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Users, uses and production of gender statistics: an overview
What are gender statistics
Users and uses of gender statistics
Production of gender statistics
A guide to the present manual
Bringing gender issues into statistics
Educational participation
Schooling environment
Outcome of formal education
Non-formal adult education and training
Scientific and technological knowledge
Labour force participation
Employment conditions
Access to productve resources in agriculture
Reconciliation of work and family life
Child work
Household-level income / consumption poverty
Inequality in intrahousehold allocation of resources
Economic autonomy of women
Environmental aspects with gender-differentiated impacts
Involvement of women and men in preserving the environment
Food Security
Food access
Food utilization
Power and decision-making
Politics and governance
The judiciary
The private sector
The media
Population, households and families
Demographic composition of population
Formation and dissolution of unions
Fertility and contraceptive use
Living arrangements
Health and nutrition of children
Maternal health
Mortality and causes of death
HIV and AIDS
Health risk factors related to life style
Migration, displaced persons and refugees
Internal migration
International migration
Refugees and internally displaced persons
Violence against women
Physical and sexual violence against women
Female genital mutilation
Human trafficking
Integrating a gender perspective into data collection
Population and housing census
Agricultural censuses and surveys
Labour force survey
Time use surveys
Surveys on violence against women
Analysis and presentation of gender statistics
Descriptive analysis of data
Presentation of gender statistics in graphs
Presentation of gender statistics in tables
Table of contents
Abbreviations and acronyms
Glossary of terms
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Surveys on violence against women
Modified on 2015/05/26 08:37
Sean Zheng
Read in Order
Categorized as
Chapter 3 - Integrating a gender perspective into data collection
: This section of the manual draws extensively on the United Nations publication
Guidelines for Producing Statistics on Violence against Women: Statistical Surveys
(2014). Readers are strongly encouraged to consult the above-mentioned publication, as more details as well as additional information are covered at length.
Uses of surveys on violence against women for gender statistics
Surveys on violence against women have a unique role in measuring the extent, nature and consequences of all types of violence against women. Data collected in these surveys are necessary (a) to estimate the prevalence of violence against women; (b) to identify the groups of women most at risk of violence; (c) to identify the characteristics of perpetrators; (d) to estimate the impact of violence on women's physical and mental health; (e) to identify the barriers faced by victims of violence in seeking support and services; and (f) to understand attitudes towards violence against women. This information is crucial to efforts of prevention and response to violence against women.
Surveys on violence against women are an effective tool to measure the prevalence of physical, sexual, psychological and economic violence. Data are usually collected for four types of violence against women: physical, sexual, psychological and economic abuse. In dedicated surveys, these types of violence can be examined in depth, through detailed questions. Some other surveys that include modules on violence against women may not be able to include all types of violence. When surveys have limited space to accommodate questions on violence, psychological and economic abuses are often left out. On the other hand, administrative records of data on violence against women are characterized by massive underreporting of violence, and therefore cannot be used as a reliable source of data for measuring the prevalence of violence against women.
Surveys on violence against women collect data necessary to identify the groups of women most at risk of violence. In particular, dedicated surveys have the advantage of using samples designed to represent various groups of women in sufficient numbers to allow the calculation of specific prevalence rates for each group. In all societies, women and girls from various social groups can be victims of violence. In many countries, there is even a cultural acceptance of violence. Not all groups of women have an equal risk of being abused, however. Surveys on violence against women can identify the groups most at risk by collecting information on the characteristics of women who experience violence and those who do not. Characteristics usually measured include age, age at first marriage, marital status, educational attainment or literacy, economic activity, place of residence, ethnicity, language and religion. Other data on women's awareness of legal rights or on characteristics showing women's ability to access resources and live independently (such as regular and stable cash income or the ownership of property) may also be useful to understand women's vulnerability to violence by intimate partners or other perpetrators.
Detailed information on perpetrators covering all types of violence and all types of victims are often collected only in dedicated surveys focused on violence against women. Data on characteristics of victims and perpetrators serve as the basis for designing strategies for the prevention of violence and early intervention. Data on the relationship to the perpetrator is a key element of any survey on violence against women. This characteristic serves as the basis for identifying perpetrators who are intimate partners (current or former) and other perpetrators (such as various types of relatives, acquaintances, friends, co-workers, local authorities or others). Slightly different data are usually collected on intimate partners and on other perpetrators. For intimate partners, a minimum recommended list of characteristics includes age, educational attainment and literacy, economic activity, substance abuse and witnessing partner violence in the family of origin. These characteristics should be collected for the current partner as well as for the most recent previous partner. Characteristics of non-partner perpetrators that could be accurately recalled by respondents include the sex and relationship of the perpetrator and the location where the violence occurred.
Surveys on violence against women are a source of representative and comprehensive data on the impact of violence against women. Data collected may refer to frequency of violence by type of violence, types of physical injuries and the need to seek medical attention. Additional data on mental health impacts, relying on self-evaluation, may refer to being afraid or depressed, experiencing anxiety and suicidal thoughts, being unable to perform paid or unpaid work or turning to alcohol or drugs. It is also important to identify violence that took place at specific life stages, such as during pregnancy, and whether the violence resulted in miscarriage. All this information is crucial in order to plan appropriate services for victims and effective responses to the violence.
Surveys on violence against women may be the only source of data on the proportion of victims of violence seeking help and receiving informal and institutional support and services. Barriers faced by victims of violence in accessing support and services can be identified on the basis of data on victims seeking help from family, friends or institutions and data on using medical or social services, combined with data on individual and household characteristics. The information obtained is crucial to the development of policy and programmes that more effectively respond to the needs of the victims of violence, such as emergency housing, counselling, medical assistance, the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy.
Surveys and survey modules on violence against women can collect data on the extent to which violence is tolerated in the wider community. The information obtained can be used to design strategies of zero tolerance towards violence against women directed at the general public or targeted at groups of women most at risk of violence.
Additional sources can be used by national statistical offices to collect data on violence against women. Data on the prevalence of violence and additional related topics can be collected in modules attached to more general household sample surveys focused on health, such as DHS and MICS, or crime, such as victimization surveys. Considering the sensitivity of the topics addressed, health surveys in particular provide a feasible vehicle for a module of questions measuring women's experiences of violence. Although these surveys may not be able to accommodate the detailed range of questions needed to study violence against women in all its complexity, they may be a practical alternative for measuring violence against women when the budget is limited.
Other sources of data regarding violence against women are administrative and include but are not limited to records from health and medical services, agencies of the criminal and civil justice systems, social services, legal aid services, research and documentation centres, and services designed specifically to respond to women who have experienced violence, such as shelters or refuges, rape/sexual assault centres, crisis telephone lines, women's groups and advocacy organizations and women lawyers' associations. These agencies and organizations collect data about women experiencing violence as part of their daily recording practices. The data collected provide an indication of societal responses to reported cases of violence against women and available services for victims. Acts of violence against women go highly unreported, however, and those that are brought forward to agencies and services are often among the most severe and affect the most disadvantaged women. Therefore, data collected are not representative of the full extent and nature of the problem and cannot be used to measure the prevalence of violence against women taking place within a population.
Avoiding gender bias in data collection
The following paragraphs focus on data collection issues specific to surveys on violence against women, organized into four categories: concepts and measurement; questionnaire design; sample coverage; and the selection and training of interviewers.
Concepts and measurement
Prevalence of violence against women should be measured using questions listing different acts of violence for each type of violence. Detailed, behaviour-specific questions are needed to ensure that respondents consider a wide range of acts in their responses that they might otherwise omit if they are left to speculate about the meaning of a more general term. For example, physical violence encompasses all acts of intentional force that have the potential to cause injury or death (not including forced sexual contact). Questions measuring the prevalence of physical violence should lists acts such as hitting with a fist, open hand or hard object; kicking; biting; pushing; squeezing; pulling hair; repeated hits that result in beating; choking; burning; holding the person down; threatening to use a gun, knife or other object used as a weapon; and actually using a weapon. This list and other suggested lists of behaviours needed to measure each other type of violence (sexual, psychological and economic) as well as the definitions of all concepts used are presented in the United Nations publication Guidelines for Producing Statistics on Violence against Women: Statistical Surveys (2015).
Severity of violence should not be assumed based on specific acts of violence. Similar acts of physical violence can have very different consequences owing to a number of circumstances (prolonged violence as opposed to a single incident, for example). Severity should be assessed separately according to the consequences suffered by the victim, including frequency, injury and other impacts that make it difficult for the woman to carry out usual daily activities. Emotional consequences, such as fear of the perpetrator, for example, could also be incorporated as indicators of the severity of intimate partner violence.
Broad concepts of marital status and intimate partners should be used in order to adequately estimate the prevalence of violence by intimate partner. The recording of marital status should extend beyond relationships that are socially or legally sanctioned and cover forms of informal unions specific to each country. In addition, the definition of intimate partner should not be limited to legally married partners, but kept as broad as possible and include, for example, boyfriends and dating partners. Testing of the questions and training of interviewers is essential to ensure that responses are recorded accurately. Probing questions should be used if necessary.
Questionnaire design
The questionnaire design is instrumental in ensuring participation in the survey; establishing rapport and trust; ensuring the disclosure of sensitive information and the safety of the respondent; and reducing the risk of emotional trauma. Of particular importance are the presentation of the survey, the introductory sections of the questionnaire, the sequence of questions in the questionnaire and the wording used.
The presentation of the survey in the initial approach to a selected household and subsequently to a selected respondent should not put the respondent's safety in jeopardy. It is common practice to introduce the survey to the household not as a survey on violence against women but as a study on women's health, safety or other issues of particular relevance to women, without specifically mentioning violence. This is done to avoid raising suspicion from other family or community members and to encourage participation in the survey. Interviewers will not know in advance if the woman has experienced violence or is currently living in an unsafe situation; therefore precautions must be taken at all stages not to disclose the specific objectives of the survey to anyone in the household or community.
Introductions to various sections of the questionnaire are essential for building rapport and trust, ensuring disclosure and setting the context. At the beginning of the questionnaire, the respondent should be provided with information about measures that have been put in place to ensure her safety while she responds to sensitive questions, such as rescheduling to another time or switching to a neutral questionnaire if a family member comes on the scene. Careful introductions should be designed for the sensitive sections. For example, sensitive questions on intimate partner violence should be introduced by first assuring respondents that relationships have both good and bad moments in order to avoid the risk that only socially desirable responses are given. At the same time, the respondent should be reassured that their answers will remain confidential and that participation in the survey remains voluntary. Introductions are also important for setting the context of a particular section in the questionnaire. For example, an introduction to questions about violence involving individuals other than intimate partners should help the respondent consider a wide range of actors, including violence by male or female relatives, friends and acquaintances or strangers.
The flow of the questionnaire should be from topics and questions that are non-threatening and less sensitive to topics and questions that are more personal and sensitive. This gradual transition is critical to the disclosure of experiences of violence, reducing the risk of a participant prematurely terminating the interview and reducing the risk of emotional trauma. Questions about family composition, health, social networks, personal characteristics and partner characteristics can be situated prior to modules about experiences of violence. Situating questions about psychological and economic abuse by partners prior to questions about physical and sexual violence is important for providing a gradual lead-up to these more sensitive questions. It is good practice to place questions about forced sexual acts after questions about physical assaults because of the difficulty many women will have disclosing these very personal experiences to an interviewer. Questions concerning childhood experiences of violence may also be placed towards the end of the questionnaire. Within each section covering a type of violence, the behaviour-specific questions should also range from less serious to more serious acts of violence.
