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The aim of the present study was in a case-control design to evaluate the association between nocturia and obstructive sleep apnea, in men and women who had nocturia ≥ 2 per night (nocturics) compared to those without nocturia (controls).
Participants were randomly selected among respondents in a population study of 4000 elderly individuals. Nocturia was assessed using the validated Nocturia, Nocturnal Enuresis, and Sleep-interruption Questionnaire (NNES-Q). Nocturia (≥ 2 voids/night) or control (< 1 void/night) status was assessed by a 3-day frequency volume chart (FVC). Furthermore, all participants completed an overnight ambulatory polygraphic recording to identify obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Of 1111 eligible individuals, a total of 75 nocturics and 75 controls (13.5%) were included. Overall, the prevalence and severity of OSA among nocturics and controls was not significantly different. In a sub-analysis we found that 22 nocturics with OSA (69%) had nocturnal polyuria. This led to a significantly increased risk of having OSA (OR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.3, p < 0.05) when having nocturnal polyuria compared to other pathophysiological causes of nocturia (polyuria, low bladder capacity, a combination of nocturnal polyuria/low bladder capacity, and neither nocturnal polyuria/low bladder capacity).
Nocturia twice or more was not significantly associated with OSA. However, nocturics with nocturnal polyuria had a significantly higher risk of having OSA than nocturics with other pathophysiologies.
Bing MH; Jennum P; Moller LA; Mortensen S; Lose G. Obstructive sleep apnea in a danish population of men and women aged 60-80 years with nocturia. J Clin Sleep Med 2012;8(5):515-520.
Sleep apnea patients often have nocturia, mainly due to nocturnal polyuria,1,2 possibly because of increased plasma and urine levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), leading to increased natriuresis and diuresis.3,4 Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment may reduce the nocturia.5–7
The frequency of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA), increases with age.8 The main cause of SDB is OSA, a repetitive partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep leading to repetitive hypoxic episodes.9 If OSA is combined with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), the condition is termed obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The prevalence of OSA in Denmark is 10% to 15% of men and 5% to 8% of women 30-60 years old10; however, a minority of persons with OSA have OSAS, estimated at 2% to 4% of men and 1% to 2% of women.11 Despite the common occurrence of OSA in older adults, its clinical significance remains unclear12,13; it is especially unclear whether there is an association between nocturia and OSA in a general population. Data regarding this issue have mostly emerged from sleep clinic populations14,15; results from unselected populations are sparse.12,26 However, data demonstrate that older adults with severe sleep disordered breathing have an increased number of nocturia episodes.
Current Knowledge/Study Rationale: Nocturia and OSA are common conditions in the elderly population. Is there an association between the two conditions in the general population?
Study Impact: The study showed no overall difference in prevalence of OSA among nocturics and controls. However, nocturics having nocturnal polyuria, had a significant increased risk of having OSA.
Nocturia, defined as waking up at night to void,2 is highly prevalent in the elderly population.16–18 The pathophysiological causes of nocturia are polyuria, nocturnal polyuria, low bladder capacity, sleep disorders, or combinations of these. Age-related changes in the lower urinary tract (including prostatic disease) may cause nocturia, but factors unrelated to the lower urinary tract may also play a role.19,20 Factors like excessive fluid before bedtime, alcohol, caffeine, diuretics, and pathological conditions such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, neurological diseases, and OSA may be involved.2,19,21
Data regarding nocturia and OSA emerging from a general population are sparse; however, such data might elucidate the overall risk of having OSA in nocturics. This might support the clinician in selecting individuals with nocturia who should be referred for further work-up in a sleep clinic.
The aim of the present study was in a case-control design to evaluate the association between nocturia and obstructive sleep apnea by comparing men and women who had nocturia ≥ 2 per night (nocturics) to those without nocturia (controls).
Nocturia was defined as waking up at night to void. Nocturnal polyuria was defined as nocturnal urine volume larger than 33% (in the elderly) of the total 24-h urine volume. All definitions were in accordance with ICS terminology.2
Nocturia was assessed in a population study using the new and validated Nocturia, Nocturnal Enuresis, and Sleep-interruption Questionnaire (NNES-Q).18,22 Daytime sleepiness was evaluated using Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).23 The ESS is designed to provide a measurement of an individual's general level of daytime sleepiness. Respondents are asked to rate on a scale of 0-3 how likely they would be to doze off or fall asleep in 8 situations, based on their usual way of life in recent times.
Except for gender-specific items (e.g., deliveries, hormonal treatment, prior gynecological surgery, prior prostate surgery) the questionnaire as a whole, was similar to all. The total number of items in the questionnaire was 98 for women and 94 for men.
Participants were randomly recruited among respondents in a population study of 4000 men and women aged 60-80 years. Details from this study have previously been reported.18 The inclusion criterion was if participants had completed a question on nocturia. Exclusion criteria were night shift work, severe physical disability, or mental impairment (dementia) and inability to follow instructions. Eligible for inclusion were participants who confirmed nocturic or control status by using a 3-day frequency volume chart (FVC), which recorded volumes and time of each micturition over 3 representative days. Voids that occurred between the time recorded for initiation of nighttime sleep and wake time in the morning were considered nocturia episodes; all other voiding was diurnal. Based on the FVC findings, individuals were categorized as nocturics if they had an average ≥ 2 nocturia episodes/night; controls had an average < 1 nocturia (less than one) episode/night over a 3-day period. Participants were asked to report urinary incontinence episodes in FVCs (Figure 1).
Flow-chart of participants
(more ...)
Medical history was obtained through semi-structured interviews. Physical examination was performed, and height and weight measured. All participants completed an overnight ambulatory polygraphic recording identifying chest and abdominal movements, airflow through the nose, and pulse oximetry (Embletta PDS, Flaga, Iceland), which is a valid standard method of screening for SDB.24
Participants were given oral and written instructions on how to use the polygraphic equipment on the day of the sleep study. The sleep recording equipment was returned within 1-2 days and data downloaded. Sleep data was evaluated for technical quality; if insufficient, the study was repeated.
Data analysis was performed by initial automatic scoring, supervised by an experienced polygraphic technician and lastly evaluated by one of the authors (PJ) who was blinded for knowledge of nocturic or control status. Technically adequate recordings of ≥ 5 h sleep were required for the recording to be scored. When scoring the sleep recordings the following conventional definitions were used: Apnea was defined as the cessation of airflow through the nose ≥ 10 sec, and hypopnea was defined as the reduction in airflow ≥ 50% associated with a decrease in the pulse oximetry reading (desaturation) ≥ 4%.9 The severity of obstructive sleep apnea was described by number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI]). A central apnea event occurred if no abdominal movements were registered during an apnea event. OSA was defined as an AHI ≥ 5, and we defined OSAS as an AHI ≥ 5 and excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS score > 12).
A total of 46 participants in each group were needed to detect a difference ≥ 20% in frequency of OSA, with a statistical power of 80% and a 2-tailed type 1 error rate of 0.05. Fisher exact test or χ2 test was used to compare frequency data. Unpaired t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare continuous data. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between nocturic and control status, and the odds of having OSA. Prevalence of potential confounding factors in nocturic and control group was analyzed. Only factors in which a priori χ2 test (categorical data) or ANOVA (continuous data) was significant were included in the model. In all analyses, a 5% significance level was used.
The study was approved by the local ethics committee, Copenhagen County (KA 02049).
In all analyses, the significance level was chosen to be 0.05. The statistical packages JMP, Version 5 (SAS Institute Inc., http://www.jmpdiscovery.com) and SAS, Version 8.2 were used in the calculations.
Of 4,000 questionnaires sent, 2,799 (70.0%) answered affirmatively the question regarding nocturia, thereby becoming potential candidates for participation in the study. Of these, 1,022 participants were initially classified as nocturics and 1,777 participants as controls.18
A total of 607 nocturics and 615 controls were invited to participate; 93 (7.7%) respondents did not fulfill inclusion criteria according to FVC findings. Another 18 individuals were not eligible for inclusion (1 had died, 6 had concomitant medical diseases prohibiting their participation, 7 had moved away, and 4 withdrew consent). A total of 1,111 individuals were eligible for inclusion. We included 50 women in each group; however, we were only able to include 25 men within the time period from January 2003 to January 2005. Thus, a total of 75 nocturics and 75 controls (13.5%) were included. Median age was 71 years (range: 60-82) in nocturics and 66 years (range: 60-82) in controls (Table 1). Participants in this study were slightly younger (median age 67 years [range: 60-82]) than participants in the population study (median age 70 years [range: 60-80]).18,22
Characteristics of participants
Mean (95% CI) number of nocturia episodes in nocturics was 2.5 (2.3-2.6), and in controls 0.2 (0.1-0.2), with no significant difference between genders (Table 2). Frequency of individuals having nocturnal polyuria was 55% in nocturics vs. 20% in controls (p < 0.0001).
