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Nov. 25, 2007
SANTA CLARA, Calif. - The Santa Clara women's basketball team returned to their winning ways Sunday afternoon as it defeated the 49ers of Long Beach State, 70-55, at the Leavey Center. With the win, the Broncos improved to 4-2 on the season, while the 49ers dropped to 1-3 overall.
Senior Jen Gottschalk posted her third game-leading performance with 26 points. The forward from Littleton, Colo., went 11-for-14 from the field and 2-for-2 from the charity stripe. Also posting double-figure points was redshirt junior Sara Majors. She registered 12 points and a game-best eight rebounds. Senior Tracey Walker had an all-around performance for the Broncos with nine points, seven rebounds and a game-high seven assists.
SCU plowed to a nine-point advantage, 11-2, in the first three minutes of the game on points from Gottschalk, Walker, Majors and Elizabeth Doran. Long Beach State tried to close the gap on a layup from Courtney Jacob and free throws from Lindsey Beckner, 13-7. However, the Broncos continued to push ahead and earned a 12-point edge, 22-10, on a three-point goal from Majors with 7:15 remaining.
Four straight points from Gottschalk within 23 seconds made the score 26-13 for Santa Clara. Gottschalk went 6-for-7 from the field in the first half. With 1:03 remaining in the first half, freshman Nicole Gall sunk a trey to give SCU their largest lead of the first half, 34-18. However, Karina Figueroa tacked on three more points for Long Beach State to make the final score of the first half, 34-21.
The Broncos returned for the break full of energy and continued to widen their lead. A layup from Majors made the score, 40-25 and with 13:05 on the clock, Majors struck again with a three-point goal to give Santa Clara its largest lead of the game, 45-25. Yet, the 49ers posted a 10-2 run on points from Ally Wade, Lauren Sims and Jacob to make the score, 47-35.
Sophomore Maggie Goldenberger aided in the Broncos dominance of the second half as she received a quick pass from Gottschalk to score a layup and make the score 49-35. A little less than a minute later, Goldenberger made a huge offensive rebound and nailed a jumper to give the Broncos a 16-point advantage, 51-35. She went 3-for-4 from the field in just nine minutes of action in the second half.
Long Beach State was not quite ready to give up and brought the score within nine points, 59-50, with 3:21 remaining in regulation. But SCU produced a 13-5 run to end the game, 70-55.
For the 49ers, Wade led the team with 15 points and seven rebounds, while Tyresha Calhoun tallied 12 points and Figueroa chipped in with 11 points.
The Broncos return to action on Thursday, Nov. 29 against the Gauchos of UC Santa Barbara. Tip off is scheduled for 7 p.m. at the Leavey Center.


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A joint initiative between the American Immigration Council and AILA seeks to change the playing field for immigrants facing deportation.
Register for AILA's National Day of Action (NDA) on April 11, 2019, to meet with members of Congress and share how the administration's immigration policy changes are harming American families, businesses, and communities.Register Now
AILA Doc. No. 13100104 | Dated October 1, 2013
AILA is pleased to announce the recipients of the "Pro Bono Heroes" quarterly awards. For Summer 2013, the AILA National Pro Bono Services Committee solicited nominations of individual AILA members as well as non-member attorneys covering four regions of the country. After considering all of the nominees, we are pleased to recognize the following individual AILA Pro Bono Heroes:
Northeast (CT, New England, NJ, NY, Ohio, and PA):
Jennifer Archer is a shareholder at Kelly, Remmel & Zimmerman in Portland and may just be the most committed and passionate pro bono immigration attorney in the state of Maine. Jennifer has dedicated thousands of hours to pro bono work that impacts immigrants in Maine, including ten years on the Immigrant Legal Advocacy Project (ILAP)'s pro bono asylum panel representing dozens of clients pro bono, recruiting and mentoring new attorneys, and presenting at ILAP trainings. She is also the president of ILAP's board of directors. Jennifer is currently pro bono co-counsel with the ACLU of Maine and Maine Equal Justice Partners in Bruns v. Mayhew, a class action law suit against the Maine Department of Health and Human Services, claiming that the agency committed equal protection violations in denying health care benefits to immigrants. The case is currently on appeal with the First Circuit.
Southeast (Carolinas, Florida, Georgia-Alabama, Mid-South, D.C. and Puerto Rico):
Prashant Khetan, one of our non-AILA member honorees, is a commercial litigation partner at the Washington D.C. office of Troutman Sanders, LLP. He was nominated for his generous work with the Tahirih Justice Center in Falls Church, Virginia. For more than 2 years, Prashant has represented survivors of domestic violence seeking asylum in immigration court. He has represented clients in two local immigration courts, and he has recently taken on additional research work to assist Tahirih in a third appeal of a domestic violence asylum case. As a partner at Troutman Sanders, Prashant has also used his stature to recruit other attorneys at his firm to engage in pro bono cases and to provide extraordinary legal services to other Tahirih Justice Center clients, none of whom could afford a private attorney and all of whom would suffer severe harm if removed.
Central (Canada, Chicago, Indiana, Iowa/Nebraska, Mexico City, Michigan, Minnesota/Dakotas, Missouri/Kansas, Texas, Wisconsin, Bangkok District & Rome District Chapters):
Chris Schlegel is an attorney with Miller and Johnson in Kalamazoo, Michigan, where she practices immigration law. She was nominated for her outstanding volunteer and pro bono efforts to help young immigrants apply for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. After DACA was created in 2012, Chris volunteered at almost every free DACA clinic in western Michigan, including five between the end of August and early November. She also personally represented individual DACA clients who could not otherwise afford legal counsel. Because of Chris's generosity with her time, the non-profit legal providers in Michigan can always count on her to attend clinics or other pro bono events. In addition to her work with DACA applicants, Chris has worked to provide pro bono legal assistance to many other indigent immigrants in western Michigan.
West (Arizona, Colorado, Hawaii, Nevada, Northern California, San Diego, Santa Clara, Southern California, Oregon, Utah, Washington):
Diana G. Fakhrai. Before opening her Los Angeles firm in 2010, Diana Fakhrai devoted untold hours to Catholic Charities' Esperanza Immigrants Rights Project. While serving Esperanza, Diana commuted long hours from Los Angeles to the now closed Mira Loma Detention Center in Lancaster, California. At Mira Loma, she assisted detained asylum seekers, lawful resident crime victims and others. She always ensured that immigrant detainees understood their rights. Diana gave not only her time; she often gave her own money to detainees' accounts to pay for documents critical to their defense. When Diana opened her own practice, she continued her pro bono service in many ways. She organized the HELP Legal Aid Program in Los Angeles, providing immigration counseling and assistance to the homeless. She has also contributed innumerable hours to AILA's New Member Division, AILA's Pro Bono Committee, and served as an EOIR liaison during her years as an AILA member. A hallmark of Diana's private practice is her generosity to all of her clients. She represents many pro bono clients before the EOIR and USCIS and remains a forceful advocate for immigrants' rights.
We applaud all of those who were nominated for their exemplary pro bono efforts, and especially congratulate our honorees for the Summer of 2013 Pro Bono Heroes!
Through the Pro Bono Heroes awards AILA recognizes individuals and organizations from across the country that embody the pro bono spirit, through promoting and contributing to pro bono work, taking on complex pro bono cases or handling a significant number of pro bono cases or pro bono hours.
Cite as AILA Doc. No. 13100104.
American Immigration Lawyers Association
1331 G Street NW, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20005
Copyright © 1993-2019
American Immigration Lawyers Association.

