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Today I ran a 10k race in our town. The race is held in the evening, starts at 6:30 pm, it's a really nice event organised by a running club. I don't really know how many runners that took part. My guess is around 100. The race goes for two laps on parkways and roads in town. It's well organised with many people that helps around the track with stopping traffic when the track crosses roads and also people who directs you into the right path when there sometimes are many options. Many runners, including myself, use this race as a dress rehearsal for the Gothenburg half marathon.
I ran this race last year in 1:02:18 and my plan this year was to go faster than that. My 10k PR was 57:57, and I was aiming for 55 minutes this evening. I had thought a lot about a plan or strategy for this race. I think I do much better if I have a plan to follow. So my plan was to run the first 5 kms at a little under 6 minutes each km and then have strength left to speed up a bit for the second half.
This is what happened:
Just before the start I met an old friend and we chatted a little about everything and nothing, and suddenly I heard "GO" and we took off. I started my stoppwatch (I thought). I was running with my new watch because it has a memory for laptimes and I thought that if I push the lap time button every km I don't have to do so much calculation in my head. Later in a race I find that to be difficult, probably due to lack of oxygen in my brain. After about half a minute I looked at my watch and it hadn't started. I must have pushed the wrong button. OK I estimated that we were about 30 sec in the race so I pushed the right button and thought that I'll just add 30 sec to my total time and the first km lap. the other laptimes each km should be ok. No big deal.
As always, I got carried away and started out too fast.
1 km - 4:29 and add 30 sec thats 5 minutes. Still enough oxygen to figure that out. Way too fast. Have to slow down.
2 km - 5:30 Still a bit faster than I had planned. Slow down a bit.
3 km - 5:36 Better but could slow down just a little bit more to be strong enough at the end.
4 km - 5:30 Faster? but I'm slowing down, am I not? At this point I gave up my plan and formed a new one: I'm feeling great, why not go on and try to hit the 5:30 for a couple of kms more, and we'll see what I can do at the end.
5 km - 5:32 Perfect! according to my new plan. My wife and daughter applauded and cheered me on at the halfway point. That is always a source of energy. Now I really started to enjoy the evening. The weather was nice, around 15C (60 F) and the sun was shining. The wind was a bit cold but it wasn't too bad. Many parts of the track were quite nice. Soft walkingpaths - that I like.
6 km - 5:44 I walked for a little bit at the waterstop. Maybe I walked for 15 sec. Perfect again! Really enjoying this race now. Feeling strong. I think that only one runner passed me for the last couple of kms.
7 km - 5:32 I am really good at this! I even overtook a few runners at this point. I am great! I can do anything!
8 km - 5:38 not too bad. Only two kms to go, lets see if I can speed up a little.
9 km - 5:13 yes! I could go faster! ok this is it, only 1 km to go, give everything you have now Krister. I wonder if I can overtake the guy dressed in black and white a little bit ahead of me. Yes I can! go go go.
A few hundred metres before the finnish line I passed him and I felt great. My wife and daughter cheered and I finnished the race in 54:04 a new PR. I ran the last km in 4:54.
I was really tired but happy with myself and what I had accomplished.
I had a great race even if I was a bit angry with myself for not starting my watch at the right point. My watch showed 53:40at the finnish, 24 seconds off from the official time so my mistake at the beginning wasn't really a problem. I was also a bit confused when my first plan didn't work. My second plan was better. Maybe I don't have experience enough to form a race plan. This was my fourth race, so far. But there will be more. Racing is a lot of fun.
I'm a back of the pack podcaster and runner in my fifties, running the roads and paths in my neighbourhood here in Sweden, struggling with my training and the English language. Join me for a tour on my tracks.
Tuesday, May 5, 2009
Race report
posted by Krister kl. 10:18 PM
3 comments:
- jami said...
great race. I find that my math skills deteriorate when running as well. Sometimes you just have to go for it. Well done
- May 6, 2009 at 2:40 AM
- Jan Scott said...
Well done Krister on the PR. No rude comments from children this year!
- May 9, 2009 at 8:15 PM
- Krister said...
I was looking for the kids from last year, but couldn't see them. To be on the safe side, I didn't walk this year.
- May 12, 2009 at 10:46 PM
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Remember Sam Gordon? The kickass 9-year-old who beat out 171 other kids (all boys) to become the starting quarterback on the Gremlins, her local pee wee football league? Well, it turns out not only can she regulate at the tater tot level, she can also run with the big dogs.
Check out Sam sack Pro Football Hall of Fame running back Marshall Faulk. I don't think he's letting her win, either. Look at the fear in his eyes! Seriously, I do not want to run across this girl in a dark alley. Or maybe I really do because she is THE BEST. And check out the comments: "She's already better than Tebow." OK!?
Sam Gordon, girl football sensation, joins 'NFL GameDay Morning' [NFL]

subset: commoncrawl


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Land and Resources
PEI's landmass is of relatively recent origin in geological terms. An enormous sedimentary basin underlying the present Gulf of St Lawrence was created by freshwater streams that drained ancient highlands. The ice ages left an imprint on the land, especially during the late Pleistocene period between 75,000 and 10,000 years ago. When the last glaciers receded, uncovering what is now PEI, glacial debris and the marks of glacial scouring were left on the exposed land, which began gradually to assume its present character. Because of lower ocean beds and land depressed by the glaciers' weight, the Island was connected to the mainland by a low plain covering much of the present Northumberland Strait. As ocean levels rose with the melting of the glaciers, and as the land rebounded, the crescent shape of the Island emerged about 5,000 years ago.
PEI extends for 224 km, with a width ranging from four to 60 km. The present land surface ranges from nearly level in the west to hilly in the central region, and to gently rolling hills in the east. The highest elevation is 142 m in central Queens County.
