text:
Rolls-Royce highlights composites, gears and architecture changes in new engine road map
For more than 20 years, Rolls-Royce has successfully built up its widebody market on a series of big engines evolved from a common, three-shaft architecture. But facing an inevitable future of bigger fans and smaller cores, the company has wrestled with how to combine this successful formula with the new technologies it needs to power the airliners of the next decade.
Now Rolls believes it has come up with the answer. While it currently focuses on development of the Trent XWB for the Airbus A350 and the next version of Trent 1000 TEN for the Boeing 787, the engine maker has unveiled its strategic road map for a new generation of turbofans for entry into service from 2020.
The ambitious plan centers on a two-phase evolution of the three-shaft architecture that is designed to position Rolls for new applications in the widebody market. Because the technology is scalable, Rolls believes the strategy could also provide a launch platform for new medium-thrust engines, possibly allowing it to reenter the narrowbody market ceded to Pratt & Whitney with its withdrawal from International Aero Engines in 2013. The road map also sees Rolls introducing composites on a wider scale in new areas such as fan blades and casings and, in its second phase, embraces geared turbofan technology for the first time. In the longer term, the plan also keeps the door ajar for potential open-rotor engine derivatives.
With the continuing growth of bypass ratios to attack fuel burn and noise, Rolls-Royce Civil Large Engines President Eric Schulz says there is an inevitable need for design innovation. "Our three-shaft technology has protected us as bypass ratios have grown over the years, but we will reach a limit at some point. Today we are at [a bypass ratio] of 11:1, and it doesn't take a rocket scientist to see that one day we will be approaching 15:1. With very, very high bypass ratios, the fan and low-pressure (LP) turbine become bigger, creating a weight problem. That means we have to come up with better solutions. That is why we are pushing hard for a composite fan system, because when the fan continues to grow it's a way to take the weight out."
The option of a geared fan "seems to be an attractive solution to reducing weight," adds Schulz. Although Rolls once publicly derided Pratt's pursuit of geared turbofans for mid-thrust engines, the U.K.-based manufacturer concurs on its use for higher thrust engines.
The first engine, dubbed the Advance, will be tested in initial demonstrator form in 2015 based on a re-cored XWB. Although no specific application has been identified or announced, Rolls says the new engine could enter service starting in 2020. The Advance configuration was the basis for the company's bid for the Boeing 777X, for which General Electric's GE9X was ultimately selected after an engine competition last year. Advance is outlined with a bypass ratio in excess of 11:1, overall pressure ratio of more than 60:1 and fuel-burn level at least 20% better than the current Trent 700.
Advance also forms the basis for a more ambitious follow-on concept dubbed the UltraFan that Rolls revealed in concept form in early 2012 as part of NASA's Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) study with Lockheed Martin. The engine could be ready for service in 2025 and is targeted at a fuel-burn improvement at least 25% over the Trent 700. The UltraFan will incorporate a gear system that drives a variable pitch fan and is outlined with a 15:1 bypass ratio and overall pressure ratio of 70:1.
The multi-phase designs address mega trends in the engine business, which has seen a constant improvement in propulsive efficiency, mostly through increases in fan diameter and bypass ratio, as well as shrinking cores and improvements in thermal efficiency. "It would be so easy to get complacent, and there have been plenty of examples of people who took their eye off the ball. But we're not going to do that," says Simon Carlisle, executive vice president and head of strategy and future programs for Rolls-Royce's large civil engine business.
"We have strong and capable competitors who we respect, and we want to maintain our position in the large engine business. So we continue to invest in technology, and last year we spent just over £1 billion [$1.7 billion] in technology funding. We need to keep doing that because the demands from the industry keep getting stronger. We know fuel prices are going to stay high and will continue to go in only one direction, so we're investing to address that," Carlisle says.
"What we are announcing are the next two major steps in the evolution of the family," says Alan Newby, Rolls Commercial Engines advanced projects chief engineer. The Advance, which is a generic collective term for the raft of new technologies, is aimed primarily at improving thermodynamic efficiency. The follow-on UltraFan will build on the Advance by introducing a geared architecture aimed largely at boosting propulsive efficiency.
"At 50 paces, the Advance looks like a Trent, but it is not," says Newby. "We've changed the core architecture and the work split. Significantly, we also see the use of a carbon fan for the first time." The change in core configuration means that for the first time in the lineage of its three-shaft designs, the high-pressure (HP) turbine will have two stages instead of the usual single stage, while the intermediate-pressure (IP) turbine is reduced from the two stages introduced with the Trent XWB, back to one. "For us this is quite a big deal," Newby says.
Unlike two-shaft designs produced by General Electric and Pratt, in which the fan and LP compressor are driven by the LP turbine, the fan alone is driven by the LP turbine in the three-shaft engine. In place of the conventional LP compressor, the three-shaft design has an IP compressor that is driven by an IP turbine. In previous evolutions of the Trent, Rolls has grown engine capability by expanding the work done by the IP compressor and turbine. "As we look to the future, it has caused us to look at what that work split should be for growth and efficiency," says Newby. The revised configuration enables a higher-pressure-ratio HP compressor while reducing the relative load on the IP spool.
The revised architecture means "we can do different things with the power offtake," Newby adds. "It gives us a robust air system and a lighter core." This means that the structure for the shafts can be supported on bearings placed further aft in cooler, more benign locations, away from the more challenging bearing sites in current engines that have to work in hotter environments.
The large-scale use of composites will make the largest contribution to the weight reduction. A composite fan made from third-generation carbon-titanium (CTi) will spearhead the initiative. Currently under evaluation in the advanced low-pressure system (ALPS) test program, the CTi fan will be flight tested later this year on a modified Trent 1000 on Rolls's Boeing 747-200 flying testbed based in Tucson, Ariz. The flights will mark the first time a three-shaft Rolls engine has been tested with a composite fan since the company's pioneering HyFil material was dropped from the baseline RB.211 engine in 1970.
Composites also will be used for the fan containment system, radial drive shaft, rear casing and the "rafts" that will house the engine accessories. Other components of Advance will include titanium-aluminide (ti-al) turbine blades, an improved method of disk shielding to stop hot air entering the engine annulus and high-aspect-ratio blades.
Other features will include dynamic sealing; hybrid ceramic bearings; smart, adaptive systems; fifth-generation three-dimensional aerodynamic turbine blades; and fluidic switches to actively control cooling air. The engine will also incorporate an advanced combustor design, ceramic bearings and ceramic matrix composites (CMC) "first in the shrouds, then in static parts and ultimately rotating parts," Newby says.
"Advance lays down the architecture we're going to take forward to the next phase" Newby says, referring to the UltraFan. The concept will be the first Rolls large turbofan to incorporate a fan-drive gear system or "power gearbox," as the company calls it, and is the first significant change to the traditional three-shaft layout since the advent of the RB.211 in the 1960s. The feature "earns its way" onto the UltraFan because of the engine's relatively large diameter fan, Newby says. "This gives the LP turbine a significant challenge and to mitigate that we have a reduction gearbox," he adds. The revised configuration retains an effectively unchanged HP spool and a conventionally connected intermediate spool. However, unlike any previous Rolls design, the UltraFan will interpose a gear system between the IP compressor and the fan. The design therefore does not include an LP turbine.
To maintain the stability of the large-diameter, low-pressure-ratio fan, Rolls also is studying either a variable-area nozzle like that evaluated—but not adopted—by Pratt for the PW1000G-powered Bombardier CSeries and Airbus A320neo. An alternative and possibly more likely option is a variable-pitch blade system that will have adequate rigidity and would enable a thrust-reverser system to be eliminated, Newby says.
Other features targeted for UltraFan include blisked stages and metal matrix composite "bling" (bladed-ring) compressor stages, further applications of CMCs, next-generation nickel alloys, hybrid ceramic bearings, high-aspect-ratio ti-al, and integrated heat exchangers to "cool" cooling air. The larger engine, which in the Lockheed ERA design was a 63,000-lb.-thrust UltraFan with a 174-in.-dia. fan, will also have to be enclosed within a low-drag, slimline nacelle. c


text:
- Description
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
SALEM — If the prospects for Oregon's food processing sector needs an icon, it's rising adjacent to one of Norpac Foods' repackaging plants: The steel skeleton of a 260,000 square foot frozen food storage and distribution facility under construction by Henningsen Cold Storage Co.
It's a collaboration by two of Oregon's oldest companies. Norpac, the cooperative of 240 farmers, dates to 1924 and Henningsen started a year earlier. More to the point, it's an investment that speaks volumes about the industry's current stability and promising future.
By having dedicated storage space right next door, Norpac will save "well into six figures annually" in trucking and handling costs as it supplies frozen vegetables and fruit to restaurants, institutional food service departments and grocery chains, said Chuck Palmquist, Norpac's vice president for sales. For Henningsen, it means throwing in big-time with a single customer.
"It says we're both optimistic about where we're headed," Palmquist said. "We both see opportunity."
The construction comes amid increased recognition of agriculture's economic impact. A November report by the land use group 1000 Friends of Oregon titled, "Great & Growing: People and Jobs in Oregon's Agri Cluster," makes the case that ag's economic influence is felt in every corner of the state.
Links to agriculture hum through the state's processing plants, shipping and distribution networks and related businesses ranging from equipment dealers and supply stores to restaurants. According to the report, $5.8 billion worth of farm and ranch products spins into $22 billion in goods and services annually.
More statistical evidence of the ag sector's strength came in the December labor trends report issued by the state Employment Department. From 2007 to 2012, the depth of the recession, Oregon's manufacturing sector lost 15.8 percent of its jobs. But food manufacturing jobs increased 7.8 percent during that same period.
People may hold off buying a house or appliances during tough times, Employment Department economist Pat O'Connor concluded in the report, "But people have to eat, even when the economy is not doing well."
The numbers are significant, said Dave Zepponi, president of the Northwest Food Processors Association. Food processing is the third largest manufacturing sector in the Pacific Northwest, after aerospace and high tech industries.
"We need to start swaggering a little bit," Zepponi said. "We may not be as sexy, but we're very stable."
The association represents about 150 processors in Oregon, Washington and Idaho. Zepponi said the industry is looking at "steady growth" as northwest processors benefit from region that has good soil, a temperate climate, low-cost power and a reputation for agricultural innovation and food safety.
Zepponi, who recently returned from a marketing trip to China, said those qualities are good selling points in Asia. Processors are working to tap the Asian export markets, where an emerging middle class has more disposable money with which to buy food.
Norpac has annual sales of $300 million to $500 million, but only about 3 percent comes from exports. The company sees good opportunities in the export markets, but expects only incremental increases for now, said Palmquist, the sales vice president.
Norpac has five plants in the Salem area, one in Hermiston, Ore., and one in Quincy, Wash. The company employs about 1,300 people full-time, with many more seasonal workers coming on the job during harvests.
Palmquist said much of the industry's recent growth has come from smaller, niche processors – "The Dave's Killer Breads of the world," he calls them – that have sprung up in response to the demand for local, high-quality products. Zepponi said his association is making a special effort to recruit smaller firms into the group.
Palmquist doesn't mind the competition. "It lifts all of us, I think," he said.
"People are interested in where their food comes from," he said. "Anyone who establishes a foothold of a locally produced product has a real willing audience to market to."