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Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. 2, by Edward Gibbon, [1781], at sacred-texts.com
The cruel and arbitrary disposition of Constantius, which did not always require the provocations of guilt and resistance, was justly exasperated by the tumults of his capital, and the criminal behavior of a faction, which opposed the authority and religion of their sovereign. The ordinary punishments of death, exile, and confiscation, were inflicted with partial vigor; and the Greeks still revere the holy memory of two clerks, a reader, and a sub-deacon, who were accused of the murder of Hermogenes, and beheaded at the gates of Constantinople. By an edict of Constantius against the Catholics which has not been judged worthy of a place in the Theodosian code, those who refused to communicate with the Arian bishops, and particularly with Macedonius, were deprived of the immunities of ecclesiastics, and of the rights of Christians; they were compelled to relinquish the possession of the churches; and were strictly prohibited from holding their assemblies within the walls of the city. The execution of this unjust law, in the provinces of Thrace and Asia Minor, was committed to the zeal of Macedonius; the civil and military powers were directed to obey his commands; and the cruelties exercised by this Semi- Arian tyrant in the support of the Homoiousion, exceeded the commission, and disgraced the reign, of Constantius. The sacraments of the church were administered to the reluctant victims, who denied the vocation, and abhorred the principles, of Macedonius. The rites of baptism were conferred on women and children, who, for that purpose, had been torn from the arms of their friends and parents; the mouths of the communicants were held open by a wooden engine, while the consecrated bread was forced down their throat; the breasts of tender virgins were either burnt with red-hot egg-shells, or inhumanly compressed betweens harp and heavy boards. 154 The Novatians of Constantinople and the adjacent country, by their firm attachment to the Homoousian standard, deserved to be confounded with the Catholics themselves. Macedonius was informed, that a large district of Paphlagonia 155 was almost entirely inhabited by those sectaries. He resolved either to convert or to extirpate them; and as he distrusted, on this occasion, the efficacy of an ecclesiastical mission, he commanded a body of four thousand legionaries to march against the rebels, and to reduce the territory of Mantinium under his spiritual dominion. The Novatian peasants, animated by despair and religious fury, boldly encountered the invaders of their country; and though many of the Paphlagonians were slain, the Roman legions were vanquished by an irregular multitude, armed only with scythes and axes; and, except a few who escaped by an ignominious flight, four thousand soldiers were left dead on the field of battle. The successor of Constantius has expressed, in a concise but lively manner, some of the theological calamities which afflicted the empire, and more especially the East, in the reign of a prince who was the slave of his own passions, and of those of his eunuchs: "Many were imprisoned, and persecuted, and driven into exile. Whole troops of those who are styled heretics, were massacred, particularly at Cyzicus, and at Samosata. In Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Galatia, and in many other provinces, towns and villages were laid waste, and utterly destroyed. 156
While the flames of the Arian controversy consumed the vitals of the empire, the African provinces were infested by their peculiar enemies, the savage fanatics, who, under the name of Circumcellions, formed the strength and scandal of the Donatist party. 157 The severe execution of the laws of Constantine had excited a spirit of discontent and resistance, the strenuous efforts of his son Constans, to restore the unity of the church, exasperated the sentiments of mutual hatred, which had first occasioned the separation; and the methods of force and corruption employed by the two Imperial commissioners, Paul and Macarius, furnished the schismatics with a specious contrast between the maxims of the apostles and the conduct of their pretended successors. 158 The peasants who inhabited the villages of Numidia and Mauritania, were a ferocious race, who had been imperfectly reduced under the authority of the Roman laws; who were imperfectly converted to the Christian faith; but who were actuated by a blind and furious enthusiasm in the cause of their Donatist teachers. They indignantly supported the exile of their bishops, the demolition of their churches, and the interruption of their secret assemblies. The violence of the officers of justice, who were usually sustained by a military guard, was sometimes repelled with equal violence; and the blood of some popular ecclesiastics, which had been shed in the quarrel, inflamed their rude followers with an eager desire of revenging the death of these holy martyrs. By their own cruelty and rashness, the ministers of persecution sometimes provoked their fate; and the guilt of an accidental tumult precipitated the criminals into despair and rebellion. Driven from their native villages, the Donatist peasants assembled in formidable gangs on the edge of the Getulian desert; and readily exchanged the habits of labor for a life of idleness and rapine, which was consecrated by the name of religion, and faintly condemned by the doctors of the sect. The leaders of the Circumcellions assumed the title of captains of the saints; their principal weapon, as they were indifferently provided with swords and spears, was a huge and weighty club, which they termed an Israelite; and the well-known sound of "Praise be to God," which they used as their cry of war, diffused consternation over the unarmed provinces of Africa. At first their depredations were colored by the plea of necessity; but they soon exceeded the measure of subsistence, indulged without control their intemperance and avarice, burnt the villages which they had pillaged, and reigned the licentious tyrants of the open country. The occupations of husbandry, and the administration of justice, were interrupted; and as the Circumcellions pretended to restore the primitive equality of mankind, and to reform the abuses of civil society, they opened a secure asylum for the slaves and debtors, who flocked in crowds to their holy standard. When they were not resisted, they usually contented themselves with plunder, but the slightest opposition provoked them to acts of violence and murder; and some Catholic priests, who had imprudently signalized their zeal, were tortured by the fanatics with the most refined and wanton barbarity. The spirit of the Circumcellions was not always exerted against their defenceless enemies; they engaged, and sometimes defeated, the troops of the province; and in the bloody action of Bagai, they attacked in the open field, but with unsuccessful valor, an advanced guard of the Imperial cavalry. The Donatists who were taken in arms, received, and they soon deserved, the same treatment which might have been shown to the wild beasts of the desert. The captives died, without a murmur, either by the sword, the axe, or the fire; and the measures of retaliation were multiplied in a rapid proportion, which aggravated the horrors of rebellion, and excluded the hope of mutual forgiveness. In the beginning of the present century, the example of the Circumcellions has been renewed in the persecution, the boldness, the crimes, and the enthusiasm of the Camisards; and if the fanatics of Languedoc surpassed those of Numidia, by their military achievements, the Africans maintained their fierce independence with more resolution and perseverance. 159
Such disorders are the natural effects of religious tyranny, but the rage of the Donatists was inflamed by a frenzy of a very extraordinary kind; and which, if it really prevailed among them in so extravagant a degree, cannot surely be paralleled in any country or in any age. Many of these fanatics were possessed with the horror of life, and the desire of martyrdom; and they deemed it of little moment by what means, or by what hands, they perished, if their conduct was sanctified by the intention of devoting themselves to the glory of the true faith, and the hope of eternal happiness. 160 Sometimes they rudely disturbed the festivals, and profaned the temples of Paganism, with the design of exciting the most zealous of the idolaters to revenge the insulted honor of their gods. They sometimes forced their way into the courts of justice, and compelled the affrighted judge to give orders for their immediate execution. They frequently stopped travellers on the public highways, and obliged them to inflict the stroke of martyrdom, by the promise of a reward, if they consented, and by the threat of instant death, if they refused to grant so very singular a favor. When they were disappointed of every other resource, they announced the day on which, in the presence of their friends and brethren, they should east themselves headlong from some lofty rock; and many precipices were shown, which had acquired fame by the number of religious suicides. In the actions of these desperate enthusiasts, who were admired by one party as the martyrs of God, and abhorred by the other as the victims of Satan, an impartial philosopher may discover the influence and the last abuse of that inflexible spirit which was originally derived from the character and principles of the Jewish nation.