The Island's predominant reddish brown sandy and clay soils are occasionally broken by outcroppings of sedimentary rock, most commonly a red-coloured sandstone or mudstone. The heavy concentrations of iron oxides in the rock and soil give the land its distinctive reddish brown hue.
The coastline is deeply indented by tidal inlets. The north shore of the Island, facing the Gulf of St Lawrence, features extensive sand-dune formations. These shifting sands pose problems for fishermen by clogging harbour entrances, but they provide a haven for summer tourists.
The shoreline of the Island generally alternates between headlands of steep sandstone bluffs and extensive sandy beaches. Many of the Island's harbours have been created by dredging tidal runs and are usable only by vessels of shallow draught, such as inshore fishing boats. A few natural harbours, such as those of Summerside, Charlottetown, Georgetown and Souris, provide access and shelter for larger vessels.
Little is left of the original forests of the Island; three centuries of clearing for agriculture and shipbuilding, as well as fire and disease, have radically transformed them. During the 19th century, the upland areas of the province were forested with beech, yellow birch, maple, oak and white pine. As of 2000, most of the woodlands have deteriorated into a mixture of spruce, balsam fir and red maple.
The Island climate is moderate. Winters are long but relatively mild, and springs are late and cool. Summers are cool and marked by prevailing southwest breezes. Average mean maximum temperatures are approximately -3°C in January and February, and 23°C in July. The mean minimum temperature drops to approximately -26°C in January and February, and 14°C in July.
The Island is relatively free of fog year-round, unlike neighbouring provinces. Annual rainfall is approximately 1,125.8 mm, while the annual snowfall is 318.2 cm, ensuring adequate groundwater supply. The waters of both the Gulf of St Lawrence and Northumberland Strait are warmer in summer than the coastal waters of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, although in winter ice covers both the strait and the gulf, and icebreakers are needed to keep shipping lanes open. Drift ice is often found in Island waters as late as the latter part of May, causing difficulty for fishermen and slowing the arrival of spring.
Conservation is a major concern of government and public interest groups in the province. Over-cropping, extensive mechanization, reliance on chemical fertilizers and removal of hedgerows has led to considerable wind and water erosion of some of the Island's best land. It is estimated, for example, that up to five tonnes of soil per hectare can be eroded from an unprotected plowed field in one year. This soil erosion has also led to heavy siltation of the creek and river systems, turning many streams, navigable in the last century, into shallow and unusable creeks.
Another major concern is the purchase of large tracts of land by non-residents for recreation or development and by vertically integrated business for farming. Both problems led to the establishment of a Royal Commission on Land Use and Ownership, and to the subsequent creation of a Provincial Land Use Commission (now part of the Island Regulatory and Appeals Commission), which regulates zoning, ownership and development questions.
Groups such as the PEI Nature Trust have attempted to bring public attention to many of PEI's imperilled natural areas, but most of the land is privately owned and vulnerable to inappropriate development, misuse or unwitting neglect.
The first inhabitants of PEI were ancestors of the Mi'kmaq. There is evidence they occupied sites on PEI as many as 10,000 years ago by crossing the low plain now covered by Northumberland Strait. Occupation since that time has most likely been continuous, although there are some indications that there may have been seasonal migrations to hunt and fish on the Island as well. The Mi'kmaq have inhabited the area for the last 2,000 years.
The first European to record seeing the Island was Jacques Cartier, who landed at several spots on the north shore during his explorations of the gulf in the summer of 1534. Although there was to be no permanent settlement for almost 200 years, the harbours and bays were known to French and Basque fishermen, but no trace of their visits has survived.
French settlement of the Island (then known as as Île St-Jean) began in the 1720s. The colony was originally a dependency of Île Royale, although a small garrison was stationed near what is now Charlottetown. Settlement was slow, with the population in 1748 reaching just over 700. However, with increasing British pressure on the Acadian inhabitants of Nova Scotia culminating in the decision to expel them in 1755, the population of the Island was significantly increased. Some 4,500 settlers were on the Island at the fall of Louisbourg in 1758, but the British quickly forced all but a few hundred to leave, even though the colony was not ceded to them until the Treaty of Paris (1763).
Under the British administration the name of the Island was anglicised to the Island of Saint John. This was the first of the new possessions to benefit from a plan to survey all of the territory in North America. Surveyor General Samuel Holland was able to provide detailed plans of the Island by 1765. He divided it into 67 townships of 20,000 acres each. Almost all of these were granted as the result of a lottery held in 1767 to military officers and others to whom the British government owed favours.
With the exception of small areas surrounding the land allotted for towns, there was no crown land. The proprietors were required to settle their lands to fulfil the terms of their grants, but few made an effort to do so. As a result the Island had vast areas of undeveloped land, yet those who wished to open up farms often had to pay steep rents or purchase fees.
Some proprietors refused to sell land at all and settlers found that they had no more security of tenure than they formerly had as tenants in England or Scotland. Further, the costs of the administration of the Island were to be borne by a tax paid by the proprietors on the land they held. This was often impossible to collect, and efforts made by the local government to enforce the terms of the grants were usually overruled by the British government under the influence of the landowners, most of whom never set foot in the colony.
The land question was the dominating political concern from 1767 until Confederation. Confrontation between the agents of the proprietors and the tenants frequently led to violence, and attempts to change the system were blocked in England. During the 1840s the government was able to buy out some of the landowners and make the land available for purchase by the tenants, but funds available for this purpose were quickly exhausted.
In spite of these difficulties the population grew from just over 4,000 in 1798 to 62,000 around 1850. Although there was an influx of Loyalists after the American Revolution, the majority of the newcomers were from the British Isles. Several large groups were brought from Scotland in the late 1700s and early 1800s by landowners such as Captain John MacDonald and Lord Selkirk, and by 1850 the Irish represented a sizable proportion of the recent immigrants.
