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Russian Indigenous communities clean up Rusvietpetros oil spill as company does nothing
by Laura Kenyon
June 5, 2013
On May 26, oil began flowing down the Kolva River through Komi Indigenous land in Northern Russia. For a week now the oil has been coating the river and building up on the banks, with no reaction from Rusvietpetro, the joint venture company of VietPetro and Zarubezhneft, a state-controlled Russian oil company, and no cleanup being organised by the company or even the local authorities.
There has not been a word to the communities about how they will clean up the spill, not a word to their investors that the spill is even happening, and almost zero coverage by local and national media. And now the oil has reached the Pechora River, which flows into the Arctic Ocean.
Greenpeace Russia obtained photos from allies at the Save the Pechora Committee, an organisation that is on the ground there now, documenting the spill and the Komi Indigenous Peoples who are being forced to clean it up themselves. They have no idea how much oil has already spilled into their waterways, but based on the number of barrels theyve filled already and the amount of oil left, they estimate it at 100 tonnes, or roughly 730 barrels.
The local residents contacted the authorities for answers but they did nothing to address the residents fears. Instead it took until May 28 for a public meeting to be held between residents, regional representative of the Ministry of Natural Resources and local government officials.
The meeting was not to announce the administrations plan to deal with this oil spill that was endangering the health and drinking supply of the local people instead, the Head of Usinsk District, Alexander Tian, announced to the residents If you do not want to breath in oil fumes, you should take a boat out and remove the oil yourself! According to one resident who was there, he then offered 10,000 rubles per barrel of oil that people collected (approximately 250 euros).
And so the local people and their children ventured out into the toxic rivers in their own small boats to clean the collected oil from the river with their own hands. Many of them had barely anything to protect themselves from the oil; images collected by a local activist show everyone and everything is covered, and some even handled the oil with bare hands.
Then when they began to deliver barrels full of the spilled oil, they say the company refused to pay them. Their strange excuse was that the oil the residents had brought did not belong to the company identified as responsible for the accident, Rusvietpetro, but belonged to Lukoil, another company that operates in the area. Finally yesterday the company relented, and began to pay the locals for the oil they recovered.
While all this went on, the administration continued to pretend as if everything was fine and Rusvietpetro did not react at all. When asked about the response to the accident, the administration claimed that an oil boom and sandbags were in place and the accident was being dealt with. But the oil boom placed on the Kolva River was only 15 meters long and the river can reach between 100 and 200 meters in width. Local activists took photographs of the sandbags, sitting useless in piles along the banks of the river.
Despite the administrations insistence that it was responding appropriately, oil continued to flow down the Kolva River for 100 kilometres, eventually reaching the Pechora River and contaminating a further 70 kilometres of this river, which flows north, carrying this sub-Arctic oil mess back up towards the Arctic Ocean.
Local state and regional media in Russia are not free to disclose details of the situation. According to one journalist working there, they received a specific order not to report on this incident, and the administration itself only made a public statement after pressure from residents and Greenpeace Russia. If it werent for local activists and residents documenting the accident and sharing information with Greenpeace Russia and others, its possible that no one would know this was happening. This is the standard operating procedure for oil companies like Rusvietpetro in remote regions of Russia like Komi spill and ignore.
Compared to famous oil disasters like theDeepwater Horizonthis is a relatively small spill and it is in an area that is accessible to cleanup crews (not that there are any). Despite this and the infrastructure available to authorities, they did nothing to stop this oil. It is still flowing. The local Komi people are still breathing the terrible fumes.
According to a local representative of the Ministry for Emergency Situations: A mitigation plan for the oil spills has been put into operation, but we dont have it. Ask Rusvietpetro [the company, blamed for the oil spill] for it. We asked the local people to clean the oil, since they have small boats that can operate in shallow waters. Rusvietpetro remains silent.
This incident shows clearly how impotent the local and particularly foreign companies are to address any accident that occurs as the result of a joint venture. And as oil companies prospect for weaker regulations in Russia, joint ventures in the area like the spills are become increasingly popular.
What makes this even scarier is that Zarubezhneft, the company that controls 51% of Rusvietpetro, can be awarded licenses to drill in the Russian Arctic according to Russian legislation. There are only two other companies who have this right Rosneft and Gazprom. On June 3, as Rusvietpetros oil continued to flow down the Kolva, theRussian Minister of Natural Resources commentedthat this company could very soon receive license to drill in the Arctic, specifically in the Barents Sea.
If Rusvietpetro and the Russian authorities cant deal with or dont wish to deal with even this comparatively small accidentonshore, its scary to imagine how they will deal with an accident in the Russian Arctic, hundreds of miles away from civilization and in dangerous conditions of ice and Arctic storms.
Help us keep these companies from destroying the Arctic too.Join us.

subset: commoncrawl


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Grimes hits back in photo flap
The stock photo war of 2014 escalated in Kentucky on Thursday night, as Alison Lundergan Grimes' campaign attacked Sen. Mitch McConnell's team for using European stock photos in three Facebook posts.
Republicans seized on an afternoon POLITICO report that the Democratic Kentucky Senate candidate released a newspaper ad featuring a picture of a Ukrainian male model pretending to be a coal miner. Grimes' campaign says it was a mistake by its design firm that was caught before the ad appeared in newspapers.
Story Continued Below
It turns out that an image accompanying a McConnell Facebook post about President Barack Obama's "war on coal" in January was of a power plant in Athens, Greece, licensed from the web site Shutterstock.
( Also on POLITICO: Grimes' miner? A European model)
An April Facebook post touting the National Rife Association's endorsement of the Senate minority leader was accompanied by a picture from a Danish photographer of what is likely a Danish hunter.
A separate post about the Second Amendment in November, meanwhile, used a photo that appeared earlier on a Slovenian tourism web site.
"By the McConnell campaign's logic, his support for the Second Amendment is so fake he has to rely on a hunter from Denmark and a gun from Slovenia to prove he is more than just a CPAC laugh line," said Grimes spokesman Preston Maddock, referring to McConnell coming on stage at a conservative conference with a musket earlier this year. "Evidently Mitch McConnell's team would rather drum up a fake scandal about an ad that did not run than admit their mistake and talk about the issues important to Kentuckians."
The McConnell campaign laughed off the attacks as desperate, drawing a distinction between paid media and something on Facebook.
"If Alison Lundergan Grimes thinks that sorting through Facebook will cover up her inability to tell the difference between a Kentucky coal miner and a European male model then she's in for a long election," said McConnell spokeswoman Allison Moore. "The reality is that she supported [President Barack] Obama's war on coal right up until she became a candidate and the European male model is a perfect symbol of her inauthentic support for Kentucky coal."


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Vidor man arrested in officer-related shooting
According to reports from Orange County Sheriff's Office Public Information Officer Sgt. Chad Hogan, the agency received a call about 3:30 a.m. Sept. 1 that consequently ended with a detective's firearm being discharged.
The caller reported a burglary in progress at the Super Stop Convenient Store located at 2590 North Highway 105 in Vidor.
"An on-duty sheriff's office detective was in the area and responded to the location," Hogan stated. "On arrival, the detective located the subject who was attempting to burglarize the store.
"The detective gave several verbal commands to the suspect, who refused to cooperate. The detective attempted to facilitate a lawful arrest when the subject became combative. The suspect then charged at the detective with a claw hammer at which time the detective tased the suspect. The Taser apparently did not affect the individual as he pulled the Taser leads out of his body and continued to resist arrest."
At that point, the situation escalated, he said.
"The detective tried several more attempts to subdue the subject, who was apparently under the influence of an unknown substance," Hogan stated. He later reported the substance was possibly bath salts. "The detective was able to get him on the ground and was holding him at gunpoint when the suspect reached and grabbed the barrel of the detective's weapon and a struggle ensued.
"Several commands were given by the detective to release the weapon but the suspect refused. The detective felt in fear of his life as the suspect was gaining control of his weapon. The detective then fired a single shot from the weapon, striking the suspect in the abdomen."
The suspect, subsequently identified as 32-year-old Vidor resident Kerry Dale Hampshire, was transported to Christus St. Elizabeth Hospital where he was treated for his injury and released to the Orange County Correctional Facility where he has been charged with Attempting to Take a Weapon from a Peace Officer, a third degree felony offense. Bond has not been set at this time. More charges will possibly be filed in the future upon completion of the investigation, Hogan stated.
The sheriff's office hasn't released the detective's name who involved in the shooting, and won't, according to Hogan, "until the investigation is complete."
The Texas Rangers, along with the Orange County District Attorney's Office and Sheriff's Office, are conducting the investigation.


