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All About Penile Cancer
What is the penis?
The penis is an external male sex organ that also functions as part of the urinary system. It is made up of skin, nerves, smooth muscle, and blood vessels. The penis is made up of different parts including the glans, the shaft, the corpus cavernosum, the corpus spongiosum, the meatus and the urethra. The glans, also known as the head of the penis, is the tip of the penis that is covered by skin called mucosa. This mucosa is the skin that is removed when a male is circumcised. The main part of the penis is referred to as the shaft and houses the corpus cavernosum and the corpus spongiosum. The corpus cavernosum is the two cylindrical shaped tissues that run along the sides of the penis. The corpus spongiosum in the sponge-like tissue that is within the front of the penis and ends at the glans. The urethra sits inside the corpus spongiosum. The urethra is a thin tube that is attached to the bladder and its function is to excrete urine and semen to the outside of the body. The opening on the glans of the penis where semen and urine exit the body is called the meatus.
What is penile cancer?
Normally, cells in the body will grow and divide to replace old or damaged cells in the body. This growth is highly regulated, and once enough cells are produced to replace the old ones, normal cells stop dividing. Tumors occur when there is an error in this regulation and cells continue to grow in an uncontrolled way. Tumors can either be benign or malignant. Although benign tumors may grow in an uncontrolled fashion sometimes, they do not spread beyond the part of the body where they started (metastasize) and do not invade into surrounding tissues. Malignant tumors, however, will grow in such a way that they invade and damage other tissues around them. They also may spread to other parts of the body, usually through the blood stream or through the lymphatic system where the lymph nodes are located. Over time, the cells within a malignant tumor become more abnormal and appear less like normal cells. This change in the appearance of cancer cells is called the tumor grade, and cancer cells are described as being well-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, poorly-differentiated, or undifferentiated. Well-differentiated cells are quite normal appearing and resemble the normal cells from which they originated. Undifferentiated cells are cells that have become so abnormal that often we cannot tell what types of cells they started from.
Penile cancer is cancer that has developed either in or on the penis; however, almost all cases of penile cancer start in the skin cells of the penis. Most of these cancers develop from the squamous cells which are flat skin cells. The earliest stage of squamous cell cancer in the penis is called carcinoma in situ and only affects the top layers of skin. Carcinoma in situ of the glans is called erythroplasia of Queyrat and if it is on the shaft it is called Bowen disease. Squamouse cell cancers can develop anywhere on the penis but most commonly occur on the foreskin of uncircumsized men or on the glans. They are slow growing and the earlier they are diagnosed the greater the cure rate. The other more rare types of penile cancer include: melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and sarcoma.
What causes penile cancer and am I at risk?
Penile cancer is rare in the United States and it is expected that there will be about 2,120 new cases diagnosed in the US each year. In Asia, Africa, and South America, it is much more commonly diagnosed. There are a number of risk factors that can lead to penile cancer. However, having one or more risk factors does not mean that you will get penile cancer. You could also have no risk factors and get penile cancer. Circumcision just after birth, a procedure in which the skin covering the tip of the penis is removed, appears to protect men from developing the disease. Phimosis, or an unretractable foreskin, has also been associated with an increase in the risk of penile cancer. It is believed that the reasons circumcision decreases the incidence of penile cancer include avoiding the development of phimosis and preventing the retention of smegma (skin that has been shed combined with moisture and oil from skin). Poor hygiene, chronic retention of smegma, and having a sexually transmitted disease (such as HPV or human papilloma virus 16 or 18) may also increase a man's risk of developing cancer of the penis. Smoking also is associated with penile cancers and the incidence of penile cancer is approximately eight-fold higher in HIV-infected men. Men who have been treated for a skin condition called psoriasis with medications called psoralens and UV (ultraviolet) light have been found to have a higher incidence of penile cancer. It is important that a man receiving this treatment cover his genitals during exposure to the UV light.
How can I prevent penile cancer?
To prevent penile cancer it is best to avoid known risk factors such as smoking, contraction of HPV and HIV. There are HPV vaccines available for men and women. It is also important for men to practice proper hygiene. Uncircumcised men should retract the foreskin when cleansing the penis. Although not having a circumcision is a risk factor in penile cancer, studies do not necessarily find the circumcision will prevent penile cancer.
What screening tests are used for penile cancer?
There are no specific screening tests for penile cancer. However, cancer of the penis can be visible. If a man finds any type of lesion, wart, blister, sore, ulcer, white patch or any other abnormality he should have it assessed by a medical provider. Most likely it is not cancer but it could be an infection, sexually transmitted disease or some other type of condition that should be treated. Most likely, if it is cancer and it is found early, it can be treated early with little or no damage to the penis.
What are the signs of penile cancer?
Penile cancer commonly presents as a lump, mass or ulcer on the penis. Lesions can be raised and wart-like or flat. The penile lesion can be sore and inflamed, and there may be itching and burning in the region as well. Generally, penile cancers affect the head or foreskin of the penis rather than the shaft of the penis. The presentation for penile cancers can vary significantly from a small bump to very large, infected, and aggressive lesions. The cause for such a wide range of presentations can be explained in the delay in diagnosis.
Some men with penile cancer will have swollen groin lymph nodes at diagnosis. Only about half of these swollen nodes will be caused by cancer. This occurs because penile cancer lesions can often become infected and cause lymph node swelling. As the disease progresses, the cancer cells may form a raised lesion that can sometimes cause parts of the tissue of the penis to die and erode away. Spread of the disease is rare and symptoms in other parts of the body are uncommon.
How is penile cancer diagnosed?
After performing a physical examination, it is usually necessary to obtain a tissue sample, or biopsy, of the cancerous cells for examination under the microscope by the pathologist. Tissue is obtained by inserting a needle into the area of abnormal skin or tissue or by removing the entire tumor in a surgical procedure called a wide local excision. Once the cancer is diagnosed, a procedure called a cystoscopy may be performed, in which a tiny camera (scope) is inserted through the opening of the penis and advanced all the way to the bladder to look for spread of cancer to the urethra (tube connecting the bladder to the penis) and/or bladder. A CT or MRI of the penis may also be performed to determine if the tumor has spread to the deeper structures of the penis. Ultrasound may also be used to determine how deeply the cancer has grown into the penis.
How is penile cancer staged?
Once a penile cancer is found, it is necessary to perform more tests to see if the tumor has spread so that appropriate treatment can be recommended. The staging of a cancer describes how much it has grown before the diagnosis is made. Staging documents the extent of disease. Keep in mind that penile cancer rarely spreads, but it is possible.
The staging system for penile cancer is the "TNM" system described by the American Joint Committee on Cancer. The "T" describes the size or invasiveness of the tumor; the "N" describes the spread of the tumor to any glands, or lymph nodes, near the tumor; and the "M" describes any distant spread, or metastasis, to other organs or sites of the body. This is then interpreted as a stage somewhere from I (one) denoting more limited disease to IV (four) denoting more advanced disease. Grade, or how well the tumor cells are organized, is also used in making treatment decisions, but is not included in the official "TNM" staging system.
Though complicated, these staging systems help providers determine the extent of the cancer and make treatment decisions. The stage of cancer, or extent of disease, is based on the information gathered through the various tests done (described above) as the diagnosis and work-up of the cancer is being performed. Your healthcare provider will use the results of the diagnostic work up to assign the TNM result. The TNM breakdown is quite technical, and the entire staging system is outlined at the end of this article.
How is penile cancer treated?
The goal of treatment of penile cancer is to not only remove all the cancer but also to prevent recurrence and to maintain as much of the function and form of the penis as well. Because changes to the size, shape and function of the penis can cause distress it has become common in recent years to use the most organ sparing treatment possible. The most commonly used treatment for penile cancer is surgery. Surgery may be used with radiation and/or chemotherapy which is referred to as adjuvant therapy.
Surgery forms the foundation of treatment and can be useful in all stages of penile cancer. We will look at the most commonly used surgical procedures. For early stage penile cancer, excisional surgery can be used. It is the traditional surgical removal of cancerous cells that involves numbing the area with local anesthesia and removing the entire area of concern with a border or margin of healthy tissue with a scalpel (surgical knife). The skin is then closed with sutures (stitches) and the tissue is sent to a laboratory for a pathologist to ensure all the cancer has been removed.
Moh's surgery is a procedure performed by a trained specialist in the office under local anesthesia. With Moh's surgery, very precise surgery is performed with attempts to remove the least amount of tissue while the margins, or edges, of the resection are examined under a microscope immediately to ensure all of the cancer is removed. Laser surgery can also be used where a laser is used to remove small lesion(s) rather than use a scalpel. Cryosurgery may also be used in which the tissue containing the cancerous cells is frozen and removed. Both laser surgery and cryosurgery are useful techniques but not as often used.