Colonial Government
After 1758 the Island was administered from Nova Scotia and later, in 1763, became part of that province. In 1769, however, following representations made by the proprietors, a separate administration was set up complete with governor, lieutenant-governor, council and assembly. In 1799 the name of the colony was changed by the assembly to Prince Edward Island to honour a son of King George III stationed with the army in Halifax at the time.
With rapid growth in the second quarter of the 19th century, demands came for more effective control over the affairs of the colony by the elected assembly. Although the concept of representative government had been accepted since 1773, the administration was still dominated by the appointed executive council. In 1851 responsible government was granted to the colony and the first elected administration under George Coles took office. The period was not a politically stable one, however, for in the next 22 years, a total of 12 governments were in office. The land question continued and, in addition, matters such as assistance to religious schools divided the population.
The Charlottetown Conference of 1864, the first in a series of meetings leading to Confederation, was held in the colony, and it marked the beginning of a period of political change that would leave a deep imprint. The meeting was called to discuss maritime union, but when visiting representatives from Canada began to promote a larger union, the original proposal failed to capture the imagination of Islanders.
When the other British North American colonies joined the new federation in 1867, few people in PEI regretted not being part of the union. The reluctance of the Islanders, however, could not last for long. A massive debt incurred by the Islanders in building a railway running from one end of the colony to the other, combined with pressures from the British government and Canadian promises, pushed the Island into Confederation in 1873. (See also Prince Edward Island and Confederation.)
The enticements offered by the Canadians included an absorption of the colony's debt, year-round communication with the mainland, and the provision of funds with which the colony could buy out the proprietors and end the land question. Although few Islanders displayed much enthusiasm, most accepted the union as a marriage of necessity.
The post-Confederation period brought severe hardships to the Island's economy and population as new technology, the National Policy and other forces combined to reduce the Island's prosperity. Although the province reached a population level of 109,000 in 1891, the lure of employment in western and central Canada, and in the US led to a drain on the population, which had slipped to 88,000 by the time of the Great Depression. Dominion-provincial relations dominated the political sphere as the Island sought to increase its subsidy from Ottawa, retain the level of political representation it had enjoyed at Confederation, and finally establish the continuous communication with the mainland that was promised in 1873.
Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the economy of the province was stable, with only slight changes in both farming and fishing — with the notable exception of the fox-farming industry between 1890 and 1939. By the mid-1960s, however, the situation had changed considerably. The number of farmers and fishermen had dropped, and the economy, which had lagged behind the rest of Canada, was in serious trouble.
Due to recent booms in PEI's natural resource industries, the province has experienced several decades of relative stability. Important, however, are the continuing efforts to bring in new industry while still maintaining elements of the province's history and heritage.
The Mi'kmaq can trace their ancestry on the Island as far back as 10,000 years ago. Upon the arrival of the Europeans, they were left with small parcels of land of poor quality, and suffered from disease and high unemployment. Late in the 20th century and into the 21st, PEI's total Aboriginal population slowly began to grow. They accounted for 0.7 per cent of the province's population in 1996, 1 per cent in 2001, and approximately 1.3 per cent in 2006.
The majority of the Acadian population can be traced to several hundred Acadians who escaped deportation at the time of the British occupation of the Island following the fall of Louisbourg in 1758. Today, approximately 2.4 per cent of PEI's population claims Acadian descent.
English, Scots and Irish arrived in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and by 1861 the population of the Island grew to just over 80,000. Thereafter growth slowed and following 1891, natural increase was unable to keep up with the number of Islanders leaving, especially for New England.
Most of the other ethnic groups on PEI are the result of immigration in the last 50 years. The 1950s and 1960s were periods of slow population growth as Islanders continued to leave the province in search of economic opportunities elsewhere. In-migration in the 1990s, combined with natural increase, caused the population to grow to 136, 200 in 1996. In 2016, PEI's population was 142,907, representing a 1.9 per cent increase from 2011. Despite this growth, the population only represents about 0.4 per cent of the Canadian total.
Urban Centres
As with other provinces, PEI's urban population steadily increased throughout the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries, but at a much slower rate than seen in most other provinces. Between 2001 and 2006, PEI's urban population grew by only 0.8 per cent while its rural population declined by 12.8 per cent. Nevertheless, 45 per cent of PEI's population dwelled in urban areas as of 2016.
PEI's capital city, Charlottetown, is also its largest, with a population of 36,094 in 2016. Growth in the capital region has been most notable in the suburbs, but the city's population grew by 4.4 per cent between 2011 and 2016.
Charlottetown is the seat of most government offices, the provincial university, the Confederation Centre of the Arts and the art gallery. At one time the city was a major port, but in recent years the number of vessels entering has declined significantly, although efforts by several agencies have resulted in regular visits by summer cruise liners. In 1984, the federal Department of Veterans Affairs was moved to the city, resulting in an increase in federal government employees in the area.
The next largest urban centre is Summerside. Summerside's principal economic bases are agricultural service industries and government offices.
Labour Force
In 2016, the sectors employing the most people on PEI were health care and social assistance, retail trade, and public administration.
Male and female employment rates are approximately equal, but unemployment across the province is a chronic problem. The unemployment rate in PEI is among Canada's highest, at 12.3 per cent in 2016.
Language and Ethnicity
Along with Canada's Eastern Arctic, PEI is one of the most culturally homogeneous regions in Canada. The overwhelming majority of the Island's population (91.5 per cent) reported English as their mother tongue in the 2016 census, while only 3.8 per cent of the total population reported French. The most commonly reported ethnic origins were Canadian, Scottish and English. Visible minorities comprise 4.8 per cent of the population, with Chinese, South Asian and Black people making up the largest visible minority communities. Indigenous people (including First Nations, Métis and Inuit) make up 2 per cent of the population.
Christianity is PEI's central religion, with about 93 per cent of residents identifying with a Christian denomination, according to the 2001 census. Until recently religion played an important role in Island life.