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ECO:nomics: Urban Farms May Grow Your Next Salad
AeroFarms won last year's ECO:nomics vote for most cutting-edge, eco-friendly company. Now CEO David G. Rosenberg talks was WSJ's Alan Murray about how his company has progressed in the last year.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
I ... the reforms is what they're foreigners ... and then tell us what happened and what you ... are ... obviously a very small audience ... the ALM ... that that ... we are to Suvero farms were were farmers ... and up ... this is is what the new ... carving up it looks like ... any of the farm with our awesome were technology company and the farm without sun soil ... of pesticides me is ... about ... less than fifty percent of the fertilizers and other about ninety percent of the water ... that of regular field farmers is ... yet to give you a visualization of of what this looks wandered ninety percent less ninety percent less water ... than in water ... you talk about the macro issues the water ... and in the US of ... a bout ... of our drinking water ... it's been reported ... by the USDA about eighty seven percent of our fresh water goes agriculture ... soo there's a there's a big footprint there is a conversation about water there ... you're earlier if you wanna ... really drives the chain's water focus on the act ... of other performance metrics me aam we we grow the refocus on onthe feet means we've grown two hundred and thirty seven different varieties of the finance more than ... most people can and probably ... the five simple part of what we're doing is celebrating diversity ... in that category ... which is the most I didn't read the nutritional dance product in the produce ... of the OS to be can take up new group Mr. seventeen growth the the the the Greens look ... we think of solace the people of the solid last night we are getting a real go up ... on me we drove beating the few Koreans which is ... the difference between micro BBT and it's a simple as this one is harvested ... do we grow that in about half the amount of time ... as the field indoor hydroponic courses from seed to ... drop in sixteen days of of the folks in this room are the ones who are in this room a year ago made a hypothetical investment in new year ago has anyone made a real investment ... subsequent to that ... yet um we've taken an angel investors ... we are investing motto ... we ... we find the odd ... that for some the same reasons that the discussions here where ... the investment climate from institutional investors ... because of the capital intensity that's involved in farming ... on that is a challenging environment so we've got the angel group you've taken an ... angel mighty and Ross are going to strategic route ... um with big strategic side of the light inside that on the farm in one of the largest farmers ... in in the US um ... what we've had ... were were in negotiations about the time together there ... which leads to ... some of the challenges that the big farmers this guy does almost a hundred million pounds leafy greens here is one of the largest in the U S mobile artists of the world ... and ... our cost of producing a product to be built ... backing of rebuild farms and warehouses cities ... of our costs are this is just like stupid in energy disputed food ... our costs ... you didn't go through striker's says he is ... in the field ... given the transportation ... ALM that God will win if there's a range of fuel costs that the low end ... where higher high and were lower of regular product if you take workout extra there's ... like of approximately a thirty percent premium over ... the regular fuel up in the field grown products are not arguments were lower ... at the low end of fuel and certain Laura I had to ... be up in part that is the of just ... very efficiently a growing crop of the truth ... about half the amount of ... time ... is it just wasn't you're still producing ... you're dealing three small amounts you don't have a lot of large scale operations going Dairy's Mohsen wearers ... to have proof of concept we about ... selling a different supermarkets full report coming out of our farms are selling at the supermarket ... our technology is and CEO of pharmacy out of Chicago ... New York New Jersey shut up and it and Dom in Dubai ... but but small sedan up doing forty us what's changed in last year ... um that comes alive are going to be producing products ... in New Jersey with a major distributor so ... given ... our ability to grow a lot of product small footprint weren't betting the farm with two distributors this is ... here's a glimpse of what the world look like ... the food distributor produce distributor ... in their their refrigerator where the States um because of our vertical nature ... of BG growth of Defoe Greenhaus has six times the ... open productivity of a field farmer Hwee of thirty times the open productivity ... to be to take a lot ... of facility like this week it's got this this is probably ten high ... of the growing and ... then the product is harvested sixteen days ... and it can use their established for food processing facility ... brainer right there that they take ... on our products in the morning ... the harvested right there at the facility it goes in the truck's its packaged ... goods in the truck's been in and cement time ... the cold chain from harvested packaging is maybe four minutes that it's lost if that ... were really able to keep the cold chain ... sell leafy greens if you really wanna get it in an ambulance this is the hardest because they start dying ... and in the field it to be as much as four hours if you're able to shrink the coach and ... it's it's highly effective ...


text:
by Brian DeCandia, sports information graduate assistant
DESTIN, Fla. – The No. 14 Georgia College golf program jumped one spot to No. 4 on the final day of the Sandestin Collegiate Championship, hosted by No. 7 University of West Florida.
The par-71, 6,875-yard Raven Golf Club posed as no match for the Bobcats on the final day of the tournament, shooting a combined three-over par (287). The Bobcats totaled 873 (+21) strokes for the three round tournament, 10 strokes behind third place West Florida and 14 strokes off the leader, No. 2 Lynn University. No. 16 Newberry College finished in second place with 862 strokes.
Junior Patrick Garrett (Kennesaw, Ga.) aided the Bobcats shooting a 71 on the final day for a total of 216, good for a tie for sixth place. Rookie David Sullivan (Woodstock, Ga.) rebounded on his final day, tying Garrett for the team best score, 71, finishing in a tie for 33rd place with sophomore Gavin Harper (Twin City, Ga.) at 224. Harper shot a 76 on the final day.
Senior Jeff Rives (Roswell, Ga.) finished in a tie for 16th, shooting two-over on the final day, totaling 219 strokes. Sophomore Bryan Fox (Roswell, Ga.) finished one-over par on the final day, edging out teammates Harper and Sullivan with a final score of 223, good for a tie in 31st place.
The Bobcats square-off in their final tournament of the fall season Oct. 3-4, at the Aflac Invitational hosted by Columbus State University.
The Georgia College Department of Athletics, two-time winners of the PBC Commissioner's Cup, sponsors 10 varsity athletic programs at the NCAA Division II level. As a Division II program, Bobcat Athletics prides itself on balancing the life of the student-athlete, evidenced by the teams' multiple appearances in post-season competition as well as documented academic success and community-service involvement. Sign up at www.twitter.com/BobcatSports and www.facebook.com/gcbobcats for up-to-the-minute spports, and visit www.GCBobcats.com for more information, and to nominate your favorite former Bobcats and Colonials to the GC Athletics Hall of Fame.