The simple narrative of the intestine divisions, which distracted the peace, and dishonored the triumph, of the church, will confirm the remark of a Pagan historian, and justify the complaint of a venerable bishop. The experience of Ammianus had convinced him, that the enmity of the Christians towards each other, surpassed the fury of savage beasts against man; 161 and Gregory Nazianzen most pathetically laments, that the kingdom of heaven was converted, by discord, into the image of chaos, of a nocturnal tempest, and of hell itself. 162 The fierce and partial writers of the times, ascribing all virtue to themselves, and imputing all guilt to their adversaries, have painted the battle of the angels and daemons. Our calmer reason will reject such pure and perfect monsters of vice or sanctity, and will impute an equal, or at least an indiscriminate, measure of good and evil to the hostile sectaries, who assumed and bestowed the appellations of orthodox and heretics. They had been educated in the same religion and the same civil society. Their hopes and fears in the present, or in a future life, were balanced in the same proportion. On either side, the error might be innocent, the faith sincere, the practice meritorious or corrupt. Their passions were excited by similar objects; and they might alternately abuse the favor of the court, or of the people. The metaphysical opinions of the Athanasians and the Arians could not influence their moral character; and they were alike actuated by the intolerant spirit which has been extracted from the pure and simple maxims of the gospel.
A modern writer, who, with a just confidence, has prefixed to his own history the honorable epithets of political and philosophical, 163 accuses the timid prudence of Montesquieu, for neglecting to enumerate, among the causes of the decline of the empire, a law of Constantine, by which the exercise of the Pagan worship was absolutely suppressed, and a considerable part of his subjects was left destitute of priests, of temples, and of any public religion. The zeal of the philosophic historian for the rights of mankind, has induced him to acquiesce in the ambiguous testimony of those ecclesiastics, who have too lightly ascribed to their favorite hero the merit of a general persecution. 164 Instead of alleging this imaginary law, which would have blazed in the front of the Imperial codes, we may safely appeal to the original epistle, which Constantine addressed to the followers of the ancient religion; at a time when he no longer disguised his conversion, nor dreaded the rivals of his throne. He invites and exhorts, in the most pressing terms, the subjects of the Roman empire to imitate the example of their master; but he declares, that those who still refuse to open their eyes to the celestial light, may freely enjoy their temples and their fancied gods. A report, that the ceremonies of paganism were suppressed, is formally contradicted by the emperor himself, who wisely assigns, as the principle of his moderation, the invincible force of habit, of prejudice, and of superstition. 165 Without violating the sanctity of his promise, without alarming the fears of the Pagans, the artful monarch advanced, by slow and cautious steps, to undermine the irregular and decayed fabric of polytheism. The partial acts of severity which he occasionally exercised, though they were secretly promoted by a Christian zeal, were colored by the fairest pretences of justice and the public good; and while Constantine designed to ruin the foundations, he seemed to reform the abuses, of the ancient religion. After the example of the wisest of his predecessors, he condemned, under the most rigorous penalties, the occult and impious arts of divination; which excited the vain hopes, and sometimes the criminal attempts, of those who were discontented with their present condition. An ignominious silence was imposed on the oracles, which had been publicly convicted of fraud and falsehood; the effeminate priests of the Nile were abolished; and Constantine discharged the duties of a Roman censor, when he gave orders for the demolition of several temples of Phoenicia; in which every mode of prostitution was devoutly practised in the face of day, and to the honor of Venus. 166 The Imperial city of Constantinople was, in some measure, raised at the expense, and was adorned with the spoils, of the opulent temples of Greece and Asia; the sacred property was confiscated; the statues of gods and heroes were transported, with rude familiarity, among a people who considered them as objects, not of adoration, but of curiosity; the gold and silver were restored to circulation; and the magistrates, the bishops, and the eunuchs, improved the fortunate occasion of gratifying, at once, their zeal, their avarice, and their resentment. But these depredations were confined to a small part of the Roman world; and the provinces had been long since accustomed to endure the same sacrilegious rapine, from the tyranny of princes and proconsuls, who could not be suspected of any design to subvert the established religion. 167
The sons of Constantine trod in the footsteps of their father, with more zeal, and with less discretion. The pretences of rapine and oppression were insensibly multiplied; 168 every indulgence was shown to the illegal behavior of the Christians; every doubt was explained to the disadvantage of Paganism; and the demolition of the temples was celebrated as one of the auspicious events of the reign of Constans and Constantius. 169 The name of Constantius is prefixed to a concise law, which might have superseded the necessity of any future prohibitions. "It is our pleasure, that in all places, and in all cities, the temples be immediately shut, and carefully guarded, that none may have the power of offending. It is likewise our pleasure, that all our subjects should abstain from sacrifices. If any one should be guilty of such an act, let him feel the sword of vengeance, and after his execution, let his property be confiscated to the public use. We denounce the same penalties against the governors of the provinces, if they neglect to punish the criminals." 170 But there is the strongest reason to believe, that this formidable edict was either composed without being published, or was published without being executed. The evidence of facts, and the monuments which are still extant of brass and marble, continue to prove the public exercise of the Pagan worship during the whole reign of the sons of Constantine. In the East, as well as in the West, in cities, as well as in the country, a great number of temples were respected, or at least were spared; and the devout multitude still enjoyed the luxury of sacrifices, of festivals, and of processions, by the permission, or by the connivance, of the civil government. About four years after the supposed date of this bloody edict, Constantius visited the temples of Rome; and the decency of his behavior is recommended by a pagan orator as an example worthy of the imitation of succeeding princes. "That emperor," says Symmachus, "suffered the privileges of the vestal virgins to remain inviolate; he bestowed the sacerdotal dignities on the nobles of Rome, granted the customary allowance to defray the expenses of the public rites and sacrifices; and, though he had embraced a different religion, he never attempted to deprive the empire of the sacred worship of antiquity." 171 The senate still presumed to consecrate, by solemn decrees, the divine memory of their sovereigns; and Constantine himself was associated, after his death, to those gods whom he had renounced and insulted during his life. The title, the ensigns, the prerogatives, of sovereign pontiff, which had been instituted by Numa, and assumed by Augustus, were accepted, without hesitation, by seven Christian emperors; who were invested with a more absolute authority over the religion which they had deserted, than over that which they professed. 172
The divisions of Christianity suspended the ruin of Paganism; 173 and the holy war against the infidels was less vigorously prosecuted by princes and bishops, who were more immediately alarmed by the guilt and danger of domestic rebellion. The extirpation of idolatry 174 might have been justified by the established principles of intolerance: but the hostile sects, which alternately reigned in the Imperial court were mutually apprehensive of alienating, and perhaps exasperating, the minds of a powerful, though declining faction. Every motive of authority and fashion, of interest and reason, now militated on the side of Christianity; but two or three generations elapsed, before their victorious influence was universally felt. The religion which had so long and so lately been established in the Roman empire was still revered by a numerous people, less attached indeed to speculative opinion, than to ancient custom. The honors of the state and army were indifferently bestowed on all the subjects of Constantine and Constantius; and a considerable portion of knowledge and wealth and valor was still engaged in the service of polytheism. The superstition of the senator and of the peasant, of the poet and the philosopher, was derived from very different causes, but they met with equal devotion in the temples of the gods. Their zeal was insensibly provoked by the insulting triumph of a proscribed sect; and their hopes were revived by the well-grounded confidence, that the presumptive heir of the empire, a young and valiant hero, who had delivered Gaul from the arms of the Barbarians, had secretly embraced the religion of his ancestors.