Geography has dominated the economic history of PEI. In the 18th and 19th centuries its insularity was a benefit. Produce and manufactured goods had to travel only short distances before they could be loaded aboard cheap water transportation and the forests of the Island provided the resources for shipbuilding, which became a major industry in the mid-1800s. The prosperity of the Island was further reinforced by the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 that led to increased export of agricultural products to the US.
At the time of Confederation trade links were well established along the Atlantic seaboard and with the United Kingdom. However, the shift of focus after 1873 towards central Canada and western expansion, together with changes in technology, left the Island — which was a relatively strong economic partner in Confederation — in a weakened condition that has persisted to this day.
PEI was not prepared for the industrial age. It lacked coal and water resources essential to industrial development, and the cost and availability of transportation proved to be a difficulty not easily overcome. Industries on the Island were soon crushed by larger and more efficient plants in central Canada, but at the same time the National Policy provided no protection or markets for the Island's natural products.
The change in technology was most strongly felt in the shipbuilding industry. As the wooden sailing ship was replaced by steam vessels constructed of iron and steel, the entire industry died, having neither the raw materials nor the capital to make such a fundamental shift.
One activity in which the Island did provide a successful lead was in fox farming. Beginning in 1890 with the work of industry pioneers Charles Dalton and Robert Oulton, the province became the centre of a lucrative silver fox pelt industry. Fox breeding became very widespread, with many Island farmers supplementing their limited income from traditional agriculture in this way.
By the late 1930s new technology, changing fashions and the Great Depression caused a rapid decline in the industry. Several fox farms survived into the postwar period, but have since steadily declined. Although there was more stagnation in the economy than an absolute decline, by the early 1950s the per-capita income in PEI was just over half the national level and the outlook for the future was bleak.
The post-Second World War development of what amounted to new national policies had the most profound impact on the Island. Income support programs, human-services programs and new federal-provincial fiscal policy dramatically altered the Islanders' way of life. Attempts to alleviate regional disparities by using forced economic growth have caused a social revolution. Despite personal income levels remaining below the national average, these government programs helped increase income and provide markedly better health and educational facilities. The Federal-Provincial Comprehensive Development Plan, begun in 1969, has been central to much of this development.
This new period of development through government intervention also had negative consequences. Increasing dependence has been the principal cost. Recently, government initiatives have focused on further developing PEI's natural resources and tourism in addition to attempting to diversify the Island's economy by including new and more technological industries.
Agriculture is one of the province's most important industries, and potatoes the most important crop.
In the latter half of the 20th century there were major changes in agriculture on Prince Edward Island. As late as 1951 over 90 per cent of all farms on PEI had horses, for a total of 21,000 animals. By 2011, only 1,481 horses and ponies inhabited the island, and fields used to produce the huge amount of forage for these animals have been turned to other uses.
The number of farms has steadily declined over the last 60 years. Between 1951 and 1996 the number of farms dropped from 10,137 to 2,217, and further dropped to 1,495 in 2011. While the number of farms has decreased, in the 20 year period between 1987 and 2007 the average size increased 53 per cent, from 238 acres to 365 acres. Despite the size of their properties, net farm income (about $3.1 million in 2012) is becoming a smaller portion of total income earned for PEI farmers. In 2006, for example, 43 per cent of farmers reported off-farm income.
Total farm cash receipts in 2012 were $467 million, representing an increase of 26 per cent since 2002. Of this total the most profitable single crop was potatoes, which earned over $246 million. Potatoes flourish in the soil and climate conditions found in PEI. The province is the nation's largest supplier of potatoes and the second-largest supplier of seed potatoes. Table stock is either sold fresh in eastern Canada and the US, or processed into French fries and other potato products. Dairy farms and beef production also represent a significant portion of PEI's agricultural sector.
The provincial and federal governments have put in place a large number of programs to halt the exodus of farmers from the industry and to increase farm incomes. They have had some success, but the high cost of entering the industry remains a problem. At the same time, the average age of farmers has increased from 48 years in 1997 to 51 years in 2007. Both levels of government are active in agricultural research and Agriculture Canada maintains a large research facility in Charlottetown. The Atlantic Veterinary College on the campus of the University of Prince Edward Island has a significant impact on both animal and aquatic research benefiting the fishing industry.
Tourism, construction, primary resource-related manufacturing and services are the major industries of PEI. Since 1945, through exploiting the appeal of PEI's unspoiled landscape and sandy beaches, tourism has emerged as a major industry, growing significantly in the last three decades. However, it has sometimes brought inappropriate and random development, dependence on low seasonal wages and loss of land to off-Island owners. In 2000 the island attracted about 1.2 million tourists who spent over $301 million. By 2010 this number had increased slightly to over 1.3 million, generating $370 million in revenue. The completion of the Confederation Bridge in 1997 greatly increased tourist visits.
Since the 1960s, the government has been deeply involved in the construction and operation of attractions and accommodations. However, the major attraction remains the fine, warm sandy beaches along the 1,107 km of shoreline. Golf, deep-sea fishing and horse racing are among the sports available for tourists. Golf is particularly well-funded and recently gained much attention through exposure on the Golf Channel. In the last decade, government and private developers have established a number of heritage attractions, including sites operated by the Prince Edward Island Museum and Heritage Foundation. New cruise terminals, online reservation systems, improvements to provincial parks and active marketing campaigns have all helped to increase tourist traffic to the island in recent years. Attempts have been made to divert tourists from the central part of the Island, which is dominated by Prince Edward Island National Park, to eastern and western parts of the province, which have benefited less from the tourist dollar. A major problem is the shortness of the season, which consists of only eight to 10 weeks in July and August.
Mineral resources have not been discovered in commercial quantities on the Island, although trace deposits of coal, uranium, vanadium and other minerals exist. Since 1940, drilling has revealed the existence of natural gas beneath the seabed off the northeast part of the province, but its full natural gas supply is unknown because only exploratory wells have been drilled. Mining to date has been restricted to open-pit removal of gravel, but the latter is of low quality and in insufficient quantities to meet even local demand. Sand mining was a prevalent along PEI's beaches until 2009, when the Department of Environment, Energy and Forestry stopped issuing sand mining permits. A study linking sand mining to the erosion of coastal beaches prompted the decision. As of 2008, PEI has opted to develop energy initiatives over its mining sector.
