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Learning how to manage stress can help prevent serious health problems such as heart disease, depression, and high blood pressure.
Review Date: Monday, November 30, 2015
National Health Information Center - NHICU.S. Department of Health and Human Services
When you are caring for a loved one, take time to care for yourself.
Review Date: Tuesday, December 01, 2015
Read about the Alexander technique and how it may benefit you.
Review Date: Friday, November 30, 2012
American Society for the Alexander Technique
The news can be full of stories about unexpected or bad things. Seeing these things on TV, or even experiencing them first hand, can cause you to feel uncertain, worried, or scared. Here are some tips for helping you to understand the news.
Review Date: Thursday, February 28, 2013
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - CDCU.S. Department of Health and Human Services
An effective support group helps recovery through mutual support and provides updated information about causes and treatment, eliminating some of the myths about anxiety disorders. This page lists support groups by state.
Review Date: Tuesday, January 15, 2013
Anxiety and Depression Association of America
Are you caring for an older or disabled relative or friend? Find answers to questions about coping with the daily stress associated with being a caregiver.
Review Date: Thursday, April 02, 2015
Office on Women's Health
Injuring yourself on purpose by making scratches or cuts on your body with a sharp object is called cutting. When emotions don't get expressed in a healthy way, tension can build up. Cutting may be an attempt to relieve that extreme tension.
Review Date: Tuesday, September 13, 2011
The Nemours Foundation
Healthy habits can protect you from the harmful effects of stress. This article provides ten positive healthy habits you may want to develop, including getting enough sleep, having daily physical activity, reducing worry, and helping others.
Review Date: Tuesday, February 05, 2013
American Heart Association
AmSAT-certified teachers are located throughout the United States and in many countries throughout the world. Search for an AmSAT-certified teacher near you.
Teenagers, like adults, may experience stress everyday and can benefit from learning stress management skills. Teens that develop a "relaxation response" and other stress management skills feel less helpless and have more choices when responding to stress.
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
This information sheet discusses ways to respond to stress that help protect your health.
This document provides a basic yoga sequence that can be done at home.The benefits of yoga include improvements in heart/lung function, muscle strength and flexibility, and a reduction in physical and emotional stress.
Review Date: Tuesday, January 29, 2013
Women's Heart Foundation
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a digestive disorder that causes abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea, and constipation--or some combination of these problems. IBS affects people of all ages, including children.
Review Date: Friday, April 03, 2015
NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - NIDDK
Stress happens when you are worried or uncomfortable about something. You may feel angry, frustrated, scared, or afraid. This article will help kids manage stress.
Review Date: Wednesday, October 31, 2012
Your body responds to the way you think, feel and act. This is often called the "mind/body connection." When you are stressed, anxious or upset, your body tries to tell you that something isn't right.
Review Date: Tuesday, December 23, 2014
American Academy of Family Physicians
If constant stress has you feeling physically, mentally, and emotionally exhausted, you may be suffering from burnout. Burnout reduces your productivity and saps your energy. This fact sheet discusses signs and symptoms of burnout and offers ways to prevent and deal with it.
Review Date: Tuesday, March 31, 2015
The increased stress associated with family disruption, challenges in meeting daily needs, as well as disruptions in law enforcement services can increase the possibility of violence. Follow these tips to prevent child abuse, manage stress and more.
Review Date: Wednesday, January 25, 2017
The body's natural relaxation response is a powerful antidote to stress. Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, visualization, progressive muscle relaxation, meditation, and yoga can help you activate this relaxation response.
Stress is part of life, so a key part of quitting smoking for many people is finding ways to handle stress and take care of themselves without smoking. Here are some tips.
Review Date: Monday, December 01, 2014
NIH National Cancer Institute
In this difficult economy, you may find it harder than ever to cope with challenges on the job. There are a variety of steps you can take to reduce both your overall stress levels and the stress you find at work.
Review Date: Wednesday, April 01, 2015
This document presents six strategies for reducing, preventing and coping with stress. Tips regarding healthy ways to relax and recharge are provided as well.
It can feel overwhelming to take care of a loved one with dementia, but neglecting your own well-being can be harmful to both of you. Find a stress checklist here, along with suggested tips on how to be a healthy caregiver.
Review Date: Thursday, January 31, 2013
Alzheimer's Association
It can be hard to know when you're suffering from an unhealthy level of stress. Take this test to determine if stress may be putting your health at risk. Learn what you can do to feel stronger.
Review Date: Thursday, November 13, 2014
Mental Health America
Everyone experiences stress at times — adults, teens, and even kids. But there are ways to minimize stress and manage the stress that's unavoidable. Follow these tips to keep stress under control.
If you're looking for another way to reduce stress, consider tai chi (TIE-chee). Tai chi is sometimes described as "meditation in motion" because it promotes serenity through gentle movements — connecting the mind and body.
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
Check out these 10 tips to keep you cool, calm, and collected when you find yourself in a hectic situation.
This fact sheet covers things to remember when trying to understand disaster events, signs that adults need stress management assistance, and ways to ease stress.
Review Date: Monday, April 06, 2015
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration - SAMHSAU.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Mass tragedies, including school shootings, workplace violence, and community violence affect different people in different ways. This fact sheet provides tips for coping with stress, and includes information geared toward specific groups, including parents, kids and teens, and school personnel.
Review Date: Friday, January 04, 2013
Watch this short video to learn how yoga can help you to reduce stress and increase flexibility.
Review Date: Thursday, May 22, 2014
National Institutes of Health - NIHU.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Yoga can help you feel calmer when life is busy and stressful. Read about it.
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Baby Bundle
Soft short sleeved body in organic cotton with Winnie the Pooh front print. The body has press buttons at the shoulder for better comfort when dressing your baby.
100% organic cotton
Washing instructions: Wash 30 gentle, Iron low, No tumble drying, No dryclean, Do not bleach
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All international orders are shipped via a registered postal service, GLS. Once your order has been shipped, we will send you an email with your track & trace number.
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Delivery time is typically 2-4 business days and costs €14.
(Norway is not subjected to Danish VAT. The amount will be deducted at checkout).
Faroe Islands and Greenland
Delivery time is typically 3-6 business days and costs €40 regardless of order amount. (Faroe Islands and Greenland are not subjected to Danish VAT. The amount will be deducted at checkout).
Delivery time is typically 2-5 business days and €14 regardless of order amount.
Outside Europe
Delivery time is typically 3-6 business days and costs €14 regardless of order amount. (Non-EU customers are not subjected to Danish VAT. The amount will be deducted at checkout).
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When you shop online at www.wheat.eu you can return any item for a refund within 60 days of receiving your order. Read our Returns Policy for more information on how to return your order.
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|Method for generating customer secure card numbers
|Method for generating customer secure card numbers subject to use restrictions by an electronic card
|Routhenstein et al.
|System for facilitating a transaction
|Personal identification system
|Fak et al.
|Systems for storing and transferring data
The present application is related to U.S. application Ser. Nos. 09/667,081 and 09/667,089, filed Sep. 21, 2000, which are continuation-in-part applications of U.S. Ser. No. 09/659,434, filed Sep. 8, 2000, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/640,044, filed Aug. 15, 2000, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/619,859, filed Jul. 20, 2000, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/571,707, all of which disclosures are specifically incorporated herein by reference. This application is also related to another application being filed concurrently herewith, entitled Method for Generating Customer Secure Card Numbers Subject To Use Restrictions By An Electronic Card, application Ser. No. 09/960,714.
The present invention is in the field of payment systems.
Three forms of money in widespread use today throughout the world are cash, checks and payment cards (debit or credit). Each has distinct advantages, and distinct disadvantages. Cash is readily accepted, easy to use and anonymous, but it does not earn interest, it can be lost or stolen, and it is not always readily accessible. Checks are not always accepted, but they offer many advantages, since they do not have to be written until the time of payment. However, they must be physically presented and they are not anonymous. Payment cards are readily, but not always, accepted, and they offer many advantages over checks. If the card is a credit card, payment can be deferred, but the transaction is not anonymous. If the card is a debit card, payment has usually been made prior to its use, but it is anonymous. Accordingly, it is apparent that different types of money have different advantages to different persons in different situations. This may be one reason why all these forms of money are still in widespread use, and are even used by the same persons at different times.
As society and international commerce have become more dependent upon electronic transactions, money has also become more electronic. Many attempts have been made to come up with suitable forms of electronic money that mimic the physical world, or even create new forms of electronic money. However, despite the enormous need for such money, and efforts by some of the best minds and most successful companies in the world, electronic money has suffered many setbacks and been far slower to materialize than many had hoped or predicted. The reasons are many and varied, but some of the obvious reasons are security, ease of use/operation, and unwillingness of the public and/or commerce to make radical changes or embrace new technology and/or procedures. As a result, many efforts, including several potentially promising efforts, have met with failure.
Even though new forms of electronic money have been slow to develop or gain widespread acceptance, electronic payments have still moved forward. Many banks now offer some form of electronic checking. And payment cards have been used for electronic transactions in e-commerce and m-commerce (mobile commerce). Still, there is widespread concern about the safety of such transactions, and recent news stories have uncovered widespread fraudulent activity associated with use of traditional credit card numbers in e-commerce over the Internet. In addition, there is growing concern about consumer privacy, or lack thereof, due to widespread electronic profiling of consumers who make electronic payments.
