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Welcome to Riu Jalisco
Hotel Riu Jalisco - Nuevo Vallarta, Mexico - All Inclusive 24 hours
The ClubHotel Riu Jalisco (24h All Inclusive) is located in Nuevo Vallarta, Mexico, and is surrounded by a lush palm grove and the Pacific Ocean.
The hotel's acclaimed All Inclusive system offers you the best facilities and service so you can enjoy a perfect holiday in Mexico. Here, you'll find two fresh water swimming pools, two Jacuzzis, a solarium-terrace, sauna, gym and the "Renova Spa" wellness centre with a range of different treatments and massages. Everything you could need to leave behind the stress of everyday life.
Thanks to the All Inclusive system you can enjoy Mexican cuisine at its best. It includes a wide variety of recipes and is recognised for its distinctive and sophisticated flavours which incorporate many spices. It is a combination of gastronomic traditions, including Mesoamerican and European ones, as well as many others, which is why the buffet restaurant and the different themed restaurants of the hotel offer the best menus and made to order dishes.
You will also find numerous activities and sports to enjoy during your stay. You can go diving, play volleyball, do gymnastics, windsurfing, catamaran, kayaking, bodyboarding, golf and many water sports at the beach. At night, you mustn't miss the different shows and live music organised for you by our entertainers. If you want to go dancing we invite you to the "Pacha" club where our DJs play the best beats. Your children will have a ball with other children in the Riu Land programme, where crafts and sports are just some of the leisure activities organised by our entertainers.
Surrounded by the beautiful Banderas Bay and protected by the impressive Sierra Madre, you will find Nueva Vallarta, one of the most popular tourist destinations in Mexico. With excellent beaches and water sports, this city gives you the opportunity to get closer to nature, at its most unique. If you want to go on excursions and discover the surroundings, we recommend you to make a stop at Banderas Bay to see the release of sea turtles, swim with dolphins, observe blue whales, go horse riding in the Sierra Madre, and for the more adventurous we suggest bungee jumping. In the beach area you will find many restaurants, bars, cafés, shops and businesses where you can buy souvenirs.
Come and discover the pleasure of calm beaches, sun and nature with the ClubHotel Riu Jalisco.
Currency exchange
Important Information, due to new goverment legislation all Riu Hotels Resorts in Mexico will be unable to receive cash payments in US dollars. All payments are now required in Mexican pesos in order to be received in the resort.The new regulation also indicates that it won´t be possible to provide currency exchange services in USD within the resort anymore, however this won´t affect the usage of USD through Traveler Checks nor Credit Card Payments. This new regulation will not affect transactions in other currencies. ATM available in the hotel to withdraw Mexican Pesos
Spring Break policies:
At least one person of 21 years or older is required in every room during March & April. During the remainder of the year, at least one person 18 years or older is required in every room. The hotel reserves the right of admission and may request clients to show passport or official ID to prove age. Guests can and will be removed from the property at their own expense in case of any disturbance or complaint from other guests or hotel staff. Parties in rooms are not allowed. Spring break groups or unruly behavior is not allowed all year round at any property.
- All Inclusive 24 hours
- Located on Playa de Flamingos beach
- Complimentary sun loungers on the beach
- 13 km / 8 miles from the airport
- Buffet style and themed restautants
- Two swimming pools, two complimentary jacuzzis, children's pool
- "Renova Spa": beauty treatments, hairdresser and massages
- Complimentary sauna, jacuzzi and gym
All Inclusive features
Sports and activities:
- 2 floodlit hard-surface tennis courts, 1 multipurpose sports pitch
- Gym, sauna, jacuzzi
- Table tennis, workout, shuffleboard, French bowls, airgun shooting, volleyball
- Windsurfing, catamaran, kayaking, body board
- 1 introductory scuba diving lesson in the pool
- Daytime entertainment programme for children ages 4 to 7 and ages 8 to 12 at RiuLand (daily)
- Daytime entertainment programme for adults (daily)
- Riu evening programme, shows or live music (daily)
Complimentary entrance to "Pacha" night club and drinks (open six nights a week)
Sports and facilities nearby (additional charge)
- Assorted water sports available
- Horse riding and bicycle hire
- 18-hole golf course
The RIU Group has no direct or indirect relationship with external services (especially PARASAILING) and does not assume any liability for them, any contract between them being the exclusive responsibility of the clients themselves.


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Great news, "Star Wars" fans! Harrison Ford is ready to make the jump to hyperspace one more time.
Coming about as close as he can to a confirmation before Lucasfilm puts out the official word, the 70-year-old actor has dropped his strongest hints yet that he's coming back to the franchise to reprise his iconic swashbuckling role as Han Solo.
"I think it's almost true; I'm looking forward to it," Ford told Chicago's WGN 9. "It's not in the bag yet, but I think it's happening."
Ford is the last of the original trilogy's triumvirate of stars to suggest he's booked for "Star Wars: Episode VII," following in the footsteps of costars Carrie Fisher and Mark Hamill, who both indicated they've been in talks to return as their respective characters, Princess Leia and Luke Skywalker (though Carrie's rep later said "she was joking").
For his part, George Lucas pretty much let the cat out of the bag already earlier this month when he told Bloomberg Businessweek that even before he sold Lucasfilm to Disney for $4 billion last October, "we had already signed Mark and Carrie and Harrison--or were pretty much in final stages of negotiation."
No word if or when Lucasfilm plans to make a formal announcement.
Star Wars: Where are they now?

subset: commoncrawl


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Top Bar Detail Square Pilot Sunglasses
All orders will be fulfilled by Burberry Limited and shipped from the UK. When you place your order, you accept Burberry's Terms and Conditions and confirm that you have read our Privacy Policy.
Size Guide
Use the Size Guide to choose the best fit for your measurements.
In this window, you can find out the shipping and returns options for the selected item.
In this window, you can contact customer service for further assistance.
- Reinterpreted pilot sunglasses inspired by the Burberry spirit of exploration, in matte black metal tipped with Vintage check acetate.
- Frame width: 14.1cm/5.6in
- Frame height: 5.1cm/2in
- Scratch-resistant black mirrored lenses with 100% UV protection
- Metal and acetate frame
- Engraved Burberry lettering at temple
- Made in Italy
- Comes with a hard leather case and cleaning cloth
Item 40805161


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Carolyn MacDonald! She will win a signed copy of The Pantry as well as a vintage apron from my extensive collection. It was a difficult selection to make from many fine entries (I would like to include all of them here in the coming weeks, if I may) and I thank you for all of them. However, Carolyn wrote about a variety of pantry memories in the process of building a new pantry of her own (we hope that she will share photographs of the finished pantry with readers here). In the meantime, here is Carolyn's winning entry:
I am having a pantry built. I am so excited about it that it is all I can think about! The construction started about 3 weeks ago and it is almost completed except for cabinet fronts and painting. It is a space in the back of my garage but it is attached to the house with a hallway that leads to my kitchen. I am trying to have it be a tribute to both my grandmothers who loved to cook. It will have open shelving and cabinetry with glass doors. I had a piece of marble in the garage that will be used as a small counter. It will have scalloped brackets similar to the ones on page 18 of your book. I have your book The Pantry. I have read it several times. I am going to display it in my new pantry. I love it! Along with the book I am going to hang my grandmother's aprons that they sewed or crocheted. I am going to display one of my grandmother's canister sets. I have random dishes from my mother and aunts that will be proudly displayed.
My maternal grandmother had a wonderful pantry. I tell my daughter about it all the time. She had jars of clarified butter for baking, canned vegetables from the garden and lots of rolling pins. I have one of her rolling pins and I am going to hang it in my pantry. My grandmother always made sweet cookies and they were proudly displayed on the counter of her pantry. She had beautiful handmade doilies hanging on the shelves and bottles of rose water or orange blossom water used for baking in the cabinet. When you opened the cabinet you would smell the fragrance from these bottles. I tell my daughter that she never wasted anything. All jars and containers were used and filled with nuts, golden raisins and chocolate sprinkles for baking. You never knew what was in a recycled coffee can or cookie tin until you opened it. But, she knew what each container held. An avid gardener, my grandmother always had a bowl of apples, mulberries, tomatoes or cucumbers on her counters. I hope to do the same. My grandmother passed away in 1986 the same year my daughter was born. I tell my daughter about her and I always mention her pantry and how she loved to cook for her family as I do.
My mother also had a pantry and she tell me that as a little girl I would ask her to stand me up on the counter to look out the small pantry window at our back yard. I don't remember this but I love the story and I can picture myself as a small child in the 1950's climbing up to see out our second floor pantry window.
My husband remembers his grandmother's pantry also. He said she had a wonderful wooden ladder that helped her to reach the top shelves. He used to climb up on it. Oh, how I wish we kept some of these things! I do have a salt and pepper shaker collection of his grandmother's and I am sure they will look fantastic in the glass cabinet.
I have let everyone in the family know about the construction of the pantry and it puts a smile on their faces. I am sure they will give me mementos to display. I am trying to find a quote from your book to hand paint on my pantry walls along with my favorite saying "count your blessings."
Thank you for letting me "count my blessings" here In the Pantry on a regular basis these past five years. I appreciate, as always, your stopping by for some sugar or salt.