Forestry is relatively undeveloped on the Island because of the depleted state of the woodlands and lack of effective management of the remaining resource. It was a principal industry in the 1800s, when most of the best timber was harvested. Since then forests have regenerated in species of little commercial value. Today, forests are being reconsidered as a source of both fuel and lumber for provincial use. Many Island homes are now being heated, at least in part, by wood fuel. Recent tax exemptions and financial incentives for wood heating systems helped re-establish wood and wood pellets as viable heat systems on the island.
Fishing is one of the most important resource sectors on the Island. The total value of fish landings (i.e. catch brought ashore) increased by about 37 per cent from 2009 to 2012, from $124.6 million to $170.4 million.
Lobster is by far the most valuable species. In 2012, the landed value of lobster was $113.8 million, more than double the value of other shellfish, including scallops and oysters, which accounted for $45.4 million in 2012. Pelagic and estuarial fish (e.g. Arctic char), as well as groundfish such as cod, are also caught in the Island's waters.
Historically, another important industry in the western part of the Island was the harvesting of Irish moss, a marine plant that, when processed, yields carrageenan, an emulsifying and stabilizing agent used in many food products. However, the industry is steadily declining.
Transportation to and from the Island by sea is currently handled by two ferry systems. Northumberland Ferries Ltd, a private company heavily subsidized by the federal government, operates between Wood Islands, PEI, and Caribou, Nova Scotia, from May to December, closing when ice and weather become severe. The second ferry service, C.T.M.A, runs from Cap-aux-Meules, Îles-de-la-madeleine to Souris, PEI.
Getting to and from the Island also takes place via Confederation Bridge, which links PEI to New Brunswick. It opened in May 1997 and at 12.9 km, it is the world's longest bridge over ice-covered water. The bridge is curved to keep drivers alert and reduce accidents, and the average crossing takes about 10 minutes. Discussion about the bridge began in earnest in 1987, when proposals for constructing a fixed link in the form of a bridge or tunnel came forward from the federal government and private developers. In January 1988, a plebiscite was held on the question by the provincial government of Premier Joe Ghiz. In this controversial vote, 59 per cent of Islanders voted in favour of a fixed link. Construction took four years and cost a total of $1 billion.
Over the years, the road network within the province has been substantially improved and now almost all primary and secondary routes are paved, which has greatly increased the use of road transportation in the shipping of primary and manufactured products. Additionally, the province is connected to major Canadian centres by daily air routes operated by West Jet and Air Canada.
Energy costs are one of the most serious problems facing PEI. Because the Island has only small ponds, few significant rivers, and generally low elevation, water power is seldom used. In the last century, numerous gristmills and sawmills used the limited hydropower available, but few survive today. Lacking hydroelectric capability, the Island is forced to rely on fossil fuels to generate power and on electrical power transmitted from New Brunswick via submarine cable. As of 2012, 76 per cent of PEI's energy supply was from imported oil and almost half a billion dollars is spent annually on imported energy sources.
Since there is no potential for large-scale hydroelectrical development, alternative energy sources such as wind, solar and wood-fired generators are being investigated. In 2012, wind energy accounted for roughly 18 per cent of PEI's energy supply while biomass accounted for another 10 per cent.
Government and Politics
Provincial Government
Government was established in PEI by order-in-council in 1769, but it was not until the post-Confederation period that the modern structure and practice of government emerged. There is a lieutenant-governor appointed by the governor general for a five-year term. The executive council, or Cabinet, usually consists of 10 members responsible for single or multiple departments and is headed by the premier. The legislative assembly has representatives from 27 constituencies. Because of their size, Charlottetown elects five members and Summerside two. Many of the constituencies are rural and small, some having barely 2,000 voters.
When PEI entered Confederation it had a bicameral legislature, an upper house or council elected by property owners, and an assembly elected by universal male suffrage. As provinces moved in the late 19th century to abolish upper houses, a unique compromise emerged in PEI. A single legislative assembly was created in 1893, but for each constituency there was one candidate designated a councillor and one an assemblyman. Property owners elected the councillor and all males the assemblyman. Persons holding property in more than one riding could vote in each riding, a system that led to all manner of obvious abuses. This property qualification was maintained until 1963, and the practice of electing a councillor and an assemblyman from each district continues to the present. The franchise was extended to women in 1922. Because the population is almost equally split between Roman Catholics and Protestants, a practice developed of ensuring that opposing candidates in provincial elections faced a coreligionist, but in recent years this tradition has weakened.
The emergence of fairly stable political parties in PEI was a product of the 1870s. From that time to the present, the Liberal and Progressive Conservative parties have dominated the electoral scene. The New Democratic Party first ran candidates in the 1974 election, and the Green Party in 2007. However, with the exception of 1996 when the NDP won a seat, and 2015 when the Green Party won a seat, third parties have struggled to gain influence in the provincial legislature. This historic trend changed dramatically when, in the 2019 general election, the Green Party took eight seats and formed the official opposition to a minority PC government. (See also Premiers of Prince Edward Island.)
The judicial system consists of the Supreme Court, which has Estates, Family and Trial divisions, and which sits on appeals en banc (i.e., when a case is presented to the entire bench of judges in a district), provincial courts and the Small Claims Court. There are no county courts in the province.
Public Finance
The provincial government depends heavily on federal transfers. In 2012–13, the province received $509 million in major transfers, accounting for 34 per cent of its revenue — a higher percentage than any other province in the country (excluding the territories). In April 2013, PEI introduced a harmonized sales tax (HST) replacing the provincial sales tax, and the federal goods and services tax (PST and GST). At 14 per cent, PEI has one of the highest sales taxes in the country.