Nocturia, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score, and sleep variables in participants
Eleven initial sleep recordings (7.3 %) required repeated evaluation. Two participants with apneas/hypopneas had missing oxygenation recording even after repeated measurements; however they were classified according to their AHI. Further, more women nocturics had oxygen desaturation < 90% compared to controls (Table 2), whereas there was no difference in men. As seen in Figure 2 and Table 2, mean AHI in women was significantly higher in nocturics than controls, whereas no difference in men was observed. In terms of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, score no significant difference between nocturics and controls was observed.
The solid line is the median, the box the interquartile range, the bars the 10th and 90th percentile and the points the outliers.
AHI index in relation to nocturic and control status in men (A) and women (B)The solid line is the median, the box the interquartile range, the bars the 10th and 90th percentile and the points the outliers.
In nocturics and controls, no significant difference in prevalence and severity of OSA was observed (Table 3). In women, 34% of nocturics had AHI ≥ 5 vs. 24% of controls; in men 56% of nocturics had AHI ≥ 5 vs. 60% of controls. With a more strict definition of OSA based on AHI ≥ 15, the prevalence among nocturics dropped to 16% of nocturics vs. 4% of controls (women) and 32% of nocturics vs. 32% of controls (men). Only one nocturic had OSAS, and this patient had been previously diagnosed with narcolepsy.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) distribution according to nocturic or control status, stratified by gender
Overall, no significant association between OSA and nocturia in general was demonstrated (OR 1.4, 95% CI: 0.7-2.9; Table 4). One participant had both OSA and central apnea events, and one had predominantly central apnea events. Exclusion of these participants did not change the result. Among those with nocturnal polyuria, there was no significant association between OSA in nocturics vs. controls (OR 1.3 [95% CI: 0.4-4.3]).
In a sub-analysis among nocturics only, we found that 22 individuals with OSA (69%) had nocturnal polyuria. This gives a significant increased risk of having OSA (OR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.3) when a nocturic had nocturnal polyuria compared to other pathophysiological causes of nocturia (polyuria, low bladder capacity, a combination of nocturnal polyuria/low bladder capacity, or neither nocturnal polyuria/low bladder capacity). In addition, only 7 controls with OSA (27 %) had nocturnal polyuria, and there was no significant increased risk of having OSA when nocturnal polyuria occurred in controls (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 0.6-6.0).
We found no significant difference in the prevalence of potential confounders such as hypertension, cardiac disease, neurological disease, use of hypnotics, diabetes, or alcohol intake between nocturics and controls (Table 1). Only time spent in bed differed between the groups. BMI and smoking differed only between women nocturics and controls (Table 1).
Our study assesses the association between nocturia and OSA in an unselected elderly population of nocturics and controls. We used the validated Nocturia, Nocturnal Enuresis and Sleep-interruption Questionnaire (NNES-Q) for assessing nocturia22; nocturia was defined according to the International Continence Society2 and OSA according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force.9 Assessing voiding and sleep related respiratory variables within the same sample, selected from a general population have only been addressed in few studies.12,26 These studies demonstrated that older adults with severe sleep disordered breathing have an increased number of nocturia episodes. Most previous studies have been performed in patients attending sleep clinics.37,39
The protocol included an intensive examination program, which may partly explain the low participation rate (13.5%). It is likely that the subgroup studied represents a more mobile and healthier population than the total population, which may limit the external validity of the study.
Except from time spent in bed, and BMI, and smoking in women, the frequency of potential confounders did not differ between nocturics and controls (Table 1). This is in contrast with results from our earlier population study, which showed that several morbidities were associated with increasing nocturia severity.29 It has previously been demonstrated that time spent in bed differed between nocturics and controls,25 which was confirmed in our study, and we thus adjusted for this effect in the analyses (Table 4).
We found that significantly more nocturics than controls had nocturnal polyuria (p < 0.0001), with no difference between genders.41 This finding corresponds with studies by Swithinbank et al. (women),30 Rembratt et al. (men and women),31 and Massolt et al. (incontinent women)32 who found a markedly higher frequency of nocturnal polyuria in subjects having nocturia (≥ 2 voids) compared to no nocturia.
We found no significant association between nocturia per se and obstructive sleep apnea (Table 4). An explanation could be that the association between nocturia and OSA is only found in severe OSA as previously described in a study of community dwelling elderly.12 Further, a type II error may influence the results.
The finding of nocturnal polyuria in the vast majority of nocturics with OSA emphasizes the importance of elucidating the pathophysiology of nocturia in the individual person with nocturia twice or more. The present study shows that AHI was significantly higher in women with nocturia (Table 2); however, the AHI level was relatively low in both nocturics and controls, and the clinical impact of this gender difference remains unclear.
In a cross-sectional study of community older adults, Endeshaw et al.12 observed that elderly with an AHI of 25 or greater had significantly more nocturia episodes. This finding agreed with reports on sleep clinic patients.33 Endeshaw et al.12 noted that subjects were not randomized, which could have biased the results.
OSA may be associated with increased renal sodium and water excretion mediated by plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels.7,34,35 However, whether ANP level is associated with nocturnal polyuria in the elderly remains unclear.36 In a recent study by Svatikova et al.,37 the effect of moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI ≥ 20) on plasma ANP levels was examined. The authors concluded that acute untreated OSA and subsequent treatment with CPAP significantly altered the levels of ANP. Among contributing factors to nocturnal polyuria may be an age-related reduction in the diurnal variation in the secretion of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP)38; AVP is often undetectable in elderly with nocturia. However, studies of elderly persons have failed to find any correlation between nocturnal polyuria and AVP levels.42
Mechanisms other than those mentioned above may be involved in the pathogenesis of nocturia. Sagaya et al.40 studied biochemical and body composition differences between elderly with nocturia ≥ 2 with young and elderly control groups. The main finding was that in elderly persons with nocturia, a sleep disorder related to a decrease of melatonin may be considered, and a sleep disorder may decrease the threshold for awakening by the desire for voiding.
The above studies demonstrate that the mechanism explaining the association between nocturia and obstructive sleep apnea in the elderly remains unclear.
In conclusion, nocturia twice or more was not significantly associated with OSA in the present study. However, female nocturics had significantly higher AHI and more desaturations < 90% than female controls, indicating a trend towards women having more severe obstructive sleep apnea if they had nocturia. Furthermore, nocturics with nocturnal polyuria had a significantly higher risk of having OSA than nocturics with other pathophysiologies.
This was not an industry supported study. The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.
This study was financially supported mainly by Lions Club (Scandinavia), Augustinus Foundation, Director Jacob Madsen and Olga Madsens Foundation, AP Moeller Foundation and Ferring Pharmaceuticals. Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup County Hospital, Denmark has contributed with advice regarding design of the study and layout of the questionnaire, and technical support.
Umlauf MG, Chasens ER, authors. Sleep disordered breathing and nocturnal polyuria: nocturia and enuresis. Sleep Med Rev. 2003;7:403–11. [PubMed]
van Kerrebroeck P, Abrams P, Chaikin D, et al., authors. Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. The standardisation of terminology in nocturia: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 2002;21:179–83. [PubMed]
Krieger J, Laks L, Wilcox I, et al., authors. Atrial natriuretic peptide during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea before and during treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Clin Sci. 1989;77:407–11. [PubMed]
Ichioka M, Hirata Y, Inase N, et al., authors. Changes of circulating atrial natriuretic peptide and antidiuretic hormone in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Respiration. 1992;59:164–8. [PubMed]
Rodenstein DO, D′Odemont JP, Pieters T, Aubert-Tulkens G, authors. Diurnal and nocturnal diuresis and natriuresis in obstructive sleep apnea. Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;145:1367–71. [PubMed]
Zhang L, Huang X, Li X, Wu Q, authors. Alterations in renal function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and effects of continuous positive airway pressure. Chin Med J (Engl). 1997;110:915–8
Umlauf M, Kurtzer E, Valappil T, Burgio K, Pillion D, Goode P, authors. Sleep-disordered breathing as a mechanism for nocturia: preliminary findings. Ostomy Wound Manage. 1999;45:52–60
Young T, Shahar E, Nieto FJ, et al., authors. Sleep Heart Health Study Research Group. Predictors of sleep-disordered breathing in community-dwelling adults: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:893–900. [PubMed]
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Dahlstrand C, Hedner J, Wang YH, Pettersson S, authors. Snoring - a common cause of voiding disturbance in elderly men. Lancet. 1996;347:270–1
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Middelkoop H, Smilde-van den Doel D, Neven AK, Kamphuisen HAC, Springer CP, authors. Subjective sleep characteristics of 1,485 males and females aged 50-93: effect of gender and age, and factors related to self-evaluated quality of sleep. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med. 1996;51:M108–15
Bing MH, Moller LA, Jennum P, Mortensen S, Lose G, authors. Prevalence and bother of nocturia, and causes of sleep-interruption in a Danish population of men and women aged 60-80 years. BJU Int. 2006;98:599–604. [PubMed]
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Discount retailer Family Bargains is to open a £350,000 store in the north west, creating 35 jobs.
Family Bargains will begin trading from a 19,171 sq ft shop on New Hall Hey Road, Rawtenstall, later this month. It will be the 185th branch operated by the 99p Stores Group.
