text:
I can add a title when using ABC notation, but I can't add it when using LilyPond. How can I add a title when using LilyPond?
ABC notation:
Please create a Phabricator task for your topic; this page is not regularily watched for new topics.
I can add a title when using ABC notation, but I can't add it when using LilyPond. How can I add a title when using LilyPond?
ABC notation:
See the example at :en:Help:Score#Adding_lyrics
The error is:
'c:\LilyPond\usr\bin\lilypond.exe" "--version' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program, or batch file.
There is a layout issue in this extension, causing the scale to by under the text. See https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T216305 for examples
download lilypond executable .exe but when adding the path of that file in localsentigs.php when loading the site everything was fine but when I inserted it <score lang = "ABC">
C, D, E, F, | G, A, B, C | D E F G | A B c d |
e f g a | b c 'd' e '| f' g 'a' b '|]
</ score>
and save the changes shows me this error
LilyPond failed to run: /$IP/images/lilypond/lilypond-2.19.82-1.mingw.exe is not an executable file. Make sure $ wgScoreLilyPond is set correctly.
You probably have
$wgScoreLilyPond = '$IP/images/lilypond/lilypond-2.19.82-1.mingw.exe';
when you should have
$wgScoreLilyPond = "$IP/images/lilypond/lilypond-2.19.82-1.mingw.exe";
(Note the quotes.)
I would not put the binary in my images directory, either.
It still does not work, I put it with "and the executable file I put it in a lilypond folder inside the extension score but it still does not work.
What is the error message now?
the same as above
If it is still failing with LilyPond failed to run: /$IP/images/lilypond/lilypond-2.19.82-1.mingw.exe is not an executable file, then could you copy the line here that you are using for $wgScoreLilyPond?
$wgScoreLilyPond = $IP/extensions/Score/lilypond/lilypond-2.18.82-1.mingw.exe
You need to use quotes:
$wgScoreLilyPond = "$IP/extensions/Score/lilypond/lilypond-2.18.82-1.mingw.exe"
I tried it like that but I still got that error:
LilyPond could not be executed: /home/surtico/public_html/laramaazul/wiki/extensions/Score/lilypond/lilypond-2.18.82-1.mingw.exe is not an executable file. Make sure that $ wgScoreLilyPond is aesthetically defined correctly.
You are using the Windows version on a Linux host. You will need the Linux version.
Hi, when I test the example <score>\relative c' { f d f a d f e d cis a cis e a g f e }</score> , got this error:
Unable to compile LilyPond input file: Processing `.../file.ly' Parsing... Interpreting music... Preprocessing graphical objects... Interpreting music... MIDI output to `file.midi'... Finding the ideal number of pages... Fitting music on 1 page... Drawing systems... Layout output to `file.ps'... Converting to PNG...Fontmap entry for Fontmap.local ends prematurely! Giving up. fatal error: GS exited with status: 256 exited with status: 1
I can't solve it. Could you give me some help?
My wiki need to use this great extension.
Hi JoesSR,
I am also facing same issue. Have you relosved this issue?
Aqui parese-me tudo correto, porém tenho o erro:
<score vorbis="1" lang="lilypond">\relative c' { c d e f g a b} </score>
Resultado aqui:
Unable to compile LilyPond input file: warning: cannot find file: `.../file.ly' error: failed files: ".../file.ly" exited with status: 1
No média wiki:
Algém sabe qual é o problema?
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Had the same issue. I think it's due to a bug with Lilypond 2.18 (the one still advertised at lilypond.org) but that has been fixed on a more recent version. In the end the commands I used to install the latest Lilypond were:
curl -o lilypond.sh http://download.linuxaudio.org/lilypond/binaries/linux-64/lilypond-2.19.52-1.linux-64.sh sh lilypond.sh
I have a very similar problem, I am using Ubuntu 18.10 and Lilypond 2.19.82
».../file.ly« wird verarbeitet Analysieren... Interpretation der Musik... Vorverarbeitung der grafischen Elemente...Fontconfig warning: ignoring C.UTF-8: not a valid language tag Interpretation der Musik... MIDI-Ausgabe nach »file.midi«... Ideale Seitenanzahl wird gefunden... Musik wird auf eine Seite angepasst... Systeme erstellen... Layout nach »/tmp/lilypond-oexcsw« ausgeben... Konvertierung nach PNG... Warnung: »(gs -q -dSAFER -dDEVICEWIDTHPOINTS=595.28 -dDEVICEHEIGHTPOINTS=841.89 -dGraphicsAlphaBits=4 -dTextAlphaBits=4 -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=png16m -dAutoRotatePages=/None -sOutputFile=file.png -r101 -f/tmp/lilypond-oexcsw)« gescheitert (256) schwerer Fehler: gescheiterte Dateien: ".../file.ly" exited with status: 1
Has anyone an idea? Thanks for help
I can add a title when using ABC notation, but I cat add it when using LilyPond, How can I solve this problem when using LilyPond?
ABC notation:
/usr/bin/abc2ly from LilyPond 2.18.2
Parsing `.../file.abc'...
Line ... .../file.abc: 6: Huh? Don't understand
ABC notation:
At this moment,
<score>...</score> is completely broken – it doesn't render anything, instead it displays the source code.
The Vorbis player output is noisy, producing what sounds like static crackle and stuttering at the beginning of playback. I tried all the examples shown on this Talk page, and every one of them behaves the same way. Curiously, if I pause the playback and then resume it, the sound comes out cleanly, without the static or stutter. Is this a problem with the Vorbis player implementation, or is there a problem in the LilyPond notation conversion to .ogg format? I'm accessing the player with a Linux machine, if that means anything.
I have the same problem on Windows XP.
and on mac os x 10.10.5 also. Any news?
I downloaded the ogg file and opened it in Audacity sound editor. The problem is in the ogg file, not in the player. The crackle is only in the right channel.
I think you're noticing what I reported this in phab:T50029 "crackling at start of OGG renditions of MIDI files." The bug in the third-party TiMidity software that generates the audio file. It was fixed years ago in a newer version, TiMidity++ 2.14.0, but the Linux distribution that the Wikimedia Foundation uses doesn't ship the fixed version :-( . Instead the extension switched to using Fluidsynth to generate the audio file (phab:T181897).
What's interesting is the crackling noise is still present in the sample on Extension:Score and on some of my old user pages, but not if I copy that score tag to a new page and preview there. It seems Mediawiki aggressively caches the generated audiofile for years!? I wonder if there's a way to invalidate all the generated
.ogg audio files in some cache.