Federal Representation
The Island is represented by four members of Parliament, elected from the ridings of Egmont, Malpeque, Hillsborough and Cardigan, and four senators. When PEI entered Confederation in 1873 it was entitled to six members, but declining population relative to the rest of Canada reduced this figure to five in 1892 and four in 1904, and by 1911 it was entitled to only three members. After vigorous protests, the British North America Act was amended in 1915, stating that no province should have fewer members of Parliament than senators. As a result, PEI is guaranteed its current four seats.
Local Government
There are three levels of municipal government in the province: city, town and community. Charlottetown and Summerside are the only cities, governed by a mayor and councillors, elected for four-year terms. The seven towns are also governed by mayors and councillors, while the 64 communities are governed by a chairperson and councillors.
The Island is reasonably well served by hospital and health facilities, especially since the introduction of a provincial health-care plan in the late 1960s providing non-premium medical and hospital services. There are seven hospitals in the province, the largest hospital being the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Charlottetown. As in other provinces, health-care costs have risen sharply. A comprehensive ground ambulance system was established in 2006 and two rapid response units have recently been established to better serve rural Islanders. Air ambulance service is provided by Nova Scotia and New Brunswick when patients require immediate transportation.
The public school system originated in the Free Education Act of 1852, and authorized the establishment of autonomous school districts based on local communities. Each of the 475 districts was entitled to a one-room school; usually offering grades one through 10. The school districts were governed by local boards, which collected taxes, hired teachers and organized volunteer services. Along with the church and the general store, schools became focal points in each community.
This system served the Island well in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but began to show serious deficiencies by the 1920s and 1930s. Inadequate facilities, lack of opportunities to study beyond grade 10 (except for a fortunate few who could attend high school in Charlottetown) and poorly paid, under qualified teachers all began to reach public attention. By 1956 per-capita expenditures for elementary and secondary education were the lowest in Canada — $92 compared with the $279 Canadian average — and by the 1960s the local schools, while providing an essential focus of community life, had fallen far behind Canadian educational norms.
The Comprehensive Development Plan provided the vehicle and the rationale for transforming the Island educational system. Beginning in 1972 the many small school districts were replaced by five regional boards, and the process of closing schools and building new, consolidated institutions began. In 1971 there were 189 schools; by 1994 that number had declined to 70. New regulations requiring university degrees for teachers were introduced, and teachers' salaries rose from an average of $5,724 in 1971 to $41,199 by 1994. As of 2011, most teachers in PEI could expect to earn between $47,135 and $76,289 annually.
During the 2011–12 school year, 20,831 students were enrolled in public school system. This is over a 10 per cent decrease from 10 years earlier, when 23,449 were enrolled in 2001–2. This is not a new trend: enrollment has been decreasing since the mid-1970s, due in large part to low birth rates and an aging population.
While enrollment is decreasing, spending is not. In 2009–10, $10,425 was spent per student in grades one through 12, up from $7,607 in 2004–5, an increase of 37 per cent. Also of note: full-day kindergarten was introduced in 2010; and during the 2011–12 year, PEI had the lowest teacher to student ratio in Canada.
Higher education in PEI began with the creation of Prince of Wales College (1834) and St Dunstan's University (1855). These two institutions were small and separated along religious lines. In 1969 they merged to form the University of Prince Edward Island, located in Charlottetown. Holland College is the Island's community college.
Cultural Life
The rich cultural heritage of PEI developed as an integral part of the community partially because of the relative isolation of the province. Even within the province there was little communication between the Acadian communities in the western part of the Island and the predominantly Scottish communities in the southeast. Although the French language and Acadian culture have been strengthened in recent years, the Gaelic language has all but disappeared. Because of threats to the cultural life of the province, many groups actively support aspects of the Island's cultural heritage.
The provincial government assists these groups and funds a wide variety of activities. The Prince Edward Island Museum and Heritage Foundation, for example, not only administers historic sites but is also active in collecting and interpreting material culture. The Prince Edward Island Council of the Arts also assists and encourages local cultural development. Both Holland College and the University of Prince Edward Island are vital contributors to the contemporary cultural life of the Island.
The Confederation Centre of the Arts was built as a memorial to the Fathers of Confederation in 1964 to mark the 100th anniversary of the Charlottetown Conference. The centre is a major arts complex with three theatres, an art gallery and a public library. The gallery has a fine collection of Canadian art and features a large collection of the works of Robert Harris, a portraitist of the late 19th and early 20th century whose most notable work is the group portrait of the Fathers of Confederation. The 1,100-seat main stage theatre is home to the Charlottetown Summer Festival, a showcase of Canadian musical theatre.
At present there is an active artistic community on the Island and in addition to the Confederation Centre Gallery, there are several other private and public galleries. While the province is the home or birthplace of a large number of popular and academic writers, none is as well-known as Lucy Maud Montgomery, author of Anne of Green Gables. Most of Montgomery's stories are set on the Island and each year thousands of visitors come to see places mentioned in her books or associated with her life.
The Prince Edward Island Arts Guild officially opened in 1994. The building is the headquarters for many of the Island's arts organizations, including the Prince Edward Island Council of the Arts.
PEI is served by English-language CBC radio and by English- and French-language CBC television. The CTV television network also covers the Island, but is not produced locally. Four private radio stations broadcast in Charlottetown and one operates in Summerside. Cable television systems operate in all Island population centres, offering a wide range of programs, mostly of US origin.
There are two daily newspapers published in the province: the Guardian in Charlottetown and the Journal-Pioneer in Summerside. Three weekly papers are also published on the island: the Eastern Graphic, published in Montague; the West Prince Graphic, published in Alberton; and La Voix Acadienne, a French-language paper, produced in Summerside.