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The Accounting Historians Journal Vol. 19, No. 2 December 1992
Z. Jun Lin
Abstract: This paper examines the origination and evolution of Chi-nese double-entry bookkeeping from the fifteenth century to eigh-teenth century. It demonstrates that Chinese merchants and bankers invented some types of double-entry spontaneously around the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Several different versions of Chinese double-entry existed and evolved throughout this period to the nineteenth century. Chinese versions of double-entry are similar to Italian-style bookkeeping, although Chinese experience was inde-pendent of the dissemination of the Western methods.
Double-entry bookkeeping, with "Debit" and "Credit" as en-try direction labels, prevails throughout most of the world. It is widely believed that the invention of double-entry bookkeeping brought about the birth of modern accounting [Littleton, 1966; Ten Have, 1976; Robertson, 1978; Parker, 1984]. In fact, this bookkeeping method constitutes the foundation of modern ac-counting over the past six centuries. Even in today's high-tech, information-revolution era, double-entry bookkeeping remains the core of the EDP accounting system.1 The significance and implications of double-entry bookkeeping have been recognized by much research and accounting literature [Kat, 1930; Littleton and Yamey, 1956; Thomson and Yamey, 1958; Winjum, 1971; Lee, 1973; Most, 1972, 1976; Kojima, 1975; Wil-liams, 1978].
Although there is no clear answer about when and by whom double-entry bookkeeping was invented, most authorities
1 Professor Yuji Iriji has explored the potential of triple-entry bookkeeping. Although the idea of triple-entry bookkeeping is admirable, it is far from perfect in a practical sense. As well, the underlying principles of triple-entry are stemmed from that of double-entry. Thus, it could be regarded as an extended application of the double-entry bookkeeping system.