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Lakeland College has promoted four members of its faculty.
Brian Frink
Associate Professors Brian Frink (chemistry and physics), Karl Kuhn (religion) and Elizabeth Stroot (psychology) have been promoted to full professor. All three joined Lakeland's faculty in 1999. Assistant Professor of General Studies Signe Jorgenson has been tenured and promoted to associate professor.
Frink, the 2013 winner of the Underkofler Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching Award, has led partnerships with employers in the local manufacturing community to create real-world internship opportunities for students that open doors to future careers.
He has significant service to the college working on numerous committees and task forces. Highlights include chairing the on-campus curriculum committee and the assessment committee and serving on task forces that worked on the college's core curriculum. He has directed several student research experiences, and published and presented his own work several times.
Prior to coming to Lakeland, Frink worked as a teaching assistant and research assistant at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities and The Ohio State University. He has a bachelor's degree in chemistry from the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities and a doctorate in physical organic chemistry from Ohio State.
Karl Kuhn
Kuhn has taught a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses. He is the college's senior religion faculty member, and has served as the director of the college's Mission House Center for the past two years.
He is a prolific author, having written "Having Words with God: The Bible as Conversation" (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2008), "The Heart of Biblical Narrative: Rediscovering Biblical Appeal to the Emotions" (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2009) and "Luke: The Elite Evangelist" (Paul's Social Network Series; Collegeville, Liturgical, 2010). He has also written numerous scholarly papers and works published in several religion publications, and he served as associate New Testament editor for the "Catholic Biblical Quarterly," one of the leading journals in the field of biblical studies.
Kuhn has a bachelor's degree in English literature and composition from UW-Milwaukee, a Master of Divinity degree from Eden Theological Seminary in St. Louis, Mo., and a doctorate degree in theology and biblical studies from Marquette University.
Elizabeth Stroot
Stroot, the 2010 winner of the Underkofler Award, has been a driving force behind the significant growth of the college's psychology program. She has led efforts to update the psychology curriculum and the college's master of arts in counseling program.
She has been involved in developing Lakeland's psychology lab, which has allowed her to engage undergraduates in psychology research which they have presented at professional conferences throughout the Midwest.
She has served as the division chair for the Social Sciences Division since 2010, and she was instrumental the creation of Lakeland's institutional review board, a college committee that reviews and approves research proposals.
Stroot joined Lakeland's staff after spending seven years at the University of Delaware. She has a bachelor's degree in psychology from Florida Atlantic University and a master's and a doctorate in clinical psychology from the University of Delaware.
Signe Jorgensen
Jorgenson joined Lakeland's staff in 2008. She has served on several committees, including service as chair of the Fine Arts & Convocation Committee. She was part of a group that helped significantly redesign the interdisciplinary curriculum for first-year students, and she currently supervises writing tutors within the Hayssen Academic Resource Center.
She is an associate editor of "Stoneboat," a literary journal that she helped create in 2010. Prior to coming to Lakeland, she taught at the University of Alaska Anchorage.
Jorgenson has an MFA in nonfiction creative writing from the University of Alaska Anchorage and a bachelor's degree in creative writing and religious studies from the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire.


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|Our Price:
|Cucina Credits:
|10.95 (Whats this?)
Our SKU #R2088WT
Brand: Ranieri
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Manufacturer: Ranieri
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UPC / EAN Code: 801815400388
Tags: Umbria, Umbrian, Wholesale Pricing Available
Average Customer Rating 4.3 Stars:
(7 Reviews)
In the green hills of Umbria, just outside Citta di Castello, for over seventy years the Ranieri family has been offering its select clietele the natural goodness of the fine products from their native land. This is the reason that Ranieri condimentos always use the finest Extra Virgin Olive Oil as their base and then infuse them with white truffles and also white truffle artificial flavor.
White Truffle infused extra virgin olive oil is irresistible on any pasta or rice dish as well as on meat. Try a few drops on pizza or on a piece of fresh crusty Italian bread.
Each bottle of Ranieri White Truffle Infused Extra Virgin Olive Oil contains 8.5oz. or 250ml.
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White Truffle Oil (Extra Virgin Olive Oil Infused With White Truffle) By Ranieri (Case of 6 - 8.5 Ounce Bottles)
Black Truffle Oil (Extra Virgin Olive Oil Infused With Black Truffle) By Ranieri
San Marzano Tomato Paste
Walnut Flavored White Wine Vinegar by Fallot
Fattoria Estense Gold Label (Previously labeled as Gran Riserva Aged 12 Years)
Fattoria Estense Silver Label, Round Bottle (Previously labeled as Aceto Balsamico di Modena, Aged 10 years)
Generated at 2019-12-11 11:34:30 1576085670


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With the loss, Maritime falls to 3-6 on the season, including a 2-4 mark in ECFC action, while the Bison improve to 7-3 (5-2 ECFC).
Turnovers proved costly once again for the Privateers, as they lost three fumbles and had one interception against that was brought back for an 80-yard return for a touchdown. The Bison also dominated on time of possession, controlling the ball for 35:04 compared to Maritime's 22:57.
The first touchdown of the game came in the second quarter, when Bison QB junior Nick Elstad hooked up with senior Ryne Worsham for a six-yard TD pass. Freshman kicker Chase Magsig's PAT was good, giving Gallaudet the 7-0 advantage.
The game's second score was the 80-yard interception return by senior Tony Tatum, who intercepted the pass after it deflected through the Maritime receiver's hands. Magsig's PAT was good once again to make the score 14-0, which carried into the halftime break.
In the third quarter, Elstad connected with Worsham again, this time for a 15-yard touchdown and Magsig added the PAT to round out the scoring on the day.
For the Privateers, senior Joe Guerra (Bronx, N.Y./Archbishop Stepinac) was the team's leading rusher with 27 yards. Junior quarterback Tyler Trodden (Putnam Valley, N.Y./Kennedy Catholic) was 2-for-6 on completions for 31 yards and freshman Andrew Madden (Newark, Del./Charter School of Wilmington) saw time behind center in the second half and was 2-for-3 for 46 yards. Freshman Zachary Chilcott (Ulster Park, N.Y./Kingston) was Maritime's leading receiver with one catch for 30 yards.
The one bright note in the game for the Privateers was that senior linebacker Keith Barnes (Westbury, N.Y./Westbury) had a fantastic day, recording a game- and season-high 20 tackles (15 solo and five assisted), including one sack for a loss of three yards and one forced fumble. Freshman Kameron Knight (Clayton, N.C./West Johnson) ended the day with 11 tackles, including three for losses of five yards and a forced fumble.
For Gallaudet, Elstad finished the day 3-for-6 for 26 yards, two touchdowns and one interception. Freshman Braxton Baker was the Bison's leading rusher with 89 yards, while Worsham caught all three of the passes and ended with 26 receiving yards. On defense, sophomore Akeem Guidry and senior Shelby Bean both had a team-high seven tackles.


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Boxes in this break :
- 15-16 UD SP Authentic x 1 (McDavid Year)
- 16-17 UD SP Authentic x 1 (Matthews Year)
- 17-18 UD SP Authentic x 1 (Boeser Year + Matthews Inscribed)
- 18-19 UD SP Authentic x 1 (Pettersson + Eichel + Hischier)
There will be 30 spots.
This Break is a TEAM RANDOM.
If you are having any issues checking out or claiming a spot please call the store (519-954-8278) or email us at email@example.com.
Break is scheduled for August 15th 7:30 PM EST.
Is this your first Group Break? Click Here for information! READ HERE FOR BREAKDOWNS AND INFORMATION REGARDING HOW OUR BREAKS WORK AND THE SHIPPING PROCESS
Payment Methods :
- PayPal is the primary method of payment and your address MUST be confirmed. Upon your checkout you can pay via PayPal.
- Paying with your Visa/Master Card. Upon checkout you will have the option to pay through credit card.
- Paying by E-Transfer. Once you have selected your spots you can checkout and select E-Transfer. Once the checkout is complete you will have 1:30 hours to get the E-Transfer in or your spot will be released.
Shipping :
- Tracking -If you would like tracking for your shipment after the break is over, please email us at email@example.com and Dan will give you a quote. If you opt to ship without tracking we are not liable for any lost packages. Unfortunately, from time to time Canada Post can lose a package. We will do our best to help out but please understand we are not liable if tracking is not purchased.
- Delivery Times – Shipping times can vary depending on your location with regular shipping. Canada can be anywhere from 3 – 14 business days, USA can be anywhere from 4 – 20 business days and International shipments can be anywhere from 7 – 30 business days.
- Shipping Address – If you have moved recently please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com and let us know the new address. We, unfortunately, can't look at the back end or PayPal every time we ship to see if an address has changed so we ask that you let us know.
- Packaging – We ship everything in bubble mailers and count cases/top loaders. Dan goes through each package to see if there are any cards that should go with a top loader or 1 touch. If you would like a 1 touch for a card, please email Dan at email@example.com and he will let you know the cost.
For a break down of each Group Break Style, Click this link : Group Break Styles Information
All the trading, drafting and Random rules are posted in the link above.
For information on Consignments please Click : Consignment FAQS.
Connect With Us
- Watch Our Breaks Live On Breakers.TV
- Watch All Previous Breaks On Our Cloutsnchara Youtube Channel
- Follow Us On Cloutsnchara Facebook
- Follow Us On Cloutsnchara Twitter
- Follow Us On Cloutsnchara Instagram


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Pet Naturals of Vermont Daily Digest for Dogs uses digestive enzymes and probiotics to support healthy digestion in canines.
Does Fido hate the vet? Help him be happier and healthier now. Our highly palatable Daily Digest for Dogs chews support a healthy digestive tract and immune system. It incorporates bacillus coagulans, an extremely durable probiotic that supports digestion by producing a wide spectrum of enzymes and supporting the body's ability to eliminate hostile bacteria. Maintaining healthy levels of enzymes also promotes nutrient absorption and utilization. Daily Digest supports the immune system and digestion throughout daily stresses such as traveling, kenneling, training, and de-worming. Go with your gut and get the most out of your expensive dog food!
About Pet Naturals of Vermont
All raw materials utilized in Pet Naturals products are of the highest quality and are evaluated for purity and potency prior to use. Pet Naturals of Vermont's research and quality control department is responsible for stringent quality control, and their guaranteed assays are performed with state-of-the-art instrumentation. Best manufacturing procedures are followed at all times to ensure that their exacting standards are consistently met.
The potencies of Pet Naturals of Vermont's products are scientifically formulated to help pets enjoy optimal health and wellness. Active components are carefully combined for the best possible metabolic support. As part of Pet Naturals' product development process, their formulas are professionally evaluated by their Veterinarian Advisory Board to ensure optimal ingredient content and utility. The ingredients Pet Naturals uses are guaranteed to conform to the highest standards of quality, purity and potency for maximum utilization by animals. Pet Naturals labels offer the most readable and complete ingredient listings. Pet Naturals invites you to compare potencies and formulas. Every formulation is developed to work in balanced combination with any and all other Pet Naturals products. Moreover, all Pet Naturals products must pass sophisticated laboratory testing before they are approved for distribution.