text:
GCM Mode
|#include <cryptopp/gcm.h>
GCM (Galios/Counter Mode) is a mode of operation that uses a universal hash function over a binary Galois field to provide authenticated encryption. The mode is defined in NIST's SP 800-38D, and P1619. GCM is a high performance mode which offers both pipelining and parallelization. The mode accepts initialization vectors of arbitrary length, which simplifies the requirement that all IVs should be distinct. For a comparison of 4th generation authenticated encryption modes, visit AtE Comparison.
GCM uses a block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and produces tags of 128, 120, 112, 104, or 96 bits (64 and 32 bits are available but not recommended under most circumstances). You cannot use a symmetric cipher with a smaller block size because GCM was designed for 128-bit ciphers. For example, Blowfish, with a 64-bit block size, will not work.
GCM produces tags shorter than 128 bit by truncating the 128 bit tag. The default tag size for Crypto++'s implementation is 128 bits. To change the tag size, an alternate contructor for AuthenticatedEncryptionFilter and AuthenticatedDecryptionFilter should be used.
GCM restricts the size of ADATA to less than or equal to 264-1; and PDATA to 239-256. For completeness, the IV is restricted to lengths less than or equal to 264-1 in multiples of 8. However, SP 800-38D recommends limiting the IV to 96 bits or less to "promote interoperability, efficiency, and simplicity of design".
When only ADATA is presented to GCM, the resulting tag is simply a GMAC. The GMAC is a special case of GCM where no plain text is presented (i.e., there is no PDATA which will receive both confidentiality and authentication). NIST recognizes GMAC as yet another mode of operation of a block cipher when used in the context of GCM.
GCM is online, meaning the data does not need to be known in advance - it can be streamed into the object (there are some practical implementation constraints).
If you are used to working in languages like Jave or libraries like OpenSSL, then you might want to visit the Init-Update-Final wiki page. Crypto++ provides the transformation model, but its not obvious because its often shrouded behind Pipelines.
Given two message inputs, ADATA (additional authenticated data) and PDATA (plain text data), GCM mode will provide authentication assurances over the ADATA and provide both confidentiality and authentication over the PDATA. Note that either ADATA or PDATA may be NULL or unused, but at least one must be present. A simple example would be securely saving a file to disk: the file data would consist of the pair { iv, ciphertext }. The iv would be authenticated (and persisted in the clear), while the cipher text would have both encryption and authentication applied.
The output of the mode is a single cipher text message which has two components: the concatenated pair { Encrypted, Tag }. Encrypted is the result of encrypting the PDATA, while tag is the output of the GHASH over both the ADATA and PDATA. Since the tag size is known, it is trivial to split the cipher text data into its constituent components. Note that the original ADATA is not returned in this operation - only the cipher text and tag.
Crypto++ Implementation
Crypto++ 5.6 intoduced a new interface for working with authenticated encryption objects: AuthenticatedSymmetricCipher. Crypto++ exposes GCM through the use of a GCM mode object and a pair of filters: AuthenticatedEncryptionFilter and AuthenticatedDecryptionFilter. Each filter combines a block cipher (which should be AES) operated in GCM mode with a HashFilter to generate the MAC and and a HashVerificationFilter to verify the GMAC digest. In addition to GCM mode, CCM Mode also uses the interface.
Both the ADATA and PDATA should be fully available to the AuthenticatedSymmetricCipher objects form compatibility with other authenticate and encrypt modes such as CCM. With this in mind, changing modes to evaluate performance will be a trivial task. As with CCM mode, operations on the channel data must be performed in strict order.
The parameters which must be supplied and used by both parties are:
- key and key size
- iv and iv size
- tag size
Finally, do not use a StreamTransformationFilter on a GCM object to recover only the primary data channel (the cipher text). The StreamTransformationFilter will throw an exception.
The constructors accept a block cipher parameter (which is usually AES) and an optional GCM_TablesOption parameter. The default GCM_TablesOption parameter is GCM_2K_Tables. A second Crypto++ table offering is GCM_64K_Tables.
GCM< AES >::Encryption e; GCM< AES, GCM_64K_Tables >::Encryption e;
GCM< AES >::Decryption d; GCM< AES, GCM_64K_Tables >::Decryption d;
Because the choice of tables is a tradeoff between memory and speed, an Encryption/Authentication object will be compatible with a Decryption/Verification object using a different table:
GCM< AES, GCM_2K_Tables >::Encryption e; GCM< AES, GCM_64K_Tables >::Decryption d;
Though both the encryption and decryption object can be used directly if combined with the proper HashFilter or HashVerificationFilter, it is generally easier to use the provided AuthenticatedEncryptionFilter or AuthenticatedDecryptionFilter.
Crypto++ Demonstration
Crypto++ demonstrates the use of GCM mode in datatest.cpp, function TestAuthenticatedSymmetricCipher. Please see the discussion of the TestAuthenticatedSymmetricCipher.
Sample Programs
Two sample programs are provided for GCM mode. In the samples below, a few points are noteworthy:
- The IV/Nonce size can be nearly any size
- Unlike CCM Mode, a call to SpecifyDataLengths is not required
- Pushing data into the objects in the wrong order will result in an exception
- Data flow into the encryptor is slightly different than data flow into the decryptor/verifier
- Exceptions for a verification failure can be supressed by not including THROW_EXCEPTION flag during construction.
- Tag size is altered by specifying a supported value for the truncatedDigestSize parameter of either AuthenticatedEncryptionFilter or AuthenticatedDecryptionFilter. The value is specified in bytes, not bits
The first sample, GCM-AE-Test.zip, performs authenticated encryption. It does not perform authentication over additional authenticated data (ADATA). Since only encryption is performed, only access to the default channel is needed. So the code below is similar to what one might expect for other modes such as CBC. The exception is SetKeyWithIV requires an iv size.
AutoSeededRandomPool prng; SecByteBlock key( AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH ); prng.GenerateBlock( key, key.size() ); byte iv[ AES::BLOCKSIZE * 16 ]; prng.GenerateBlock( iv, sizeof(iv) ); const int TAG_SIZE = 12; // Plain text string pdata="Authenticated Encryption"; // Encrypted, with Tag string cipher, encoded; // Recovered plain text string rpdata; /*********************************\ \*********************************/ try { GCM< AES >::Encryption e; e.SetKeyWithIV( key, key.size(), iv, sizeof(iv) ); StringSource ss1( pdata, true, new AuthenticatedEncryptionFilter( e, new StringSink( cipher ), false, TAG_SIZE ) // AuthenticatedEncryptionFilter ); // StringSource } catch( CryptoPP::Exception& e ) { cerr << e.what() << endl; exit(1); } /*********************************\ \*********************************/ try { GCM< AES >::Decryption d; d.SetKeyWithIV( key, key.size(), iv, sizeof(iv) ); AuthenticatedDecryptionFilter df( d, new StringSink( rpdata ), DEFAULT_FLAGS, TAG_SIZE ); // AuthenticatedDecryptionFilter // The StringSource dtor will be called immediately // after construction below. This will cause the // destruction of objects it owns. To stop the // behavior so we can get the decoding result from // the DecryptionFilter, we must use a redirector // or manually Put(...) into the filter without // using a StringSource. StringSource ss2( cipher, true, new Redirector( df /*, PASS_EVERYTHING */ ) ); // StringSource // If the object does not throw, here's the only // opportunity to check the data's integrity if( true == df.GetLastResult() ) { cout << "recovered text: " << rpdata << endl; } } catch( CryptoPP::Exception& e ) { cerr << e.what() << endl; exit(1); }
The second sample, GCM-AEAD-Test.zip, performs authenticated encryption with additional authenticated data. It explicitly uses Put on the two channels rather than using pipelining. The default data channel provides confidentiality and authentication; the second channel (AAD_CHANNEL), provides only authentication. The download includes P1619 test vectors from IEEE for verifying correctness of the implementation. Additional test vectors can be found in SP 800-38D, Appendix B.
Finally, the encryption/authentication routine uses a StringSink. Using this method will have the AuthenticatedEncryptionFilter place the cipher text in the string. Decryption/verification uses a second method: it explicitly requests the recovered plain text from the channel.
// P1619 Test Vector 003 // KEY 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 // IV 000000000000000000000000 // HDR 00000000000000000000000000000000 // PTX 00000000000000000000000000000000 // CTX cea7403d4d606b6e074ec5d3baf39d18 // TAG ae9b1771dba9cf62b39be017940330b4 byte key[32]; memset( key, 0, sizeof(key) ); byte iv[12]; memset( iv, 0, sizeof(iv) ); string adata( 16, (char)0x00 ); string pdata( 16, (char)0x00 ); const int TAG_SIZE = 16; // Encrypted, with Tag string cipher, encoded; // Recovered (decrypted) string radata, rpdata; /*********************************\ \*********************************/ try { GCM< AES >::Encryption e; e.SetKeyWithIV( key, sizeof(key), iv, sizeof(iv) ); // AuthenticatedEncryptionFilter defines two // channels: DEFAULT_CHANNEL and AAD_CHANNEL // DEFAULT_CHANNEL is encrypted and authenticated // AAD_CHANNEL is authenticated AuthenticatedEncryptionFilter ef( e, new StringSink( cipher ), false, TAG_SIZE /* MAC_AT_END */ ); // AuthenticatedEncryptionFilter // Authenticated data *must* be pushed before // Confidential/Authenticated data. Otherwise // we must catch the BadState exception ef.ChannelPut( AAD_CHANNEL, adata.data(), adata.size() ); ef.ChannelMessageEnd(AAD_CHANNEL); // Confidential data comes after authenticated data. // This is a limitation due to CCM mode, not GCM mode. ef.ChannelPut( DEFAULT_CHANNEL, pdata.data(), pdata.size() ); ef.ChannelMessageEnd(DEFAULT_CHANNEL); } catch( CryptoPP::Exception& e ) { cerr << "Caught Exception..." << endl; cerr << e.what() << endl; cerr << endl; } /*********************************\ \*********************************/ // // The pair { adata, cipher } is sent to // the other party or persisted to storage // // Attack the first and last byte of the // encrypted data and tag // if( cipher.size() > 1 ) // { // cipher[ 0 ] |= 0x0F; // cipher[ cipher.size()-1 ] |= 0x0F; // } /*********************************\ \*********************************/ try { GCM< AES >::Decryption d; d.SetKeyWithIV( key, sizeof(key), iv, sizeof(iv) ); // Break the cipher text out into it's // components: Encrypted and MAC string enc = cipher.substr( 0, cipher.length()-TAG_SIZE ); string mac = cipher.substr( cipher.length()-TAG_SIZE ); // Sanity checks assert( cipher.size() == enc.size() + mac.size() ); assert( enc.size() == pdata.size() ); assert( TAG_SIZE == mac.size() ); // Not recovered - sent via clear channel radata = adata; // Object *will* throw an exception // during decryption\verification _if_ // verification fails. AuthenticatedDecryptionFilter df( d, NULL, MAC_AT_BEGIN | THROW_EXCEPTION, TAG_SIZE ); // The order of the following calls are important df.ChannelPut( DEFAULT_CHANNEL, mac.data(), mac.size() ); df.ChannelPut( AAD_CHANNEL, adata.data(), adata.size() ); df.ChannelPut( DEFAULT_CHANNEL, enc.data(), enc.size() ); // If the object throws, it will most likely occur // during ChannelMessageEnd() df.ChannelMessageEnd( AAD_CHANNEL ); df.ChannelMessageEnd( DEFAULT_CHANNEL ); // If the object does not throw, here's the only // opportunity to check the data's integrity bool b = false; b = df.GetLastResult(); assert( true == b ); // Remove data from channel string retrieved; size_t n = (size_t)-1; // Plain text recovered from enc.data() df.SetRetrievalChannel( DEFAULT_CHANNEL ); n = (size_t)df.MaxRetrievable(); retrieved.resize( n ); if( n > 0 ) { df.Get( (byte*)retrieved.data(), n ); } rpdata = retrieved; assert( rpdata == pdata ); // All is well - work with data cout << "Decrypted and Verified data. Ready for use." << endl; cout << endl; cout << "adata length: " << adata.size() << endl; cout << "pdata length: " << pdata.size() << endl; cout << endl; cout << "recovered adata length: " << radata.size() << endl; cout << "recovered pdata length: " << rpdata.size() << endl; cout << endl; } catch( CryptoPP::Exception& e ) { cerr << "Caught Exception..." << endl; cerr << e.what() << endl; cerr << endl; }
In the preceeding code, the MAC_AT_BEGIN was specified during contruction to indicate that the tag was the first item being inserted into the AuthenticatedDecryptionFilter. If the tag is to be inserted at the end of the process, the following code would be used. Note that ADATA must still be pushed before PDATA.
AuthenticatedDecryptionFilter df( d, NULL, MAC_AT_END ); df.ChannelPut( AAD_CHANNEL, adata.data(), adata.size() ); df.ChannelPut( DEFAULT_CHANNEL, enc.data(), enc.size() ); df.ChannelPut( DEFAULT_CHANNEL, tag.data(), tag.size() ); // Signal End on both channels df.MessageEnd();
Block Sizes
GCM requires the block cipher to have a block size of 16 bytes. If you try to use the mode with a block cipher like Blowfish with a 8-byte blocksize, then you will receive a Crytpo++ exception block size of underlying block cipher is not 16:
$ ./Driver.exe key: 3D79897DFAE98DDA381196AB3319C8EC iv: 4E3E871C7B2DC44E plain text: GCM Mode Test Blowfish/GCM: block size of underlying block cipher is not 16
You will encounter a similar error when using a block cipher like Kalyna with a 256-bit or 512-bit blocksize:
$ ./test.exe Kalyna-512(512)/GCM: block size of underlying block cipher is not 16
The Kalyna team sent us polynomials for 256-bit and 512-bit block sizes, but we have not made the design and implementation changes to use them. The polynomials for Kalyna are listed below.
- 128-bit block: x127 + x7 + x2 + x + 1
- 256-bit block: x256 + x10 + x5 + x + 1
- 512-bit block: x512 + x8 + x5 + x2 + 1
GCM-AE-Test.zip - GCM Test using only PDATA
GCM-AEAD-Test.zip - GCM Test using both ADATA and PDATA
Twofish-GCM-Filter.zip - Demonstrates encryption and decryption using Twofish in GCM mode with filters
Serpent-GCM-Filter.zip - Demonstrates encryption and decryption using Serpent in GCM mode with filters
Camellia-GCM-Filter.zip - Demonstrates encryption and decryption using Camellia in GCM mode with filters
AES-GCM-Filter.zip - Demonstrates encryption and decryption using AES in GCM mode with filters