Although the media has been quick to cover fraud associated with use of credit cards over the Internet, it is often overlooked, at least by the public and the media (but not the credit card companies), that the majority of fraudulent activity concerning credit cards is not associated with e-commerce activity. Most fraud occurs in the "brick and mortar" world, and the numbers are daunting. Despite many attempts to combat unauthorized or fraudulent use of credit cards, it is estimated that credit card fraud now exceeds hundreds of millions, if not several billion, dollars per year. And this does not even count the cost of inconvenience to consumers, merchants and credit card issuer/providers, or the emotional distress caused to victims of such fraud, or the cost to society in terms of law enforcement and preventative activities.
Accordingly, there is a very real, long-felt need to reduce the amount of fraudulent activity that is associated with credit cards, and this need has only grown more acute as consumers and commerce search for better ways to purchase and sell goods and services via e-commerce and m-commerce. However, any solution needs to be something that is acceptable to the public at large. It should be easy to use. It should not be complicated or expensive to implement. Preferably, it should fit within the existing infrastructure, and not be something that requires a great deal of educational effort, or a radical change in behavior or habits of consumers. In other words, it should be user friendly, readily understandable and something that does not require a completely new infrastructure, which is a reason suggested by some as to why smart cards have not been widely accepted in the United States.
In addition, it is highly desirable that any solution to such problems be capable of widespread use, in many different platforms, for many different applications.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,956,699 issued in September of 1999, Wong and Anderson were the first to introduce the methodology of a system for secure and anonymous credit card transactions on the Internet. This patent introduced a system which used an algorithm to use one's own selected Personal Identification Number (PIN) as one's own de facto digital signature. The algorithm instructs the cardholder how to insert one's PIN into one's valid credit card number before using it for any transactions on the Internet. The resultant scrambled up credit card number, which is tailored by the algorithm to having the same number of digits as before, is rendered useless on the Internet because the PIN insertion algorithm is changed automatically after every transaction. This methodology is not only capable of drastically reducing credit card fraud on the Internet, it is also capable of safeguarding one's anonymity, and thus privacy, in credit card purchases on the Internet.
After the issuance of U.S. Pat. No. 5,956,699, Wong et al. also invented an anonymous electronic card for generating personal coupons useful in commercial and security transactions, a method for implementing anonymous credit card transactions using a fictitious account name, as well as methods for generating one-time unique numbers that can be used in credit card transactions in the brick and mortar world, e-commerce, m-commerce and in many other applications.
The present invention seeks to provide new methods for generating and processing Secure Card Numbers (SCN) that can be used in all types of transactions in which a conventional credit card account number is accepted. In addition, the present invention conforms to the existing standards for PIN encryption as promulgated by the American Bankers Association (ABA), the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), the International Standards Organization (ISO), and the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Because the methodology is well suited for use in hardware and software applications, it has widespread applicability to many different types of transactions.
The present invention is related to the concept of customer one-time unique purchase order numbers ("Coupons") as described in U.S. Ser. No. 09/640,044. An algorithm is executed that uses a user account number, a customer sequence number, a customer permutated user key, and a Transaction Information Block (TIB) as input variables to form an SCN that is correlated with a sequence number. Combining a user key with a user account number, a user insertion key correlated with the customer sequence number, and then encrypting the result using the Triple Data Encryption Standards (TDES), forms the customer permutated user key. A random number generator generates the user insertion key that is correlated with the sequence number. The TIB may provide several pieces of information, including the conditions under which the SCN will be valid (i.e., the SCN type), additional account identification information, and the status of the device used for SCN generation. The sequence number can be changed after each SCN is generated and a new SCN can then be generated using a new user insertion variable correlated to the changed sequence number.
After an SCN is generated, it is transferred with a first entity identifier to a second entity (which can actually be several entities), which then transfers the information to a money source. An individual SCN is verified as being valid by the money source by duplicating the generation of the customer permutated user key for the specified first entity and the specified sequence number, and then comparing it to the customer permutated user key which is embedded in the provided SCN. Additionally, the money source verifies that the specified SCN type is valid given the specific conditions of the transaction. Once verified as valid, each SCN passes through a life cycle in accordance with conventional credit card processing practices and with its SCN type, in which it may be used for various types of transactions before being retired. If a preselected number of SCNs are received by the money source and determined to be invalid (either consecutively or within a predetermined timeframe), then an invalid user account number condition is set to prevent further attempts to verify SCNs for that first entity.
A user key can be entered into an input device, and validates the user key by comparing it to a stored user key. If the entered user key is valid, the user can generate an SCN. The sequence number changes each time a user key is entered into the input device.
The present invention is generally directed to a method for providing one or more secure transactions between a first entity and at least one additional entity in which a Secure Card Number ("SCN") is generated for the first entity, then transferred with a first entity identifier to a second entity and then transferred to a money source that verifies that the transaction is valid by use of the first entity identifier and the SCN. The SCN includes a Transaction Information Block ("TIB"), a Counter Block, and an encrypted Personal Identification Number ("PIN") Block. The SCN can be transferred to the money source in an account number while the first entity identifier is transferred to the money source in a non-account data field or the first entity identifier can be transferred to the money source as an account number while the SCN is transferred to the money source in a non-account data field.
In a first, separate aspect of the present invention, the TIB can be used for invoking one or more restrictions on use of the SCN. The money source can use the TIB to determine whether the SCN should be a single-use SCN (i.e., can only be used for a single transaction by the first entity) or a multiple-use SCN (i.e., can be used for multiple transactions between the first entity and a single merchant). The TIB can also be used by the money source to identify the physical device used to generate the SCN.
In another, separate aspect of the present invention, the money source validates the SCN by duplicating a PIN Block encryption process used to create the encrypted PIN and by then comparing the result to the encrypted PIN Block received with the transaction.
In still another, separate aspect of the present invention, the encrypted PIN Block is formed by using a Triple Data Encryption Standard algorithm ("TDES") to encrypt a PIN Block. The PIN Block can be generated from a PIN associated with the first entity, a Sequence Insertion Number ("SIN") and a starting value known to both the first entity and to the money source. The SIN can be a combination of a first set of seed values and a random value generated by a Pseudo Random Number Generator ("PRNG") that was initialized with the first set of seed values. The first set of seed values is associated with a Counter value that is associated with Counter Block.
In yet another, separate aspect of the present invention, when the SCN is a nine digit number, the TIB is a one digit number, the Counter Block is a four digit number, and the encrypted PIN Block is a four digit number. The encrypted PIN Block can be created by dividing an 8-byte Sequence Insertion Number ("SIN") into four 2-byte integers (three seed values and the random number), adding the PIN and a pre-assigned constant 4-digit value to each of the four 2-byte integers, concatenating the results to form an 8-byte input block which the TDES encrypts into an 8-byte output block, dividing the 8-byte output block into four 2-byte integers x1, x2, x3 and x4 and then using integers x1-x4 to produce the 4-digit encrypted PIN Block with a value P, wherein P=(Ax1+Bx2+Cx3+Dx4)mod 10000, each of the values A, B, C and D being pre-assigned odd integers.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a method for generating and processing customer Secure Card Numbers for use in transactions where conventional credit card numbers are accepted.
This and further objects and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art in connection with the detailed description of the preferred embodiment set forth below.
FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The present invention is related to U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,913,203, 5,937,394 and 5,956,699, the disclosures of which are all specifically incorporated herein by reference.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is adapted for use in credit card transactions, and as such can be used in connection with a wide variety of instruments that can be used in connection with such financial transactions: electronic cards, software programs used in network applications, telephones (especially telephones used in what is now being referred to as m-commerce, or mobile commerce), or even physical imprint transactions. Moreover, it can be used whether such transactions are conducted in person, face-to-face, or whether such transactions are conducted by an indirect medium, such as a mail order transaction, a transaction conducted over a computer network (for example, the Internet), or a telephone transaction.
As is the case in most financial transactions, three parties are typically involved in completed credit card transactions according to the present invention. A party presents a credit card account number with the intent to initiate a monetary payment (or credit/return). In the context of the following description, this is the first entity or customer. Another party receives the credit card account number with the intent to receive a monetary payment (or credit/return), and this party can be a single party or two or more parties. In the context of the following description, the party or parties that are receiving the credit card account number are referred to as the second entity or merchant. Finally, there is at least one party, and usually multiple parties, that serve as intermediaries to the monetary payment (or credit/return). The second entity provides the credit card account number to this party over several transactions to effect the monetary payment (or credit/return): authorization, incremental authorization, authorization reversal, settlement, and credit/return. The intermediary group of one or more parties will be referred to in the context of the following description as a money source. Thus, the money source may be one or more banks, a credit card company or any other institution involved with issuance of credit cards or bank debit cards, such as a credit union or other institution, or a money source as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,913,203.