Penectomy, either partial or total penectomy, is the most common and effective way to treat penile tumors. Earlier stage tumors are treated with partical penectomy in which part of the penis is removed. Larger tumors generally require removal of the entire penis, also called a total penectomy. In a total penectomy the entire penis is removed along with the roots that extend into the pelvis. The removal of the entire penis will interfere with a man's ability to urinate. Therefore, the surgeon will create an opening between the scrotum and the anus known as a perineal urethrostomy. The urethral spincter will remain so a man will be able to control when he wants to urinate.
For patients with T2 and higher tumors without lymph nodes that can be felt on exam or seen on imaging studies (node negative), surgical removal of the shallow nodes on both sides of the groin may be done in addition to resection of the primary tumor. This can sometimes result in severe swelling in the groin and legs. There are other options using less extensive lymph node removal, which have been studied. One option is to have a selective dissection of the groin nodes using a sentinel mapping technique (where a dye or radioactive material is used to find the lymph nodes most likely to be involved with cancer such that only they are removed). If these nodes are negative further dissection is not needed. It may also be possible to only remove some of the nodes as opposed to all of the nodes of the groin (modified inguinal lymphadenectomy). Your surgeon will discuss which surgical options for the groin nodes are best for you. Surveillance of the groin nodes without immediate surgery to remove them appears to have a worse outcome that immediate surgery.
In men with positive nodes, removal of lymph nodes of both sides of the groin is recommended. A short period of surveillance with antibiotic treatment can be considered because in some people the enlarged nodes are due to infection. However, if antibiotics fail to resolve the enlarged nodes, resection of the nodes should be performed. If multiple groin lymph nodes are found to be involved with cancer, or if a patient presents with groin nodes that can be felt on exam or seen on imaging studies, the surgeon may also remove nodes from both the deep groin and pelvis to assess for further spread of disease. After removal of involved lymph nodes, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are often given additionally to ensure that all cancers cells have been eradicated.
The treatment of advanced tumors may require more extensive surgery called emasculation. This surgery removes the penis and may also remove the scrotum. Men who undergo this surgery will require a testosterone supplement since the testicles are removed.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation can also be used in the treatment of penile cancer. The radiation comes in the form of high energy x-rays that are delivered to the patient only in the areas at highest risk for cancer. These x-rays are similar to those used for diagnostic x-rays, but they are of a much higher energy. The high energy of x-rays in radiation therapy results in damage to the DNA of cells. Cancer cells divide faster than healthy cells, and so their DNA is more likely to be damaged than that of normal cells. Additionally, cancer cells are generally less able to repair damaged DNA than normal cells are, so cancer cells are killed more easily by radiation than normal cells are. Radiation therapy exploits this difference to treat cancers by killing cancer cells, while killing fewer cells in normal, healthy tissue.
Prior to the initiation of radiation, a circumcision should be performed. This is done to manage the swelling that can be a result of radiation therapy. Radiation can offer the advantage of penis preservation by avoiding a penectomy in some early stage cases. Both external radiation (radiation that comes from a machine rotating around the patient) and brachytherapy (a procedure in which radioactive seeds are inserted directly into the tumor) can be used. Radiation therapy can be used alone or it can be used with or without chemotherapy following surgery in patients who have advanced disease. In advanced disease, poorly differentiated tumors, and when lymph nodes are involved, chemotherapy and radiation together is used to treat the pelvis and groin in order to help prevent the cancer from returning in the pelvis, groin, or penis. The radiation and chemotherapy are given after the lymph nodes in the groin have been removed by the surgeon. Radiation may also be used in advanced disease to slow the growth of the cancer to manage symptoms caused by the cancer.
Chemotherapy is most commonly used in patients whose cancer has spread throughout the body to distant sites, and who need systemic therapy (therapy that reaches all parts of the body). Chemotherapy may be used in conjunction with radiation when the tumor involves the lymph nodes. Once the cancer has spread to other organs, chemotherapy is used to try to stop symptoms and extend survival, but does not generally cure the cancer. Chemotherapy can also be used before surgery when patients present with more advanced disease, such as spread to the lymph nodes in the groin or pelvis. Because the number of cases of penile cancer is so few, there is no standard chemotherapy regimen used for penile cancer. The chemotherapies used vary due to the lack of research. The most commonly used chemotherapies are: cisplatin, ifosfamide, fluorouracil, capecitabine, mitomycin C and paclitaxel.
Topical chemotherapy medications are occasionally used to treat non-invasive penile cancers. Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a type of chemotherapy often used intravenously for other types of cancer; however, it is also approved for topical use. The 5-FU cream is applied to the area twice daily for several weeks (directly onto the skin). Imiquimod is also an approved topical medication. This cream, which is thought to work by stimulating the immune system, is applied directly to the skin.
Clinical Trials
There are clinical research trials for most types of cancer, and at every stage of the disease. Clinical trials are designed to determine the value of specific treatments. Trials are often designed to treat a certain stage of cancer, either as the first form of treatment offered, or as an option for treatment after other treatments have failed to work. They can be used to evaluate medications or treatments to prevent cancer, detect it earlier, or help manage side effects. Clinical trials are extremely important in furthering our knowledge of this disease. It is through clinical trials that we know what we do today, and many exciting new therapies are currently being tested. Talk to your provider about participating in clinical trials in your area. You can also explore currently open clinical trials using the OncoLink Clinical Trials Matching Service.
Follow-Up Care and Survivorship
Patients who have undergone treatment for penile cancer should be seen and carefully examined by a physician every 2 to 4 months for the first several months to monitor for recurrence. It is very important to notify your provider of any new symptoms you are experiencing since many cancer treatments can lead to long-term side effects. Going to all scheduled appointments is especially important for those patients who have not undergone removal of lymph nodes, since there is a risk of spread of the cancer to the lymph nodes. The cornerstone of follow-up care is physical examination, although sometimes imaging studies such as ultrasound of the groin may detect spread of cancer to lymph nodes even before those nodes can be felt on examination. CT scanning of the pelvis is also helpful in detecting abnormal nodes that cannot be detected on physical examination. If a patient has undergone removal of the penis, reconstruction of the penis by plastic surgery may be considered.
Fear of recurrence, sexuality issues, financial impact of cancer treatment, employment issues and coping strategies are common emotional and practical issues experienced by penile cancer survivors. Your healthcare team can identify resources for support and management of these practical and emotional challenges faced during and after cancer.
Cancer survivorship is a relatively new focus of oncology care. With some 15 million cancer survivors in the US alone, there is a need to help patients transition from active treatment to survivorship. What happens next, how do you get back to normal, what should you know and do to live healthy going forward? A survivorship care plan can be a first step in educating yourself about navigating life after cancer and helping you communicate knowledgeably with your healthcare providers. Create a survivorship care plan today on OncoLink.
Resources for More Information
The American Cancer Society
Dedicated to helping persons who face cancer. The ACS supports research, patient services, early detection, treatment and education. The ACS maintains a national database of patient support services, support groups and resources.
Imerman's Angels
Dedicated to providing personalized connections that enable one-on-one support among cancer fighters, survivors and caregivers.
Cancer Support Community
An international non-profit dedicated to providing support, education and hope to people affected by cancer.
Appendix: Complete Penile Cancer Staging
American Joint Committee on Cancer (7th ed., 2010)
Primary Tumor (T)
Primary tumor cannot be assessed
No evidence of primary tumor
Noninvasive verrucous carcinoma
Carcinoma in situ
Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue without lymph vascular invasion and is not poorly differentiated
Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue with lymph vascular invasion or is poorly differentiated
Tumor invades corpus spongiosum or cavernosum
Tumor invades urethra
Tumor invades other adjacent structures.
Regional Lymph Nodes (N)
Clinical Stage Definition
Regional lymph nosed cannot be assessed
No lymph node metastasis
Palpable mobile unilateral inguinal lymph node
Palpable mobile multiple or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes
Palpable fixed inguinal nodal mass or pelvic lymphadenopathy unilateral or bilateral
Lymph Nodes (N)
Pathologic Stage Definition
Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
No regional lymph node metastasis
Metastasis in a single inguinal node
Metastasis in multiple or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes
Extranodal extension of lymph node metastasis or pelvic lymph node(s) unilateral or bilateral
Distant Metastasis (M)
No distant metastasis
Distant Metastasis
Stage 0
Stage I
Stage II
Stage IIIA
Stage IIIB
Stage IV
Any N
Algan, O and Crook J. Primary and Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in the Management of Penile Cancer. 2014. P173-198.
American Cancer Society. Penile Cancer. 2016. Found at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/penile-cancer.html
Hegarty PK et al. Penile cancer: organ-sparing techniques. British Journal of Urology. 2014; 114:799-805.
National Institute of Health. National Cancer Institute Penile Cancer Treatment (PDQ®). 2015. Found at: http://www.cancer.gov/types/penile
NCCN. Guidelines Version 2.2017. American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM Staging System for Penile Cancer (7th ed., 2010)
Van Poppel H., et al. Penile Cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology. 2013. 24:115-124.
Wang J et al. Treatment for Metastatic Penile Cancer After First-line Chemotherapy Failure: Analysis of Response and Survival Outcomes. Urology. 2015 May;85(5):1104-1110.