Careful wording is essential to reducing underreporting of experiences of violence. As a general principle, value-laden and stigmatizing terms such as "rape" and "violence" must be avoided in the questions or introductions as they lead to underreporting of experiences of violence. Instead, detailed, behaviour-specific terms, which yield much higher disclosures of identical experiences, should be used.
Survey questions and introductions to various sections of the questionnaire should cue respondents to consider a variety of different settings (for example, home, work, school and outside locations) and specific categories of perpetrators (for example, current partners, former partners, other male relatives and males in positions of authority).
The drafting of the introductory sections of the questionnaire and the development of the right wording of the questions can greatly benefit from focus group discussions engaging local women. Preferably, focus groups should include women identified as experiencing partner violence and sexual violence. These women can be recruited from shelters and counselling groups, for example. It is also important that women participants in the focus group represent various social groups, including immigrants and other minority groups.
Sample coverage
All significant subgroups of population should be represented in the sample in numbers large enough to allow analysis at their levels. The expected prevalence of types of violence in the sample population and the requirement to conduct analysis for subgroups of population, such as different age groups, geographic areas or ethnic minority groups, are important factors in deciding the sample size and sample design. In order to produce prevalence estimates of specified precision for subgroups, the sample size will have to be increased considerably or higher sampling fractions may need to be applied to the smaller subgroups.
The method of data collection should not prevent the possibility of covering specific groups of women. Women living in violent situations may be prevented from using the telephone or may not take the risk of undergoing detailed questioning over the telephone if their movements are monitored by a violent partner. As another example, web-based and disk-by-mail surveys require wide-ranging computer ownership, Internet access and literacy.
It is recommended that only one woman be interviewed in each household, for safety reasons. Surveys on violence against women that interview all women in the household should take extra precautions to ensure the safety and privacy of all respondents.
Selection and training of interviewers
All interviewers for a survey on violence against women must be female. Using female interviewers increases disclosure of sensitive information, particularly experiences involving sexual victimization and violence perpetrated by male partners. Field supervisors must be female in face-to-face interviewing situations since they must travel with interviewers periodically to oversee their work. When forming teams of field workers, however, project managers must take into account local norms prohibiting women from working in public spaces and other barriers female interviewers may face when approaching households to obtain an interview. In these situations, teams of male and female interviewers working in tandem have been shown to improve household contact, lower refusal rates and be beneficial in ensuring the safety of female interviewers. In telephone situations, it is possible to have male supervisors if the supervisors do not have contact with respondents and if the supervisors have the required skills and training to further train interviewers and support them through regular debriefings.
Age is an important factor to consider when selecting interviewers. Interviewers that are seen as too young may experience distrust from respondents, which can lead to outright refusal to participate in the survey or reluctance to disclose personal information. In some locations, it would be considered inappropriate for a young woman to pose questions related to violence to an older woman. While there is no recommended specific age limit or range applicable across all settings, many respondents perceive older female interviewers as warmer and more reassuring than younger women.
Other characteristics of interviewers that may affect participation and disclosure rates should be taken into account when selecting interviewers and during training. Particularly important to obtaining accurate information from the respondents are non-judgemental and empathetic attitudes, good interpersonal skills and sensitivity and knowledge of gender issues and issues related to violence against women. These skills should be further developed through extensive training.
Training of interviewers is a crucial step in reducing bias in data collection. Training is essential to ensure that interviewers understand the purpose of the survey and know the structure of the data collection instrument; are skilled in conducting the interview and developing a rapport with the respondent; understand the ethical requirements of the survey, including confidentiality, safety and support for respondents; are aware of the possible dangers women face when responding to questions concerning their experiences of violence; are able to ensure the safety and emotional well-being of respondents; and guard the confidentiality of the information collected. All interview training should be in accordance with the guidelines for addressing ethical and safety issues in research on violence against women established by the World Health Organization.
Sensitivity training is an important component of interviewer training. Sensitivity refers to an interviewer's ability to pose very delicate questions about experiences of violence in a respectful manner, accurately assess the feelings or reactions of respondents in a variety of situations and respond appropriately. Sensitivity training must facilitate the understanding of gender issues related to violence, the dynamics and causes of male violence against women and the impacts of violence on women's health and well-being. Training techniques can be used to reduce the chances that interviewers will respond with judgmental or blaming comments when interacting with respondents. Such techniques include listening to and discussing in-depth testimonies of abused women and advocates for abused women; the discussion of general or local stereotypes, prejudices and myths regarding female victims of violence; the discussion of an interviewer's own biases and stereotypes concerning women who have experienced violence; and role playing. Role-play scenarios are particularly important in preparing the interviewers for situations in which women refuse to participate in the survey, or situations that may compromise the safety and well-being of respondents and the confidentiality of information (such as interruptions of the interview by other household members, including threatening husbands, or emotional reactions by respondents to the disclosure of experiences of violence).
Interviewers should be trained to control the interviewing environment in order to ensure the safety and privacy of respondents and the confidentiality of the information disclosed. The potential that women may be put at risk of violence for participating in a survey cannot be underestimated. It is essential that respondents be in a position to answer freely and without fear of repercussions. As mentioned before, selecting only one female member of the household to be a respondent is one of the mechanisms used to ensure that women who have experienced violence from intimate partners or other family members are able to respond in a manner that will not jeopardize their safety. Other strategies oriented towards the safety and privacy of respondents should be developed by survey designers and covered in interviewer training. It is recommended that interviews should take place at a time when other household members, particularly male partners, are not present. Interviewers should be prepared to switch to a neutral questionnaire if a household member comes on the scene. In some contexts, it may be advisable for escorts accompanying the primary interviewer to conduct interviews with other family members to distract them from the main focus of the survey. When the privacy of the respondent cannot be ensured, the interview should be rescheduled. In telephone surveys, respondents should be offered a toll-free telephone number they can use if they have to hang up suddenly or want to continue the interview at another time. Interviewers can establish a safety plan with respondents so that respondents can stop an interview at any time if they feel unsafe. Interviewers should also check in with respondents periodically during the interview to confirm that they are able to proceed.
Interviewers should be trained to identify and respond properly to respondents' emotional trauma. Given the personal and delicate nature of the information requested in surveys on violence against women, respondents can be expected to react in a wide range of ways. Some respondents may be open to disclosing their experiences and may view the survey as an opportunity to allow them to make their experiences known. Others, however, may be fearful that a violent partner might learn of their participation in the survey, feel disturbed by the content of the interview, be traumatized by recent experiences of violence or feel embarrassed or stigmatized when disclosing their experiences. Interviewers should be trained in ways to properly react to this multitude of possible reactions. It is important that the reaction to emotional distress is in a warm, empathetic but neutral manner. Interviewers must be instructed not to counsel respondents themselves. They should be able to refer respondents to a list prepared in advance consisting of agencies in the local community who can provide assistance. Where few resources exist locally, the survey design may need to take into account the development of short-term support mechanisms.
Interviewers should be trained to identify their own emotional reactions and reduce their own stress. In surveys on violence against women, interviewers will be engaged in emotionally draining work. Interviewers should be trained to identify their own emotional reactions to the numerous disclosures about violence and helped to develop skills that manage and reduce their stress. Supervisors should also be trained to recognize emotional trauma among interviewers during fieldwork. Strategies to prevent burn-out should be considered, such as regular debriefings by supervisors or counsellors specially engaged as part of the project team, or offering interviewers the chance to participate in less taxing administrative tasks between interviews.
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(2007). WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence: Supervisor's and field editor's manual, revised 27th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Johnson, Holly, Natalia Ollus and Nevala, Sami (2008).
Violence against Women: An International Perspective.
New York: Springer.
Paletta, Anna and Karen Mihorean (1998). Cognitive testing of questions to measure family violence. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.
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Guidelines for Producing Statistics on Violence against Women: Statistical Surveys.
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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and United Nations, Economic Commission for Europe (2010). Manual on victimization surveys. Geneva. ECE/CES/4.
Walby, Sylvia and Andrew Myhill (2001). New survey methodologies in researching violence against women.
British Journal of Criminology,
Vo. 41 No. 3 (June), pp. 502–522.
Watts, Charlotte, and others (2007a). WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence: Interviewer's manual, revised 18th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization.
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"In retrospect, we were Renaissance women," says Barbara O'Brien of the students at Marygrove in the early '50s. "Our education had both breadth and depth, we could express ourselves well, and we could see the wide picture of the world and our part in it. Being at Marygrove at that time was outside the normal pattern for women, but it gave us a sense of confidence in our own abilities."
O'Brien's abilities were first put to the test when she was widowed in her mid-twenties with two daughters, ages 3 and 22 months, and an 11-day-old son. Two years later she became the guardian for her chronically ill mother after her father's death.
When her son entered fifth grade, she went back to her teaching career in the Dearborn Public Schools, which had been put on hold while she started her family. She taught home economics from 1971 to 1975, acted as the consultant for vocational education for six months in 1976, and returned to teach home economics until 1979.
O'Brien then became assistant principal at Lowrey School. "When I first applied for the assistant's position, there were no woman in building administration in Dearborn. In addition, no women had ever been in charge of discipline at the secondary level. It never occurred to me that it was inappropriate. I felt I could do it and do it well."
She credits this confidence to her education at Marygrove College. "The greatest value of the education I received at Marygrove was the sense of confidence it gave me. The challenge of the curriculum and the strenuous schedule we were expected to follow gave us a sense of our own abilities," said O'Brien. "Carrying 18 credit hours while student teaching and having to defend our senior seminar research papers in front of 30 or more people taught us to think on our feet."
After Lowrey, O'Brien moved to an assistant principal's position at Fordson High School for five years, spent one semester as principal of Bryant Middle School and then became principal of Fordson High School, where she remained until she retired in 1998.
Mary Ewasek, who nominated O'Brien, describes her as being very forward-thinking. "She never promotes herself or her skills, but her leadership and ability so impresses everyone she works with that she is sought out to organize projects within the school system and the Dearborn community," she said.
According to Ewasek, Fordson's Academy of Engineering and Technology is an example of the kind of forward thinking that O'Brien possesses. When the staff suggested the Academy as a way to bridge the gap between business and education and to better prepare students for a world of technology, she supported them. She encouraged local business people to act as mentors, helped raise money through grants and community appeals, coordinated with local engineering and manufacturing firms, encouraged U. S. First, a robotics competition, and articulated technical courses with Henry Ford Community College.
Another challenge that O'Brien faced head-on was the need to bring understanding and tolerance to the cultural differences in Dearborn's diverse community. Though cultural differences were often in conflict with curriculum demands, O'Brien stood by the requirements of the school district and the state without alienating parents and students.
"I am definitely an optimist," she said. "I think that more than a few colleagues would tell you that I was the Pollyanna of Fordson High School. However, I was a realistic and demanding Pollyanna." Her high expectations and optimism have paid off. Under O'Brien's leadership, Fordson High School earned national recognition by being named the best high school in Michigan by Redbook magazine in 1994.
In spite of a career in education that spans 43 years, dozens of awards, and lots of recognition, O'Brien is most proud of her children. "My children are my greatest gift. They are caring and capable people. Being totally responsible for rearing them was incredibly demanding; the very fact that they are such good people today makes me feel that I met my greatest challenge," she said.

