breeder) 62 lbs, dob: 8-'01]
Bess [BF, AKC bench line (from competing show breeder) 55 lbs., 1967-1981] "Poor Bess, the Wonder Dog":
Yes, it does work. I don't put it in their water, just add a bit to their food (about a teaspoon).
Bonnie ~ Ellsworth Labradors
Home to Ellsworth's Playing For Keeps CGC, U-CH SHR Ellsorth's Absolut Pleasure, Ellsworth's Good Luck Charm
Gone but not forgotten: Franklin's Lucy of Ellsworth; Franklin's Rare Treat; U-CD Franklin's Rockin' Robin CDX, WC, CGC; Alpha-Omega's Mustang Salli CDX, CGC
I tried adding ACV to my dogs' water in an attempt to adjust the ph of Cassie's urine, due to a recurrent UTI. Even a scant teaspoon in a large bowl of water was distasteful enough that neither dog would drink it. I tried a few times over the course of a few days and each time they would begin to drink from a bowl I added vinegar to they would stop after the first taste and not return.
I did this too with my dog (because of "flea" problems, not lawn problem). Neither the 2 cats or my dog would go near it.
Very interesting information! FYI--Apple cide vinegar added to a horse trough keeps it cleaner, and the horses will drink MORE! Also, when my cockatiel had some urinary issues, the vet recommended that I put a small amount (I don't remember how much) in his water. It seemed to help. Also, don't the old wives recommend apple cider vinegar for people to cure all kinds of things?
I have a friend who uses ACV for almost every thing. She puts a spoonfull into a glass of water and drinks it if she gets a urinary tract infection. For thrush, she soaks a tampon in it (very quickly) and then inserts it where tampons usually get inserted... , or uses it diluted as a duche. She uses it as an anticeptic if her kids, or animals cut themselves (undiluted).Originally Posted by kpowell
It tastes horrible and is hard to get used to drinking - I have tried it diluted, but have decided if I need to take a spoon full, I take it straight up and wash it down with some coke or some fuzzy drink. it does seem to do the job tho.
my 2cents worth
apple cidar viniger works to ward off yeast in ears and can help with dry itchy coat. Putting a tbspn in my dogs food does not help my lawn however. And yes, my dog gobbles it down.
FYI - For poster with recurring UTI try giving cranberry caps daily and I also check my dogs PH weekly to be sure there isn't a UTI sneaking up. If PH is hi I dbl up on crancaps for a week and check PH again. This truly works and I have even cured a mild UTI (urinalysis done at vet) with cran caps. Probiotics can help as well.
Normal PH is 5.5-7 and you can buy the strips at a pharmacy (you need a 1-10 range) or on line.
I give 2100 mg. daily of cran caps (1 capsule).


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Burlington Mayor Bernie Sanders: Sanders and Progressive Aldermen Request Bob Young's Resignation from B.E.D.
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PEG TV Public Hearing
MONDAY, OCTOBER 21st: Share your thoughts on the value of PEG access channels and services to Vermont communities, the costs of such programming and services, and funding options to support programming and services at a PEG TV Public Hearing on October 21st.


text: agreed between Welsh local authorities, the Welsh government and the UK government²¹: l The Cardiff Capital Region City Deal involves a £1.2bn Investment Fund, which will go into a range of projects including the development of a South Wales Metro over a 20-year period. 33 l The Swansea Bay City Deal provides £1.3bn of funding over 15 years: £241m from the Welsh and UK Governments, £637m from the private sector and £396m from other public sector organisations. Finally, something should be said, albeit briefly, about London. Though well beyond the scope of the report, London has continually been the UK's devolution sandbox, with continuous cycles of devolution and abolition: "London-wide government was reorganised four times between 1855 and 1986, leading prominent scholars to label it a 'recurring experiment'.²²" The current settlement instituted by the Greater London Authority Act 1999 has meant that London is now almost 20 years along its latest devolution journey, and its impact has been integral to shaping how mayors are perceived in the UK. I have been struck, in particular, by the level of support given to the six metro mayors, on whom this report focuses, by the Mayor of London's office, and the collegiate relationship they have after working together on a number of joint submissions and campaigns. London is often seen as a model for the other mayors. However, there are still considerable limits to London's powers. Almost 20 years on, its financial powers are still highly limited compared to some European cities. London currently retains just 7 per cent of ²¹ City Deals and the Regional Economies of Wales, Welsh Assembly Economy, Infrastructure and Skills Committee, 2017 ²² Institute for Government, Achieving Political Decentralisation, January 2014