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... intended to encourage the cultivation of statistics in their scientific aspects and promote the application of numbers to the solution of important problems in all the relations of life in which the numerical method can be employed, with a view to determining the laws which regulate them.Fellows of the Royal Statistical Society who have made innovative contributions to the theory or application of statistics are considered for Gold Medals.
1892 Charles Booth
1894 Robert Giffen
1900 J Athelsten Baines
1907 F Y Edgeworth
1908 P G Craigie
1911 G Udny Yule
1920 T H C Stevenson
1930 A W Flux
1935 A L Bowley
1945 M Greenwood
1946 R A Fisher
1953 A Bradford Hill
1955 E S Pearson
1960 F Yates
1962 Harold Jeffreys
1966 J Neyman
1968 M G Kendall
1969 M S Bartlett
1972 H Cramer
1973 David Cox
1975 G A Barnard
1978 Roy Allen
1981 D G Kendall
1984 H E Daniels
1986 B Benjamin
1987 R L Plackett
1990 P Armitage
1993 G E P Box
1996 P Whittle
1999 Michael Healy
2002 D Lindley
2005 John Nelder
2008 James Durbin
2011 C R Rao
2013 John Kingman
2014 Bradley Efron
2016 Adrian Smith
2019 Stephen Buckland
Royal Statistical Society
Royal Statistical Society, etc:
Royal Statistical Society Guy Gold Medal
Royal Statistical Society Guy Silver Medal
Royal Statistical Society Guy Bronze Medal
Other Web site:
Royal Statistical Society Web site
|Index of Societies
|Index of Honours, etc.
|Main index
|Biographies Index
The URL of this page is:


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It's not really FALL here in Northern California, so I'm sticking with other 'scapes until I feel more like Fall in a couple of weeks!
This vintage tablecloth is by Simtex and is called "Pussy Willow." It is so bright and cheery, I may have to forget that "I'm not really a PINK person." White, Rose, and Shamrock Post 86 Fiesta with individual Harlequin vintage creamers. The candle holders are from Crate & Barrel probably 20 years ago, flatware from Macy's, glassware from Pier 1, vintage Rosenthal vase, individual china flowers are German c. 1950, the bouquet of china flowers is English "Queens Floral", and the footed compote is Schwarzenhammer Bavaria c.1950. The roses are from my garden.


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European Union Wants One‐Size‐Fits‐All Regulation
European bureaucracies such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the European Commission are infamous for their anti-tax competition campaigns, but the zeal to harmonize is not limited to fiscal policy. The European Commission has set an explicit goal of exporting EU regulation to the rest of the world. If successful, this would be an unfortunate development. Competition among regulatory regimes helps control excessive government. But if an international bureaucracy succeeds in becoming a global "standard setter," then politicians will exploit that monopoly position to impose more onerous regulatory burdens. That certainly will be the case if the bureaucrats in Brussels succeed in this latest push for regulatory harmonization. As the Financial Times indirectly notes, the Euro-crats are not very sympathetic to markets:
Brussels wants the rest of the world to adopt the European Union's regulations, the European Commission will say this week. A Commission policy paper that examines the future of the Union's single market says European single market rules have inspired global standard-setting in areas such as product safety, the environment, securities and corporate governance. ...The paper calls on the EU to encourage other jurisdictions to follow suit – for example by "promoting European standards internationally through international organisation and bilateral agreements". ...The EU's drive to establish itself as the pacesetter for worldwide business regulation could well lead the bloc into conflict with the US and other trading partners. US officials have often voiced concern about the Union's growing clout as a global standard-setter, and the two sides have clashed over issues such as rules for the chemicals industry and the EU's stance on genetically modified foods. ...The two sides have very different regulatory philosophies, with the EU placing a heavy emphasis on consumer protection and environmental legislation while the US tends to promote a more market-based approach. Some critics of the European approach argue that the Union's stance on issues such as GM foods may also reflect a desire to protect the region's commercial interests.


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Steer, Dugald A. is the author of 'Snappy Little Farmyard - Dugald Steer - Hardcover - POP-UP' with ISBN 9780761312789 and ISBN 0761312781.[read more]
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- Home
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Wednesday December 11, 2019; 12:31 pm EST
A trivial comedy for serious people
"I practice my English accent for at least 15 minutes before the show starts," says Jeffrey Thompson. The 16-year-old plays Jack Worthing in Twin Beach Player's all-teen production of in Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Ernest.
The teens' hard work and weeks of practice paid off for the all-teen cast. Focused and on cue in every scene, they're a team.
A stage veteran at 19, Brianna Workcuff makes her directing debut in this production.
"There were definitely days when I wanted to quit," she says. "But I stayed with the show, and I'm so glad. Hearing the actors' ideas of their characters, watching them grow with each rehearsal and seeing them interact has been a thrill."
The setting is the English summer of 1894. Three simple stage dressings — a flat, a garden and a drawing room — allow the North Beach Boys and Girls Club the illusion of that faraway time and place.
The play is a comedy of manners, a genre that turns people's customs back on them.
The smugness and pomposity Victorian society impels the two main characters, Algernon Moncrieff (Aaron Fowler) and Jack Worthing, to invent fictitious alter egos so they are able to escape the strictures of propriety, even decency.
Algernon and Jack are knee-slapping hilarious in their Bunburying, the practice of creating a deception that allows them to misbehave while seeming to uphold standards of duty and responsibility they'll need to get their girls. By the way, both girls — Gwendolyn Fairfax (Devin Thrasher) and Cecily Cardew (Katherine Willham) — are in love with the imagined Earnest, or at least his name.
Society in the person of Lady Bracknell is hoodwinked but nearly has its revenge on another delightfully improbable point of impropriety. Samantha Wadsworth as Lady Bracknell and Marina Beeson as governess-with-a-secret Miss Prism represent Society with prim propriety.
"Wilde used a lot of humor in his writing, and these teenagers are getting it," said Sid Curl, Players president.


