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|August 9th, 2012, 06:17 AM
Join Date: Oct 2009
Posts: 87
Small Holbein pattern: Persian or Anatolian?
HI all,
The many rugs with «small Holbein pattern» featured in Renaissance paintings are mostly attributed to Ottoman- / Anatolian- weavers and so are roughly 70 extant rugs and fragments of the type (1). In the essay, I hinted at a possible alternative main source: Timurid Persia, with later migration of the pattern to Anatolia and even to Spain (2) during the fifteenth- or sixteenth century.
In fact, among experts there are diverging opinions (what did you expect ?):
- Amy Briggs (3) using her exhaustive review of Timurid miniatures concluded that the «small Holbein pattern» was one of the most frequently used rug motifs during the Timurid rule of Persia.
-Christies experts, among others, seem to share Briggs views: « The 'small pattern Holbein' design is one which is part of the international Timurid style. Amy Briggs in her seminal article clearly demonstrated the link between the 'small pattern Holbein' rugs and Timurid Persian arts » (4)
-Eleanor Simms, for example, disagrees: « The validity of using pictorial art as a source of evidence for textiles that no longer survive is,..., questionable at best ». (5)
In the following, SHR = Small Holbein Rug.
- Even a quite superficial survey of Timurid miniatures reveals a great number of SHRs. Far from being standardized, the pattern shows variations in details which suggest that real rugs were copied, not any academical standard. (FIG 1 and FIG 2.) Red and blue are often, but not always dominant field colors (green, as in FIG 2H.)
FIG 1. Timurid. 1429. Herat school. Baysungur in a garden. Detail .
FIG 2. Various Timurid « small Holbein» patterns
- SH is clearly the most frequently used rug field pattern illustrated by the painters of the Timurid Royal Libraries (kitabkhana). If one remembers that these Royal Libraries were an important tool for regime propaganda for all Persian dynasties (6), (as were the royal rug factories), one can perhaps assume that the rugs featured in the miniatures were not picked at random, but rather supposed to make a statement.
- A couple of SHRs are found in even older Persian miniatures, dating from the Il-khanid period and from the period immediately preceding the Timurid Empire. This indicates that the SH pattern was known and used in Persia before the founding of the Timurid Empire (and well before the creation of the Ottoman empire in Anatolia, by the way).
FIG 3: Pre-Timurid «small Holbein rugs»
- According to J. Mills (7) the first SHR in European painting dates from 1451 and the bulk of them were painted between 1451 and 1550. Thus, many miniatures featuring SHRs pre-date their first representations by European masters by 40-75 years.
- One of the characteristics shared by extant SHRs, those illustrated in Timurid miniatures and in European paintings, is the ubiquity of the kufic border.
Although kufic borders appear in some para-Mamluk rugs and in a limited number of Anatolian- or Spanish fifteen- and sixteenth century rugs featuring other field motifs as well, they are extremely frequent in illustrations of Timurid rugs, independently of the field motif. IMHO one could perhaps even consider that a kufic border in a (15th-16th century-) SHR is a strong presumption of Persian- (Timurid-) rather than Anatolian- (Ottoman-) origin.
- Even if the reader accepts to walk with me on that thin ice, agreeing that the earliest SHRs with kufic borders may indeed have been woven in Persia and not in Anatolia, he would probably mention the fact that the roughly 70 extant SHRs (including fragments) surely must have been woven with symmetrical knot, since so many experts attribute them to Anatolia. To competently discuss this fine point there are much more knowledgeable people than me here on Turkotek, but I was under the (mistaken?) impression that, even though classical Persian workshop-rugs were woven with asymmetrical knots at least since the Safavid period, there are, still today, several Persian clans and tribes which use prevalently the symmetrical knot (the Luri for example?). One could also mention that Timurid Greater Persia included regions which (today) use mainly the symmetrical knot, in particular in the Northwestern area of the former Empire. Since we know only one rug fragment tentatively attributed to the Timurid period, what proof do we have that Persian Timurid rugs were not, at least in part, woven with a symmetrical knot too?
FIG 4. Map of major extension of Timurid Persia
If the possibility of a Persian origin for the SHR rugs is accepted, one can walk a little bit further on this thin ice and look for a credible cradle inside Persia. I would propose two options, which both respect the main characteristic of Rugdom Science (A total lack of proof).
A:Timurs clan fiefdom: The founder of the dynasty was a prominent Barlas tribesman, a Turco-mongol clan (more Turkik than Mongol) established in Transoxiana, around Kish, southwest of Timurs capital Samarkand, towards the Amu-darya. The base for my fragile theory would be that Timur might have imposed to his kitabkhana painters to feature his clans traditional rugs (or alternatively that the painters did it to flatter the boss and his clan). Martin, in a recent thread about kufic borders, made a fascinating remark, noting that the field-patterns of Timurid SHRs show interesting analogies with some extant Turkmen khali. Could the fifteenth-century Turkmen (who already lived nearby in the trans-Caspian area, at the time) have been influenced by their powerful southeastern neighbors (and nominal suzerains) and copied / interpreted their rugs?
B: The northwestern part of the Timurid Empire: In this area, still today, the symmetrical knot is sometimes in use. This area includes Tabriz, at the time an important city, which together with Herat was home of the most important Timurid kitabkhana. Perhaps the painters reproduced the best rugs they saw in the Tabriz bazaars or in the elites homes? One weak point in this theory is that many miniatures featuring a SHR are attributed to the Herat kitabkhana too. A fact which rather supports option a). On the other hand the few SHRs illustrated in pre-Timurid miniatures (FIG 3) are attributed to the Tabriz school. A point in favor of option b).
1) According to Charles Grant Ellis, cited in Christies catalog, May 2003.
2) At least one fifteenth-century extant SHR (today in Boston museum) was woven with Spanish knot.
3) A. Briggs. Timurid Carpets I: Geometric Carpets, Ars Islamica 7, 1940, pp.20-54. Mrs Briggs publications are extremely difficult to find today. She is cited by many authors, but I wonder how many of them really own a copy. I dont.
4) Christies. May 2003
5) E. Simms. Encyclopedia Iranica. Carpets viii. The Il-khanid and Timurid Periods. Vol. IV, Fasc. 7, pp. 864-866. Mrs Simms is surely right when she cautions us not to believe that rugs illustrated in Timurid miniatures were exact reproductions of the real thing. In fact, the colors of the miniatures were dictated by the nature of the mineral pigments used , which were mostly much brighter than whatever can be done with natural wool dyes. (Especially the reds, the blues and the gold-yellows). However, these rug illustrations also show a remarkable consistency of design, (with enough little variations to suggest a real model), both in the field patterns and in the systematical choice of a kufic border (About four different kufic «scripts» are met).
6) The Princely vision, Persian Art and Culture in the fifteenth century pp. 32-50, «.... From the earliest periods, Muslim powers united political activity with an interest in books. Accordingly it was the staff of the kitabkhana, painters and calligraphers in particular, who were charged with visualizing princely aspirations and affirming rulers legitimacy and power....» . Timur and his immediate successors were particularly aware of the importance of regime propaganda by means of spectacular architecture, lavishly illustrated manuscripts and rich artifacts, certainly including rugs. Later, the Safavid Shahs, especially Shah Abbas, shared this opinion. The latter is said to have personally influenced the design of rugs woven in his royal factories.
7) John Mills, 'Small Pattern Holbein Carpets in Western Paintings', Hali, vol.1, no.4, pp.326-330
FIG1: 1429. Timurid. Herat school. Baysungur in a garden. Detail .
FIG 2A: 1425. Timurid. Herat school. Poet Sa'di and friend. Detail. Chester Beatty Lib. Dublin
FIG 2B: 1427-1428. Timurid. Herat school. Humay in palace of fairies. Detail. Vienna Nationalbibliothek
FIG 2C: 1427. Timurid. Herat School. Drunken prince and maiden. Detail. Chester Beatty Lib. Dublin
FIG 2D: 1427. Timurid. Herat school. Princes playing games. Detail. Berenson collection.
FIG 2E: 1434-1440. Timurid. Herat school. Tahmina enters Rustams chamber. Detail.
FIG 2F: 1444. Timurid. Herat school. Firdawsi's Shahnameh. Detail. Royal Asiatic Soc. London
FIG 2G: 1450-1470. Timurid. Herat school. Detail
FIG 2H: 1469-1470. Timurid. Jamshid instructs his people. Detail. Chester Beatty Library
FIG 3A: 1330-1340. Il-khanid. Tabriz school. The Indians. From a "kalila wa dimna". Detail. Istanbul
FIG 3B: 1370-1375. Chubanid. Tabriz school. Cobbler cuts the nose of barbers wife. Detail. Topkapi. Istanbul
|August 10th, 2012, 05:10 PM
Join Date: May 2008
Location: Cyprus
Posts: 96
Nice investigative job, Pierre.
I dont know the provenance of the Small Holbein pattern, but you have found an important fact: the Il-Khanid miniatures of Fig 2 demonstrate that it existed already in the region of Tabriz between 1330 and 1375. So, for a possible origin, I would start from there. And that is before the Timurids isnt it? (1)
The subsequent Timurid miniatures confirm that the SH pattern always together with a kufic border - was still in use a century later. I rather doubt that Timurids bought their carpets from Anatolia, so isnt preposterous to presume that they should have been woven in Timurid territory. From there the pattern must have been exported to other weaving nations, such as Ottomans and Moorish Spain.
(1) - Mrs Eleanor Simms, objection « The validity of using pictorial art as a source of evidence for textiles that no longer survive is,..., questionable at best » cannot apply here: those are SH rugs. Unless the miniaturists had the gift of divination and were depicting future rugs, that is.
|September 22nd, 2012, 06:43 PM
Join Date: Oct 2009
Posts: 87
Hi all,
In an interesting paper dealing mainly with Seldjuk architecture and rugs, J. Taylor (1) shows an extant fragment, probably woven after the Seldjuk period, but nevertheless likely to be very old (There is no mention of the results of any C14 test in his paper).
Taylor considers that it might be one of the oldest Anatolian rugs featuring the small Holbein pattern and the closest to the Timurid style. One might argue the second point: Unlike a few other supposedly Anatolian SHRs this rug does not feature the usual white kufic border.
However, the peculiar border particularly attracted my attention: Although it shows a superficial analogy to a "running swastika" motif or to the «Hittite» border motif of the lost rug formerly in the Berlin museum (shown yesterday in another thread) this border might be another example of a motif derived from an arabic script. Could it be?
Hi Filiberto:
I fully share your opinion, there is a good likelyhood that the SH pattern originated in pre-Timurid Persia and for unknown reasons got highly popular during the Timurid period.
(1) John Taylor rugbam.blogspot.com/2012/05/
|September 22nd, 2012, 08:04 PM
Join Date: Jul 2008
Posts: 63
Hi Pierre
I agree, if this border is seen in relation to the other anatolian seljuk rugs I would see it as a kufic ornamental motif, derived from mirrored alif/lam. The motif makes a color shift between background and foreground in horizontal and vertical border. And for me that makes more sense than seeing the border like singular motifs, than as a rather messed up "running swastika border".
The pointed ends of the motif is zig-zagged, which could be a simplified imitation of foliated kufic. Looking at other 45 degree lines in the rug layout, the weaver had not problems making 45 degree lines appear strait, so the zig-zag is intentional.
I would probably have had found the similarity of this border to kufic ornamentation a bit to generic if it wasn't for all the other minor borders in the Seljuk rugs which also in various ways variates the kufic motif .
best Martin
|September 24th, 2012, 08:24 AM
Join Date: Oct 2009
Posts: 87
Hi Filiberto,
Quote: «...I rather doubt that Timurids bought their carpets from Anatolia, so it isnt preposterous to presume that they should have been woven in Timurid territory....»
I strongly agree: for any Persian, importing rugs from Anatolia must be tantamount to importing cheese from the U.S. for a (true) Frenchman.
Hi Martin,
I assume that the structure analogy (with primary and secondary «guls») between many Turkmen rugs and the (field-) pattern of the small Holbein rug above has not escaped your attention and neither did it come as a surprise.
Best regards
|September 24th, 2012, 09:22 AM
Join Date: Jul 2008
Posts: 63
no Pierre I will certainly not forget the later Turkmen rugs in this But bear with me I am terrible slow, and I first have to look into Volkmar Gantzhorn (with whom I of course strongly disagree) and F.R Martin and R.M. Riefstahl (who in my opinion got it right in the first place). I have just today got a hand on Riefstahls 1931 article Primitive rugs of the "Konya" type in the mosque of Beyshehir
best Martin
|September 25th, 2012, 09:20 AM
Join Date: Oct 2009
Posts: 87
Hi Martin,
Coming back to the border of the Small Holbein rug shown in J. Taylor's paper (found in Beysehir, Anatolia): It has a rather close parent, a small fragment found at Fostat (Cairo), dated from the fifteenth century, of which Aslanapa (*) shows a drawing:
This fragment further reinforces the hypothesis that these borders derive from script, no?.
Best regards
(*)Oktay Aslanapa. "One Thousand years of Turkish Carpets" Drawing 22, page 64.
|February 21st, 2017, 05:07 PM
Join Date: Oct 2009
Posts: 87
Hi all,
While browsing, once more, through my copy of Lentz and Lowry's outstanding and superbly illustrated book «Timur and the Princely Vision (1), I was happy to find the following comments about Timurid rugs. Apparently this dilettante wasn't walking on too thin ice after all.
I have taken the liberty to add some suitable additional illustrations and a few comments to their text.
Page 220
«……The kitabkhana was also involved in the design of royal carpets….»
«…Evidence from paintings (miniatures) shows two dominant groups of Timurid carpets: an earlier geometric tradition, featuring inner fields with small repeating patterns edged with kufic-inspired borders…»
FIG 1. Timurid. 1429. Herat school. Baysungur in a garden. Detail .
By the way, this design obviously even pre-dates the Timurid Empire in Persia, since as Filiberto rightly once noted, miniatures of the Jalayirid and -Chubanid periods (2) already do feature it.
FIG 2. Chubanid period. 1370-1375. Tabriz school. The cobbler cuts the nose of the barber's wife. Topkapi. Istanbul.
«…and later arabesque carpets, their designs featuring variations of circles and cartouches edged with arabesques…»
FIG 3. 1488. Late Timurid period. Herat school. Party at the Court of Huseyn Mirza.Detail.
FIG 4. 1445-1446, Timurid. Herat school. Khusraw receives Farhad.
«…These later fifteenth century arabesque examples have affinities with kitabkhana efforts in book illumination and would serve as the basis of the spectacular Safavid carpet tradition, …»
And to the Ottoman tradition to boot, if I may add.
FIG 5. Illuminated panel from a Bustan of Sa'adi (detail). Herat 1488. Timur and the Princely Vision, page 190.
FIG 6. Illuminated page from a Khamsa of Nizami. Herat. 1431.Timur and the Princely Vision, page 205.
FIG 7. Ottoman Court rug. Selim II ascent to the throne.
«….but the same cannot be said of the geometric examples, whose vigorous, knotted forms may represent an older nomadic strain, one stubbornly resistant to the aestheticism of court art….»
Page 221
«…Despite their ubiquity in contemporary painting, there are no generally recognized surviving Timurid carpets. (2)
The painted depictions of these geometric carpets, however, show remarkable similarities to the small- pattern Holbein carpets (as well as the related Damascus, or so called Para-Mamluk, carpets)….»
FIG 8. 15th century. Small Holbein pattern. «Vakiflar Museum Teppiche», B. Balpinar & U. Hirsch.
FIG 9. 1460. Botticelli. F. de Montefeltre and Landino. Vatican.
«…..Said to be from Ottoman Asia Minor, these small-pattern Holbein examples were especially favored in western Europe and are found in paintings there from the 1450s.
Little is known of the origin of their design or the provenance of the carpets, but the patterns and colors often reflect Timurid taste and designs.
Since current research suggests that many small pattern Holbein carpets can now dated to the fifteenth rather than sixteenth century, (3) some of the roughly fifty surviving intact or fragmentary examples may be Timurid.
While past research has emphasized knotting technique to demonstrate provenance, carpet weavers captured during Timurid campaigns would have continued to weave in the technique in which they were trained. ….»
(1) T.W. Lentz &G.D. Lowry. «Timur and the Princely Vision. Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth century» 1989. Smithsonian Press.
(2) The Chubanid- (In northwestern Iran) and Jalayirid- (around Baghdad) States were splinters from the decadent Il-khanid State. Both were terminated by Timur.
(3) F. Spuhler «Carpets and Textiles» in the Cambridge History of Iran. 1986.,6, 698-700.
(4) R. Pinner & J. Stanger «Kufik borders on Small Pattern Holbein» Hali I, 1978, 335-358..
Last edited by Pierre Galafassi; February 21st, 2017 at 05:20 PM.
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Asia won the Royal Trophy by the tightest of margins yesterday, edging Europe in a sudden-death playoff to complete a stunning comeback in the team match play competition after the contest had finished level at 8-8.
South Korean Kim Kyung-tae rolled in a 15ft birdie putt on the 18th, the first playoff hole, as he and compatriot Yang Yong-eun saw off Belgian Nicolas Colsaerts and Francesco Molinari of Italy in the fourball decider.
Asia's second win in the sixth edition of the annual contest, loosely based on the Ryder Cup model, then drew a Gangnam Style celebratory dance from Japanese captain Joe Ozaki.
The defeat capped a disappointing day for Ozaki's opposite number, Jose Maria Olazabal, with the Spaniard forced to pull out of his singles match before a ball was hit yesterday because of a neck injury.
With Olazabal's withdrawal, each side added half-a-point to their overnight tally to leave the scores at 5-4 in Europe's favor with 8.5 needed from the remaining seven singles matches to claim the title.
Asia, who had trailed after the opening day foursomes, began strongly yesterday as they quickly raced into the lead in a majority of the matches before the European players found their form.
Colsaerts recorded the first playing point of the day when he edged Korean Bae Sang-moon on the 18th hole.
Spain's Gonzalo Fernandez-Castano then holed an eight-foot birdie putt on the last, one of three he made over the final four holes, to tie with Kim.
However, the Asians fought back and Japan's Yoshinori Fujimoto, who had been three down after 11 holes, rifled in a sharp approach to the last to overhaul German Marcel Siem and win one-up to give the hosts their first victory of the day.
China's Wu Ashan should have added a second as he led Italian Edoardo Molinari by three after 13 holes, but the Italian fought back to claim a precious half point and make it 7-6.
Europe were ahead in two matches and were still on course for victory, but India's Jeev Milkha Singh, who celebrated his 41st birthday on Saturday, rolled in two long putts on 16 and 17 to head down the last one-up on Miguel Angel Jimenez.
The Indian kept his nerve to get up and down for a par on the last after missing the green to record the narrow victory over the Spaniard and tie the scores at 7-7.
Asia then went ahead 8-7 as Yang beat Francesco Molinari in the final match two-and-one, the only game not to go down the last, but Henrik Stenson ensured a playoff would be required as he survived a late wobble to edge Japan's Ryo Ishikawa 1-up on 18.
AP, JOHOR, Malaysia
Sergio Garcia won the rain-shortened Johor Open yesterday, closing with an 11-under 61 for a three-stroke victory in the Asian Tour's season-ending event.
The 32-year-old Spanish star finished at 18-under 198 at Horizon Hills for his second victory of the year and 24th international title. He also won the PGA Tour's Wyndham Championship in August.
Garcia had the lowest final round by a winner in Asian Tour history. He birdied seven of the first nine holes to make the turn in seven-under 29, added birdies on 13 and 14 before a long rain delay, then returned to make it four in a row with birdies on 15 and 16.
American Jonathan Moore also shot a 61 to finish second, while Thailand's Thongchai Jaidee was third at 14 under after a 65.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ride for Reading is on the look-out for a new place to call home. We would like to be located somewhere in Nashville that is accessible via bicycle. However, we are open for any place. We are able to pay some rent, but ideally would like to be able to use a space as an in-kind donation (100% tax deductible). If you know of a place that might be available please let me know. We need to try to find somewhere by mid-April.
Mathew Portell
Ride for Reading