subset: commoncrawl


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by Nathan Lerner
Architect, Zaha Hadid, has achieved international acclaim for her distinctive, futuristic buildings. She is the first female to ever be awarded the prestigious Pritzker Architecture Prize.
Hadid's innovative sense of style also manifests itself in a panoply of smaller items that she has designed. A new exhibition at the Philadelphia Museum of Art represents the first in the U.S. to feature Hadid's product designs in a setting of her own creation.
It showcases 40 items designed by Hadid. This includes a sterling silver coffee and tea set for Sawaya & Moroni, shoes for Lacoste, and even the prototype for her Z-Car, a hydrogen-powered, three-wheeled automobile.
Chestnut Hill resident, Kathryn Hiesinger, is the Museum's Curator of European Decorative Arts after 1700. In this capacity, she curated the show on Hadid. Hiesinger is a noted authority on the subject, having penned the book, "Zaha Hadid: Form in Motion," which is scheduled for publication in the fall.
Hiesinger explained in a recent interview, "She has been a leader in digital design and direct-to-production technologies, pushing the limits of engineering and current building practices; that is, of what can be built.
"The fields of architecture, urban planning and design are deeply interrelated in Hadid's practice, developed from the same theoretical concepts and the same formal language."
Born in Baghdad, Iraq, Hadid grew up in a progressive, well-traveled, Westernized, Muslim household. Hiesinger observed, "This gave her an expansive world view and innate boldness." Hadid obtained an undergraduate degree in mathematics from American University in Beirut, Lebanon, before studying at the Architectural Association in London. Hiesinger pointed out, "Her educational background has been deeply important for her professionally. It has given her the ability to develop and realize the complex geometries that her buildings and designs require."
Hiesinger illuminated the curatorial selection process, "The factors are public interest, scholarly contribution, budget and schedule. Curators propose their exhibition ideas to the Director, who makes the final determination. Hadid has made impressive contributions to the fields of architecture and design that I wanted to recognize." Hadid herself shaped the parameters of the show.
The 68-year old Hiesinger was born and raised in Houston, Texas, where she was an ardent bibliophile . "As a little girl I wanted to be a librarian because I loved to read."
While attending Wellesley College, however, her career aspirations changed. "I took my first art history course at college. However, it wasn't until after my sophomore year, when I spent the summer in Italy looking at art, that I became seriously interested in making a professional career in the field, in some capacity.
"Although I didn't know it at the time, my favorite professor, John McAndrew, had been director of the Museum of Modern Art's Department of Architecture and Design. I discovered this when I took responsibility for the Museum's design collections."
Hiesinger went to graduate school in fine arts at Harvard, where she earned Master's and Doctorate degrees in Fine Arts. While there, she met her future husband, Ulrich W. Hiesinger.
After graduation, she became a curatorial assistant in the Department of Medieval and Renaissance Decorative Arts at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, where she has spent virtually her entire professional career.
Besides the catalogues for shows Hiesinger has curated at the Museum, she has authored "Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown and Steven Izenour at Acadia Summer Arts Program;" "Collecting Modern: Design at the Philadelphia Museum of Art since 1876," and the upcoming tome on Hadid. She also co-authored "Landmarks of Twentieth Century Design" as well as "AntiqueSpeak."
The show, "Zaha Hadid: Form in Motion," will open Sept. 17 and continue through March 25, 2012, at the Perelman Gallery of the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
Nathan Lerner, the Director of Davenport Communications, is actively involved in civic and cultural affairs. He welcomes feedback at email@example.com.