Historic Sites
Of Prince Edward Island's many important historic sites, the best known is Province House , the location of the Charlottetown Conference of 1864. Government House, the residence of the lieutenant-governor, is a carefully refurbished early 19th-century building. Other sites include Green Gables, the L.M. Montgomery home at Cavendish, and heritage sites operated by the Museum and Heritage Foundation at Charlottetown, Summerside, Elmira, Port Hill, Basin Head and Orwell Corner. A visitor can appreciate much of the Island's architectural heritage by simply walking in the older areas of Charlottetown or Summerside, or by driving along the country roads. Many fine examples of both rural and urban buildings from the last century are still intact and functional.


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Office of the Provost
The Office of the Provost oversees academic policies and activities university-wide.
Benjamin Polak, the William C. Brainard Professor of Economics, was named provost in January 2013.
As provost he facilitates strategic planning, long-term decision making, and the allocation of resources in order to promote academic excellence in all parts of the university. In addition, he oversees design and implementation of policies affecting faculty and students throughout the university. Mr. Polak holds a B.A. from Cambridge University, an M.A. in history from Northwestern University, and a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University.
Mr. Polak joined the Yale faculty in 1994 and holds a joint appointment in the Economics Department, where he served as chair from 2010 to 2013, and the School of Management. He also has served as a member of the University Budget Committee, a member of the executive committees of the MacMillan Center and the Institution for Social and Policy Studies, a fellow of the Whitney Humanities Center, and a visitor at the Law School. Before coming to Yale, he was a junior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows and a visiting professor in the inaugural year of the New Economic School in Moscow. He has also held visiting appointments at the Australian National University, the London School of Economics, New York University, and the University of Melbourne, Australia.
An expert on decision theory and economic history, Mr. Polak teaches a popular course on game theory, which is featured on Yale Online Courses. He has published numerous papers in leading economic journals and has studied topics such as how individuals make decisions when faced with uncertainty and how societies choose when faced with inequality. His work on game theory ranges from foundational theoretical work on common knowledge to applied topics in corporate finance, law, and economics. His earlier research includes the emergence of a capital market in England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; property transactions in Ireland from the early eighteenth century to modern times; and past correlations between poverty, policy, and industrialization. Mr. Polak has been honored with three major university teaching prizes: Yale College's Lex Hixon '63 Prize for Teaching Excellence in the Social Sciences (2006); the Department of Economics' Graduate Teaching Prize (2005); and the William Clyde DeVane Medal for undergraduate teaching and scholarship at Yale College (2005). He and his wife, Stefanie Markovits, a professor of English at Yale, live in New Haven with their three children.


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Teams arrived in Croatia on the 19th according to our source......But Hi and zachattack!!
Welcome aboard Zack :yaya:Clues:Sunday, November 25, 8pm et/ptLET'S NAME OUR CHICKEN PHIL*It's American Idol, African-style, as Teams take center stage and dance to impress local celebrities from Burkina Faso. Perform without originality and suffer a 10-minute penalty!*A new wrinkle in the Race causes friction between two Teammates as one fears a target has been painted on their backs and karma will bite them from behind.*One Racer cannot control tears from flowing as she is surprised by how kind the people of Africa have been to her.
Sunday, December 2We've Really Burned Bridges, For SureNot really sure what this episode will be about or where it will take place, but I'm thinking it has to deal with the new wrinkle in the race next week between Shana/Jennifer and Jason/Lorena. It looks like one of them could have said it?
Um I'd guess the Blondes survive Michael, remember Croatia?
ApprenticeFan, I usually give this advice to rookies, which you are not. There is a rather large body of information in particular about Dubrovnik (because AR12 is probably not going to the rest of Croatia) including city maps and history and possible sightseeing other than the zipline and rowing and other tasks that we already know about in other threads, including MAPs! Maps! Maps!. Additional information is always appreciated, but you might want to find out exactly what is already on the other threads.
Staying in Burkina (after a pit stop) would suggest tasks the next day (it's light out) & possibly missing the only flight out of Oug...back to Europe. (One flight per day?)Would this make an uber bunch (following the tasks) & long hours (or an overnight) at the airport likely? Also making the U turn (or whatever dastardly deed the blondes did) not a big deal to the affected team.
At the end could they catch the train from Bingo to Abidjan instead of back to O.? And catch a plane from there to CDG?That would add another African country. Have they been to Cote de'Ivoire before?
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People who overshare on Facebook just want to be accepted
Isn't it ironic when the things we do end up having the opposite effect to the desired outcome.
Like when people make desperate cries for attention, it makes us less likely to want to give them any. It's in the only-encourage-good-behaviour school of thought.
Miley Cyrus and her doppleganger, Justin Bieber, are notable exceptions here. But, then their desperate cries are so fabulously outrageous, we must take a moment to marvel and lavish concerned attention before we return to mourning the decay of mankind.
Anyway, we digress.
Social media has provided an unparalleled platform for attention-seeking behaviour. Perhaps best represented by the overshare. Take Facebook posts for instance.
Oversharing is prolific. People post soft-porn photos of themselves, the details of their dinner/their latest break-up/ their child's bowel habits. And they're the amateurs. The real deal does hard-ons, tampons and STDs.
Contrary to the concern that people have lost all sense of decency, it turns out that they just want to connect.
A study by psychologists at Albright University found that disclosing details and excessive information was related to attention-seeking, and acceptance-seeking, "but was unrelated to seeking connection with and expressing caring for others".
The psychologists studied the "true self" expression of 184 college undergraduates. True self, they explain, consists of qualities an individual currently possesses but does not normally express to others.
Previous studies have found that many find it easier to be their true self to a wider audience online.
"When we're looking at the screen we're not face-to-face with someone who can immediately respond to us, so it's easier to let it all out - it's almost like we're invisible," said the author of one recent study on the extended self in a digital world. "The irony is that rather than just one person, there's potentially thousands or hundreds of thousands of people receiving what we put out there."