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Do you dare?
Spike Island is a place of mystery and magic that over the centuries has been used as a place of worship, defence, confinement and punishment. Our fully guided day tours give visitors a sense of the rich military, penal and social history of the island, sharing the stories of the many who called the island home.
But there is another side to this often dark and dangerous place that we do not tell to any day tour. A sombre and frightening history about prison life that is not for the faint of heart.
Join us on one of our Spike Island After Dark' tours to learn about the chilling history that haunts this beautiful island habitat. Hear about the horror of the convict's treatment when Spike was the world's largest prison in the 1850's Punishment block, a prison built with the sole purpose of punishing human beings. Its dreadful conditions led to several suicide attempts, some successful, and these grim cells hold many memories today.
You will hear about the mass graves that litter this beautiful island, the result of foul conditions and overcrowding during the worst of the famine years. These forgotten restless souls sit in unmarked graves under the islands lush grasslands, victims of an unfair time.
The islands beauty did not spare it from the worst of human nature, and you'll hear the stories of murders that took place such as nationalist Patrick White who was killed in a spiteful act of revenge by his keepers. We talk about the brutal murder of a prison warder in the 1800's, a event carried out by some of the many dangerous characters who were imprisoned on Spike, often sitting chained to the walls in their cells, covered head to toe in black save for 2 slits for eyeholes.
And our tour will take you to areas no day tour can go as we walk mysterious underground tunnels and cells that are sure to chill as much as they excite.
The islands fame has seen many paranormal groups visit the island, with Ghost Hunter International visiting and doing a show in 2010 and subsequent visits from GhostEire and Cork Paranormal Investigators.
Now it's your chance to visit the island and discover for yourself. Do you dare to visit Spike Island After Dark?


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Online-retailer giant Amazon is gearing up for the holiday shopping season with an exclusive agreement with the U.S. Postal Service.
Starting Monday, the postal service will deliver packages on Sunday to shoppers' doors in the Los Angeles and New York metropolitan areas at no extra cost. Next year, Amazon plans to expand the year-round Sunday delivery service to Dallas, New Orleans, Phoenix and other cities, according to the Los Angeles Times.
Members of the company's Prime service will be able to order products on Friday and get them by Sunday for free, but the service also applies to those non-Prime members, who can get free five to eight day shipping on orders more than $35, according to USA Today.
"The three big pieces of growth for us are selection, lower prices and speed," David Clark, vice president of worldwide operations and customer service told USA Today. "Adding an additional day is all about delivery speed. An Amazon customer can order a backpack and a Kindle for their child and be packing it up on Sunday for school on Monday."
The new partnership may also be a boon for the struggling U.S. Postal Service which has growing financial losses and has been pushing to limit mail delivery to five days a week. Currently, the two other major delivery parcel services – United Parcel Service and FedEx – do not deliver on Sunday.
The postal service plans to use its flexible scheduling of its employees to pull off Sunday delivery for Amazon, Sue Brennan, a spokesman for the postal service told the Los Angeles Times. However, there are no plans to add employees, she said.
Amazon has been spending billions of dollars building new warehouses around the world to expedite delivery of its products, USA Today reported.


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Table of Contents
From the Guest Editors
|Selected Papers from ICTD2009
|Richard Heeks, Rahul Tongia
|pp. iii-v
Research Articles
|Improving Child Literacy in Africa: Experiments with an Automated Reading Tutor
|G. Ayorkor Korsah, Jack Mostow, M. Bernardine Dias, Tracy Morrison Sweet, Sarah M. Belousov, M. Frederick Dias, Haijun Gong
|pp. 1-19
|User-Generated Content Creation and Dissemination in Rural Areas
|Sheetal K. Agarwal, Arun Kumar, Amit Anil Nanavati, Nitendra Rajput
|pp. 21-37
|Rajnikant's Laptop: Computers and Development in Popular Indian Cinema
|Joyojeet Pal
|pp. 39-54
|A Framework and Case Example for Evaluating Cost-Effectiveness of Information Services Across Technologies
|Faheem Hussain, Rahul Tongia
|pp. 55-74
|The Contribution of User-Based Subsidies to the Impact and Sustainability of Telecenters—The eCenter Project in Kyrgyzstan
|Michael L. Best, Dhanaraj Thakur, Beth Kolko
|pp. 75-89
|Uses of Mobile Phones in Post-Conflict Liberia
|Michael L. Best, Thomas N. Smyth, John Etherton, Edem Wornyo
|pp. 91-108
|Assessing the Impact of E-government: A Study of Projects in India
|Subhash C. Bhatnagar, Nupur Singh
|pp. 109-127
|pp. 129-130
Communication & Journalism
Unless noted otherwise, all ITID content is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License
Unless noted otherwise, all ITID content is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License


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CHICAGO, Dec. 25 (UPI) -- Houston's James Harden pumped in 26 points Tuesday and the Rockets stayed hot with a 120-97 romp over Chicago.
Harden went 11-of-13 from the free-throw line while also handing out six assists and grabbing five rebounds for Houston, which claimed its fourth straight victory and sixth in seven contests.
Omer Asik (20 points, 18 rebounds) and Jeremy Lin (20, 11 assists) supplied double-doubles in the Rockets' one-sided victory. Chandler Parsons struck for 23 points and Marcus Morris added 10 for Houston.
The Bulls, losers of two straight, were led by Nate Robinson with 27 points off the bench.
Luol Deng put in 14 points to go with five boards for Chicago.


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Hey folks, I'm back, and this time I return with a lesson on a popular character from Wolf's Rain. Today I will show you "how to draw Kiba" in his wolf form step by step. I have always wanted to do a tut on Kiba, but like always I just haven't found the time to. Anyways, this lesson is going to be fun as well as easy. I'm sure there are plenty of people out there as well as on Dragoart that are fans of Kiba or Wolf's Rain. The manga follows an arctic wolf as he ventures out to find a Lunar Flower, which is a bloom that is the only key to opening Paradise for Kiba as well as the wolf race. They need to get to Paradise because the world that the wolves live in now is all going to waste. Well, I guess I should be quite because I want you guys to start having fun drawing Kiba Wolf. I will return with more lessons for you all so try to stay tuned in.
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Okay, you got us — this bit of Bullitt wrap up business is a little late in coming. We were busy bringing you all the breaking embargo releases Monday and schlepping it across the country to do that little New York Auto Show, so give us a break. Anyway, last Saturday saw the largest convergence of Jalopnik nerds in quite a while. While we never got an accurate headcount because some of you sulked in and then scurried back into your dank basements to check for updates after, we did have a good time. There's no way to have a bad time when you're out at an old theater to take in a cool flick and a new Ford Mustang Bullitt pulled onto center stage for a surprise cameo.
We especially appreciate those who went out of their way and made up Wert-centric paraphernalia to display your command of auto-site-enthusiasm. Check out the gallery to see if you're famous, otherwise thanks for showing up and we hope to put together more events to amuse and entertain you slobs in the future. Also, if you pay attention in the galleries, there's room for dragon jokes.


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If you're going to be ambitious you better make damn sure it's an interesting ride, sister. It used to be that French psuedo-grungers Underground Railroad were happy with their lot, pumping out tritonal junky-pop as lightweight as it was refreshing, and needless to say about as 'grunge' as Phoenix in an airport. The gallic Subways wouldn't be too far off the mark and much like Manchester Orchestra the following year, 2008's Sticks and Stonesgot by on toothsome melodies, a colourful brio, and some brutalising wrath, as on 'NYC' and 'One More Kiss' - injecting some nihilistic chic into proceedings. Being French didn't hurt either - the way Marion Androu's vicious fuck-me / fuck you vocals met with her guitar would be considered a punishable offence in various sovereignties, and evoked every affectless euro art-skeeze you've never had the metal to approach. It could have be love, until you awoke to crisp notes on the night dress and a mini counterculture anthem in the shape of 'Poems For Freaks'. The end product packed the essence, if not technically the sonics, of old-time Seattle-grown glamour, made ever more glamourous by an (incandescent) immediacy, not despite of it.
So from a dumb, tasty kind of purity to White Night Stand their 'London' album and an attempt at earnest self-improvement, credibility, mystique, profundity and other lofty aspirations which often transform fundamentally average but hook-rich, lovable bands into mundane technicians (think Ignore The Ignorant; CSS's Donkey; cue soft textures, slight guitars and convoluted arrangements, cue completely throwing the baby out with the bath water. Poor little guy.
Come album three, just once it would be nice to see some ruthless refinement, as opposed to unsure over-complication. Evolve your concept not the execution. With little command of mood or tone, White Night Standstrains to capture an evaporating, dark beauty but instead descends into vulgar chaos; and a note to future adventurers - being 'more Radiohead-y' is not a valid artistic goal. The pointlessly long 'Seagull Attack' uses the vocal effect from 'Everything In Its Right Place' but drops a ribald pop punk chorus in anyway, before progressing vaguely and with perfunctory awkwardness into an extended middle suite. Equally, 'Ginko Bilabo' is bargain bin 'There There', matching a pin-balling bass with JB Ganivet's personality-devoid mewing, while rough-stitching Radiohead's itchy unbehagen to the same old scraggy guitar sound. At track two, their big play 'We Were Slumbering' could pass as a lost OK Computer B-side, but the refrain is again saggy and the composition mild, hollow and like the overall outcome, somewhat redundant. Appealing vocal melodies, formerly their strongest suite (and that of their Oxford patrons for the record) that could have saved these songs. But the well has run dry in that respect, it seems.
There are several grace notes of richness dotted about, which bear the fruits of nearly ten years as a band. Notably Androu's Twin Peaks-inspired tracks, like hungry striptease 'The Black Widow' and 'The Orchid's Curse', with the former riding the bastard-son blues a la PJ Harvey's Rid Of Me and the latter matching Howling Bells' faded glamour with Sisterworld's asphalt-choked paradise lost. Meanwhile 'Russian Doll's four-and-a-half minutes flies by on a Kraut-y insistency and 'Yellow Suit' is a pleasingly frenzied addendum to the swinging powder-puff grunge on Sticks And Stones. The Liars influence returns on album highlight - the subtly acerbic 'Lucky Duck'. While unashamedly pinching 'No Barrier Fun's guitar line, the double-kicked finale is inspired and the They Were Wrong...-style loops ably rendered by Paul Walton, veteran producer to both Massive Attack and Bjork. Another development is the continental bent the album hosts. A disquisition on long London nights it may be, nevertheless from opener '8 Millimetres' the Parisian xenophiles sound unmistakeably French, and Androu the perfect femme fatale.
Well produced and accomplished, with Androu's fork-tongued serenata finding a befitting home, regardless White Night Stand finds these subterranean homesick aliens in desperate need of some focus. But take 'Lucky Duck', slather with the tones of a kohl-eyed seraph, and raise a fucked off hate-letter to London, and they might just have something – they have the musical chops at any rate. For the time being, though, White Night Stand casts its net too widely, a pile of stage props when all they needed was a silhouette and lashings of red lippie.
5John Calvert's Score