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Volquez's brief start spells trouble for Padres
Righty lasts three-plus innings on Opening Day, takes loss at Citi Field
NEW YORK -- The month of March was one blissful ride after another for Edinson Volquez, who played a major role in the Dominican Republic winning the World Baseball Classic.
If April is going to be more of the same for the right-hander, he will need for it to get better in a hurry, especially after Monday's Opening Day dud against the Mets.
Volquez yielded six earned runs in three-plus innings as the Mets ran away with an 11-2 victory over the Padres in front of a sold-out crowd of 41,053 fans at Citi Field.
"I expected to do better than that today," Volquez said.
So did the rest of the Padres, who couldn't in good faith wholly pin this loss on Volquez, who faced two batters in the fourth inning before leaving. He allowed six hits, three walks and had four strikeouts.
After Volquez, the bullpen allowed five earned runs, with relief pitcher Brad Brach allowing a grand slam in the seventh inning. The offense wasn't much better, as the Padres finished with four hits against four Mets pitchers, including starter Jon Niese.
"Bad game," Padres manager Bud Black said.
Niese allowed two runs on four hits in 6 2/3 innings with two walks and four strikeouts. He had two hits, walked and scored a run as part of a 13-hit attack for the Mets.
"He has a little movement on some of his pitches and a lot on some others," said Padres leadoff hitter Chris Denorfia. "He moves his ball around a bit. He's a tough guy to square up."
Volquez, who led the National League in walks a year ago, allowed a two-out walk to John Buck in the second inning that was followed by an RBI double by No. 8 hitter Ruben Tejada and an RBI single from Niese.
"The ball-strike ratio wasn't great, he pitched behind in the count to be successful," Black said. "There were a lot of two-out hits. He just couldn't make pitches at critical times."
In the third inning, Volquez had a runner on second base with two outs before allowing an RBI single to Marlon Byrd. After walking Lucas Duda, Buck followed with an RBI single that made it 4-1. Volquez was not long for the fourth inning, walking Niese and allowing a double to Collin Cowgill.
Of the 11 runs the Mets scored, nine occurred with two outs.
"It's what we did last year in the first half that made us so competitive. We grind out at-bats. We don't give up with two strikes, we don't give up with two outs, especially with guys in scoring position," said Mets manager Terry Collins.
In his 32 starts last season, only once did Volquez pitch three or fewer innings -- and oddly enough, that start came against the Mets on Aug. 4 when he lasted 1 2/3 innings.
After the game, Volquez admonished himself for not using his changeup more than he did Monday.
"It's my second-best pitch," he said. "I feel good with my curveball, but I've got to throw that [changeup] more."
The Padres, who are off Tuesday before the series resumes Wednesday, got three innings of relief from Anthony Bass, one of two long relievers -- Andrew Cashner being the other -- among the seven pitchers in the bullpen. That saved Black from burning through a handful of relievers.
Brach, who followed Bass, struck out the first batter he faced in the seventh inning but then loaded the bases. Cowgill, the Mets' leadoff hitter, changed that quickly enough, as he jumped on a fastball up in the strike zone, lining a grand slam to left field for an 11-2 advantage.
There were few offensive highlights to be had.
The Padres got their first run in the third inning, when Carlos Quentin bounced a two-out RBI single into center field off Niese. But the Padres wouldn't get another hit until the sixth, when Yonder Alonso jumped on a Niese curveball, sending it into the netting just beyond the right-field fence.
Two batters later, rookie second baseman Jedd Gyorko -- who later moved to third base on a double-switch -- lined a curveball down the left-field line for his first Major League hit, a double.
"It felt good. ... Niese sort of had my number, but he left one up and I hooked it down the line," Gyorko said.


text:
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It also happened at work. The girl I work with was showing me something on the pc when someone said her name. she looked at me and I looked at her. She said "did you hear" and i finished by saying "someone saying your name?" We freaked out! It was clear as a bell. She said she always heard it was the devil calling your name,I don't think that. It was a womans voice. I felt like it was her grandmother who had recently passed away. I know we both didn't imagine it. I was very unnerving but not like something bad was goning to happen.
Edited by secretsign, 27 September 2006 - 07:18 PM.


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Photo By: Parks Realty, a member of Luxury Portfolio International
Photo By: Chinasa Cooper
Photo By: Dane Austin
Photo By: Vera Matson
Photo By: Greg Pallante
Photo By: Jennifer Boomer/Verbatim Photo A
Photo By: Chris Hosford - Helios Design Group
Photo By: Brian McCloud Photography
Gray Shabby Chic Bedroom With Rose Art
This ensuite bedroom has an extra nook included, just right for a petite home office or playroom.
Visit Original Photo
Making an Entrance
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In the family room a midcentury modern console doubles as a bar cart for entertaining. Expertly styled, it's ready for mixing up cocktails at a moment's notice.
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Ana Claudia has an eye for discovering unique furnishings. In the master bedroom two unique side tables blend midcentury style with eclectic craftsmanship.
Make it Plain
In the dining room, contemporary seating surrounds a traditional dining table. The mix of influences, including a jaguar clay pot, keeps this dining room interesting, even with a muted color palette.
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Statement Mural
The master bedroom features a wall mural designed by Ana Claudia and installed by a local artist. The abstract design is repeated in painted lamp shades on the bedside tables. The cozy bedroom vignette is completed with art and textiles in a calming palette of blue and light pink.
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In the bathroom, Ana Claudia shows off her unique talent for picking just the right tile for a space. White subway tile looks uber-cool laid both vertically and horizontally for maximum whimsy. Warm brick adds sophistication to the bathroom design. And modern brass his-and-her mirrors finish off the space, giving it a modern feel. The mix of aesthetics works perfectly in this forever family home.
Turquoise Blue Windows on Southwestern Adobe Home
Turquoise blue windows and a weathered door accent this adobe New Mexico home.
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Interior designer Ana Claudia Schultz (https://anaclaudiadesign.com/) has an eye for good design. Born in Brazil and raised in Miami, this designer made the move from her Brooklyn apartment to her first home in the idyllic town of Hyde Park, New York. About two hours north of New York City, the space she lovingly refers to as her "forever home," offers a sparkling view of the Hudson River and, from another vantage, a fairytale forest. The home is striking from the moment you arrive, painted in a brick red hue. And upon entering you are met with layers of unique elements that work together effortlessly, guided by Ana Claudia's confident design eye.
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After: White Transitional Kitchen Island With Sink
A kitchen island sink is ideal when the space is being used for food preparation overflow. The kitchen island countertop is made from Heritage Wood distressed black walnut.
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The color palette of this bedroom keeps its farmhouse style as chic as can be, tempering the sweetness of the floral wallpaper and four-poster bed.
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The Baker's new kitchen has a modern tile backsplash, and granite countertops were installed, as seen on HGTV's Fixer Upper.
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This kitchen features white cabinets paired with a full-height blue glass tile backsplash. Open shelving displays neatly arranged dishes, while colorful chairs are arranged at a custom dining table made from a pine top and steel legs with rollers. Black leather stools at the wood-topped island provides extra space for seating.
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This kitchen was redesigned to have an open plan layout to make it brighter, friendlier and easier to get around in. Soapstone and Aurea stone (a marble lookalike) have a classic feel that's in keeping with the home's original architecture.


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The always excellent Mike Del Mundo is currently running a fun and rather brilliant series of illustrations featuring everyone's favorite Merc with a Mouth. Deadpool Killustrated places Deadpool in a number of classic works of literature, where he promptly wrecks everything in sight.
Head over to Del Mundo's deviantART gallery to see the rest of the pieces in the series. Moby Dick is no match for Deadpool's antics.
Mike Del Mundo [via GeekTyrant]


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Reasons for schools to use Free Software
Access to software determines who may participate in a digital society. The freedoms to use, study, share, and improve software allow everyone to participate on an equal basis. There are many reasons to use Free Software in general. Here, we have collected some that are particularly important for schools:
Using Free Software allows schools to teach children to share and cooperate and thus join a whole community that shares knowledge.
Equality at home
With Free Software, teachers can give a copy of a program to each student. Thus, children of families with few financial resources can learn with the same tools as every other child.
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With Free Software, there are no worries about expiry dates or costs of the licenses. Free Software stays free in every sense. All students have access to perfectly legal copies.
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Free Software is stable, secure and reliable. Security and other updates can be implemented in a minute. Maintenance is automated and thus time-saving.Free Software Foundation Europe
Schönhauser Allee 6/7, 10119 Berlin, Germany
E-Mail: email@example.com
Phone: +49-30-27595290


text: Education and awareness about gender identity and sexual orientation are crucial. EPA/Kim Ludbrook May 21, 2017 Gay university students feel invisible. It's time to shine a light on their issues Mzi Nduna, University of the Witwatersrand and Dominic Targema Abaver, Walter Sisulu University Many people use religion and culture as explanations for their homophobic attitudes.