Family Bargains shops sell bigger ticket items than the 99p Stores outlets, including beds, dining tables and electrical goods.
The chain said it was working with the local Jobcentre Plus to fill the roles being created at the shop, which opens on April 27.
- Do you receive the MEN business bulletin? Take the hard work out of keeping up with Manchester business news and sign up for the twice-daily email

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Also known as the mantle of riddles, the necklace of koans, or the Band of Enigmas.
The chimera is a trifold beast, and the Chimeric ring likewise is a trifold item, both magical, and cursed.
A race of beings actually IS invunerable while in adolecence. They age, but cannot be killed. A miniority of the race (1 in 20) does not become invunerable, but rather becomes immortal at some point in thier adolecence, and ceases aging while being vunerable to death in all the normal ways. Another minority (also 1 in 20) Permanatly becomes invunerable after adolecence, but ages twice as fast as the race normally does. There is no known way to test for which of the three traits an individual manifests and the three traits cannot mix, as they are tied to the same gene, as it were.


text:
The royalty free loops, samples and sounds listed here have been kindly uploaded by other users and are free to use in your project. If you use any of these loops please leave your comments.
Read the loops section of the help area for more information on how you can use the loops.
Description : a good drop for your next melbourne bounce song in G.
Copyright © 2019
Looper Time : 2019-12-16 04:13:59 | Version l-3110


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The spirit of a creature trapped in amber cannot escape to it's afterlife / next incarnation / whatever.
Such trapped spirits can be contacted by those who know the right rituals and magical power derived from them – typically the power to control one individual of that species.
Can by quite powerful if the creature is a colony insect (ant, bee, wasp, etc) – simply control the queen and you command the whole colony.


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The Lakers improved their record to 20-25 and avoided what would have been a soul-crushing loss when they held off a late New Orleans surge to beat the Hornets 111-106. It should never have been that close, and L.A. needed some generous officiating in the final moments to pull out the win in a game they led by 18 with six minutes remaining.
Kobe Bryant had 11 assists on the night, giving him 39 over the last three games. That's the most he's ever had over three games in his career, and it leads us to ask if one of the game's most consistent scorers is daring to evolve his game. Sure, the years were bound to emphasize other parts of Kobe's game eventually. We're not sure yet just how to deal with the newly generous Kobe 2.0.
Send stories, photos, and anything else you might have to firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
CourtListener API - Followers
CourtListener is a legal database which has collected nearly 2.5M (and growing) legal opinions with rich meta data and citation network. The Opinions in the site's archives date back to the 1700s, making this a deep, rich source of data for many research projects. The CourtListener API allows users to access the legal data using REST calls. Users can make queries to get opinions, citations, citations by user, cites, jurisdiction, search, and coverage. An account is required with service.


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24 HASKINS & SELLS March . It becomes our sad duty, in this number of the Bulletin, to chronicle the death of Mrs. Sells, at Cromwell, Connecticut, Monday, February 20, 1922. Born March 3, 1862, at Dubuque, Iowa, Mrs. Sells, who before her marriage was Miss Mabel E. Graves, spent the earlier part of her life in the Middle West, coming to New York when Mr. Sells' professional engagements brought him here. While Mrs. Sells has been an invalid for the past fifteen years and her failing health more recently has given little hope of recovery, the realization of her death brings a sense of deepest sorrow and loss to the many by whom she was known and loved. The funeral services, held at her late home, "Wattland," King Street, Greenwich, Connecticut, Thursday morning, February 23, were attended by a large representation from the Haskins & Sells organization and members of the accountancy profession. The ceremony, characterized by its sweet simplicity, was most impressive, and the wealth and beauty of floral tokens were a fitting tribute to the esteem in which Mrs. Sells was held. The interment was in Putnam Cemetery at Greenwich, in a spot marked by its simplicity and thoughtful consideration in selection. The following note, written by Mr. Sells in appreciation of the many attentions of which he was the recipient, is expressive of the keen interest with which Mrs. Sells followed the progress of the organization: Dear Members of the Firm: The rose wreath on a pedestal in the bed of ferns with your expression of sympathy touched me deeply. Its delicacy, its beauty, and its magnificence typify the character of your constant interest in, and devotion to, Mrs. Sells and me during the many years of her failing health. Need I say of her that her loyalty to, and pride in the firm, and deep personal interest in each one of us, never faltered. Your attentions at this time will ever be a sweet memory and I thank you with all my heart. Sincerely, (Signed) E. W. S. Wattland, February 23, 1922. At a meeting of the Johnstown (Pa.) Society of Accountants, held on February 23, the speakers were Messrs. E. C. Gause and A. J. Farber of our Pittsburgh office. Mr. Gause spoke on "Financial Statements," and brought out the advantages of closing the books and preparing statements at the end of the natural business year rather than December 31. Mr. Farber dealt with the subject of "Tax Laws" and was engaged for several hours after the close of his paper in discussing questions bearing on the tax situation. It is with no small pride and pleasure that we announce that Messrs. J. F. Coer-ver, W. G. LaRue, J. M. Neumayer, W. A. Robertson and E. F. Wetteroth, all members of the St. Louis staff, have recently obtained the CP.A. certificate of the State of Missouri. This is a most encouraging and creditable showing, not only for each of the successful candidates, but also for the St. Louis Office. We also note with pleasure that Mr. C. Doiseau, Assistant Manager, New Orleans office, has recently received the C. P. A. certificate of the State of Louisiana. Mr. F. L. Wilkinson, of the staff of the New York 39th Street office, is to be congratulated upon his article, appearing in the Journal of Accountancy for March, 1922, entitled, "Accounting for Electric Light and Power Industries." The paper was presented as a thesis at the November, 1921, examinations of the American Institute of Accountants. PRESS OF WILLIAM GREEN, NEW YORK
Object Description
[News items]
|Personal Name
Sells, Mabel E.
Gause, Edmund Canby
Farber, Arthur John
Coerver, J. F.
LaRue, William G.
Neumayer, John M.
Robertson, W. A.
Wetteroth, Ernst F.
Doiseau, Clarence M.
Wilkinson, F. L.
Haskins & Sells. Philadelphia Office
Haskins & Sells. St. Louis Office
Haskins & Sells. New Orleans Office
Haskins & Sells. New York Office
Haskins & Sells Bulletin, Vol. 05, no. 03 (1922 March 15), p. 24
|Originally published by: Haskins & Sells
|Deloitte Digital Collection
|Digital Publisher
|University of Mississippi Libraries. Accounting Collection
|Date-Digitally Created
|HS Bulletin 5-p24


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Is Back In The Game
Some things you just can't part with, especially when they hold sentimental value. For Lori and Royce Ring it was this '53 Chevy, dubbed Ol' Red. Lori's husband, Roger, bought the truck back in '79 as a daily driver, but that all ended with Roger's death during the SCORE Baja race in '82. Instead of selling the truck, Lori kept it so her then three-year-old son, Royce, could drive his father's old truck for his first ride.
When Royce turned 16 things played out just as planned-he began driving the Chevy after his mom had the inline-six refreshed. However, it wasn't too long before Royce was out of high school and on to a career in Major League Baseball-he currently is a pitcher for the Atlanta Braves. This meant, once again, the truck project was on a 10-year hiatus. A year ago the truck's fate changed once again when Lori met builder Dana Mox. Together they began the process of rebuilding the '53 Chevy. Although not present at the time-Royce was then playing for the New York Mets-he still gave his input on the build from the East Coast. Between the three of them this is how things unfolded.
With the intention to drive the Chevy as much as possible, it was decided there was only one road to take in terms of building a chassis: to junk the outdated factory ensemble and go with a new aftermarket rolling chassis. Dana choose to throw an RB's Obsolete Serious Hardware chassis under the truck mainly because the new rectangular, boxed chassis offered the truck the rigidity and driveability needed in order to "behave" on the road. Up front the chassis is outfitted with a Mustang II setup, disc brakes, and rack-and-pinion steering. Complementing the front, out back the chassis features a Currie 9-inch and leaf springs. Helping the truck hug the ground is the fact the chassis is set up with front and rear sway bars. With the underpinnings under control, it was time to sort out the powerplant issue. As six-bangers are good for travelling from point A to B, it would have worked, but what fun would that have been? So, a new GM350 HO deluxe crate motor with GM Vortec heads was chosen. Bringing some appeal to the motor is a Zoop's serpentine system and a Billet Specialties air cleaner. Feeding the new motor is a Rock Valley rear-mounted gas tank. To handle driving that ranged from around town gas-n-go's to long hauls is a TCI 700-R4 tranny with a Hughes 2,800-stall converter and B&M trans cooler. Putting things in motion is a set of Budnik rims-18×10's in the rear and 17×8's in the front-with Dunlop rubber, 285/50/18's in the rear and 245/50/17's in the front.