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Theorem Consider a family of closed intervals, $I_1 = [a_1, b_1], I_2 = [a_2, b_2], \ldots$. If $a_n \leq a_{n+1}$ and $b_{n+1} \leq b_n$ for all $n$ then there is an $x$ which is in every $I_n$, that is, there is an $x \in \displaystyle\bigcap_{n=1}^{\infty} I_n$.
If, however $I_n$ is an open interval, then the Theorem would fail. A counterexample from the book is $\bigg(0, \dfrac{1}{n}\bigg)$ which "kinda" makes sense but honestly I don't fully understand it yet since it is slightly different with what I came up with. My counter example was $\bigg(\dfrac{-1}{n}, \dfrac{1}{n}\bigg)$ which base on the assumption that if $x \in I_n$, then $a_n < x < b_n$ for all $n$. And my reasoning was, if these two sequences $\dfrac{-1}{n}$ and $\dfrac{1}{n}$ meet at the same limit, then there no such $x$ can satisfy $0 < x < 0$. So my question is, is my counterexample correct? Any suggestion or idea would be greatly appreciated.


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Exchange Rate Analysis in Support of IMF Surveillance
- I Determination and Impact of the Real Exchange Rate
- 1 Commodity Currencies and the Real Exchange Rate
- 2. Exchange Rates and Trade Balance Adjustment in Emerging Market Economies
- 3 Aid Volatility and Macroeconomic Policies
- 4 Exchange Rate Pass-Through in the Euro Area
- II Assessing Competitiveness and the Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate in Specific Countries or Country Groups
- 5 Estimation of the Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate for South Africa
- 6 France, Germany, Italy, and Spain: Explaining Differences in External Sector Performance Among Large Euro Area Countries
- 7 Maintaining Competitiveness in the Global Economy
- Modeling the Real Exchange Rates in WAEMU and CEMAC
- III Considerations in Choice of Exchange Rate Regime
- 9 To Peg or Not to Peg: A Template for Assessing the Nobler
- 10 Exits From Heavily Managed Exchange Rate Regimes: How Good Has the Going Been?
- 11 Long-Run Determinants of Exchange Rate Regimes: A Simple Sensitivity Analysis
7 Maintaining Competitiveness in the Global Economy
- Charalambos Tsangarides, Carlo Cottarelli, Gian Milesi-Ferretti, and Atish Ghosh
- Published Date:
- September 2008
Show Summary Details
You are not logged in and do not have access to this content. Please login or, to subscribe to IMF eLibrary, please click here


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GE purchase of Wurldtech focuses on cybersecurity
General Electric is strengthening its position in the cybersecurity market after agreeing to acquire Wurldtech, a privately held Vancouver, British Columbia-based company and developer of cybersecurity technology.
This move is one of several by GE to help protect critical infrastructure and advance cybersecurity efforts globally for key industries, according to the Fairfield company. Wurldtech services are used in complex environments such as oil refineries and power transmission grids or for assets like medical devices or smart meters.
"The world of OT (operations technology) security needs to be foundationally different from traditional IT (information technology) detection systems. Securing connected machines has a unique set of complexities that are very different from protecting a data center," Bill Ruh, vice president of GE Software, said in a statement. "We are focused on software platform security, protecting critical infrastructure and helping to ensure the reliability of Industrial Internet operations for our customers and industries. The acquisition of Wurldtech is a perfect fit for addressing all of these big challenges."
Terms of the deal were not disclosed.
The acquisition will enhance the reliability of industrial Internet operations, according to GE.
"We are excited about the opportunity to be part of GE and continuing to develop our strategy to provide best in class cybersecurity protection solutions for critical infrastructure markets," Wurldtech CEO Neil McDonnell said in the statement.
With the acquisition, GE is positioning itself as an important adviser in water and electricity -- the "commanding heights" of the U.S. economy, said Christopher Kukk, political science professor at Western Connecticut State University in Danbury and an international security fellow at Harvard University.
If water and electricity security sources come under attack, industry and Americans' well-being would be severely affected, said Kukk, whose doctoral thesis was on the international security of water.
The purchase comes as the Department of Homeland Security reported more than 250 cybersecurity incidents in 2013.
"It's going to keep increasing," Kukk said. "GE is positioning itself to be a top consultant to the government as incidents continue to grow."
Because Wurldtech would retain its name and be a subsidiary, it would not be considered a division of the company, said Roger Aguinaldo, CEO and publisher of M&A Advisor.
"They would be owned 100 percent by GE," he said, "but they would not be totally integrated into all of GE's back offices."


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Baked or Fried this is a Carribean style donut, but served as breakfast with lunch or dinners on the Island!
Fried Johnny Cakes Recipe from St. Maarten
3 cups flour
1 tablespoon baking powder
1 1/2 teaspoon salt
2 tablespoon sugar
1/2 cup shortening
2/3 cup water or milk, or enough to make dough
Mix dry ingredients together. Cut in shortening, or rub in with fingers. Add water or milk slowly, just enough to make soft dough. Knead a few times until dough is smooth and holds together. Let rest for 10-20 minutes. Shape into round pieces and flatten on a board with a little flour,( They also put a hole in the middle, that's how they looked when we went there I didn't do that here) then prick with fork. The oil must be hot before frying or use a fry daddy. Fry at medium-high heat, turning several times, until brown and crusty on both sides. Frying time usually takes around 15-20 minutes. You will need to drain them on paper towels, then cover them with a towels to rest around 10 minutes.
These are not too sweet, but intrigued me when we went on our cruise excursion. This lady was nice enough to tell me how to make them. Similar to a donut, just not sweet. Goes really good with any meal. These are found all over the Islands. Johnny Cakes is not unique to Jamaica. Versions can also be found in the Eastern Caribbean islands as well as places like Turks and Caicos, Cayman Islands and St. Croix.
|We took quite a few excursions to see the different Islands, this was St. John's
Johnny Cake Recipe from Bahama's
Makes 1 8-inch cake
2 cups all purpose flour
1 teaspoon salt
3 teaspoons baking powder
½ cup cornmeal
¼ cup sugar
3 teaspoons oil
About 1 cup water or milk
Whisk dry ingredients together, and then add oil and enough water or milk to make very thick dough and knead (about 1 cup). Place in a greased 8 inch baking dish or an 8 inch greased cast iron pan. Cover loosely with plastic wrap and let rest for 30 minutes. Bake in a 375 degree preheated oven for 30 minutes, or until golden brown. Serve in wedges or slices with butter or honey.
Of course for all my Italian readers, you know we are accustomed to (click on Fried Dough )aka Pizza Fritta, this was quite a change, its always nice to see and experience different cuisine...
|Italian Pizza Fritta what we grew up with, on a family traditional Sunday morning, Ciao.