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Difference between revisions of "Dawn (anime)"
(→In the Best Wishes series)
(→In the Best Wishes series)
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In ''[[BW085|All for the Love of Meloetta!]]'', it was revealed that Dawn had traveled to the [[Unova]] region and was staying in [[Cynthia]]'s villa in [[Undella Town]] while the champion was visiting [[Virbank City]]. She would return with Ash who Dawn got to reunite with and was able to meet his new friends, {{an|Iris}} and {{an|Cilan}}. She also battled Cilan using her Piplup,while Cilan used his Pansage,however,the battle was interrupted.She became a good friend of Iris when they traveled to the Onix Island in ''[[BW087|Expedition to Onix Island!]]'' .
In ''[[BW085|All for the Love of Meloetta!]]'', it was revealed that Dawn had traveled to the [[Unova]] region and was staying in [[Cynthia]]'s villa in [[Undella Town]] while the champion was visiting [[Virbank City]]. She would return with Ash who Dawn got to reunite with and was able to meet his new friends, {{an|Iris}} and {{an|Cilan}}. She also battled Cilan using her Piplup,while Cilan used his Pansage,however,the battle was interrupted.She became a good friend of Iris when they traveled to the Onix Island in ''[[BW087|Expedition to Onix Island!]]'' .
Before coming to [[Undella Town]], Dawn had visited [[Nimbasa City]] where she watched a [[Pokémon Musical]] and one of [[Elesa]]'s fashion shows. She also revealed that she would enter the [[Pokémon World Tournament Junior Cup]]. She would later make it to [[BW091|Round 2]] before her Mamoswine being defeated by Iris's Dragonite,despite Dragonite still wasn't listening to Iris's orders
Before coming to [[Undella Town]], Dawn had visited [[Nimbasa City]] where she watched a [[Pokémon Musical]] and one of [[Elesa]]'s fashion shows. She also revealed that she would enter the [[Pokémon World Tournament Junior Cup]]. She would later make it to [[BW091|Round 2]] before her Mamoswine being defeated by Iris's Dragonite,despite Dragonite still wasn't listening to Iris's orders.
Later, in ''[[BW093|Goodbye, Junior Cup - Hello Adventure!]]'',she met [[Cameron]],along with Ash,Iris and Cilan.When they arrived at Cynthia's villa in Undella Town, she announced her intention to head to [[Johto]] to compete in the Wallace Cup being held there. After semi-battling Ash,using her Quilava against Ash's Pikachu, and saying their farewells, she and Piplup boarded the flight to [[Blackthorn City]].
Later, in ''[[BW093|Goodbye, Junior Cup - Hello Adventure!]]'',she met [[Cameron]],along with Ash,Iris and Cilan.When they arrived at Cynthia's villa in Undella Town, she announced her intention to head to [[Johto]] to compete in the Wallace Cup being held there. After semi-battling Ash,using her Quilava against Ash's Pikachu, and saying their farewells, she and Piplup boarded the flight to [[Blackthorn City]].
Revision as of 21:31, 14 August 2013
| Dawn
ヒカリ Hikari
Art from Best Wishes series
|10 (as of debut)
|Eye color
|Dark Blue
|Hair color
|Dark Blue
|Twinleaf Town
|Johanna (mother)
|Trainer class
|Game counterpart
|Anime debut
|Following A Maiden's Voyage!
|English voice actor
|Emily Jenness
|Japanese voice actor
|Megumi Toyoguchi
Dawn (Japanese: ヒカリ Hikari) is a ten-year-old Pokémon Coordinator and a former traveling companion of Ash and Brock. Her goal is to become a great Pokémon Coordinator like her mother, Johanna. Her first Pokémon was a Piplup that she received from Professor Rowan in the first Diamond & Pearl series episode.
- 1 History
- 2 Character
- 3 Pokémon
- 4 Contests
- 5 Other achievements
- 6 Voice actors
- 7 In the manga
- 8 In the TCG
- 9 Trivia
- 10 Names
- 11 Related articles
- 12 On Bulbagarden forums
In the Diamond & Pearl series
Dawn began her Pokémon journey with an overconfident Piplup. She wasn't able to gain his trust at first, but after rescuing him from a group of Ariados, the two became friends. Unlike May, she knew from the beginning that she wanted to follow in her mother's footsteps and be a Coordinator. After meeting Ash and Brock, she decided to journey with them, as their experience would likely be helpful to her. Like Ash, she is lucky enough to have seen a legendary Pokémon at the start of her journey, the projected soul of Mesprit in Following A Maiden's Voyage!.
She had a bicycle, but like Misty's and May's bikes, Ash's Pikachu destroyed it with his Thunderbolt. However, she did not mention this to Ash until more than thirty episodes after it happened. She also had planned to take a large suitcase full of dresses with her, but her mother made her leave it at home due to its impracticality. She had a Contest Pass for the Sinnoh region, and her Contest cry is "Spotlight!" (English) or "Charm up!" (Japanese). Johanna gave Dawn the first Ribbon she earned as a Coordinator for good luck.
Dawn lost her first Contest in Arrival of a Rival! to her new rival Zoey, who became one of her close friends after the Contest and who later helped Dawn through many tough times. After her loss, her mother told her not to rely on her but on her friends. Eventually, in her second official Contest, Dawn narrowly beat her childhood rival Kenny to gain her first Ribbon.
She later trains with Zoey in coming up with different Contest moves regularly as evidenced by A Stand-Up Sit-Down!. However she was not able to perfect Buizel's Ice Aqua Jet despite coming up with the idea. Ash later accomplishes this in the Wallace Cup.
Despite her confidence and Contest training, in Dawn's Early Night!, when she competed in the Hearthome City Contest, she lost in the Appeals Round, making her the first of the main characters to lose a Contest by losing in the first round. In Team Shocker!, she lost the Appeals Round for the second time in a row. This marked a notable change in Dawn's character. After the second blow to her self-esteem, she didn't know what to do and was still very upset throughout Tanks for the Memories!. After this, she became more focused and regained her confidence after battling Maylene in Crossing the Battle Line!. She also began to practice in earnest for all her Contest's performances and battles. Following Zoey's advice to show off the Pokémon and not its moves, Dawn was able to pass through the first round in the Wallace Cup and eventually break her losing streak by narrowly defeating May in the final round of the competition in Strategy With a Smile!. Dawn has since maintained her new found focus and humility.
After learning of the next Contest in Celestic Town, she became very dedicated in her training, and actually overworked her Pokémon in A Lean Mean Team Rocket Machine!. Due to her hard work, she managed to win the Contest in Battling The Generation Gap!. One of Dawn's combinations in that Contest gave Ash the inspiration for one of his notable tactics which he uses later on, the Counter Shield. In A Breed Stampede!, her Mamoswine began to disobey her after evolving. Despite this, she was still eager to train it well.
This was evidenced by how much she cared for Mamoswine in Trials and Adulations! when both of them got lost and Mamoswine was injured. Using the medical knowledge she got from Brock in Doc Brock!, she was able to heal Mamoswine making it obey her. However it still rebels and disobeys Dawn in the finals of the Lilypad Contest in Dressed for Jess Success! due to its short temper making her lose the Contest. However she remains calm and optimistic.
Her encounter with Mesprit and Ash and Brock's encounters with Azelf and Uxie respectively was revealed to be fate as Team Galactic intended to capture the lake guardians to awaken Dialga and Palkia in the Spear Pillar. The lake guardians communicate telepathically with Ash, Dawn and Brock and teleport them to the Team Galactic HQ. Eventually with the help of Cynthia, they foil Team Galactic's plans and free the lake guardians.
In Double-Time Battle Training!, with the help of Candice and Zoey, she comes up with a new tactic after many failed attempts, the Flame Ice. She uses this tactic later on in the Daybreak Town Contest.
While she is the only female main character not to have a sibling, she has two childhood friends that appeared in the anime, Kenny and Leona, both of whom call her Dee Dee (Japanese: ピカリ Pikari). Dawn has prevented them from telling Ash and Brock about the reason why she has this nickname, but in Yes in Dee Dee, It's Dawn!, it was revealed that the reason for the name was due to her hair glittering (ピカピカ pikapika) after being shocked by the class pets in her kindergarten, Plusle and Minun, making it appear that she had Diamond Dandruff. Due to the trauma from being teased by her entire class with the nickname, she has a certain fear of Plusle and Minun.
Ursula uses this against Dawn by using Plusle and Minun and deliberately attempting to shock her hair. Even though Dawn temporarily succumbed to her trauma, with Mamoswine's and Cyndaquil's encouragement, she was able to get over her trauma and defeat Ursula, winning her final fifth Ribbon in the process as well as allowing her to participate in the Sinnoh Grand Festival.
She later trains in Teaching the Student Teacher! where she comes up with a new tactic for the Grand Festival, the Ice Chandelier. This time, however, she is able to perfect the move by herself with some inspiration. After obtaining Togekiss, she trains with it to find a way around Togekiss's need to move gracefully and is able to do so successfully.
Dawn entered the Sinnoh Grand Festival in Last Call — First Round!, using her Buneary and Cyndaquil in the Appeals Round. She progressed through the round and battled Ursula first in the next episode. With Mamoswine and Pachirisu and her new combination, the Ice Chandelier, she was able to defeat Ursula's Gabite and Flareon. In the following episode, she defeated Jessilina and progressed to the finals to fight Zoey.
After a very close fight between her Piplup and Togekiss and Zoey's Glameow and Gallade, however, she lost. After the finals, she returns her mother's Ribbon saying that she no longer is in her mother's shadow and only needs her Pokémon's care and support thus proving her growth as a Trainer.
After the competition, Zoey told Dawn that Candice was throwing a victory party for her in Snowpoint City and that Dawn was also welcome; however, Dawn declined the invitation, stating that she still wants to support Ash in his upcoming battle at Sunyshore Gym and in the Lily of the Valley Conference. She then thanked all the Pokémon that had traveled with her through Sinnoh for their hard work and pledged to not give up her dream of being a Top Coordinator.
After staying for Ash's Gym battle and the Sinnoh League, she contemplates whether or not to go with Ash and Brock back to Kanto. However after receiving an invitation by Paris for her Buneary, she decides to stay in Sinnoh. She and Ash later share a final high-five as they did throughout the Diamond & Pearl series before Ash and Brock leave for Kanto.
After this, Dawn decided to spend some time at home before considering her next move and spent that time developing new Contest combinations. She also spent a lot of time working with Cyndaquil, and eventually decided to head for Hoenn next knowing that it was the region that Contests originated from and she was eager to hit the Contest trail again. However she was having trouble deciding which Pokémon to take with her and which to leave with Professor Rowan. Although she knew she would take Piplup, she couldn't decide on the others as she knew there was still a lot she could do with them. Eventually, after visiting Professor Rowan and having another incident with some Ariados (which caused Cyndaquil to evolve into Quilava), Dawn decided to take all her Pokémon to Hoenn with her. Dawn soon left on her new adventure with her dream of becoming a Top Coordinator burning as bright as ever.
In the Best Wishes series
In All for the Love of Meloetta!, it was revealed that Dawn had traveled to the Unova region and was staying in Cynthia's villa in Undella Town while the champion was visiting Virbank City. She would return with Ash who Dawn got to reunite with and was able to meet his new friends, Iris and Cilan. She also battled Cilan using her Piplup,while Cilan used his Pansage,however,the battle was interrupted.She became a good friend of Iris when they traveled to the Onix Island in Expedition to Onix Island! .
Before coming to Undella Town, Dawn had visited Nimbasa City where she watched a Pokémon Musical and one of Elesa's fashion shows. She also revealed that she would enter the Pokémon World Tournament Junior Cup. She would later make it to Round 2 before her Mamoswine being defeated by Iris's Dragonite,despite the fact that Dragonite still wasn't listening to Iris's orders.
Later, in Goodbye, Junior Cup - Hello Adventure!,she met Cameron,along with Ash,Iris and Cilan.When they arrived at Cynthia's villa in Undella Town, she announced her intention to head to Johto to compete in the Wallace Cup being held there. After semi-battling Ash,using her Quilava against Ash's Pikachu, and saying their farewells, she and Piplup boarded the flight to Blackthorn City.
Dawn is notable for her confidence, since she is always looking towards the future rather than dwelling on her mistakes, although she has learned that this is not always enough. In the Japanese version, her catchphrase is, "Daijōbu!" Although not consistently translated in the English dub at first, she began to regularly use "No need to worry!". In stark contrast to May's inexperience and self-doubt at the start of the Advanced Generation series, Dawn was overly confident and assured in her own strength in the beginning. She is also emotional and often cried in the beginning of her journey. At the start, Dawn wasn't much good at finding how her Pokémon's health was though as she moved on on her journey, she became better at this. She is very devoted to her goal as she trains her pokemon regularly to win for her upcoming contest. But after her two losing streak in the appealing round, she lost her confidence and became unusually nervous to even holding her pokeball and combing her hair during the Wallace Cup. However, she has overcame this after defeating May and regain her confidence and focus.
Over the course of her journey in Sinnoh, Dawn was able to come up with various combinations to show up her Pokémon's looks and strength. This began with something as simple as making her Piplup's beak grow longer, when using Peck, a combination she used even until the end of the Grand Festival. She later followed with simple spinning, a technique her Piplup and Buneary practiced for a while in Oreburgh City. The way it was used was adapted by Ash in his first Gym battle in Sinnoh.
Later on, Dawn began with more complex combinations, such as Flame Ice and Ice Chandelier, moves that were both powerful and beautiful. After a lot of practice, Dawn's Pokémon were able to master these combinations in battle. Coincidentally, both of these were used to defeat Ursula.
Dawn is very different than Ash's other friends. Dawn has more concern about her appearance, as she will not show herself to Ash or Brock until she feels that her appearance is perfect. That may be a reason why she decides to sleep inside a tent while the others sleep outside. However, she has recently been seen sleeping outside with the others, such as in Tears for Fears!. She keeps up to date with fashion and popular trends such as the Pokétch. Every time she's going to be on camera, she needs to take a moment to brush her hair before going on, such as in Last Call, First Round!.
In The Bells Are Singing!, Dawn revealed that she was the one to design Buneary's vest (but also admitted that her mother was the one to sew it). In Arriving in Style!, she demonstrated her talent for designing again, sketching many different dresses for the Hearthome Collection, though she rejected all of them.
Since obtaining her first Pokémon, the Pokémon that Dawn acquired tends to be cute and small like her starter, Piplup.
Because of her lack of experience, she may have some rough spots on how to deal with her Pokémon properly, as seen when she bickers with Piplup sometimes. This lack of experience also reflects with her Pachirisu and Mamoswine. Pachirisu occasionally hits unwanted targets with its Discharge while Mamoswine may easily be angered and disobey Dawn in the process. Despite all these issues she faces some times, Dawn still deeply cares for all her Pokémon, especially her starter, Piplup.
As a Coordinator who is willing to win the Grand Festival, Dawn has trained her Pokémon in the art of Appeals, as well as battles. She is able to fully utilize her Pokémon's capabilities. A commonly-seen example would be her Buneary's capability to use Ice Beam, which was used in various ways in the Contests Dawn participated in. She was also able to use her Togekiss in the finals of the Grand Festival to help her almost defeat Zoey, despite the lack of experience with it when compared to her other Pokémon, most especially Piplup, who was also used in the finals.
This listing is of Dawn's Pokémon as of her most recent appearance.
On hand
This section is for the Pokémon that Dawn has in her current party.
Piplup ♂
Buneary ♀
Swinub → Piloswine → Mamoswine
Egg → Cyndaquil → Quilava
Togekiss ♀
In training
This section is for Pokémon that Dawn still owns but were given to another Trainer to take care of.
Aipom → Ambipom ♀
Traded away
This section is for Pokémon that Dawn traded away.
Buizel ♂
This section is for Pokémon that Dawn temporarily used. Most of them are rental and belong to another Trainer.
When Dawn rescued Pikachu from Team Rocket, after trying to capture him thinking he was a wild Pokémon, she looked after Pikachu until returning to Ash in the next episode.
|Two Degrees of Separation
|Voice actors
|Ikue Ohtani
|Ikue Ohtani
After the group got separated by Graveler and Golem using Rollout, Croagunk ended up going with Dawn while they were stuck in a maze looking for Ash and Brock. When the group found each other on two sides of a maze wall, Croagunk, along with the other Pokémon, were commanded to break a hole on one side of the wall.
|A Maze-ing Race!
|Voice actors
|Katsuyuki Konishi
|Bill Rogers
| Dawn trained this Grimer during the first day of the summer school academy. It was used in a battle against a Venonat trained by Conway. During the battle, it used a Counter Shield that Dawn had taught it.
Grimer's known moves are Poison Gas, Mud-Slap*, Sludge and Gunk Shot*.
|Camping It Up!
| Dawn used Dodrio in the first leg of the triathlon.
None of Dodrio's moves are known.
|One Team, Two Team, Red Team, Blue Team!
| Dawn used Sharpedo in the second leg of the triathlon.
None of Sharpedo's moves are known.
|One Team, Two Team, Red Team, Blue Team!
Ribbons obtained
Sinnoh Ribbons
- Floaroma Ribbon (Settling a Not-So-Old Score!)
- Aqua Ribbon (Strategy with a Smile!)
- Celestic Ribbon (Battling The Generation Gap!)
- Chocovine Ribbon (Another One Gabites the Dust!)
- Daybreak Ribbon (Playing the Performance Encore!)
Grand Festival ranking
- Sinnoh Grand Festival - runner-up (A Grand Fight for Winning!)
Other achievements
- Unofficial Contest - runner-up (Borrowing on Bad Faith!)
- Hearthome City Tag Battle Competition - runner-up (with Conway) (Smells Like Team Spirit!)
- Hearthome Collection - winner (Arriving in Style!)
- Pokémon Ping Pong Tournament - top 4 (To Thine Own Pokémon Be True!)
- Twinleaf Festival Battle Tournament - N/A (Challenging a Towering Figure!)
- Pokémon World Tournament Junior Cup - top 8 (Battling Authority Once Again!)
Voice actors
In the manga
In the Pocket Monsters Diamond & Pearl manga
Dawn and her Piplup appear as main characters alongside Ash and Pikachu in the manga series Pocket Monsters Diamond & Pearl, an adaptation of the anime set in the timeline of the Diamond & Pearl series.
Piplup ♂
Buneary ♀
Aipom → Ambipom ♀
Traded away
Buizel ♂
In movie manga adaptations
Dawn appears in the manga adaptations of The Rise of Darkrai, Giratina and the Sky Warrior, Arceus and the Jewel of Life, and Zoroark: Master of Illusions. Her team is the same in these manga adaptations.
In the TCG
This listing is of cards mentioning or featuring Dawn or her Pokémon in the Pokémon Trading Card Game.
| Dawn's Pokémon
Cards listed with a blue background are only legal to use in the current Expanded format.
Cards listed with a silver background are legal to use in both the current Standard and Expanded formats.
| English
| Japanese
|Movie Commemoration Random Pack
|Movie Commemoration Random Pack
- On the Pokémon Learning League website, her clothing has been altered so that her white undershirt has sleeves and she is wearing black stockings or tights.
- Dawn's Japanese name is Hikari, and her rival's is Nozomi. The Hikari and the Nozomi are two Shinkansen "bullet train" lines. The Nozomi is faster than the Hikari, possibly symbolizing that Zoey is farther along in her coordinating skills than Dawn. It should also be noted that they go in opposite directions.
- All of Dawn's Normal-type Pokémon are female.
- When Dawn temporarily returned to the show in the Best Wishes series, she returned for nine episodes. This was longer than both Misty and May, who only returned to the show for five episodes each; Misty's return was on two different occasions for a total of five.
- Dawn is also the only one between them not to use a new outfit during her return.
- Dawn is Ash's only traveling companion to have met all three of his main rivals, having met Gary and Paul during her original run and having met Trip during her return.
- Dawn is the only Pokémon Coordinator in the anime to compete for the same Contest Ribbon twice.
| ヒカリ
|From 光/ひかり hikari, light or shine.
|May be a reference to Hikari; dawn is the day's first light.
|From aurore, dawn.
|From Latin lux, light.
|From luce, light.
|Maya can be a reference to the Maya civilization, who worshiped sun.
|나빛나 Na Bit-Na
|When read as a sentence, it means I shine.
|Chinese (Mandarin)
|小光 Xiǎo Guāng
|From 光 hikari, light. Can be taken as "young light".
|Chinese (Cantonese)
| 小光* Síu Gwōng
光子* Gwōngjí
|From 光 hikari.
| ฮิคาริ
|Same as her Japanese name.
Related articles
On Bulbagarden forums
|Dawn's Pokémon
|On hand:
|In training:
|Traded away:
|Top Coordinators
|This article is part of Project Anime, a Bulbapedia project that covers all aspects of the Pokémon anime.