154 Socrates, l. ii. c. 27, 38. Sozomen, l. iv. c. 21. The principal assistants of Macedonius, in the work of persecution, were the two bishops of Nicomedia and Cyzicus, who were esteemed for their virtues, and especially for their charity. I cannot forbear reminding the reader, that the difference between the Homoousion and Homoiousion, is almost invisible to the nicest theological eye.
155 We are ignorant of the precise situation of Mantinium. In speaking of these four bands of legionaries, Socrates, Sozomen, and the author of the acts of St. Paul, use the indefinite terms of, which Nicephorus very properly translates thousands. Vales. ad Socrat. l. ii. c. 38.
156 Julian. Epist. lii. p. 436, edit. Spanheim.
157 See Optatus Milevitanus, (particularly iii. 4,) with the Donatis history, by M. Dupin, and the original pieces at the end of his edition. The numerous circumstances which Augustin has mentioned, of the fury of the Circumcellions against others, and against themselves, have been laboriously collected by Tillemont, Mem. Eccles. tom. vi. p. 147-165; and he has often, though without design, exposed injuries which had provoked those fanatics.
158 It is amusing enough to observe the language of opposite parties, when they speak of the same men and things. Gratus, bishop of Carthage, begins the acclamations of an orthodox synod, "Gratias Deo omnipotenti et Christu Jesu . . . qui imperavit religiosissimo Constanti Imperatori, ut votum gereret unitatis, et mitteret ministros sancti operis famulos Dei Paulum et Macarium." Monument. Vet. ad Calcem Optati, p. 313. "Ecce subito," (says the Donatist author of the Passion of Marculus, "de Constantis regif tyrannica domo . . pollutum Macarianae persecutionis murmur increpuit, et duabus bestiis ad Africam missis, eodem scilicet Macario et Paulo, execrandum prorsus ac dirum ecclesiae certamen indictum est; ut populus Christianus ad unionem cum traditoribus faciendam, nudatis militum gladiis et draconum praesentibus signis, et tubarum vocibus cogeretur. Monument. p. 304.
159 The Histoire des Camisards, in 3 vols. 12mo. Villefranche, 1760 may be recommended as accurate and impartial. It requires some attention to discover the religion of the author.
160 The Donatist suicides alleged in their justification the example of Razias, which is related in the 14th chapter of the second book of the Maccabees.
161 Nullus infestas hominibus bestias, ut sunt sibi ferales plerique Christianorum, expertus. Ammian. xxii. 5.
162 Gregor, Nazianzen, Orav. i. p. 33. See Tillemont, tom vi. p. 501, qua to edit.
163 Histoire Politique et Philosophique des Etablissemens des Europeens dans les deux Indes, tom. i. p. 9.
164 According to Eusebius, (in Vit. Constantin. l. ii. c. 45,) the emperor prohibited, both in cities and in the country, the abominable acts or parts of idolatry. l Socrates (l. i. c. 17) and Sozomen (l. ii. c. 4, 5) have represented the conduct of Constantine with a just regard to truth and history; which has been neglected by Theodoret (l. v. c. 21) and Orosius, (vii. 28.) Tum deinde (says the latter) primus Constantinus justo ordine et pio vicem vertit edicto; siquidem statuit citra ullam hominum caedem, paganorum templa claudi.
165 See Eusebius in Vit. Constantin. l. ii. c. 56, 60. In the sermon to the assembly of saints, which the emperor pronounced when he was mature in years and piety, he declares to the idolaters (c. xii.) that they are permitted to offer sacrifices, and to exercise every part of their religious worship.
166 See Eusebius, in Vit. Constantin. l. iii. c. 54-58, and l. iv. c. 23, 25. These acts of authority may be compared with the suppression of the Bacchanals, and the demolition of the temple of Isis, by the magistrates of Pagan Rome.
167 Eusebius (in Vit. Constan. l. iii. c. 54-58) and Libanius (Orat. pro Templis, p. 9, 10, edit. Gothofred) both mention the pious sacrilege of Constantine, which they viewed in very different lights. The latter expressly declares, that "he made use of the sacred money, but made no alteration in the legal worship; the temples indeed were impoverished, but the sacred rites were performed there." Lardner's Jewish and Heathen Testimonies, vol. iv. p. 140.
168 Ammianus (xxii. 4) speaks of some court eunuchs who were spoliis templorum pasti. Libanius says (Orat. pro Templ. p. 23) that the emperor often gave away a temple, like a dog, or a horse, or a slave, or a gold cup; but the devout philosopher takes care to observe that these sacrilegious favorites very seldom prospered.
169 See Gothofred. Cod. Theodos. tom. vi. p. 262. Liban. Orat. Parental c. x. in Fabric. Bibl. Graec. tom. vii. p. 235.
170 Placuit omnibus locis atque urbibus universis claudi protinus empla, et accessu vetitis omnibus licentiam delinquendi perditis abnegari. Volumus etiam cunctos a sacrificiis abstinere. Quod siquis aliquid forte hujusmodi perpetraverit, gladio sternatur: facultates etiam perempti fisco decernimus vindicari: et similiter adfligi rectores provinciarum si facinora vindicare neglexerint. Cod. Theodos. l. xvi. tit. x. leg. 4. Chronology has discovered some contradiction in the date of this extravagant law; the only one, perhaps, by which the negligence of magistrates is punished by death and confiscation. M. de la Bastie (Mem. de l'Academie, tom. xv. p. 98) conjectures, with a show of reason, that this was no more than the minutes of a law, the heads of an intended bill, which were found in Scriniis Memoriae among the papers of Constantius, and afterwards inserted, as a worthy model, in the Theodosian Code.
171 Symmach. Epistol. x. 54.
172 The fourth Dissertation of M. de la Bastie, sur le Souverain Pontificat des Empereurs Romains, (in the Mem. de l'Acad. tom. xv. p. 75- 144,) is a very learned and judicious performance, which explains the state, and prove the toleration, of Paganism from Constantino to Gratian. The assertion of Zosimus, that Gratian was the first who refused the pontifical robe, is confirmed beyond a doubt; and the murmurs of bigotry on that subject are almost silenced.
173 As I have freely anticipated the use of pagans and paganism, I shall now trace the singular revolutions of those celebrated words. 1. in the Doric dialect, so familiar to the Italians, signifies a fountain; and the rural neighborhood, which frequented the same fountain, derived the common appellation of pagus and pagans. (Festus sub voce, and Servius ad Virgil. Georgic. ii. 382.) 2. By an easy extension of the word, pagan and rural became almost synonymous, (Plin. Hist. Natur. xxviii. 5;) and the meaner rustics acquired that name, which has been corrupted into peasants in the modern languages of Europe. 3. The amazing increase of the military order introduced the necessity of a correlative term, (Hume's Essays, vol. i. p. 555;) and all the people who were not enlisted in the service of the prince were branded with the contemptuous epithets of pagans. (Tacit. Hist. iii. 24, 43, 77. Juvenal. Satir. 16. Tertullian de Pallio, c. 4.) 4. The Christians were the soldiers of Christ; their adversaries, who refused his sacrament, or military oath of baptism might deserve the metaphorical name of pagans; and this popular reproach was introduced as early as the reign of Valentinian (A. D. 365) into Imperial laws (Cod. Theodos. l. xvi. tit. ii. leg. 18) and theological writings. 5. Christianity gradually filled the cities of the empire: the old religion, in the time of Prudentius (advers. Symmachum, l. i. ad fin.) and Orosius, (in Praefat. Hist.,) retired and languished in obscure villages; and the word pagans, with its new signification, reverted to its primitive origin. 6. Since the worship of Jupiter and his family has expired, the vacant title of pagans has been successively applied to all the idolaters and polytheists of the old and new world. 7. The Latin Christians bestowed it, without scruple, on their mortal enemies, the Mahometans; and the purest Unitarians were branded with the unjust reproach of idolatry and paganism. See Gerard Vossius, Etymologicon Linguae Latinae, in his works, tom. i. p. 420; Godefroy's Commentary on the Theodosian Code, tom. vi. p. 250; and Ducange, Mediae et Infimae Latinitat. Glossar.
174 In the pure language of Ionia and Athens were ancient and familiar words. The former expressed a likeness, an apparition (Homer. Odys. xi. 601,) a representation, an image, created either by fancy or art. The latter denoted any sort of service or slavery. The Jews of Egypt, who translated the Hebrew Scriptures, restrained the use of these words (Exod. xx. 4, 5) to the religious worship of an image. The peculiar idiom of the Hellenists, or Grecian Jews, has been adopted by the sacred and ecclesiastical writers and the reproach of idolatry has stigmatized that visible and abject mode of superstition, which some sects of Christianity should not hastily impute to the polytheists of Greece and Rome.