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The Tale Of Three Roadsters
In the wide and wonderful world of hot rods, the story behind the trio of '32 Ford roadsters presented in this story has the option of being viewed as either extremely diverse (in the case of the owners and builders) or incredibly similar (by the materials, parts, color, and style selected). Starting with the people, each of these cars began in the mind of its unique and individual owner long before the first bolt was ever turned. The look of each of these cars originated decades ago at the dawn of hot rodding, and photographic examples of this period can be found in the pages of Don Montgomery's hot rod history books-themselves the blueprints for multiple generations who were not there to witness and feel the excitement of WWII-era hot rodding. Those were the days that had begun in the mid-1930s with a handful of eager speed chasers pushing the limits in their stripped-down machines, and by the closing of the Second World War, legends were already being made of names like Edelbrock, Iskenderian, Navarro, Spencer, and Xydias.
It's difficult to think that the original pioneers had any idea just how deep their influence would run in the world of hot rodding, but thankfully they were there to set the gears in motion, and they never looked back to question the process. As for the parts and pieces that make up these three cars, it's a similar mixture of original and reproduction 1932 Ford, and the selection of these parts will be further detailed in the following stories. Each of the cars was inspired separately, but the trio came together at the So-Cal Speed Shop, and Rod & Custom was lucky enough to be there as the interesting trilogy unfolded.
Chapter Uno
While it would be romantic to think that each of the three '32 roadsters presented in this story were survivors from the early days, the truth is that each has much more modern roots-this one beginning with a desire for a quick economic return for builder Rudy Rodriguez. In recent years Rudy has been known for his own innovative designs and building techniques, but for this project he looked back to the simple days of rodding when speed was the focus and removing a few parts from an otherwise stock '32 Ford was all that was needed for an added thrill.
Starting with a gennie '32 Ford rolling chassis, Rudy began putting together his own personal vision of the perfect 1940s lakes runner. He worked hard gathering and recycling as many original '32 bits as possible, but the one piece that is common to each of the cars featured in this tome is a reproduction body from Brookville Roadster. Sometimes viewed as a concession to authenticity and "period correctness," the use of these fine representations of one of Ford's finest creations has become an acceptable step in the process of "traditionalism." Once all the parts were gathered, Rudy set forth to bring back each assembly (from the largest to the smallest) to better than factory condition-while still not losing the original flavor of the Ford pieces. The parts went together just as they had decades before for the hot rod pioneers. Every detail down to the beautiful black paint, interior, original-style cloth-covered wiring, and correct hardware were well planned by Rudy, and once he completed his marathon build he took the car to the annual Father's Day Roadster Show in Pomona and tempted fate with a "For Sale" sign in the windshield.
It didn't take long for one serious collector named Billy Gibbons (yeah, the bearded one from Texas that picks a mean guitar) to notice the car that had a constant crowd of admirers, and he made it clear he had finally found the perfect '32 roadster he'd always longed for. A deal was made and Billy took the car over to his good friend Pete Chapouris' So-Cal Speed Shop for a few additions. Although the car was nearly perfect, Billy wanted two things added: a hood and a top; both of those items were constructed in true period form, with the shape of the top coming from another historic '32 highboy, the McGee/Scritchfield roadster. Now that all the alterations have been made, the only thing left for Billy to do is find enough time in his busy schedule to enjoy the music of the sweet-sounding Flathead engine.
Rod & Custom Feature Car
Billy F. Gibbons
Hollywood, California
1932 Ford Roadster
The underpinnings of Billy's ride started with an original unmolested chassis that was given a full complement of '40s-era hot rod upgrades by builder Rudy Rodriguez. Up front, the original '32 Ford "heavy" axle was drilled and '40 Ford spindles and brakes added before the entire frontend was chromed. Tube shocks limit the bounce as a '32 steering box guides the car. Under the rear hangs a gennie '32 banjo rearend upgraded with '40 juice brakes and '32 lever shocks. All the original chassis components were massaged to perfection before being sprayed a glossy black.
The '39 Ford 221ci Flathead is shifted through a top loader trans and dressed up with a pair of polished Sharp heads and a Thickstun PM-7 intake that runs a pair of Jerry Jobe-prepped Holley 94 carburetors. A pair of Red's headers route the spent gasses through a dual exhaust system by Cannon's Muffler service.
Wheels & Tires
Rolling stock choices are limited on a '40s-style "period perfect" '32 Ford hot rod, and one of the best of those choices will always be the classic 16-inch Ford steelies wrapped in big and little Firestone rubber. This set of '40 Ford rims mounts a set of 5.50 and 7.50 Firestone Deluxe Champions. A rare set of '40 Mercury hubcaps add the finishing touch.
Body & Paint
Starting with a fresh '32 roadster body assembled by Eric Hansen from pieces supplied by Brookville Roadsters, Rudy and his friend Dale Evans took it a step further and massaged every body line and reveal to more closely match the lines of an original Ford body. Additional parts like the grille shell, firewall, and gas tank are original '32 pieces. Once they were satisfied with their untold hours of bodywork, Robert Lomas laid down the multiple coats of Centari "Pitch Black" acrylic enamel.
Keeping with the early days of rodding vibe, not much has been altered interiorwise from what you would have found in a brand-new '32 Ford roadster. Other than the steering wheel (a '39 Ford banjo), the passenger compartment of Mr. Gibbons' roadster takes you right back to the Depression era of the 1930s with a completely original dash, gauges, steering column, and drop with original ignition lock. Original-style brown leather was stitched up by Carol Knap in Whittier, California, and factory-style cloth-wrapped wiring was installed by Kevin Quesenberry.
Chapter Dos
The next chapter in this trilogy revolves around a man who is no stranger to '32 Ford ownership: Texas native Jim Jard. Starting with a longtime love of the Vic Edelbrock Sr. roadster, Jim went to his friends, the Kennedy Brothers, for another well-planned hot rod build. To get the project started the Kennedys dialed up their neighbor Jimmy Shine over at the So-Cal Speed Shop and had him get started on a one-off chassis with a few of his signature tricks added in for good measure. The key to obtaining the look made famous by Edelbrock's original dry lake scorcher would be the stance that can be attributed to the undropped original '32 Ford front axle and the tall and narrow bias ply tires on all four corners. Jimmy mounted a '57 Chevy 283 backed by a six-speed trans into the step-boxed So-Cal chassis and followed that combo with a reliable 9-inch Ford rear held in place by a pair of '36 Ford rear wishbones.