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Tuesday, 13 January 2009
Adult ADHD leads to more accidents and poorer performance at work
Kessler's team surveyed 8563 staff, including office and manual workers, at a major American manufacturing firm. They found 1.9 per cent of them met the criteria for Adult ADHD (based on self-report) and that those with the condition rated their own work performance lower than their colleagues rated theirs, took more time off work sick, and were twice as likely to have had an accident at work during the preceding year.
The results are complicated by the fact that staff with ADHD were also more likely to have depression, chronic pain, insomnia and/or chronic fatigue syndrome than their colleagues. However, adult ADHD was still associated with poorer work performance and more sick leave when the influence of these other conditions was taken into account.
Based on the extra sick leave the staff with ADHD took and their lower work performance, the researchers estimated that each staff member with ADHD was costing their employer $4336 a year in lost revenue.
Only four of the staff with ADHD were currently receiving treatment for their condition. Pointing to research showing the efficacy of drug treatments for Adult ADHD, Kessler and his co-workers argued there was a strong case for the screening and treatment of Adult ADHD at work. "Even if treatment led to no more than a 25 per cent reduction in conservatively estimated human capital loss, the financial value of this reduction would exceed the cost of treatment," they wrote.
It's worth noting that the acknowledgement section of the paper states that the research was funded by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly, and that the lead author has acted as a consultant to them. Eli Lilly develop drug treatments for ADHD.
R. C. Kessler, M. Lane, P. E. Stang, D. L. Van Brunt (2008). The prevalence and workplace costs of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a large manufacturing firm Psychological Medicine, 39 (01) DOI: 10.1017/S0033291708003309
Post written by Christian Jarrett (@psych_writer) for the BPS Research Digest.
3 comments:
This is important.
In the health & safety industry there has been an on going debate about whether accidents at work are random, or whether some people are accident prone. Clearly, other factors are relevant....training, skill, competance, age, experience, fatigue, time of day, day of the week, time of the month.......etc.....etc....etc. Confounding factors, and (relatively) small sample/incident pools make proper analysis difficult......particularly given the obvious need for a longitutinal design, but some people in "elf'n safety" have long suspected that there are "accident magnets" out there.
There are moral issues.
There are legal issues.
There are political issues.
These remain, but with this the scientific issue of "cause and effect" addressed , that is mechanism rather than (suspected/possible) correlation, the debate moves on. Good.
I only hope the science isn't hi-jacked; scapegoating won't help.
- 10:14 pm
- Gina Pera said...
Kessler's is an excellent study. And it confirms what we in the ADHD community have known for years: Left unrecognized and unaddressed, Adult ADHD symptoms commonly conspire to keep a person un- or underemployed, job-hopping, and often steadily bumping down the ladder or shifting into fields in which the person has little interest or ability but it's the only option left.
And yes, on-the-job accidents as well as injuries sustained in car accidents (higher risk there as well) or risk-taking leisure activities add physical impediments. So do the poor dietary choices and sleep irregularities common to many adults with unrecognized ADHD.
Compounding this slippery career slope are the difficulties many adults with ADHD have in managing money. When these jobs are lost, there is often little cushion to bridge the gap to the next job.
Individuals suffer. Families suffer. Then by the time ADHD is finally discovered at the root of the person's challenges, health insurance is a thing of the past.
Early detection is paramount.
Gina Pera, author
Is It You, Me, or Adult A.D.D.?
Stopping the Roller Coaster When Someone You Love Has Attention Deficit Disorder
- 8:01 pm
- Fire Risk Assessment Training said...
I want to add one important factor of workplace accident - Meals. It is seen that the timing of the meals at workplace plays a major role in accidents. Lots of research is going on on this topic.
- 8:13 am


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Personnel arriving at Naval Magazine Indian Island with a regular vehicle decal and/or Military I.D. or Common Access Card will not be allowed access and will be turned away. Security at Naval Magazine Indian Island is very strict and personnel will be turned away for missing any of the above information. Personnel will not be granted access for over 30 days without a Region badge. A Region badge is needed in addition to a Common Access Card.
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text:
(CNN) -- Has nothing been learned from "Ironside?"
The recent NBC reboot of the classic crime drama featuring Blair Underwood in the role made famous by Raymond Burr in the late 1960s and early 1970s was one of the first of the fall television shows canceled. But don't think that will stem the tide of reboots yet to come.
Get ready for new versions of "Remington Steele," "Charmed," "Boy Meets World" (which will be updated to "Girl Meets World"), "Love, American Style," "Lifestyles of the Rich and the Famous." And some of the former cast members of "Falcon Crest" have been saying they've been approached about a possible reboot of the nighttime soap.
So everyone should be excited that these popular shows will be getting new life, right?
Rose McGowan, one of the stars of the original "Charmed," tweeted "they really are running out of ideas in Hollywood" while her former co-star Alyssa Milano tweeted "the thing about them doing a #charmed reboot is ... it just ... it feels like yesterday. It feels too close."
They really are running out of ideas in Hollywood.— rose mcgowan (@rosemcgowan) October 25, 2013
The thing about them doing a #charmed reboot is... it just... it feels like yesterday. It feels too close.— Alyssa Milano (@Alyssa_Milano) October 25, 2013
Seems Milano and fellow former co-star Shannen Doherty would rather see the series end up on the big screen than redone on TV. Both recently tweeted in support of a "Charmed" film.
Hollywood has long loved a reboot. The movie industry appears to offer sequel after sequel to capitalize an an already existing fan base, so bringing back a beloved show would seem to make sense. But Zap2it's Laurel Brown points out that "for the most part, it's the shows that don't know why they exist -- other than having a connection to the past -- that falter. This is, unfortunately, all too common a problem."
"It's hard to make a TV show a success," she wrote. "That's the thinking that often seems to be behind the idea of a reboot. But are reboots any help? Looking at their recent history, the answer may be a resounding no."
We have seen it with shows such as "Charlies Angel's," "The Bionic Woman," "Love Boat," "Knight Rider," "Get Smart" and "Melrose Place."
This season's "Ironside" was declared "worst new drama" by reviewer Brian Tallerico. As one TV Guide writer said, "Sometimes viewers have such strong memories of an original that the new version can never compare."
"Honing the 'spirit' of a beloved show is difficult; recapturing it is even more so," writes Brie Hiramine of Flavorwire. "There is no magic formula for creating television that resonates, especially when trying to appease preexisting fans."
Sequel mania: A guide to the next five years of films
Not all of the redux retro shows, fail, however.
Brown notes that sci-fi and fantasy genres seem to do well getting makeovers a la "Battlestar Galactica" and CBS has found success with the crime drama "Hawaii Five-O." TNT's "Dallas" has also done well with audiences (TNT is owned by CNN's parent company).
And for a little dash of irony, it was recently announced that -- just in time for the 20th anniversary of the series -- there will be a reboot of the cartoon show "Reboot."