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July 7th
6pm – 9pm
Regina Victor, Founder of Rescripted, wants you to think back to the best reviews of your art. How did they make you feel? What do you want from your critical community and how do you go about getting it? How do we employ empathy in criticism and how can it further serve the artists? In a culture where it feels like critics don't see us, how do we build our own critical structures? Learn the basic principles of Rescripted's review culture, how to write a review and become an artist/critic from a Rescripted angle, and discuss the effects of criticism and critical bias on our art.
What to wear: Casual
What to bring: However you like to take notes
Regina Victor (they/them/theirs) is an arts journalist, director, and multidisciplinary artist. Victor, an Oakland native, is thrilled to return to the Bay Area. In 2017 Victor founded Rescripted, an online arts journalism platform by and for artists in Chicago. Their writing can be found in Howlround, American Theatre Magazine, The Windy City Times and of course on Rescripted. The Key: Young Critics Mentorship Program founded with Oliver Sava is an off-shoot of Rescripted, and trains emerging critics in the craft through the use of subjective perspectives and empathy. Victor has been selected for a number of prestigious programs over the years, including the SDCF Observership 17/18 class, the Victory Gardens Director's Inclusion Initiative, and most recently served as the Artistic Apprentice and Multicultural Fellow at Steppenwolf Theatre. Recent credits include TOO HEAVY FOR YOUR POCKET at Writers Theatre (dramaturgy) and FAMILIAR at Steppenwolf Theatre (Assistant Director).Read more at www.rescripted.org.
8 persons max per class.
All classes will be at Live Oak Theater, Berkeley
Individual session: $90
4 PACK: $280 ($70 per session)
8 PACK: $520 ($65 per session)
16 PACK: $960 ($60 per session)
Inquire and reserve your slots with Laura Espino: email@example.com