When it came time to handle the bodywork, Lori and Royce wanted to keep the truck stock-appearing, just as it had always been. They did decide to tweak a few things here and there though. For starters, Dana removed the side vents on the cab and the gas filler neck. With that finished, he then smoothed the firewall. As for the bed and fenders, they were tossed aside and a new bed and front/rear fenders were ordered and installed. Instead of sticking with the stock taillights, Dana modified the rear roll pan to accept '41 Chevy taillights. He also modified the driver-side rear fender to accept a Hagan gas filler door. When it came time to pick a color Royce and Lori wanted to stay with red, because that's what it was when Roger drove it-yet they didn't want the truck to blend in with all the other red trucks out there. By pure chance Royce happened to run across the perfect color while shopping for a new car: DeBeers Ruby Red Metallic. Tod Overton was called up to work the body and spray the truck in DeBeers Ruby Red Metallic. Once painted, Dana finished assembling the truck with a new '53 front bumper, '54 rear bumper, So-Cal swan-neck mirrors, and an oak bed.
On the inside, the truck is a juxtaposition of classic and modern. The dash was left intact, except for the filled radio hole, Classic Instrument gauges and Vintage Air unit. The stock seat was tossed for a new WiseGuys seat with a folding armrest. The door panels, which utilize '57 Ford armrests, and headliner are custom one-offs thanks to Upholstery Masters in San Diego. Behind all that contemporary design is an Alpine DVD monitor and head unit inside the glovebox, and custom kick panels with Boston Acoustic speakers-not to mention the JL 10-inch subwoofers and Alpine amps behind the seat. All in all, the saying "three's company" couldn't be more true for this old Chevy.


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Lyrics:First verseDar is music in de banjo when it sounds, Dar is music in de whistle ob de breeze, Dar is music fo' creation on de whole ob dis plantation, Dar is music in de buzzin' ob de bees. But de sweetes music ever dat I hear, Is de sound de soft breeze to me gently brings, In tones so clear to my listenin' ear, When my Chloe, my sweet Chloe sings.RefrainDo yo' hear dem tones a-comin' Wid de ole banjo a strummin' why de bees dey stop dere hummin' when dey hears 'em come a long, O'er de whole o'dis plantation, Its de cause ob a sensation, Sweet es music in creation, Is when Chloe sings a song.Second verseDar is music in de tambourine and bones, Dar is music in de fiddle and de bow, Dar is lively music eber when the steamer down de riber, Comes a long an' lets her loudes' whistle blows. But de darkies come around fo' miles an' miles, It is wonderfull de crowd it always brings Wif ev'ry chile's face wreathed in smiles, When my Chloe, my sweet Chloe sings.
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Official Website
You can find more information on our web site (wpfastestcache.com)
When a page is rendered, php and mysql are used. Therefore, system needs RAM and CPU.
If many visitors come to a site, system uses lots of RAM and CPU so page is rendered so slowly. In this case, you need a cache system not to render page again and again. Cache system generates a static html file and saves. Other users reach to static html page.
In addition, the site speed is used in Google's search ranking algorithm so cache plugins that can improve your page load time will also improve your SEO ranking.
Setup of this plugin is so easy. You don't need to modify the .htacces file. It will be modified automatically.
Multisite Support
Wpfc supports WordPress Multisite [Details]
- Mod_Rewrite which is the fastest method is used in this plugin
- All cache files are deleted when a post or page is published
- Admin can delete all cached files from the options page
- Admin can delete minified css and js files from the options page
- Block cache for specific page or post with Short Code
- Cache Timeout – All cached files are deleted at the determinated time
- Cache Timeout for specific pages
- Enable/Disable cache option for mobile devices
- Enable/Disable cache option for logged-in users
- SSL support
- CDN support
- Cloudflare support
- Preload Cache – Create the cache of all the site automatically
- Exclude pages and user-agents
Performance Optimization
- Generating static html files from your dynamic WordPress blog
- Minify Html – You can decrease the size of page
- Minify Css – You can decrease the size of css files
- Enable Gzip Compression – Reduce the size of files sent from your server to increase the speed to which they are transferred to the browser.
- Leverage browser caching – Reduce page load times for repeat visitors
- Combine CSS – Reduce number of HTTP round-trips by combining multiple CSS resources into one
- Combine JS
- Disable Emoji – You can remove the emoji inline css and wp-emoji-release.min.js
Supported languages:
- 中文 (by suifengtec)
- Deutsch
- English
- Español (by Javier Esteban)
- Français (by PascalJ)
- Italiana (by Valerio)
- 日本語 (by KUCKLU)
- Nederlands (by Frans Pronk https://ifra.nl)
- Polski (by roan24.pl)
- Português
- Português do Brasil (Mario Antonio Sesso Junior)
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- Suomi (by Arhi Paivarinta)
- Svenska (by Linus Wileryd)
- Türkçe
Tangkapan Layar
- Upload
wp-fastest-cacheto the
- Activate the plugin through the 'Plugins' menu in WordPress
- Permission of .htacces must 644
- Enable this plugin on option page
- How do I know my blog is being cached?
You need to refresh a page twice. If a page is cached, at the bottom of the page there is a text like "<!– WP Fastest Cache file was created in 0.330816984177 seconds, on 08-01-14 9:01:35 –>".
- Does it work with Nginx?
Yes, it works with Nginx properly.
- Does it work with IIS (Windows Server) ?
Yes, it works with IIS properly.
- What does ".htaccess not found" warning mean?
Wpfc does not create .htaccess automatically so you need to create empty one.
- How is "tmpWpfc" removed?
When the cached files are deleted, they are moved to "tmpWpfc" instead of being deleted and a cron-job is set. Delete all files are so difficult for server so cron-job is set not to use a lot of CPU resources. Cron-job is set and it deletes 100 files every 5 minutes. When all files in "tmpWpfc" are deleted, cron-job is unset.
- Does Wpfc work with WPMU (WordPress Multisite) properly?
No. Wpfc does not support WordPress Multisite yet.
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Yes. Wpfc supports "Subdirectory Install".
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Yes, it is compatible with Http Secure (https).
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Yes, it is but you need to read the details. Click
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Yes, it is compatible with WP-Polls 100%.
- Is this plugin compatible with Bulletproof Security?
Yes, it is compatible with Bulletproof Security 100%.
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Yes, it is compatible with Wordfence Security 100%.
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Yes, it is compatible with qTranslate 100%.
- Is this plugin compatible with WPtouch Mobile Plugin?
Yes, it is compatible with WPtouch Mobile Plugin 100%.
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Yes, it is compatible with Any Mobile Theme Switcher Plugin 100%.
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Yes, it is compatible with WP-PostRatings.
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No, it is NOT compatible with AdRotate.
- Is this plugin compatible with WP Hide & Security Enhancer?
Yes, it is compatible with WP Hide & Security Enhancer.
- Is this plugin compatible with WP-PostViews?
Yes, it is compatible with WP-PostViews. The current post views appear on the admin panel. The visitors cannot see the current post views. The developer of WP-PostViews needs to fix this issue.
- Is this plugin compatible with MobilePress?
No, it is NOT compatible with MobilePress. We advise WPtouch Mobile.
- Is this plugin compatible with WooCommerce Themes?
Yes, it is compatible with WooCommerce Themes 100%.
Kontributor & Pengembang
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Log Perubahan
- to exclude the css source of elementor which is /elementor/css/post-[number].css to avoid increasing the size of minified sources
- to replace urls which have data-vc-parallax-image attribute with cdn-url
- to avoid clearing cache of feed after voting (All In One Schema.org Rich Snippets)
- to fix clearing cache after switching url on WPML
- to fix Undefined variable: count_posts in preload.php on line 112
- to update of Spanish translation
- to preload the language pages (WPML)
- to clear cache of the commend feed as well after clearing cache of a post
- to clear cache of /feed as well after clearing cache of a post
- to fix PHP Notice: Undefined index: wpfc in timeout.php on line 132
- to clear cache when a approved commens is updated
- to add swf extension for cdn
- to replace urls which have data-fullurl, data-bg, data-mobileurl and data-lazy attribute with cdn-url
- [FEATURE] Traditional Chinese language has been added
- to convert the icon from png to svg [by Roni Laukkarinen]
- to fix Undefined index: HTTP_HOST cache.php on line 321
- to create cache for xml sources
- to create cache for json sources [Details]
- to clear cache after Maintenance Mode activation/deactivation on Elementor plugin
- refactoring of clearing cache hook system
- refactoring of cache time-out time list
- to disable cache when "The site is experiencing technical difficulties." error occurs
- to clear post's cache which contains query string if WPFC_CACHE_QUERYSTRING is defined
- refactoring of excluding system
- refactoring of getWpContentDir()
- to fix the homepage cache problem when WPML with different url is used
- to prevent directory traversal attack (discoverd by Imre Rad)
- to check the page is 404 or not with http_response_code() if is_404() does not work
- [FEATURE] to add Custom Taxonomies on the preload feature
- [FEATURE] to show statistics of Preload
- to replace urls which have data-img-url attribute with cdn-url
- [FEATURE] to add WP-CLI command for clearing cache [Details]
- refactoring of is_amp()
- to clear cache of parent categories after clearing category cache [Details]
- to fix PHP Notice: Undefined variable: preg_match_rule in preload.php on line 418
- to show cloudflare integration warning if it has not been added
- to fix Preload visiting page urls without end slashes problem [Details]
- [FEATURE] to add Buffer Callback Filter [Details]
- to add application/x-font-opentype and application/x-font-truetype for browser caching
- [FEATURE] Widget Cache is compatible with WPML Multilingual Plugin
- to fix 403 forbidden error when the cdn-url is checking
- to exclude urls on preload
- to add exclude rule for admin cookie as default
- to prevent replace urls with cdn-url if the url has already been replaced with Jetpack
- to fix replacing origin-url with cdn-url for data-product_variations attribute
- to fix "Database Syntax Error" [Details]
- refactoring of read_file()
- to clear cache of author page after update/insert post
- to fix PHP Notice: Undefined offset: -1 in wp-fastest-cache/inc/js-utilities.php on line 47.