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Fundraising shows tight battle for Senate control
WASHINGTON — A dozen Democratic candidates in key Senate races collected $1 million or more for their campaigns in the final months of 2013 — as their party fights to retain control of the chamber in November's midterm elections.
Republicans, however, are gaining ground in several crucial contests, including Arkansas, where Rep. Tom Cotton's $1.2 million haul gave the Republican an edge over two-term Democratic Sen. Mark Pryor, one of the Senate's most endangered incumbents.
In Michigan, where both parties are battling over an open Democratic seat, Republican former secretary of State Terri Lynn Land raised more than $1 million and added $600,000 of her own money to her campaign coffers during the fourth quarter of the year to surpass Democrat Rep. Gary Peters, who brought in $1 million.
The political parties are in an all-out war for the Senate, where Republicans have their strongest chance in years of winning the majority. GOP leaders need a net gain of six seats to take control of the chamber and hope to capitalize on President Obama's low approval ratings and the rocky implementation of his signature health care law to sway voters in their favor.
"Whether it's Obamacare or ... growing the economy and creating jobs, voters feel deceived and taken advantage of by their Democratic senators and will vote to replace them with competent and credible alternatives," Brad Dayspring, a spokesman for the National Republican Senatorial Committee, said in a statement.
Democratic incumbents face particularly dangerous terrain in four Republican-leaning states — Arkansas, Alaska, Louisiana and North Carolina — all captured by the GOP's presidential nominee, Mitt Romney, in 2012.
Louisiana Sen. Mary Landrieu and North Carolina Sen. Kay Hagan, both Democrats, each outraised the leading Republican candidates vying to replace them. Hagan took in $2 million in the final fundraising quarter of 2013, swamping the $700,000 collected by North Carolina House Speaker Thom Tillis, who hopes to be the GOP candidate facing her in November.
For her part, Landrieu opened the election year with $6.4 million in available spending money, exceeding Republican Rep. Bill Cassidy's $4.2 million stockpile of cash.
"In large part, we are winning the money race all over the country," said Justin Barasky, a spokesman for the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee. "It shows a rejection of voters, even in red states, of the recklessness of the Republican agenda. Voters don't want to re-litigate the health care law."
Sen. Mark Begich, D-Alaska, raised $850,000. But in an early sign of fundraising strength, Republican Dan Sullivan raised more than $1.2 million in the first three months of his candidacy, giving the state's former natural resources commissioner a big advantage in a three-way GOP primary. He joined the race last fall.
To bolster their prospects of retaining the Senate, Democrats have trained their sights on two Republican-held seats in the South. In one, Georgia Democrat Michelle Nunn, the daughter of former Sen. Sam Nunn, has been a fundraising powerhouse, collecting $1.6 million during the last three months of the year. A crowded field of Republicans is vying for the chance to face Nunn in November.
In the marquee race of the midterms, meanwhile, Kentucky Democrat Alison Lundergan Grimes matched the $2 million haul of Sen. Mitch McConnell, the Senate's top Republican. McConnell, a five-term incumbent, has a huge stockpile of unspent cash — $10.9 million, more than three times what Grimes has. But he also faces a primary opponent, Matt Bevin, while Grimes has clear shot to her party's nomination.
Bevin and other Tea Party-aligned candidates could complicate Republicans' election efforts. Six GOP incumbents — in Mississippi, Kentucky, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Kansas — face primary opponents. Increasingly well-funded insurgent groups, such as the Tea Party Patriots and the Senate Conservatives Fund, plan to put their financial and organizational muscle behind several of the GOP upstarts.
In South Carolina, for instance, Sen. Lindsey Graham is headed into a June primary with four other GOP candidates. Tea Party-aligned groups have questioned his conservative credentials, citing his work on an immigration bill that would allow a path to U.S. citizenship for 11 million undocumented immigrants and his votes for Obama's Supreme Court nominees.
Graham is taking no chances. He raised $1.3 million in the final months of the year and started 2014 with more than $7.6 million in the bank — the largest campaign stockpile of his two-term Senate career.
Campaign manager Scott Farmer said Graham's big haul is a sign of momentum. "We're looking forward to a spirited campaign on Sen. Graham's conservative record," he said.
Follow @fschouten on Twitter.


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On the fence about what to wear to that fancy dinner party? Why not consider cat fur jewelry, which can now be purchased on craft sites like Etsy.
One designer based in the United Kingdom, Flora Davis, decided to take clumps of fur from her freshly groomed cat, form it into "pearls," and rope it together, Wired reports.
For Davis, it takes anywhere from one to three months to collect the fur and roll it all together.
Davis said the idea first struck her when her hairy feline companion had hairballs gather around her apartment. "The balls had a lovely appearance that reminded me of oversized white pearls," Davis told Wired.
"This was my inspiration for using Gaia's 'toys' in a way that would display my love for this special cat."
The necklaces start at $95 and go up to $280, and Davis promises she has necklaces for all occasions. No guarantee on whether your date will be impressed that there's clotted fur around your neck.
View Davis' Etsy profile here.


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Blackstone Rushes $2.5 Billion Purchase as Homes Rise
By John Gittelsohn and Heather Perlberg – Jan 9, 2013
Blackstone Group LP (BX), the largest U.S. private real estate owner, accelerated purchases of single- family homes as prices jumped faster than it expected.
Blackstone has spent more than $2.5 billion on 16,000 homes to manage as rentals, deploying capital from the $13.3 billion fund it raised last year, said Jonathan Gray, global head of real estate for the world's largest private equity firm. That's up from $1 billion of homes owned in October, when Blackstone Chairman Stephen Schwarzman said the company was spending $100 million a week on houses.
"The market is moving much faster than anybody thought possible," Gray said during an interview in Blackstone's New York headquarters. "Housing is much stronger than people anticipated."
Read the story: Bank CEOs See No Housing Crisis
Blackstone is the largest investor in single-family homes to manage as rentals, acquiring properties in nine markets, from Miami to Phoenix, where prices surged 22 percent in the 12 months through October. The firm, along with Thomas Barrack's Colony Capital LLC and Two Harbors Investment Corp. (SBY), is seeking to transform a market dominated by small investors into a new institutional asset class that JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM) estimates could be worth as much as $1.5 trillion.
The market, which has been "dominated by 'Mom and Pop' owners" could total 12 million homes and be double the size of the institutional multifamily market, JPMorgan analysts led by Anthony Paolone, wrote in a note yesterday. "A corporate structure with institutional capital around the business makes sense."
Racing Recovery
Blackstone, which started buying the properties last year, has been racing against the real-estate recovery as prices across the U.S. rose more than economists forecast, with the areas hardest hit by the crash rebounding the most.
The S&P/Case-Shiller index of property values in 20 cities increased 4.3 percent in the 12 months through October, the biggest 12-month advance since May 2010, the group said last month in New York. Prices will gain 3.3 percent in 2013 after an estimated 4.5 percent jump last year, based on the median estimates of 15 economists and housing analysts surveyed by Bloomberg News.
Blackstone is buying in Atlanta, Chicago, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Northern and Southern California; Miami, Orlando and Tampa, Florida — where prices fell so far that they "overshot," said David Roth, managing director at Blackstone overseeing single-family home rentals.
'Warehousing' Homes
Blackstone has been purchasing through foreclosure auctions and short sales, in which banks agree to accept less than is owed on the mortgage, after more than 5 million homeowners lost their homes since the market's peak in 2006.
Read: Goldman Sachs Part of Fed-Led Foreclosure Settlement
It's bought so quickly it's "warehousing" more than half of the homes it's acquired as it completes the purchase and hires staff and contractors to renovate and rent the properties, Gray said. It takes about 30 days to fix each home and then as much as 30 days to lease the property, he said.
"Renovating the 16,000 homes is an enormous job," Gray said.
By comparison, D.R. Horton Inc. (DHI), the largest U.S. homebuilder by volume, sold 18,890 homes and generated $5.35 billion in revenue in fiscal 2012.
Colony Capital has bought about 5,500 homes since April, spending more than $500 million, and expects to reach $1.5 billion invested by the end of the year. Closely held Waypoint Homes said it has bought about 2,500 homes and expects to have 10,000 homes by the end of 2013.
Silver Bay
Silver Bay Realty Trust Corp., a publicly traded arm of Two Harbors, raised $245 million in an initial public offering last month. It rose 2.1 percent to $21.58 at 12:53 p.m. in New York, extending its 14 percent gain through yesterday since it started trading. The firm, led by Chief Executive Officer David Miller, a former Goldman Sachs Group Inc. executive and U.S. Treasury Department official, is the largest public real estate investment trust concentrating on single-family homes.
"We are seeing increased supply of rental homes as some of these big companies have moved into the space, but we're still seeing a strong appetite as well," said Colin Wiel, co-founder and managing director of Waypoint. "We always anticipated that prices were going to rise pretty quickly. They've risen quicker during the last 12 months than we would've guessed."
Blackstone currently buys all of its homes with cash and then finances pools of houses with up to 60 percent debt. Conventional single-family home mortgages are financed with a 20-percent down payment.
Credit Line
The firm got a $600 million line of credit from Deutsche Bank AG (DBK) in October. It's in talks with the Frankfurt-based lender to double the financing, according to two people with knowledge of the negotiations. Deutsche Bank will lead a group of banks that will contribute an additional $600 million, according to the people, who asked not to be identified because the talks are private.
Financial institutions have been slow to back single-family rental homes, because large investors have little history to demonstrate cash flows and cost of operations.
"While leverage is currently limited, potential financing options include secured credit lines, lending syndicates, high- yield debt, government sponsored enterprise-provided financing, and securitization," Jade Rahmani, an analyst with Keefe, Bruyette & Woods Inc. in New York, wrote in a note yesterday.
Citigroup Extended
Citigroup Inc. (C) extended a $245 million line of credit to Waypoint in October, enabling the investment firm to multiply its initial $150 million in capital from GI Partners, a Menlo Park, California-based private equity fund. American Residential Properties, which has 1,500 homes in five states, received a line of credit from Wells Fargo & Co. (WFC) in June 2010. The company announced plans for an initial public offering of shares as early as the first quarter of this year, depending on market conditions.
Acquisitions have been limited to one property at a time because holders of large pools of foreclosed homes haven't conducted bulk sales. Fannie Mae, the largest holder of foreclosed houses with an inventory of 107,225 repossessed homes as of Sept. 30, plans to sell most of them one-by-one after a bulk sale of 2,500 properties last year.
"Frankly, we see that our retail execution, selling individual homes to individual buyers, as still our best execution," Fannie Mae Chief Executive Officer Timothy Mayopoulos, said during an interview at Bloomberg's Washington office yesterday. "So we will continue to do the vast bulk of our executions in that way."
Fix, Sell
Blackstone's strategy in real estate generally has been to "buy, fix and sell," said Gray, who in 2007 engineered the largest real estate buyout ever when Blackstone acquired Sam Zell's Equity Office Properties Trust for $39 billion including assumed debt. Gray's real estate business brought in $1 billion in profit for the firm in 2011.
In the case of the single-family business, Blackstone will rent and manage the homes through Invitation Homes, which it founded last year with Riverstone Residential Group, an apartment management company based in Dallas.
While Blackstone ultimately will benefit from the properties' price appreciation, in the meantime, the homes will generate revenue and cash flow, Gray said.
"We're building a real company," he said.
To contact the reporters on this story: John Gittelsohn in Los Angeles at email@example.com; Heather Perlberg in New York at email@example.com
To contact the editors responsible for this story: Kara Wetzel at firstname.lastname@example.com; Rob Urban at email@example.com


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Covered California has 240 million dollars to get the word out about the state's new coverage options under the Affordable Care Act.
About a third of that will buy TV commercials, radio and digital media advertisements. Enrollment counselors and community-based educators will be involved too.
Dana Howard of Covered California says young people will be one target of their outreach efforts.
"It is essential that young healthy people be a part of the risk pool for insurance, that's not to say that we don't want to see sick people. We do want to see sick people. But as part of a healthy risk pool, you have to have a wide diversity," says Howard.
The marketing and outreach efforts are paid for by a one-time federal grant.
TV ads start up in some areas in September. Open enrollment starts October first, for coverage beginning in January.