In connection with the preferred embodiment, it is not necessary that the first entity use a real identity, although such an option is also acceptable. Instead, a pseudonym, such as a screen name or an alias, could be used to protect the first entity's privacy and provide additional security.
Although the first entity need not use a real identity, the first entity must establish an account with a money source. When the account is established, the first entity and the money source must agree upon a payment mechanism or protocol. In the case of a credit card or a bank card, this could be done in the same fashion as exists today, and the first entity could select a fictitious account name as is explained in greater detail in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/619,859. It is especially preferred that two different users not be allowed to select the same fictitious account name so that a fictitious account name also represents a unique identifier. However, the preferred embodiment could also be used in connection with a prepaid account. In such a scenario, the first entity could simply purchase a prepaid card and no real identity would ever be required.
When the first entity establishes an account with the money source, a user key must be selected. The user key can be a PIN, similar to that which is currently in widespread use in the United States in connection with automated teller machines. Both the first entity and the money source must have access to the user key, which can be selected by either entity. In order to be able to retrieve this user key, the money source must create a record associated with the first entity that includes the user key and a first entity identifier (whether this be the real name of the first entity or a fictitious account name).
Once the first entity has established an account with the money source and a user key has been selected, the first entity must be supplied with the means to generate a customer SCN. As already described, this could be hardware or software, but in either case it will include a user account number, a customer random number generator that will be used to generate user insertion keys that are correlated with a customer sequence number, and TDES encryption keys.
The TDES encryption standard is the accepted standard for protecting a PIN during data transmission of financial transactions, as described by ISO 9564-1-1991 (Banking—Personal Identification Number Management and Security—PIN Protection Principles and Techniques, Section 6.2), ISO 9564-2-1991 (Banking—Personal Identification Number Management and Security—Approved Algorithms for PIN Encipherment), ANSI X9.52-1998 (Triple Data Encryption Algorithm—Modes of Operation), and FIPS PUB 46-3 (Data Encryption Standard (DES), dated 1999),the disclosures of which are specifically incorporated herein by reference.
In order to effectively use TDES for PIN encryption, the PIN must be combined with a new set of randomly generated data for each transaction. Otherwise, the encrypted PIN would always be the same value. A customer random number generator, such as the one that is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/640,044, filed Aug. 15, 2000 and which is generally known as a Linear Congruential Generator (LCG), is used for this purpose. This random number generator is algorithmic (i.e., pseudo-random)—when starting with the same set of seeds, it always produces the same sequence of numbers. It can therefore be reproduced by the money source in order to validate a given SCN. Furthermore, since this pseudo random number generator generates its values in a reproducible sequence, each of the values in the sequence can be identified by a Counter value that indicates that number's location in the sequence. The set of random numbers generated and combined with the PIN are collectively referred to as the Sequence Insertion Number (SIN).
In the real world of credit card transactions, it is not possible to assume that transactions conducted by the first entity in a given order will always be received by the money source in that same order. Therefore, the money source method of SCN validation must be based on an embedded sequence value. The Counter value is used for this purpose in the preferred embodiment.
In general, this method can be used to generate SCNs of many different lengths. In the conventional credit card processing infrastructure, a credit card number is typically 16 digits in length. Such a number comprises three sub-numbers: a 6 digit Bank Identification Number (BIN), a 9-digit account number, and a 1-digit checksum number. For the purpose of being compatible with the existing credit card processing infrastructure, the SCN could be 9 digits in length, and could take the place of the account number in the conventional 16-digit credit card number.
In the preferred embodiment, the 9-digit SCN itself comprises three sub-numbers: a 1 digit TIB, a 4 digit Counter Block (which identifies the random number being used for encryption), and a 4 digit encrypted PIN Block.
The 1 digit TIB may take on up to 10 different values, each of which may indicate multiple pieces of information. The TIB can be used to determine which of a plurality of account numbers associated with the first entity should be used for the first transaction. The account numbers can represent, for example, different credit card accounts or different payment or credit cards. A first account number might be associated with the TIB value of 0, a second account number might be associated with the values of 1 and 2, a third account number might be associated with values of 3 and 4, and so forth, wherein any odd value may be restricted to a one transaction limitation while any even value may be used to invoke permission for multiple transactions at a single merchant. In the preferred embodiment, a TIB value of 0 indicates that the SCN may only be used for one transaction; any attempts to use it for subsequent transactions will result in a transaction denial from the money source. A value of 1 indicates the same transaction restrictions as 0, but also indicates that the device generating the SCN has a low battery power condition. A value of 2 indicates that the SCN may be used for multiple transactions, but only at a single merchant; any attempts to use it for subsequent transactions at a different merchant will result in a transaction denial from the money source. A value of 3 indicates the same transaction restrictions as 1, but also indicates that the device generating the SCN has a low battery power condition. Furthermore, a set of TIB values (4, 5, 6, 7) might represent the same restriction and status information as (0, 1, 2, 3), respectively, but further indicate that the transaction is associated with a different subentity (e.g., the first entity identifier identifies a married couple, and the TIB identifies each individual spouse.) Other values might also be used to enforce additional transaction restrictions in ways readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
The TIB can also be used by the money source to uniquely identify a physical device (such as an electronic card) used to generate the SCN. This aspect of the TIB is especially useful when the money source issues more than one card to a first entity. Multiple cards might be issued to the same person (i.e., the first entity) for different uses, or multiple cards might be issued to the same person for use by different individuals (such as family members). In such instances, the TIB can identify which physical card, issued to the first entity, is used for a given transaction. When the TIB is used in this way, the TIB can be used as a customization variable to recognize multiple cards otherwise issued to a single first entity (which might also be a legal entity, such as a corporation).
The 4-digit Counter Block is unencrypted information provided so that the money source may decrypt and validate the SCN. It may be simply the actual Counter value (incremented after each use), but in the preferred embodiment, it is created by adding the Counter value to a starting value known to both the first entity and to the money source.
The 4-digit PIN Block is the encrypted information that is used to validate the fact that the SCN originated from the first entity. The PIN Block is formed using the PIN, the SIN, and a starting value known to both the first entity and to the money source. It is encrypted using TDES, which requires use of three 64-bit keys known to both the first entity and to the money source. In order to encrypt such a small number (16 bits) with such a high level of encryption (158 bits), the PIN must first be expanded to a 64 bit number, then encrypted, and finally reduced back to a 16 bit number—and in such a way that it is guaranteed to be different for each transaction.
The SIN is the product of an LCG random number generator that is initialized with three 2-byte integer seeds—the result of operating the LCG on these seeds is a 2-byte random value. The 8-byte SIN consists of the three seeds plus the random value. As a by-product of its operation, the LCG also produces three new seeds, which will be used for the next iteration of the LCG algorithm. The SIN may therefore be associated with a Counter value that indicates a unique location in the sequence of seeds and value generated by the LCG. This SIN is used as the random basis for each successively TDES-encrypted PIN Block, and guarantees a properly encrypted PIN Block for each transaction. To allow proper validation of the SCN, the Counter value stored in the Counter block is the one associated with the SIN used as the random basis for the PIN Block.
The creation of the PIN Block starts by dividing the 8-byte SIN into four 2-byte integers. The PIN and a predefined constant value are both added to each individual 2-byte integer. The results are then concatenated back again to form an 8-byte input block to the TDES algorithm, which encrypts them into an 8-byte output block. The output block is then divided back into four 2-byte integers (x1, x2, x3, x4). These four values are then used in the following formula to produce the 4-digit PIN Block value P:
In this formula, the four values (A, B, C, D) are each odd integers. The "mod" calculation is a standard modulo arithmetic operation, and works as follows: if the resulting number is greater than 10,000 (or 20,000 or 30,000, etc.), then the value of 10,000 (or 20,000 or 30,000, etc.) is subtracted from it, leaving a positive four digit value.
Once created, the SCN is transmitted along with the first entity identifier from the first entity to the second entity and, subsequently, to the money source. In one embodiment, the SCN is used in an account number that replaces the conventional credit card number, and the first entity identifier is a static 9 digit number pre-assigned to the first entity that is transferred to the money source in a non-account data field. In the case of an electronic swipe credit card transaction, the first entity identifier is dynamically encoded onto Track 1 and/or Track 2 of the magnetic stripe in the area known as the Discretionary Data Field, which comprises up to 13 digits of information. In the case of a transaction where the first entity is not present, such as a mail order, telephone order, or Internet order, the first entity identifier is transmitted as part of the Billing Address field in one of may possible forms. For example, it may be entered as "P.O. Box <first-entity-identifier".
In an especially preferred embodiment, the SCN is not used in an account number to replace the conventional credit card number, but is instead used in conjunction with it—the conventional credit card number itself functions as the first entity identifier, and the SCN is used as a dynamic digital signature to positively identify the first entity and is transferred to the money source in a non-account field of data. In this case, the SCN is transmitted either in the Discretionary Data Field of Track 1 and/or Track 2 or via the Billing Address in a card-not-present transaction.
The Money Source validates the SCN by using the first entity identifier to lookup the information necessary to reproduce the PIN Block encryption for the first entity: the TDES keys, the LCG Seeds, and the PIN. The Money source determines the Counter value by examining the Counter Block, reproduces the calculation of the PIN Block, and then compares the results to the received PIN Block to perform the actual validation.