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Chronology for Somalis in Ethiopia
|Minorities at Risk Project
|Publication Date
|Cite as
|Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Somalis in Ethiopia, 2004, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/469f3888b.html [accessed 16 December 2019]
|This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.
|Christianity became the state religion in the ancient city-state of Aksum kingdom, which is now Ethiopia.
|Aksum flourished. But from the 9th century, like all the other Christian kingdoms of North Africa and the Nile, Ethiopia was threatened by Islam. Christianity managed to survive due to Ethiopia's isolation.
|King Gadla Lalibela began to build grand churches in Lalibela.
|Political power in Ethiopia, ruled by fifteen puppet emperors went through a process of decentralization.
|Emperor Teodros II consolidated his authority and reunified the Ethiopian empire.
|Successive Ethiopian emperors from the Amhara and Tigre groups expanded the influence of their own peoples by securing territories occupied by other ethnic groups. Since the mid-1800s, the emperor's army had erected ketemas, garrison towns, to rule Oromo and Somali areas. Political authorities imposed the Amhara-Christian culture upon those residing in ketemas in the southern periphery and extracted resources from them.
|Italy expanded its colonial sphere to include most of what is now Eritrea.
|In the Treaty of Ucciali, Emperor Menelik accepted Italy's colonization of Eritrea. During the 19th century, Ethiopia had joined the Great Powers (i.e., Britain, France, and Italy) and had expanded its territory beyond Gondar and Shoa to include the Ogaden.
|The war between Italy and Ethiopia (after Menelik rejected to agree to an Italian protectorate over all of Ethiopia and renounced the Treaty of Ucciali) resulted in an Ethiopian victory at the battle of Adwa.
|The current boundaries of Ethiopia were established. Four successive emperors (until the overthrow of Emperor Haile Selassie I by a military coup in 1974) built and consolidated their power.
|Haile Selassie I became Emperor. Under his regime, the country's major economic resource was coffee produced mostly in peripheral Oromo areas. The relations between Amhara-Tigre landlords and Oromo tenants had become set. A similar pattern was established in the Afar and Somali-residing Ogaden region for large-scale government-run agribusiness schemes.
|Italian Fascist Mussolini conquered Ethiopia. Haile Selassie was exiled.
|After the collapse of Mussolini, the British military administration was established in Eritrea. British armies liberated Ethiopia and restored Haile Selassie to his throne. Haile Selassie had successfully repressed ethnic sentiments for self-determination of the Oromos, Somalis, and Afar and reconsolidated his authority.
|Ethiopia was joined in a federation with Eritrea (former Italian colony) by the United Nations. However, Haile Selassie abrogated the federation and attempted to unify Ethiopia and Eritrea under his control within the next ten years.
|The Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), mostly consisting of Muslim separatist, was formed in Cairo by students and workers.
|The ELF launched an open rebellion in western Eritrea, armed with weapons brought in from Sudan.
|Haile Selassie had the Eritrean Assembly dissolve the federal executive and integrate Eritrea fully into Ethiopia.
|Three groups split away from the ELF and established the Eritrean Peoples Liberation Front (EPLF).
|The Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) was formed. The legitimacy of the Haile Selassie regime was widely challenged as the country's economy fell into disarray and patterns of inequality persisted.
|Emperor Haile Selassie was deposed by revolutionary Marxist-Leninist military leaders.
|The monarchy was abolished by the armed forces. Rebellion in Eritrea gathered momentum. The Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) was established.
|A Marxist military regime, the Derg (Amharic for Committee) was formally established in Addis Ababa. The Derg advanced no policies to accommodate minority groups.
|Lieutenant Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam seized power after an internal struggle within the military leadership.
|Relations between Ethiopia and the United States were severed when the Mengistu regime turned to the Soviet Union for military aid. Several groups opposed the regime because of ideological and political differences. The country was severely challenged by nationalist movements and rebellions in Eritrea and in the Ogaden between 1976 and 1978.
|Drought and war with Eritrea caused one of Africa's worst famines. Millions died in spite of massive food and medical aid from Europe and America.
|The Workers' Party of Ethiopia (WPE) was set up in order to control politics and to legitimize Mengistu's policies. Although the WPE was declared to promote democracy and popular participation in party activities, no ethnic groups were represented among the mass organizations constituting the WPE. Those who raised nationality issues were labeled anti-revolutionaries. The feudal land tenure system was dissolved under the Mengistu regime. All rural and most urban land became the property of the state. For the first phase of the Mengistu regime, there were dramatic enhancements in formal educational opportunities (the illiteracy rate dropped from 90 percent to less than 40 percent) and health care. The country's economy experienced slight improvement during the middle years of the Mengistu regime, but, between 1980 and 1988 agricultural production had declined by 0.4 percent per year. The last days of the Mengistu regime manifested the patterns of inequality of the imperial regime.
|A civilian (Marxist-Leninist) Constitution was introduced, proclaiming the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE). The PDRE was led by an 835-member National Shengo (assembly) which aided Mengistu in consolidating his power.
|The Shengo initiated regional reorganization by creating 24 administrative regions and five autonomous regions (Eritrea, Assab, Dire Dawa, Tigre, and Ogaden) in order to deflect nationalist discontent. The government's genuine intention to grant autonomous status to Assab and Dire Dawa (the country's two economic cores) was to separate them from the regions of Eritrea and Ogaden. Most nationalist movements such as EPLF, TPLF, and OLF dismissed the PDRE's initiative and began to coordinate military strategy to increase their anti-government activities.
|The Mengistu regime faced another major drought and intensified ethno-nationalist movements. When Mengistu was informed that the Soviet Union would soon stop providing military aid, he declared a state of emergency.
|Mengistu announced reform policies to promote private sector investment.
|The TPLF (led by Meles Zenawi) organized the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), a coalition of rebel forces against the Mengistu regime.
|The OLF, EPLF, and EPRDF cooperated amongst themselves. Soldiers who defected from Mengistu's army after the abortive coup and prisoners of wars were recruited to the organizations. The EPRDF created the Oromo People's Democratic Organization (OPDO), its own Oromo affiliate, and established other organizations representing various ethnic groups. The EPRDF rejected Marxist slogans, advocated pragmatic policies, and encouraged close military and political cooperation with the TPLF and EPLF.
|While Mengistu was visiting East Germany in search of military aid, there was a coup attempt in Addis Ababa. Mengistu hastily returned and brutally put down the coup. Some army units defected and took their arms with them to join opposition forces.
|The WPE's new economic policy aimed to end the country's centrally planned economy and initiate a mixed economy of state, private, and cooperative. Yet it appeared to be too late to revive the country's economy. Moreover, civil wars aggravated the quality of life. Mengistu, as did emperor Haile Selassie, failed to address the nationalities problem. The number of Ethiopian soldiers increased to more than 500,000 by 1990, but Ethiopian forces rapidly declined in military position. The TPLF and the EPRDF took over the entire Tigre region and large parts of Wollo, Gondar, and Shoa. The EPLF controlled all towns in Eritrea except Asmara, Massawa, and Assab. The United States attempted to negotiate peace between Ethiopia and the EPLF while the Italian government tried to arrange talks between Ethiopia and the TPLF.
|An all-parties peace conference for Ethiopia was planned in London, but the EPRDF advanced within 23 miles of the capital, Addis Ababa. The EPLF captured Massawa and closed in on Asmara.
|Herman Cohen, the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for African affairs, secured Mengistu's exile to Zimbabwe. Before his flight, Mengistu had appointed a new prime minister, Tesfaa Dinka, for the London peace talks.
|Herman Cohen convened peace talks in London between the rebels and the Ethiopian regime. A cease-fire agreement was reached by all parties. Prime Minister Tesfaa Dinka boycotted the talks to oppose Cohen's approval for the rebels to enter Addis Ababa in spite of the cease-fire agreement. There was a massive airlift of 16,000 Ethiopian Jews.
|The EPRDF, many of its members teenagers, captured Addis Ababa against little resistance from the government army of more than half a million. Subsidiary organizations within the EPRDF, such as the TPLF, the OPDO, the Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (EPDM), and the Ethiopian Democratic Officers Revolutionary Movement (EDORM), were expected to play a key part in the new Ethiopian state. In Eritrea, the EPLF captured the cities of Asmara and Assab.
|After its victory, the EPRDF (led by Meles Zenawi) held a national conference and established the Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE), seeking to form a broad-based political pact. A transitional charter was adopted by a multiparty conference and was to remain in force until the general election scheduled for 1993. An 87-member Council of Representatives elected by the conference confirmed Meles Zenawi as transitional President. The OLF, the Afar Liberation Front (ALF), and several Somali organizations agreed to join the pact. But former members of the WPE and Mengistu's followers, radical leftist groups including the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP) and the All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement, and some conservative Ethiopian nationalist groups such as the Coalition of Ethiopian Democratic Forces (COEDF), opposed the EPRDF leadership. The TGE included an ethnically mixed council of seventeen ministers representing seven ethnic groups. The EPRDF had the largest single bloc in the Council of Representatives while the OLF was the second largest. The Council was given the authority to establish a commission which would draw up a draft constitution. In Oromo areas, the OLF had expanded the ranks of its military (eight thousand in 1991) by recruiting the members from the areas heavily occupied by the Oromo and former soldiers of Mengistu's army.
|In preparation for the elections, the Council declared the encampment of all armed groups, designating them (including the EPRDF) to serve as an interim national army and to provide police services. Armed conflicts erupted between the EPRDF and Oromo members in the Oromo region. The EPLF at Makele attempted to arrange talks between the EPRDF and the OLF.
|An encampment accord was made between the EPRDF and the OLF. The National Electoral Commission (NEC), consisting of ten multi-ethnic members drawn from the Council, was founded to establish local administrations with broad ethnic and political representation. As the date for the regional and local elections approached in the early summer of 1992, ethnic tensions intensified. Following the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia (IFLO), which had withdrawn from the elections earlier, the All-Amhara People's Organization (AAPO), the Ethiopian Democratic Action Group (EDAG), the Gideo People's Democratic Organization (GPDO), and the OLF also withdrew. Approximately 50-60 percent of the voting-age population refused to participate in the elections. The NEC had to postpone the elections in many areas and yet the elections went ahead as planned on June 21, 1992. The OLF decamped and broke into small units which triggered the resumption of civil war.
|The number of registered political parties swelled to over two hundred, but only a few had a sizable number of members. The OLF withdrew from the government (the Council of Representatives).
|President Meles officially abolished press censorship, but several provisions in the new law allowed the government ample routes to informally censor the media and to harass journalists.
|The TGE made appointments to the country's first independent judiciary. Political and economic reforms have attracted great favor from foreign donors. To reduce the nationalities problem, Meles announced that his government would form a multi-ethnic national army. Popular discontent by those opposed to the TGE's policy and those favoring ethnically based secession for certain groups continued to run high. However, the insurrection was largely contained.
|President Meles confirmed that multi-party legislative elections would not take place until 1994. The transitional period scheduled to end in 1993 was extended.
|Eritrea declared independence following the referendum. The TGE and the Provisional Government of Eritrea (PGE) maintained cooperative relationships. Meles ousted five political groups (who called themselves the Southern Coalition and pressed for a dissolution of the Council of Representatives) from the Council.
|The EPRDF appeared to be experiencing its most serious internal crisis since assuming power in May 1991.
|The Council issued a decree relating to elections for a constituent assembly which barred members of the WPE from participating. The Council also excluded all former security personnel and ex-soldiers who had not completed the national rehabilitation program. During late 1993, the governing coalition narrowed substantially.
|The TGE allowed a conference on peace and reconciliation organized by approximately 50 internal and exiled opposition groups. But seven participants from abroad, including the two leading figures of the exiled OLF, were arrested (and then released in January 1994). The TGE itself boycotted the conference.
|The TGE attempted to implement a policy which respected the languages and cultures of historically oppressed minorities and allowed them a certain amount of regional autonomy based upon their ethnic affinities. Therefore, the TGE created fourteen new regions. A region consisted of several districts (woreda, the basic unit of national and regional autonomous government). The Oromo's region is the largest (220 woreda out of 600 for federated Ethiopia), followed by Amhara (126), Tigre (62), and Somali (47). While the TGE controlled defense, foreign affairs, economic policy, and citizenship, the law enabled the new regional governments to have broad political powers. Still, the EPRDF clearly declared that regional autonomy should be guaranteed only within the framework of a unified, federated Ethiopia. Neither the aspirations of ethnic groups for their rights to self-determination nor ethnic tensions, however, were appeased by this new policy. For instance, some Oromo people, including members of the OLF, increased their demands for the creation of an independent state of Oromia.
|The Constitutional Assembly was selected in an election boycotted by non-EPRDF parties. Despite the TGE's promise to include many groups in the assembly, the Amhara and Oromos continued to be poorly represented. The charter articulated the right of each nationality to govern its own affairs within the context of a federated Ethiopia by establishing autonomous regions based upon ethnic identities. Yet, human rights violations by the TGE were continually reported. The heightened ethnic tensions (often with low-intensity civil war) slowed the constitution-making process. Multi-party elections to install a new democratic government were delayed indefinitely.
|A new constitution, which restructured Ethiopia into nine ethnically-based federated states with a national parliament, was ratified by the country's constituent assembly. This was the result of long-term negotiations which began in 1991 following the collapse of the Mengistu regime. The TGE had strengthened the economy with free market policies since 1992.
|An estimated 250,000 people staged a demonstration in Addis Ababa in support of the new constitution. However, opposition groups said that they would not approve a new constitution.
|The State Department's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1995 reported Ethiopia continued on the road to democracy in 1995 with the holding of national and regional election in May and June. A new constitution was adopted in December 1994. The military continued low-level operations to counter armed attacks by the OLF and IFLO (Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromiya) throughout the year. The military, ONLF (Ogaden National Liberation Front), al-Itihad, OLF and IFLO were all reported to have committed summary executions during clashes in parts of Oromo and Somali states. The government continued to detain persons without charge. These included several hundred Oromo youth suspected of participating in the OLF armed campaign against the government.
|Ethiopian authorities ordered rival Muslim groups to stop fighting after 9 people were killed and 130 wounded in the Great Anwar mosque, the largest mosque in Addis Ababa. Violence erupted between two Muslim groups both claiming to be representatives of Ethiopia's Islamic Affairs Supreme Council. The authorities banned all marches in Addis Ababa for two weeks beginning February 24. Over 280 members of the outlawed Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) had been on trial at Zeway town, which was 120 miles south of Addis Ababa. They were accused of waging war against the interim government.
|A UN official said that more than 93,000 Ethiopian refugees living in Sudan, Djibouti, Somalia, and Kenya since 1991 would be repatriated this year. But the UNHCR said that no plan had been made to repatriate the 360,000 refugees from Somalia, Sudan, Djibouti, and Kenya living in Ethiopia.
|Nine Italian tourists on a camel trek on the Eritrean border with Ethiopia (where the fierce nomadic Afar people resided) were kidnaped for ransom by desert tribesmen. Ethiopia launched an intensive search for the tourists.
|The missing Italian tourists were released and arrived in Addis Ababa. No ransom was paid to secure their freedom. Claudio Pozzati, leader of the tourist group, thanked the Afar tribesmen who eventually handed them over to the Ethiopian military.
|Voters began registering for Ethiopia's first multi-party elections in May. The Amhara National Democratic Movement (ANDM), the Oromo People's Democratic Organization (OPDO), the Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Union (SEPDU), and the TPLF, who ousted Mengistu and set up the TGE, were expected to dominate the elections. These groups had championed Eritrean independence and self-determination for all nationalities in a federal system for the multi-ethnic state.
|The International Commission of Jurists accused Ethiopian leaders of suppressing political dissent and violating human rights. Between 1992 and 1994, thousands of government opponents were reported to be held without trial for expressing their political opinions.
|The ruling coalition won a landslide victory in the country's first multi-party general election. Many opposition parties boycotted the election because they claimed they were prevented from campaigning and some of their activists were detained. The OAU and Western diplomatic missions declared the elections to be free and fair.
|The leaders of Coalition of Alternative Forces for Peace and Democracy in Ethiopia (CAFPDE), an opposition coalition of more than 30 parties, including the OLF and the southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Coalition (SEPDC), boycotted and dismissed the elections as a sham. The CAFPDE refused the appeals of Western donors, particularly the United States, to join the elections, arguing that the elections only served the interests of the EPRDF. Three people were killed in the eastern town of Harar when a grenade was lobbed into a bar. Also, at least 15 people were killed and 10 wounded in the eastern town of Dire Dawa when a grenade exploded in a busy market frequented by ethnic Somalis. The eastern region of Ethiopia is a stronghold of Oromo and Ogadeni opposition parties which boycotted the polls and the site of a low intensity guerrilla war by ethnic militants.
|Elections in the Somali-speaking East and the Afar-dominated Northeast were postponed until May 27 because the government said there were logistical, rather than security, problems.
|Ethiopia held the first multi-party parliamentary elections in its 2000-year history. More than 15 million of Ethiopia's 55 million people registered to vote for a 550-seat national parliament and regional councils. Most opposition parties boycotted the election. More than 280 foreign monitors were present in Addis Ababa. As expected, President Meles Zenawi's EPRDF ruling coalition won by a landslide.
|The Organization of African Unity (OAU) said that the elections held in Ethiopia were free and fair. The state-run Ethiopian News Agency (ENA) reported that the Oromo People's Democratic Organization (OPDO) took 18 of the 20 constituencies for the federal parliament and regional council in the southern region of Bale and the western region of Illibabor, both Oromo strongholds.
|The Ethiopian News Agency said that the OLF in the eastern town of Harar dissolved its central committee and threw out leaders in exile in order to continue to stir violence in the Ogaden region.
|Elections scheduled for May 27 were delayed in the ethnic Somali and the Afar regions. External Economic Co-operation Minster Abdulmejid Hussein, the chairman of the Ethiopian Somali Democratic League (ESDL, a coalition of 14 groups), expressed disappointment over the polls delay. He observed that Somali-inhabited regions were more peaceful than Washington, D.C.
|Election results for the Afar and Harer (or Harar) regions were announced. In the Afar Region, APDO (Afar People's Democratic Organization) won seats for the federal parliament in five constituencies and ALFP (Afar Liberation Front Party) in four. In the regional parliament, APDO has 24 MPS, ALF has 12, and ANLF (Afar National Liberation Front) has six. In Harer Region, the Oromo People's Democratic Organization and the Hareri National League won seats.
|The Council of Representatives transferred power to the newly elected government, of the EPRDF (Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front). President Meles Zenawi was elected Prime Minister.
|There were unconfirmed reports of renewed fighting between military units of the government and guerrilla units of OLF near the river Wabe. Several incidents of attacks on government troops were reported.
|Tigrean regional forces are believed to have operated in collaboration with Eritrean forces to invade Afar Region with the objective of pushing Afars and Ugugumo militiamen towards the desert area and away from the border region. Ethiopian authorities have appealed to Western donors for food aid to help feed about 3.2 million people who will face hunger in 1996. The Commissioner for Disaster Prevention, Simon Mechale, said most of the affected people were displaced persons from Eritrea.
|EPRDF military units besieged the home of Ali Mirah, spiritual leader of the Afars and founder of ALF. Neither the sultan nor his son was home at the time. The EPRDF has attempted to reduce the weight of Ali Mirah's ALF which tends to operate beyond the control of Addis Ababa in the Afar Region. Just prior to regional balloting, the ALF split allowing APDO, which is less representative of the Afars and close to EPRDF, to win the majority of seats in the regional elections.
|The State Department's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1996 reported that throughout 1996, the military conducted low level operations against the OLF in parts of Oromo Regional State. Federal and regional authorities, especially in Oromo, arrested and detained hundreds of people without charge for activities allegedly in support of opposition groups. In August, Taye Wolde Semayat, the chair of the Ethiopian Teachers' Association was arrested and charged with leading an Amhara extremist organization that carried out terrorist attacks against foreigners. There remained about 400,000 refugees in Ethiopia. Most came from Somalia and Sudan. Political participation remained closed to a number of organizations that have not renounced violence and do not accept the legitimacy of the government. They include: Medhin, Coalition of Ethiopian Democratic Forces, Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party and the OLF.
|The leader of ONLF claimed that the government killed more than 100 civilians in a punitive campaign against the local population. Sheikh Ibrahim Abdullah, while on a visit to Saudi Arabia, spoke of ongoing battles between the government and ONLF forces. In the past, Amnesty international has reported cases of arbitrary arrests, killings and torture of pro-independence elements in the Ogaden. Following the ONLF victory in regional elections in 1993, the Front called for a referendum to determine the future of the region. Ethiopia responded by removing pro-independence ONLF members from the regional assembly which triggered an armed conflict.
|ARDUF claimed that armed clashes have occurred in recent months between state security forces of the Tigre Region and Afar militia and civilians in the area bordering on Eritrea. ARDUF had previously claimed responsibility for armed operations by Ugugumo militia against Eritrean security forces last year.
|Flooding in Central Ethiopia has forced about 50,000 people to flee their homes around the Awash river.
|One faction of the Ogaden National Liberation Front, a mostly Somali organization that split in 1995, and the Oromo Liberation Front have announced their intentions to coordinate their diplomatic, political, and military activities. The joint communique does not explicitly opt for independence on their territory but expresses their desire for a referendum on this issue.
|The Deputy Secretary General of ARDUF was arrested in Djibouti where he was undergoing medical treatment. He was in Djibouti without incident in May 1995 when the Ethiopian government was trying to negotiate a settlement with ARDUF. However, the negotiations faltered in April 1996 and government forces went on the offensive against ARDUF positions in the foothills of the Danakil Depression. The Afars had to abandon their bases in the region as the government troops pushed them back along the Sabba Valley close to the Djibouti frontier. The rebels stood up to an offensive in early June which reportedly produced many casualties on both sides. ARDUF claimed it was able to regain Hanad Eela base and reoccupy the outskirts of Aala, Buri, and Yallo in July.
|Agriculture reform was introduced in Amhara Regional State. The reform dispossessed Amhara farmers suspected of being opponents of the present regime. It led to a massive peasant protest march on Addis Ababa.
|Ethiopia said more than 275,000 people in the Afar region are in need of emergency food aid due to lack of rainfall in the past year. In March, the government announced that emergency food aid was needed in three southers states to feed more than one million people. In December 1996, 34,000 quintals of grain were sent to drought stricken regions including Somali Regional State and Afar Regional State.
|The OLF (Oromo Liberation Front) denied that its goal is to establish an Islamic state in Ethiopia. The Oromo make up 60% of Ethiopia's population which is split about 50-50 between Christians and Muslims. There is growing fear that Ethiopia could slip into a bloody religious war, especially if its neighbors, such as Sudan, continue to encourage extremist elements within Ethiopia and the region. Both Ethiopia and Eritrea accuse Sudan of supporting Islamic rebels trying to overthrow their governments and both Ethiopia and Eritrea have given support to rebels in Sudan trying to overthrow the government of al-Bashir. After the defeat of Mengistu, the OLF joined the government of national unity led by Meles, but its representatives quit shortly after.
|Five months after the opening of talks between the government and ARDUF, talks are stalled over ARDUF's demand for self-rule inside Ethiopia and its relations to Eritrea. Ethiopian authorities reject any form of indirect rule.
|Thirteen Oromo soldiers defected to the Islamic forces of al-Itihad which is based in Somalia. They were led by Izadin Ali Bali who was the commander of three units based along the Somali-Ethiopian border. The defectors said they had suffered ethnic and religious discrimination from the Tigray members of Ethiopia's army. The al-Itihad, an Islamic fundamentalist organization, was blamed for a wave of terrorist attacks throughout Ethiopia during 1996-1997.
|There were reports of heavy fighting between forces from the Ethiopian government and militiamen loyal to al-Itihad al-Islam along the Somali border region of Gedo. Early reports said Ethiopian forces captured the Somali towns of Luq and Bulo Jawo and dozens of villages.
|Lack of rain in 5 zones of Afar Regional State has led to severe food shortages in the region. Over 260,000 people affected by the shortages are to receive food aid.
|The migration of Amhara farmers towards the Wollega region in Oromo State has sparked tensions between the Oromo and their Gumuz neighbors. Provoked by land shortages and March 1997 legislation introduced in Amhara which dispossesses farmers suspected of being opponents of the government, some young farmers moved into southern Oromo region.
|An estimated 1.2 million people in Tigray, Oromia, Amhara and South Ethiopia Regional States are in need of emergency food assistance. Amhara is among the worst hit regions with food production down 24%.
|ONLF and ARDUF signed a document in which the two organizations agreed to cooperate and to coordinate their political, diplomatic, and military efforts to reinstate the national and democratic rights of the Afar and Ogaden people. In Oromo and Somali regions, groups such as the OLF and ONLF have been suppressed as terrorists. Human rights groups have documented hundreds of disappearances in these regions.
|A new Islamic rebel group, the Oromo-Somali-Afar Liberation Alliance is seeking to establish an Islamic state in Ethiopia and Eritrea. It was formed in Mogadishu 31 August 1997 and comprises the United Oromo People's Liberation Front, the Oromo Abbo Liberation Front, the Somali People's Liberation Front, the Oromo People's Liberation Organization, the Afar People's Liberation Army and the Islamic Union of Western Somalia. The OSALA accuses Ethiopia's two Semitic brothers (Amhara and Tigre) of imposing their Judeo-Christian hegemony over the country. The Oromo resumed their armed struggle in 1993, but the OLF has distanced itself from the idea of setting up an Islamic state in Ethiopia.
|The Horn of Africa Bulletin reported the possibility of talks between the government and the OLF. The government has been repressing OLF supporters because it is believed to be cooperating with al-Itihad.
|According to police, three OLF members were killed and two captured while carrying illegal weapons. They had reportedly attacked a village called Jeldu in western Shewa zone in July.
|About 350 representatives of ARDUF and APDO of Afar Regional State have ended a conference on Afar issues. Government officials proposed that ARDUF align itself with the government, prompting several representatives to quit the conference and vow to restart armed rebellion against the state. On 9 October, this group allegedly attacked the Aissaita military post and used bazooka's to fire on the house of APDO representative Ali Sirro.
|Floods displaced some 2500 people in Afar after three rivers burst their banks. The Djibouti and Ethiopian joint committee of administrators of the frontier regions held their 7th meeting in Tadjurah, Djibouti. They discussed increasing cooperation between the two countries to fight smuggling and cope with Afar rebel groups. FRUD, a Djiboutian Afar rebel group, has complained that Ethiopia has been operating in Djiboutian territory in an effort to clean our Afar rebels. An ARDUF faction which refused to sign a peace agreement with the Ethiopian government has recently signed cooperation agreements with several other rebel groups. They include a faction of the ONLF which is in armed conflict with the Ethiopian government, the Sidama Liberation Movement which appeared in the 1970s, ended its operations in the mid-1980s, reappearing in June 1991, and the Kafa and Shekacho People's United Front.
|Over the past few weeks, Ethiopian authorities have reportedly increased police operations against Oromos suspected of being terrorists. The government blames the OLF for two recent bombings in Addis Ababa. Other observers blamed Islamic fundamentalist movements rather than the OLF. Informal negotiations between the OLF and government during the spring broke down after splitting the OLF into two positions: that of its secretary-general Gelassa Dilbo who wanted to continue the struggle against the regime and that of his deputy Lencho Letta who was more in favor of legalizing the OLF.
|Authorities arrested seven leaders of the new Human Rights League. They were arrested over the past four weeks in a government crackdown against alleged supporters of the banned OLF. The Human Rights League was formed by Oromo in Addis Ababa in December 1996. The Oromo Relief Association, which was also shut down by the government, has gone to court to challenge its closure.
|The two principal parties sharing power in Somali Regional State have decided to merge into a single party. The ONLF and Ethiopian Somali Democratic League agreed to set up a joint committee to prepare the merger and administer the State until the merge is complete.
|Epidemic cases of malaria, TB, measles, and malnutrition and diarrhoea have appeared in Afar and Somali states. Drought has affected at least five million people in Tigray and other northern regions. They are in need of food aid and some have migrated out of the drought-stricken areas. Extensive flooding since November has left many people internally displaced in the Gode and Afder zones of Somali Regional State.
|The ONLF released and Austrian woman held after being caught trespassing February 25th on their area of control in Ogadenia.
|Dr. Kassu Illala, Deputy Prime Minister for economic affairs said special development efforts are being made to redress regional developmental imbalances particularly seen in Gambella, Benishangol-Gumz, and Somali and Afar Regional States. Establishing schools and providing skilled manpower from the federal government are two priorities. The health service bureau of Afar region says there has been a rise in health service in the region due to an increase in the number of health professionals and institutions over the past four years.
|Eight thousand Somali refugees from Ethiopia were repatriated. There are plans to repatriate 60,000 more in the coming months.
|Ethiopian troops crossed into Eritrea on the trail of Afar bandits and opposition groups based in the Danakil Depression. By May 20th, Ethiopian forces had reportedly occupied Sorona and Badda.
|Over 4000 refugees have returned home from Sudan over the past 6 months. They have reintegrated into their communities in Amhara, Tigray and Oromia regions. Since 1991, over 900,000 refugees have returned home to Ethiopia.
|Fifty people were killed when Eritrea bombed Mekele, capital of Tigray province. Eritrea and Ethiopia have been engaged in a low-intensity border war for several weeks. At issue is a 160 square mile region which Eritrea says was not fully settled when Eritrea gained its independence from Ethiopia in 1993.
|ARDUF, which is fighting on both sides of the Eritrean-Ethiopian border, is respecting its self-declared cease-fire and has appealed to the two governments to resolve their border dispute.
|Eritrea said Ethiopia had withdrawn its forces from near Badda. The Ethiopian government had sent its forces into the area in July 1997 on the pretext of warding off Afar opposition forces. Ethiopia then dismantled the Eritrean administrative institutions and replaced them with an Ethiopian administration. The Ethiopian government decided to reduce its Eritrean Embassy staff and close its consular offices in Tigray and Afar regions. The border dispute has led to 126,000 people being displaced in Tigray region. Reuters reported that 95% of the former guerrillas of the Tigrean People's Liberation Front had been mobilized and were driving towards the border.