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*Subject to credit approval. Rebate valid on qualifying purchase of $250 or more before tax; not valid on prior purchases. Complete purchase must be made on the Ford Service Credit Card. Offer valid 10/01/19 to 12/31/19. Submit rebate by 1/31/20 by mail-in rebate form or online at fordowner.com. Limit one $25 mail-in rebate per visit. Rebate by prepaid debit card. Cannot be combined with any other Ford Service Credit Card rebate/offer. Ford Service Credit Card is issued by Citibank, N.A. See Service Advisor for vehicle applications and rebate details. Offer valid with coupon. Expires 12/31/19.
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*Available for Motorcraft® brake pads purchased after 7/1/14 and Omnicraft™ brake pads purchased after 7/1/17. Nontransferable. Replacement requires copy of original repair order and completion of any other necessary brake service, such as brake rotor service. Motorcraft or Omnicraft brake pads must be installed by U.S. Ford or Lincoln Dealership or Quick Lane® technician to be covered. Pads only; labor costs not included. Restrictions and exclusions apply. See Service Advisor for details. Offer valid with coupon. Expires 12/31/19.
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*Motorcraft® is a registered trademark of Ford Motor Company. See your U.S. dealership for a copy of the limited warranty. Expires 12/31/19.
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Mojave Ford of Barstow
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Order Online or by Phone:
Code: d4420m
Super cool vintage 70s men's tuxedo jacket. Dark "German chocolate brown" (think The Ladies Man) with brown velvet lapels edged in shiny brown satin. (The photos have been lightened so you can see the details. its a dark brown!) Nice wide rounded split lapels. 1-button front with a curved hem- the back looks like it has slight tails because the front curves up. Edged in the satin all around the hem and on the pockets. Decorative pearly button on each cuff. Made by After Six Masters Chicago. Funk-a-delic!
Condition: Very Good. may be slightly musty from storage. dry clean.
Chest: 36" SMALL
Sleeves: 31" collar to cuff / 26" shoulder seam to cuff
Length: 31"
Shoulders: 17.5"


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This past Monday, December 14, 2009, marked the seven-year anniversary that the Modern has spent in its now-familiar building, built by Tadao Ando in the heart of Fort Worth's Cultural District. But what many people don't realize is that the Modern itself is much older than its building implies. In fact, the Modern was originally founded in 1892, making it the oldest art museum in Texas.
What began as a common goal shared by a group of local women, soon became reality in a small building that opened in downtown Fort Worth in 1901. By 1954, the Modern had relocated to Herbert Bayer's building in the Cultural District. Later, Texas architects O'Neil Ford and Association would make additions to this building, and the Modern would open its newly-expanded doors once again in 1974. Tadao Ando, of Osaka, Japan, began construction on what is the current building in Fall 1999, and the building was completed in August 2002.
Today, the Modern maintains one of the foremost collections of modern and contemporary art in the central United States, with more than 3,000 works in its permanent collection. It has recently hosted such exhibitions as No Room to Answer: Teresa Hubbard / Alexander Birchler and William Kentridge: Five Themes, and Susan Rothenberg: Moving in Place is currently on display.
Additionally, the Modern will be hosting Andy Warhol: The Last Decade beginning February 14, 2009.


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Detailshttps://www.koolaburra.com/1091991.html 1091991
Item No: 1091991
The Briona is a spring-ready staple that's sure to make a statement. Offered in a mélange of muted earth tones, a perf suede upper is met with a cork-wrapped wedge and grounded in a cushy EVA footbed for maximum wearability at home or on vacay.
- Perforated suede upper
- Ankle strap with buckle closure
- EVA footbed with arch support for all day comfort
- Cork-wrapped midsole
- 1" wedge
- Rubber outsole
Learn more details here.
Select a Color FROSTED ALMOND
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According to reports from the newest issue of Nintendo Power, Ubisoft will be publishing a new four-player fighting game based on the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. But it's who's developing the title that's interesting.
Supposedly, the team tasked with creating this 2.5D brawler is comprised of former Team Ninja staffers and folks who worked on Super Smash Bros. Brawl. GoNintendo is reporting that the Wii-bound fighter is scheduled for a late 2009 release and will feature online play said to outperform Brawl.
An Ubisoft rep is quoted as saying that the game, while licensed, is not directly tied to a movie or television show, but will be a standalone effort. Our interest in the turtles couldn't be much lower, as a grown man, but given the pedigree of the developers, we'll say "Go, ex-Team Ninja, go!"
New TMNT Game - More Details [GoNintendo]


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It's hard to say what is the most fantastic part about the Johnny Depp news flying about the Internet.
Is it word he'll direct a documentary about legendary rocker and fellow oddball Keith Richards, or that the news was first reported on a Serbian magazine and shot around the world?
The biggest Serbian news break of the new year was confirmed by Variety and is welcome news from the two giants. Icons in their own fields, their worlds came together when Depp admitted he borrowed Richards' over-the-top mannerisms to portray Jack Sparrow in the "Pirates" franchise role which rebooted his career.
U.S. & World
Richards' pop-culture impact was only magnified backstage at the Grammys this year when Alice Cooper regaled journalists with Richards tales, namely how the Rolling Stone guitarist refuses to understand why Cooper quit drinking 25 years ago. Richards has never mellowed or tamed or been told he should probably retire the head band. He will be a fascinating documentary subject especially seen through the eyes of Depp, who has not directed since the very forgettable "The Brave."
Depp's on much safer ground here and results will be entertaining even with the simple command of "roll camera." In fact, a documentary on the documentary would seem like a likely progression.


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Welcome to the USC Center for Systems and Software Engineering! Here we will be featuring our latest news, updates & events. We encourage all our Affiliates, Alumni and current members to send us their latest information, requests and especially upcoming events for us to post. Thank you for your continued support.
Tech Report access: http://csse.usc.edu/TECHRPTS/
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BearWeb is Baylor's secure online system allowing employees and students self-service access to personal data such as addresses, phone numbers, and emergency contacts. BearWeb is accessed using your BearID and password, along with two-factor authentication. For more information about two-factor authentication, see the Duo web page. It also includes the following information for faculty, staff, and student workers:
Employment Management System (EMS)
This system works in conjunction with the University's resource request system (BearQuest) to process data related to personnel requests. It is accessed through BearQuest and requires that a personnel request project be initiated there.
Job Descriptions
This online system allows authenticated users (via BearID and password) to search for and display job descriptions. The descriptions may also be edited (with appropriate security access).
Online Directory
This web-based application allows for the lookup of employee and auxiliary contact information by name or department and the creation of various pdf file full directories. Different levels of information are available based on the role and authentication level of the user and the information release settings of the persons whose records are being searched. Also, authenticated University constituents using the directory are provided links to update release settings for their individual information.
For more information about the various means of individual identification see the Baylor IDs page.
Updated September 28, 2016