With the underpinnings squared away, The Bomb Factory (the Kennedy boys' shop in Pomona) took over and mounted a Brookville body behind an original '32 Ford grille shell and hood. The Kennedys would also handle the spraying of the black PPG paint before handing the nearly completed time machine over to Gabe's Auto Upholstery to wrap it up with some classic vintage Oxblood threads to complement the cockpit, which includes a '32 Ford three-window dash.
As with all the Kennedy/Jard collaborations, the paint was hardly even dry before Jim made his way into town and without hesitation filled the fuel tank, pointed the roadster toward Houston, and headed home to enjoy the '32 to the fullest- and add it to his ever-growing collection of fine automobiles.
Rod & Custom Feature Car
Jim Jard
Houston, Texas
1932 Ford Roadster
The build for Jim Jard's car began in the hands of Jimmy Shine at the So-Cal Speed Shop, who began by jigging up a So-Cal chassis and adding the pieces he felt necessary for a cool vintage-style hot rod. A So-Cal step-boxed '32 Ford perimeter frame made a great sturdy start, but Jimmy personalized it by adding an original '32 Ford rear crossmember that he also modified to use a '36 Ford transverse rear spring in conjunction with '36 Ford wishbones to mount a 9-inch Ford rearend. Up front, a selection of '32 Ford suspension pieces includes an undropped "heavy" front axle, wishbone and perch pins mated to a pair of Lincoln front brakes, and Houdaille lever shocks, all steered by an original '32 Ford steering box.
An original '57 Chevy 283ci is topped by a factory dual quad WCFB setup that was the height of cool back when Jim could only dream about such hot rods in high school. Spent gasses exit out through a pair of Speedway Motors "rams horn" exhaust manifolds. Mated up to the vintage muscle is a six-speed Tremec gearbox from a much more recent Corvette.
Wheels & Tires
Digging way back into the archives of hot rod history, Jim duplicated the wheel and tire combination worn by Vic Edelbrock's roadster back in the early days before WWII. This setup consists of a set of '35 Ford wire wheels dressed in a set of NOS Lion's wheel covers (used for a solid wheel look before they were readily available from the factory and aftermarket) and wrapped in a set of Firestone 6.00×16 and 7.50×16 blackwall tires. It should be noted that the very early hot rods had a unique look due to their undropped front axles and larger diameter front tires. It was not until a few years later, during WWII, that hot rods would take on their classic "big & little" raked look with the use of smaller front tires and dropped front axles.
Body & Paint
The bodywork was kept simple in the form of a totally stock '32 roadster from Brookville and an original grille shell, hood, and fuel tank that were all massaged and treated to a deep coat of gloss black paint by the Kennedy Brothers. Guide headlights on cut-down ends of a '32 light bar illuminate the front while a pair of classic '39 teardrops signals drivers in the rear.
Inside Jim's roadster, the same theme of the pioneer days of hot rodding was followed with minimal changes, like the addition of a '32 three-window dash, a '39 Ford Deluxe Banjo steering wheel, and Oxblood threads stitched up by Gabe's in a factory-style pattern. No other creature comforts or modern conveniences would be acceptable in this retro ride.
Chapter Tres
Wrapping up the handsome trio (of cars-opinion on owners is up to you) is Jim Kipp's equally black and timeless '32 roadster sans the unnecessary fenders. Before this project was started Kipp found his inspiration in the paintings of automotive artist Tom Fritz and again in the pages of Don Montgomery's priceless reference books. With books in hand Kipp went to visit Pete Chapouris and showed him the marked pages of the cars that really fired him up. Pete further refined the game plan by showing Kipp what the "correct" finishes were for a WWII-era roadster based on available materials and the shortage of chrome and other rare commodities of that time, and also schooled him on the proper wheel/tire packages that nail that desired window of hot rodding.
Kipp left most of the detail decisions up to the So-Cal Speed crew headed up by project father Pelle Forsberg and shop foreman Ryan Reed, but one element he knew was mandatory was a healthy Flathead built by the legend of the lakes and drag strip, Art Chrisman. Beginning with a 276ci French Flathead, Art massaged the mill and fitted it with all the best speed parts and dressed it up on the exterior with go-fast parts from Edelbrock.
Many of the same names cross over onto all three of the featured cars, and again the name Gabe's Auto Upholstery pops up as responsible for the stitching in Jim Kipp's '32. Once the car was complete, Kipp would not elect to keep it stored away in some weather-and germ-free environment, instead driving his black beauty any chance he could get, and he even came full circle by inspiring artist Tom Fritz to select his car as the main element for one of his vintage-style paintings.
Rod & Custom Feature Car
Jim Kipp
Canyon Country, California
1932 Ford Roadster
Again, using the So-Cal Speed Shop step-boxed chassis as a starting point, Ryan Reed added the right mix of old and new parts to allow the chassis to perform its best while still looking like an early hot rod chassis. An undropped '32 "heavy" axle, mated to a pair of Lincoln-style hydraulic brakes from Wilson Welding (the same 12-inch self-energizing brakes are also used on the rear), leads the way, connected to a pair of split wishbones. Vega steering heads it all in the driver-desired directions and Pete & Jake's tube shocks handle the up and down motion on both ends. A Winters quick-change center section is mounted between a pair of '36 Ford rearend bells and is hung in place by a transverse leaf spring and Ford wishbones.
Going for the ultimate "pre-overhead" powerplant, Jim located a '48 Ford 276ci Flathead and entrusted it to legendary builder/racer Art Chrisman for a complete rebuild. Parts selected include a pair of early Edelbrock heads and matching "slingshot" intake manifold (only 100 of Vic's first model were produced), an Isky 404 Jr. cam, Ross pistons, a Mallory ignition, and a pair of Smiley's custom headers. A McLeod clutch and aluminum flywheel mates the early muscle to a Tremec five-speed manual transmission.
Wheels & Tires
Correctly dating Jim's roadster to the desired time period is a set of 16-inch steelies from Wheelsmith wrapped in Firestone 6.00 and 7.50 blackwall rubber. The finishing touch is a set of '40 Ford Deluxe hubcaps and trim rings.
Body & Paint
The Brookville roadster body, Vintique grille shell, and Rootlieb hood were put into the hands of So-Cal's Abe Rodriquez to be carefully fitted to the So-Cal '32 chassis, and given numerous hours of priming and blocking before the miles deep black paint was applied. Nickel plating by Sherm's on strategically selected pieces accents the black paint perfectly.
Sitting behind the Vintique '40 Ford steering wheel mounted on a matching steering column from Limeworks, you have a perfect view of the Stewart Warner Wings gauges set in the stock dash. At the same time you can feel the saddle leather on the Glide seat which was stitched up by Gabe's Auto Upholstery.