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A Journey of Faith (eBook)
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Format: Mobipocket
Delivery: Immediate Download
Pub. Date: Dec. 28, 2011
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Praying on the scene without making a scene!
Prayer Walking is on-site intercessory prayer that involves praying as you walk. God is using prayerwalkers to prepare the way into the dark corners of our world. Dan Crawford and Calvin Miller take you on an overseas journey of prayer walking. You will see beggars by the side of the road, catch glimpses of crumbling buildings, and attest to the poverty—material and spiritual. Read about God-encounters with Islamic and Hindu followers. See God at work in the villages of China and India. Experience the power of God as these men walk and pray—and then observe God answering their prayers.
Prayer Walking is more than just a book to inspire and excite you about what God is doing in our world today. It is a practical book filled with:â?¢ideas and helps to prepare for a prayer walk, â?¢detailed stories of the triumphs and traumas of prayer walking, â?¢lists of prayer concerns.
Meet the Authors
Dan R. Crawford is professor of Evangelism and Spiritual Formation and Chair of Prayer and Spiritual Formation at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Texas. He is the author of DiscipleShape, The Prayer-Shaped Disciple, and Night of Tragedy, Dawning of Light. He has led numerous extended prayer walks throughout Asia.
Calvin Miller is professor of Preaching and Pastoral Ministry at Beeson Divinity School in Birmingham, Alabama. He is the author of numerous books, including the best selling, The Singer and The Singer Trilogy. Other books include: The Words of Christ: An Everyday Journey with Jesus, Into the Depths of God, The Empowered Leader, and The Empowered Communicator.
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text: This course offers students the opportunity to explore selected topics in journalism. Students will discuss their topics and approaches to these topics with their professors and will normally meet on a weekly basis. Students may choose to prepare an extended creative means of assessment, developed in consultation with their professor.