Hello! See:
<score lang="ABC">K:D#m D E F G A B c d | d c B A G F E D|</score>
convert to ("es" instead of "is"):
\key dis \minor des'8 ees'8 f'8 ges'8 aes'8 bes'8 ces''8 des''8 \bar "|" des''8 ces''8 bes'8 aes'8 ges'8 f'8 ees'8 des'8 \bar "|"
Other keys are OK. Please, fix this. Thank you!


text:
One Minute Brief WINNERS:
Create tribute posters for Rik Mayall
Today was a good chance for us all to pay tribute to Rik Mayall, a comedy legend and someone who always did things differently to others which we admire.
There were some fantastic ideas and we feel that the following ones deserved the win.
@lil_hursty8 with '1st class Mayall' Lovely idea. They should make this into a commemorative stamp. Get in touch with Royal Mail and make it happen!
@dognbonesjones with 'Royal Mayall' A similar thought about the king of comedy. Nice line.
@mr_glossy with 'May all' A nice campaignable concept'
Thanks to everyone for creating such a great tribute to such an icon.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Read the full story at E-Scrap News.
Federal regulators are considering a proposal to ban exports of unprocessed e-scrap and require stringent tracking procedures for exports that are still allowed.
The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), a division of the U.S. Department of Commerce, on Oct. 23 released a regulatory proposal that would alter requirements for e-scrap exports.
Under the rule, untested end-of-life electronic devices would be prohibited from export out of the U.S. The agency's reasoning is to limit counterfeit goods coming back into the U.S., and it references research that shows exported devices can contribute to counterfeiting.
The rule includes a number of exemptions. Devices that have been tested and are working, such as those that have been refurbished and are destined for reuse, could be shipped overseas. Materials recovered from e-scrap through processing, such as commodities destined for smelters, would also be allowed for export.
But for the exempt materials, BIS would require more stringent recordkeeping and tracking.


text:
DMX was one of the most successful and influential rappers but unfortunately, more than a few bad decisions have left him living in past glory as his life story is now the ultimate tale of rags to riches and then back to rags. DMX and Desiree Lindstrom DMX must be a pro in the delivery room. The rapper became a father for the 15th time when he and his longtime girlfriend. Aaliyah in the music video for " Rock the Boat ".
Our current areas of focus are infrastructure for large-scale cloud database systems, reducing the total cost of ownership of information management, enabling flexible ways to query, browse and organize rich data sets containing both structured and unstructured data, and the management of database schemas and mappings. Earl Simmons (born December 18, ), known professionally as DMX, is an American rapper . In , DMX announced he had begun working on his eighth studio album. He has been seen His fifteenth child, Exodus Simmons, was born to his girlfriend, Desiree Lindstrom, on August 16, DMX in DMX had. At right, former neighborhood watch volunteer George Zimmerman is shown after he was arrested Nov.
Lipstick Alley. Tashera Simmons Date of Birth is Dec 18, Tashera Simmons Nickname is DMX - The Great Depression, Earl Simmons. Who is dmx dating Register to update information, save favorites, post photos, news stories and comments.
He was raised in Yonkers, NY. DMX became famous as a rap artist in the 90s. That album sold more than five million copies. During his career, DMX has sold over 70 million albums worldwide to date.
DMX was previously married to Tashera Simmons - Aug 26, DMX, who co-starred in the movie 'Romeo Must Die' and Industry executive Dame Dash who was dating Aaliyah at the time of her death also. He began rapping in the early s, and released his debut album, It's Dark and Hell Is Hot in to both critical acclaim and commercial success, sellingcopies within its first week of release.
He began rapping in the early s, and released his debut album, It's Dark and Hell Is Hot in to both critical acclaim and commercial success, sellingcopies within its first week of release. Aug 10, Date: The best weddings all involve some sort of turn-up. DMX knows this. That's why earlier this year he hopped onto a groom's party. While Yadira nor X have confirmed the news, she did post this cryptic Instagram message.
Only DMX could out-DMX DMX. Siber, Edwin Ortiz. Aug 10, DMX firing shots at Ja Rule during his Tim Westwood interview. Image via XXL. Date:
Jan 25, Check out DMX's first photo since being released from prison. to release prisoners early if their initial release date falls on a weekend or legal holiday. . Mixtapes: Young Thugga Mane La Flare (), Brick Factory Vol.


text: Black Tar 10 Posted January 18, 2013 Without a doubt Tyvek and Densglass are nationwide untouchable kings of graffiti. I don't think most of you can appreciate the square feet and the amount of people who see these two every single day all day. BOOM In every city. This might go over some people's heads but this is real graffiti, realer than your favorite writer. Tyvek and Densglass are actually symbolic of not just extreme dominance of visual space and crushing square footage numbers and eyes-on time (the most of any symbols in human history and that's not a joke). Have you ever thought about graffiti as more than just words, but also objects? "Tyvek" is a symbol for a crew that makes everything you never think about but see every single day. This crew is richer than you could possibly imagine. Amongst some of the things they make which you see and use every day: plastic dashboard in your car, the spacey-patterned bus seat covers, your carpet and everyone else's carpet, the foam in the booths at restaurants, the fibers in your mattress and the bullet-proof glass between you and the teller at the bank. This being a small fraction of the things this crew fills the earth with. Packing peanuts also. This may not be how you are used to thinking about graffiti but this is inevitably where those ideas and urges to write your name over and over again go. Because, to reiterate, these people do in fact have the most surface covered with their word in addition to making up the objects that in turn full up your daily life. So it's not an either-or, true kings will inevitably do both and Tyvek and Densglass are true kings. Look around the room, and something - and it won't be labelled - comes from these people behind "Tyvek". Like your Bic lighter. In your city, "Tyvek Tyvek Tyvek Tyvek Tyvek Tyvek". These people are very influential and stylish, they are in fact doing the most. Post your Tyvek and Densglass pictures! 1 Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text:
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text:
The Queen v Leo [2013] NTSC 70
PARTIES: The Queen
LEO, Priscilla
STATUTORY INTERPRETATION – Sentencing – Effect of amendments to Division 6A of Sentencing Act – First amendment does not clarify position as to previous convictions triggering aggravated minimum sentence – Second amending Act operates to clarify intention of the legislature – previous convictions are to be taken into account whenever committed – Sentencing Act ss 78DA, 78EA.