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32 17 Broadway
Astoria, NY 11106
Clifford Degel, D.D.S. is proud to be a popular Astoria area Lumineers® dentist. If you have sensitive teeth and want pain-free dental veneers, we can help.
Our highly trained team has extensive experience with this quick and easy procedure. We'll help you transform from feeling self-conscious to feeling confident about your bright new smile.
Astoria area dentist, Dr. Clifford Degel has extensive experience providing dental phobia treatments that help patients ease their dental anxiety. If fear of the dentist is keeping you from getting the quality dental care you need, we can help. You're not alone. Our trained team works with all kinds of anxiety and stress. We'll help you get the dental treatment you need in a way that makes you feel comfortable.
Dr. Degel has extensive experience providing gingivitis treatments in the Astoria area. Bleeding gums can lead to more serious health problems if not treated promptly.
Our friendly, professional team will evaluate your needs and design a personal treatment plan. We'll help you have healthy gums and teeth for life.
Clifford Degel, D.D.S. is proud to be a trusted Astoria area Zoom!® teeth whitening dentist. Our patients love the short amount of time the tooth whitening treatment takes as much as they love the results.
You'll be able to relax in our comfortable surroundings. In just about an hour, you'll have a sparkling white smile!
If you need dentures in a day in the Astoria area, Dr. Clifford Degel can help. Our professional and friendly team at Astoria Dental Group will talk with you to understand your needs.
You won't have to put your social life on hold because you feel like hiding your smile or can't chew your favorite foods. We provide fast service so you can continue to enjoy your life as soon as possible.
154 Jackson Avenue
Syosset, NY 11791
If you're looking for denture repair in the Syosset area, our team at Howard F. Matt, DMD, PC offers friendly service. Dr. Matt understands the importance of reliable dentures that fit properly.
We'll get your repairs done professionally and quickly. You'll be able to eat and smile again with confidence as soon as possible.
Syosset area Invisalign® dentist Howard Matt, D.M.D. is happy to provide your new clear braces. At Howard F. Matt, DMD, PC, we want you to have the straight teeth and beautiful smile you desire.
We're happy to assess your needs create your individual treatment plan for braces. You may be able to have your new Invisalign® aligners sooner than you think!
Safe, anxiety-free dentistry with Syosset area dentist Dr. Howard Matt means you can have dental treatments done quickly while you're lightly sedated, with little or no discomfort.
You no longer have to tolerate feeling uncomfortable, hiding your smile, or putting off dental work because of a busy schedule. You'll feel relaxed during your dental appointment, and relieved that your oral health is in good hands.
If you're concerned about dental treatments, soothing nitrous oxide (laughing gas) is one of a number of options available at Howard F. Matt, DMD, PC to help reduce your dental anxiety. Syosset, New York, area dentist, Dr. Matt, wants your dental visit to be as comfortable as possible.
If you're interested in natural-looking false teeth, Syosset area dentures dentist Howard Matt, D.M.D. has solutions. Our team uses modern materials and techniques to achieve the natural results you envision.
We'll evaluate your situation and create your personal treatment plan. You'll enjoy eating and smiling with your comfortable new dentures.
30 Central Park South Ste 12A
New York, NY 10019
Rosen, Sidney D.D.S.
455 Central Park Ave # 309
Scarsdale, NY, 10583-1034
Gennarelli, Maria D.D.S.
75 Brook St
Scarsdale, NY, 10583-5163
Greene, David M D.D.S.
700 Post Rd # 20
Scarsdale, NY, 10583-5013
Rubler, Robert S D.D.S.
17 Rectory Ln
Scarsdale, NY, 10583-4313
In many cases it's the dentist - and not the physician - who has the first opportunity to detect diabetes early, because diabetics are especially prone to dental health problems.
Swollen, tender, receding and bleeding gums, loose teeth, and a sore tongue may not just be signs of poor dental hygiene. They may be danger signals for diabetes, too.
If you have any of these symptoms, you may be one of the estimated 11 million people in North America who already have diabetes, or you may be one of the 600,000 who will be diagnosed this year.
Diabetes occurs when a gland called the pancreas fails to produce sufficient amounts of the hormone, insulin, to regulate blood sugar levels. In other words: Diabetics have too little insulin and too much sugar in their blood.
When this happens, the body tissue can't convert the sugar it needs into energy. The blood stream then fills with this unused sugar and the result is diabetes - a disease medical journals often describe as the "forever" disease.
A serious illness which respects neither age, sex, race nor income level, diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in people 20 to 65 years old and can lead to kidney failure, heart attacks and even death.
But outside the dental community, few people realize that diabetics have more than their share of tooth and periodontal (gum) problems. This fact is especially true for undiagnosed diabetics or those who have failed to control their disease adequately with insulin and/or diet and exercise.
Periodontal disease among diabetics progresses rapidly, recurs frequently, and heals slowly. The resistance to treatment can lead to loosened teeth and premature tooth loss.
Your regular dental office visits provide the best chance for early detection of many health problems, including diabetes. If you have a diabetic tendency, your dentist may very well refer you to your physician - another good reason to keep your prescribed dental recall and dental cleaning appointments faithfully!
If you are diabetic, it's important that you keep your dental health history up-to-date, exercise regularly, and eat a diet that provides good nutrition:
Teeth don't heal themselves, so small problems turn into big ones if left untreated. Major oral surgery requires a general anesthetic which means "no food prior to surgery" - a problem for diabetics.
Is there a link between maternal periodontal disease and premature, low birth-weight babies?
The Journal of Periontology published a special supplement in October 1996 to introduce an important study, "Periodontal Infection as a Risk Factor for Preterm Low Birth Weight." This study establishes just such an association.
Periodontal disease is a chronic infection of the oral cavity that can worsen without treatment, especially during pregnancy. This study is one of the first of its kind to suggest maternal periodontal disease as a possible risk factor for premature, low birth-weight babies, according to The American Academy of Periontology.
In order to substantiate these results, more studies are needed. We'd also benefit from determining whether intercepting maternal periodontal disease will reduce the risk of premature delivery.
Until we learn the results, the American Academy of Periontology urges that any periodontal infection during pregnancy should be treated seriously. If a woman has been diagnosed with periodontal disease, she and her obstetrician - with consultation from a periodontist - should follow the best plan of treatment.