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- Home
- Departments
- Fire Department
- Careers
- Hiring Process
Hiring Process
These hiring guidelines apply to all personnel currently employed and those seeking employment with the Greenville City Fire Department (GCFD).
Outline of Hiring Procedures
All candidates for employment with the GCFD must utilize the NeoGov portal on the City of Greenville website. Candidates must create an account and submit their completed application online. Candidates must also submit electronic copies of the following certificates:
- IFSAC or Pro Board Certification in Firefighter I & II
- National Registry EMT Certification (if currently certified)
- Military Form DD-214 Discharge Certificate
- Current Driver's License
The application period is determined by the GCFD Deputy Chief. After the application period closes, candidate information will be reviewed to ensure that all required information has been provided. Once the information has been verified, the candidate will be notified of the date, time and location for the written exam. The written exam is administered by City of Greenville Human Resources personnel, with one representative from the GCFD Division of Services present. Candidates who score a minimum of 70% on the written exam will be given a date, time and location for the Candidate Physical Agility Test (CPAT).
Candidates who complete the CPAT in 10 minutes or less will be given a date, time and location for an interview by representatives from the GCFD Command Staff. The candidate will receive a numeric score from each interviewer and the scores will be averaged to determine the composite score. Candidates must receive a score of at least 35 in order to move to the next step.
All candidates must undergo a pre-employment drug screening before they can be placed in the candidate ranking. As a result, candidates who are scheduled for a morning interview will be required to report to the City nurse at City Hall after their interview. Candidates who are scheduled for an afternoon interview will be required to report to the City nurse the morning of their interview.
Once a candidate has completed the previous steps, their final score will be compiled and candidates will then be ranked numerically based on their final score.