Trenerry v Bradley (1997) 115 NTR 1; Fisher v Hebburn Ltd (1960) 105 CLR 188; Nafi v The Queen (2012) 32 NTLR 124, cited
McMillan v Pryce (1997)(115) NTR 19, applied
Maxwell v Murphy (1957) 96 CLR 261; McMillan v Pryce (1997) (115) NTR
19; Coco v R (1994) 179 CLR 427, referred
Crown: M Nathan
Accused: R Roy
Crown: Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions
Accused: North Australian Aboriginal Justice Agency
Judgment category classification: B
Judgment ID Number: BLO 1317
Number of pages: 16
The Queen v Leo [2013] NTSC 70
(Delivered 31 October 2013)
[1] On 4 September 2013 Priscilla Leo pleaded guilty to one count of unlawfully cause serious harm. Ms Leo has one previous conviction for aggravated assault recorded on 20 April 2001, (committed on 14 June 1998), and one previous conviction for assault recorded on 16 March 1995. Ms Leo committed the offence of unlawfully cause serious harm on 14 May 2013, that is, after the commencement on 1 May 2013 of the Sentencing Amendment (Mandatory Minimum Sentences) Act 2013 ("the first amending Act").
[2] Pursuant to s 78CA of the first amending Act, the offence of unlawfully cause serious harm is designated a "level five offence". It is common ground that Ms Leo has committed a level five offence for the purposes of Division 6A of the first amending Act. The issue is whether Ms Leo is subject to the three month mandatory minimum period established by s 78D (Level 5-first offence) or the 12 month mandatory minimum term established by s 78DA (Level 5-second or subsequent offence).
The Application of the First Amending Act
[3] On Ms Leo's behalf it is argued that at the time of the impugned conduct, s 78EA of Division 6A operated in such a way as to preclude previous convictions from enlivening s 78DA, if those convictions were imposed prior to the commencement of the first amending Act. Section 78DA specifies an aggravated minimum term of 12 months, (compared with the three month minimum term set by s 78D). On this argument, the s 78DA penalty is activated only with respect to specified previous convictions imposed after 1 May 2013, (the date of the commencement of the first amending Act).
[4] At the time of the commission of the subject offence, s 78EA provided as follows:
78EA Division does not apply to offence committed before commencement
This Division does not apply in relation to an offence committed before the commencement of section 6 of the Sentencing Amendment (Mandatory Minimum Sentences) Act 2013.
[5] "This Division" in s 78EA refers to Division 6A, (the first amending Act). The first amending Act introduced new mandatory minimum terms of imprisonment for certain offences, prescribed particular offence classification levels and provided that previous convictions for a "violent offence" would increase the minimum term of imprisonment to be served. The term "violent offence" has a particular meaning in the first amending Act. Relevantly here, if s 78DA applies, the minimum term would be twelve months imprisonment.
[6] Counsel for the Crown does not agree with the approach apparently taken by the Court of Summary Jurisdiction,[1] nor with the construction urged in this Court on behalf of Ms Leo. As discussed later, although I do not agree with this particular argument advanced on behalf of Ms Leo, I have come to the same conclusion in relation to previous convictions and the first amending Act, albeit through different reasoning.
[7] On a plain reading, in the context of Division 6A, "an offence" in s 78EA should be read as being a reference to the subject offence; in Ms Leo's case, the offence of cause serious harm, committed on 14 May 2013. Section 78EA does not refer to a "previous conviction" or a "conviction" for a "violent offence". Even applying the strict rules of construction of statutes of this kind, on a plain reading of Division 6A, the initial interpretation advanced on behalf of Ms Leo in my opinion cannot stand.
[8] Clearly the first amending Act increased the minimum penalty for the subject offence. The application of Division 6A was restricted to "offences" committed after 1 May 2013 by virtue of s 78EA; but it would be an impermissible extension of the same argument to include "previous violent offence" within the definition of "offence committed" as it appears in s 78EA. Such a construction is strained when viewed in the context of Division 6A as a whole.
[9] Division 6A refers to "offence" repeatedly and consistently throughout the Division in reference to the subject offence as opposed to previous convictions; References to previous violent offences are expressed as such; in particular, the expression used throughout Division 6A: "previously been convicted of a violent offence". To extend a different meaning to the term "an offence" solely for the purpose of including a previous violent offence within the exclusionary terms of s 78EA is not, in my opinion, open.
[10] Counsel for Ms Leo pointed out that the term "an offence" in s 78EA uses the indefinite article, rather than the definite article, tending to lend weight to the interpretation advanced in Ms Leo's case. I do not agree. Use of the indefinite article in s 78EA signifies that a range of offences may be the subject of Division 6A. It would be unusual for the definite article to be used in legislation of this type that deals with sentencing over a range of offences.
[11] In as much as this submission maintains that the original s 78EA phrase "an offence committed" was capable of being read as including a previous conviction for a violent offence, I am unable to agree. Although I agree with the submission on behalf of the Crown on that particular point, the Crown position does not answer satisfactorily the question of whether the term "previously convicted of a violent offence", (as appears in s 78DA and elsewhere), includes convictions imposed prior to the commencement of the first amending Act.
[12] The problem of the potentially retrospective operation of parts of Division 6A bears an uncanny resemblance to the issues identified in McMillan v Pryce[2] which dealt with a previous mandatory sentencing regime, (now repealed) for property offences. Since hearing the original argument on the construction of s 78EA, I requested further submissions from counsel to address the particular issue arising from McMillan v Pryce and I am grateful to both counsel for their efforts to address this point.
[13] Employing similar reasoning as that utilized by the majority in McMillan v Pryce,[3] I have come to the conclusion that the first amending Act, does not by unmistakable and unambiguous language make it plain that convictions for offences imposed before its commencement are "previous convictions of a violent offence" as specified in s 78DA for the purpose of aggravating the relevant minimum penalty.
[14] Although the legislature may legislate with retrospective effect, the presumption is that statutes apply prospectively, in the sense of not attaching new legal consequences to facts or events which occurred before its commencement,[4] unless the contrary is clearly and unambiguously expressed. A statute ought not, unless the intention appears with reasonable certainty, be understood as applying to facts or events that have already occurred in a way that affects rights and liabilities which the law had defined by reference to past events.[5]
[15] The Court of Appeal (NT) decisions of both Trenerry v Bradley[6] and McMillan v Pryce[7] apply the strict approach as expressed by the High Court in Maxwell v Murphy[8] and Coco v R[9] to the effect that courts should not impute to the legislature an intention to interfere with fundamental rights; such an intention must be clearly manifested by unmistakeable and unambiguous language; General words will rarely be sufficient for that purpose if they do not specially deal with the question.[10]
[16] As would be expected, applying the ordinary principles, Division s 6A operates prospectively; however, there remains an element of potential retrospectivity in its application to previous convictions.[11]
[17] The element of potential retrospective operation arises given the wording of s 78DA; the definition of "violent offence" and the schedule 2, "violent offences".
Section 78DA (provided at the material time):
(1) This section applies if:
(a) A court finds an offender guilty of a level 5 offence; and
(b) The offender has previously been convicted of a violent offence
(2) The court must impose a minimum sentence of 12 months actual imprisonment.