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For More Information on Turtle Wax Products, Click Here!
Having owned this car since 1972, Bill Croming has seen his coupe in several incarnations, but he hit a high water mark this time. He turned to Squeeg's Kustom in Mesa, AZ, for the build, which included a 500-horse 402 IR Rousch engine backed to a Richmond six-speed trans, an interior from Gabe Lopez, plating by Jon Wright's Custom Chrome and PPG paint applied by Doug Jerger.


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Space training is not all about mad afternoons in aerotrims and learning how to operate a can of Space Coke. On some days, it's about taking off your spacesuit and kicking it in hammocks in a birch forest.
Just ask Valery Kubasov (left) and Bertalan Farkas, training here for the 1980 Soviet mission Soyuz 36.
Hat tip to Scanzen.


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Metro State's Abby Rolph named RMAC preseason player of the year
Metro State senior Abby Rolph was named the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference preseason women's soccer player of the year on Tuesday.
Rolph, a midfielder who graduated from Golden High, scored eight goals and assisted on 10 more last season. She was named to both the NSCAA and Daktronics All-American third teams.
Colorado School of Mines junior Jayln Yates was named the preseason goalkeeper of the year, and teammate senior Nicho Cusack is the preseason defensive player of the year.
Mines was voted most likely to win the RMAC with 93 points in the coaches poll, followed by Metro State (91) and Regis (81).


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Most musicologists dealing with music of this period
agree that the compositions of this long-forgotten musical giant
approach or equal those of his contemporaries Bach, Handel, Vivaldi and Telemann in their advanced use of
counterpoint, their extreme demands on the players and singers, their ingenuity and resourcefulness, and their overall beauty.
To those with pre-conceived ideas of how 18th century music should sound,
much of Zelenka's music will seem timeless and unrestricted. Yet he was greatly inspired by the Italian masters of the 1500s and 1600s such as Palestrina and
Frescobaldi. As a result of his strong individuality within the baroque tradition, Zelenka's music holds many surprises.
Zelenka wrote instrumental music (including orchestral suites and chamber sonatas), a great amount of church music of various kinds,
and also religious music for the "stage". During Zelenka's final years, much of his music was inspired by Italian opera, which became fashionable in Dresden
about fifteen years before he died. No-one has yet heard all of his music, as some of it is unpublished. An ever-increasing proportion is being recorded.
These files have been contributed by regular visitors or forum members - for their interest value and to encourage possible perfomances or recordings.
If you wish to contribute, please send an e-mail to obtain information on how to upload your files.
Wolfgang Reich (Dresden) supplied valuable information and made several very useful suggestions. Johannes Agustsson (Iceland) continues to be a never-ending source of information and encouragement.
A special thanks to Karl W. Geck, Head of the Music Department, Sachsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und Universitatsbibliothek Dresden.
Thanks also to Roger Peters (UK) [website] for his enthusiasm and unselfish attitude to spreading the word about Zelenka. Thank you to Ales Kaderabek (Czech Republic) and Alex Went (UK) for supplying the photographs from Zelenka's birthplace.
I am very grateful to Avner Kenner (Israel) for testing and commenting on the database searches during their development. He also helped to find recordings and in interpretation of the music from Zelenka's manuscripts.
Vassilis Bolonassos of Swedish Radio (Sveriges Radio): thank you for playing Zelenka's Dixit Dominus (ZWV 68) in 1998. This website can be traced back to your desire to inspire people in your very own way.
ABOVE ALL, thank you to David Nelson (UK) for your wonderful intellectual contributions to this website (the CD Survey and the Timeline).
New issues are added regularly to the database of recordings. For the sake of the hungry collector,
recordings that have been deleted from the catalogue have been retained in the database.
Apart from the trumpet fanfares and shorter recordings duplicated on compilation CDs, this database is now fairly complete. Please send details of any early CDs that are still missing.
© 2002-2017 Alistair H. Kidd. All rights reserved.


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I've always wondered how do you find undocumented / private API ?
Example the Apple undocumented / private API, Play Station, Windows Phone 7, Win32 Kernel, Windows API, hidden callback, etc...
What tools do hackers use to find out about private and undocumented functions?
Where can I read about peoples' experiences delving into private APIs and reverse engineering techniques which reveal the secrets which are normally explained in API documentation?


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Maya and dedas playing with a stork
I just loveloveloveloving my kiddies.
Maya is just getting funnier with every day. It's too bad I never find time to write all the funny things she says.
Yesterday, as I was showing her a preview of her first year in the new photo book I am working on, she started asking me all these questions about the umbilical cord she saw in one of the baby pictures.
I've explained to her that the umbilical cord connects a baby in the womb to her mother and this way the baby gets all the "food" she needs from her mommy.
After that picture, Maya also saw another one of the stork, which our kind neighbors have given us as a gift when Maya was born.
She looked at the picture and ran off to daddy, screaming: "Daddy, daddy…now where is that Stork, which brought me to you? "


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And the way he moves his hands when he talks is pure magic.
and use my hands way to much when I talk.
You need to see Steve Ballmer talk, then. I'm surprised he hasn't dislocated his shoulders.He also dances like a monkey and sweats like a pig.
i love the slip case...i love the raised lettering...i love the snakeskin facade...i love the insert which details the realtionships between the characters...i love the amaray keep case...i dont like the cover underneath the slipcase....i love how both this and blue velvet picture a woman in a mans arm...i love the dvd disc art....i love the font they used on the back of the case to describe the bonus features....i love the critic quotes on the back..i dont like the synopsis on the back though.
Barry Gifford Appearing at Wild at Heart Screening in San Francisco's Clay Theatre on Saturday, October 21st For those of you in the San Francisco area, mark October 21st on your calendars, as the Clay Theatre will be screening Wild at Heart on the big screen. In addition, Barry Gifford will be there to take questions and sign autographs.http://landmarkafterdark.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=91&Itemid=2