subset: commoncrawl


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We want you to throw big parties and win big (big!) prizes from Le Creuset. (Find out more here.)
All week, Emily Vikre (a.k.a. fiveandspice) will be strategizing, planning, and cooking up a Scandinavian independence day celebration. A 17-course celebration, to be exact.
Today: Emily finally reaches the big, 17-course day! Check out her earlier posts, The Big Idea, Creating a Menu of Nationalistic Proportions, Learning to Love Foraging, and With 17 Courses to Cook.
The day of the feast dawned clear and hot. Hot enough that we jettisoned the idea of wearing our heavy woolen national costumes in favor of raiding the closets for folkloric looking pieces of flair that could be added to sundresses and shorts. As my husband hauled multiple AC units up the three flights of stairs to our apartment, I led the rest of the out of town visitors on a (truncated) foraging walk to collect the herbs and flowers I would need for supper. When we came back, dripping with sweat, we refreshed ourselves with pitchers of iced coffee, and I directed my crew of happy helpers in the last of the prep work – stuffing buns, filling mushroom turnovers, griddling waffles.
Midafternoon my friend Meka arrived from Maine. She, angelically, had come down for the sole purpose of helping me plate the 17 courses. If I still had any jittery nerves, they dissipated under the influence of her calm, focused presence. She's the perfect balance of artistic and detail oriented for plating, and I knew we would have things under control. As my friend Kaitlin laid out the menus and put the finishing touches on the table arrangement, our in-town friends began to appear. It was 3 o'clock, time to begin.
In a whir of determined action Meka and I whisked, sauteed, drizzled, crumbled, blanched, rolled, and plated each course, carefully following the step-by-step plan I had laid out. As we finished plating, a couple friends came to help carry each course out to the table while others swiftly washed the dishes from the course before. True to their word, they were so speedy I never had to reach for a paper plate!
As we served each course, I came out and gave an explanation of the thinking behind it. Here (drumroll please!) is the meal:
Lørdags godt (Saturday treat): Like many Norwegian children, we only got to eat candy on Saturdays, and it was called Saturday treat. Of course, we also got candy on holidays, including Syttende Mai, when candy tossing figured heavily into our parade. Playing on the idea of things I think of as candy-like now, I started with an amuse bouche of a friend's amazing smoked salmon "candy."
Ut i hagen (Out in the garden): Traditionally on Independence Day we eat a sweet-sour cucumber salad at dinner as well as a thick, smooth rhubarb soup with dessert. I decided to reverse some of the textures and flavors of these two dishes and put them together in one dish, a cucumber gelee accompanied by a rhubarb pickle. Both rhubarb and cucumber evoke memories of the garden, so I added edible flowers, and because sheep are all over in Norway getting into yards and gardens, I added a swipe of sheep's milk yogurt to tie everything together.
Midnatt sol (Midnight sun): Every year we have gravlaks at Syttende Mai, accompanied by mustards and scrambled eggs with chives. But, the best eggs and salmon I ever had in my life were when we were up in Northern Norway visiting my father's family. So, I will always associate it with the summer midnight sun there. Because of this, I created a plating to look like the midnight sun using a potato blini (a play off of potato bread), gravlaks, poached scrambled eggs, chive oil, and foraged plants.
Reke aften (Shrimp evening): In the summers in Norway we always have at least one "shrimp evening." It's a package deal with the same thing every time, lots of shrimp, bread, mayo, dill, and white wine. I decided to turn the concept into an actual little package, marinating the shrimp in white wine and dill and putting them inside the bread in the form of a dumpling. After a shrimp evening there would always be lots of shrimp heads leftover to go crab fishing with, so I designed the plating using homemade mayonnaise and dill oil to make it look like peering down through the ripples into the water as we would see when crab fishing.
Skogens ro (The forest's stillness): Going mushroom hunting is a national pastime across the Nordic countries. I decided to create a mushroom dish reminiscent of the forest floor where Joel and I once went and collected chanterelles with our good friends Kaitlin and Matti (who were able to come to the party!) by making wild mushroom turnovers accompanied with mushroom cream, mushroom powder, and pickled and fresh spruce tips.
Kaffepause (Coffee break): Time for a coffee break! I took the bolle, a cardamom raisin bun that is Norway's national coffee snack, and playing off the coffee and doughnut parallel that's so popular in Boston, where I live now, I made cardamom currant doughnuts (adapted from these). I added the coffee in the form of a coffee custard stuffed inside.
Birk (Birch): Though lefse is traditionally Norwegian, my family didn't know how to make it from scratch until our neighbors in Minnesota taught us. So, I will always associate fresh lefse with Minnesota. When I think of Minnesota and our neighborhood I also think of birch forests, so I plated the lefse to look like a birch forest floor. Instead of the hot dogs that we would normally put in lefse, I filled mine with local pork pate, a nod to the amazing pate one of our neighbors always brought to the parties. This I accompanied with piped mustard cream and crisped onions.
Fjelltur i vinter (Winter hike): Rømmegrøt, a sour cream porridge, is one of Norway's national dishes. It is a hearty food for eating while you're out in the mountains. Traditionally it is served topped with cinnamon and sugar and accompanied by cured meats and a nice cold beer. I decided to combine all those elements by cooking the meat with cinnamon and beer and serving it atop the porridge, which I made from local creme fraiche instead of sour cream. On Syttende Mai, when we are eating rømmegrøt, there is always aquavit (a caraway flavored spirit) to accompany the beer, which inspired me to infuse the porridge with caraway. Finally, I topped the dish off with craggy chunks of horseradish meringue to recall the craggy rocks of a hike in the mountains up to the cottage where you would get the porridge.
Fjelltur i sommer (Summer hike): Another classic hiking food that you may buy at a cottage along the trail is waffles. Waffles are one of Norway's national snacks, and a must have at Syttende Mai. At other times, I've been hiking and we've stopped to grill sausages. I put the two of these ideas together, making savory beer waffles and miniature versions of a traditional sausage, the medisterpølse. I accompanied this with a blueberry ketchup, representing all the blueberries we stop and pick on summer hikes, and finished the dish with crisped onions and foraged plants to make it look a bit like the woods along a hiking path.
Får i kål (Sheep in cabbage): One of the most traditional Norwegian dishes I know of, Får i kål translates literally as "sheep in cabbage," and it's usually a big pot of lamb and cabbage hunks cooked together. I decided instead to go the completely literal route and wrapped cabbage leaves around little pieces of lamb that had been slowly braised with woodsy spices (fennel and juniper) and locally picked ramps. I topped this with an herb cream sauce, going for the green look of a pasture where you would stumble upon sheep and goats grazing in the mountains.
Gård (Farm): Meatballs and mashed potatoes with gravy is an iconic Scandinavian dish. It is farm food, hearty and satisfying. I pictured the farms near our cabin in Norway, where the cows are grazing in a field along the edge of the vegetable patch, and I created a plating to look a bit like that edge of the potato field, where all the ingredients come from, by using tiny meatballs, potato puree, new peas, gjetost tuile shards, and rye "dirt."
Jul (Christmas): At Christmas our traditional meal is pork, cabbage, and potatoes. This dish is designed to look a little like a Christmas star and uses the central elements of the Christmas meal by combining them into a crispy lefse cup filled with a pork crackling studded red cabbage confit. The cabbage is usually cooked with caraway in it, but I took that bit out and added it instead in the form of a caraway salt sprinkled about.
Matpakke (Lunch packet): The open-faced sandwich is eaten across Scandinavia, and we always have a spread of breads and toppings at Syttende Mai. So, I created an updated version using rye bread topped with homemade renditions of several traditional sandwich toppings, including locally cured ham, pea puree, fresh cheese, and caramelized whey (caramelizing whey is how gjetost is made).
Hvordan vi overlevde (How we survived): Not that long ago, Norway was extremely poor, and life was basically focused on survival. In this dish, I wanted to use the two fundamental foods people survived on for years, salt cod and rutabaga. I wanted to evoke the harsh feeling of pure survival with the look of this dish, but at the same time, I took the rutabaga and presented it in a form that root vegetables are increasingly seen in now that the country is wealthy and modernized, the chip. I sprinkled the rutabaga chip with powdered salt cod and added just a little bit of nutmeg creme fraiche for dipping.
Is til frokost (Ice cream for breakfast): Syttende Mai is such a special holiday in Norway, you're allowed to have ice cream for breakfast! I played on this idea by taking the pieces of one very traditional breakfast, a piece of rye bread with gjetost (Norwegian goat cheese) and jam, and turned them into ice cream bars by layering rye shortbread, raspberry preserves, and a gjetost semifreddo. I accompanied this with whipped cream quenelles and hazelnut shortbread crumbs to evoke the angle of the wood against the rocks in my favorite breakfast spot at our cabin in Norway.
Skogsbær (Forest berries): No celebration in Norway is complete without bløtkake, a layered cake with whipped cream and berries. Drawing on the berries in the cake, I wanted to create a scene of berry picking. Although you can use any berries, and strawberries would have been the most seasonal and local, I got caught up in thinking about cloudberries, a unique polar berry that makes for the best bløtkake. My mind flooded with memories of hiking across tundra areas stopping here and there to pluck the orange berries from patches on the lichen and brush covered ground. As in so many places in Norway, there were sheep wandering around, their bells clanging. So, I made my version of the dish using sheep's milk yogurt cake with cloudberry jam, cloudberry curd, whipped sheep's milk yogurt and honey, spruce shortbread crumbs, candied spruce, and wood sorrel. Flavors of the tundra.
Kaffe og cognac (Coffee and cognac): Many a grand meal in Norway ends with coffee and cognac, perhaps accompanied by a little piece of chocolate or a cookie, so I wanted mine to end that way as well, in its own way. I transformed them all into a dessert, a cognac mousse with coffee sauce and a little Freja milk chocolate disc speckled with hazelnut cookie on top. I associate a good glass of cognac and cup of coffee with my great Auntie Mari, who was like a grandmother to me. She and I also used to embroider fanciful woodland designs on pillows together, so I made the dessert into a little mushroom like she might have stitched.
After 6 hours of cooking, plating, serving, and eating – with a break for a parade and a riotous Nordic talent show (complete with storytelling, Karelian dancing, potato carving, and a few dirty jokes thrown in for good measure) – the feast was coming to an end, and I finally sat down to crack open a beer as my friends polished off the last course. Though the feast had taken up the whole afternoon and evening, the time had flown by for us all, we were enjoying ourselves so much. I had barely eaten a bite of the feast myself, having been too busy and amped up on adrenaline to remember I even had a stomach. But, I could tell it had been good from the complete silence that fell over the group each time they started in on a new course. No one had failed to polish of their whole huge supper.
As I joined in the conversation, I was barraged with an effusion of compliments about just how unbelievably magical and amazingly delicious the meal had been. My aim had been to give everyone the gift of a spectacular evening, a bit of sumptuousness, playfulness, and tons of wonderful food. They've all assured me that's exactly how it felt. But, what I hadn't fully prepared for was the intensity of my own experience in serving everyone. Rarely have I ever felt so truly seen and heard. Every moment of cooking, serving, explaining the meal, and laughing with my friends and family was filled with raw, unfiltered truth in expression.
I suppose it's a bit trite for a project like this to turn into a voyage of self-discovery, however I hadn't expected it at all. I suppose - with apologies to Kierkegaard - you plan a feast forward but understand what drove you to do so backward. It wasn't until I was serving this series of dishes that I fully realized to what an extent the process of creating them had been an exploration of those most fundamental questions: Who am I? Where do I come from? Where am I now?
They are questions I am still not certain I could answer in words, but their answers do lie on 17 plates, in the imagery, the ingredients, the flavors, scents, and sensations. And having the opportunity to share that with others was the greatest gift I could imagine.
Le Creuset has generously offered to reward our Big Feasters for all their hard work, and as our sixth Big Feast, Emily will win, in the color of her choice (flame, cherry, cassis, fennel, Caribbean, dune, Dijon, or Marseille): a Heritage Cast Iron 1 Quart Fish Gratin Dish, a 3.5 Quart Braiser, and an Anodized Saute Pan with Lid. Pitch us your Big Feast at [email protected] for a chance to win up to $500 in Le Creuset booty.
See what other Food52 readers are saying.