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Monday, April 02, 2012
About Female Characters (or as I like to call them, Characters)
I belong on several writing forums. Why? Because I really love the support offered there. It's also a place where I am constantly learning about new subjects and new information on the publishing industry.
There is a slight drawback, however, to being on a forum for several years. It means you encounter the same questions many times with new members coming along. Now because I am always keen to share the knowledge I have learned in my relatively short time as a published author, I rarely begrudge repeated questions.
But there is one question that does frustrate me slightly. Which I always address when it is asked, and it is often asked. At least once a month, if not more frequently.
This is that question: How can I write a convincing female character? or Do you think people will mind if my female character is such and such? or simply "About Female Characters".
And there is no male equivalent of this question.
There is the gender neutral equivalent. The one that reads "How do you write about the opposite gender?" And those happen on occasion.
But never so often as specifying female.
So it's gotten to the point where I must ask myself: why is that?
And then I try to answer it.
The first answer is something I realised in high school: a female character is seen as female first, person second. I realised this while working on WAITING FOR GODOT (I was playing Vladimir). The role I was playing was typically played by a man, and had a male name, and clearly was meant originally to be performed by a man. But it didn't matter if it really was a man. There was no discussion in the play about being a man, about manliness (whatever that is). He was a cypher for ideas. He was an everyman. Almost more of a thing than a gender. And I wondered, could such a character exist and just happen to be female?
The answer to the question I asked myself made me sad: "No.". At least not easily so. Another example: I'm not sure how many of you are into DOCTOR WHO, but there is a debate in the Whoverse as to whether or not the Doctor could be played by a woman. Most people debate this point discussing whether there are any hints in previous episodes that allow the Doctor to be a woman, whether canon suggests he can only be male etc etc. But the reality is, it isn't a question of canon and character: most people can't see it because despite a few romantic dalliances, the Doctor is an everyman. And it's very difficult to fathom of a Doctor played by a woman still being an everyman - someone who just happens to be a woman, who is seen as a character first, her gender second.
For that is the crux of the problem: a female character is seen as female first, a person second. Whereas a male character is seen as person first, male second. Think about it? Can you think of an everyman character that is female? I am asking about a typical grown up woman. Not a pre-pubescent child (think Alex from my books), or an old wise woman (like the old wise man) who no longer is seen as "woman" due to her age. So yeah, can you think of an everyman woman? The closest I get is Tina Fey's Liz Lemon from 30 ROCK. Which might be yet another reason to add to the pile of why I love her.
Needless to say, it isn't common.
Think of action movies: you have the lead guy, the geek guy, maybe the big tough guy, the uber hot guy, the guy of some racial minority and the woman. "Guy" is considered the default gender so it gets subdivided into types. But not "gal". "Gal" IS a type (just as racial minority is a type, but that's a blog post for another time).
Try for a moment to imagine OCEAN'S 11, but reversing the gender roles. It's kind of fun. But do you see how automatically it becomes a movie about women robbing a casino, not a quirky group of people robbing a casino?
Another reason that people question so frequently how to write female characters is that we are raised to see women as totally unfathomably complex. This intimidates people when it comes to writing female characters. If they are so difficult to understand as sitcoms and lad mags have been telling us for years, what hope is there for us to empathise?
But I'll tell you a secret. First of all, seriously, we're no more complex than men. We are complex because we are humans, of course. And that's the thing. There are far more differences between individuals, than the genders.
Sure you can say all men are this and all women are this (though invariably you will instantly have someone come along and say, "Uh, not me.") But honestly, isn't it far more interesting how different we all are from each other? You think those two guys sitting on the subway have the exact same hobbies, education, belief system? Unlikely. Ditto those two women over there. And here's a wacky thing, maybe that woman and that man actually have more in common with each other than they do with the other of their own gender.
It's how I feel when people ask: are you more likely to read a book with a character that is your gender? Well, I mean, I'm more interested in who this character is? I'm also more interested in if the book has a sense of humour. Is it well written? What's the setting of the book? Is there a moral and do I agree (or not, it's interesting to read contrasting opinions)? There are so many more things that I as Adrienne am interested in, than just, "Is the main character of this book a girl?" And further, just because someone is a girl doesn't mean I have anything in common with her.
I'll tell you another secret, I've never been an Extremely Ginormous Octopus. I've never been a pirate Captain. I've never been a Magician's Assistant, nor lived in the Edwardian era.
Yet somehow people never question my ability to write about those characters.
My point: we as authors have been writing about people we aren't for forever. We find a way to empathise, we find a way in. Female characters are no different. All they are are characters. They are people too. Instead of asking yourself, "How do I write this female soldier?" ask yourself, "How do I write this soldier? Where is she from, how was she raised, does she have a sense of humour? Is she big and tall, is she short and petite? How does her size affect her ability to fight? What is her favourite weapon, her least favourite? Why? Is she more logical than emotional? The other way around? Was she an only child and spoiled, was she the eldest of six siblings and a surrogate mother? How does that upbringing affect how she interacts with her team? etc etc and so forth." Notice how the first question gets you some kind of broad, generalised answer, likely resulting in a stereotype, and how the second version asks lots and lots of smaller questions with the goal of creating someone well rounded.
One would hope, really, that we as authors ask such detailed questions of all our characters, regardless of gender.
So let me, at long last, actually answer the original question:
"How do I write a female character?"
Write her the way you would write any other character. Give her dimension, give her strength but please also don't forget to give her weaknesses (for a totally strong nothing can beat her kind of girl is not a person, she's again a type - the polar opposite yet exactly the same as the damsel in distress).
Create a person.
21 comments:
- J.M. Frey said...
*stands and applauds&
- K. W. Ramsey said...
Allow me to join in the applause. This is something I will keep in mind when creating my own characters, male or female. :)
- Saumya said...
Love this and agree. I just told my friends last weekend that's why I love Liz Lemon so much.
- Adrienne said...
Thank you all! I'm glad my post resonated with you. And yay Liz Lemon!!
- Jessica Strider said...
Well said. I wish script writers especially would ask more backstory questions about their female characters, and turn them into well rounded people. I hate seeing 1 dimensional characters in films (male or female). And I can't stand stereotypes. And yet that's what we get the most of.
- Katherine Traylor said...
Thank you! Well said.
- John Wiswell said...
Gorgeous post, thank you for sharing compassionate common sense. It's terrifying for many authors to try to write any kind of other, and there are many reasons for it. The stigmas about how men can write women (and how women can write men) in the editorial world alone are infuriating, and the way it's imbued upon further generations is simply awful. Treating all characters as agents first (or people in general) is the wisest course.
- Liz said...
The funniest thing about this is, I've never seen the distinction between a character and a female character. I have asked that question in the past, but about male characters, though (being female, and all ,myself). But it's basically the same quandary. The gender may or may not influence some character behaviors, depending upon the society in which a story is set; but, other than that, there is no distinction. Well, except, perhaps, for expectations: but those are up to the author's discretion.
- Miss Lynx said...
A very timely post. Just last night, when a (male) author I like did an "Ask Me Anything, some guy posted the following question to him: "Why do talented writers like you and [other male author] often use female characters as your protagonists? Is it for the challenge? And do you think it hurts your sales any?"
As if writing characters who happen to be female was some weird, exceptional, daring thing...
- Miss Lynx said...
A very timely post. Just last night, when a (male) author I like did an "Ask Me Anything, some guy posted the following question to him: "Why do talented writers like you and [other male author] often use female characters as your protagonists? Is it for the challenge? And do you think it hurts your sales any?"
As if writing characters who happen to be female was some weird, exceptional, daring thing...
- Miss Lynx said...
Sorry for the duplicate post! It took me about six tries to get past the damn CAPTCHA (apparently if you're trying to log in using OpenID, it keeps telling you that what you typed is wrong no matter how many times you try and how careful you are), and when I finally did, I didn't at first realize that it had worked - I just thought the form had eaten my comment.
- Eric Juneau said...
I think the reason people keep asking questions like this is that women are really different than men. And while it's true that a writer doesn't need to be an Extremely Ginormous Octopus to write like one, there are no Extremely Ginormous Octopuses out there to call you on something if you make a mistake. Plus, there is no existing E.G.O. stereotypes that have the potential to influence writing a woman character. Meanwhile, we see cardboard cut-out and stereotyped women all the time (mostly from Michael Bay films). At least if you ask the question, you are showing a desire to "get it right".
However, has any writer, in their experience, been called on something that said "That character, that's something a women would never do"?
- Anthea said...
This is one of the reasons I love the movie Inception - the new architect they bring on to the team is definitely a character first, who happens to be female. :)
I'll also always love Ripley, from the Alien movies...
- ashcomp said...
You might appreciate the US TV series "Damages", and the Canadian writer Tanya Huff. All involve very sharply defined female characters.
- Urox said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- LoriW said...
Bones (Dr. Temperance Brennan). I've always seen her as a scientist first.
But oh yes, I also loved Ripley.
Huh, I had no idea Damages was written by Tanya Huff.
Oh, and Keepsie Branson from Mur Lafferty's book "Playing For Keeps".
- Unknown said...
I am going through such a problem right now. The female POV is hard. I am writing a short film where the point of view is transferred from the male to the female character.
What I am discovering is male characters have less limits than female characters, and they can still remain likable. Male characters can be nasty people and still be likable. Females don't have nearly as much leeway, due to the audiences expectation of what a female should be. It is easy to write a male as "confident/cocky," without a second thought. If you switch the genders, she becomes an arrogant b-word to the general audience.
My favorite example of this is Carmen from the movie Starship Troopers. If the sexes were reversed, male Carmen would be a much more likable character. Well at least not as generally hated.
I am sure this applies to real life and how society views women. Women have to live with this everyday, while us males usually "don't see it." (Until we try to write it.) So it is hard for us to relate.
It is more of what not to do with the character. It is really hard in a romantic setting, well at least for me. It is easy for a male to get a female character wrong.
At least in the movies and television, it is fairly easy to tell when a character was written as a male, and they change genders. (written by a male with no major rewrites.)
- Unknown said...
This is an issue not just with female characters, but with all characters that diverge from the White Middle-Class Male Heterosexual norm. If you write such a character, you can do what you want with them, and if the character suffers from OCD and shoplifts, then that's a comment, if anything, on OCD and kleptomania. If your main character is a Thai lesbian, then if you give her OCD and have her shoplifting, that's a comment on how Thai lesbians behave. Certainly having two Thai lesbians would be odd - because why would you need two different characters to say what you feel about Thai lesbians?
Authors just have to be brave about it. If told "Women don't behave like that" or "No-one from Greece would ever say that", they have to be strong enough to insist that no group is homogeneous, that a character represents only himself*, and they tell the truth as best they can.
*Did the "himself" jar a little?
- Keris Stainton said...
I love this post. I've actually just blogged about something similar in relation to Sesame Street, of all things. It took the show's producers a long time to realise all the break-out characters were male and so they created Zoe and Abby. From the book, Street Gang: "We wanted a female lead character. If you think about the Mary Tyler Moore Show, some girls relate to Rhoda, who's our Zoe, and some girls relate to Mary, who's a girly girl. And we didn't have that girl."
There's so much truth in this article. I hate it when you come across stories where the male characters are many and varied, while the females are either stock characters or mostly in the background. People may say that women are "mysterious" or hard to write about, but I think that's just an excuse for lazy writing. This article reminds me of George R. R. Martin's (author of the A Song of Ice and Fire series) reply when a TV news anchor asked him how he manages to write so many different and interesting female characters: "You know, I've always thought of women to be 'people'" (paraphrasing here)
- Adam Tambeau said...
Pointed here by a friend, vis-a-vis a conversation we'd been having about a character I write called Penny.
I won't get into it here, but you make some excellent points. I especially like the point you make about never having been an Extremely Ginormous Octopus, or a Magician's Assistant, etc. I just write her as she presents herself to me in my imagination, exactly the same way I write the narrator and protagonist of the stories.
As a person. Well-said, and thanks for a thought-provoking read.