Section 78C provides:
Violent Offence means
(a) an offence against a provision of the Criminal Code listed in Schedule 2; or
(b) an offence substantially corresponding to an offence mentioned in paragraph (a) against:
(i) a law that has been repealed; or
(ii) a law of another jurisdiction (including a jurisdiction outside Australia).
Schedule 2 Violent Offences includes:
s 188 Common Assault
[full Schedule 2 not reproduced here]
[18] Prior to the commencement of the first amending Act, no offences were designated "violent offences" by Schedule 2 of Division 6A; nor of course could they have been; The previous "Schedule 2-Violent Offences" covering the same offences, (minus some additional offences now included), provided for a different sentencing outcome. Consequently, at the time Ms Leo committed the subject offence, notwithstanding s 78D applied to her such that she was liable to a three month minimum term, she had not "previously been convicted of a violent offence" as that particular offence designation, (carrying with it the particular legal consequence of conviction), was not in force at that time. Although the Crown points out that the offences "aggravated assault" and "assault" were contained in the Schedule 2 of the Sentencing Act as relevant to a previous mandatory sentencing regime, the previous Schedule 2 was expressly 'repealed' by s 8 by Division 6A. It did not have the same legal consequences as the 'new' "Schedule 2" that were enacted by the first amending Act.
[19] The particular prior convictions continue to have consequences as a matter of general sentencing law including ss 5(2)(e), (n) and 6 of the Sentencing Act, but not the consequence of an aggravated minimum penalty; the only consequence in terms of a mandatory sentence was the imposition of an actual (non specified) term of imprisonment.[12]
[20] For similar reasons, s 78C(b) does not apply as in relation to s 78C(b)(i), the particular offences in the Criminal Code have not been repealed. Section 78C(b) refers to the offence provision of the Criminal Code, not whether the offence is listed in the Sentencing Act schedule. With respect to s 78C(b)(ii), the particular offences are not a law of another jurisdiction.
[21] The conclusion here would have been different had the first amending Act contained the additional phrase "whenever committed", or a similar phrase, that has now been included in the second amending Act, (discussed below).
[22] The Court was referred to the Honourable Attorney General's Second Reading speech in respect of the second amending Act. This will be discussed later in these reasons. It is apparent an interpretation of this kind was anticipated or assumed. This indication appears in the following extract from the Second Reading speech:
Nonetheless, it is recognised that the current worded sections may be read down in favour of limiting the scope of the convictions. Precedent for this approach can be found in the authority of McMillan v Pryce [1997] Northern Territory Supreme Court Law Reports, in which the majority of the Criminal Court of Appeal of the Northern Territory read down the meaning of the prior conviction in respect to the mandatory sentencing for property offences so it could only include a prior conviction for the offence after the commencement date.
[23] In terms of the use of presumptions, the authors of the third edition of Cross on Statutory Interpretation indicate:
"Statutes ... are not enacted in a vacuum. A great deal inevitably remains unsaid. Legislators and drafters assume that the courts will continue to act in accordance with well-recognised rules ... Longstanding principles of constitutional and administrative law are likewise taken for granted, or assumed by the courts to have been taken for granted, by Parliament. One function of the word "presumption" in the context of statutory interpretation is to state the result of this legislative reliance (real or assumed) on firmly established legal principles ... These presumptions apply although there is no question of linguistic ambiguity in the statutory wording under construction and they may be described as "presumptions of general application". At the level of interpretation, their function is the promotion of brevity on the part of the drafter. Statutes make dreary enough reading as it is and it would be ridiculous to insist in each instance upon an enumeration of the general principles taken for granted.
The presumptions of general application not only supplement the text, they also operate at a higher level as expressions of fundamental principles governing both civil liberties and the relations between Parliament, the executive and the courts. They operate here as constitutional principles which are not easily displaced by a statutory text.[13]
I conclude that at the time of committing the offence, by virtue of the first amending Act, prior to the passing of the second amending Act Ms Leo was then liable to serve a three month minimum term rather than a 12 month minimum term.
The Second Amending Act
[24] The legislative response to the interpretation discussed, (resulting in the exclusion of previous convictions that predate 1 May 2013), was the enactment of the Sentencing Amendment Act 2013 that commenced on 12 July 2013, "the second amending Act".
[25] The second amending Act added the words "whenever committed" to all of the provisions that include the words "second or subsequent offence". Relevantly, s 78DA(1)(b) was amended, to read (amendments in italics):
"the offender has previously been convicted of a violent offence whenever committed"
[26] Further, s 78EA was amended to add "to the sentencing of an offender", to distinguish "an offence" from previous convictions to meet the arguments previously referred to.
[27] In my opinion, through the second amending Act the legislature has made its intention clear. Previous convictions for "violent offences" are to be taken into account whether they were committed before or after the commencement of the Division for the purposes of the aggravated minimum penalty. I agree with the submission on behalf of the Crown that those words are incapable of any other meaning. There is still a question of how the second amending Act applies given it did not commence until 12 July 2013.
[28] The Crown submits the second amending Act merely clarified previous apparent confusion. It is submitted the principle in s 121(1) of the Sentencing Act does not apply as the second amending Act is no more than a transitional provision intended to clarify the meaning of an existing piece of legislation. Further, the Crown contends the second amending Act does not introduce an increased penalty but simply seeks to define the meaning of "previous violent offence" by the introduction of the phrase "whenever committed".
[29] As I have been referred to the Honourable Attorney General's Second Reading speech in respect of the second amending Act, I will set out further relevant extracts:
"Clauses 3 to 7 of the bill, therefore, make amendments to individual sections where the phrase, 'previously convicted of a violent offence', appears in Division 6A to include the words, 'whenever committed', to make clear that the court must consider all prior convictions for violent offences, no matter when they occurred – before or after the commencement of the division".
"Clause 8 also makes clear that section 78EA only applies to sentencing of an offender for an offence committed prior to the commencement of that section, and is not intended to affect the word 'offence' whenever it appears in Division 6A".
[30] Notwithstanding the Crown characterises the second amending Act as transitional, if the conclusion above in relation to the first amending Act is correct, the second amending Act has significant substantive effect. On behalf of Ms Leo it is argued there is nothing in the second amending Act by way of transitional provisions; nor anything to indicate that the second amending Act itself has retrospective effect. In my opinion to accept this argument would fail to give effect to the clear intention of the legislature utilizing the phrase "whenever committed". After quite some consideration I have concluded "whenever committed" is meant to refer to previous convictions, no matter when they were imposed; that phrase clearly permits retrospective operation in relation to previous convictions; notwithstanding that for some offenders, such as Ms Leo, the rules have changed during the course of her being dealt with for the subject offence.