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Glomerulonephritis, also called nephritis, is a disease of the kidneys in which the glomeruli, the tiny filters in the kidneys that help to clean the blood, become inflamed or damaged. This allows protein and red blood cells that normally circulate in the bloodstream to pass into the urine. If glomerulonephritis does not respond to treatment, the glomeruli may slowly be destroyed. The kidneys will then lose their ability to clean your blood and this will lead to kidney failure.
Glomerulonephritis has many different causes. In the majority of cases, the cause is unknown. However, the number of known causes has increased in recent years. It has been recognized for some time that certain infections, drugs, and - in rare cases - even cancer can lead to GN. More recently, it has been discovered that many different abnormalities in the genes of the body can also lead to the development of glomerulonephritis.
However, GN is not commonly inherited (passed on genetically from parent to child). The majority of cases of glomerulonephritis are sporadic; this means the disease arises spontaneously.
There is some evidence that GN may be caused or made worse by a problem in the body's immune system. This system protects the body against invasion by foreign materials such as viruses and bacteria. However, if the immune system is not working properly, it may damage the kidneys. The immune system may mistakenly attack the kidneys' filters (glomeruli) and cause them to become inflamed.
There are many types of glomerulonephritis. These may be grouped as primary and secondary. In primary GN, only the kidneys are affected. In secondary GN, the kidneys are damaged as part of a more generalized disease that can affect other parts of the body.
The exact diagnosis can be made by a test called a kidney biopsy. This is a medical procedure in which a very tiny tissue sample from one kidney is removed using a special needle. This tissue sample is examined to determine the pattern of kidney damage, and to give more information about the type of GN. A kidney biopsy is not required for every patient. Your kidney specialist will carry out certain tests so the right decision is made in regards to whether one is needed in your case.
The presence of glomerulonephritis is difficult to detect. In the early stages, you may have no symptoms of the disease. A test to measure the protein and red blood cells in your urine will confirm whether or not you have GN.
As the disease progresses, the following warning signs may appear:
In mild cases, your kidneys may recover on their own. Even if the disease is more advanced, it may be slowed by lowering your blood pressure with medication and by making changes to your diet. Your kidney specialist may recommend other specific treatments as well. In rare cases, you may need temporary dialysis treatments (to clean your blood) until your kidneys recover or respond to treatment.
However, in some cases when the damage is progressive and severe, the kidneys become unable to perform their usual functions adequately, and eventually you may need regular dialysis treatments or a kidney transplant.
You should visit your doctor regularly and have your urine tested for blood and protein. A simple test can be performed using a strip of paper dipped into the urine and analyzed right away. If a kidney problem is found, follow your doctor's advice. This will include taking any necessary medication for the treatment of GN, as well as for high blood pressure.
You should also check with your doctor before taking any over-the-counter medications. This is important because some of these, such as pain relief medications, may be harmful to your kidneys especially if they are already damaged.
With acknowledgement to Dr. Daniel Cattran, FRCPC, FACP, senior staff nephrologist at Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network in Ontario, for his assistance in reviewing this information.
© 2004
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So it turns out Barry Bonds is actually "close friends" with A.C. Slater, who got him to agree to do a reality show in which we get to see baseball's all-time asterisk king confronted by an angry fan who despises him, after which Bonds will have to try to convince the poor jagoff he's not such a prick after all.
The producers of "H8R" say there's no guarantee the angry fan will be persuaded by Bonds' soothing overtures of reassurance. But Bonds was apparently eager to do the show, and he "started coming up with ideas right away," according to its creator, Lisa Gregorisch-Dempsey, per the New York Post.
The show, which also includes separate segments in which people spew venom at Ron Artest, Charles Barkley, Terrell Owens and The Miz, is being billed as one that gives "pampered athletes, overexposed TV stars and other newsmakers a chance to tell their own stories."
Sadly, it's too late to have cameras capture Bonds' reaction to being berated by a fan when he was allegedly 'roid raging; that would have been must-see TV, no? But now, considering next year will be the fifth since Bonds last played, we can't imagine how his segment might possibly turn out.