The Money Source also validates the usage of the SCN based on the embedded TIB. It therefore enforces the various policies based on the first entity's previous transaction history: single-use, multiple-use for single merchant, card-present only.
In the embodiment when the SCN is used in an account number in place of the conventional credit card number, it passes through the standard credit card transaction life-cycle: initial authorization, potential incremental authorization, potential authorization reversal, settlement, and potential credit/return. However, in an especially preferred embodiment, the SCN is only used for initial authorization—beyond that, the Money Source performs its standard transaction processing.
The Money Source may detect fraudulent transaction attempts in various ways. In both the embodiment where the SCN replaces the conventional credit card number, the Money Source may check for re-use of single-use SCNs, use of SCNs without first entity identifiers when the card is not present, re-use of multiple-use/single-merchant SCNs at a different merchant, or SCNs with invalid PIN Blocks. Each of these cases represents a different type of fraud. The Money Source may take various actions in response to each of these types of attacks, such as disabling the account after an excessive number of fraudulent transaction attempts, or returning the code indicating that the merchant should retain the credit card being used for the transaction.
In the preferred embodiment, the Money Source detects fraudulent authorization attempts such as re-use of single-use SCNs, re-use of multiple-use/single-merchant SCNs at a different merchant, SCNs with invalid PIN Blocks, or use of the conventional credit card number on an SCN-enabled account without inclusion of an SCN when the card is not-present. This last case covers simple Internet fraud attempts, but allows, for example, a manual-entry transaction at a POS machine or an imprint transaction. After detecting fraud attempts, the Money Source may take the same types of actions as described above.
It should be noted that the preferred embodiment allows the SCN, when paired with a conventional credit card number, to be validated by back-end software that is integrated with the issuing money source's authorization and settlement processing. An issuing money source can identify an SCN-enabled credit card account in an issuer-determined fashion (e.g., a unique Bank Identification Number). It then forwards select transaction information to the SCN-enabling software, which is installed behind the issuing money source's firewall, which validates the SCN. This means that software generating the SCN can be allowed operate in isolation—it does not have to be in communication with the back-end software—and thus it can be embedded in a credit card or other standalone device.
The inventions described above can be implemented by a money source for use with an electronic card. It is preferable that every user account utilizes the same Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG), such as the PRNG described in P. L'Ecuyer, "Efficient and Portable Combined Random Number Generators", Communications of the ACM, 31(6):742-749, 774, 1988, the disclosure of which is specifically incorporated herein by reference. However, each cardholder account has a different initial seed, and thus uses a different part of the PRNG sequence. Since the PRNG has an overall period of 1012, there is ample room for each account to have its own non-repeating subsequence of 10,000 values.
The PRNG is divided into two parts: seed generation (Formula 2) and value calculation (Formula 3). In these formulas (expressed using C code fragments), the set (Sx0, Sx1, Sx2) is a triplet of five-digit values in the range ([1,32362], [1,31726], [1,31656])), and represents the seed in the xth location in the sequence. Z is interim storage for the pseudo random number, and PRNG[x] indicates the pseudo random number in the xth location in the sequence. Note that for the practical usage of this algorithm, "x" corresponds to the current Counter value. For each transaction, Formula 2 generates the seed (based on the previous seed) and Formula 3 generates the PRNG value.
In all cases, the initial PRNG seed (which generates value 0 in the PRNG sequence) is pre-assigned to the card. Additionally, the most recently used seed is stored in Random Access Memory (RAM). Thus, when an SCN must be generated, the card runs through both Formulas 2 and 3 exactly once, and then updates the seed storage in RAM. The Counter value is also stored in RAM, and is initialized to the value of 1 at the time the card is manufactured. Multiple values of the Counter are stored to detect accidental corruption. Each time an SCN is generated, the current value of the Counter is used. The Counter is then incremented by 1, and stored again for the next use.
Since the SCN is calculated in an algorithmic fashion, it is possible to pre-calculate the values for a given first entity, and store them on an electronic card. This embodiment is most useful where it is more advantageous to store a large amount of data on the electronic card than it is to perform the algorithms discussed above.
Use of the SCN technology described herein is secure when it requires the cardholder to enter a PIN in order to generate a unique SCN that is valid for only one transaction, and for only the specified cardholder. At no time during the transaction is the PIN at risk. By utilizing both encryption and random number generation technologies described herein, it is possible to achieve at least a 99.9% level of protection against fraud.
Although the foregoing detailed description is illustrative of preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that additional embodiments thereof will be obvious to those skilled in the art. For example, the same inventive concepts disclosed herein could be used in a system in which a customer has two or more account numbers and/or identities, with the same or different user keys. In the case of an electronic card or telephone, this would allow the customer to select which account should be used (for example, to choose a business credit card for use with a business expense, a personal credit card for use with a personal expense, or a bank card at a local store for groceries and cash back). Alternatively, a customer might be permitted to use multiple user keys for the same account number and the same identity. This could allow some of the same functionality, or it could be used to classify the type or nature of the expense or transaction. Furthermore, the same SCN concept can be easily extended to non-financial transactions where user authentication is required, such as with electronic Identification cards. Further modifications are also possible in alternative embodiments without departing from the inventive concept.
Accordingly, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that still further changes and modifications in the actual concepts described herein can readily be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed inventions as defined by the following claims.


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Lets not act surprised in this as we always knew there was something cooking behind the scenes and not everyone agreed and probably disappointed with the approach Tom Miller from Iowa was heading.
As state attorneys general continue their months-long settlement negotiations with the nation's largest banks over widespread problems in foreclosure practices, they have yet to resolve differences within their own group on key issues.
Even within the 14-member "executive committee" of attorneys general who are leading the 50-state coalition, some have very different visions of what exactly a settlement should look like.
A handful of crucial states, including California, Illinois and New York, have undertaken their own investigations into mortgage industry practices, subpoenaing information about business practices and seeking meetings with executives about such things as securitization to faulty court affidavits. Other officials, such as in Oklahoma, have threatened to pursue their own settlements with mortgage servicers.


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Judge adjusts settlements in 2007 tanker crash on I-95 in East Lyme
Hartford Judge Kevin G. Dubay this week ordered that attorney fees, interest and other costs be added to the $15.7 million a Superior Court judge awarded this spring to the surviving family members and injured victims of a deadly crash on Interstate 95 in November 2007 that left three people dead.
The judge also reduced two of the six verdicts. With the adjustments, the six awards now total $21,992,286.
A jury in April found that Northeast Carriers, the owner of the tanker truck that jumped the median near the Interstate 395 interchange in East Lyme, and the estate of tanker driver Peter Derry, were negligent and reckless. The tanker rammed into a southbound tractor-trailer, causing a pileup. Derry, 51, of Webster, Mass., died along with two others.
Attorney Matthew Shafner, who represented the estate of Lu-Ann Dugas of East Lyme, said that because some of the verdicts were in excess of compromise offers made by the defendant in April 2011, interest was added to the compromise amounts because the court system encourages people to settle their cases. Attorneys fees were awarded because there was a finding of reckless driving, he said.
The jury had awarded $3,763,100 to the Dugas estate. The amount, with enhancements, is now $5,479,195. Dugas had been returning from a medical appointment and was crushed by the roof of her car, according to testimony. She died at the scene.
The jury awarded $5,575,000 to James Clark, the 27-year-old driver of the southbound tractor-trailer, who suffered extensive injuries, including foot, leg and rib fractures, a back injury and head trauma. The enhanced award totals $8,955,824. Clark was represented by New London attorney Shelley L. Graves.
The jury awarded $1,069,500 to Lynn Mariani, a fellow teacher who was carpooling with Samira Clough of Mystic to a teachers' workshop. Judge Dubay reduced the amount to $669,500, then added attorneys fees and costs, bringing the new total to $906,974. Mariani was represented by Groton attorney Peter Bartinik Sr., who said that Mariani's physical injuries were not severe, but she suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder.
Bartinik, who had elicited testimony at the trial from Charles Morgan, a renowned psychiatric and forensic expert, said Mariani has returned to teaching and is doing well but could have setbacks in the future. However, Bartinik said, a judge has the prerogative to reduce a verdict if he feels there is not sufficient evidence to support the jury's award of future economic damages, which in Mariani's case would entail medical expenses.
"I'm not shocked by the reduction," Bartinik said Friday in a phone interview. "But I'm shocked it was considerable."
The jury awarded $2,218,000 to Clough, a teacher who suffered a cracked vertebrae and a foot injury and who was forced into early retirement. The judge reduced the award to $1,718,000 but added attorney's fees and interest, bringing the new total to $2,897,750. Clough was represented by attorney Dina Fisher of New Haven.
The jury awarded $3,210,000 to the estate of Fred Held of Milford, who was returning there from a local casinos and died in his Honda Accord. The enhanced award amount is $3,654,458. The estate was represented by attorney Carl Secola of New Haven.
The judge increased the $50,000 awarded to South Bay Trucking, the owners of the tractor-trailer that Clark was driving, to $98,000.