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How big was that quake?
Quantitative concepts: probablility, recurrence intervals, logarithms
by Dr. Eric M. Baer, Geology Program, Highline Community College
Essential Concepts
Generally there are several main concepts that our students struggle with when thinking about earthquake magnitude and size:
- the difference between earthquake magnitude, damage (intensity), and shaking,
- quantitatively measuring earthquake size including magnitudes, moment, and energy released,
- measuring earthquake damage, including intensity and the factors that determine intensity,
- how to measure earthquake shaking
The difference between earthquake magnitude, intensity, and shaking
Ask many seismologists what the most critical and common misunderstanding about earthquakes is and they will answer "the difference between magnitude and intensity." Earthquake intensity and magnitude measure different things and are often misunderstood, and it is shaking that links them.
Earthquake intensity is a measurement of damage. Earthquake magnitude is a measurement of the "size" of the quake - typically related to the amount of energy released. There is one magnitude for an individual quake, but the intensity varies significantly. Earthquake shaking is typically measured as an acceleration; higher magnitude earthquakes cause more violent shaking, which in turn typically cause higher intensity.People often think that magnitude of the earthquake is the only factor that determines damage. Typically this will be shown by someone asking if a particular building will withstand a "magnitude 8" earthquake - and ignoring the distance, duration, hazards other than shaking, and other factors.
How big was that quake? magnitudes, moments, and energy
When one asks "how big was that earthquake?" the answer is qualitative because it depends on what is meant by "big." There are several ways that the size of the earthquake can be measured quantitatively. The size of earthquakes is typically given as a magnitude.
Earthquake magnitude: MB, ML, MS, Mw - and what is the Richter Magnitude anyways?
There are at least 4 different measurements of magnitude in use today. This causes quite a bit of confusion. The most popular and well known is the Richter magnitude (ML), also known as the local magnitude. It is also the worst of the four. The body-wave (MB) and surface-wave magnitudes (MS) are offshoots of the Richter magnitude using those particular waves only. Finally, the fourth and perhaps least known is the best estimate of the size of the earthquake, the moment magnitude (Mw)
The Richter Magnitude
Charles Richter developed the Richter magnitude in 1935. It is defined as the logarithm of the amplitude (measured in thousandths of millimeters or microns) of the largest seismic wave measured 100 km from the epicenter on a particular brand of seismometer. The definition is an excellent place to start dissecting the problems with the Richter magnitude.
The first part of the definition creates the most confusion. The Richter scale is logarithmic, meaning that for each increase in the magnitude there is a 10-fold increase in the shaking. Few people understand this and it leads to substantial problems.
The logarithmic nature of the Richter magnitude isn't the only source of this scale:
- The Richter magnitude measures the largest seismic wave no matter what type it is p, s, or surface (For more information on seismic wave types see the seismic waves page). Duration does not mater.
- ML also is defined for seismograph 100 km from the epicenter , which is unlikely. Error-prone corrections must be made to estimate what the shaking would have been 100 km from the epicenter. The short-period Wood-Anderson torsion seismometer image from http://www.eas.slu.edu/Earthquake_Center/Instruments/wood_and.html
- The model of seismograph that Richter used is no longer in service and so other seismographs have to be calibrated to Richter's standard; this model was particularly sensitive to waves of one frequency, so earthquake magnitude was often determined by this single frequency waves.
Moment magnitude
The moment magnitude (Mw) scale is the most common magnitude scale in use among seismologists today, and seems to more reliably indicate the size of the earthquake than other. The moment magnitude is based on the seismic moment, which is determined by multiplying the amount of slip on the fault, the size of the fault plane, and the strength of the rock. This gives a result that is closer to measuring the amount of energy released by the earthquake. The moment magnitude is also logarithmic, however, and thus has some of the same drawbacks as the Richter magnitude. It is also somewhat harder to measure.
The seismic momentWhile most introductory students have not encountered moments before, I find that they can understand the concept of a seismic moment. It is only the name that stymies them! The seismic moment (MO) is
MO = µAd
where µ is the shear modulus of the rocks along the fault, A is the area of the rupture along the fault, and d is the average displacement along the fault.
Seismic energy
Whereas seismic moments are more precise, students believe they understand the measurement of seismic energy better - the amount of energy released by a quake. The measurement of energy does allow earthquake size to be related to some events that are more familiar to some students. For example, the great Sumatran earthquake released 5x1025ergs, which is the energy released by 1200 megatons of TNT. The largest US nuclear weapon had a yield of 25 megatons TNT.
None of the four magnitude scales, the seismic moment or even the amount of energy released measure what most people want to know, and that is how shaking occurred, and how much damage was done.
Earthquake intensity - the real measure of the "badness" of the earthquake
Earthquake damage is measured on an intensity scale, the most common being the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale.
The Mercalli scale is denoted by roman numerals in order to differentiate it from magnitude scales. It is an integer scale—there is no ranking between IV and V. The lowest number, MMI I, is for areas where the quake was barely perceived, often only by instruments. The maximum value, MMI XII is for virtually complete destruction.Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931
Not felt by people, except under especially favorable circumstances. However, dizziness or nausea may be experienced. Sometimes birds and animals are uneasy or disturbed. Trees, liquids, bodies of water may sway gently.
Felt indoors by a few people at rest, especially on upper floors of multi-story buildings. As in Grade I, birds and animals are disturbed, and trees, structures, liquids, and bodies of water may sway. Delicately suspended hanging objects may swing.
Felt quite noticeably indoors; especially on upper floors of buildings. Hanging objects swing. Vibration like passing of light trucks. May not be recognized as an earthquake. Standing automobiles may rock slightly. Duration may be estimated.
Hanging objects swing. Vibration like passing of heavy trucks; or a jolt like a heavy ball striking the walls. Standing automobiles rock noticeably. Windows, dishes, doors rattle. Glasses clink. Wood walls and frames creak. Felt indoors by many during the day; outdoors by few. Some awakened at night. Liquids in open vessels are disturbed slightly.
Felt outdoors; direction estimated. Sleepers awakened. Liquids disturbed, some spilled. Small unstable objects displaced or upset. Doors swing, close, open. Shutters, pictures move. Pendulum clocks stop, start, change rate. Some windows may be broken; cracked plaster in a few places. Disturbances of trees, poles, and other tall objects sometimes noticed (slight shaking).
Felt by all. Many frightened and run outdoors. Persons walk unsteadily. Windows, dishes, glassware broken. Knickknacks, books, etc. off shelves. Pictures off walls. Furniture moved or overturned. Weak plaster and masonry D (Weak materials, such as adobe; poor mortar; low standards of workmanship) cracked. Small bells ring. Trees, bushes shaken (visibly or heart to rustle). Damage slight. Liquids are set in strong motion.
Frightens everyone. Difficult to stand. Noticed by drivers of automobiles. Hanging objects quiver. Furniture broken or overturned. Damage to masonry D, including cracks. Weak chimneys broken at roofline. Fall of plaster, loose bricks, stones, tiles cornices, parapets. Some cracks in masonry C (Ordinary workmanship and mortar; no extreme weaknesses like failing to tie in at corners, but neither reinforced nor designed against horizontal forces). Waves on ponds; water turbid with mud. Small slides and caving in along sand or gravel banks. Large bells ring. Damage is negligible in building of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built ordinary buildings; considerable in poorly built structures.
Alarm approaches panic. Steering of moving cars affected. Trees shake strongly, and branches break off. Sand and mud erupt in small amounts. Changes in flow of wells and springs. Decays pilings broken off. Cracks in wet ground and on steep slopes. Heavy furniture overturned. Damage slight in specially designed structures; considerable in ordinary substantial buildings with partial collapse; great in poorly built structures. Twisting, fall of chimneys, factory stacks, towers, elevated tanks. Frame houses moved on foundations if not bolted down; loose panel walls thrown out.
General panic. Ground cracks conspicuously. Damage considerably in specially designed structures; well-designed frame structures thrown out off plumb; great in substantial buildings, with partial collapse. Buildings shifted off foundations. Underground pipes broken. Sand boils develop. Serious damage to reservoirs.
Most masonry and frame structures and foundations are destroyed. Well-built wooden structures and bridges are severely damaged, and some collapse. Ground, especially where loose and wet, cracks up to widths of several inches; Sand and mud shift horizontally on beaches and flat land. Large landslides. Water is splashed (slopped) over banks. Open cracks and broad wavy folds open in cement pavements and asphalt road surfaces. Dams, dikes, embankments are seriously damaged. Railroad rails bend.
Few (masonry) structures remain standing. Damage is severe to wood frame structures. Bridges destroyed. Broad fissures in ground. Underground pipelines completely out of service. Earth slumps and land slips in soft ground.
Damage is total. Large rock masses displace. Waves seen on ground surfaces. Lines of sight and level distorted. Objects thrown upward into air.
The Modified Mercalli Intensity scale is based on human observations of damage and effects of earthquakes, not any measurement by a machine. In fact, on their web site, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/ 'the U.S.G.S. currently requests damage reports' from anyone who has felt an earthquake. This information is gathered to produce an intensity map quickly and from many sources.
Each earthquake event has a wide range of intensities, even though each event has a single magnitude. Intensity is determined by a number of factors including:
- the amount, duration, and frequency of seismic shaking
- building construction
- nature of non-shaking hazards (such as liquefaction, tsunami, and landsliding).
The MMI scale has some obvious advantages but is not without its problems. It is somewhat subjective; some areas have characteristics of two or more intensities; an intensity map may take a long period to develop; and finally, scale is not always appropriate to all areas of the world with different building practices. Despite all of these detractions, a good intensity map is probably the best way to answer the question "how bad was this quake?"
Intensity is typically shown on an isoseismal map - a contour map of the intensity. I find construction of these maps as an in-class activity (see below)is an excellent reinforcement of the concepts of contour maps that I emphasize in other parts of the course, including topographic maps.
Measuring shaking - the primary determinant of damage and intensity
Shaking is one of the primary determinants of damage, and is something that most students can relate to but is rarely dealt with quantitatively. This is a shame, since it is an excellent opportunity to tie the clear consequences of an earthquake to the fundamental equations of physics.
Shaking in an earthquake is measured in a variety of ways, but the most common single measurement is the maximum shaking, typically measured as a peak ground acceleration (PGA). Other units that are important may include peak ground velocity, duration of shaking, and the spectraldistribution of seismic shaking. Acceleration is often the primary consideration in looking at shaking because it determines how much force an earthquake impacts on a building, and thus if a building will stand. Many students may be familiar with the equation
F = m a
Units of shaking: g isn't grams!
Accelerations are typically measured in units of g, where g is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Earth. An acceleration of 1.0 g would alternatively throw you up in the air and slam you to the ground with twice the force of gravity alone. This rarely occurs in earthquakes, and would cause catastrophic damage if it occurred for any length of time. Typical accelerations in earthquakes are between 0.05 and 1 g. 0.005g would be barely felt (and not felt by many), shaking over 0.05 g is unpleasant, and few buildings would survive an acceleration of more than 0.5 g. Since shaking is almost always less than 1 g, it is also reported as a percent of g. Thus shaking of 0.1 g would often be labeled 10% g.
Since shaking is one of the primary causes of damage, there is a clear trend of higher accelerations causing greater damage and therefore greater intensities. As a result there is a correlation between acceleration and Mercalli Intensity.
|Modified Mercalli Intensity
|Acceleration (g)
|Above 1.24
While the peak acceleration is important, and is indeed the crucial number that many, if not most, engineers design buildings for, it is not the only control on damage. The duration of shaking is also important because the materials that buildings are made of, especially steel, can become fatigued. So a structure may withstand a force of 0.2g for a short while, the bending that the movement causes weakens the edifice until it might fail. This can be easily seen by bending a paper clip many times. Never is any more force being applied to the clip, but each time it is bent, it is easier to bend it until it breaks. This is a particular problem in large buildings that are designed to sway in earthquakes. Swaying initially is generally good as it dissipates the seismic forces, allowing the building to stand, however the swaying can lead to catastrophic failure due to fatigue.
Teaching Examples
- Earthquake Shaking and Damage This is a student homework exercise designed to familiarize students with earthquake shaking, acceleration, intensity and hazards, including the quantitative measurement of these properties. Students examine quantitative measurements of earthquake hazard from the U.S.G.S. then use these numbers to determine the damage to their homes (or another location) that could be inflicted by a quake with a 500-year recurrence interval (10% probability of exceedence in 50 years). By using students' own homes, they see the impacts of shaking, hazard, and intensity in a more personal, connected way.
- Earthquake Shaking—Building Contest and Shake Table Testing Activity This activity has students build buildings and test to see how resistant to shaking they are. Using the recommended accelerometers, it can give a student an excellent idea of why shaking matters.
- The Richter Scale Activity This interactive macromedia page allows students to use a nomogram to determine the ML for 4 different quakes.
ResourcesThere are too many excellent resources on the subject of the size of an earthquake to list all here. However, some good starts:
- Earthquakes (5th Ed.) The best single reference on this topic written for the non-geophysicist.
- http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/index.php 'Learning and Information from the U.S.G.S. Earthquake Hazards Program' This entry into the educational part of the U.S. Geologic survey includes links to earthquake facts, a glossary, and resources for students and teachers.
- Several U.S.G.S. fact sheets discuss these topics:
- "ShakeMaps"-Instant Maps of Earthquake Shaking
- Earthquake Shaking-Finding the "Hot Spots"
- Did You Feel It? Community-Made Earthquake Shaking Maps
- The Severity of an Earthquake Describes magnitude and Mercalli intensity scales.
- Investigating Earthquakes through Regional Seismicity This module has a great deal of information about earthquakes including many very nice activities. Module 3 is particularly relevant to these topics.