- to fix PHP Fatal error: Function name must be a string in /public_html/wp-content/plugins/wp-fastest-cache/inc/preload.php on line 316
- to support MultiSite (Beta) [Details]
- to enable gzip for x-font/ttf
- to prevent replace urls with cdn-url if the url has already been replaced with cdn.shortpixel.ai
- to disable webp image extension if cloudflare subscription is free
- to fix cache deletion security issue of WP-PostRatings (CVE-2019-6726 by Sebastian Neef)
- to add do_action("wpfc_is_cacheable_action") the plugins to be able to detect that a page has been cached or not
- [FEATURE] exclude woocommerce_items_in_cart cookie [Details]
- to replace lazy load blank.gif with cdn-url
- to exclude wishlist url of YITH WooCommerce Wishlist
- refactoring of is_amp()
- to add webm extension for cdn
- refactoring of current_url()
- to fix url with replacing cdn-url on data-product_variations attribute
- to increase browser cache time from 3 months to 4 months
- to fix bug on language dropdown [Details]
- to increase the value of Cloudflare Browser Cache Expiration to 6 months
- to exclude Twitterbot user-agent
- to fix PHP Warning: file_exists(): open_basedir restriction in effect
- to move "cache timeout" to under "delete cache" tab [Details]
- to prevent clearing cache after Ninja Form is submitted
- [FEATURE] Preload for custom post types
- to fix PHP Fatal error: Call to undefined function add_settings_error()
- to fix error which is Undefined index: SERVER_PORT
- to prevent running preload when cache is disabled
- to change saving options and notice system
- to replace image urls of woocommerce variable with cdn-url
- to fix url() problem for data:font/opentype
- to add add_action('wp') for detection current page type
- to support non-latin characters for clearing category cache
- to show cache if the url contains "fbclid" (Facebook Click Identifier)
- to show cache if the url contains "gclid" (Google Click Identifier)
- to show single clear cache button for the pages
- to show warning if wp cron is disabled when a cache timeout rule is added
- to disabe lazy load for the amp pages
- to replace urls on data-cvpsrc and data-cvpset attribute with cdn-url
- to clear the cache of a post which includes /%postname%/%post_id% permalink after the post is deleted
- to fix vulnerability
- to add "event" and "artist" custom post types for preload
- to fix pre tag problem after minify html
- to add woff2 extensions for cdn
- to support non-latin characters for exclude
- to support non-latin characters for toolbar clear current page cache
- to fix "removing dollar sign with number" on fixing pre tag
- to clear cache of cloudflare afer restart preload
- to exclude LinkedInBot user-agent
- to replace urls on data-large_image attribute with cdn-url
- to show language option via php instead of javascript
- to show warning if there is no zone on Cloudflare
- to fix Uncaught SyntaxError on cdn.js [Details]
- refactoring of cdn_replace_urls()
- [FEATURE] Clear Cache via URL [Details]
- to add webm, ogg and mp4 extensions for browser cache
- to fix Revolution Slider Error
- to make Cloudflare CDN integration work with sub-domains
- to fix error on js combine feature
- to fix error replace cdn-url
- to replace urls on data-thumb attribute with cdn-url
- to move the rules of Gtranslate at the top of WP Fastest Cache on .htaccess
- to define preload number manually [Details]
- to fix removing the escaped slashes of Cloudflare Integration [Details]
- [FEATURE] Compatible with Fast Velocity Minify
- [FEATURE] Microsoft IIS support
- to serve the sources of Rev Slider if the cdn integration is enabled
- to exclude woocommerce_items_in_cart cookie automatically
- to check wptouch-pro-view cookie
- to update russian translation
- to set browser caching for Cloudflare
- not to load the css and js sources of clear cache button when toolar is not visible
- to fix SyntaxError: Unexpected token M in JSON at position 0 error
- to rename the text on admin bar
- to move cdn functions to speed up wp fastest cache
- check if settings are indexed by multilang locales for WeePie Cookie Allow
- [FEATURE] to add Cloudflare integration
- refactoring of delete_cache_of_term()
- [FEATURE] exclude archives
- to delete cache of pagination after new post
- to add do_action() for deleteCache()
- to shorten the url of the minified and combined sources
- to fix excluding googleanalytics problem
- to create cache for mobile user-agents when mobile option is disabled
- [FEATURE] Compatible with WeePie Cookie Allow
- to check for 404 if the header return 200
- to clear all the cache if the visibility is converted to private
- refactoring of ignored()
- to stop loading the admin functions if DOING_AJAX is set
- to fix excluding attachment pages problem
- [FEATURE] Compatible with Yet Another Stars Rating
- to disable including powerfulhtml class for ajax request
- to convert the uninstall method to uninstall.php
- [FEATURE] exclude Google Analytics Parameters [Details]
- to add WPFC_DISABLE_WEBP [Details]
- to fix 403 cdn template error
- to fix height problem of lightbox
- to remove "via php" text if WPFC_REMOVE_VIA_FOOTER_COMMENT is defined as true
- [FEATURE] Restart Preload [Details]
- to fix the problem of selecting chinese language automatically
- to fix php notice trying to get property of non-object in delete_cache_of_term()
- to speed up getting db optimization statistics()
- to show the cache of main content without query string if google analytics parameters are set [Details]
- to fix the problem which show the same cache for every language on Polylang
- [FEATURE] to remove wordpress emojis [Details]
- [FEATURE] Compatible with Easy HTTPS (SSL) Redirection
- to clear of the post when WPML is active
- to exclude the renamed my-account page of woocommerce
- to add AddType x-font/ttf for gzip
- to fix the errors of Undefined property: stdClass::$post, stdClass::$page, stdClass::$category
- [FEATURE] exclude attachments
- to espace empty spaces for webp rules
- to clear cache after new Woocommerce orders
- [FEATURE] Compatible with kk Star Ratings
- to clear the pages cache of the categories and tags
- [FEATURE] Compatible with All In One Schema.org Rich Snippets
- [FEATURE] Compatible with WPML Multilingual Plugin
- [FEATURE] Compatible with Cloudinary
- to exclude the admins cookies for the cache automatically
- to clear the cache of category and tag after update
- refactoring of insertWebp()
- to exclude /cart automatically for eCommerce Shopping Cart by WP EasyCart
- to exclude /cart and /checkout automatically for Easy Digital Downloads
- to exclude /sitemap_index.xml automatically for Yoast SEO
- to decode path if it is not utf-8
- to fix problem on activation and deactivation
- to clear widget cache after publishing a new post
- to fix image error on Structured Data Testing Tool when cdn is used
- to optimize the panel of wp fastest cache
- to fix cache path for gtranslate
- to fix Cannot modify header error
- to add WPFC_HIDE_CLEAR_CACHE_BUTTON
- to avoid removing www prefix from photon cdn-url
- to prevent to empty origin-url on cdn wizard
- [FEATURE] to clear cache of post via post list
- preload for woocommorce product category
- to clear cache of tag and cat after product update
- to check that SG Optimizer is active or not
- [FEATURE] Preload for tags
- [FEATURE] Preload for attachments
- [FEATURE] exclude categories, tags, posts and pages
- [FEATURE] to clear cache of the post tags and the post categories after new post
- [FEATURE] WebP [Details]
- to fix BlogPosting error on Structured Data Testing Tool when cdn is used
- to fix more than one cdn work concurrently
- [FEATURE] Preload for category
- [FEATURE] Preload for woocommerce products
- [FEATURE] Widget Cache [Details]
- to add browser cache for woff2
- to fix Woocommerce basket issue
- to serve the sources via cdn for logged-in users
- to prevent removing "=" from exclude rules
- to change <FilesMatch ".(html|htm)"> to <FilesMatch "index.(html|htm)">
- to fix problem about random url of photon
- to replace origin-url which starts with /wp-content with cdn-url
- to replace wp_get_recent_posts() with get_results() for preload
- to replace the attribute which are data-srcsmall|data-srclarge|data-srcfull with cdn-url
- [FEATURE] Compatible with WP Hide & Security Enhancer
- to escape spaces in path for htaccess
- to fix the error of htaccess not writeable warning
- [FEATURE] WP AMP — Accelerated Mobile Pages for WordPress and WooCommerce
- [FEATURE] to support webp for leverage browser caching
- [FEATURE] to exclude REST API url which start with /wp-json
- [FEATURE] Google Fonts Async [Details]
- [FEATURE] Random option for Photon CDN
- to make compatible with the new rules of wordpress
- [FEATURE] Database Cleanup [Details]
- to decode URLs in non-latin languages for singleDeleteCache()
- to change the method of the premium update Details
- [FEATURE] Compatible with GTranslate
- to exclude avada-dynamic-css-css for css optimizations
- to compatible with Safir Mobile theme
- to update htaccess after activation
- [FEATURE] Compatible with Caldera Forms
- to prevent 404 errors for non-existent minified files
- to clear the cache of post cats and the cache of post tags after update post
- to add aac, mp3, ogg extension for CDN
- to serve wp-emoji-release.min.js via cdn if CDN integration has been added
- not to show the cache for comment authors
- to show how to enable gzip warning for Nginx
- to fix the check cdn-url issue which is cURL error 6: Couldn't resolve host