The plaintiffs have not yet collected their awards. Since Northeast Carriers only had $2.6 million in insurance coverage, the attorneys are attempting to recover some of the damages from Northeast's parent company, the Brooklyn, Conn.-based Saveway Petroleum, according to Shafner.
Archaeologists find evidence of the earliest known population in Connecticut
10 ex-NFL players charged with defrauding healthcare program
UPDATE: Gas leak on Bank Street prompts temporary evacuation
Democrats unveil impeachment articles, saying Trump 'abused the powers of the presidency'
Longshoremen to be laid off ahead of State Pier project in New London
Trump stages campaign rally just hours after impeachment articles introduced


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In working with Meercat Associates we can save ourselves and other small business money by getting the best group buying deals, making the most efficient use of utilities, effectively managing our supply chain.
At David Miller Architects we place equal value on design and delivery excellence. Since we began in 2000, our track record of producing inspiring designs and delivering them on time and on budget has earned us high-profile repeat clients in both the private and public sectors. We are a thriving team of twenty-two, and our projects focus on developing education, housing, mixed use, and regeneration projects within Central London from our offices in the heart of Westminster. We have prioritised a range of initiatives, especially relating to CSR, that are not commonly a priority for smaller businesses and through this investment in the team and office infrastructure, we have been able to make a difference using our professional skills in the local community whilst achieving significant growth year on year.Based in Fitzrovia in the heart of London, we appreciate the importance of cohesive and sustainable communities. Through membership of local community groups such as Westminster Business Council and The Fitzrovia Partnership and working with our clients, we are actively involved in a range of projects and organisations that promote regeneration and inclusion within the city.Our involvement with Westminster Business Council began as a CSR and economic initiative to develop sustainable business in the community, and has such an impact on the development of the practice that we now sit on The Board, assisting other companies to make connections and grow.Other engagements include team members who volunteer to work together with pupils and staff at local schools on the Open-City Architecture in Schools project as well as mentoring and providing work placements for young people interested in careers in the built environment. We actively support and collaborate with the Government backed Class of Your Own initiative to inspire and attract diverse young talent into the Construction Industry. Our regeneration projects focus on improving the quality of environment for local residents and working with them to create new amenities, and by providing our architectural services on a pro-bono basis to Maida Hill Place, a social enterprise group, to develop a derelict restaurant into a community cafe and kitchen.We are also involved in Fitzrovia Youth in Action (FYA), the Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust, Women in Social Housing (WISH) and the London Festival of Architecture, all of which inspire people, and promote exciting careers within the built environment. We train and develop our team so that they are empowered to take responsibility in their dealings with clients and suppliers and we are committed to quality in all aspects of our work. We highly acknowledge the diverse value of Apprenticeships within the community, and have created a new Business Administration Apprenticeship role in the practice - developed with the National Apprenticeship Service (NAS). Further to this, we collaborate with NAS, and other professional bodies to develop alternative routes into built environment professions with Technical Apprenticeships.As a practice we believe that work should be both interesting and rewarding, so we work hard to make sure that DMA is providing all team members with a great quality of life, both inside and outside of the office. In order to further achieve this we have recently submitted an application for the London Healthy Workplace Charter Mayoral accreditation. The application process has entailed the introduction of several new policies including ones regarding mental health, healthy eating and physical activity, all with the aim of prioritising and looking after the health and wellbeing of the team.In short, we are supporting the communities where the practice works and creating new opportunities for the company and our team to grow, whilst constantly prioritising the health and wellbeing of all DMA employees.


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As airlines around the world search for higher revenues and increased profitability, the effect on the passenger experience has not been overly positive, to say the least. Even though airliners have not been getting any larger, their passenger carrying capacity has been growing steadily. Airlines have achieved this by cutting down the size of lavatories and the amount room between seats. (This is also known as seat pitch.)
Using data from TripAdvisor's SeatGuru as well as from airlines themselves, we've compiled a rundown on the amount of seat pitch offered in the economy-class cabins of the nation's major airlines. This includes America's three major legacy carriers along with boutique airlines such as JetBlue and Virgin America, as well as ultra-low-cost operators such as Spirit and Frontier.
American Airlines
American Airlines generally offers 31 to 32 inches of seat pitch in its economy cabin. Although it does operate some of its Airbus A319s and Boeing 757s with 30 inches of pitch.
Delta Air Lines
Like American, Delta also operates a fleet with 31 to 32 inches of seat pitch on most of its planes. However, the airline does operate some Airbus A319s, A320s, Boeing 757s, and McDonnell-Douglas MD90s with 30 to 31 inches of pitch.
United Airlines
United Airlines also operates a fleet with mostly 31 to 32 inches of seat pitch. At the same time, it does operate some Boeing 737, Airbus A319, Bombardier CRJ700, and Q400 aircraft with 30 inches of pitch.
Southwest Airlines
Southwest operates a fleet consisting of only Boeing 737s with most versions offering 32 to 33 inches of seat pitch. However, its 737-700s offer 31 inches of pitch.
Jetblue offers 32 to 33 inches of seat pitch across its fleet. Although some of the boutique carrier's Airbus A320s have 34 inches of pitch in economy.
Virgin America
Virgin America operates a fleet of Airbus A319 and A320 aircraft. The Burlingame-based boutique carrier offers 32 inches of seat pitch in economy on all aircraft.
Alaska Airlines
Alaska airlines operates a fleet consisting mostly of Boeing 737 and Embraer 175 aircraft. Most offer 32 inches of seat pitch. However, the 737-800, which represents a sizable chunk of its fleet, offers 31 to 32 inches.
Hawaiian Airlines
Hawaiian Airlines operates a fleet consisting mainly of three aircraft — the Airbus A330, Boeing 717, and 767. The Airbus A330 offers 31 to 32 inches of seat pitch while the Boeing 717 offers 29 to 31 inches. The Hawaiian's Boeing 767 offer 32 inches of seat pitch in coach.
Allegiant Air
Allegiant Air operates a fleet of Airbus A320-family, Boeing 757, and McDonnell-Douglas MD80 jets. The discount carrier offers 30 inches of seat pitch in economy across is fleet.
Frontier Airlines
Frontier Airlines operates a fleet of Airbus A320-family jets. According to SeatGuru, the low-cost carrier's A319s offer 28 to 31 inches of seat pitch while its A320s offer 28 to 29 inches. On the other hand, its A321s offer 30 to 32 inches of pitch.
Spirit Airlines
Like Frontier, Spirit also operates a fleet consisting exclusively of Airbus A320-family jets. The discount carrier offers 28 inches of seat pitch in coach across its whole fleet.
Sun Country Airlines
Sun Country Airlines operates a fleet consisting of Boeing 737-700 and 737-800 aircraft. The Minnesota-based airline offers 31 to 33 inches of pitch in economy across its fleet.


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You can only keep the Kardashians off social media for so long.
Kim Kardashian finally emerged from her New York apartment Thursday with Kanye and her children securely in tow following her harrowing Paris robbery, but the reality TV starlet has remained mum on social media since news of the $10 million heist broke. Indeed, nearly all of the Kardashian/Jenner clan have gone radio silent all week.
The only family member who has explicitly mentioned the incident is Caitlyn Jenner, who posted a photo of Kim on Instagram.
"Love my girl! After hearing the full story, I'm so thankful she's okay," Jenner wrote in the caption. "It's a reminder for us all to be careful in the uncertainty of this world."
But while they've stayed out of the limelight for a few days, the celebrity family seems to be slowly re-emerging. Kendall Jenner popped up on Instagram Thursday in a fluffy red fur style low key outfit.
While Kylie Jenner published a throwback to her vacation in Turks and Caicos on Wednesday, taking some social media heat for posting another revealing pic of herself so soon after Kardashian's robbery with the caption "Looking back at Turks."
Big sister Kourtney Kardashian posted a cryptic message on her Twitter Thursday, her first since the robbery.
Little sister Khloé Kardashian proved self promotion can only be held in check so long as she took back to Twitter and Instagram to promote her new denim line Good American.
"I'm so proud to introduce the first of my girls," Khloé wrote.
While brother Rob has been all over social media advertising his show, "Rob and Chyna," congratulating a friend on a marriage, and lauding his partner Blac Chyna.
Momager Kris Jenner has stayed mum since the robbery.


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There is more than one meaning of Philip V discussed in the 1911 Encyclopedia. We are planning to let all links go to the correct meaning directly, but for now you will have to search it out from the list below by yourself. If you want to change the link that led you here yourself, it would be appreciated.
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For most people, the home that they live in is the most valuable asset they own.
Many people find that rigidly sticking to a monthly budget is a very effective way to end up saving money that would have otherwise been spent.
Autumn 2013 shows at Solihull Arts Complex
Rake leaves from lawns as they fall, to prevent the grass going yellow.
When you flip a light switch, you're probably never surprised that a light comes on.
Good water consumption is essential to survival. Our bodies are made up of mostly water with 85% of our brain, 80% of our blood and 70% of the muscles in our body being made up of it.