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OK so the title probably would work better if you knew the film quote I'm spoofing (Sixth Sense), but there's something I've noted as I study Darwin's ideas in more detail and apply them to other areas of study.
Systemic evolution is everywhere - and it seems to me that if we allow creationists (and other prats) to diss biological evolution, we risk alienating people from learning from the mistakes of the past.
Darwin's basic idea - survival of the best adapted applies so widely it cannot be ignored, yet it often is.
Society, industry, technology, language... evolution could be the most important scientific concept we have - even outside of biology.
I wonder if any of you agree or disagree?
Views: 298
One-Hundred-Percent concur.
Bottom line: Evolution drives everything. Yeah.
Also ... uhhhh ... probably ... sex. Yeah sex & evolution. That's my answer.
As Darwin wasn't the discoverer of "Evolution" (the idea is thousands of years old), but the man who created the scientific theory of "Natural Selection" to explain speciation, the label is at best, misleading when applied to any other evolution concept than the one related to speciation.
"Society, industry, technology, language…"
"Lamarkian" is better suited to these, but …people probably wouldn't get it; seeing as most don't get Darwin either.
Sometimes when you overgeneralize a concept it loses explanatory power--something that means everything, means nothing. The theory of evolution is a very powerful explanatory concept in biology--it has observable mechanisms (population genetics, etc.) and considerable predictive (or retrodictive rather) success. Outside biology it just becomes kind of trivial--"that which survived, survived because it was best suited to survive"--then you come up with an untestable just-so story about that survival.
There have been attempts to apply a more or less strict "Darwinist" approach (e.g., selectionism or memetics) to science-up the study of human societies, but not with any interesting results.
As a caution, Creationists are often the worst about expanding evolutionary theory outside its portfolio. They like to point to things that evolution can't explain, like the origin of the universe, or the beginning of life. Of course these are things evolutionary theory was never intended to explain--no population, no evolution. So you don't want to set yourself up for that trap.
Well said.
Interesting. One of, what I thought at least, of Darwin's most powerful metaphors was comparing natural selection to shipbuilding. He was using it to explain how parts of the ship originally had other functions (many with nothing to do with ships) and had been co-opted, many times without conscious intention, into performing new functions. I'm unfortunately away from books right now so I don't have the passage handy. I'll update with a quote when I can find it.
Anyway, I don't see anything wrong with reversing Darwin's take as long as we recognize it as metaphor and respect the limitations it - like all metaphors- have. However, in at least one case, I think the comparison goes beyond metaphor and to what may well be a fundamental part of nature. That case being complexity evolving (the word evolve is used in a very general context here) from simpler beginnings over time. I can't think of single case from the origin of the universe to the origin of life to the origin of modern society where that is not the case. Maybe someone can came up with one and I'll have to rethink it, but for now anyway I'd say it is pretty universal.
Promised Reference. Origin of Species, Chapter 15. "When we no longer look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as something wholly beyond his comprehension; when we regard every production of nature as one which has had a long history; when we contemplate every complex structure and instinct as the summing up of many contrivances, each useful to the possessor, in the same way as any great mechanical invention is the summing up of the labour, the experience, the reason, and even the blunders of numerous workmen; when we thus view each organic being, how far more interesting- I speak from experience- does the study of natural history become!"
Side note: Hume used a very similar ship analogy dismissing the appearance of design in nature in "Diologues concerning Natural Religion"
I am definitely using "evolution" in a narrow but strong sense. If we mean evolution as "change through time" or even "descent with modification" it is generally applicable. But if we are talking about the capitalized Theory of Evolution (meaning the modern synthesis built on Darwin's insights), then we are talking about something specific, along the line of evolution being "changes in the gene frequency of a population". We do talk about processes like "social evolution" or "stellar evolution", but Darwinian insights into biological evolution aren't particularly germane in those cases (not even for so-called "social Darwinism"). There are different mechanisms and explanations in play.
As a metaphor, evolution is fine (depending on what you are trying to say). It's often a great metaphor. But the scientific Theory of Evolution isn't, at least in my opinion, a good scientific explanation outside the phenomena it is intended to explain (although it may be a good metaphor).
As for the tendency towards complexity being nearly universal, as a scientific theory, the theory of evolution is an explanation, while the progressive tendency of things to move from simple to complex is an empirical observation. It is something that the theory of evolution explains for biological populations, but is not itself part of the explanation. For example, a species could "simplify" in response to changing conditions (as human societies often do) without it being a problem for the Theory of Evolution. The Theory of Evolution is, at its heart, non-directional. We are not evolving towards something. Biological complexity is simply a result of selection working on populations with genetic histories.
Also the concept of evolution, as Richard Ewald (I don't know how to type sigmas) pointed out above, didn't start with Darwin. The simple==>complex movement is an observation that preceded Darwin, and there were theories of evolution to explain this that also preceded Darwin (like Lamarck). In a word, the simple==>complex observation isn't a specific contribution of the Theory of Evolution.
Hey MK,
I agree with your take on the specific/general use of the word evolution. So, do you think the metaphor might be too easily confused or maybe require so many qualifiers as to lose its descriptive economy?
As for the simple to complex observation, I didn't word it very well. I meant that if you encounter something of a great complexity (life, a galaxy) its earliest predecessor was something simpler (organic compounds, hydrogen gas). Which I think is pretty well explained by the 2nd law of thermodynamics, but I don't have a good way of simplifying that into everyday jargon (any suggestions would be appreciated). As far as not implying a teleological purpose in metaphor, I've really about given up. I mean when I say something along the lines of, "...and the electron sees this field and then it wants to move in that direction..." I get a bunch of "I UNDERSTAND" looks. On the other hand if I use the word the "cause" too much (applied potential differential causes field in the horizontal plane, field causes emf at 180 degrees..), I get a lot of blank stares. I used to preface it with an explanation that I would be giving the electron wants and desires but realize that it doesn't really have those, but even that took away some of the effectiveness. Now I just anthropomorphize at will and clean up any misunderstandings when questions come up.
My motivation is to take what I know of science and make it more accessible to people who haven't the time or inclination to do the background work. I think, beyond any doubt, the natural universe is more intriguing, more fascinating, more awe inspiring than any work of fiction I've ever come across and I want share that. Metaphors are powerful tools in the box, but I know if misused I can wind up losing the credibility of the message.
Seems that some of us are at crossed purposes here. The post (and the clue is in the title) is referring to general discussion - not specifics or context. I'm betraying my background as a tech writer with a bent towards making the complex more accessible.
I deal with people at both ends of this issue - those who are far more educated and insightful than I and those who know precisely nothing. My goal is to bridge that gap - and metaphor is a great way to do that.
Context is everything; and for brevity many writers assume (perhaps incorrectly) that the context is clear. I think the difficulty we're having here is that the audience is great and diverse. From professional scientists through science popularisers through to people who are still floundering.
Anthropomorphising something isn't correct - but it's easy for uneducated people to get a hold of. Uneducated does not mean stupid - it just means lacking in foundation.
In context, like JJ, I'll use anthropomorphisation freely in speech - but rarely, if ever, when I'm writing.
As a parallel, one of my editors hated contractions with such vengeance that, just for fun, we used to see just how awkward we could make phrases where contraction was clearly needed for brevity, let alone clarity. To this day, I'm not aware of any he let go to press - no matter how long winded and ugly we made them.
The point is, used with skill, the language tools at our disposal are powerful tools which aid understanding; but, when applied with blunt force they are counterproductive.
When presenting biological evolution, for instance, I might make reference to the common ancestry between birds and reptiles. As children love poop stories, I make great effort to draw the parallels between the two digestive tracts - that is, what comes out - and show how science used this to figure out that the two vastly different creatures share some common ancestry.
Which is to say, I talk a lot of shit. ;-)
JJ, I am not disagreeing--my problem with applying the theory of evolution outside biology is only when it is done literally, not metaphorically, e.g. that the evolution of human society can literally be studied in Darwinian terms, which is not your point. You definitely need metaphors and analogs to teach new concepts, just as entry points--giving people something to hang on to while trying to understand something foreign. What makes a good metaphor is an interesting topic, and obviously depends on your audience. With Creationists you need to be extra cautious, since they are people who, almost by definition, think very, very literally--one could argue their whole problem is taking metaphors literally.
I can see where if you are dealing with a particularly unsophisticated group, it might be wise to explicitly bracket your metaphors to avoid going down rabbit holes--"I am now using a metaphor. I am using it in this way to illustrate this concept"..." I have now stopped using the metaphor".
I didn't mean to imply you were being teleological in bringing up increasing complexity. Teleological or not, it is more or less an empirical fact. I was just saying it wasn't a particular contribution of the theory of evolution (ToE from now on). ToE does explain it (although doesn't require it). It is a difficult observation to talk about without implying teleology, and without resorting to accurate but incomprehensible jargon. And teleology is built into popular ideas of evolution--e.g., some people are "more evolved" (whatever the hell THAT means) than others, or we are evolving towards some goal. Star Trek was awful that way.
ToE is difficult to explain simply because so many people think they understand it and there are so many popular misconceptions about it. Threading the needle between bible thumping Creationist and crystal-gazing New Age understandings of evolution can be a trick.
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Eric Jaffe
Eric Jaffe is the former New York bureau chief for CityLab. He is the author of A Curious Madness and The King's Best Highway.
Trees can do a lot for a city. From an environmental perspective, they improve air quality and also reduce temperatures, leading to lower energy consumption. From an economic one, they've been tied to increased property value, particularly in highly walkable neighborhoods. From a psychological view, urban trees even have an incredible restorative effect on our attention.
But cities aren't doing much for their trees in return. In fact, urban America is losing tree cover at a steady rate, according to a study published in the latest issue of the journal Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. Using aerial photographs to compare changes over time in 20 major U.S. cities, researchers David Nowak and Eric Greenfield of the U.S.D.A. Forest Service found that tree coverage is on the decline, while impervious cover — roads, buildings, sidewalks, and the like — is on the rise:
Tree cover in 17 of the 20 analyzed cities had statistically significant declines in tree cover, while 16 cities had statistically significant increases in impervious cover. … City tree cover was reduced, on average, by about 0.27 percent/yr, while impervious surfaces increased at an average rate of about 0.31 percent/yr.
Nowak and Greenfield collected recent digital aerial images for at least 1,000 random points in 20 large American cities, and coupled them with images at the same points from roughly 5 years earlier. Trained photo interpreters then classified the various types of coverage at each point: tree coverage, grass coverage, building coverage, and so on.
Their subsequent analysis showed clear trends away from tree coverage and toward impervious coverage. All but three of the cities had a statistically significant loss in tree coverage, with two others showing a non-significant loss (essentially no change). Houston (3 percent) and Albuquerque (2.7 percent) suffered some of the biggest loses. Only Syracuse showed a gain in tree coverage — and that of 1 percent.
Atlanta has a great deal of urban tree cover, but that canopy is dwindling by the day. Across the study the city lost 1.8 percent of its coverage. Here's a look at Atlanta in April of 2005 (make a special note of that center square):
And that same spot in April of 2010:
The average tree coverage for all 20 cities fell 1.5 percent, with an average annual loss of .37 percent a year. Those figures include the outliers of New Orleans and Detroit, which endured Hurricane Katrina and an emerald ash borer infestation, respectively. (New Orleans suffered the biggest tree coverage decrease, losing more than 9 percent of its canopy.) Even removing those outliers, the average tree coverage fell about 1 percent in the remaining 18 cities, at an average decline of .27 percent a year.
Here's New Orleans in 2005:
Then again in 2009:
Meanwhile impervious coverage rose in 16 of the 20 cities over that same period, with four others (Syracuse, Chicago, Pittsburgh, and New Orleans) showing no change. Tacoma, Washington, had the greatest impervious increase, at 3.6 percent, following by Baltimore, Kansas City, and Spokane (roughly 2 percent each). The average rise for the 18 non-outlier cities was 1.4 percent, for an annual average increase of .31 percent.
The 20 major cities chosen by Nowak and Greenfield didn't technically constitute a random sample of urban America. So the researchers also took a true random sample of 1,000 urban geographical points in the United States and compared aerial photos of coverage there as well. They found a difference in degree, but not kind: on average, cities lost .2 percent of tree cover and gained 2.8 percent of impervious cover. Using those numbers, the researchers estimate an average net loss in U.S. cities of about 4 million trees a year.
Nowak and Greenfield recognize that many U.S. cities have implemented tree-planting campaigns that may slow, if not arrest the canopy decline. Those programs have almost certainly kept the situation from being much worse. Still they recommend that city residents interested in maintaining tree coverage take advantage of digital tools like i-Tree Canopy, which allows anyone to interpret canopy change using Google images. Without more regeneration projects and greater civic vigilance, urban tree loss stands to continue, the authors conclude:
Despite various and likely limited tree planting and protection campaigns, tree cover tends to be on the decline in U.S. cities while impervious cover is on the increase. While these individual campaigns are helping to increase or reduce the loss of urban tree cover, more widespread, comprehensive and integrated programs that focus on sustaining overall tree canopy may be needed to help reverse the trend of declining tree cover in cities. … Developing coordinated healthy tree canopy programs across various land ownerships can help sustain desired tree cover levels and better manage cover change.
Many thanks to the authors Nowak and Greenfield for providing the above images: Atlanta courtesy U.S.D.A. Farm Service Agency Aerial Photography Field Office; New Orleans via Google Earth.
As a controversy over vacancy in the Bay Area and Los Angeles reveals, advocates disagree about what kind of housing should be built, and where.
It's never been easy to design a map of the city's underground transit network. But soon, critics say, legibility concerns will demand a new look.
A Marin County lawsuit has conservatives and housing advocates preparing to face off over the constitutionality of a powerful affordable housing tool.
For some kids, the weekly trash pickup is a must-see spectacle. Parents, children, waste-management professionals, and experts on childhood all offer theories as to why.
The Western New York city possesses a distinct mix of weather, geography, and infrastructure that could make it a potential climate haven. But for whom?