text: Is there a connection between the size of a woman's breasts and the amount of tea she drinks? Why, it's enough to send a collective shudder through the ranks of the world's plastic surgeons. But before you go racing off to your local tea shop to stock up let's consider the source of this gem of wisdom. As reported in the British press recently, a "stunner" named Keeley Hazell somehow arrived at the conclusion that not only do British women have the biggest hooters but that this is somehow the result of drinking tea. Whatever. As you were.


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text: Your goal is to kill all the insects in each level. Build your tree out and up and place weapons on the trunk and branches to fend off the invading insects. Your weapons will not fire on insects once they've landed on your tree's trunk, so spread out and place weapons with that in mind.


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Public Participation at Board Meetings Policy
The Cuyahoga Falls Library Board of Trustees welcomes the opinions of the public and, to that end, allocates a time for comments within the monthly agenda. A maximum of thirty (30) minutes of public participation will be permitted at each meeting, with each person being given five (5) minutes to speak. Thus, the Board will be able to fulfill the scheduled agenda in an effective and efficient manner.
All visitors are to sign in. Those wishing to speak must indicate that intent on the sign-in sheet. Each will be recognized in the order in which they sign in. To speak, a visitor must arrive before the public participation portion of the agenda has been completed. A person may speak only once per meeting. The Trustees will listen and take all comments under advisement. The Secretary will keep track of the time.
Approved by the Cuyahoga Falls Library Board of Trustees, April 19, 2005


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840 pages
This comprehensive, flexible text is used in both one- and two-semester courses to review introductory through intermediate statistics. Instructors select the topics that are most appropriate for their course. Its conceptual approach helps students more easily understand the concepts and interpret SPSS and research results. Key concepts are simply stated and occasionally reintroduced and related to one another for reinforcement. Numerous examples demonstrate their relevance. This edition features more explanation to increase understanding of the concepts. Only crucial equations are included.
In addition to updating throughout, the new edition features:
Each chapter begins with an outline, a list of key concepts, and a vignette related to those concepts. Realistic examples from education and the behavioral sciences illustrate those concepts. Each example examines the procedures and assumptions and provides instructions for how to run SPSS, including annotated output, and tips to develop an APA style write-up. Useful tables of assumptions and the effects of their violation are included, along with how to test assumptions in SPSS. 'Stop and Think' boxes provide helpful tips for better understanding the concepts. Each chapter includes computational, conceptual, and interpretive problems. The data sets used in the examples and problems are provided on the web. Answers to the odd-numbered problems are given in the book.
The first five chapters review descriptive statistics including ways of representing data graphically, statistical measures, the normal distribution, and probability and sampling. The remainder of the text covers inferential statistics involving means, proportions, variances, and correlations, basic and advanced analysis of variance and regression models. Topics not dealt with in other texts such as robust methods, multiple comparison and nonparametric procedures, and advanced ANOVA and multiple and logistic regression models are also reviewed.
Intended for one- or two-semester courses in statistics taught in education and/or the behavioral sciences at the graduate and/or advanced undergraduate level, knowledge of statistics is not a prerequisite. A rudimentary knowledge of algebra is required.
"Lomax (Ohio State Univ.) has added a coauthor, Hahs-Vaughn (Univ. of Central Florida), to this third edition (2nd ed., 2007; 1st ed., An Introduction to Statistical Concepts for Education and Behavioral Sciences, CH, Mar'01, 38-3947). The authors have enhanced previous editions by providing an additional chapter on logistic regression and screenshots using G*Power and SPSS software. Focusing on students who plan on doing research in education and the behavioral sciences, this new work offers a more complete conceptual approach, a better understanding of the subject, and a more user-friendly format than do most books in educational research and methodology. The book also includes advanced ANOVA, robust methods, and nonparametric procedures; however, there is very light coverage of probability. The authors address most major topics normally covered in a one- or two-semester statistics course; a basic knowledge of algebra is required. Even though this is an excellent reference for researchers in education and the behavioral sciences, it could easily be used as a textbook for any general statistics course. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates, graduate students, researchers/faculty, and professionals." - D. J. Gougeon, University of Scranton, CHOICE
"[This text] would provide an accessible first introduction to statistics to psychologists. … It covers the basic topics needed at this level and so would give a broad grounding. … Teachers … should certainly examine a copy." - David J. Hand, Imperial College, UK, in the International Statistical Review
"I have been using this text to teach statistics to beginning and intermediate-level graduate students in education for years and have been extremely impressed with its readability and emphasis on conceptual understanding. I can't wait to introduce my students to statistics with this new edition, as it addresses key concepts while also providing real-life examples that will aid them in learning to reason with statistics." --H. Michael Crowson, The University of Oklahoma, USA
"This is one of the most complete and lucid introductory statistics textbooks available for education and the social sciences: it blends theory and pragmatics seamlessly. The integration of SPSS into the chapters is a welcome addition. Each chapter describes what to do, why to do it, and how to do it. Not only is this book ideal for introductory statistics classes, it is clear and comprehensive enough to allow students to teach themselves statistics." – Betsy McCoach, University of Connecticut, USA
"The unique blend of conceptual approaches to statistical learning, interpretative exercises, and APA styled write-ups sets this book apart from other texts. The broad coverage of statistical procedures, SPSS generation and interpretation, and emphasis on statistical assumptions will serve students and researchers." - C.Y. Joanne Peng, Indiana University, USA
"Combining theory and mathematical accessibility with examples, SPSS applications, and APA style write-ups, this is a fascinating book for introductory statistical courses in the social and behavioral sciences. It has a broad coverage of topics and should prove invaluable as a classroom text or as a reference for applied researchers. " - Feifei Ye, University of Pittsburgh, USA
"Practical throughout, this edition delivers a nice balance between technical detail and understandable explanations of basic statistical methods appropriate for graduate students in the social sciences. The book recognizes the importance of effect sizes, offers screen shots of how to execute a statistical analysis in SPSS with annotated output, provides graphs of sampling distributions to help users make correct decisions regarding their own research, and features APA guidelines with sample write-ups." - Jeffrey R. Harring, University of Maryland, USA
"This book is a refreshing treatment of introductory statistical concepts. The clear content, easy-to-follow software examples, and comprehensive coverage of topics will be extremely useful for researchers in the early stages of their statistical development." - Brian F. French, USA Washington State University
"Lomax and Hahs-Vaughn write clearly. … Writing statistical results in APA format is great for graduate students. … The … changes … make the book a better teaching tool. … The level is appropriate for graduate and doctoral students in psychology, sociology, and education. … The basic terms and concepts are defined and developed clearly, accurately, and in an interesting manner." - Robert P. Conti, Sr., Mount Saint Mary College, USA
1. Introduction. 2. Data Representation. 3. Univariate Population Parameters and Sample Statistics. 4. The Normal Distribution and Standard Scores. 5. Introduction to Probability and Sample Statistics. 6. Introduction to Hypothesis Testing: Inferences About a Single Mean. 7. Inferences About the Difference Between Two Means. 8. Inferences About Proportions. 9. Inferences About Variances. 10. Bivariate Measures of Association. 11. One-Factor Analysis of Variance - Fixed-Effects Model. 12. Multiple Comparison Procedures. 13. Factorial Analysis of Variance - Fixed-Effects Model. 14. Introduction to Analysis of Covariance: The One-Factor Fixed-Effects Model With a Single Covariate. 15. Random- and Mixed-Effects Analysis of Variance Models. 16. Hierarchical and Randomized Block Analysis of Variance Models. 17. Simple Linear Regression. 18. Multiple Regression. 19. Logistic Regression. Appendix Tables.