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Welcome to Seattle Public Schools, the largest K-12 school district in the state of Washington.
Seattle Public Schools offers award-winning neighborhood schools and outstanding option schools. We have a deep commitment to every student's journey — to ensure that each one will graduate ready for college, career and life.
Use an address to identify nearby schools.
School Finder
You can find links to all school profiles below or find your school on one of our directories specific to the type of school.
Seattle Public Schools recognizes currently operating commission-authorized charter schools including Green Dot, Rainier Prep, and Summit Sierra. More information about these schools, their curriculum, and enrollment is available through the Washington State Charter School Commission Opens a New Window. .
John Stanford Center for Educational Excellence
Seattle Public Schools, Administrative Office
2445 3rd Avenue S
Seattle, WA 98134


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Mangosteen from Aroy-D. Mangosteen or 'Mung Kud' in Thai, is a hard-to-find fruit in Thailand since its seasonal. Mangosteen is considered the queen of the fruit. Mangosteen gives perfect combination of soft, sweet, smooth texture. Come in 6 cans. Ingredients: Mangosteen, sugar, water. Net Weight: 20.00 oz. Product of Thailand.
Copyright © 2004 - 2019 GroceryThai.com


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Maybe you're one of the three-plus million folks who saw Baerke van der Meij putting away his toys with some well-placed boots. Adorable, right? Dutch Eredivise side VVV saw it too, and saw a future strike.
They've signed young Baerke to a long-term deal, and invited him to the arena for a training session.
"The toddler's favourite position has not yet been determined. However, we can speak of a right-footed player with a very good kicking technique, perseverance and, importantly: football genes via his grandfather (a former professional soccer player)," said a VVV Venlo press release.
The contract is only symbolic and a nice little gesture, and it expires when he's 11 year old — right around the age that most of us started to grasp that we were never going to be pro athletes.
Dutch footballer signed to professional contract - aged one [Telegraph]


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First I would like to show you one of the cards made for the Brithday swap with the group BQLPC way back in 2013.
I made a few on this model with different positions for the elements .
And then I would like to show you some presents I received from my friends last Christmas, all sewing related of course.
From Fiona I received this lovely friendly penguin....
I think she made a hundred of them for her friends and family. She is such a nice woman.
And then Nicola made me this heart. I am in admiration of both their work.
She also gave this covered notebook, which I intend to use for my sewing of course. I. Like to make notes of my choices for size or material as a reminder.
These are so nice, and I feel so lucky to have such friends.
In the meantime I can wish everybody a lovely time at Christmas, and here is a photo of our tree from last year with lots of home made decorations, some dating to when the girls were really small.
Have a nice time sewing.