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The famous hotel located in the business area and the border between Mae Sai.
Welcome to Wang Thong Hotel, Mae Sai, Chiang Rai. The famous hotel located in the business area and the border between Mae Sai and Tachilek, Burma, where's sell the various types of gems, Cheap electronics from China etc.
Wang Thong Hotel is approximately 62 kilometers from Chiang Rai and known as the largest hotel that located in the northern of Thailand as well.
Wang Thong Hotel still retains its natural charm and old culture amongst mist-shrouded mountain scenery and fertile valleys. It is the land of Thai art and handicrafts, where warm hospitality and good manners are guaranteed.
|8 floors with 149 comfortable appointed rooms featuring
Fan Room, Deluxe in Thai view and Myanmar View, Family room, Family Deluxe, Honeymoon Suite and Ruen Thai.
All rooms offer air-conditioning, hairdryer, shower and bathtub, TV with satellite channels, wireless internet etc.
Fan Room
Deluxe Room (Thai View) / Deluxe Myanmar View
Family Room (4 persons) / Family Deluxe (4 persons)
Honeymoon Suite
Ruen Thai
|Wang Yok Restaurant in Wangthong Hotel is accessible on 1st floor offering daily special menu,
live band music and karaoke with complimentary use of Internet access and more.
All are provided as a complimentary service.
Wangyok Restaurant offers all day dining, with various menu, served in casual and comfortable surroundings. From 5 Pm - Midnight, The live band music and karaoke is also available.
Breakfast from 7.00 - 10.00 AM.
|Jade Palace Restaurant
|Wangyok Restaurant
The meeting point of the hotel for guests and visitors. After a hectic day of sight-seeing and shopping,
Wangyok Restaurant offers all day dining, with various menu ,
served in casual and comfortable surroundings. From 5 Pm - Midnight, The live band music and karaoke is also available.
Breakfast from 07.00 - 10.00 AM.
Buffet Lunch and Dinner - Please booked in advance
To fulfill your happiness, we offer you the choices of-extensive
menu of Thai and international dishes from experienced chefs,
accompanied by sweet music and various entertainments designed to
delight the ideal place.
During the day, the swimming pool is the place for fun and recreation. After some exercises under tropical sunshine, long cool drinks and tasty snacks are available from pool-side service.
For those who prefer more tumultuous jollity, Wang Thong Pub and Disco gives the pleasure of the most sophisticated lighting and sound systems in the North.
As our hotel is aimed to satisfy the need of both leisure and business travelers, we are fully equipped to host conferences, seminars, and parties.
We provide a ballroom, accommodating up to 600 people and 3 small function rooms suitable for business meetings, seminar and social gatherings of all kinds.
|Swimming Pool