[31] Section 121(1) of the Sentencing Act provides that where an Act, including the Sentencing Act, increases the maximum or the minimum penalty for an offence, the increase applies "only to an offence committed after the commencement of the provision effecting the increase". On behalf of Ms Leo it is argued that if the effect of the first amending Act as concluded above is correct, it is the second amending Act that has increased the minimum penalty and therefore the aggravated penalty can only apply to offences committed after 12 July 2013. The contrary argument is, however, in this instance to be preferred; the second amending Act did not increase the penalty, but sought to define the meaning of "previous violent offence" by the introduction of the phrase "whenever committed". The intention of the second amending Act was to 'correct' a previous interpretation.
[32] Section 14(2) of the Criminal Code preserves the lesser penalty in the light of changes to the law that may have the effect of increasing the punishment even if the increase is not expressly stated. Section 14(2) provides:
If the law in force when the conduct impugned occurred differs from that in force at the time of the finding of guilt, the offender cannot be punished to any greater extent than was authorised by the former law or to any greater extent than is authorised by the latter law.
[33] In this case, the law in force when the impugned conduct occurred, does differ from that in force at the time of the finding of guilt. The second amending Act does not expressly repeal or amend s 14(2) of the Criminal Code. As far as I am aware there were no consequential amendments to the Criminal Code, however, once again I have concluded the words "whenever committed" expressly provide for a degree of retrospectivity and to that extent, being a later amendment on a particular subject, s 14(2) must give way to the later amendment.
[34] In my view the second amending Act is similar in nature to validating Acts, which given their subject matter must be allowed to operate retrospectively in order to give effect to the intent of the legislature.
[35] In my opinion persons who commit violent offences as specified under Division 6A both before and after the commencement of the second amending Act (12 July 2013) will be liable to have previous violent offences, whenever committed, taken into account for the purpose of the aggravated minimum penalty. I acknowledge there may be a sense of unfairness felt given the increase in minimum penalty, however, I am persuaded the legislature intended the previous convictions be taken into account retrospectively. "Whenever committed" cannot mean anything else.
[36] For these reasons, Ms Leo in my view is liable to the 12 month mandatory minimum. I will proceed to hear sentencing submissions on that basis.
Chronology of Relevant Events
Date Event
16 March 1995 Conviction for assault, recorded against Ms Leo, Court of Summary Jurisdiction.
20 April 2001 Conviction for aggravated assault recorded against Ms Leo, Court of Summary Jurisdiction.
1 May 2013 Sentencing Amendment (Mandatory Minimum Sentences) Act 2013, "the first amending Act" commenced. [Contested views in relation to taking into account previous convictions for violent offences imposed prior to 1 May 2013 become apparent].
14 May 2013 The subject offence, (cause serious harm), committed by Ms Leo.
12 July 2013 Sentencing Amendment Act; (Act No. 21 of 2013), "the second amending Act," commences. Adds that previous convictions for violent offences "whenever committed" aggravate certain penalties.
7 August 2013 Indictment filed charging cause of serious harm.
4 September 2013 Plea of guilty entered in the Supreme Court and finding of guilt made.
27 September 2013;
15 October 2013 Legal Argument on the application of the first and second amending Acts to Ms Leo.
[1] This Court was informed that with respect, a number of Magistrates had taken this approach.
[3] Mildren J with whom Martin (BF) CJ agreed; Angel J dissented.
[4] Fisher v Hebburn Ltd (1960) 105 CLR 188 at 194.
[5] Maxwell v Murphy (1957) 96 CLR 261 at 267; Nafi v The Queen (2012) 32 NTLR 124, holding that amendments to the Migration Act (Cth) for a "repeat offence" had clearly been shown to operate with a degree of retrospectively relevant to the timing of prior 'proceedings'.
[10] See Trenerry v Bradley (cited above in note 3 at 15); McMillan v Pryce, adopting the reasoning of Trenerry v Bradley; these two judgments were delivered at the same time.
[11] The general prospective operation of Division 6A is made clear by s 78EA in that it only applies to offences committed post amendment; indeed even without s 78EA, s 121(1) of the Sentencing Act applies so that only offences committed after the commencement of the first amending Act would be subject to Division 6A penalties in any event. Common law principles in the line of authority of Maxwell v Murphy (cited above) would have ensured the same result.
[12] Previous s 78BA(1)(b) Sentencing Act.
[13] J Bell & G Engle, Cross on Statutory Interpretation (3rd ed) 1995, 165-166; as reproduced in Spigelman CJAC, 'The Principles of Legality and Clear Statement', in "Statutory Interpretation", (Judicial Commission of New South Wales) Monograph 4


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What's the ideal climbing weight?
For many people, when getting seriously into climbing, the question of weight to power ratio crops up and some conclude that weight loss will lead to increase in performance. It can especially be a concern around this time of year, when the mince pies and...Read More


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Busy Ophthalmology practice in South Bay, Los Gatos/Gilroy California is seeking to add a Comprehensive Ophthalmologist. Fellowship training in Glaucoma is a plus, but not mandatory. California license is required. Excellent salary and benefits including continuing education allowance, liability insurance, licensure costs, and production bonus.
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"You said you'd be more commercial this year, Ronald."
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The legendary Mercer's Meat Stout returns after 75 years - There is not a lot will make me drop everything and rush 200 miles north to Blackburn, but a message saying that the recipe for the legendary Mercer's Meat...
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The real cause of nighttime shadows is revealed, as children shine the flashlight provided on the die-cut pages. As the story unfolds, children discover that shadows are created by everyday objects - a vase of flowers can become a scary monster's face - and bedtime fears are put to rest. 8 in. x 8 in., 26-page book & flashlight. Shrinkwrapped. Age 3+


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The dream in artistic concept in Anton Chekhov's worksThe author of this article attempts to answer the question of the functional role of dreams in the prose of thewriter of The Steppe. The analysis of asequence of writings allows one to conclude that the oneiric issues play acrucial role in the writer's works; although dreams, delirium and hallucinations, a part from the story The Black Monk perhaps, are treated by him in accordance with physician practices, which stems from the writer's professional preparation as well as scientific understanding of this psycho-physical states of man.