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The Roycroft Campus in East Aurora, New York, is the best preserved and most complete complex of buildings remaining in the United States of the "guilds" that evolved as centers of craftsmanship and philosophy during the late 19th century. The Campus, designated a National Historic Landmark district (NHL) in 1986, contains nine of the original 14 structures including the Inn, the Chapel, the Print Shop, the Furniture Shop, and the Copper Shop. You are invited to come visit and discover the rebirth of the Roycroft Campus as if Elbert Hubbard and the Roycrofters never left.
In addition to the many individuals, foundations and companies that support us, we are grateful for the support of Erie County and the New York State Council on the Arts. A special thank you to the Western New York Foundation for making our new website possible.
Receive information about our upcoming tours, events and workshops. Click here to sign up today!
Roycroft Campus Members October 2019 Special - 30% off Select Garden Decor
Proud members of The New York State Arts and Crafts Alliance


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Florentine style crêpes
It is the typical example of Tuscan cuisine: great ingredients, simple cooking, right condiments to enhance and not to cover the taste of this cuisine which might seems basic but which is rich and refined inn the choice of raw materials and in cooking them in respect of their nature.
Florentine crêpes with artichokes or mushrooms
Florentine style crêpes is an ancient dish that has its origins in the Florentine countryside. Affectionately called pezzole della nonna, 'grandma's handkerchiefs,' because of their folded form, fiilled with ricotta and seasonal vegetables.
They are made with the same recipe and technique as French crêpes, but with some important differences. They're not eaten sweet, as the French usually do, but are stuffed with a ricotta and spinach filling, folded or rolled, then covered in generous amounts of besciamella (béchamel) sauce, a few spoons of tomato puree, grated parmesan cheese, then baked in the oven until golden brown.
Ingredients for 4 people:
- For the batter:
150 gr of flour
300 ml milk
40 gr of butter, melted
2 eggs
Pinch of salt
- For the filling:
1 egg
250 gr of ricotta
400 gr of blanched spinach
- For the béchamel sauce:
500 ml milk
50 gr of butter
50 gr of flour
Salt and pepper
Freshly gated nutmeg
- To finish:
3 or 4 heaped tablespoons of tomato puree (passata)
Grated pecorino (or parmesan) cheese
Olive oil for greasing
Salt and freshly ground pepper
- Filling: in a bowl, combine the spinach with the ricotta, 1 egg and 2 tablespoon of parmigiano. Season with salt, pepper and nutmeg, and mix well.
- Prepare the crêpes batter: in a bowl combine 2 eggs, the milk, 4 tablespoon of melted butter and the flower. Season with salt and whisk gently until a thin batter forms.
- Butter a small non-stick skillet pour in about 3 tablespoon of the batter cook until set, flip and cook on the other side. Remove from the skillet and set aside on parchment paper. Repeat with the remaining batter.
- Spread the spinach mixture on the crepes, and roll up like cannoli or fold them. Butter a baking dish, and arrange the crepes on it. Pour the béchamel on top, sprinkle with the parmigiano and spoon a little bit of tomato sauce on top
There are several variations where the tomato sauce is replaced with artichokes or mushrooms, depending on the season. In this case, skip the vegetables in a pan for a few minutes with garlic and extra virgin olive oil and cover the crepes after a layer bèchamel.
Bake in a preheated 200° oven for about 20 minutes.


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Purim and Norouz: shared peacemaking customs. by Rabbi Lynn Gottlieb
Purim is a Jewish holy day that originated in ancient Persia. Many narrative features of the story reveal different aspects of Persian culture. Gift giving is an example of a valued custom and method of diplomacy which appears in the Purim text, and on bas-relief images carved into the walls of Persepolis. A line of diplomatics holding gifts, their hands on each other's shoulders reveal the camaraderie of the moment. In Persepolis, both male and female workers were given three months leave after the birth of babies. The archeology of Persepolis also reveals the fact that queens inhabited their own castles. No wonder Queen Vashti demanded gender equality!
Gifts of food given at Purim are part of what we might call 'banquet diplomacy' , a peacemaking tactic used in Jewish and Iranian society to welcome people from all nations and invite them to enjoy a feast and share in the bounty of the host. Jewish people preserve the ancient gift giving and banquet customs at Purim in the form of a religious obligation to distribute gifts of food to our community. We share these customs with contemporary Iranians who have preserved the ancient festival of Norouz which features gift giving during the new year's spring festival.
The gift giving custom can be a foundation upon which we create a new/old vision of shared culture and traditions with the Iranian people whose ancestors first gave welcome to Jewish exiles and helped our ancestors rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem. Many Jews stayed in Persia. Shiraz was known as the city of Jewish musicians. There is much beauty to remember and celebrate, and many bridges still to build.
There are still between 12,000 and 30,000 Jews living in Iran, mostly in the cities of Shiraz, Tehran and Esfahan. Jews of Iran feel deeply connected to the Jewish history of Persia and preserve many ancient pilgrimage sites, including the graves of Mordecai and Esther. They represent the oldest continuous Jewish community in the world and possess a Torah that is 1800 years old which resides in Hamadan.
To read more about Jewish Persian culture check out: Esther's Children by Houman Sarshar, 2002. This book is a must read for anyone interested in Jewish Iranian history and culture.
The two links below are about Louisa Shafia, a dual heritage woman. Her father came from a Muslim household in Iran. Her mother is an Ashkenazi Jew from Philadelphia. Her parents met, fell in love and married. Louisa's mom learned traditional Persian cooking for her husband. Their daughter combined her knowledge of cooking with the traditions of her parents and produced a wonderful cookbook. Check out the results below along with an interview. Purim and Norouz are featured in the HuffPo article.


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Today, in Hartford, I see 16 children traversing the all-too-familiar tortuous path of mental illness, failing to receive the care they most desperately need.
Yet how can this be, in the immediate aftermath of the most horrific of events in our own state?
How can this be only a few short days after President Obama implored us to do everything possible to protect our children and to prevent another Newtown tragedy?
How can this be, as we are so vividly reminded of the unquestionable relationship between mental illness and violent behavior?
I am the physician-in-chief at Connecticut Children's Medical Center. Because of my training in the field of developmental and behavioral pediatrics, I am particularly sensitive to emotional disorders and the dysfunction rampant within our behavioral health system.
However, no specialized training can prepare me or my colleagues for the daily onslaught of children with severe behavioral problems who are continuously brought to our emergency department in ever-increasing frequency.
As I prepare this commentary, 16 children are in our emergency department — a unit designed to address the medical and surgical needs of ill children in an institution that is not licensed to provide psychiatric inpatient care. They sit in an unconscionable and unhealthy limbo, awaiting mental health evaluation to determine their needs.
Ironically, these children include some who are unable to be managed in a state psychiatric facility, because they're too aggressive and difficult to handle, and are therefore shipped to our general emergency department for care.
For those requiring hospitalization, access to psychiatric inpatient beds may take days to weeks, depending on the availability of beds and the proclivities of our state agencies, hospital administrators and managed-care plans. How can this be?
Our state has taken a number of steps to alleviate this mental health crisis and address the chronic gaps in our behavioral health system.
•A program called CARES (Child and Adolescent Rapid Evaluation and Stabilization unit) sits on the adjacent Institute of Living campus, able to receive a modest number of patients requiring extended evaluation and stabilization while awaiting discharge or hospitalization.
•Also, emergency psychiatric services may be summoned by a phone call, and mental health clinicians will be sent to homes, schools and other venues to provide acute intervention.
•Enhanced-care clinics facilitate the referrals of children with emotional problems from primary care providers to behavioral health clinicians.
The beneficial impact of all these commendable and important initiatives is undeniable. Yet despite such efforts, the number of children referred to our emergency department, only to be stockpiled awaiting disposition, continues to grow, year after year, at an alarming rate.
At this moment, our emergency department, with its capacity of 26 beds and a four-bay fast-track unit, is attempting to treat 16 patients in behavioral health crisis, while also providing care to 20 medical-surgical patients in examination rooms, as 18 patients await care in the waiting room, four patients are in the halls on stretchers, and four other patients are being seen in our adjacent primary care center.
How can we be so lacking in the capacity to respond to the urgent needs of these patients?
Yet today, in the midst of this distress, a call to the head of a state agency yields no immediate assistance. State directors responsible for authorizing care when a proper facility is identified with the capacity to relieve some of this gridlock, refuse authorization of such care. How can this be?
While many contributing factors will undoubtedly be identified, Newtown will unquestionably be seen as a consequence of untreated mental illness. Our response to children with serious emotional illness continues to be deploringly inadequate.
Today, I see 16 children traversing the treacherous path of mental illness, failing to receive the services they need. How can this be?
Paul Dworkin, M.D., is physician-in-chief at the Connecticut Children's Medical Center and professor and chairman of pediatrics at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine.