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Pencils were invented, so it is said, in 1565. When graphite was discovered in 1564, pencils were originally graphite sticks wrapped in string before they became hollowed-out wooden sticks with graphite inserted into them. The eraser was not added to the pencil until 1858. The automatic pencil was invented in 1863. Collectors today want advertising pencils or automatic pencils of unusual design. Boxes and sharpeners for pencils are also collected. Advertising pencils are listed in the Advertising category. Pencil boxes are listed in the Box category. Advertising pencils may be listed in Advertising.
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The Big Interview: Home Depot CEO Frank Blake
Innovation in battery technology, LED lighting and online selling will buoy the home improvement sector and Home Depot's future, CEO Frank Blake tells WSJ's Wendy Bounds. Plus, a look at tools changing the marketplace.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... I ... Sts ... the the ... it's like well I think they'll let it begs to be here ... you have ... a lot about innovation in the home improvement industry has despite five years the battered economy and housing market it's been like this ... is been almost like a renaissance in home improvement that the pursing a lot of talk about ... is sort of the Renaissance and the renovation of Home Depot under your tenure you set out those five years ago when ... you talk about that dark night of change it was afraid she'd heard on the then CEO Coke ... where oh where were you doing in the dark had a change ... and what what that means you where you now ... the law that was we had a market that way it is ... rapidly ... declining so the housing market was in crisis but the company we have a lot of things we have to do in terms of ... investing in our Associates of investing in our stores ... rebuilding our supply chain ... and no we mean a lot of progress over the last five years we always have room to get fatter were working on ... getting better ... when you think about that innovation when the company meet you talk a lot about this interconnected retail team and will get into that in a moment but I'd ... I wonder if you're not opening new stores anymore right so that the growth is gonna hafta come from web which is sales across less than two percent of business ... how is this going to work ... clothes so partly our growth will be driven by the general economy GDP so we were growing their business in two thousand eleven ... in two thousand and even as the housing market going ... so we can grow our business just ... sitting GDP growth ... that would put another couple points from housing as housing recovers ... and as we were talking their opportunities ... as ... our customers get more more use to ... researching online ... via online picking up product in store buying online in shipping product to store ... so we can really expose our customers who much broader array of products and we can still we carry ... thirty four thousand to forty thousand sq use in store ... we care six hundred thousand skews online so that's an interesting opportunity was talk about the app for for consumers and Home Depot I mean this is ... so the tricky thing for retailers is on the one hand ... by you wanted you wanna make it as friendly as possible for people to go and use the app ... to shop and find information by a price that you don't want them in their price comparing ... so how is your app going to work for you guys specifically at home Depot ... well ... first car at our consumer and ... has a lot of features that that are very helpful for our consumers probably the number one is finding product so you can speak and say you know where our mailboxes and it will tell you ... exactly the Island Bay for the mailboxes knows where you are as of the GPS re knows where you are the GPS and we've mapped every single store ... by product category and location so we can tell you exactly where mailboxes are in the store in which your stand ... I'd ... be on that I'd say we're also looking at our mobile web presence so when you download our app or not ... we need a better ... form ... factor on ... just searching through a smartphone that as as if you're on your PC ... and frankly in terms of comparing price in the store we expect people to do that we expect the price ... we also do things like I'm ... there which is one of our big pay providers ... I do we make their app available inside of our app which has an amazing functionalities to be able to take a paint color ... and look at how your wall with love with that paint color ... so they're just added our Apple very please with it both on the consumer side ... and we just rolled out a new app for Pro customers that we think is can make a lot like these here was a little bit about lighting ... new government regulations would cry ring that lightbulbs the least twenty five percent ... more efficient than these these old incandescent bulbs like ... the swarm was Madonna Silva gave me the ... get a nice new court L E D but ... these two new temperature ham that's when I got it and the Sunday that it due to an interesting perspective on where you think the lighting is going in the future that is going to be dramatically different tells about it so first off I think this is just one one of the a L E D lights is one of the most interesting technological innovations that happening it's been on hold over the next couple of decades ... people have put the size of the lighting market as around the same size as electronics and PC ... all and smartphones all of that role together ... those in the light ... and what's changing news know where this you know the incandescent ... you know it's it's obviously a big step up from burning oil and land but you still burning something in there is still getting that film an ... outlet pot ... this is a computer chip ... it's massively more efficient ... and it does interesting things in terms of what you can do it that so right now ... we take the technology we make it look like an incandescent bulb this that's what we're all comfortable with them that's what our stock of ... your sell the consumer uses to train them to the next hour as if it's right in in the car for ... battery technology in schools and were holding a ... as a driver and here you know it's got this lithium ion battery which is for Place nickel cadmium batteries where you see battery technology going and what you see are the true frozen it's so so it's another great revolution in battery technologies that this is you are saying we've moved from the book at him ... again some just like ... you to environmental issues ... lithium ion I'm lighter ... easier to use Ahold to charge longer you'd be using different temperature conditions ... and what we're seeing now which is a really interesting move is outdoor park with ... so you know ... here ... weed Wacker sheer fury even chainsaws allowing a chainsaw is no lower app now being now being run by a lithium ion battery because ... your weight is going down so it so it's actually very comparable for ... people to use that it has enormous efficiencies hiring look a some of these new tools to boost their self hand's by what you do not know but he wants fixture market in life like the G-8 rapid he said look I'm a plumber on fast as I fix a lot of things but I would say I am the person who fixes things and mangoes um I got the better call somebody who knows what they're doing it just made things for the Russell and never wet clay promise me anything can like go on this is Travis and I was ... yes ... not so this is been treated with a gun to the process they say this will bounce is that they will wells off and see how that ... will that ... for more time ... so I was talk like this you know on corn syrup Oliver has been ... the purpose of this when distorts the put ... that's not that so that's not about riding on the go still with the product introduction like that will have a separate ... often ... Howlett door ... and half of it ... just to display it and so the customers can see whats new and eventually it'll go listen to the Department of mental ... Synovus flashlight out as interested in this because this is this is in a flash light of the defined flashlight they say that it can ... you can drop it right from the day with anything it's waterproof ... this advice Landis the floor laughing ... I've ... got ... and in his buyout that's going to ... scouts is right in the water near the bed back on ... emerging water to ... their ego headed to the Editor I read ... last thing here were looking at is the only two of these are the debases Davis' that this ... this isn't nailed on the news is that lithium ion battery technology you're talking about ... here you would need an air compressor to make this work exactly so is there for the benefit of consumers is that this that everything go from here ... to this to the tothe screwdriver to believe whatever can attest so you've got the battery that can go a lot ... of forms and also it has so much like there right when you're using it wherever you are using it and ... from then ... he left to go before we Blossom call all that so if you that you are the first CEO we've ever had to our call on spending here pricey like you are the mantra is that ... 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Terms & Conditions - Returns Policy
You have the right to cancel your order within fourteen days of your purchase, or fourteen days of receipt of the goods (whichever is the longer). If you cancel your order you will have your payment returned upon return of the item. Unwanted items can be returned within fourteen days of receipt PROVIDED they are in their original condition and packaging. Any return postage costs for unwanted items will be the responsibility of the customer.
Any defective item(s) can be returned for a full refund (including delivery/return charges). You will need to return any faulty item to us within 90 days of receipt using our Royal Mail FREEPOST address, we pay for the return as this service is FREE to the customer. We reserve the right to test items to confirm that they are defective before issuing a refund and any item found not to be defective will not be refunded but can be returned to the customer at the customers expense.