- to check http_response_code is 503 or not if DONOTCACHEPAGE is set
- to fix the warnings about clearing cache
- to fix the issue if a js source is called as ?site=site.com
- to be able to hide toolbar [Details]
- [FEATURE] Compatible with Yet Another Stars Rating
- [FEATURE] Cache Timeout with Hour and Minute [Details]
- to add style for manually preload
- to fix htaccess popup
- [FEATURE] exclude cookie
- to update user-agents with Microsoft Edge
- to fix duplicate menu problem
- to create /cache/index.html for security
- to create /cache/wpfc-minified/index.html for security
- to execute render blocking js before css and js (premium)
- to fix Undefined variable: trailing_slash_rule
- [FEATURE] Clear Cache for Specific Page [Details]
- to add http_host condition into htaccess
- [FEATURE] Compatible with Mailchimp mc4wp.com
- [FEATURE] Compatible with Hide My WP [Details]
- [FEATURE] Compatible with AMP
- [FEATURE] exclude css sources
- to fix Non-trailing Slash problem
- to add specify source option for cdn integration
- new interface of cdn tab
- [FEATURE] to add Photon
- [FEATURE] Multiple CDN
- [FEATURE] exclude js sources
- to improve Combine JS feature
- [FEATURE] Compatible with WpResidence theme
- [FEATURE] to call preload manually
- to fix the problem about replacing url after minify css
- to add "start with" option to the cache timeout
- to add uninstall feature
- to add "user-agent" option to the exclude page
- to convert cache time to local time
- to exclude WhatsApp user-agent
- to remove X-Wap-Profile from htaccess
- to show warning lightbox if the cache cannot be deleted
- [FEATURE] Set preload number
- refactoring of is_wptouch_smartphone()
- [FEATURE] to clear only the homepage cache
- wp nonces added for security
- to remove hostname from exclude rule
- to fix file cache problem
- to change the mobile user-agents
- to fix Wordfence Security report
- [FEATURE] Preload
- to exclude the renamed page of woocommerce
- to fix path which starts with ./ in css files
- [FEATURE] Compatible with Visual Composer Post Grid
- to prevent removing newlines from .htaccess
- [FEATURE] Compatible with WP-CLI
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- to fix PHP Notice: Undefined index: HTTP_ACCEPT
- to fix WP-Polls issue if PHP v5.6
- to remove
- [FEATURE] to add Polish language
- [FEATURE] to add CDN77
- to get the source of fonts.googleapis.com
- new style of Exclude Page
- to set cache timeout for specific pages
- gzip for woff type
- to fix "unknown error" of AWS cdn integration
- [FEATURE] chinese language has been added
- [FEATURE] Compatible with WP-PostRatings
- to add WPFC_TOOLBAR_FOR_AUTHOR
- to fix combine css issue if a file is empty after minify
- to add woff2 for browser caching
- to disable creating cache if get_option("home") is secure and current url is not secure
- to fix switching theme from mobile to desktop on wptouch
- to remove carriage return (^M)
- [FEATURE] Finnish language has been added
- [FEATURE] Nginx support
- to use case-insensitive file system for browser caching
- WAP-Browser has been added into mobile user agent list
- to prevent 404 error for wpfc-minified after clearing minified files
- [FEATURE] to add any cdn provider
- to prevent from xss attacks (Brendon Boshell)
- to clear the cache of homepage after update static page
- to clear the cache of homepage after update sticky page
- to clear the cache of homepage after update post which appears on homepage
- to add Amazon CloudFront CDN
- to add KeyCDN
- to update Russian Language
- to fix PHP Notice: Undefined index: HTTP_USER_AGENT
- to fix PHP Notice: Undefined index: name
- to fix combine js issue with commented out js
- to fix delete minify files issue
- to add image/svg+xml for leverage browser cache
- refactoring of minify and combine css features
- to fix redirection to /wp-content/cache/all for ssl
- to add text for toolbar icon
- to be compatible with Guideline
- to check zlib extension for downloading premium automatically
- to update Portuguese and Turkish languages
- to be compatible with sub-directory installation with renamed wp-content
- refactoring of js-utilities.php
- to fix delete comment issue
- to replace https:// and http:// to // after converting inline css to link
- to replace https:// and http:// to // after converting inline js to link
- to ignore the empty css files
- to optimize exclude page feature
- to fix mobile cache issue for ipad user if wp touch is used
- to prevent caching js files whose type is text/template
- to update Portuguese language
- [FEATURE] to add MaxCDN
- to remove comments from inline js
- to fix trim() issue
- to be compatible with Leaflet Maps Marker
- to prevent combine js file which is added by WP Socializer
- to make ruleForWpContent() pasive
- refactoring of inlineToScript()
- [FEATURE] Romanian has been added
- [FEATURE] to be compatible with WP Mobile Edition
- to prevent from sql injection attacks (Kacper Szurek)
- to prevent using Head Cleaner
- to show .htaccess rules if not writeable
- not to comment out Facebook js
- not to comment out document.createElement('script')
- not to minify and combine style and js codes in noscript tag
- to update Portuguese language
- to make compatible with Google Adsense plugin
- to add user-agent of Samsung S5, LG and HTC
- to add popup warning modal for premium download
- to remove mobile cache after update post
- wpfcNOT is visible only for admins
- to prevent creating cache for POST request
- to fix issue of converting inline js to internal file
- to fix inline css issue
- to prevent caching for renamed wp-login.php
- to stop caching for /wp-api/v1, /cart, /checkout, /receipt, /confirmation, /product – WooCommerce
- to prevent caching if useragent Mediapartners-Google
- to decrease pcre.recursion_limit in css optimization to prevent Internal Server Error
- to fix premium page issue
- exclude page is case insensitive
- to check buffer is json or not for checkWoocommerceSession()
- not to comment out Google Analytics by Yoast
- refactoring of checkHtml()
- other plugins can use the functions
- to put ";" at the end of js file if last char is not ";"
- to make compatible renamed wp-content sites
- to prevent using GZip Ninja Speed Compression
- to prevent using GZIP Output
- to show success message after saving exclude page
- style of left panel
- opera mini has been added into mobile user agent list
- to fix download premium version issue
- to prevent confliction on left menu
- to fix error and success message icon
- MIDP has been added into mobile user agent list
- to fix vulnerability (discoverd by 0pc0deFR aka Kevin FALCOZ)
- to fix issue of moving chartset to the top
- to prevent combine Google Fonts javascripts
- [FEATURE] exclude page
- to prevent inline to external if the style is used in the javascript
- to prevent creating cache for xmlrpc.php
- to fix white page issue because of combine css and js
- icons for premium version
- WPtouch issue has been solved
- improvement of cache delete
- to add ";" at the end of JS file if it does not exist
- to prevent comment out google analitics code
- refactoring of isPasswordProtected()
- the clear cache button on toolbar is available for editors
- index.html files have been added intead of .htaccess
- to prevent comment out inline js rules twice
- [FEATURE] to add delete button on the admin bar
- to fix url() problem for data:image/svg+xml
- to fix issue of text to visual
- refactoring of redirect rule
- to prevent the directory access
- to prevent from xss attacks (Kacper Szurek)
- to fix 301 redirection issue of sub-folder
- to support non-english characters on search
- to prevent caching wp-login.php if renamed
- to prevent caching if the page has a contactform7 form with captcha
- to prevent caching for ajax call
- to implement single post cache deletion when a post/page is modified
- [FEATURE] to implement new frequency values for cache timeout
- html corrupted warning has been added
- to make compatible with WooCommerce Themes
- to prevent combine inline css if commented out
- to fix sub-domain redirect issue with www
- to prevent caching of sitemap.xml
- to fix getting error when .htaccess is not found
- to improve combine css
- to prevent caching wp-comments-post.php
- to prevent combine comment out js files
- to prevent caching js files whose type is application/ld+json
- style changes of delete cache panel
- to fix php warning which is Invalid argument supplied for foreach()
- to fix "File not found" message when trying to leave a comment
- to prevent converting style rules to link more than once
- to clear cache after admin writes a comment
- to clear cache if comment has not ben manually approved
- to disable minute and hour when hourly is selected
- to show both time when twice daily is selected on cache timeout panel
- rewrite rule issue has been solved
- to remove empty chars from url()
- to add media type for inline css after minify
- to support setting hour and minute as a 0
- to fix server time NaN
- to check the length of inline css for combine css
- to support selecting the css files which do not include home_url()
- to support selecting the js files which do not include home_url()
- publish_page to save_post
- to minify css files which are NOT "media='all'"
- to support selecting the css files which do not include home_url()
- to insert define('WP_CACHE', true) into wp-config.php for wp-postviews
- to fix PHP Warning: Missing argument 2 for CssUtilities::minifyCss()
- to fix PHP Warning: scandir warning
- to support WP-PostViews
- tab of minified css and js has been removed