Phones aren't what they used to be. That is, they're not phones anymore, if you've got the right one.
If your retirement is approaching and you find yourself in the enviable position of being able to move to greener pastures then the world literally is your oyster.
Not everyone has an A-list budget to shop endlessly, or a personal stylist who's able to bag expensive freebies.
Taking out a Life insurance policy can eliminate the great expenses that are normally incurred after one has passed, and with the ever mounting cost of funerals and legal fees it would be very sensible on your part to pay the nominal amounts towards a life insurance policy than to leave your loved ones riddled with expenses and possibly debt.
Successful trading in any market is based on knowledge, plus some less tangible skills such as the ability to spot trends, act on gut feel, and have the courage of your convictions.
People of all ages will consider a laptop the perfect Christmas gift but how can struggling families afford such a large purchase at this time of year?
Cruises offer passengers the chance to experience luxury and comfort whilst enjoying sights and experiences from across the world.
Breast enlargement is one of the most popular forms of plastic surgery currently offered.
Few of us have time for a bath each day, which is why showers are becoming increasingly popular.
The challenging UK job market has meant that jobseekers have had to get smarter when applying for vacancies, and many are turning to a job site to help in their search.
It might seem as much of a tradition as the mince pies and silly hats, but getting stressed out while making Christmas dinner for the family doesn't have to be a given.
Dubai has often been regarded as an exotic holiday destination strictly for the affluent, however now with great deals on flights, hotels and packages, Dubai is becoming an affordable destination for the average UK traveller and is steadily increasing popularity.
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Our journalists adhere to the Editors Code of Practice, which sets the benchmark for high professional standards and is enforced by the Press Complaints Commission.
For full details on our complaints, corrections and clarifications policies, please click here.
Solihull's vital and leading online information provider, packed with breaking stories and in-depth local community news, which supports our print publication the Solihull News. The website offers high quality editorial focusing on local issues, sport, homes, motors, jobs, entertainment, business and events.
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National Bank of Kuwait (NBK), the largest Kuwaiti bank and the highest-rated bank in the Middle East by Moody's, FitchRatings and S&P, reported net profits of USD 703 million (KD 201.5 million) for the first nine months of 2009. NBK achieved USD 263 million for the third quarter ending 30 September 2009 compared with USD 239 million for the same period in 2008, an increase of 10%.
Operating income came at USD 1,406 million in the nine month period, up from USD 1,370 million during the same period of the previous year, reflecting continued growth in the bank's core activities. NBK's total assets reached USD 42.6 billion (KD 12.2 billion) at the end of September 2009, while shareholder equity stood at USD 6.1 billion (KD 1.7 billion).
Ibrahim Dabdoub, NBK's Group Chief Executive Officer, said "NBK's performance remains solid and impressive despite the challenging environment for financial institutions worldwide. Our core operating income continued to demonstrate remarkable resilience as compared to the same period last year. Our strong financial performance along with our ability to consistently expand our core operations, within and outside of Kuwait, earned NBK recognition not only as one of the top 50 safest banks in the world for the second consecutive year, but also pushed NBK up the rankings by 6 positions to number 38 on the list."
Dabdoub added that the net profits for the nine month period ending September 2009 reflected a number of exceptional one-time events. The bank's USD 66 million reimbursement to customers for Madoff related products together with the unrealized losses of USD 33 million in our local investment portfolio and the voluntary judgmental loan provisions of USD 66 million, continued to impact Group earnings by approximately USD 165 million. Excluding these exceptional items, NBK's net profit would have reached USD 868 million in the nine month period to September 2009, which is 2% above the earnings figure for the same period last year.
Dabdoub also highlighted the success of NBK's regional expansion strategy, specifically in Egypt, Qatar and Turkey, whilst maintaining its market leadership in Kuwait. He stressed that NBK's successful move into the Islamic banking space through the acquisition of a 40% stake in Boubyan will strengthen further the Bank's local market position.
Today, NBK enjoys the largest presence in Kuwait with 67 branches, which together with its growing international representation adds up to 166 branches worldwide. NBK's international presence spans many of the world financial centers including London, Paris, Geneva, New York and Singapore, as well as in China (Shanghai) and Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City). Meanwhile, the regional coverage extends to Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the UAE.
NBK has been consistently awarded the highest credit rating of all banks in the region from Moody's, Standard & Poor's, and Fitch Ratings. The Bank's ratings are supported by its high capitalization, prudent lending policies and its systematic approach to risk management, in addition to the recognized excellence of its very stable management.
© 2000 - 2019 Al Bawaba (www.albawaba.com)


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Wednesday, October 22, 2008
Wordless Wednesday.....
Posted by Misty at 8:49 AM 2 comments Links to this post
Tuesday, October 14, 2008
Camping Again...
We went camping over the weekend again... I know you guys probably get tired of hearing about our camping trips. So I won't bore you the details. Here's a few pictures I took. I didn't take as many as a usually do. My batteries were dieing and after awhile they all look about the same. Landon is beginning to enjoy the whole camping thing more, except the whole sleeping thing. I'm still pooped. It's hard to sleep with a baby. He really loved the glow sticks and walkie talkies. He thought those were the best toys ever. ha! Have a good day!
Posted by Misty at 8:23 AM 2 comments Links to this post
Monday, October 06, 2008
My baby is a teenager......
My baby turned 13 on Saturday. I can't believe it. It was a bitter sweet day I must admit. I can't believe how the time has flown by. It really does fly by. We had a big day. She had her best friend spend the night and then we took them to Six Flags for the day. Let me tell ya, I'm way too old for that. Man I'm still tired. But it was fun. She had a blast though so that made it all okay, sore feet and all. It was Fright Fest too so she got double fun. She loved that, even though all three girls would grab on and hide behind me every time we'd even see one of them. Ha! It was quite comical. They insisted on staying to see it but were scared to death. Silly girls. I made her cake with that new fondant icing. It's pretty and not too hard to do but taste wise, not so good. Let me put it this way. Almost everyone pulled the icing off to the side. It's real gummy. It's just different. It's okay, it's just not mom's butter cream icing. So I guess all the rage is just for looks not taste. But it was cute. Hailey loved it. Did I mention she's a teen? Yipes! It's all down hill from here I guess or maybe the fun has just begun! he he... Guess we're fixen to find out!
Posted by Misty at 11:42 AM 5 comments Links to this post


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Who do you trust for food advice? Review sites like Yelp are bloated and contain a cacophony of opinions. Others just aggregate shallow star ratings. Reviewers often have tastes and preferences that might not match your own. And even if you find a good restaurant, how do you know what is the best thing on the menu?
The idea behind Chefs Feed is that the best food advice comes from experts – professional chefs, and friends with discerning taste.
Currently available in nine US cities, the app doesn't just tell you where to go, but also what to order, providing an insider's look at each city's eateries.
When Chefs Feed approached Cooper, the startup was about to make a big leap. Lots of people were downloading the app, but its functionality was limited to a few features like reading and bookmarking chefs' reviews. With the user base expanding quickly, Chefs Feed needed a blueprint for making the app a platform for interaction between chefs and foodies. The app also needed features to help friends trade dish recommendations and share their passion for food. In short, the app was to get social.
Cooper developed an interface for the app that highlights the expert opinions of chefs, while creating a space for foodie friends to share tips and make dining plans. Social features like following and an activity feed increases the reach and influence of each chef and their foodie followers. The app also caters to the moments when you are just looking for what is good to eat around you, balancing immediate benefit with long-term engagement.
Make sure you try the app, and look for new features coming out in the next few months. This will be big.


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"Dare Your Mighty Thing" - Admiral Richard H. Truly
"Our space program is not one World-Class operation; it is layers upon layers of World-Class operations. It is made up government professionals, astronauts, spacecraft contractors, logisticians, university researchers, policy analysts and yes, politicians who see the national worth to our society of the enormous and complex effort. Together, they make the impossible happen."
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Events at the Cayuga Nature Center
The Cayuga Nature Center, a public education venue of the Paleontological Research Institution, provides an opportunity for nature enthusiasts of all ages to learn about environmental and outdoor education in a fun and engaging way.
Regular Events
Hike our wooded trails under the big sky of our back fields or around our ponds. Find out who is awake and stirring under the moonlight. No need to bring a flashlight—you'll be surprised how much you see without one! Please call ahead for availability (607) 273-6260). $5 suggested donation.
Animal Feeding | Saturdays at noon
Check out our many animals! We feed our snakes, turtles, birds, fish and mammals. Our staff of animal specialists will be available to answer your questions. General admission fees apply.


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What NVMe™/TCP Means for Networked Storage
In the storage world, NVMe™ is arguably the hottest thing going right now. Go to any storage conference – either vendor- or vendor-neutral, and you'll see NVMe as the latest and greatest innovation. It stands to reason, then, that when you want to run NVMe over a network, you need to understand NVMe over Fabrics (NVMe-oF).
TCP – the long-standing mainstay of networking – is the newest transport technology to be approved by the NVM Express organization. This can mean really good things for storage and storage networking – but what are the tradeoffs?