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Michigan Research Libraries Triangle (MRLT) - Reciprocal Borrowing Privileges for Students
The Michigan Libraries Research Triangle (MRLT) is a cooperative venture among the three largest Michigan university libraries to develop mutually beneficial policies related to circulation, material preservation, purchase of books/journals/online resources, etc.
- Students at Wayne State University, Michigan State University, and the University of Michigan may borrow materials from either of the other universities by first inquiring at their home library.
- An individual must be a currently-enrolled student in good standing at the home library to be eligible for a library card from another MRLT library. The student must inquire at the Patron Services department of their home institution.
- Books must be returned directly to the institution from which they were borrowed.
- Books checked out from another library are subject to recall (and possible recall overdue fines) if requested by another borrower.
- Library cards issued at Wayne State University and the University of Michigan will be good for one year.
- Failure to follow the guest borrowing policies and procedures may result in termination of privileges.
- Registration procedures for guest borrowing privileges at UM are handled only at the Harlan Hatcher Graduate Library, Circulation Services, 104 Hatcher North. Privileges at MSU will be granted only at the Main Library Patron Services Desk.
Libraries participating in the program include:
- MSU - All Libraries, (517) 355-2333
- UM-Ann Arbor - All Libraries within the University Library system, (734) 764-0400
- WSU - All Libraries, (313) 577-4480
- UM-Dearborn - (313) 593-5559
- UM-Flint - (810) 762-3405
Libraries NOT participating in the program include:
UM-Ann Arbor independent campus libraries:
- Bentley Historical Library
- Clements Library
- Gerald Ford Library
- Kresge Business Administration Library
- Law Library


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Use our advanced statewide Maine MLS Listings Search tool to find potential properties you're interested in. Easily add potential properties to your favorites by clicking on the Add MLS Listing to Portfolio button, or easily save and print your favorite Maine MLS Listings by clicking the PDF button. We've made great strides to provide you the best real estate search experience. Please contact us if you have any questions.
No listing found.


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Miriam Baker
Miriam is a sex therapist and sex educator. She is the founder of PST Medical Services, The Practice for Sex Therapy. In addition, she is a staff associate at New York Presbyterian Hospital's Weill Cornell Medical Center. Miriam was an associate in the practice of the late Helen Singer Kaplan, M.D., noted pioneer in the field of sex therapy. Miriam has appeared on CNN, CBS and CNBC and is also a frequent guest lecturer at symposiums, conferences and schools. Miriam holds degrees in Social Work and Public Health from Hunter College School of Health Sciences and did her doctoral work in family studies/anthropology at Columbia University.
For many people Bedtime is "code" for are we going to have sex or not? No choice we humans make around sex is by accident. Bedtime is Sextime for sure; how is it going in your life? Every moment of Bedtime is steeped in ritual and deliberate behavior. Humans like animals tend to mate in cozy places, ritualistically. At bedtime, what are the steps in your mating dance?
As a sex therapist with 25 years of experience, I am consistently impressed by how we use Bedtime to negotiate our sexual life. The many elements of sensuality and sexuality come together in the environment that we create for our bedtime life.
Tell me what you think about at Bedtime? Tell me your sexual dreams. Do they match your awake life?
Together we can figure it out. Why lose sleep over it?
I look forward to hearing everything.
Miriam's Bedtime Profile
Bedtime Bling
A Spooning Arm
Nightly Nosh
Mint Tea
Bedtime Book
The Ring Boxing magazine, Scientific American Mind
Sleep Secret
Warm shower followed by warm body lotion
Sleep Suit
A Perfect scent
Crash Pad
Diaphanous cotton sheets
Lights Out
Never, really...


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BOSTON, Mass.—Junior pitcher Michelle Zullo (Everett, Mass.) propelled UMass Boston softball (5-10) to a doubleheader split with Suffolk University (5-13) Wednesday afternoon to help head coach Natalia Ardagna reach 100 career victories at the helm of the Beacons.
The Beacons' seventh-year head coach improved to 100-140 at UMass Boston with the win, as she has helped build the Beacons into a contender in the Little East Conference. After inheriting a team that had failed to win more than 12 games in its 25-year existence, the program's winningest coach has led the program to four-straight 15+ win season, the first two winning seasons in program history and three consecutive Little East Conference Tournament appearances.
Zullo ensured it would be a historic day for her coach and the program by almost making some history of her own. The junior right-hander no-hit the Rams through five innings and was one out away from setting a new program-record with her seventh-career shutout.
Game One: Suffolk University 2, UMass Boston 1
Sarah Chasse outdueled Beacons sophomore Emily Gray (New Bedford, Mass.) in game one in a classic pitcher's duel.
Chasse allowed five hits and one earned run over seven innings to improve to 2-8. The junior lead-off hitter walked four and struck out one, to help her team snap a four-game losing streak.
Gray was nearly as good; allowing seven hits, one walk and two runs, one earned, over seven frames.
Senior All-Conference catcher Erin McAndrews was the difference maker at the plate for the Rams, as she finished 2-4 with the lone RBI of the contest.
Suffolk grabbed a 1-0 lead in the top of the third thanks to three Beacons errors. Nicole Rosa led off with a single, advanced to second on a sacrifice bunt and took third on a Beacons throwing error. With one out and runners on the corners, the Beacons catcher threw the ball into left field on an attempted pick-off, to let Rosa scamper home with the first run of the game.
The Beacons answered in the bottom of the fourth inning on another odd sequence. UMass Boston loaded the bases with one out thanks to a walk, a Gia Raczkowski (Stoneham, Mass.) single and another walk. Erika Vecchiet (Pequannock, N.J.) came home to score two pitches later on a wild pitch. The Beacons couldn't add another run though, as they ran into the first of two double plays on the base paths, after pinch-hitter Jillian Shepherd (Norwood, Mass.) earned a walk.
Suffolk went ahead in the top of the seventh thanks to a two-out clutch hit from their senior captain. After Gray retired the first two batters of the inning, Kristen Young worked a walk and came home all the way from first base on an RBI single from McAndrews into right-center field.
Haley Dutton (Milton, Mass.) singled to give the Beacons life in the bottom of the seventh, but Chasse retired the next two batters with a fielder's choice groundout and a pop-up.
Game Two: UMass Boston 3, Suffolk University 1
After going 0-2 in their first two tries at getting Ardagna win number 100, the Beacons came through with one of their best performances at home this season.
Zullo scattered six softly hit singles and two walks over seven innings, while allowing one unearned run. She also added a season-high five strikeouts to improve to 3-4 on the year.
At the dish, Kristina Bove (Medford, Mass.) belted the first two extra-base hits of her junior season, with a pair of doubles, a run scored and an RBI. Freshman Kaitlyn Morse (Arlington, Mass.) added a single and a run scored, while Vecchiet and Gray each picked up a single RBI.
McAndrews accounted for the Rams lone RBI in game two, while freshman pitcher Kim Crucioli gave up three earned runs over 2.2 innings before being pulled. Freshman right-hander Paige Stanley did a terrific job in relief, allowing just one walk and no hits over 3.1 innings pitched.
Zullo was in command from the opening pitch in Wednesday's second game, as she faced the minimum through the first three innings and allowed just two walks through four. After cruising through the first four innings, Zullo came up huge in the final three frames, stranding two runners in the fifth and the bases loaded in the sixth and seventh innings.
The Beacons provided all the run support she would need in the third inning when they struck for five straight hits and all three runs against Cruciolo.
Lyndsey Capra (Lowell, Mass.) started the rally with a one out single and moved to second on Morse' slap-single to put two runners on. Three pitchers later, Bove gave the Beacons their first lead in 17 innings, as she slammed a double down the right-field line to plate Capra. Vecchiet made it 2-0 as she crushed the next pitch just over Crucioli's head to knock in Morse. After the Beacons loaded up the bases with one out, Gray pushed the lead to 3-0 by hitting a deep sacrifice fly to plate Bove.
UMass Boston shut down Suffolk from their, as the Rams didn't pick up their first hit until Chasse laid down a bunt single to lead off the sixth. The Rams collected two more singles in the inning, but Zullo shut the door with her fourth strikeout of the game to keep it 3-0.
Suffolk loaded the bases once again in the seventh, with McAndrews making it 3-1 on an infield single to the shortstop. With the tying run on second base, Zullo got Anna Grace Maggs swinging to end the game.
UMass Boston will be back in action Saturday at 1 p.m. as they travel to UMass Dartmouth for a crucial Little East Conference doubleheader.