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Slavica Wratislaviensia
155, 2012
Pages from 143 to 153
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The Alan Vega Archive at Boo-hooray Gallery
Where Boo-Hooray 277 Grand Street, 3rd Floor New York, NY 10002
Jul 01, 2019
Jul 06, 2019
Add to Calendar
Reservations (212) 641-0692 Visit
Throughout his life, Vega was a visual artist, although not widely recognized as one professionally until much later in life. Working across mediums producing sculpture, painting, collage, and drawing; music and performance came to Vega as an extension of his creative process. He attended Brooklyn College in the late 1950s, studying fine art and psychics. Suicide was germinated at the Project of Living Artists in Soho, which Vega co-founded, and where he lived and worked in the 1960s; meeting Martin Rev there. Suicide's first shows took place there, as well as other art galleries, such as OK Harris, along with punk venues such as Mercer Arts Center and CBGB's. Vega always maintained his work as a visual artist throughout his life and presented here in his archive are a trove of drawings, collages, and works never exhibited before. In 1983, the Gladstone Gallery was inaugurated with a collection of his light sculptures. In 2002, he exhibited Collision Drive at Deitch Projects, the first major retrospective of his drawing and sculpture works from the 1970s. In 2009, The Museum of Contemporary Art in Lyon, France held a major retrospective of Vega's drawings and sculptures entitled Infinite Mercy. Represented by Invisible Exports, a major exhibition of new Vega works entitled Keep It Alive was exhibited at their Lower East Side gallery in 2017, followed by a memorial retrospective exhibition of his works entitled Dream Baby Dream at Deitch Projects. In 2018, Galerie Laurent Godin held an exhibition of his final paintings, as well as drawings and light sculptures, entitled Universe.
The Alan Vega Archive, collected by his widow and long-time collaborator Liz Lamere, consists of audio and video, tour documentation, flyers, and ephemera, as well as photographs and press pertaining to his music career. Also collected are his personal notebooks and sketchbooks in which he wrote lyrics, poetry, and notes. His sketchbooks contain original drawings and designs. In addition to his sketchbooks, small collages and hundreds of pen and ink drawings on paper spanning the 1970s up until his death in 2016 chart his growth and evolution as an artist in conjunction with his musical output.
The Alan Vega Archive will be the second exhibition at Boo-Hooray's Chinatown gallery space, located at 277 Grand St, 3rd Floor. Please join us for an opening reception on Thursday June 20th , 2019, from 6-8 pm. This exbibition is open 7 days a week, 12 – 6 pm. The exhibition will close Tuesday, July 9, 2019.
BOO-HOORAY exhibits both at home in New York City as well as internationally. We also stage collaborative exhibitions with the Hayward Gallery and Rough Trade in London, Tsutaya Daikanyama, Hysteric Glamour, and United Arrows in Tokyo, Galleri Operatingplace in Stockholm, Colette in Paris, PopMontreal in Montreal, Mishka Los Angeles, Printed Matter at both MOCA/LA and PS1/NYC, and Gavin Brown's Enterprise, the New York Public Library, the Grolier Club, and Milk Gallery in New York.
Boo-Hooray exhibitions have included shows featuring Larry Clark, The Velvet Underground, Ray Johnson, Afrika Bambaataa, Jonas Mekas, Ed Sanders, Linder Sterling and Jon Savage, Spencer Sweeney, Houston Rap, private press vinyl, Wallace Berman, anarcho-punk group Crass, Jason Polan, Jack Smith, cult-filmmaker Ed Wood, and Situationist Times editor Jacqueline de Jong.
The exhibitions are drawn from cultural archives that Boo-Hooray excavates, organizes, and places in institutions such as Columbia University's Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Cornell University's Division of Rare Manuscript Collections, Yale University's Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, and the University of Oxford's Bodleian Library.


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Merriwa ready for its 29th annual signature event Festival of the Fleeces - and ever-popular Running of the Sheep
PREPARATIONS are done and dusted for the 2019 Festival of the Fleeces at Merriwa.
A mammoth crowd is expected to witness the one-of-a-kind celebration, which is in its 29th year, in the Upper Hunter town from June 7 to 9.
All round entertainment will be provided, with a jumping castle and games for kids, vintage vehicle displays, CWA (Country Women's Association) morning tea and lunch, a dog high jump competition and many other fun activities for the family to enjoy.
However, the real significance of the festival is its agricultural theme, as the town shows off its incredible, hard-working character.
Committee president and Upper Hunter Shire councillor Ron Campbell said that was the real drawcard, with the yearly "Running of the Sheep", which are all fitted in red socks, being the main highlight.
"It's something we're very proud of, that we can showcase things that happen here in the country and take it to the city people," he said.
"And, we're very pleased that the city people are very happy to come and join us on that day, and see what's happening with the great events that are really for agriculture and promoting agriculture in the district."
It's certainly not the time to get stage fright, as tourism and events coordinator Peta Luke revealed how many visitors attend the event per year.
"It's hugely busy, it's a great opportunity for the town to showcase what they've got in the area, all of our accommodation throughout all of the industries are completely booked out," she said.
"We bring about 5000 to 6000 people into town, which is a great opportunity for them to see the town because some of them will stay here for up to a week."
For a community of approximately just 2000 people, it's a truly special effort to present an attraction with as big of a scale as Festival of the Fleeces.
Groups from all across Merriwa get involved and will this year help contribute to the Woolstock theme which will see a rush of bright, psychedelic colours pop up around the area.
It's come an astonishingly long way since its inception in 1990, and founder of the event and former mayor Pam Power would no doubt be thrilled with how it's developed.
The free event will begin with the opening at 6pm on Friday, and then proceed at 8am on both days over the weekend.


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Adarsh Enterprises is a known name, operating as an HR and manpower solution provider from Ludhiana (Punjab, India). The venture was started in 1995 with a sole motive to emerge as a preferred talent-acquisition partner of the corporate clients. Mr. Gurparkash Singh is the founding father of the company. He laid the foundation stone of the company with an aim to set a benchmark by offering unrivaled placement solutions.
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It's our job as Oscarologists to analyze the race and point you to the likeliest nominees and winners, and in many cases this year that's easy — or at least it seems easy with the awards for acting and directing going to the same people at nearly every Oscar precursor event. But what about Best Picture? With the changing makeup of the academy and the enigmatic preferential ballot, predicting Best Picture is like trying to solve a math problem with only half the numbers. The cold, hard Oscars truth is that the tea leaves may be unreadable. Our compass needles are spinning wildly. Our Magic 8 Ball says, "Reply hazy, try again." I think any of the nine nominees for Best Picture could plausibly win.
SEE 2018 Oscars predictions by experts: 7 of the 9 Best Picture nominees will win at 90th Academy Awards
There are usually some hard-and-fast rules we can rely on. You can't win Best Picture without a nomination for Best Director. This year that counts out "Call Me by Your Name," "Darkest Hour," "The Post" and "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri." You can't win without a writing nomination — there goes "Phantom Thread" and "Dunkirk." You can't win without a Best Editing nomination — so long, "Get Out" and "Lady Bird." You also can't win without a SAG nomination for your ensemble cast — bye bye, "The Shape of Water." Just like that you've ruled out all nine nominees for Best Picture.