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Hoyer Remarks at AIPAC Policy Conference
Source: Democratic Whip, 3-5-12
House Democratic Whip Steny H. Hoyer (MD) delivered remarks today at the American Israel Public Affairs Committee's (AIPAC) annual policy conference. Below are his remarks as prepared for delivery:
"Yesterday I returned, along with a number of my colleagues, from an annual pilgrimage to Selma, Alabama, site of the Civil Rights marches in 1965. It was led by Representative John Lewis – who, as a young activist, was beaten nearly to death on the original march.
"Two weeks after that 'Bloody Sunday,' citizens of every race and creed joined together to complete the march that had been halted so violently, and they sang these words as they walked forward into history: 'Sing a song full of the faith that the dark past has taught us; sing a song full of the hope that the present has brought us.'
"Among the marchers in Selma was Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel, who locked arms with Martin Luther King at the front of the group. He later said that at Selma his feet were praying.
"Rabbi Heschel knew the power of a dream born of faith and hope. He understood its endurance, its energy, how it could smolder without end until a single breath brought revival and rekindling. As energetically as he campaigned for the dream of civil rights in America, Rabbi Heschel eloquently supported the rebirth of the State of Israel out of the dream of Jewish history. He wrote that Israel emerged from 'a stream of dreaming, the sacred river flowing in the Jewish souls of all ages.'
"Israel is truly the product of a dream fulfilled. I have been personally enriched each of the twelve times I have visited Israel. The most recent was last summer, when I brought twenty-six Members of Congress with me. Now that I've been there twelve times, I guess you could say the next visit will be my 'bar mitzvah' trip.
"To land in Israel is to confront the reality of a harsh land made beautiful and productive by the love and labor and courage of an extraordinary people. A people besieged, tormented, and with millions murdered through millennia. But, a people who, through faith and conviction and an incredible will to honor their history, have brought forth a country, like ours, conceived in liberty and dedicated to peace and freedom; democracy and free markets; freedom of worship for those of all faiths; and the determination to survive and succeed in the face of daunting odds and opposition. A people who, upon setting foot in Israel, break into joyful and hope-filled song: 'He-vey-nu Shalom Aleichem – We have brought peace unto you!'
"We are living in an age of uncertainty. The peace process has slowed to a near-halt, and Iran-sponsored Hamas remains in control of the Gaza Strip. Palestinian textbooks continue to preach the hatred of Jews and the eventual destruction of Israel. At the same time, the threat of terrorism looms around the world and just on the other side of Israel's security fence. Across the Arab world, popular discontent has sparked a wave of protests and uprisings that give promise of empowerment of the people but threaten, as well, such stability as has existed. It remains to be seen whether this will portend democratic peace or unleash ethnic and religious hatred.
"Though much is uncertain in the region, one thing in the Middle East is always certain: the bond that links the United States and Israel. Our relationship, based on our shared values and shared interests, is unshakeable.
"Let me repeat: Our relationship is unshakable. It is enduring. And no one should misconstrue difference of opinion or emphasis as in any way weakening a bond forged by principles, values, history, and common interests.
"Yesterday, you heard this same message from President Obama when he said: 'We are bound to Israel because of the interests that we share — in security for our communities, prosperity for our people, the new frontiers of science that can light the world. …That is why America's commitment to Israel has endured under Democratic and Republican Presidents, and congressional leaders of both parties.'
"This is a president, as were his predecessors, committed to Israel's security – who has proven through his actions that he is willing to do what it takes to stand up for Israel around the world. A president who has continually reaffirmed a position so many of my colleagues and I share: that Israel has a sovereign right to defend itself against threats to the security of its people.
"Today, the greatest threat to Israel's security – and to stability in the region – is Iran.
"Again and again, Iran's leaders preach the destruction of Israel and deride the values Israel and America share. Its President, Mahmoud Ahmedinejad, infamously called for Israel to be 'wiped off the map' and again this summer called the Holocaust 'one of the biggest lies.' In February, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei promised Iranian aid to any group opposing Israel, which he labeled 'a cancerous tumor that should be cut [out].'
"Iran and its Revolutionary Guard continue to sponsor and arm Hezbollah and Hamas, putting Israeli civilians under the constant threat that rockets will again be launched against them. Even this month, rockets still rain down on Israel's southern communities. So those who may doubt the imminence of the threat to Israel, let them go to Sderot.
"Iran's refusal to accept international inspectors and its leaders' violent rhetoric against Israel make it absolutely clear: the development of a nuclear capability represents a red line we cannot permit Iran to cross.
"President Obama made this clear yesterday. He said– and I quote: 'No Israeli government can tolerate a nuclear weapon in the hands of a regime that denies the Holocaust, threatens to wipe Israel off the map, and sponsors terrorist groups committed to Israel's destruction. And so I understand the profound historical obligation that weights on the shoulders of Bibi Netanyahu and Ehud Barak and all of Israel's leaders.'
"A nuclear Iran would be not only a grave danger to Israel but also to the United States and our allies in Europe. It would spark a nuclear arms race in the Persian Gulf and threaten the global oil supply. It also would carry the risk of Iranian nuclear weapons technology potentially ending up in hands of terrorist groups intending to use them against American targets. For these reasons, a nuclear Iran is threat to America's national security.
"Let me be absolutely clear: a nuclear Iran is a threat to the United States, and we must do all that it takes to eliminate that threat.
"Under this Administration, Iran is facing the toughest sanctions yet from both the United States and our European allies. In November, after an IAEA report revealed that Iranian researchers were exploring nuclear weaponization, President Obama took swift action through an executive order to impose new sanctions on foreign companies that do business with Iran. Furthermore, the Treasury Department designated Iran's financial system a threat to foreign banks and other financial institutions.
"In December, I was a cosponsor, along with Eric Cantor, the Majority Leader, of the Iranian Threat Reduction Act, which tightens sanctions on Iran's energy and financial sectors, including the Central Bank of Iran, which has financed the activities of terrorist groups and has been linked to its nuclear program. That legislation passed the House with over 400 votes, and the language on Iran's central bank was included in the Defense Authorization bill signed into law.
"Last month, the President issued another executive order that imposes further sanctions on the Central Bank of Iran and freezes assets in the United States. This followed a successful effort by the Obama Administration to secure additional sanctions from our allies in Canada and the European Union.
"Iran's leaders are feeling the pressure. We must continue applying that pressure – and increasing it – while refusing to deny ourselves any recourse to preventing a nuclear Iran.
"The President and Congress are in firm agreement when it comes to this point, which President Obama made here yesterday when he said: 'The effective implementation of our policy is not enough – we must accomplish our objective. …Iran's leaders should have no doubt about the resolve of the United States, just as they should not doubt Israel's sovereign right to make its own decisions about what is required to meet its security needs.'
"And, the same when he said yesterday: 'I will take no options off the table. …I do not have a policy of containment; I have a policy to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon.'
"Let me make this same point today: The United States must not allow a nuclear-armed Iran. Our policy is not containment but prevention.
"It is critically important that the United States and Israel work closely together to meet this threat, and that's why I'm introducing this week, along with Republican Leader Eric Cantor, the U.S.-Israel Enhanced Security Cooperation Act, which we expect will pass with overwhelming bipartisan support. It will enshrine in law the deeper military and security cooperation this Administration has forged with Israel and made a high priority. It is a reminder of the bipartisan support for Israel that has long brought Americans together across party lines.
"Military cooperation between the United States and Israel has never been closer. Together, we are developing responses to common threats, exchanging vital intelligence, and sharing in the production of new technologies. As I have said so often, Israel's survival and success is and must be a central tenet of U.S. foreign policy.
"Israel inspires us as Americans. We too are a nation built on a dream and know how powerful dreams can be. As Israel has proven, even the passing of centuries and dark periods of persecution could not extinguish that ancient dream of a Jewish state reborn and living in peace.
"When they excavated the fortress of Masada, where Jewish fighters made their final stand against Rome, archaeologists discovered clay pots containing ancient seeds from the time of Masada's fall. Those seeds came from a date plant that had since become extinct. Israeli scientists regenerated one of those seeds and planted it. It grew. It thrived. Once thought lost forever, that 2,000-year-old date palm now lives again.
"The dream of Masada's heroes lived on through the ages and has now borne fruit. So too, we pray, shall the dream of peace for Israel and a secure future for its people.
"Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel exulted in this same power to endure through the ages when he described Israel, as I said earlier, as born from 'a stream of dreaming,' a 'sacred river flowing in the Jewish souls of all ages.'
"America will continue to stand side-by-side with the nation born from that dream of the ages – the fulfillment of which can be heard in that song of arrival: 'He-vey-nu Shalom Aleichem – We have brought peace unto you.'
"Those words recall another of Rabbi Heschel's joyous observations: 'A land that was dead for nearly two thousand years,' he wrote, 'is now a land that sings.' Our joint mission must be to keep that song alive. Our values demand it; our security demands it; and history demands it as well."