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Laowa 17mm F4 Zero-D Lens for Fujifilm GFX is coming! According to the latest rumors from Chinese web Xitek, this new lens will cost $1,249. Read More »
Monthly Archives: May 2019
Nikon AF-S NIKKOR 600mm F5.6E PF ED VR Lens to be Announced in Several Months
A new Nikon super telephoto prime lens is coming! According to the latest rumors from DPReview, Nikon will announce a new AF-S NIKKOR 600mm F5.6E PF ED VR Lens in next several months.
Image of Yongnuo YN 85mm F1.8 FE Lens Leaked
Yongnuo YN 85mm F1.8 FE lens is coming! This is the first image of this new lens compared by Yong YN 50mm F1.8 FE. From the image, you can see YN 85mm F1.8 FE lens is very compact, only about 400g! Read More »
Specs of Panasonic Leica DG VARIO-SUMMILUX 10-25mm F1.7 Lens Leaked, Priced $1,797.99
Panasonic Leica DG Vario-Summilux 10-25mm f/1.7 ASPH. lens is coming near! It is already listed at FocusCamra. This new lens costs $1,797.99 in US. Read More »
Nikon Nikkor Z 24-70mm F2.8 S Lens Review (ePhotozine)
John Riley has just posted a full review of the newly released Nikon Nikkor Z 24-70mm F2.8 S lens ( Amazon/ B&H/ Adorama) at the ePhotozine.com. He tested this new lens on Nikon Z 7 and found such Pros: Outstanding sharpness, Virtually zero CA, Excellent flare resistance, Dust and moisture resistance, Excellent handling, Quality manufacture, Custom functions and OLED display. Read More »
Images of Panasonic Leica DG VARIO-SUMMILUX 10-25mm F1.7 Lens and 1.4x & 2x Tele Converters Leaked
Here are the first images of the new Panasonic Leica DG Vario-Summilux 10-25mm f/1.7 ASPH. lens and Panasonic 1.4x & 2x L-mount tele converters, leaked at the Nokishita-Camera. This new lens is expected to be announced at the end of May, shipping in August-September 2019 for around $2,300. Read More »
Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 12-200mm F3.5-6.3 Lens Review (IR): Actually Quite Well
Andrew Alexander has just tested the newly released Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 12-200mm F3.5-6.3 lens (Amazon/ B&H/ Adorama) and posted a full review at the imaging-resource. This new lens does quite well in the fild of all-in-one zooms. Read More »
Hot Deal: Sigma 20mm F1.4 DG HSM Art (Nikon) Lens for $694.05!
Super Hot Deal! Today, Amazon has a great deal on The new Sigma 20mm F1.4 DG HSM Art lens for only $694.05 available for Nikon mount. This is the lowest price we have ever seen.
Laowa 100mm F2.8 2x Macro Lens Available for Pre-Order at B&H!
Good News!!! The new Laowa 100mm f/2.8 2x Ultra Macro APO FE lens is now first available for pre-order at B&H. It will start shipping in early June 2019. Read More »
Three Canon RF Lenses to be Announced at CP+ in 2020
As we all known, up to 8 Canon RF lenses are coming in 2020! According to the latest rumors from CR2, Canon will announce three new RF lenses in early 2020. They are Canon RF 24mm F1.4L USM, Canon RF 135mm F1.8L and an undisclosed macro lens, which will be the first kind macro lens for Canon RF mounts. These lenses are scheduled to be announced around CP+ in 2020.