In this webinar, the lead author of the NVMe/TCP specification, Sagi Grimberg, and J Metz, member of the SNIA and NVMe Boards of Directors, will discuss:
•What is NVMe/TCP
•How NVMe/TCP works
•What are the trade-offs?
•What should network administrators know?
•What kind of expectations are realistic?
•What technologies can make NVMe/TCP work better?
•And more…
After the webcast, check out the Q&A blog http://sniaesfblog.org/author-of-nvme-tcp-spec-answers-your-questions/
Jan 22 2019
63 mins
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Sagi Grimberg, Lightbits; J Metz, Cisco; Tom Reu, Chelsio
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What a Year It Was – and Where We Need To Go on Emerging Memory
Jan 14 2020
7:00 pm
75 mins
Jim Handy, Objective Analysis and Tom Coughlin, Coughlin Associates
Get prepared for SNIA's Persistent Memory Summit with this webcast from Objective Analysis and Coughlin Associates. Following up on their 2018 groundbreaking report on emerging memories, Jim Handy and Tom Coughlin will update us on 2019 advances in support from SNIA, the launch of Optane memory on DIMMs, new MRAM types, and more. You won't want to miss their analysis on the progress made, and their perspective on the groundwork that still needs to be covered to bring persistent memory to mainstream computing.
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Where Does SPDK Fit in the NVMe-oF Landscape?
Jan 9 2020
6:00 pm
75 mins
Jim Harris, Intel; Ben Walker, Intel, Tim Lustig, Mellanox
The Storage Performance Development Kit (SPDK) has gained industry-wide recognition as a framework for building highly performant and efficient storage software with a focus on NVMe. This includes software drivers and libraries for building NVMe-oF host and target solutions. In this presentation, technical leaders from SPDK will provide an overview of the project, NVMe-oF use cases that are best suited for SPDK, and insights into how SPDK achieves its storage networking performance and efficiency, discussing:
•Overview of the SPDK project
•Key NVMe-oF use cases for SPDK
•Examples of NVMe-oF use cases not suited for SPDK
•NVMe-oF Target Architecture and Design
•NVMe-oF Host Architecture and Design
•Performance data
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Data Privacy & Why it Matters
Dec 11 2019
62 mins
Eric Hibbard, CISSP-ISSAP, ISSMP, ISSEP, CISA, CCSP; Steven W. Teppler, Esq.; Thomas Rivera, Chair, SNIA DPPC
Failing to protect sensitive information can put a lot of people at risk of being exploited by cybercriminals, and can make a company face enormous legal penalties.
The way information is shared and stored can put the information at risk.
It is risky to store personal information on portable devices, which are easily lost or stolen.
In addition, the consequences of a data breach can be devastating. Identity theft could lead to financial losses, and a company could face lawsuits and legal penalties.
This presentation will cover what kinds of personal information must be protected & guidelines for keeping this info safe.
After viewing this session, attendees should:
1. Understand how Privacy is defined
2. Highlight some of the Privacy regulations from around the globe
3. Understand what information to safeguard
4. Understand how these privacy regulations affect organizations that handle personal information
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How Facebook & Microsoft Leverage NVMe Cloud Storage
Nov 19 2019
61 mins
Ross Stenfort, Facebook; Lee Prewitt Microsoft; J Metz, Cisco
What do Hyperscalers like Facebook and Microsoft have in common? They are cloud market leaders using NVMe SSDs in their architectures. Get a close up look into their application requirements and challenges, why they chose NVMe flash for their storage, and how they are successfully deploying NVMe to fuel their businesses.
After you watch the webcast, check out the Q&A blog at http://bit.ly/2DCNhgX
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Understanding Fibre Channel Scaling
Nov 6 2019
60 mins
Mark Rogov, Dell EMC; Brandon Hoff, Broadcom; J Metz, Cisco
One of Fibre Channel's greatest strengths is its ability to scale to thousands and thousands of nodes, while providing predictable performance. So, when we say that Fibre Channel has unmatched scalability, what does that actually mean? And how does it work?
We often hear about "designed from the ground up," but in this case it's actually true. From each individual link, to the overall domain architecture, each step along the way is intended to be approached in a scalable fashion.
In this webinar, we'll be breaking down the pieces of the puzzle that help give Fibre Channel its robustness when you're working at fabrics even greater than 10,000 nodes. We'll be talking about:
•What a deterministic storage network is
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•Network Engineering/Design Principles
•Oversubscription and Fan-In Ratios
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•Consistency of performance at scale
Along the way, we'll be talking about some of the ways that Fibre Channel differs from other popular storage networks as they approach large-scale environments, and how it handles issues that arise in such cases.
Please join us on November 6th at 10:00 am PT/1:00 pm ET for another educational webinar on Fibre Channel!
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What Software Defined Storage Means for Storage Networking
Oct 22 2019
62 mins
Ted Vojnovich, Lenovo; Fred Bower, Lenovo; Tim Lustig, Mellanox
Software defined storage, or SDS, is growing in popularity in both cloud and enterprise accounts. But what makes it different from traditional storage arrays? Does it really save money? Is it more complicated to support? Is it more scalable or higher-performing? And does it have different networking requirements than traditional storage appliances?
Watch this SNIA webcast to learn:
•How software-defined storage differs from integrated storage appliances
•Whether SDS supports block, file, object, or all three types of storage access
•Potential issues or pitfalls with deploying SDS
•How SDS affects storage networking
•Scale-up vs. scale-out vs. hyperconverged vs. cloud
After you watch the webcast, check out the Q&A blog http://bit.ly/SDS-Q-A
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ICE [Ep.6]: Setting Budgets, Finding Stakeholders for AI-Enabled DCX Projects
Oct 22 2019
56 mins
Robin Gareiss, President and Founder, Nemertes Research
Intelligent Customer Engagement Series [Ep.6]: Setting Budgets, Finding Stakeholders for AI-Enabled DCX Projects
As IT and business leaders evaluate their how to use AI to improve customer experience, one of the biggest roadblocks is funding.
This webinar provides step-by-step guidance on finding stakeholders to fund the projects, with specific data on how much companies are spending today on their AI-enabled initiatives.
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ICE [Ep.5]: CX Success Stories Require Technology, Leadership, Data
Oct 9 2019
59 mins
Robin Gareiss, President and Founder, Nemertes Research
Intelligent Customer Engagement Series [Ep.5]: CX Success Stories Require Technology, Leadership, Data
A great story requires more than a compelling narrative. Marketing teams can significantly elevate their success with the right combination of leadership, technology, and data derived from well-planned customer interviews.
Crafting that perfect story requires an expanded mindset about what comprises "marketing."
In this webinar, join Nemertes Research President Robin Gareiss, who recently completed detailed research with 518 companies on how they use advanced technologies and reshape their organizational structure to improve customer experience. Based on this research and her experience as a journalist, marketing content developer, and CX advisor, she will cover:
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2. Technology leverage: What are the key technologies and contact-center initiatives that result in measurable CX success—ultimately delivering crucial data to marketing teams that support their success stories?
3. The perfect story: How to conduct interviews that get real-world data to support your mission.
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Understanding Storage Security and Threats
Oct 8 2019
51 mins
Pierre Mouallem, Lenovo; John Kim, Mellanox; J Metz, Cisco; Steve Vanderlinden, Lenovo
What does it mean to be protected and safe? You need the right people and the right technology. This presentation is going to go into the broad introduction of security principles in general. This will include some of the main aspects of security, including defining the terms that you must know, if you hope to have a good grasp of what makes something secure or not. We'll be talking about the scope of security, including threats, vulnerabilities, and attacks – and what that means in real storage terms. In this live webcast we will cover:
•Protecting the data (Keeping "the bad" out)
•Threat landscape, Bad actors/hackers
•Attack vectors, attack surfaces, vulnerabilities
•Physical security issues
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•Remediation after a breach/incident
After you watch the webcast, check out the Q&A blog: http://bit.ly/2JQ1s5L
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ICE [Ep.4]: Analytics' Role in Improving DCX
Sep 26 2019
45 mins
Robin Gareiss, President and Founder, Nemertes Research
Intelligent Customer Engagement Series [Ep.4]: Analytics' Role in Improving DCX
Information is king, and without both real-time and historical data, it's nearly impossible to deliver the experience customers are expecting.
Analytics tools are providing incredible insight to companies about customer sentiment, agent performance, and predictive actions.
In this webinar, learn how successful organizations are using analytics to drive more revenue, reduce costs, and improve the customer experience.
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ICE [Ep 3]: The Agent Experience - From Good to Great
Sep 10 2019
51 mins
Robin Gareiss, President and Founder, Nemertes Research
Intelligent Customer Engagement Series [Ep 3]: The Agent Experience - From Good to Great
Although organizations are busy adding self-service channels, and AI-enabled chatbots or virtual agents to their customer engagement strategies, there is no replacement for the human touch.
Successful companies are transforming the agent experience, delivering better coaching, more analytics, and improved compensation packages.
Learn how you can leverage AI and analytics to reduce contact center agent turnover rates--and ultimately improve the customer experience.