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State of Kansas
Classic rock icon Kansas will take the stage at Nutty Jerry's in Winnie on Friday, April 22 with doors opening at 7 p.m. Advance tickets are $33 and can be purchased online at nuttyjerrys.com, charge by phone at (877) 643-7508 or at the facility.
Three of the original members still remain with the group including Phil Ehart (drums), Steve Walsh (vocals, keyboard) and Rich Williams (lead guitar) and other members include Billy Greer (bass), who joined Kansas in 1986, and David Ragsdale (violin).
Self-described as a group of high school buddies, they were signed by the late Don Kirshner in 1973 and have enjoyed a career that spans nearly 40 years with a collection of 27 albums, which includes 14 studio albums, seven compilations and six live records.
The band caught fire in the 1970s with hits such as "Carry on Wayward Son," "Point of Know Return," "People of the South Wind" and "Dust in the Wind."
Kansas continued to make powerful records in the 80s like "Fight Fire with Fire," "Play the Game Tonight," "All I Wanted," "Chasing Shadows," "Everybody's My Friend," "Power" and "Stand Beside Me."
The band continues to play select dates and just last year, they went on the Collegiate Symphony Tour, which was a two-month long, nationwide tour in which Kansas performed with the symphony of each college to raise money for music departments. They also recorded the live CD/DVD There's Know Place Like Home.
Guitarist Rich Williams spoke with The Examiner and about how the group came together, funny nicknames and the future of Kansas.
When did you first pick up a guitar?
It was the first summer between my sophomore and junior year in high school. Learning to play came fairly easy. I took lessons down at a music store.
Any influences?
When I first heard the album 'Blues Breakers with Eric Clapton,' it had such a huge voice to me and it really rained lighting to me.
How'd the group come together?
We all went to high school together. Dave (Hope, original bassist) actually moved into my neighborhood. We all hung out at the same music stores and back then, they were a big thing and were thriving. There were garage bands on every block in Topeka and everyone I knew played in a band. For some people, it was a passing interest. I remember when I saw the Beatles on the 'Ed Sullivan Show,' I knew this is what I wanted to do.
Being from the state, was it natural to name the band Kansas?
Most of the guys had been in a band called Kansas and Kerry was still in that band when we got our record deal. When we signed, we were White Clover and we didn't want to be White Clover.
You eventually went from sharing guitar duties to having lead. Any added pressure to becoming lead guitarist?
Kerry (Livgren, original member) played guitar and keyboard so it wasn't that big of a switch. It really depended on the song, but it wasn't a big deal to have lead.
Of all the accomplishments, what are you most proud of?
Probably the symphony work. If one thing my mother could have seen, I wish it would have been that. We come a long way from practicing in the basement to playing with a symphony.
How did you earn the nickname Slime 'The Mole' Jelly?
Where did you hear that? Only a few of my friends know that (laughter). We made up fictitious blues names so I don't know where you would have heard that because it was just among a hand full of friends. I can tell you this if your name was Slime Jelly, then you need a nickname like the Mole. It was really just a spoof on early blues names.
Will fans ever hear any new Kansas material?
Artistically, I would love to do it and we talk about it from time to time. Steve and Kerry were the big writers for us and they have no interest in writing any new material. A large reason for that is, who cares? You would have to take a year off and pour your heart into a record that radio isn't going to play. Take for instance the Rolling Stones. They go to Brazil and sell out soccer stadiums, but if they were to put out a new record, it wouldn't sell like they are used to selling It's just the nature of the beast.
After all these years, you still having fun?
This is easy. I know what real work is and this isn't it. Last weekend I left on Friday and came home on Sunday afternoon. We are going to Europe later this year with Foreigner and Journey, so I'm really looking forward to that and then traveling to Japan in August. We don't overwork ourselves by doing 20 shows in a row.


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Tony Gillis
Tony Gillis got his start at River Sound working on Steely Dan records and training under heavyweights like Roger Nichols and Elliot Scheiner. Tony moved on to become a mastering engineer at the legendary Hit Factory in NYC. In early 2008 Tony joined The Cutting Room as our chief mastering engineer. Tony's work (Prince, Jay-Z, 3 Doors Down, The Postal Service) speaks of his diversity and talents and we are thrilled to have him as part of our team.
All mastering and production is done by Tony himself to ensure that each project is completed to the highest professional quality.