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Africa 19th Century (Raster Image)
- Author(s):
- Gräf, A. (Adolf), active 1855-1878 and Stanford Geospatial Center
- Description:
- This layer is a georeferenced raster image of an historic continental map of Africa created by Adolf Gräf, and published by the Georgraphisches Institut in the 19th century. Due to the discoveries noted on the map, it was probably published between 1867-1881. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map was georeferenced by the Stanford University Geospatial Center using a Sinusoidal projection. This map is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Africa from the Oscar I. Norwich Collection at Stanford University.This historic paper map provides an historical perspective of the cultural and physical landscape during this time period. The wide range of information provided on these maps make them useful in the study of historic geography. As this map has been georeferenced, it also can be used as a background layer in conjunction with other GIS data.
- Publisher:
- Stanford Digital Repository
- Place(s):
- Africa
- Subject(s):
- Discoveries in geography, Historical geography, Landforms, Bodies of water, Maps, and Imagery and Base Maps
- Year:
- 1867-1881
- Held by:
- Stanford
- More details at
- http://purl.stanford.edu/cj719gj6639
|Click on map to inspect values


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- McLaren news
McLaren's MP4-28 is unveiled
- News:
McLaren expects 'good step forward' at second test
- News:
McLaren confident it can iron out errors with MP4-28
- News:
Perez will improve at McLaren - Button
- News:
MP4-28 'the best we've ever made' - Button
- Teams:
- McLaren
McLaren has launched the MP4-28 at its McLaren Technology Centre headquarters in Woking.
The new car is visually similar to last year's MP4-27 and retains the same high nose without a step, but Jenson Button commented that "under the skin this is so, so different." Also noticeable on the car was a pull-rod front suspension similar to the system employed by Ferrari last season.
The car will be driven by Button and Sergio Perez this season, with Button arriving in a development-model McLaren P1 supercar and Perez in one of the MP4-12C cars. Their arrival followed a procession of classic McLaren's including the championship-winning MP4/4, MP4/13 and MP4/24.
Ferrari launches its new car - the F138 - tomorrow while Red Bull unveils the RB9 on Sunday.
Technical director Paddy Lowe was conspicuous by his absence at the launch, but team principal Martin Whitmarsh said his absence was self-enforced amid rumours linking him with a move to Mercedes.


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Microsoft Ending Support for Older Products
In the coming months Microsoft will be ending supportincluding security updatesfor a number of important products. If you've avoided updating so far, you might want to get moving.
The first event will be April 13, 2010 (like all end-of-support days, a "Patch Tuesday"), when support will end for 2 important configurations: Windows Vista with no service packs (a.k.a. Vista RTM and Vista SP0), and Windows XP SP2. If you are running these versions after that April 13 you will no longer receive updates or support. In each case, the answer is obvious: Apply the latest service pack (SP2 for Vista, SP3 for XP). Better yet, if you're running XP, go get a new PC running a secure operating system, such as Windows 7.
On July 13, 2010, Windows 2000 in all service packs will reach the end of it's "Extended Support Phase," meaning no updates anymore. It's not in any of the announcements, but I presume that this implies the end of all support for Internet Explorer 5, currently only supported on Windows 2000.
On the same July date, all editions of Windows Server 2003 will be moving from the Mainstream Support phase to the Extended Support phase. This won't matter to many, perhaps most users, but it signals the end of "no charge" support and Microsoft will no longer be providing new non-security hotfixes. So you'll need to open a paid support case in order to get support from Microsoft.
Looking to get out of Win2K Town before the bell rings? Check out the Windows 2000 End-of-Support Solution Center.
Originally posted to the PCMag.com security blog, Security Watch.


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Matt Stroud
Matt Stroud is a freelance journalist who often writes about the business of policing and incarceration.
Partnering with criminologists from George Mason University, a team led by Sacramento Police Sergeant Renée Mitchell identified 42 "hotspots"—street corners that attracted the highest percentages of violent crime in California's second most violent city.
As part of a 90-day study conducted between February and May this year, Mitchell and her team assigned officers to visit a randomized rotation of three or four of these hotspots for 12 to 16 minutes apiece during shifts. That meant police would inhabit Sacramento's most dangerous corners about every two hours. The officers were told to be "highly visible" during these visits—to step outside patrol cars, to talk with people.
This was a change for Sacramento police. It focused on places to target rather than specific crimes, and relied on data rather than police instinct. The results, Mitchell says, were striking.
"Part I" crimes—which include violent offenses such as murder, rape and robbery, as well as property crimes such as burglary and vehicle theft—decreased by 25 percent in these hotspots. Calls for service decreased by nearly 8 percent. And these successes cost the city only $75,000, Mitchell says, less than one percent of the Sacramento Police Department's $116 million annual budget this year.
"We've known for a long time that we were going to have to find ways to police more efficiently," she says. "Now we know we can do that without a spike in crime."
Policing layoffs and corresponding public safety concerns are seemingly everywhere. Sacramento took a hit in June when this year's budget funded 167 fewer police jobs than it did last year. Meanwhile, Oakland—California's most violent city – has eliminated 178 police jobs since 2008. And on the East Coast, Camden, New Jersey, the most prominent U.S. example of a high-crime city forced into major police cuts recently, eliminated half its force in January. Miami, Chicago, Cleveland, and even Toronto lately have similar concerns.
Is it possible to maintain—or decrease—crime rates as police budgets shrink?
A new report from the National Institute of Justice, "Strategic Cutback Management: Law Enforcement Leadership for Lean Times," offers a wide range of suggestions if cities want to answer "yes" to that question. Disband specialized police units, it advises. Encourage early retirement. Have police spend less time in idling patrol cars to save on gas. Spread budget cuts equally across departments. Move away from paper. And focus efforts: the study suggests police chiefs should ask themselves, "What are we doing?" "How do we do it?" "Why are we doing it that way?" And, "How could we do it differently if we were building the process from scratch today?"
Jerry Ratcliffe, a former London police officer who's conducted at least one hotspot study in Philadelphia similar to Mitchell's and serves as chair of Temple University's criminal justice department, says police need to be smarter about how they patrol.
"Data- and location-based policing is now essential," Ratcliffe says. "And police are going to have to be much clearer about proving their worth."
Politicians, voters and police need to confront hard truths about what police do well, Ratcliffe says, and they need to outsource or slash the excesses.
"We think about police in terms of crime but really they've become a social service," he says. "Either police will continue to do all the things they've evolved to do—such as overseeing sex offender and gun registries, for example, while also criminalizing drug use—and they're going to do them badly or they can concentrate on a few key tasks they can do very well, such as preventing and responding to violent crime."
Along those lines, Chuck Wexler, director of the Police Executive Research Forum in Washington, D.C., says consolidating police departments might also be a big part of focusing operations.
He cites Camden as an example of this. Camden has received federal aid to rehire some police officers, but there's been a recent, albeit controversial, push to merge City of Camden police with Camden County police.
He thinks this could serve as a nationwide model.
"Hotspots show that crime is centered in cities," he says. "So many regional and suburban police departments are going to feel pressure to merge with cities in the next three to five years."
Is that going to be an easy political sell? Of course not.
"But it represents the new normal," he says. "Things are going to change. Police are going to have to ask themselves, 'How do we deliver services at reduced costs?'"
That's a profoundly complicated question, says Sergeant Renée Mitchell. It forces police officers to worry about their jobs, it forces their bosses to change the way they think about patrolling streets and it forces politicians and voters to understand that a cop on every corner isn't realistic and huge numbers of arrests aren't always ideal.
"Arrests are glamorous," she says. "People want to see that guns and drugs are being taken off the streets. But that's reactive. We should be working to prevent. Our job is to reduce the opportunity for crime, not necessarily to patrol every street corner and make high-profile arrests. Sooner or later we're going to have to face that."
In cities like New York, Paris, Rotterdam, and soon San Francisco, car-free streets are emerging amid a growing movement.
Cultural cachet, licensing deals, and density explain why Toys 'R' Us, Tower Records, Barneys, and other faded U.S. retailers remain big across the Pacific.
Safety advocates have long complained that media outlets tend to blame pedestrians and cyclists who are hit by cars. Research suggests they're right.
It's never been easy to design a map of the city's underground transit network. But soon, critics say, legibility concerns will demand a new look.
Two new studies have revived the long-running debate over how police respond to white criminal suspects versus African Americans.