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daviddangt needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 112 designs submitted by 57 freelance designers.
Pho Play
Vietnamese Noodle Soup
Noodle Soups for trendy restaurant goers
Please use the concept below and get creative! Does not have to follow it exactly but I would like the noodles to spell "Pho". Font is some kind of retro, fun type of font.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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What forms of payment do you accept?
We accept the following forms of payment for orders placed on Senecajewelry.com: American Express, Visa, MasterCard, Discover, Apple Pay, Pay Pal and Amazon. Customers will be charged as soon as their order is submitted.
Will my Seneca Jewelry purchase arrive gift wrapped?
Yes. It will be wrapped in our exclusive Seneca Jewelry packaging which includes a protective leather pouch, custom gift box, note card and literature.
Do I have to wear the supplied rubber backs with my linear drop earrings?
We recommend that you wear them.
Do you ship internationally?
At this time, we are only able to allow online orders for American and Canadian addresses. It is not possible to specify any other international destination. Please note the Customer is responsible for all duties and taxes applied to the shipment by Canadian customs. A contact number is needed for all international shipments to Canada.
Visit shipping to learn more about shipping and our shipping policies.
Do other websites or stores sell Seneca Jewelry?
No. Seneca Jewelry is only available for viewing and purchasing on the Seneca Jewelry website. Each piece of Seneca jewelry is custom made to order. Please notify us should you come across any Seneca Jewelry designs on another website or retail outlet using the Seneca Jewelry registered trademark.
What is the return policy?
Seneca takes great pride in each custom made piece of jewelry that leaves our studio. We want you to be completely happy with your order. If for some reason you are not satisfied with your order Seneca will gladly accept items for exchange, refund or merchandise credit within 14 days, accompanied by a sales receipt. After 14 days, all sales are final. If returned between 15 and 30 days, an exchange or merchandise credit will be granted. All refunds will be issued to the original form of payment except cash purchases, which will be refunded by company check. Please allow 7-10 business days for the refund to post to your account. All returns must be unaltered, unworn and in saleable condition. Returned merchandise should include the vendor packaging and tags and be in the same condition as when it was received. Please note used merchandise will not be accepted for refund or exchange unless defective. Some exclusions may apply.
By Mail
On the packing slip enclosed with your order, please note the reason(s) for return and whether you wish to exchange the item(s) or receive a credit/refund (depending on the original form of payment).
Seneca Jewelry is not not responsible for lost return packages.
Please mail returns to the following address using a trackable shipping method:
How secure is this store?
Seneca Jewelry uses Shopify for payment. Visit Terms of Service to learn more about Shopify Payments.
What if I need extra help or advice about my purchase?
We are available to provide you with gift suggestions that will help save you time and eliminate the guesswork that goes into selecting the perfect gift. We understand the importance of looking your best and are happy to help you select the items that best suit your needs. Please contact us by phone: 480-221-4482 (9am - 5pm mountain time) or through the contact us page on our website.
Where is Seneca Jewelry manufactured?
All Seneca jewelry pieces are made in America.
Why do I have to wait 2-3 weeks for my order to arrive?
Seneca Jewelry is a bespoke jewelry design studio headquartered in Arizona. Unlike many other designer jewelry brands that produce their designs in large volume overseas, each piece of Seneca jewelry is made to order and designer/owner Sarah Jane inspects each and every piece that leaves her design studio. When you purchase a piece of Seneca Jewelry you are buying quality - not quantity. These words are from Seneca himself!
Have a quick question? Contact us on our Facebook page.


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The Kopp Travel-Star travel adapter connects devices with protective insulation, protection class II with EC plugs, or profile plugs compliant with DIN-VDE. The required plug connection on the travel adapter can be selected by positioning the arrow mark on the outlet housing. The plug pins which are not required are automatically deactivated. The 5 plugs design is suited for sockets in North and South America, Japan/Australia and New Zealand/Great Britain, Africa, Asia etc./Southern Europe etc./Great Britain, China, Turkey etc.The Travel-Star travel adapter is therefore ideal for travelling in most countries all over the world.
Connection values maximum 16 A / 250 Vac
Child protection
Travel adapters are simple devices that enable a user to plug any electronic device into walls with different sockets determined by a region of the world. On the one end adapter has prongs that fit the wall socket and at the other ends is a socket itself for a user device cable.
People confuse Travel Adapters and Travel Converters but it is important to remember that these are NOT the same thing. Converters are more complicated devices that convert a voltage. Adapters do not do it.
No, this adapter is non-grounded which means it can be used with both two and three prong type sockets but do not secure devices from electrical surges.
|Converter Type
|5 Way Adapter
|Country 1
|Country 2
|Australia, China, Europe, Hong Kong, India, Japan, UK, US
|Type 1 Connector
|Type F - Schuko Plug
|Type 2 Connector
|Current Rating