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We're helping technology customers streamline their supply chains, squeeze out costs, improve CO2 efficiency and go to market faster - whether it's bringing semiconductors from Asia to Europe in a more efficient way,
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Life Sciences & Healthcare
Life Sciences & Healthcare
Faced with volatile economies, fluctuating market conditions, new product profiles, and changing demographics, the Life Sciences & Healthcare (LSHC) sector is accelerating its focus on driving supply chain transformation. It is looking for increased efficiency, trying to establish channels for growth in new and emerging markets, addressing global compliance requirements, and readily managing M&A integrations.Read more
Global networks of LSHC grade infrastructure and their highly standardized operational excellence, dedicated people, and sector-specific processes, are increasingly sought after as partners, whilst speed to market and supply chain assurance are generating more intense and symbiotic supplier-partner
relationships. To meet the challenging market requirements of the LSHC sector today and in the future, DHL has invested in its global network over the last years and built over 100 GxP dedicated and multi-client warehouses, 32 clinical trials depots, 28 Air Freight Competence Centers and 4 European cross-docks. As a result, our network enables enterprise globalization and market entry.
Our infrastructure has allowed our operating companies to develop customized service offerings for the LSHC sector in each of our product categories. Further investment will continue throughout the years to come. This is part of our sector approach for the LSHC industry.
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The energy industry comprises of all activities involved in extracting, processing and distributing natural resources to create energy. While it includes alternative energy sources, it is dominated by the production of petroleum and natural gas, and these capital projects tend to operate in harsh and challenging conditions, often in remote, difficult to access areas.Read more
Today's energy market is more dynamic than ever. Rising demand on resources has made competition more intense. In the face of these challenges, energy companies are redefining their business models with a view to outsourcing their non-core activities, whilst balancing risks and costs.
As a broad industry sector, energy is made up of a number of key subsectors, including upstream oil & gas, downstream oil & gas, energy mining, power & utilities and renewables. At DHL, we know about the sector and its trends and have therefore a global team of sector specialists who understand the needs and concerns of the energy industry and can offer smart and simple solutions. We work closely with customers to optimize their complex supply chains and manage logistics costs better, so our customers can focus on their core activities. DHL's safety strategy is anchored by a health, safety, security and environment (HSSE) vision of Target Zero, and we apply the same exacting HSSE and compliance standards as the energy industry itself.
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The Automotive industry enters into a new era where people are seeking more freedom and mobility. The demand for mobility grows each year in emerging countries.Read more
In the industrialized countries it is already a way of life. This means that despite market challenges, a positive future is expected for the sector! The automotive industry is getting more competitive, more global and more technological. Building sustainable and competitive advantages is a must.
For this reason, DHL has established an automotive sector with expert teams, processes and value added services that are geared towards finding innovative ways to reduce costs and inefficiencies, while increasing supply chain quality and customer satisfaction.
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Engineering & Manufacturing
Engineering & Manufacturing
The larger industrial manufacturers have supply chains which depend on production parts, systems, and components being manufactured in one country or region and moved to another country/region for the next step in the production process. That means a more expensive and complex supply chain and a need for more sophisticated solutions and technology.Read more
Engineering & Manufacturing is quite a diverse sector with four individual sub-sectors where each one is a sector in itself. DHL understands the unique logistical challenges facing industrial, engineering and manufacturing companies. We provide a range of services that help align logistics operations with our customers' business strategies.
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Four things you didn't know about NFL ref Ed Hochuli
In an NFL season where the officials have been the main story of the first four weeks, Ed Hochuli has been even more in the limelight than ever. Known for his physique and loquacious on-field explanations, Hochuli graces the cover of this week's Sports Illustrated in a feature about the return of the league's regular refs.
Throughout his reporting of the piece, writer Steve Rushin uncovered a few facts that most people didn't know about the 61-year-old Phoenix resident.
1) Hochuli's grandchildren have their own football-related nickname for him.
The referee's ten grandchildren refer to him as "Papa T," which is short for Papa Touchdown. Hochuli can be sure that he'll be hearing that nickname plenty on the field in weeks to come.
2) He spends 100 hours a week on the job, splitting 50 hours each between his law firm and his NFL duties.
The Canadian man who won $725,000 on the officiating error in the Week 3 Green Bay - Seattle game should be thankful that the replacement officials didn't work quite so hard.
3) The man known for his massive biceps has no idea how much weight he can bench press.
Despite spending two hours a day in the gym, Hochuli told the magazine "I don't know how much I can lift because if I can't lift it six times I'll reduce the weight. I don't want to lift 300 pounds. At my age, my joints can't take it."
4) Hochuli has an affinity for Cheetos.
He claims the snack food is his "Kryptonite" while maintaining an otherwise strict diet, saying that "You'll know why," if his uniform is ever covered in orange dust. We'd rather see him dance like this at midfield.


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- About Us
- Services
- Pre-Plan
- Veterans
- Resources
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- About Us
- Services
- Pre-Plan
- Veterans
- Resources
Contact Us
The Christiansen family has been proud to be a part of the community for six generations... and we are dedicated to providing affordable funeral, burial, and cremation services. We're proud to offer everything that other area mortuaries can... except for the high price. Loyal to my Danish heritage and our frugal traditions, I personally guarantee the lowest funeral, cremation, and burial prices. Period ! So that you don't have to sacrifice quality over cost.
Founded on affordability, dedicated to dignity. Over the years we've watched funeral and cremation prices continue to rise to the point of average funeral expenses exceeding $10,000 and families choosing simple cremation being charged upwards of $4000. We proudly offer simple cremation from as little as $995 and complete funerals for less than $5000… in fact we pioneered affordable and sensible pricing for funerals in Michigan so that you don't have to sacrifice quality over cost.
Lowest prices. Period ! Simply claiming to be the lowest priced in town doesn't mean its true… as some area families have sadly discovered the hard way. We welcome the opportunity to meet, beat, or match any written or advertised price from local competitors. While others may advertise cheaper prices, they don't tell you about other hidden charges or add-on fees until after your loved one is in their custody or that the funeral price doesn't include a casket and vault or that you'll need to drive to Detroit or Flint to complete the arrangements and pick-up your loved ones' urn.
Worry-Free Cremation™ We were the first in the state to offer this exclusive process that tracks and documents the care of your loved one throughout the entire cremation process so you never have to wonder if that's really Mom or Dad in the urn. In fact, we are so confident in the process that we duplicate many of the same procedures for those choosing burial. Unlike other mortuaries, we personally manage every aspect of the care of your loved one and never use contract transport services.
Family Owned and Locally Operated. Unlike many others, we don't hide who owns our business or operate from a post office box. We're not your neighborhood mortician pretending to be a cremation society only to pull the typical undertaker's bait and switch and try to sell you things you don't want or need. As a fully equipped state licensed and inspected establishment we can provide everything your local mortuary can… except for the high price. Our professional staff of caregivers live, worship, shop, pay taxes, and volunteer in the communities we serve. We are proud to help our friends and neighbors and welcome all faiths, beliefs, cultures, and nationalities.
Veterans Funeral Care™ Since 2007 we've been honored to be the exclusive provider of Veterans Funeral Care™ for all of West Michigan, offering discounted funeral and cremation plans for Veterans and their families. Our staff has been specially trained to handle every detail of a veterans funeral including benefits and financial assistance.
For a free brochure and educational packet, simply e-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com or call us toll-free at 1-877-838-6424. There is absolutely no cost or obligation for this helpful information.
Directly order flowers, view and sign the condolences book, share memories and more to celebrate lives of those dearly missed.
Take a few moments to express your wishes now and help to ease the burden on your loved ones.
A collection of answers to questions that people often have when arranging for a funeral.


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George Romney
English, 1734–1802
Portrait of a Man in Blue Coat, c. 1780
oil on canvas
75.9 x 64 cm
Collection of the Winnipeg Art Gallery; Gift of Mr. William G. Rait
After art studies in London and regular participation in the Society of Arts and the Free Society exhibitions, Romney travelled to Italy where he spent two years making copies after the Antique and the Old Masters. At the height of his career George Romney was considered one of London's most fashionable portrait painters, though he also aspired to be a history painter. By the 1770s his services were in great demand, and he frequently worked without the aid of preliminary studies to keep up with the commissions. Romney was drawn to the Neoclassical style and succeeded in incorporating classical elements such as the poses, settings, extravagant drapery, and dramatic lighting. These classical elements can be seen in this half-length portrait, where the sitter's face is dramatically lighted and seen against a dark-coloured mantle and golden-brown backdrop.
Gallery Hours
- Tuesday 11am-5pm
- Wednesday 11am-5pm
- Thursday 11am-5pm
- Friday 11am-9pm
- Saturday 11am-5pm
- Sunday 11am-5pm
- Closed Monday