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Fibre Channel and Security
Aug 27 2019
60 mins
Nishant Lodha, Marvell; Brandon Hoff, Broadcom; J Metz, Cisco
Fibre Channel has long been known to be a very secure protocol for storage. Even so, there is no such thing as a "perfectly secure" technology, and for that reason it's important to constantly update and protect against threats.
The sheer variety of environments in which Fibre Channel fabrics are deployed makes it very difficult to simply rely only on physical security. In fact, it's possible to access different storage systems by different users, even when spanned over several sites. Fibre Channel enables security services to specifically address these concerns, and prevent misconfigurations or access to data by non-authorized people and machines.
This webcast is going to dive deep into the guts of security aspects of Fibre Channel, looking closely at the protocols used to implement security in a Fibre Channel fabric. In particular, we're going to look at:
•The definitions of the protocols to authenticate Fibre Channel devices
•What are the different classes of threats, and what are the mechanisms to protect against them
•What are session keys and how to set them up
•How Fibre Channel negotiates these parameters to insure frame-by-frame integrity and confidentiality
•How Fibre Channel establishes and distributes policies across a fabric
Please join us to learn more about the technical considerations that Fibre Channel brings to the table to secure and protect your data and information.
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[Ep.1]: AI Drives Measurable Success in Customer Engagement
Aug 21 2019
60 mins
Robin Gareiss, President & Founder, Nemertes Research
Intelligent Customer Engagement Series [Ep.1] AI Drives Measurable Success in Customer Engagement
Nearly 50% more companies are using or planning to use AI in their customer engagement initiatives.
Nemertes recently studied how 518 companies are using AI and analytics to improve their customer experiences. This webinar details:
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Kubernetes in the Cloud (Part 3): Stateful Workloads
Aug 20 2019
58 mins
Ingo Fuchs, NetApp; Paul Burt, NetApp, Mike Jochimsen, Kaminario
Kubernetes is great for running stateless workloads, like web servers. It'll run health checks, restart containers when they crash, and do all sorts of other wonderful things. So, what about stateful workloads?
This webcast will take a look at when it's appropriate to run a stateful workload in cluster, or out. We'll discuss the best options for running a workload like a database on the cloud, or in the cluster, and what's needed to set that up.
We'll cover:
•Secrets management
•Running a database on a VM and connecting it to Kubernetes as a service
•Running a database in Kubernetes using a `stateful set`
•Running a database in Kubernetes using an Operator
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After you watch the webcast, check out our Kubernetes Links & Resources blog at http://bit.ly/KubeLinks and our webcast Q&A blog at http://bit.ly/KubeQuestions
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Previewing the Storage Developer Conference EMEA in 2020
Aug 13 2019
29 mins
Alex McDonald, Vice-Chair SNIA EMEA, and Office of the CTO, NetApp; Paul Talbut, General Manager, SNIA EMEA
The SNIA EMEA Storage Developer Conference (SDC) will return to Tel Aviv in early February 2020.
SDC EMEA is organised by SNIA, the non-profit industry association responsible for data storage standards and education, and the conference is designed to provide an open and independent platform for technical education and knowledge sharing amongst the local storage development community.
SDC is built by developers – for developers.
This session will offer a preview of what is planned for the 2020 agenda ahead of the call for presentations and will also give potential sponsors the information they need to be able to budget for their participation in the event. If you have attended previously as a delegate, this is a great opportunity to learn more about how you can raise your profile as a speaker or get your company involved as a sponsor. There will be time allocated during the webcast to ask questions about the options available. Companies who have significant storage development teams will learn why this conference is valuable to the local technical community and why they should be directly engaged.
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Kubernetes in the Cloud (Part 2)
Jul 17 2019
60 mins
Michelle Tidwell, Program Director, IBM; Tom Clark, Distinguished Engineer, IBM; Matt Levan, Storage Solutions Architect, IBM
As enterprises move to a hybrid multi-cloud world, they are faced with many challenges. Decisions surrounding what technologies to use is one, but they are also seeing a transformation in traditional IT roles. The storage admins are asked to be more cloud savvy while new roles of cloud admins are emerging to handle the complexities of deploying simple and efficient clouds. Meanwhile, both these roles are asked to ensure a self-service environment is architected so that application developers can get resources needed to develop cutting edge apps not in weeks, days or hours, but in minutes.
In part one of this three part series, we covered the high level aspects of Kubernetes. This presentation will discuss key capabilities IT vendors are creating based on open source technologies such as Docker and Kubernetes to build self-service infrastructure to support hybrid multi-cloud deployments.We'll cover:
•Persistent storage and how to specify it
•Ensuring application portability between Private and Public Clouds
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•Selecting Block, File, Object (Traditional Storage, SDS)
After you watch the webcast, check out the Q&A blog here: http://bit.ly/2M3IVpm
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[Panel] Making Cloud-First Storage a Reality: Challenges and Rewards
Jul 10 2019
36 mins
Anne Blanchard, Senior Director of Product Marketing, Nasuni and Robin Smith, Technical Sales - Gospel Technology
The benefits of a cloud-first storage strategy are well-known: scalability, flexibility, agility, avoiding lock-in and spreading risk to name a few. But defining your cloud-first storage strategy requires you to take a hard look at your ecosystem and address the challenges of cloud adoption head on.
Join this panel to hear experts discuss how the key challenges - including taking risks with data assets, ownership, integration, security and compliance - can be overcome so that you can unlock the rewards of going cloud-first.
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How to Be a Part of the Real-World Workload Revolution
Jul 9 2019
65 mins
Eden KIm, CEO, Calypso Systems; Jim Fister, SNIA Solid State Storage Initiative
Real-world digital workloads often behave very differently from what might be expected. The equipment used in a computing system may function differently than anticipated. Unknown quirks in complicated software and operations running alongside the workload may be doing more or less than the user initially supposed. To truly understand what is happening, the right approach is to test and monitor the systems' behaviors as real code is executed. By using measured data designers, vendors and service personnel can pinpoint the actual limits and bottlenecks that a particular workload is experiencing. Join the SNIA Solid State Storage Special Interest Group to learn how to be a part of the real-world workload revolution
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Introduction to SNIA Swordfish™ Features and Profiles
Jun 27 2019
55 mins
Richelle Ahlvers, Broadcom
Swordfish School: Introduction to SNIA Swordfish™ Features and Profiles
Ready to ride the wave to what's next in storage management? As a part of an ongoing series of educational materials to help speed your SNIA Swordfish™ implementation in this Swordfish School webcast, Storage standards expert Richelle Ahlvers (Broadcom Inc.) will provide an introduction to the Features and Profiles concepts, describe how they work together, and talk about how to use both Features and Profiles when implementing Swordfish.
Features are used by implementations to advertise to clients what functionality they are able to support. Profiles are detailed descriptions that describe down to the individual property level what functionality is required for implementations to advertise Features. The Profiles are used for in-depth analysis during development, making it easy for clients to determine which Features to require for different configurations. They are also used to determine certification / conformance requirements.
About SNIA Swordfish™
Designed with IT administrators and DevOps engineers in mind to provide simplified and scalable storage management for data center environments, SNIA Swordfish™ is a standard that defines the management of data storage and services as an extension to the Distributed Management Task Force's (DMTF) Redfish application programming interface specification. Unlike proprietary interfaces, Swordfish is open and easy-to-adopt with broad industry support.
Your one stop shop for everything SNIA Swordfish is https://www.snia.org/swordfish.
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Introduction to Incast, Head of Line Blocking, and Congestion Management
Jun 18 2019
61 mins
Sathish Gnanasekaran, Broadcom; John Kim, Mellanox; J Metz, Cisco; Tim Lustig, Mellanox
For a long time, the architecture and best practices of storage networks have been relatively well-understood. Recently, however, advanced capabilities have been added to storage that could have broader impacts on networks than we think.
The three main storage network transports - Fibre Channel, Ethernet, and InfiniBand – all have mechanisms to handle increased traffic, but they are not all affected or implemented the same way. For instance, placing a protocol such as NVMe over Fabrics can mean very different things when looking at one networking method in comparison to another.
Unfortunately, many network administrators may not understand how different storage solutions place burdens upon their networks. As more storage traffic traverses the network, customers face the risk of congestion leading to higher-than-expected latencies and lower-than expected throughput. Watch this webinar to learn:
•Typical storage traffic patterns
•What is Incast, what is head of line blocking, what is congestion, what is a slow drain, and when do these become problems on a network?
•How Ethernet, Fibre Channel, InfiniBand handle these effects
•The proper role of buffers in handling storage network traffic
•Potential new ways to handle increasing storage traffic loads on the network
After you watch the webcast, check out the Q&A blog http://bit.ly/323kyNj
Watch now
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Title: What NVMe™/TCP Means for Networked Storage
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Jan 22 2019 6:00 pm
Presented by: Sagi Grimberg, Lightbits; J Metz, Cisco; Tom Reu, Chelsio
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What NVMe™/TCP Means for Networked Storage
Sagi Grimberg, Lightbits; J Metz, Cisco; Tom Reu, Chelsio
[[ webcastStartDate * 1000 | amDateFormat: 'MMM D YYYY h:mm a' ]]
63 mins