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Warn young away from communism
Why do so many young people sneer at Britain?
The answer – because they are taught to.
We no longer teach children proper history and no longer give them something of which to be proud. Instead we teach them how bad the British (and the English in particular) have been to almost everyone else.
Is it any wonder that, by the time the privileged few get to university, they are so unaware of their own country's past that they are fair game for left-wing lecturers who wish to indoctrinate them.
It is time we stood up for our country, we have much to be proud of.
We fought to end slavery from the 1830s.
In contrast, America was still enforcing discrimination in the 1950s but is not pilloried for it.
No-one these days seems to put historic acts into context, instead insisting on viewing past events with a modern consciousness.
As for young people thinking that it is time for communism, ask anyone who has lived under that regime about what it is like and their answer is likely to be unprintable.
Please tell our youngsters to look into the history of communism before they vote at the next election
Scott Andrews
via email
Ways round the Irish border
I'm sure those who can't understand the Government's position on Brexit must be tearing their hair out by now.
And if they can understand it, they need to give Theresa May a call now and explain it to her, not forgetting those hard line Brexiteers and explain it to them as well.
We had a referendum in the 70s that people overwhelmingly voted to join the EU.
Granted a lot has changed since then, but more has changed these last two years that leaves the door open to another referendum.
The leave campaign broke the law with its overspending, not to mention the racist scaremongering and the "£350m for the NHS" on the back of a bus – all lies.
The one thing the leave campaign either ignores or fails to understand is the back stop concerning the Irish border.
There are two ways around it.
First, keep the customs union and the single market, as that is what Northern Ireland voted for, even though those Unionist politicians hold Theresa May to ransom.
Or give those Irish people back their country, then there would be no more talk of a soft or hard border.
G Taylor
Address supplied
Punish with jail sentence
Whatever your view of fracking, surely there can only be universal condemnation of the despicable tactics employed by protesters outside the Preston New Road site?
The extreme direct action by these activists – such as locking-on, using tyres and concrete, and lying on top of ladders, attached to the roof of a van blockading the entrance – had only one impact and that was to block a busy main road and inconvenience local commuters on a Monday morning.
Did it stop or even delay the start of the fracking operation? No!
So who were the victims of this mindless action? The Lancashire taxpayers, of course, who will ultimately have to pay. The whole sickening show of defiance was organised by Reclaim The Power, a South East-based pressure group, which regards the disturbance to the local community as nothing more than "collateral damage".
I, for one, hoped that the appalling protests resulted in arrests and that jail sentences will ensue for the small minority who continue to disrupt the lives of the community.
Steve Mellor
Lytham Resident
Bolton concert was dreadful
My mum and I attended the Michael Bolton concert on Friday night at the Opera House. We had looked forward to it for months.
What a dreadful night! I have never experienced such a drunken and ill-mannered audience in my life. Many were up and down constantly to the bar and toilet; they spoke loudly; messaged on phones; blocked the aisles and drowned out Michael and his band. We got the impression that the show ended sooner than we expected - did they decide to give up earlier than intended?
We will never return to the town for another event. We ate at Bella Italia in Victoria Street before the show - Lisa and the team there were great though.
Elaine Hanzak


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Charles R. Tessier, PhD
Assistant Research Professor of Medical & Molecular Genetics
2010-present: Assistant Research Professor, Medical and Molecular Genetics
2010-present: Director IUSM-South Bend Imaging and Flow Cytometry Core Facility
Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend
1234 Notre Dame Avenue 127 Raclin Carmichael Hall
South Bend,, IN 46617
The brain is widely considered to be the most complex organ that evolution has ever produced. However, no organ (or tissue, or cell for that matter) from any species, develops in a vacuum. Developing organs are under constant bombardment from a host of extrinsic factors. We are insanely interested in understanding how environmental factors affect the developing brain. We want to know how it is possible for neurons to integrate and respond to these factors, many of which may be present one moment and disappear the next. We also want to know how the brain is able to regulate synaptic connectivity under such dynamic circumstances.
Visit the Tessier Lab website for more information.


text: About Us Welcome For Parents Our Mission What We Believe Leadership Associations Missions Sermons Resources Who Is Jesus? Events Community Bulletins Newsletters Recommended Books Ministries SBC Kids AWANA Clubs Good News Club Youth Ministry Biblical Counseling Adult Bible Fellowship Women's Ministry Men's Ministry Contact Who Is Jesus? To view a brief video explaining how Jesus fits into the whole story of the Bible, click HERE.Is Jesus really God? Find out HERE.


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