text: 300 CFM 36 Wall Mounted Range Hood with Halogen Lights and Sensasource Featuring a Single Blower from the Slopeline CollectionClean slope and defined front lip create a traditional wall-mount design that can have either vertical or sloped ends for between-cabinet and free-standing installations. Matching wall mount duct covers (sold separately) are available in standard sizes for 8 , 9 , and 10 ceiling heights or in custom sizes. All Vent-A-Hood products are suitable for use in damp locations (outdoor applications such as a covered patio) when installed in a GFCI protected branch circuit. The PWVH30-136 has a 300 CFM motor with a single Blower. Added to the range hood are Halogen Lights and Switches to keep you safe in low light times. Why purchase Vent-A-Hood? Vent-A-Hood is the only ventilation manufacturer to provide grease extraction without messy, hard to clean filters. More efficient than filter type hoods, Vent-A-Hood offers the quietest hoods in the industry, quieter in your kitchen than a remote blower. Vent-A-Hood also offer fire-safe residential applications. The Vent-A-Hood Magic Lung blower is a patented way to remove bad smells and smoke from a home quickly and quietly. No matter the speed, the Magic Lung will be quiet even at higher speeds.Features:300 CFMSingle BlowerHalogen Lights, Switches, and Sensasource24 Hood Projection30 TallOne Year Exterior WarrantyFive Year Internal Motor WarrantyPatented Magic Lung Blower SystemAllows CFM to Double, Triple, or Quadruple with Very Little Effect on SoundTraps All Cooking Contaminants, Liquefies Grease Vapor and Removes Heat Polluted AirSnaps Apart for Easy CleaningOnly Residential Ventilation System on the Market Today that Prevents Fire from Spreading to the Rest of the HomeProvides the Power you Need for Even the Most Demanding Cooking Sur


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Sheryl Sculley gets a pay boost
SAN ANTONIO — The City Council on Thursday approved a two-year contract extension for City Manager Sheryl Sculley that includes salary increases in 2014 and 2015 as well as one-time bonuses in both years.
Sculley's base salary has been static at $355,000 for the past four years. In 2014, it will increase to $375,000 and $400,000 in '15. Next month, she will receive a $50,000 bonus. In January 2015, she will receive a one-time bonus of $65,000.
The council also approved the request to permanently close a block of South Main at around 1:30 p.m. Traffic improvements are expected to take six to nine months and construction will begin after. It's projected to take up to a year to complete the downtown store.
As Thursday's meeting opened, Mayor Julián Castro remained about 250 miles north of town, stalled in Dallas by a delayed flight, which in turn pushed back a vote on H-E-B's proposed closing of Main Avenue.
Castro arrived shortly after 11 a.m. and joined the council on the dais after an executive session.
He traveled Wednesday to Mexico City as a guest of the Spurs, who were slated to play an official NBA season game against the Minnesota Timberwolves.
A fire broke out in the arena before tipoff that led to a cancellation of the game. Castro flew back to Texas with the team on their chartered flight, which ended up in Dallas overnight.
The council temporarily delayed its vote on shuttering Main Avenue by H-E-B headquarters in the King William neighborhood until he arrived.
King William residents who attended the meeting to oppose the Main closure and proposed gas station said the delay was "typical" and complained that they couldn't spend "all day" waiting for Castro to arrive because "some of us have jobs."
At their second-to-the-last meeting of 2013, City Council members are facing a hefty agenda Thursday, including action on land swaps in Hemisfair, and a proposed ban on sex offenders at city parks.
The 17-page agenda comprises 70 items, including the appointment of Robbie Greenblum as City Attorney. Greenblum, Castro's longtime chief of staff, will take over for Michael Bernard, who is returning to private practice after a lengthy tenure as a public servant.
The council will consider a land swap in the Hemisfair neighborhood, made possible by a law passed earlier this year in the Texas Legislature. Hemisfair officials are breaking up the original HemisFair Park, much of which is covered by the Convention Center, and designating new land for future park space. The swap means that parkland in Hemisfair will grow by about four acres.
Staff writers Neal Morton and Ben Olivo contributed to this report.


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"Winter's Bone," the big winner at this year's Sundance Film Festival, stars Jennifer Lawrence as Ree Dolly, a 17-year-old Missourian who must care for her younger siblings and her sick mother. The family's fortunes take a sharp turn for the worse when Sheriff Baskin (Garret Dillihunt once again being way underused) stops by to inform her that her meth-cooking, bail-jumping dad put the family's house and land in the Ozarks up for his bond. If Ree can't find him soon, she and the family will be left homeless in the raw witner of the Ozark Mountains.
For the next hour, we follow Ree as she visits a string of her father's associates and relatives in an effort to learn his whereabouts. But each visit is like the last: she shows up somewhere she's not welcome and is then warned not to pursue her father's disappearance by an inexplicably angry person after another.
Director Debar Granik, who along with producer Anne Rosellini adapted the script from Daniel Woodrell's novel, does a nice job of establishing the setting and offers subtle but clear clues as to the harsh realities of the life Ree is living. It's a bleak existence fueled by squirrel -- and possibly dog -- shot in a foggy variety of blues and grays.
The dialogue is appropriately terse, with more left unsaid than said, as when Ree tells Teardrop, "You always have scared me," and he responds simply, "That's 'cuz yer smart." These are not people prone to oration.
Lawrence has deservedly been hailed for her performance at the center of this film, with the story putting her in nearly every scene as she tries to crack the mystery surrounding her father's whereabouts. Ree doesn't doubt for a minute that her father is a criminal, and she has little doubt that he's broken the Ozark omerta. All that aside, Ree insists that even among meth-dealing hillbillies, there has to come a point where she's owed the truth, if only for the sake of her mother and siblings.
John Hawkes ("Me and You and Everyone We Know," "Deadwood") continues to compile an impressive resume, with his turn as Ree's Uncle Teardrop, bringing the film much of its snap. The mystery at the core of Hawkes' Teardrop is as compelling as the one at the center of the film. He smolders, growls and glowers both at Ree and in defense of her.
"Winter's Bone" is very much about home and insular communities and boundaries and moral codes. In fact, if you pull back a little, it's not unlike a mafia movie, hidden in the flannel shirts, accents, rusty old pickup trucks and the dense woods. The look and feel Granik brings the film from the director's chair are well crafted, but the story that's been teased from Woodrell's novel has an uneven and frustrating pace and a finish that feels suspiciously tidy.