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Microsoft's own video showing the Xbox One's dashboard and user interface was disappointing, because being so heavily staged, it didn't give us an idea of how it actually performed in the real world. This real video, on the other hand, is just perfect.
Shot in the middle of a round of Killer Instinct by Gameon Daily, it focuses mainly on how the system's menu and other apps can "snap" in on top of your gameplay, but also shows the user returning to the main menu as well.
Looks fast! And, when you simply must resort to GameFAQs, incredibly useful as well.
Xbox One UI and Snap Mode Walkthrough [Gameon Daily, via NeoGAF]


text: 3 - 50 Round Drums for Thompson® 2 - 50 Round Drums for Thompson® 10 Magpul PMags MOE Free Ship! Magpul PMag D-60 SKS 75 Round Drum Non Guns Magazines Clips Browning BLR | 835 | 0 | Lc | 312.4759ms View Category Browning BLR 81 222/223 For Sale from Kones Korner | Positive feedback: 98% View | Verified Seller | 6020 Completed Sales View Sellers Items Description: Here are clips for the Browning BLR 81 222/223 cal. They are Brand new in the box. They are $55.00 each. Shipping and Handling will be $5.00 to lower 48. Email us with any questions. Read More Condition: New In Box UPC: Browning BLR 81 222/223 Location: SD Trades Accepted: No Read More LIKE KONES KORNER ON FACEBOOK ESTABLISHED IN 1964 KONES KORNER HAS BEEN TAKING CARE OF NE SOUTH DAKOTA SPORTSMEN FOR MORE THAN 40 YEARS. WE ARE A SMALL FAMILY OWNED GUN SHOP/ GAS STATION. WE ARE LOCATED IN CASTLEWOOD, SD. WE ARE OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK. MONDAY-SATURDAY 7:00AM TO 7:30PM CST AND SUNDAY 8:00 TO 7:30PM CST. WE ACCEPT MONEY ORDERS, CASHIERS CHECKS, AND CREDIT CARDS(OUR PRICES REFLECT CASH DISCOUNTS, 3% ADDED TO CREDIT CARD SALES(Visa & Master Card). WE OFFER LAYAWAY, WITH A 25% NON-REFUNDABLE DOWN PAYMENT AND 60 DAYS TO PAY THE REMAINING BALANCE(all layaway sales are final). ALL CUSTOMERS THAT BACK OUT OR SEND GUNS BACK WILL FORFEIT THEIR SHIPPING COSTS, GA FEES, AND CREDIT CARD EXPENSES. WE BUY COLLECTIONS. Shipping Notes: $5.00 S&H Read More Share Item Item #: 976899230 Kones Korner Seller Since: Nov. 2005 Identity Verified ( Castlewood, SD ) Featured Local Dealer This seller is an FFL City: Castlewood State: SD Price: SOLD Shipping: $5.00 (or FREE in-store pick up!) Accepted Payment Methods: Returns: 3 Days Your Recently Viewed Items


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Mya Addresses Rumor About Affair With Jay Zby Thomas Chau | PopCrush
R&B singer Mya addressed a new rumor circling the Internet that she has had an affair with Jay Z.
On June 19, the blind gossip website Crazy Days and Nights revealed that Mya is the answer to a past blind item they posted about a singer who supposedly had an affair with Jay Z. The original item read:
When people talk about Jay-Z and his mistresses, they often forget about a mainstay who has been there forever. She is the person he calls when he needs to be discreet and thinking about old times. She is that very short named R&B singer who hasn't had a hit in awhile and doesn't really even act or record any longer. She basically lives off the generosity of Jay-Z and a couple of other guys. She peaked at A-.
The 34-year-old singer addressed a fan's question regarding the allegations on her Instagram account in the comments of one of her photos.
"Never did, never was, never will," she wrote to the fan. "Illegitimate thirsty sources with no facts and that's the 'media' for you-especially today. I play second to no one, pay my own bills, have my own label, own management company, rely on God only and respect myself & marriage way too much for nonsense. False rumors are crafted for ratings & numbers. And miserable, unhappy people need someone to judge to deter the attention away from their own misery and feel better about their miserable lives."
The blind item post comes during a tumultuous time between Jay Z and Beyonce which started with the elevator incident with Solange Knowles, where it was rumored that Jay Z was flirting with someone at a party that caused Solange to become enraged at Jay Z.
Earlier this week, more suspicion was raised when during her On the Run concert, Beyonce changed the lyrics to one of her songs about misdeeds to reference her own marriage, which caused fans to wonder why she did that.


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Pottery & Porcelain Marks- Anchor: Marks in the shape of an anchor were used on pottery and porcelain throughout Europe in the 18th to 21st century. The earlier marks from the 1700s were anchors drawn with few lines and little detail. In the 19th century ceramic manufacturers created more elaborate marks with initials, names, objects, or borders surrounding the anchor shape. By the end of the twentieth century the anchors had been given a sleek, modern look.
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Cabo 36 Express 2013
• Twin C7 ACERT 3126 460hp Cats with special edition ZF Pods with 500 hours
• Cockpit AC
• Twin Raymarine Hybrid Touch multifunction displays
• Radar
• Auto pilot
• Joystick
• Stereo
• Marlin Tower
• Tuna door
• Cockpit Rocket Launcher
• Outriggers
• Fish Ready
• Excellent Condition
A true sportfishing machine, our 36 Express represents the same excellent design, engineering and construction that anglers have come to expect from CABO. The hull is remarkably balanced to provide a dry, smooth and fast ride. Proper balance allows the 36 Express to ride high in waves, kick up less spray and move forward effortlessly. The interior lives up to CABO's standards in quality, featuring solid-surface countertops, stainless hardware, fine cabinetry, ample rod storage, and superior fabrics and materials - everything the discerning sportsman expects from a boat bearing the CABO name.
Vessel speed and efficiency are critical attributes to ensure that you get to the fishing grounds faster, and allow you to stay longer. With an engine package specifically designed to maximize performance, the 36 Express delivers a range and top speed that is sure to please. Her ability to back down swiftly and pivot nimbly can make the difference between boating a trophy fish or reeling in a broken line. The 36 Express can be equipped with standard propulsion or Pod drives, which offer more maneuverability.
Ample fighting space provides enough room to handle multiple hookups - a significant benefit that is often excluded in smaller boats. The bait prep center has a sink, rigging board, deep tackle drawers and an icebox for cockpit convenience. Since you can never have too many rods, the 36 Express also comes with locking storage to accommodate all of your favorites.
Design & Construction
As a Michael Peters design, careful thought and consideration has been given to creating an incredibly strong, high-performance hull. CABO uses high-tech laminating processes to assure tremendous hull and topside deck strength. The boat's highly sophisticated reinforced fiberglass interior module adds even greater resistance to torsion and flexure. Using a method far superior to conventional techniques, CABO bonds the hull and interior into one monolithic structure, ensuring the vessel is truly seaworthy in calm seas or high squalls.
The 36 Express is a no-nonsense sportfishing boat - but that doesn't mean that she can't have well-equipped accommodations. In the 36 Express, you will find an efficient galley that runs portside of the living space, and features a recessed two-burner cook-top, microwave/ convection oven, and under-counter cold storage. Teak cabinets are plentiful, and have recessed halogen lighting installed underneath. The double V-berth lies in the forward section of the cabin, and the L-shaped lounge converts to accommodations for two more. Storage compartments and lockers are found throughout. To complete the layout, the full head with a separate shower stall lies aft of the main living space.
Denison Yacht Sales offers the details of this yacht in good faith but cannot guarantee or warrant the accuracy of this information nor warrant the condition of this boat for sale. A yacht buyer should instruct his yacht broker, or his boat surveyors, to investigate such details as the buyer desires validated. This yacht for sale is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or withdrawal without notice. Denison Yachting is pleased to assist you in the purchase of this vessel. This boat is centrally listed by Sovereign Yacht Sales.