- warning about Microsoft IIS has been added
- to prevent minify and combine css if returns 404
- to prevent combine js if returns 404
- warning about Multisite has been added
- warning of regular expression is too large has been added
- [FEATURE] to be able to choose specific time
- js and css merging is not beta anymore
- to delete cachen when page is edited or published
- warning of DONOTCACHEPAGE has been added
- file_get_contents_curl() issue for the files which start with //
- to combine the css files which has media="all" attribute
- to fix re-write rule for sub-directory installation
- [FEATURE] to prevent 304 browser caching to see new post
- [FEATURE] wpfcNOT works for pages as well except the themes
- the warning has been added for empty buffer
- to fix disable the plugin
- to check permalinks was set or not
- modified of deletion of minified files' warning
- to fix inserting extra comment tag
- wp-polls issue
- cache timeout issue
- minify css issue for data:application/x-font-woff
- optimization of deletion cache
- creating cache problem when combine css is unchecked
- [FEATURE] JS Combine
- to check that super cache is active or not
- to check that better wordPress minify is active or not
- [FEATURE] french translation
- to prevent creating cache for logged-in users
- gzip for svg, x-font-ttf, vnd.ms-fontobject, font/opentype font/ttf font/eot font/otf
- stlye files issue with https
- [FEATURE] Keep Alive
- compatible with @import "style.css";
- [FEATURE] italian language has been added
- to support renamed wp-content
- to fix combine css breaking css down
- the password protected posts are not cached
- change of minified css file name
- to show which style files are combined
- to fix the minify css issue
- to fix minify css breaking css down
- [FEATURE] Supports "Subdirectory Install"
- [FEATURE] SSL support
- [FEATURE] Leverage browser caching has been added
- GZippy warning has been added
- Path issue of rewrite rules has been solved
- to prevent create cache for mobile devices
- [FEATURE] Enable/Disable cache option for logged-in users has been added
- Improvement of Turkish and Spanish translation
- Issue of subdirectory install using with subdirectory url
- Double slash in the rewrite rule problem has been solved
- Full path is written instead of %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}
- Stop to prevent not to minify css files which has small size
- Improvement of detection active plugins
- [FEATURE] "Combine Css" has been added
- Stop to prevent not to minify css files which has small size
- Improvement of detection active plugins
- [FEATURE] "Combine Css" has been added
- Improvement of combine css
- to prevent creating cache for the urls which has query string
- [FEATURE] Compatible with WP-Polls
- [FEATURE] Enable/Disable cache option for mobile devices has been added
- [FEATURE] "[wpfcNOT]" shortcode has been converted to the image
- Optimization of CSS minify
- r10.net support forum url has been added
- Some style changes
- to correct misspelling
- Icon has been changed
- [FEATURE] Portuguese language has been added
- [FEATURE] German language has been added
- Minify css issue has been solved
- [FEATURE] Blackberry PlayBook has been added into mobiles
- [FEATURE] www and non-www redirections have been added
- [FEATURE] Delete Minified Css & Js feature has been added
- Update of Spanish translation
- Update of Turkish translation
- Update of Russian translation
- Update of Ukrainian translation
- Optimization of CSS minify
- rmdir, mkdir and rename error_log problem
- modify .htaccess problem
- Update of Spanish translation
- Update of Turkish translation
- Update of Russian translation
- Update of Ukrainian translation
- [FEATURE] Gzip Compression
- Performance of delete all files is improved
- Rewrite rules of WPFC is removed from .htaccess when wpfc is deactivated
- CSS of Warnings has been changed
- Minify Css problem has been solved
- Info panel has been added
- Update of Spanish translation
- Update of Turkish translation
- Update of Russian translation
- Update of Ukrainian translation
- Info Tip has been added
- [FEATURE] Minify CSS files
- Delete Cron Job when the plugin is deactivated
- Delete from DB when the plugin is deactivated
- [FEATURE] works with Wordfence properly
- [FEATURE] 404 pages are not cached
- urls which includes words that wp-content, wp-admin, wp-includes are not cached
- The issue about cache timeout has been solved
- [FEATURE] Cache Timeout has been added
- [FEATURE] Spanish language has been added
- [FEATURE] Minify html
- [FEATURE] Supported languages: Russian, Ukrainian and Turkish
- [FEATURE] "Block Cache For Posts and Pages" has been added as a icon for TinyMCE and Quicktags editor
- Cache file is not created if the file is exist
- Cached files are deleted after deactivation of the plugin
- Cached file is not updated after comment because of security reasons
- Checking corruption of html
- Creation time of file has been added
- "Not cached version" text has been removed
- Some style changes
- System works under sub wp sites
- Plugin URI has been added
- Dir path has been removed from not cached version
- Some styles changes
- Some styles changes
- [FEATURE] Admin can delete all cached files from the options page
- [FEATURE] All cache files are deleted when a post or page is published
- [FEATURE] Blocking cache with Shortcode


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Undergraduate Catalog
2014 – 2015
Office of Admissions
Emil H. Messikomer Hall
100 W. Rosedale Avenue
West Chester, PA 19383
Phone: 610-436-3411
Fax: 610-436-2907
Revised May 2014
Return to Interdisciplinary Programs.
309 Main Hall
LaTonya Thames-Taylor, Coordinator
African American studies is interdisciplinary as well as comparative and cross-cultural. The curriculum offers a critical perspective of the complex interplay among ethical, social, economic, and political forces that influence struggles of African-descended people. Also, the curriculum explores how these people shaped global policies. Moreover, the curriculum explores the consequences of racial thinking.
The African American studies minor attracts students with a wide range of interests. Surveys reveal that students select the minor for four principal reasons:
Students who graduate with a concentration in African American studies have pursued advanced degrees in fields such as history, literature, political science, and sociology. They also go on to work in a wide variety of careers in education, business, medicine, entertainment, law, public policy, and the arts and sciences.
Students may choose courses from the list provided by the department; however, only one course may be used out of the African American literature minor.
Other related classes may be considered. Contact the coordinator for more details.


text:
This necklace is designed with round and oval silicone beads and a breakaway clasp for added safety. Designed for moms or children with sensory needs to wear....Read more
To add this product to your wish list you must Sign In or Create an Account.
This necklace from The Primrose Collection is designed with individually knotted round silicone beads, oval faceted beads and a breakaway clasp for added safety.
- Grey, Mint, Ivory beads
- 100% silicone
- Soft silicone is gentle on baby's gums
- BPA free, no phthalates, lead, cadmium or other heavy metals
- To care for your necklace, wash with soap and water and lay flat to dry
- Our necklaces help babies develop fine motor skills by grasping and holding the beads
- Our necklaces also help babies and children with sensory needs, by giving them something soft to chew on and hold on to.
- Beads can also be used as a calming mechanism with older children or adults by feeling and counting each one on the strand.
- Complies with CPSIA, Federal Hazardous Substances Act, FDA, ASTM F963-11, SOR/2011-17.
- Disclaimer: This product is strictly intended for mothers or children over the age of 3. Do not leave your baby unattended with this necklace.
Made in Canada with imported parts.
© Tiny Teethers ® 2019
We Also Recommend


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If you were one of the lucky 3,000 people to get your hands on the limited edition StarCraft 2 Battlecruiser offered by Mega Bloks at BlizzCon this year, you know how long it took to put that sucker together. There have been reports that it takes anywhere from three to six hours to build the 1,738 piece cruiser kit. Unfortunately, there is a guy out there that has us all beat. He built his model in just under two minutes.
Of course we jest, as we are talking about a time-lapse video taken by sargonas7, a SC2 enthusiast who was lucky enough to acquire the Battlecruiser. The build took him six and a half hours total, during which he had used a Nikon D7000 to capture an image every 3 seconds, and you can watch the whole build below. For you avid SC2 players out there, there is an audio treat at the end of the video that I know you will enjoy.
An important thing to note is that this model is not made out of Lego, even though it looks like it. The Mega Blok brand has worked hard to secure the rights of several franchises, this being one of them. Announced during BlizzCon, the full line of StarCraft model kits will be available to the general public by 2013. Whether or not this means the company will be staggering the release of different vehicles starting in 2012 and completing the set in 2013, or waiting a full year before release is unknown, but we hope that it's the former.