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I am a new client.Stéphane Plaza Immobilier Caen Nord clients have access to full details and photos of properties, can create a wish list, and set up an alert email for future houses. Clients can arrange a talk with Stéphane Plaza Immobilier Caen Nord at their convenience.
I am an existing client.
The fields marked with (*) are indispensable to allow the creation of your account. Only persons responsible for development within the agency, and if you have consented, Society Stéphane Plaza in France is addressed, however this information may be accessible exclusively for technical reasons, providers of the site providing their treatment and accommodation. According to regulations, you have the right to object, if any, for legitimate reasons, to the processing of information and the right to access, rectify and delete information about you that you can exercise at any time by contacting: Stéphane Plaza France, 100 rue Martre, 92110 Clichy, or by email to: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Depression and anxiety disorders are common and the symptoms can be debilitating. There are treatment options that may help you cope with these disorders and get your life back on track. Most treatment plans include a combination of medication and therapy. Therapy may include a variety of approaches. Each type of therapy may have its own focus such as skill training, behavioral modification, or use unique tools to encourage you. Music therapy has been used for many different health conditions and has been shown to provide motivation, communication pathways and emotional support.
Researchers from Norway examined whether music therapy, when added to standard care, decreased symptoms of depression or anxiety in depressed patients. The study, published in British Journal of Psychiatry, found that music therapy did reduce depressive symptoms in adults.
About the Study
The randomized trial included 79 adults who had been diagnosed with depression. The patients were split into two groups. The first group received standard care plus music therapy and the second group had only standard care. Standard care included short-term psychotherapy sessions led by a nurse specialist, medications, and psychiatric counseling when needed. Music therapy sessions occurred twice per week for 10 weeks.
At three months after treatment, people participating in music therapy had greater improvements in depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and general functioning. By six months there were no significant difference between the groups.
How Does This Affect You?
Randomized trials are considered one of the most reliable study designs. This trial was small and only followed patients through six months which limits its reliability. However, a previous systematic review found similar benefits with music therapy, namely decreased depressive symptoms and improved daily function. The more studies that have the same results the more likely the results are true. This one trial also suggested that music therapy was most beneficial in early treatment. More trials comparing different types of therapy may help clarify the timing of benefits from music therapy.
Therapy for depression varies from person to person but is often a combination of therapies. If you are struggling with depressive symptoms talk to your doctor or therapist. Changes to you current plan or the addition of an alternative therapy like music therapy may help you reach your goals.
- Reviewer: Brian P. Randall, MD
- Review Date: 02/2012 -


text: The Walters State Community College Foundation is an institutionally related, independently chartered, separate legal entity operated as a tax-exempt corporation chartered within the state of Tennessee. It is a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) foundation created to promote and support the literary, scientific, educational scholarship, research, charitable and developmental purposes and objectives of Walters State Community College. The foundation is the official fund-raising arm of the college and is governed by a board of trustees.


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Chanel is big in Japan – and they know it. On March 21-23 Chanel will host three events: a presentation of the winter couture show, the opening a pop-up shop, and opening an exhibition devoted to Chanel's iconic tweed jackets to showing images from Karl Lagefeld's book "The Little Black Jacket," and styled by Carine Roitfeld. WWD
The Manhattan Vintage show is February 3 & 4 in NYC – get your tickets to buy some great vintage Chanel. Manhattan Vintage
More for the new sport collection from Chanel including a Cane and Tennis Racket Set. Hypebeast
Chanel introduces the Premiere Flying Tourbillon – commence drooling now. Rare Delights
The Coveteur visits Massaro – the atelier responsible for making Chanel shoes and creating the iconic two-tone pump. The Coveteur
I want this for my car. Twitter
Meet Karl Lagerfeld's kitten Choupette…Stylite


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It's natural for us to concentrate on the big things in our lives. Births, weddings, funerals and family crises are among those major events around which our daily lives are built. They give us the framework that sets the course of our life journey.
Despite the importance of these big events, it's the little things that truly define us. We may share a big event with others, but we don't all take away the same memories or lessons. That's because we each interpret the event through our own unique skills and experiences.
Think about your own relatives and your view of them. You know them, not wholly by viewing them through the prism of big events, but by the little things. Their habits. Their likes and dislikes, their view of life itself. The way they look and dress. The way they part their hair. The books they read or the movies or television programs they like. The way they interact with others.
The more you observe first-hand about a person, the better chance you have of actually knowing that person. Obviously, that's easier to do with a living person you see at least occasionally. It's more difficult when the information is filtered through others or comes primarily from old photographs, newspaper clippings and diaries.
Even in the latter cases, though, it's worth the effort to look beyond the big things for whatever clues you can find that help you learn more about those relatives in your family tree.
Writing prompt of the day: Describe how your family spent Saturday mornings when you were a young child.
Larry Lehmer is a personal historian who helps people preserve their family histories. To learn more, visit his web site, send him an e-mail or follow him on Twitter.
Photo: Linda Lehmer at Berkeley, Calif., coffee shop. (L.W. Lehmer collection)


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Classical News
12/5 SF Opera Reveals New Music Director
12/1 Conductor Mariss Jansons Dies at 76; Led Top Orchestras
11/25 Peter Gelb's Contract Is Extended at the Metropolitan Opera
11/22 Sir Stephen Cleobury (1948-2019)
11/14 Flooding damages St Mark's Basilica in Venice
11/13 Oboe player, beloved band member dies after falling down flight of stairs at UM's Gusman
11/11 Whistle while you work
10/22 Raymond Leppard, Versatile Maestro Who Led Baroque Revival, Dies at 92
10/06 Marcello Giordani, Tenor Who 'Sang Like a God,' Dies at 56
10/03 Homeless LA opera singer 'offered record deal' after Puccini video goes viral
09/30 Jessye Norman, acclaimed operatic soprano, dies at 74
09/22 Christopher Rouse, expressionistic composer who won Pulitzer Prize, dies at 70
09/20 Anne-Sophie Mutter interview: 'we have the problem of a record industry that is firing up one musician after the other, because the market wants new faces'
09/13 Sir Andrew Davis hands Lyric Opera of Chicago baton to Enrique Mazzola
08/01 Classical music needs more supporters. Tanglewood's new buildings are there to create them.
07/25 Dutch Cellist Anner Bylsma Has Died At Age 85
07/16 National Philharmonic bows out abruptly
06/27 When Jaap Met Yannick: New Maestros in New York
06/16 How A Conductor Used Music To Reach His Son With Autism
06/06 Philadelphia Orchestra Receives $55 Million Gift
06/05 Michael Tilson Thomas to undergo heart surgery
05/31 Baltimore Symphony Orchestra Suddenly Cancels Summer Season
05/30 Jane Marshall, revered composer, dies at 94
05/23 What happens when shelter dogs listen to classical music
05/15 BBC Philharmonic launches new phone app for concert-goers
04/21 Soprano Heather Harper Dead At 88
04/17 Pianist Jorg Demus Dead At 90
04/16 After The Fire, What About Notre Dame's Organ?
04/11 Yannick Nézet-Séguin's "A Cat's Music Playlist"
04/05 Marilyn Mason, Globe-Trotting Organist and Teacher, Dies at 93
03/08 The conductor and composer Michael Gielen has died at 91
02/28 André Previn, charismatic conductor, composer and pianist, dies at 89
02/21 Dominick Argento, composer who was a modern master of opera, dies at 91
02/14 The 'von' trap: Austrian battle over three noble letters
01/31 Jean Guillou, Organ Maestro Who Broke Traditions, Dies at 88
01/26 5,000 Pages of Verdi's Drafts, Long Hidden, Will Be Made Public
01/25 'Magic baton' helps blind musicians feel conductor
01/20 To Save the Sound of a Stradivarius, a Whole City Must Keep Quiet
01/17 John Mueller, influential educator and organist, has died
01/09 English composer John Joubert dies aged 91
01/01 For One Violinist, Elevating Music By Black Composers Is A 20-Year Mission
12/23 Every Christmas Eve, a Lone Choir Boy Sings to More Than 370 Million
12/21 Opera Has a Problem: Fans Aren't Subscribing
12/18 Review: The Rarely Heard Christmas Music of a Baroque Master
12/14 Andrew Frierson, Pioneering Black Opera Singer, Dies at 94
12/12 Gustavo Dudamel's Favorite Part of 'Otello' is a Quiet Prayer
12/07 Best of classical music 2018: Amid the turbulence, moments to savor
12/05 Esa-Pekka Salonen named next Music Director of the San Francisco Symphony
12/03 Bard College Appoints Renowned Opera Singer Stephanie Blythe New Director of Graduate Vocal Arts Program
11/23 Wolfgang Zuckermann, Harpsichord Do-It-Yourselfer, Dies at 96
11/20 Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra Announces New Music Director
11/09 At 80, Joan Tower Says Great Music Comes 'in the Risks'
11/08 Music teacher leaves $4.7 million to her orchestra
11/05 3D-printed instruments showcased
10/28 Richard Gill, world-renowned conductor and music educator, dies age 76
10/18 Rustling Gum Wrapper Causes Brawl During Mahler 5
10/06 Montserrat Caballé, Revered Spanish Prima Donna, Dies at 85
09/27 $2.5m Mellon Foundation grant launches Boston classical music initiative
09/17 Eric Lu wins Leeds International Piano Competition
09/06 Italian Conductor Claudio Scimone has Passed Away
09/01 An All-but-Extinct Piano Plays Once More
08/24 George Walker, Trailblazing American Composer, Dies At 96
08/23 Ronald Arnatt, Composer, Organist, Teacher, Dead At 88
08/14 Iraq's National Symphony Orchestra play on despite unpaid wages
08/10 Cleveland Orchestra receives $9.3 million donation
07/26 Newly discovered viola impromptu by Shostakovich
07/20 Royal College Renames Program to Shift Antiquated Perceptions of Pianists
07/02 Vasily Petrenko: New Music Director of the RPO in 2021
06/16 The conductor Gennady Rozhdestvensky has died
06/05 Acoustic evolution of old Italian violins from Amati to Stradivari
06/04 Fabio Luisi Named Next Music Director of Dallas Symphony Orchestra
05/04 The Secret Life of a Music Director
04/14 Jean-Claude Malgoire died at the age of 77
04/13 Beethoven's Ninth Symphony needs speeding up by 20 minutes, claims conductor
03/29 BBC NOW/Van Steen review – dynamic showcase of young Welsh composers
03/08 Composer John Williams to Bequeath His Life Work to The Juilliard School Library
03/02 Daniil Trifonov and His Teacher Dazzle With Dual Virtuosity
02/18 Hear How 'Mozart in the Jungle' Became a Music Showcase
02/02 François Girard's production of Wagner's "Parsifal" - Watch the Met Opera Stage a Sea of Blood
01/28 Barbara Hannigan leads list of Grammy Awards' classical winners
01/19 Meet the New Generation Leading Berlin's Classical Scene
Peaceful Reflections
Sundays at 10:00 p.m. Eastern
With Ed Amend
Following Wavelengths, Peaceful Reflections brings you two hours of music chosen to help you unwind from the week that's ending and prepare for the one ahead. Peaceful Reflections is a thoughtful, relaxing mix of orchestral, chamber, choral, and organ works, the perfect way to end a Sunday evening.