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Officials chase after 'Bullet' and its $28 billion impact
Let's just get this out of the way: we still don't know the identity of the aerospace company that could deliver the biggest economic jolt to this region in a generation — or two or three.
My colleagues and I only know the manufacturer by its menacing code name: Project Bullet.
On Jan. 10, the Express-News reported that if San Antonio is lucky enough to land the project, it would bring a minimum of 3,000 jobs over time to Port San Antonio on the Southwest Side, with average annual pay of at least $80,000.
Now here's the upper range: as many as 5,000 jobs paying as much as $100,000 on average.
And a couple of new tidbits, gleaned from sources close of the recruitment drive: spending to build a facility for R&D and manufacturing — believed to be a mix of commercial and military work — would exceed $1 billion, and the total economic impact would hit $28 billion over a 10-year period.
Yet, still no name.
But we're in good company. Most of the local insiders sweating out the site-selection process, in which San Antonio is said to be competing against sites in Florida and Washington, don't know the manufacturer's identity, either.
Or if they do, they're exhibiting a discipline rarely seen in San Antonio's chisme-loving elites.
The aerospace firm has been working with locals through third-party consultants.
Sure, speculative short lists abound, mostly drawn from the obvious companies, the ones with international heft. Think: the Boeing Co. or Lockheed Martin, both of which have a significant presence at Port San Antonio, or Northrop Grumman.
There's also speculation about what kind of manufacturing we're talking about. Some of the buzz centers on unmanned aircraft systems, or drones. But a brand-new $1-billion-plus facility with a workforce of several thousand seems a little excessive considering the current state of the industry.
As UAS analyst Michael Blades of Frost & Sullivan's San Antonio office notes, worldwide military spending on drones reached only $9.5 billion last year, and the Federal Aviation Administration continues to slowly plug away at rules for commercial drones in the U.S. — which is keeping a lid on potentially lucrative civilian sales.
But whichever company San Antonio is courting, and whatever it produces, it apparently has a lot to think over.
In recent months, representatives from the city, county, CPS Energy, San Antonio Water System, a handful of other government entities and a few business leaders — a group of 20 or more — have met at least twice to go over San Antonio's bid.
The San Antonio Economic Development Foundation, the behind-the-scenes play-maker for such efforts, called them together. Funded by the city, county and private businesses, the organization also is the semi-official secrets-keeper for these kinds of projects; the assumption is that its president, Mario Hernandez (and a small knot of top state and local leaders) knows which manufacturer he's dealing with.
One insider I spoke with, however, doubts whether even Hernandez knows for sure.
Hernandez isn't saying one way or the other. He declined comment for this column.
The working group that EDF brought together convened one late-fall afternoon at the Plaza Club, the former stomping ground of San Antonio's powers-that-be on the top floor of the Frost Bank Tower on Houston Street.
But the pivotal meeting came Nov. 29. That's when officials crowded around a U-shaped conference table at Port San Antonio's main office to hammer out details of what's been described as the biggest incentive package ever cobbled together to lure a company to San Antonio. We hear that then-Deputy City Manager Pat DiGiovanni chimed in on speakerphone, and a representative from Gov. Rick Perry's office was on hand.
A point of reference: the deal handed to Toyota a decade ago was valued at $133 million. Since then, the automaker has made direct capital investments here totaling $1.4 billion and now employs 2,900 people at its pickup assembly plant on the South Side. Throw in suppliers' employees and the number of jobs nearly doubles, jumping to 5,700.
The working group met on a Thursday. The aerospace firm's deadline was just days away. Shepherded by former Mayor Henry Cisneros, EDF's chairman, officials reportedly made only minor tweaks to the incentive package after the late November session.
"We put a great offer on the table," one local official says. "We feel we have a really good shot at this."
I'm guessing economic development officials in competing states would say something similar — and mean every word of it.
They'd probably also say what the San Antonio guy said next — "The ball is in the company's court now." And they'd probably say it with just as much nervousness in their voices.
That's because of the anticipated military component of Project Bullet.
In other words, don't even get them started on the sequestration specter and the possibility of deep cuts to defense spending come March 1.
email@example.com Greg Jefferson is Business Editor of the Express-News. He can be reached at (210) 250-3259.
Greg Jefferson is Business Editor of the Express-News. He can be reached at (210) 250-3259.


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Just curious, how often to you format your PC, due to your Windows getting all messed up? Most often due to a virus... I usually have to format 2 times a year for sure and it is always a pain in every possible body part
Just curious, how often to you format your PC, due to your Windows getting all messed up? Most often due to a virus... I usually have to format 2 times a year for sure and it is always a pain in every possible body part
An image of my whole windows partition after all updates have been installed is more then enough for me... I keep the first image on 3 different media.
Then every week I have a rotation scheme that allows me to backup the windows partition as well but in a different location. Needless to say whenever something goes wrong really bad and I need to have the latest version I just take an image of the rotation scheme and install that one (if its really urgent).
Else I just take the original image,install it (and of course update it with the latest windows updates before replacing this image again).
My average swapping rate is around once a year - after I installed the original image again it feels the same as a format, everything goes somewhat faster again, but thats about the only difference....
Last edited by GanglyLamb; 11-07-2008 at 02:26 AM.
Originally Posted by Salem
0 . I use Linux.how often to you format your PC, due to your Windows getting all messed up
When I used Windows a few years ago, it was something like once every month. I ended up memorizing the serial number.
Running XP I rarely have problems. Usually once or twice a year, but generally as a result of some crap program, not windows itself. One of the more common problems I run into is registry corruption due to either malformed entries or bloated entries, i.e. programs that use the registry for their own personal scratch pad and of course dont delete the entries when they are uninstalled.
I used to do it about twice a year and it made me mad every time I had to do it.
So I bought a Mac.
Mac and Windows cross platform programmer. Ruby lover.
Quote of the Day
12/20: Mario F.:I never was, am not, and never will be, one to shut up in the face of something I think is fundamentally wrong.
Amen brother!
About once a year, but I don't use it that often. The most recent was a virus that came through Firefox... so much for secure eh? Before I used FF, and I used IE6 probably about 5 times a year. But I don't use Windows much these days.
Never actually. I keep my Win very tidy and clean.
Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity.
What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh under the sun?
All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again.
For in much wisdom is much grief: and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.
Never done it in XP. System is stable and fast. Malware fails to beat me (I've had about 2-3 in the last 3 years).
"The Internet treats censorship as damage and routes around it." - John Gilmore
My last windows XP installation remained stable for 3 full years without the need to format and reinstall.
Since I keep the same usage practices with this new machine I expect a similar performance.
Originally Posted by brewbuck:
Reimplementing a large system in another language to get a 25% performance boost is nonsense. It would be cheaper to just get a computer which is 25% faster.
That is the recipe for a flame war =).there are no other operating systems that can fulfill compatibility, eye-candy and usability, I am still sticking with Windows.
To start it off,
All the effects are configurable, of course, including the theme, unlike Aero. Oh, and it only requires onboard video, too.
Usability... you will have to define that. Of course Linux is as unusable to someone that has never used Linux as Windows is to someone who has never used Windows.
Compatibility with Windows programs... well, better than Windows' compatibility with Linux programs . On a more serious note, many programs have open source equivalents (in terms of functionality), eg. Firefox, OpenOffice, Thunderbird, a few open source IM clients, GCC + the GNU toolchain. Most of the popular commercial Windows programs can run under wine (an open-source implementation of Windows API on Linux).
As for advantages -
Open source and free (both in terms of beer and speech)
Security - no worrying about virii and malware. Before people say it's because Linux is not as widely used, no, it's because of the user priviledge system (and Microsoft made a step in the right direction with Vista's UAC, but unfortunately many people perceive it as an annoying feature and disable it. I have never used it myself, so I won't comment on that. The idea is good, though, but it has existed in UNIX/Linux for more than a few decades already. I would imagine the introduction of UAC breaks some applications, too, since many programs assume they have admin access, and do things like writing to "Program Files", and they were right, until Vista). Being open source makes Linux more secure, too, in the sense of actual vulnerabilities/bugs (as opposed, for example, users executing a malware with admin access voluntarily). Linux also includes a sophisticated firewall (part of it in the kernel, part of it userspace). A lot more sophisticated and configurable than the one included in Windows.
Stability - admittedly not the GUI part. Linux is still in the transition from server to desktop, and crashes still happen once every few days, just like Windows (which of course has improved since the win98 days, too). The lower level parts are good, though (kernel + command line). For example, my server (http + ftp + smtp + imap + printing + samba, on 3 harddrives in software RAID) running Linux has been up for a few months now (it was rebooted last time because of an extended blackout), and has never given me any trouble. Sure, for a more mission-critical server it's probably a good idea to update periodically, but for a relatively low importance server like mine, everything on default is good enough.
"natural" - it just "makes more sense", perhaps because it is actually designed by users. For example, the update script won't restart the computer automatically after installing updates (sure, you can probably change that, but why have it as the default!?!?). It also makes me wonder how much better Windows would be if Microsoft spent all the effort on fighting piracy with all those annoying "features" on actually improving Windows. Perhaps they have figured that they make more money doing those things than improving the software since Windows is the only choice for the average Joe (which constitutes most of the population), and they have to buy it anyways. I know this is largely subjective, but the overall atmosphere is a lot less "commercialized" in the Linux world, which I find attractive. It feels like the good old days when people mutually share their programs open sourced and get excited when other people use them. That kind of relationships between developers and users are, I think, far more enjoyable than between, say, an average Joe and Microsoft. I have contacted a few open source developers about their programs, and most of the replies I got are very helpful and enthusiastic. Some even implemented features just because I suggested them. They are actually enthusiastic about their programs. It's the kind of enthusiasm we won't find in, for example, a support email from Microsoft.
Productivity - powerful command line tools allow easy automation of many tasks like differential backup, file management (eg. delete files that are older than xyz, with a .txt extension, and with a length that is an odd number), batch image manipulation, and what I have actually done - a script that parses the National Geographic site and download the "picture of the day", remove the black banner, scale it, and set it as my wallpaper. All in a few lines, leveraging the power of wget, a command line file downloader, grep, a utility that searches a file for specific tokens, ImageMagick, a command line image processing program, and the command line interface of my desktop manager (GNOME). Sure, for average Joes this kind of things aren't important, but for computer literate people (people who aren't afraid of learning new things), this is quite priceless.
Both OSes have their pros and cons, and there is nothing wrong with using both of them at the same time, each for their strong points. For me, I use Windows for gaming and entertainment. For any serious work I trust it to Linux.
The problem with UNIX is that to do all those wonderful things you talk about, you need to be an expert and have tons of experience (and a good memory) with all those commands.
I'm a software developer, not an IT sys admin. I want to spend more time programming and less time looking through man pages & learning every little detail about the OS. I also don't like typing incredibly long commands piped to other commands piped to other commands, then doing it again a few more times fixing little typos I made before...
As for formatting Windows, I only do it when I buy a new computer every 3-5 years. After that the first thing I install is Symantec Antivirus. My computer has never had a virus in my life, and I haven't seen a blue screen of death since before Win 2000. I don't know what you guys are doing to your poor computers, but maybe you should apply to Microsoft's QA department!
"I am probably the laziest programmer on the planet, a fact with which anyone who has ever seen my code will agree." - esbo, 11/15/2008
"the internet is a scary place to be thats why i dont use it much." - billet, 03/17/2010
Does one need to know all about Windows to be able to use it effectively?
What makes you think one needs to know all about UNIX to use it effectively?
Good memory is not necessary, too. "[command] --help" will usually give a list of parameters with short descriptions. Commonly used commands will be memorized automatically (how can you not remember "ls" if you are typing it 100 times / day?).
I don't think UNIX users intentionally memorize commands and such (well... maybe some do. I certainly don't, and I am still able to use it effectively and efficiently).
It may be just me but *nix flavors do have window managers. This implies that using *nix is not all about the command-line.
I'm pretty sure I could use the internet, write papers, listen to music and watch DVDs with a *nix setup. That's what 90% of my day is about. I haven't moved completely to *nix yet (not that it seems appealing to me atm) because of college, and I'm too lazy to dual boot this machine. That's it.
In response to the OP restoring at checkpoints is all I ever do if I encounter a serious problem. I just did this recently.