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SOUTHAMPTON, N.Y. (AP) – Inbee Park was 19 when she became the youngest player to win the U.S. Women's Open, not very experienced at golf or at life.
She had much to figure out after a victory that hinted at so much promise, and it took more than four years of sagging under pressure and tinkering with her swing before the South Korean earned another title.
The talented teenager from 2008 has now blossomed into a dominant veteran, the favorite heading into this week's U.S. Women's Open. Ranked No. 1, Park has won the first two majors of the year and her last two tournaments.
And she's at peace with her game and her world.
"The weeks that I've been having recently, I don't think I really need to think about golf outside the golf course,'' Park said. "I'm just very happy when I'm off the golf course.''
At Sebonack Golf Club on Long Island, Park will seek to make history. When there have been at least four majors in a season, no player has ever won the first three of the year.
She'll take on a course hosting its first major. Sebonack, designed by Jack Nicklaus and Tom Doak, opened in 2006 with views of the Great Peconic Bay. Its big bunkers and undulating greens offer a links-style challenge. The fairways are broad, but just landing the ball in them may not do much good; placement could be crucial.
"It feels like the last few U.S. Opens, it's all been how straight you can drive the ball, and that is kind of who has won the tournament,'' said second-ranked Stacy Lewis. "So I like this year that you don't have to drive it perfect off the tees, but you've got to play smart into the greens.''
Park has relied on her clutch putting to win five times already this season and seven of her last 23 starts dating to last year. She suspects her strong short game was the one silver lining to her longtime struggles with pushing her tee shots to the right. She estimates she was missing nine or 10 greens per round, so she spent a lot of time trying to save par.
"I was just hitting it everywhere. I had to get it up and down from everywhere,'' Park said.
Her drives straightened out, Park has gone from saving pars to making birdies.
Some of her struggles were bad habits, but some of it was undoubtedly pressure. She remembers how she would spend much of Thursday and Friday worrying about whether she'd make the cut. If she hit a bad shot, she'd immediately start fretting about carding a bogey. After winning the 2008 U.S. Women's Open, she went more than four years before her next victory at the Evian Masters last July.
"When you don't know how to handle the pressure, it's not a good feeling at all,'' she said. "Your heart's pumping; you think all the negative things.''
Working with a mental coach, she's learned how to empty her head of those thoughts. Away from the course, it's easy to relax.
Park's fiance travels with her on tour, and she has friendly rivalries with fellow players like defending U.S. Women's Open champion Na Yeon Choi.
After Park won the LPGA Championship earlier this month, the two South Koreans took some time off at Choi's home in Orlando. They made kimchee soup and Korean barbeque, played tennis and went bowling.
"I think she's really comfortable with her life right now,'' Choi said. "I think she's very happy. She never thinks negatively. Everything is thinking positively.''
Park returned to competition to take another title at the NW Arkansas Championship last week. Mickey Wright in 1964 is the only player to win the U.S. Women's Open after victories in her previous two tournaments.
Choi's title last year started a streak of four straight major championships by South Koreans. An American hasn't won a major since Lewis at the 2011 Kraft Nabisco Championship, a drought of nine tournaments.
Two-time champ Juli Inkster, who turned 53 on Monday, will be playing on a special exemption in her 34th U.S. Women's Open, which breaks the record held by Marlene Hagge.
Tournament officials will keep a close eye on the weather report, with strong winds expected, to decide on pin placement. Sebonack may be new to golf majors, but the challenges from the local conditions are well known. When neighboring Shinnecock Hills hosted the 2004 U.S. Open won by Retief Goosen in the wind, nobody broke par in the final round.
"I think this course, par is your friend,'' said Yani Tseng, who has five major titles but has yet to win a U.S. Women's Open.
Park predicted a few three-putts, knowing players will need to stay patient and calm. She's been doing that better than anyone lately.
"I'm trying to enjoy where I am,'' Park said, "and trying to keep this going as long as I can.''


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Primary Care Sports Medicine
The JPS Sports Medicine team specializes in preventing, diagnosing and treating injuries related to athletics and/or physical activities. Our board certified physicians provide care to athletes of all ages throughout Tarrant County. They serve as team physicians for many of the area high schools located in Fort Worth and Arlington. Additionally, you can see them on the sidelines at Texas Christian University athletic events.
But care isn't limited to school-aged athletes. Adults and seniors and those who consider themselves "weekend warriors" are also seen and treated for previous injuries and those recently suffered.


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Olympus and Kodak Agree to Implement Four Thirds System Digital SLR Camera Standard. First-of-its-kind common standard for digital cameras.| Digital SLRs
Olympus and Kodak have announced that they have agreed to implement the Four Thirds System (4/3 System), a new standard for next-generation digital SLR camera systems that will ensure interchangeable lens mount compatibility. The two companies have resolved to aggressively implement this new standard in their respective product lines, and to establish the Universal Digital Interchangeable Lens System Forum, an industry forum that will promote acceptance of the Four Thirds System by other camera manufacturers. Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. has already agreed to participate in the new standard.
About Four Thirds System
The Four Thirds System is not based on existing standards for 35mm film SLR camera system lenses, but instead establishes a new common standard for the interchange of lenses developed exclusively to meet the optical design requirements of digital SLR cameras.
4/3-Inch (Type) Image Sensor Size
The Four Thirds System uses a 4/3-type CCD, CMOS or other image sensor, and will facilitate the development of dedicated digital camera lens systems that maximize image sensor performance and ensure outstanding image quality while also being smaller and easier to handle than 35mm film SLR camera lens systems.
Lens Mount Standardization
By establishing an open standard for camera body and lens mounts, the new system will make it possible to standardize lens mounting systems, something that has been impossible to achieve with digital SLR cameras that are based on existing 35mm film SLR lens systems. In addition, the new system defines standards for image circle size (the diameter of the area in which the subject is resolved) and back focus distance (the distance from the lens mount to the image sensor).
Development Background
Current digital SLR cameras with interchangeable lenses are basically based on conventional 35mm camera systems. As a result, they must be equipped with image sensors that are comparable in size to 35mm and APS film. However, because the imaging characteristics of these large CCDs are fundamentally different from those of film, a number of issues can prevent them from achieving their full performance potential. These include: (1) Although film is capable of responding to light striking the surface at a high angle of incidence, a high angle of incidence can prevent sufficient light from reaching sensor elements at the periphery of a CCD and result in reduced color definition, particularly when shooting with wide-angle lenses. (2) To achieve the resolutions required by the micron pitch of today's CCDs, the demands of optical design tend to result in the use of larger and heavier lenses.
Moreover, manufacturers of digital SLR camera systems have until now adopted the mounting systems used in their own respective 35mm film SLR cameras, making bodies and lenses produced by different manufacturers incompatible with one another.
In light of these circumstances, the new Four Thirds System standard was conceived to facilitate the design and development of digital SLR cameras and lenses that maximize the performance potential of digital imaging sensors, and provide users with product advantages such as compact size, handling ease, and enhanced functionality.
The major benefit of Four Thirds System is that it allows the design of dedicated, high-performance digital camera lens systems that are more compact than 35mm film SLR camera lens systems. The impact of the more compact lens size will be especially marked on telephoto lenses, making it possible to produce a Four Thirds System 300mm telephoto lens, for example, that offers performance equivalent to an approximately 600mm lens on a 35mm film SLR camera. In other words, it will be possible to offer the same angle of view in a lens that is only about one-half as long. The 4/3-type image sensor size will also allow the development of bright, high-performance zoom lenses that are more compact than those needed for use with image sensors the size of APS or 35mm film. By taking advantage of the more compact lens size, it will therefore be possible to develop lens systems that are much easier to handle than conventional 35mm film SLR camera lens systems.
Furthermore, standardization of the lens mounting system will make it possible for consumers to photograph combining with bodies and lenses produced by different manufacturers, and enjoy a wider range of product selection.
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Hollywood's big guns were out in full force Thursday night for the L.A. premiere of the blockbuster sci-fi naval-combat action flick "Battleship."
Director Peter Berg ("Friday Night Lights," "Hancock") made a spectacular entrance, rolling down the red carpet (which happened to be blue) in a spikey-wheeled sci-fi vehicle.
"Obama was in town tonight, so I heard traffic would be a bit messed up," he joked after stepping out of the "shredder"—a representation of one of the weapons in the movie.
Brooklyn Decker, Taylor Kitsch, Alexander Skarsgard and Liam Neeson also walked the carpet, stopping to sign autographs, give interviews and mingle with some of the military guests who were on scene.
Fans were forced to wait to the very end, however, to get a glimpse of Rihanna, the most eagerly-awaited celebrity of the evening.
She had earlier Tweeted a photo of herself hooked up to an intravenous drip, stirring up rumors that she might be too ill to attend.
When she finally arrived—fashionably late in a plunging white dress—she was greeted by chants of her name. As she stopped for an interview, she readjusted the dangerously little amount of fabric covering her and said, "It's a little windy today. I've got to hold on."
She explained that she had been sick with the flu, but is "a lot better now" after taking a few days off to rest.
Her mother, father, two brothers and friends had come along to support the singer in her first major movie role (playing a weapons specialist).
"I didn't know if I'd be any good or if I would like it," she said about her first try at acting. "But it has been really tremendous.
"Battleship," which has the U.S. Navy fending off alien invaders in a $211 million, special-effects-filled production, hits theaters nationwide May 18.