SEE: Predictions in all 24 categories at the 90th annual Academy Awards [PHOTOS]
Every rule is made to be broken every once in a while: "Argo" (2012) won without a directing nom and "Birdman" (2014) without an editing nom, for instance. But after two years in a row with surprise Best Picture winners — "Spotlight" (2015) and "Moonlight" (2016) — it looks like some of the rules may not apply at all anymore. Maybe none of them do but we just haven't seen them broken yet. The Oscars only adopted the preferential ballot — in which voters rank the Best Picture nominees from best to worst rather than just picking one winner — so the sample size is still too small to clearly identify new patterns and trends. No way could "The Post" win with only one other nomination (Best Actress for Meryl Streep), right? Well, why not? Just because it hasn't happened yet doesn't mean it won't or can't in this brand new Oscar landscape.
While the preferential ballot has greatly complicated our Oscar predictions, there's one change that might be even more significant: the changing demographics of the academy. After widespread criticisms over a lack of diversity in the Oscar nominations — reaching their peak in 2014, when all 20 acting nominees were white, prompting the #OscarsSoWhite backlash — the academy committed to expanding its membership. They began inviting a younger, more ethnically and geographically diverse cohort of artists, not to mention more women. Any meaningful demographic shift takes time, but that was probably at least partly responsible for the "Moonlight" upset last year — no film remotely like it had ever won Best Picture.
And after "Moonlight" won the academy added another 774 new members, which brought the total number of academy members to over 8,000. That's a significant percentage of industry insiders who are voting this year for the first time. There's no precursor award that can tell us for sure how they'll vote. And as the motion picture academy strives to represent more women and people of color, it may move out of demographic alignment with other awards groups whose winners we once relied on to foretell the Oscars, like to Producers Guild, Directors Guild and BAFTAs to name a few.
If all that weren't enough, academy members voted later than usual this year (February 20-27) as a result of the Winter Olympics. So any influence from those precursor awards might have worn off by the time ballots were cast, prompting voters to strike out on their own even more drastically.
Of course, that's not necessarily a bad thing. While it's hard out here for a pundit it's good for a movie-lover, especially one like me who craves greater diversity, not just in terms of race and gender but in terms of point-of-view and opinions. I want an academy that's not in lockstep with the awards voters who came before, and maybe then those precursors would be less concerned with influencing Oscar and more concerned with reflecting their own idiosyncratic tastes.
That said, depending on how I feel about the Best Picture winner on Sunday night, ask me again on Monday morning how I feel about all those shiny new voters.
Be sure to check out how our experts rank Oscar contenders in all 24 categories. Use the drop-down menus at the top of each page to see the other categories. Then take a look at the most up-to-date combined odds before you make your Oscar winner predictions. Don't be afraid to jump in now since you can keep changing your predictions until just before winners are announced on March 4.


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Digital marketing could be the method regarding marketing where we utilize various gadgets such since computers, cell phones, tablets, and so forth. It furthermore entails use of software plans, apps and also technological platforms for instance email, sites, social mass media, etc. The entire world of electronic digital marketing can be a vast one where we can simply get misplaced.
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We not just need to know what direction to go in the particular digital marketing and advertising world, we need to know what never to do. Below is a listing of ten with the don'ts to be able to hopefully allow you to trek from the massive electronic digital marketing galaxy.
- Closing The Eyes about Mobile Marketing and advertising – How many people who spend more time on the net with mobile phones is growing with a astounding fee. If you possess a web business, you cannot resist mobile phones in the digital marketing and advertising arsenal. Step one would be to produce your internet site mobile system friendly. Many web site builder programs for instance WordPress have got plugins and also automatic features to accomplish this for an individual. You also can add a distinct code in your site that may format your internet site to the unit being employed. Be sure to use your website on your own mobile devices to learn exactly how folks are seeing that. Go from the mobile purchasing experience oneself so there is a full comprehension of what you should do.
a couple of. Too Much Social media marketing – Social media marketing is a great deal an integral part of the internet today it will be impossible you may anticipate to create a presence on every one of the social web sites. You must pick a few of the most notable sites and commence building the brand and creating your sociable presence. The many used sociable sites currently are Fb, Twitter, LinkedIn and also Pinterest. I get nearly all of my sociable traffic coming from Facebook and also Pinterest. Subsequent in series is Google+, Tumblr and also Instagram. When you can understand your marketplace you can be an integral part of the sociable sites where they would almost certainly participate.
- Information Clog – The particular digital marketing and advertising world is indeed vast we could easily grow to be lost inside the information. My partner and i, as well as much others, get caught inside the trap regarding spending too much effort gathering details from many sources about various areas of building a web business. We must narrow our own focus and also learn simply what we must learn to be able to successfully develop our enterprise. Find a couple of good sources because of this information and stick to them to master the intricacies.
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- Not Maintaining SEO Adjustments – SEO is quite pertinent aimed at your web but the regulations are constantly changing. Find an excellent source regarding SEO details and follow it regularly to maintain with the particular changes in order to make virtually any necessary revisions in your business internet site.
- Not Employing Visual Marketing and advertising – Through the use of visual marketing and advertising, you can increase the conversion fee by up to 86%. It is a phenomenal fact. Place any video on your own landing and/or home-page. Strategically spot quality graphics within your blog content and articles. Use visuals whenever you can in your social media. Create and also use your own personal infographics to your blog and social media marketing. There are usually free tools in making infographics. Work with a compelling photograph or graphic within your articles. It may mean the particular difference relating to the article getting read or perhaps rejected. Check out articles together with photos. Does the particular photo take you in to the article and also make you would like to read that or can it leave an individual flat. Pay attention to the form of image employed and just what emotion or perhaps action it brings forth in an individual. Placing any well-made video on your own homepage or squeeze page will produce a substantial difference at the same time. People are certain to get the message more speedily than simply by reading and will be the deciding factor concerning whether they will stay or perhaps go. Be entertaining inside the video but make sure you deliver the message. Your graphic and voice may also help your potential consumer bond together with you. You also need to get started in the fairly fresh visual marketing and advertising technique referred to as meme marketing and advertising. This includes humor and true to life situations together with amusing and/or heartwarming photos.
- Not Tests and Following – Benefit from Google's totally free tools to examine your numbers and track any visitors. Google Analytics can assist you tweak your internet site to the performance top. Test adverts, web web pages, article useful resource boxes, and so forth. Find out there what brings the most effective results and a lot response and stay with it.