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A. Walter made pate-de-verre glass under contract at the Daum glassworks from 1908 to 1914. He decorated pottery during his early years in his studio in Sevres, where he also developed his formula for pale, translucent pate-de-verre. He started his own firm in Nancy, France, in 1919. Pieces made before 1914 are signed Daum, Nancy with a cross. After 1919 the signature is A. Walter Nancy. A. Walter, whose first name was Almaric, lived from 1870 to 1959.
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As mentioned in a previous post, universal search is a hot topic here at SMX West.
My first session of the day: The Blended Search Revolution revealed insights from the major search engines about how they are 'compiling' the universal search results and how companies should take advantage of the opportunity.
Universal search leverages new content such as news results, images and videos.
Specifically, David Bailey from Google shared these five tips (some obvious, some maybe not) to take advantage of the specialized results:
1. Publish high quality, well captioned images
2. Create a Google video sitemap
3. Update business listings in local business center
4. Submit your feed to Google product search
5. Create a high-quality company blog
The important item to remember is that this generation of search should not be scary for companies. If you're not quite ready to submit your videos to YouTube, start with a video site map, as mentioned above. The results may not come as quickly, but at least you're in the game.
"Session: Google's 5 Tips to Succeed in Universal Search" was originally published at Online Marketing Blog.


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Torrential rains flooded an underground parking structure of Singapore's St Regis Residences at Tanglin Road, causing major water damage to several exotic sports cars owned by residents of the luxury tower. Heavy rains also damaged a local mall, so no shopping therapy either.
Financial center, Asian Tiger, tax haven and proponent of spankings, the Republic of Singapore is home to one-third more millionaires than last year, thanks to a booming economy and strong stock market. Luxury cars were the strongest sector of automotive sales growth, with Rolls Royce and Ferrari leading the way.
With a 4,000 square foot suite at the St Regis luxury complex costing $10 million, it's no surprise residents' cars are similarly high on the F-U-money spectrum. But don't cry them a river just yet. Singapore is also home to some of the world's largest insurance companies.
(Hat tip to to Zareth!)


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Fish Sauce (Nam Pla Rah) from Pantainorasingh is a famous Northeasthern Thai sauce. Used for many dishes, Nam Pla Rah can be served with fresh or steamed vegetable. Nam Pla Rah provides strong fish smell, it is not recommend for those who are not familiar with this sauce. NOTE: This is not a regular cooking fish sauce. Ingredients: Gouramy fish extract, salt, water, rice powder. Net weight: 30.00oz. Product of Thailand.
Copyright © 2004 - 2019 GroceryThai.com


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Chief legal officers most concerned about ethics and compliance, regulatory changes.
Byline: Erin E. Harrison
As today's general counsel are charged with increasing profits and productivity within their organizations, the most pressing issues keeping chief legal officers up at night are ethics and compliance, regulatory changes and information privacy.
According to the Chief Legal Officers (CLO) 2014 Survey from the Association of Corporate Counsel (ACC), ethics and compliance (88 percent), regulatory or government changes (83 percent) and information privacy (79 percent) are top of mind issues for CLOs around the world. In addition, protection of intellectual property (74 percent), data breaches and protection (72 percent), technology developments (62 percent), social media management/governance (59 percent) and mergers and acquisitions (59 percent) followed close behind.
These issues not only weigh heavily on the minds of CLOs, but also boards of directors and senior management, according to Veta Richardson, president and CEO of the ACC.
"Businesses globally are recognizing how vital it is to ensure their top priority is abiding by ever more complex regulations," Richardson said in a statement.
In addition, survey respondents indicated that staying aware of company business activities with potential legal implications, staying up-to-date on changes in law and keeping management apprised of legal developments are top priorities.
"It is not uncommon to find the CLO directly involved in decision-making regarding evaluating new business opportunities, budgeting, hiring practices, technology, process management and change management," according to the report's executive summary.
As such, strategic staffing and managing expenses in a global economy will also be a main priority for CLOs worldwide this year. In fact, 53 percent of CLOs altered their law departments' total budgets and 38 percent plan to make changes to their law department spending habits in the year ahead, which is consistent with last year's survey results.
CLOs also expect to increase their inside budgets by an average 3.1 percent and outside budgets by an average 1.3 percent, resulting in overall total budget increases of 2.3 percent -- a small increase over last year's average total budget increases of 1.9 percent.
"There is both a legal and business dimension to the equation," added Richardson. "In order to remain effective, general counsel are triaging legal expenditures and applying more strategic approaches, leading to better overall law department management."
Although hiring patterns are expected to remain the on par as with last year's trends, new positions are more likely to be created in compliance, intellectual property, contracts and risk management. According to the ACC survey, more than 30 percent of CLOs are creating new positions within their law departments to focus on compliance-related work.
For more on compliance, check out InsideCounsel's coverage below: One size does not fit all when it comes to compliance strategies Risk & reward: The evolving role of the chief compliance officer CCOs must be aware of corruption pitfalls overseas
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The Turkish Roussa monastery is an impressive construction built in 1402 by Kizilabash (Turkish for "Red Heads" - name given to a wide variety of Turcoman Shi'ite militant groups) of the Bektashism order, where some buildings of the 17th and the 19th century are still preserved. After the abrogation of Bektashism in 1925 in Turkey this monastery remains the only center that still performs Besktashism rituals.
Visitgreece.gr is the official tourism web site for Greece, run by the Greek National Tourism Organisation, where you'll find information on the main tourist destinations, such as cities, beaches, as well as activities, events and much more!
All content included on this site consists intellectual property of GNTO and you are not allowed to reproduce the whole or part of this work in any way.
For information please contact: firstname.lastname@example.com. All Rights Reserved. GNTO © 2018.


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13 fascinating facts about Arielle Nixon:
1. My nickname is Moonface because of my extremely round face.
2. I have never colored my hair in my life. I can attribute my blonde locks to a German and Swedish heritage.
3. I love to travel! In total, I have visited 15 countries. My favorite so far is Italy.
4. During the summer of 2011, I used only 1 suitcase to visit 10 countries in 10 weeks.
5. I have experienced an Earthquake measuring 4.0 on the Richter scale.
6. I graduated from the Georgia Institute of Technology. My first experience with Iowa was when the Hawkeyes beat my Alma Mater in the 2010 Orange Bowl.
7. I'm a big Georgia Tech football fan. So much so that I was a science tutor for the athletics association while in school.
8. Although my favorite type of weather to forecast is severe weather, I have never seen a tornado in person.
9. I worked with John Bachman's son while interning at WSB-TV in Atlanta.
10. I'm a terrible speller (thank god for spell check), but a straight A math student.
11. One of my favorite songs is Big Green Tractor by Jason Aldean.
12. My favorite food is birthday cake flavored ice cream. I've been known to have a big bowl in the dead of winter.
13. My first weather memory was the 1993 storm of the century. My family didn't have power for an entire week because of the powerful blizzard.
Meteorologist Arielle Nixon joined Channel 13's First Alert Storm Team in June 2012 after graduating from the Georgia Institute of Technology with a degree in Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. During her time at Georgia Tech Arielle had the opportunity to intern with experienced meteorologists at WSB-TV and WAGA-TV in Atlanta, GA. She also spent a semester volunteering at the National Weather Service office in Peachtree City, GA.
Arielle is a member of the American Meteorological Society. She enjoys the challenge of forecasting severe weather and understands the importance of warning viewers of any dangerous weather situations. Arielle is excited to experience Iowa's ever-changing weather patterns.
Arielle grew up in Roswell, GA and is excited to see what the Midwest has to offer. She enjoys the outdoors and is looking forward to visiting all of the great parks in Des Moines. She also likes to be creative with crafting and baking.


text: Lylith LaVey is an evil blonde with a gothic edge, and the most enormous tits you have ever seen. Do you like your fuck scenes to have massive melons? How about a tattooed chick with a bad attitude and massive jugs? I promise you that you want to watch this dirty chick absolutely wreck another girl with her massive strap on while her huge tits steal the scene. The photographers who first encountered her could not resist noticing the rack she was packing under her shirt when she started out her career modeling for tattoo magazines. Offers to get paid to get pile-driven hard and let those babies bounce free were quick in coming. Check out her vids and you will be quick in coming too. Naturally an exhibitionist, Lylith couldn't say no and enjoys her burlesque strip tease practices almost as much as being fucked on screen here at Brazzers.