If you simply cannot wait that long to get your hands on the Battlecruiser, it's going for about $205 right now on eBay. Happy hunting!
via Joystiq


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Hi all,
It's time to do the next miniature exchange. So, following on from ME26, this is the official announcement to ME27. The organizers are:
Gohkm - Contact point for all issues regarding the Asia-Pac region.
Master of Fact - Cotact point for all issues regarding the UK/Europe regions.
vincegamer - Contact point for all issues regarding the Americas regions (including South America).
Reply to this thread, after you've read the rules and understand them, with your location and shipping preference in the following format:
[user name] - [current location] - ['willing to ship to' location]
For example:
Gohkm - Australia - anywhere
This indicates that Gohkm lives in Oz, but is willing to ship out worldwide. Shipping costs are on the shipper.
Please also send me a PM with your shipping details, screen name, real name, and if you have one an alternate email address. This information will be held by myself on a database and the only people to receive your address and screen name is the person sending to you.
The alternate email address serves as the back-up in case your primary email address is unreachable.
TJeffers started this up in 2004 as he came to notice that he had more miniatures laying around in his drawers (not pants) than he could possibly paint and what once might have inspired him certainly didn't any longer. To give these old miniatures new life he hatched the idea for an exchange program. Modderrhu picked up the reins to keep things going, at ME10 mrJustin jumped in to the mix and later somewhere in between ME12 and 13 ZapotekE picked up the torch until ME20 when Undave, took over. OllieHolmes took over from Undave in 2010, and the flag has now passed [unofficially] to Gohkm and Master Of Fact.
Essentially a group of us get together from all over the world, dig through our piles of goodies, and ship off two (or more) miniatures that we're interested in seeing someone else paint. You, in turn, wait for a package from another individual with miniatures that you are supposed to paint as well (but hardly anyone ever does.)
So, basically, what happens is that you put your name down for the exchange and then when the sign-up period is over, all the names will be dumped into a virtual hat to be drawn out randomly. The first name drawn gets to send their unloved miniatures to the second person, the second person sends to the third, and so on. At the end, the last person sends to the first. Instead of being a direct one-to-one exchange, we follow the order in which the names are drawn.
Signup starts - 22 Aug 2011 (Mon)
List published - 10 Sep 2011 (Sat)
Exchange start - 14 Sep 2011 (Mon)
End of exchange - 3 Dec 2011 (Sat) - This should provide enough time to mail to all participants, as well as an improvised shipping time buffer in case something stuffs up. If you know you will have a problem shipping models for whatever reason, please let both myself and your intended recipient know ASAP.
NOTE: Dates are subject to change depending on circumstances. All updates will be posted to this thread, so please keep track here.
1) You must send at least two miniatures. This used to be just one but we've upped it to two just in case the person hates the first one. YOU WILL NOT GET THESE BACK, so make sure you don't send anything you still want. There has been a tendency to send more than two miniatures. This is acceptable but not to be expected. The rule is at least two. This is not a generosity contest.
2) All miniatures must be in an untouched state. Basically, send it as you got it, in the condition it was when it was bought. This doesn't mean it has to be in a blister, however, just not mangled in any way. The minis are NOT to be painted or primed or pre-paints. The exception is if the minis were primed when bought, like Mithril minis. These may be exchanged since primed is their original condition. Exceptions to this rule are made by the participants and should be managed via private message.
3) If you wish to participate, you must be around. Don't say 'I want in' and then disappear off the face of the Earth for a month. Participants should be checking at least this thread once per week, and check your PM's and e-mail. Participants will be allowed three (3) failed contact attempts via primary contact method, and another two (2) using the alternate email address. If all contact attempts fail, the participant will be blacklisted and removed from the current Miniature Exchange.
If a participant receives two (2) blacklists, said participant will be PERMANENTLY barred from any future Miniature Exchanges. Such a decision is final. If there is a genuine reason why you have been unable to make contact with either your intended recipient, myself, or Master of Fact, please do get back into contact to talk things through, however, excuses like 'my dog ate the models' will not be accepted, so be warned.
4) If you do not hear from either your sender or sendee within one week of the exchange list being posted, check with the listed contact points for your respective region, and then skip them! We will endeavour to find a new sender for anyone who has been suddenly left out in the cold.
This works in both directions, so if your sender can't be contacted get in touch with the person who was to send to them. PLEASE LET YOUR DESIGNATED REGIONAL CONTACT POINT KNOW THAT YOU HAVE SHIPPED, IF POSSIBLE CAN YOU EMAIL PROOF OF POSTAGE.
5) First time participants, or those who are not regular CMON participants either on the forums or in the galleries (less than 5 posts and no minis), will be listed as FLAGGED. PLEASE LET ME KNOW WHEN YOU SIGN UP as there are so many people doing the exchange that it's hard to keep track of who has and hasn't participated before. Anyone receiving miniatures from a FLAGGED participant should post to the forums when the package is received. Only when the package from a FLAGGED participant is received will the person sending to the FLAGGED member ship any miniatures. Should the FLAGGED member fail to ship miniatures out within two weeks of the commencement of the exchange then the person originally slated to ship to the FLAGGED participant will, instead, ship to the person that the FLAGGED person was intended to ship to. To make it as smooth as possible for the FLAGGED participant he/she will be teamed up with a receiver geographically as close as possible. Please post as soon as you have received the models to help make Miniature Exchange run smoothly, and avoid having the organizers run after people un-necessarily.
If you're sending to a flagged participant don't be tempted to send minis until they are unflagged as you may end up having to send out another lot if the flagged guy doesn't come up with the goods.
6) Failure to participate after signing up for the exchange will result in being banned from future exchanges. While rule 5 is intended to protect participants from new members failing to follow through with the exchange it does not address regular CMON participants who have, for whatever reason, not shipped miniatures to their exchange partner.
Courtesy Rule - THIS IS NOT OPTIONAL PEOPLE:
When you have received a package of minis, please do PM the sender and post in the thread - if possible with a picture. It's always nice to see what people end up with. By the same token, although it's not a requirement, if you decide to paint any of the stuff you get we'd all love to see it, as after all the idea of this is to get those models that sit around for ages out of the draw and onto the painting bench.
We had a few problems the last couple of times due to some people not chiming in when they had minis arrive. It's VITAL that we know when you have your stuff turn up as it can cause hold ups, especially where flagged participants are concerned. Please PM your sender and post in the thread if only just to say you got your stuff. The regional contact points will be chasing people if we feel they are not saying when their models have arrived and you will run the risk of being banned from future exchanges. This is only fair to ensure we all have a good exhange.
The list remains unaltered when a person is unflagged on the forum so please keep an eye on this thread to see when things happen. If you're sending to a flagged member please let your regional contact point know when you ship and if he misses their post saying they have shipped give us a nudge.
Despite all these rules, let's keep in mind that at the end of the day, all that stuff written above is simply to make sure that everyone ends up with a couple of fun minis and a warm fuzzy feeling that you may have made somebody else's day.
Let's see those names!
Gohkm - Australia - Anywhere


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if yoy are looking The distance from shirdi to kolhapur can be covered in optimal time with the help of taxi service. We will ensure that your journey is comfortable and you may halt at your convenience anytime, anywhere for a short break during the journey on road. We also launch few offers during certain seasons and holidays. We try to provide you excellent deals from time to time to help you travel in the cheapest possible fares. With our user-friendly website, you can book taxi online in a few simple steps and avail hassle free car rental service. Travel from shirdi to kolhapur with mycabdeal and have a pleasant journey.
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Cherry oat squares with chocolate drizzle
Nutrition and extra info
Nutrition: per square
- kcal208
- fat9g
- saturates5g
- carbs27g
- sugars17g
- fibre2g
- protein3g
- salt0.2g
- 140g butter, melted, plus extra butter for the tin
Butter is made when lactic-acid producing bacteria are added to cream and churned to make an…
- 100g self-raising flour
- 175g caster sugar
- 175g porridge oat
- 1 egg, beaten
The ultimate convenience food, eggs are powerhouses of nutrition, packed with protein and a…
- 100g glacé cherry, halved
- 50g dark chocolate
Dark chocolatedahk chok-o-let
Dark chocolate means the shiny, dark-reddish brown treat produced from the cacao bean, theobroma…
Heat oven to 180C/160C fan/gas 4. Butter and line the base and sides of a 22cm square cake tin: cut 2 strips of baking parchment the width of the tin and longer than the base and sides, and fit into the tin each way and up the sides. This will make lifting it out easier.
Mix together the flour, sugar and oats in a bowl. Add the egg, melted butter and cherries, and mix well. Tip into the tin and spread evenly with a fork.
Bake for 20-25 mins until golden brown. Cool in the tin for 10 mins, then carefully lift out using the paper and place on a board. Mark, but don't cut, 4 lines each way to make 16 squares. Melt the chocolate in the microwave for 1 min, then drizzle over the squares. When the chocolate has set, cut the squares down the marked lines.