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Kirgizstan after Ethnic Riots of June 2010 – Timely evacuation of Indian Students
Millions of Indians had not heard the name of a former USSR state, now independent country, after dismemberment of USSR. Kirgizstan is a mountainous country, on its north is Russia and on its South is Afghanistan. Indians came to know of Kirgizstan because there were Indian students when ethnic riots broke out and they were confined to their houses, witness to large scale burning of houses of ethnic minority, Uzbeks and their continuous massacre. Indian Ambassador in panic immediately got in touch and informed the Indian government in consultation with Kirgiz government so that Indians are evacuated as early as possible without being victims of riots. Luckily Government of India woke up in time and got the Indian students, without any of being physically harmed, rescued to the joy of students, their families and even whole of India. It was commendable effort by government of India to airlift them. But for their being Indian students trapped there India would have ignored the ethnic rioting there and Indians would not have bothered about ethnic riots.
The civil war in Kirgizstan in june 2010 resulted in large scale rioting and merciless killing in streets and in their houses which were set on fire and residents of ethnic minority Uzbeks were even burnt alive. It is reported that more than 400 Uzbeks were killed and 4,00,000 were forced to flee to save their lives. Russian government was called by Uzbeks and the government of Uzbekistan to intervene by sending its army to save the Uzbeks who, too, were citizens of erstwhile USSR. But Russia just looked across the border and did nothing to stop the rioting and killing. But after the restoration of peace in Kirgizstan, Russia attempted to set up a base in Oshi, close to Afghanistan with a view to halt drug trafficking from Afghanistan to Russia through Kirgizstan. Militarily also Russia is aware that USA has virtually lost war against Taliban in Afghanistan and American Army will have to quit by the end of 2010 or early 2011 as America has suffered heavy cost in men and money in this 10 year old futile war which has affected American economy and prestige all over the world. Though Russia did not intervene in civil war Russia is concerned with happenings there as both Kirgizstan and Uzbekistan, like Afghanistan are Muslim countries. Russia wants to keep as eye on developments there.
After the civil war which ended in July 2010 there had been overdue elections which were held on 10th of October. The very fact that election could be and were held and that too, successfully is significant. There are likely to be problems, on Kirgiz had two coups in the last five years. President Askar Akayer who was President for the last 15 years was forced to quit in 2005. His successor Bakiyer was ousted after June 2010 bloodshed. As in the first ever particularly elections no single political part Parliamentary was in a position to form stable government, it is a coalition government which includes nationalist party from Southern Kirgizstan which had been secure of ethnic violence. Even then it is hoped by all the Kirgizstan citizens, including the southern part divided from north with high mountains and that is close to Afghanistan that there would be in peace because the new interim President was proponent of parliamentary elections and is committed to peace and harmony in Kirgizstan for its economic development.


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Designing the Volkswagen Jetta SEL for a trusted market
It was conceived in Germany. The United States and Canada contributed 11 percent of its parts. Mexico gave 40 percent - including its turbocharged 1.8-liter in-line four-cylinder gasoline engine.
Japan sent the six-speed automatic transmission, which also can be operated manually. The whole thing subsequently was assembled in Puebla, Mexico, and shipped to the United States as the 2014 Volkswagen Jetta SEL sedan with a "candy white" exterior and two-tone "ebony" and "cornsilk" leatherette passenger cabin.
Welcome to the global world of automotive development, production and retail. It lays to waste conventional wisdom about the national origin of products, as well as much of the nationalist pride attached to that misconception. It also speaks to other truths - the increased use of and need for global trade; the real need for improved education in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and foreign languages and cultures; and the increasing obsolescence of traditional trade unions.
I know. You thought this was going to be a car review. It is, featuring the aforementioned VW Jetta SEL, a front-wheel-drive compact family sedan targeting the world's working and middle classes. It is a car that serves its intended audiences well. But that is beyond the point.
VW's job was to deliver an affordable automobile with maximum content to buyers long suffering from stagnant wages, unemployment and threats of unemployment - people also weighted with the illusion that they deserve and can have anything, especially in a car. That task was extremely difficult with currency exchange rates and trade-union wages and work rules in Germany. It also was problematical with many labor rules and wage scales in North America. So, how to do it?
VW used a formula being used more and more by its global competitors: Design and develop in a trusted home market. Outsource engineering and parts production to proven and highly competent - but lower-cost - foreign partners. Assemble in a hungry-for-work, competent, low-wage environment. Deliver a fully equipped (onboard navigation with rearview backup camera, heated seats, premium sound system, advanced safety engineering) 2014 Jetta SEL sedan to target markets for $27,345 - thousands of dollars below what many European, Japanese and North American rivals charge for a similarly equipped automobile.
You might hate the politics. But car companies aren't terribly interested in politics - left, right or center. Their main concern is making money, which they can do by delivering a product to as many consumers as possible with the content and pricing those people find attractive. In 2011, VW tried to price the Jetta more attractively by stripping content. That worked for consumers who don't care about turning in earth-scorching zero-to-60-mph acceleration times, diving into corners on sharp turns, or doing the other mostly silly things that capture the fancy of too many people who review automobiles.
But perception in the car business is everything. And with bad reviews proliferating on the 2011 Jetta, VW officials knew they had to try something else. So they went global, which was a safe bet because of the inherently selfish nature of consumers, which is this:
Many consumers might moan and groan about shipping jobs to foreign countries; they might wring their hands and lift their voices in anger and angst about the demise of trade unions and the triumph of corporations. But they will wear their union jackets and sweatshirts to Wal-Mart, or while shopping for a good deal on a Hyundai, a Kia or a made-in-Mexico Volkswagen. Most of them are not the least bit concerned about looking for the union label.
They want a safe, reliable, reasonably fuel-efficient car at what they deem a good price, and that is what they get in the new Jetta SEL. The turbocharged (forced air) direct-injection engine is new for 2014, and with 170 horsepower and 184 pound-feet of torque it easily outclasses the normally aspirated 2-liter four-cylinder gasoline engine (115 horsepower, 125 pound-feet of torque) still being used in the base and S versions of the Jetta sedan. The upper versions of the Jetta - SE, SEL and TDI - now come with interiors featuring high-quality materials, attractive design and sensible layout in addition to desirable options such as seat heat and onboard navigation.
All of the Jetta models mentioned will get you to where you want to go safely, reliably, and easily within the posted speed limits of most local, state and national highways and byways.
I don't care where it comes from. The Jetta SEL gets a "buy" here.


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A total of three Hope College students and one high school student who study voice at Hope earned honors in the National Association of Teachers of Singing (NATS) Michigan State Chapter Auditions, held at Grand Valley State University in Allendale on Saturday, Nov. 3.
The Hope students earned two second-place awards and one third place award, and the high school student earned a first-place award. A total of 247 students from colleges and universities and high schools from throughout the state competed in about 15 categories.
Jenna Buck, a 2012 Hope graduate from Elburn, Ill., who is continuing studies at the college, placed second in the Advanced Men and Women category.
Jared Duimstra, a sophomore from Appleton, Wis., placed second in the Second-Year College Men category.
Rosemary Walsh, a freshman from Evanston, Ill., placed third in the First-Year College Women category.
Jamie Colburn, a sophomore at Holland High School, earned first place in the High School Musical Theatre category. Colburn had placed first in the High School Men category last year.
Buck, Walsh and Colburn are students of Linda LeFever Dykstra, who is an associate professor of music and chair of the voice division at Hope. Duimstra is a student of JungWoo Kim, an assistant professor of music at Hope.
The auditions provided cash prizes and a chance for the first-place winners to sing in an honors recital at the end of the day. In addition, all of the first-, second- and third-place honorees will have the opportunity to compete in the Great Lakes Regional Auditions in March, competing with other student winners from Michigan, Indiana, Ohio and Ontario, Canada.