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- Focusing a lot of on Traffic rather than Enough about Conversions : Traffic could be the lifeblood of a web business but you must also focus about quality and targeted prospects. Getting 1000 visitors to your web site doesn't carry out much good should they are not enthusiastic about what an individual offer. Participate inside groups and also forums where those people who are interested within your services could be. If an individual offer B2B products, join teams and community forums of home-based business owners. We almost all want a lot more traffic but we must aim for your traffic to be able to whom we could actually promote.
- Charging Blindly In to the Marketing Abyss : Starting a web business and asking headfirst in to the digital marketing and advertising world is wii idea. You have to do some thinking ahead and research everything you are stepping into. Know who your web visitors will become and how to locate them. Ensure you are supplying a sellable products or services. Be relatively prepared to your dive in to the digital marketing and advertising world.
These mistakes have become common but must be addressed. If you making the effort to build a web business you should be informed and also constantly become adapting and also learning. Digital marketing and advertising has come a considerable ways since early 90s and we must grow and also develop from it. It will probably be overwhelming occasionally but it is possible to work to be able to overcome and create a successful web business.


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Students using Pay As You Go Mobile Plans
The biggest limitation to using your mobile phone more today is usually the cost of the calls. And even though today we use our phones more and more and for more and more things, we are still always looking for ways to save on that dreaded phone bill.
Those who want to control their mobile phone usage should opt for pay as you mobile phone plan as these are well known for saving you on your phone charges. These plans were designed for minimal usage. Mainly emergency or a few calls/txt a day to stay in touch with children and spouses.
In the UK, mobile phones are basically available in two forms; contract mobile phones and pay as you mobile phones. In the case for contract mobile phones, users pay a regular monthly amount that includes a predetermined number of calls and credit. Anything over a above that is charged extra.
Alternatively, pay as you go mobile phones come with a set credit limit that you nominate and pay for. Once the credit runs out the phone can only be used to receive calls. You then need to recharge it (ie purchase additional credit) in order to be able to make calls.
Pay as you go phones are ideal for people who are dependent upon their parents or those who don't earn much. IMany surveys have shown that pay as you go plans and phones are in great demand by students. Since they have to depend upon the limited amount of money sent by their parents, pay as you mobile phones are the most suitable options for them.
Pay as your go phones and plans have also become quite popular with international students. In the past students could only purchase separate phone cards, but today, many pay as you go plans also come with great international call rates that make it worthwhile using your mobile to call home.
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BSc (Hons) Business, Accelerated Degree
Full-time undergraduate (2 years)
United Kingdom
Tuition fees from September 2019
Tuition (Per Year)
*LCIBS have made an application to register with the Office for Students (OfS) and expect a decision shortly. No provider will be able to confirm whether student support is available until it has a decision from the OfS. Visit www.officeforstudents.org.uk for more information.
Tuition fees from September 2019
Tuition (Per Year)
Contact our London office for more detail and information on our intake dates.
Regulations for Validated Awards of The Open UniversityDownload now
If you do not meet our English Language requirements, we offer free pre-sessional English Language programmesFind out more
Validated by the OU
Our BSc (Hons) Business, Accelerated Degree aims to provide a stimulating, multicultural learning environment in which students aspire to become global citizens capable of contributing effectively and responsibly.
At LCIBS we seek to foster internationalism and professionalism providing programmes that embody a spirit of international understanding and cooperation, allied to a high-level of professional capability and responsibility.
During your studies at LCIBS you will understand and engage with the following:
- The changing and dynamic nature of business-related disciplines within an interconnected globalised and complex world
- The influences/impact that externalities, such as the political and economic environments, have upon business and society
- The on-going development of careers within a business-related environment and the need to continually enhance and develop a range of skill sets to participate both within a business and societal context
You will also learn how to develop a level of emotional resilience to operate within challenging environments; be adaptable and flexible to the changing needs of organisations and society as a whole; global diversity in terms of cultures, ethical behaviours, communication, environmental awareness and social responsibility; learn and develop through a range of group and individual practice-oriented learning experiences; develop self-reflection, self-critical and personal skill sets; explore areas of both personal and career interest through the pathways and acquire competencies in interpersonal skills that will be beneficial to a future career.
Entry requirements
We look for passionate and committed students, and encourage applications from students with a variety of backgrounds, experiences and perspectives. Every application to LCIBS is considered very carefully on its individual merits.
We have two routes of entry:
- UCAS tariff points: Typical entry – 60 UCAS points and an Admissions Workshop. Even if you have or are predicted to get those grades, we will still invite you to attend an Admissions Workshop. We want to find out more about you and make sure the course you've chosen is right for you. Just as importantly, it's also a chance for you to find out more about us.
We also welcome applications from students who have studied (or are studying) the International Baccalaureate, Access to Higher Education diplomas, Higher National qualifications, BTECs, Scottish Highers, Cambridge Pre-U, Welsh Baccalaureate and equivalent non-UK qualification. You can calculate your UCAS points by visiting: www.ucas.com/tarriff-calculator
- Work experience: We welcome applications from students who have relevant work experience. Work experience can be used to partly or fully meet our entry criteria. Our Admissions Team are happy to advise you on required criteria: email@example.com
English language requirements:
If your first language is not English you may need to complete an English language test, such as International English Language Testing System (IELTS) or a Pearson English language test (PTE Academic), to demonstrate you have the language skills needed to complete your degree. All our courses are taught in English.
|Language Qualification
|Score Required
|5.5 IELTS with a minimum of 5.0 in any component
|English Qualification
|B2 of CEFR
If you need support achieving the required standard of English language skills, we offer a range of pre-sessional English Language courses free of charge. Find out more
(FHEQ) Level 4
BSc (Hons) Business, Accelerated Degree
Credit Points
|Organisational Behaviour
|Marketing in Action
|Finance and Accounting
|Human Resource Management
|Personal Development Planning (Personal)
|Simulation for Business Start-up
|Market Research
|Public Relations & the media
|Total level credits
Exit award CertHE 120 credits
(FHEQ) Level 5
BSc (Hons) Business, Accelerated Degree
Credit Points
|Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility and Reputation
|Business Communications
|Human Resource Management Learning & Development
|Simulation for Business Development
|Personal Development Planning (Professional)
|Branding and brand management
|Public Relations and affairs
|Total level credits
Exit award level 5 DipHE 240 Credits
(FHEQ) Level 6
BSc (Hons) Business, Accelerated Degree
Credit Points
|Business Research Methods
|Strategic Management
|Logistics and Supply Chain Management
|Operations Management
|Personal Professional Development (Employability)
|Total level credits
Total programme credits
Progression route
The (Accelerated) BSc (Hons) Degree at LCIBS is awarded after a full-time study course on a range of selected courses. On successful completion of the programme, the student can progress onto one of Masters programmes at LCIBS.