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Creating a Human Freedom Index
Until now, no global index measuring human freedom consistent with a classical liberal approach has existed. Today, as part of the Human Freedom project sponsored by Cato, the Fraser Institute, and the Liberales Institut, we are releasing the first such attempt (.pdf) devised by my colleague Tanja Stumberger and by me. The index is a chapter in Towards a Worldwide Index of Human Freedom (.pdf) (published by Fraser and Liberales).
Using indicators consistent with the concept of negative liberty—the absence of coercive constraint—we have tried to capture the degree to which people are free to enjoy classic liberties in each country: freedom of speech, religion, individual economic choice, and association and assembly. The freedom index is composed of 76 distinct variables including measures of safety and security, freedom of movement, and relationship freedoms such as assembly or legal discrimination against gays.
In this preliminary index New Zealand ranks as the most free country in the world, followed by the Netherlands and then Hong Kong. Australia, Canada, and Ireland follow, with the United States ranking in 7th place.
As we mention in our essay, "The purpose for engaging in this exercise is to more carefully explore what we mean by freedom, and to better understand its relationship to any number of social and economic phenomena. Just as important, this research could improve our appreciation of the way in which various freedoms relate to one another."
The index thus allows us to look at which freedoms are most under threat in which parts of the world, the relationship between economic freedom and personal freedom at different stages of development, and the relationship between human freedom and democracy, to name a few examples.
We have benefited from the input of numerous scholars around the world who have participated in several seminars as part of this project, many of whom have also contributed chapters to the book published today. Fred McMahon provides a nice survey (.pdf) of the literature on defining freedom that serves as a good introduction to the topic. Our index is being updated and revised along the lines of recommendations we have received since this version was drafted. We also thank Bob Lawson and Josh Hall for providing critiques (published in the book) on the index, the bulk of which we agree with. Further recommendations and criticisms are also most welcome as we continue to refine this work in progress.


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Ignore the Sylvester Stallone movie from the '90s - Starting next year, America is going to find out what it really means to know Dredd. Announced yesterday at the Wizard World Chicago convention, Dynamite Comics is going to bring the UK's futuristic lawman Judge Dredd back to American comics after more than a decade.
While the character - a hard-ass cop in a far-future America - has been published continually (in a variety of titles alongside the core 2000AD series) since his 1977 debut in his native United Kingdom, the character hasn't had his own American series since his 1995-96 run with DC Comics. That will change midway through next year, when Dynamite Comics - publisher of comics based on The Terminator, Highlander, Battlestar Galactica and an upcoming Buck Rogers series - plans to create an all-new series written by the character's creator, John Wagner, with input from Preacher's Garth Ennis.
No word on who'll be drawing the series yet, but something to thrill old-school Dredd fans: Brian Bolland has been confirmed as one of the cover artists (alongside Kingdom Come's Alex Ross), returning to the character that made him famous.
Dynamite Does Judge Dredd [Newsarama]


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Residential Refuse and Recycling Collections
The City utilizes an automated refuse collection system meaning that the driver does not exit the vehicle when making the pick-up. Therefore, any refuse left on the side will not be collected.
How Do I Recycle?
Recycling is easy. You no longer need to sort out recyclables...the City does it for you!
The City has developed an integrated approach to refuse collection services including trash, green waste and recycling. BLACK containers are for all household refuse including recyclables and GREEN containers for yard clippings only. The mixed waste is sent to a material recovery facility where the recyclables are sorted and the yard clippings are sent to a composting facility.
This new system has enabled to City to meet and exceed a state mandated 50% diversion of waste from landfills. In 2018, the City's overall diversion rate was 60%.
Alley Clean-up Schedule:
Residential Curbside Collection Schedule:
The Solid Waste Division works on all holidays with the exception of:


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Houses, Touring Cultural and landscape of excellence.
+Share your photos!
Houses, Touring Cultural and landscape of excellence.
House completely equipped with bed linen and bath, full kitchen, outdoor parking and barbecue. The houses are in a privileged place to offer you a pleasant stay with moments of intense pleasure and relaxation, where you can take advantage of the features in the natural state of preserved villages and the Sierra, or visit the city of Amarante and its famous monastery of s. Gonçalo. Gîte - Self Catering Rental in São Simão de Gouveia - Amarante #74745 >


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As kids grow older and start taking on more homework and more difficult classes, it's important for them to learn to manage their time and organize their study materials. Help your son or daughter prepare for the school year with binders for every subject from Kmart. Ring binders keep handouts locked in place rather than scattered throughout a locker or backpack, so your child will always know where his or her assignments are. Make sure to pick up a hole punch as well for the times when their class handouts don't have holes already.
From ring binders to report covers and indexes, you'll find everything you need to stay on top of school work at Kmart. Teachers can benefit from tabs and dividers that allow them to sort their students' assignments, as well as other teaching supplies to make the job easier. Students can make their presentations and reports look professional with binding supplies such as portfolios or report covers, as well as sheet protectors to keep important documents looking clean. Whether you're a tip-top student or working to improve, you'll find everything you need to stay organized and confident this school year.


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Welcome to Droid-AppZ.com
I've created this site to provide information and resources for Android applications that I am currently developing.
I'm also planning to release a few examples of Java source code that may prove useful to other developers and maybe even a few tutorials.
The site now has a forum which will offer users and fellow developers the opportunity to provide feeedback.


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A Cupcake Story from Smore on Vimeo.
How can we use it with students?
- create online flyers for school events. Or even better, ask students to create different flyers for the same school event.
- students can create posters about topics they are researching about.
- students can create posters about different celebrations throughout the school year.


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Portugal Areia Flat Panel
Our newest panel brings all the unique natural beauty of real stone in a modern and sleek style. The Portugal Collection panels are available in a dimensional surface similar to our Realstone™ Collection products as well as in a flat face option.The Panels come in sets of three patterns which can be used to create a multitude of patterns and styles. Paired with coordinating molding and trim pieces. The Portugal Collection Panels provide a complete solution for striking natural stone applications.
- Product Size: 4"x12"
- Stone Type: Limestone
- Finish: Honed
- Usage: Interior,Walls,Commercial,Residential
- Available Accessories: Molding and trim
- more info:
- Order a Sample: Add To Cart


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In the 1800s the Canadian Daniel David Palmer (1845-1913) developed chiropractic, a physical treatment which aims to restore health by realigning vertebrae in the spine. Bone-setting was a practice passed on in families through the generations, and people including Palmer and the founder of osteopathy, Andrew Taylor Still (1828-1917), observed the beneficial effects which bone-setters could frequently achieve.
Palmer, who had no formal medical training, practised 'magnetic healing' - he claimed he could treat diseases by manipulating the magnetic flow in the bodies of his patients. During this time he encountered a man with a lump on his back who was deaf. Palmer reported that the man's hearing returned when he manipulated the lump physically, and he began to develop a new form of treatment on the basis of this observation. He claimed that diseases were the consequence of obstructions to the flow of energy in the nervous system caused by badly aligned vertebrae. The charismatic Palmer greatly impressed his patients during demonstrations of his new method of 'chiropractic', and he founded a School of Chiropractic in the United States in 1897.
Today, chiropractic has been developed further to include exercises and counselling in addition to physical manipulation by the chiropractor. In the UK chiropractors have to be registered with the General Chiropractic Council (GCC). Chiropractic is considered complementary medicine, and is not generally available through the NHS.


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Heisey gets opportunity as everyday player
CINCINNATI -- Once left fielder Ryan Ludwick went down with a right shoulder injury that could keep him out until the All-Star break, the Reds didn't hesitate to call on fourth outfielder Chris Heisey to replace him.
Manager Dusty Baker made it clear it was Heisey's time to show that he could be a regular player.
"I hope he doesn't put too much pressure on himself," Baker said on Wednesday. "This is an opportunity to get extended play. I'm making it as easier on him as I can by batting him [second] in front of Joey Votto. Now it's up to him. All I can do is give guys opportunity.
"It's how he handles playing every day -- that's where the strong stand out. I'm pulling for Heisey."
Heisey has been a role player since his first big league callup in 2010, which came as a result of Chris Dickerson going on the disabled list. Last season, he made 36 of his 80 starts in left field, while batting .265 in 120 games overall, with seven home runs and 31 RBIs.
"I'm here to do my job, and today's being in left field, starting," Heisey said. "That's what I'm going to do. I'm sad for Ryan. He's a good friend of mine and a teammate. Hopefully he gets back sooner than they expect."