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The California Department of Consumer Affairs, California Architects Board (CAB), administers exams, licenses, and regulates architects. Complaint responsibility includes competence in construction or structural design of a building and practicing without a license.
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With the Fringe around the corner, as a proud Edinburgh resident this is a great opportunity to share with you all my 9 favourite budget places to eat in Edinburgh. Warning: These are my personal recommendations. Known only to locals like myself, they may not even appear in Tripadvisor listings. All of the restaurants mentioned here are situated around the main fringe hotspots and should be easy to find. As always the BudgetTraveller welcomes your comments and suggestions below. Buon Appetito! 1.) Mosque Kitchen 50 Potterrow Situated in the humble environs of Nicholson Square right slap bang in the hub of festive proceedings is the new Mosque Kitchen Restaurant. If you want lip smacking, wholesome & authentic South East Asian cuisine- then this is a pukka choice. I recommend the saag aloo and yellow tarka dahl with rice, while meat lovers can tuck into the lamb curry or nibble away at the juicy tender sheikh kebabs. One word of warning –don't come here for great ambience or great service. This is a busy and unfussy diner where the focus is on the food. The evening buffet is just £10-this is great value for money and an authentic Edinburgh dining experience not to be missed. 2.) The Dogs 110 Hanover Street
The Dogs, Edinburgh © easylocum
The Dogs is a gastropub that serves high quality food in a very unfussy, informal relaxed environment. The food is a choice between classic gastropub favourites like fish & chips but with mushy peas plus new classics like chicken curry pie with chips –straightforward, no nonsense good mood food. Lunch prices are excellent value around the £5 mark for mains and £4 for desserts-The Dogs is a great value choice for lunch or the evening. 3.) Monster Mash 4a Forrest Road Monster Mash is still a firm favourite with locals and fringe goers alike with its uber chic retro trend of classic British posh nosh but at a fraction of the cost. The food is not on par but far superior to many gastropub dining options , serving classics like Bangers & Mash, Steak Pie & Chips stand shoulder to shoulder with more native treats like the Macsween Haggis ( Veg options too) , Neeps & Tatties. Portions are great. Special mention must go to their excellent, free range choice of sausages – a must for any time you are dropping by for breakkie here. With mains in the range of the £5-£7 this is another monster option not to be missed on your budget foodie trails in the city.
4.) Le Sept 5 Hunter Square This is another personal favourite in a great location- Hunter Square just off the Royal Mile. Food is freshly prepared , service - brisk and attentive. Their 3 course lunch special at £8 for one course, £10 for 2 and £12.00 for all 3 courses is great value for money. Also their evening menu offer-2 courses for £16 is brilliant. Menu changes everyday but when I recently visited recently for starters they offered me garlic bread with cheese and smoked salmon with potato salad. Both were very good especially the salmon. Their lamb, potatoes and veg for mains is excellent as well as their sirloin steak or you can have moules frites-yum. For dessert, I recommend the chocolate & cointreau terrine-yum. Definitely one of the best French restaurants in Edinburgh. 5.) Tapa 19 Shore Place, Leith & 97 Hanover Street Tapa is my favourite Spanish Tapas diner in Edinburgh with two outlets -one in Leith and a second outlet on Hanover Street. I often nip in at lunchtime to take advantage of their popular Tapas for 2 offer for £10 (from 12 till 5pm) where you can enjoy a selection of 5 tapas dishes including house specialities like thin slices of cripsy Aubergine dipped in honey- delicious food and superb value this is probably the best budget diner in Edinburgh : must visit on any trip to the city. 6.) Bene's Fish and Chips 162 Canongate There's few places I would recommend to a stranger but Bene's would be one of the first to roll off my lips. Situated in the quieter end of the Royal Mile (Canongate) just before the Scottish Parliament/ Holyrood Palace, Bene's offers you freshly made pizzas, calzones, fish + chips (best in town) and sausage suppers, quality is amazing and the prices are fantastic for this part of town. Fish Supper comes in at a snip at just £6.20 Also if you're brave you can sample that famous Scottish speciality- the deep fried haggis bar here. Great service with a smile- definitely one to visit on your travels to Edinburgh. 7.) Red Box Noodle Bar 51 West Nicolson Street A new entrant on the Edinburgh Food scene, I have been hearing some rave reviews of the Red Box and with prices of just £5 for a noodle box, no wonder this is becoming a fast food favourite with Edinburgh Diners. Noodle Box allows you to mix your choice of noodles with a selection of meats, seafood, then add your asian veggies plus a choice of 8 or 9 sauces 8.) Tempting Tattie 18 Jeffrey Street
If you are rambling down the Mile and suddenly you get the delectable waft of potatoes –follow the scent which hopefully will lead you to the Tempting Tattie on Jeffrey Street. Potatoes are baked-warm and crispy plus you get a nice choice of fillings ranging from the humble baked bean, tuna or Greek salad to the native Haggis or just be old fashioned like me and have it with some warm butter and black pepper-delicious! With prices just from around the £4 mark this is a great local treat at a very tempting price. 9.) Bar Napoli 75 Hanover Street This basement restaurant on Hanover Street is a little slice of Napoli-red checkered table cloths, tables crammed in every conceivable corner, brisk no nonsense table service , affordable prices, huge menu and after pub opening hours makes this a perennial favourite for me. I am big fan of their 3 course lunch menu which for £5.95 is great value. Location is ace too, in close proximity to Princes Street. If you enjoyed my budget tips please follow me on Twitter: http://twitter.com/budgettraveller plus check out my earlier posts about Lake District on a budget and Edinburgh . You can also visit my blog at www.europebudgetguide.com


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Michigan State University is the host school for this week's Colleton River Collegiate golf tournament.
The Spartans will take on Michigan, Penn State and Detroit on Colleton River Plantation's Dye Course today and Thursday.
The 54-hole tournament begins with two rounds starting at 8:30 a.m. today and concludes with Thursday's final round at 8 a.m.
Wilmot to speak to athletic club
Steve Wilmot, director of the RBC Heritage and Players Amateur, will be the guest speaker at the Athletic Club of the Lowountry's monthy meeting March 11.
Wilmot is originally from Moorestown, N.J., where he was a third-generation starting quarterback and all-around athlete for Moorestown High School in the late 1970s. He went to Guilford College (N.C.), where he was a defensive back on the football team.
After graduating with a sports management degree, Wilmot worked in a variety of sports-related positions before moving to the Lowcountry to work with the Heritage in 1986.
Wilmot sat on the PGA Tour Tournament Advisory Committee's board of directors for more than a decade. He is a member of the South Carolina Junior Golf Foundation's board of directors and the Hilton Head Island-Bluffton Chamber of Commerce.
Wilmot is also a member of the South Carolina Athletic Hall of Fame and is the executive director of the Heritage Classic Foundation.
The presentation will begin at 7 p.m. at Lord of Life Lutheran Church on Buckwalter Parkway. Refreshments will be served at 6:30 p.m.
As part of the club's membership drive, each member is encouraged to bring to bring a prospective new member to the meeting. For information, call 540-7159.
Spencer-White captures IJGT title
Bluffton's Charlie Spencer-White won the boys 15-19 division in an International Junior Golf Tour event Sunday at Port Royal Golf Club.
Spencer-White, a full-time student at Hank Haney International Junior Golf Academy on Hilton Head Island, shot rounds of 75 and 74 to defeat classmate Chris Magi on Montreal by three strokes.
In the boys under 14 division, Hank Haney IJGA student Taisuke Ono of Tokyo fired 83 and 72 to win by nine strokes over classmate Jan Schneider of Erlangen, Germany.
Phyllis Tang (Hong Kong) won the girls under 19 division. She posted rounds of 79 and 76 to defeat classmate Rei Nakatani (Tokyo) by two strokes.
Special Olympic tennis event on Hilton Head
The 13th annual Special Olympics North America?National Invitational Tennis Championships will be held Monday through March 13 at Van der Meer Shipyard Racquet Club on Hilton Head Island.
This year's event includes 168 Special Olympics athletes from six states. Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia and South Carolina will be represented.
Spectators are invited to the opening ceremony, with the lighting of the torch and a pro exhibition match at 6:15 p.m.
The public is also welcome to watch the matches, which are scheduled for 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. March 12 and 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. March 13.
Child Abuse Prevention Association golf tournament Friday
The 19th Annual CAPA Golf Challenge, hosted by Waste Management, is set for a noon shotgun start Friday at Old Tabby Links on Spring Island.
Men and women of any golf skill level are invited to play. Teams of four will play using the Texas Shamble format.
The entry fee is $175 per player or $660 for a four-person team. All players receive a round of golf with cart, practice range and balls, tee gift, box lunch and course beverages. A players' award party for all sponsors and golfers to be held on site immediately following play.
All proceeds will go to the Child Abuse Prevention Association (CAPA) of Beaufort, a United Way agency.
Deadline for entry is March 1. Applications are available at CAPA's outreach center in Port Royal and at www.capabeaufort.org.
For more information or to become a sponsor, call 524-4350 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Adventure Biathlon Saturday at Hunting Island
Kayakers, paddle boarders, runners and spectators will fill Hunting Island State Park at 2 p.m. Saturday for the ninth annual Adventure Biathlon.
The race, presented by the Sea Island Rotary Club of Beaufort, will feature 200-plus participants.
Racers will take to the water in kayaks and stand-up paddle boards in the Hunting Island lagoon and race for six miles, returning back to the launch site. They will then run a 4.5-mile course through a forest.
Participants can paddle and run solo, form teams of tandem paddlers and runners or form relay teams.
Arrangements have been made for entrants to rent kayaks.
Each year, unexpected challenges are introduced along the way. The challenges are normally announced just before the start of the race. The runners once had to complete the run with their paddles in hand. In other years, runners had to stop and do push-ups and sit-ups, crawl under mesh nets or hurdle over stumps.
Sea Island Rotary Club is a part of Rotary International, a worldwide organization of 1.2 million members dedicated to improving education, health and living conditions worldwide.
For more information or to register, go to www.setupevents.com.
Hilton Head Junior Shootout set for March 23-24
Eagle's Pointe Golf Club will host the Hurricane Junior Golf Tour's Hilton Head Junior Shootout March 23 and 24.
The winner of the boys and girls 15-18 age divisions will take home four American Junior Golf Association performance stars, which are equivalent to one exemption into an AJGA event. Top-10 finishers will receive points toward the year-end Hurricane Cup as well as the All-HJGT teams. Winners will also earn bids to the 2013 Tour Championship.
Registration is $179 for tour members and $199 for non-members. Register online at www.hjgt.org.
Golf results
Results from the Ladies Nine tournament held Thursday at Moss Creek Golf Club (individual stableford format): 1. (tie) Ginny Crispell, Joanne Heyboer (23); 3. Patti Merritt (22); 4. (tie) Sue Forrest, P.J. Leonhardt (20); 6. (tie) Joanne Moss, Katy Doran (19).
Results from the Mixed Couples Exchange Day tournament held Saturday at Moss Creeek (better ball stableford format): 1. Dori and George Barnes, Patty and Terry Ash (83); 2. Janet and Art Abrams, Wes Buxton, Randi Jones (82); 3. Karen and Mike Wirtzberger, Ronnie and Sandy Knapp (79). Closest to the pin winners: Wes Buxton (No. 5), Ronnie Knapp (No. 17).
Results from the Sun City Men's Golf Association Red Tee event held Feb. 27 at Hidden Cypress: Flight 1 - 1. Wally Gorrell, Ron Lee, Bob Rebhan, Roy Strouse; 2. Michael Millspaugh, Randy Wildman, Al Ferraro, Dick Tullie; 3. Peter Bonanno, Rick Yelverton, Charles Minster, Lennard Wolfson. Flight 2 - 1. Joe Vrcan, Bob Neaton, Frederick Wolf; 2. Bob McElfresh, Starr Barnum, Dieter Murowski; 3. Michael Schwartzkopt, Bob Antler, Bart Druery. Flight 3 - 1. (tie) Tom McClernon, Don Lorber, Ralph Rannacher; 4. Charles Hinson; 5. Larry Johnson. Flight 4 - 1. Bruce B. Smith.


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Sega's attempt to have fans choose the next Genesis classic to grace Xbox Live Arcade ran into a snag yesterday, when Gameloft announced vote-leader Earthworm Jim for Xbox Live Arcade.
Earthworm Jim was winning the voting for the next Sega Genesis classic by a wide margin yesterday, when Interplay and Gameloft made their big announcement: Earthworm Jim was coming to all consoles in downloadable form. The bad news? Sega had to remove Jim from the poll. The good? We're getting Earthworm Jim anyway.
Unfortunately, due to a licensing issue, we are no longer able to offer Earthworm Jim as an option in our poll. It was announced earlier today that Gameloft will be bringing Earthworm Jim to Xbox Live Arcade along with several other platforms. We are excited that our fans will soon be able to play this game.
There's even more good news, as my second choice - Toejam & Earl - is currently leading the newly reset poll, so we're basically getting our two top picks instead of one. Everybody wins!
UPDATE: Genesis Poll [Sega America]


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Hollywood star Kate Beckinsale has signed up to star in a new drama series for ITV and Amazon.
The Aviator actress, 44, has been cast in The Widow, penned by Harry and Jack Williams, the screenwriting siblings behind Liar, Rellik and The Missing.
The British star will play a woman whose life is turned upside-down when her husband of more than 10 years is reported dead following a plane crash in the Congolese jungle.
Kate Beckinsale to star in ITV's original limited series drama, The Widow. Read more https://t.co/qTxV3hzN1M pic.twitter.com/xxqEhZljw1— ITV Press Centre (@itvpresscentre) January 3, 2018
Three years later, Beckinsale's character Georgia makes a shocking discovery which "takes her to Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo… to uncover the truth about his disappearance."
ITV head of drama Polly Hill said: "I'm delighted to announce Kate Beckinsale's casting in The Widow.
"She is perfect for the role of Georgia in what is, as always, brilliant, compelling and surprising storytelling from Harry and Jack Williams.
"We're very pleased to have secured the series which is an ITV original commission and co-production with Amazon Prime."
The Williams brothers said that they "couldn't imagine anyone more perfect for the role".
"The Widow is our most ambitious and cinematic piece to date and we can't wait to bring the dark heart of the Congolese jungle to the screen," they said.
The series goes into production this month in South Africa, Wales and Rotterdam.
It will premiere on ITV before airing as an Amazon Prime Original in the US and on Amazon Prime Video in more than 200 countries and territories.


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Hot Day Out
Jay Wright was born in Nottingham and currently resides in Bristol, UK. He is a graduate in Illustration from the UWE Bristol. He is the author of the semi-autobiographical comic/picture book 'The Lonely Matador', published by Centrala publishing, Poland. It was the winner of the Ligatura comics festival, and third prize winner of Macmillan Children's Book prize 2011.
Lonely Matador
Half semi-autobigraphical comic/picture book, half homage to the famous bull fighter Juan Belmonte. Published By Centrala publishing, Poland. Wright draws for international magazines like Anorak, Cagoule, Computer Arts, NIDO (Germany), Ferment, Flamingo Mag and Oyako (France).


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A female tiger was fatally mauled at the San Diego Zoo by a potential mate, officials confirmed Monday.
Tiga Tahun, a large Malayan female Tiger, was introduced to Connor on Saturday, and zoo staffers hoped it would be the beginning of a breeding process to help protect the endangered species.
But the zoo's staff said the interaction turned violent, and they were unable to separate the two tigers.
No visitors saw the attack.
Tiga Tahun died Saturday of neck injuries and breathing difficulties.
She was born in 2009 at the Bronx Zoo, but was owned by the Omaha Zoo.
Connor was born at the San Diego Zoo in 2011.
"Large carnivores often mix aggressive behavior with breeding interactions and this sometimes results in injury or death," zoo officials said in a statement.
In August, a rare set of Sumatra cubs were born successfully at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C.
The San Francisco Zoo also welcomed a new Sumatran tiger cub this year.
The San Diego Zoo Safari Park announced it was in the midst of a baby boom over the summer with babies available for park visitors to see.
The zoo has celebrated new lion cubs, a new elephant transferred from another zoo and the birth of a critically endangered lizard.