Indeed. With a wider reach there is the potential for greater acceptance. But it seems that the scattergun approach to sharing - and creating "drama", as the study found that those who feel they are being their true selves have a tendency to do - backfires.
"Those who express the true self do not receive more wall posts from others in response to their greater expressiveness," the study reads. "Their self-oriented motives may be apparent to their Facebook friends, causing them to not respond in kind."
But, some still don't seem to take the hint.
"Alternatively, there could be a disconnect between the levels of self-disclosure with which these users and their friends are comfortable."


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Viciedo, Reed lead White Sox system
Slugger, reliever enjoy strong run in Minors, finish in Majors
By Andrew Pentis / Special to MLB.com | October 17, 2011 6:00 AM
The Chicago White Sox enjoyed success across their seven-team Minor League system. Among the highlights: Great Falls won the Pioneer League championship; Double-A Birmingham won the Southern League first-half division title, and Kannapolis (76-62) enjoyed a strong regular season but narrowly missed out on the South Atlantic League playoffs.
The Sox also saw top prospect Eduardo Escobar and a trio of pitchers -- right-hander Dylan Axelrod, southpaw Hector Santiago and righty Addison Reed -- emerge onto the scene and make their Major League debuts.
White Sox Organization All-Stars
Catcher -- Tyler Flowers, Charlotte (65 games): The cleanup hitter struck 15 home runs and reached base safely in 39 percent of his plate appearances. A Braves draftee acquired in a December 2008 trade involving Javier Vasquez, Chicago's No. 5 prospect also appeared in 38 Major League games this season, subbing for the injured A.J. Pierzynski.
"When we traded for him, we felt that he could be a run-producing bat," assistant director of player development and scouting Del Matthews said. "We're starting to see what our reports indicated he could be for us. ... He really took off this year."
First base -- Dan Black, Kannapolis (135 games): A 14th-round draftee out of Purdue University in 2009, Black collected a system-best 146 base hits, 41 doubles and 98 RBIs. Coming back from a so-so May, the switch-hitter plated 29 runs in 26 June games. Black was positioned solely at first in his first full season as a pro.
"I wouldn't say [his breakout] was expected, but it was definitely welcomed with how he went about his business," Matthews said. "He's going to have a chance to hopefully do the same in a hitter's park at Winston-Salem [next season]."
Second base -- Tyler Kuhn, Charlotte (23 games), Birmingham (107 games): Kuhn registered the organization's highest batting average (.333) and legged out the most triples (11). Named the Southern League's Best Utility Player, he finished second in the circuit in batting (.341) prior to his Triple-A callup. His greatest value, however, appeared to be his versatility: Matthews said Kuhn, who played 20 or more games at four different positions, is a strong candidate to be a super-utility player in the Majors.
"He has always been able to get into the lineup because of his bat," Matthews said of the Sox's 15th-round draftee in 2008. "This year, at Birmingham, it's not such a hitter-friendly environment, but that didn't stop him. He got off to a hot start and never looked back."
Added Knights manager Joe McEwing, "He's a huge asset to every ballclub that he's on."
Carlos Sanchez, who will move to shortstop next season, also deserves a mention. In his first pro season in the states -- he played 68 games between Bristol and Kannapolis -- the product of Venezuela wowed with his glove and drew comparisons to countryman Escobar. "At only 19 and playing at Low-A," Matthews said, "he has been tremendous."
Third base -- Dallas McPherson, Charlotte (101 games): No longer the top prospect he was with the Angels, who grabbed him in the 2001 Draft's second round, the gritty veteran nevertheless put together a strong season for the Knights and reached the 20-home run plateau for the third consecutive season.
"This guy has been up and down and through a lot with the back surgeries, but he's strapped it on every day for us and played well," Matthews said. "When you sign those [veterans], that's what you're looking for -- great teammate, tireless work ethic and he had a very good year at Charlotte."
Before his September callup, McPherson had a truly awesome August: .354 batting average, 12 long balls and 32 RBIs in 25 games.
"It was nice to watch," added McEwing, who will join the White Sox staff in 2012. "The last two months of the season, he really turned it on. ... He is a guy that can help a big league situation, a left-handed bat coming off the bench."
Shortstop -- Tyler Saladino, Winston-Salem (102 games): Saladino, now playing for the Mesa Solar Sox in the Arizona Fall League, was batting .192 through 19 May games after overcoming a broken hand suffered in Spring Training. The seventh-round draftee in 2010 righted himself and finished 2011 with a .270 average. Now the organization's No. 10 prospect, he collected 51 extra-base hits, including 16 dingers, in his first full season as a pro.
"He had some surprising home-run power, which was definitely welcomed for a shortstop," Matthews said. "We have a good feeling that he's going to stay in the middle of the infield with how he plays defensively. ... [Moving to Birmingham in 2012] wouldn't be out of the realm. We're pretty aggressive when our guys start to play well and take off."
Dayan Viciedo, Charlotte (119 games): The strong-armed if not very rangy Viciedo has made his name with his bat. He batted .325 before the All-Star break, then scuffled after it. Matthews pointed to Viciedo's improved strikeout-to-walk ratio of 83-45 as a sure sign of progress. A second straight season with an even 20 homers is a good omen too.
"The prodigious power is well documented, and he's really becoming a complete hitter," Matthews said of Viciedo, to whom the club handed a four-year, $10 million contract in December 2008. "This year, in Triple-A, he was able to be more selective ... and really develop some patience. ... He doesn't have to swing at 100 percent; he can swing at 80 percent and the ball is still going to go just as far."
McEwing concurred: "It was a tremendous growth year for him, just getting the at-bats. ... The biggest adjustment he has made is not leaving the strike zone and making pitchers come for him."
Viciedo finished 2011 in the bigs, where he had mixed results in 29 games for the Sox.
"We have a good feeling about Dayan," added Matthews, "and we're hoping that 'The Cuban Tank' is an impact player here in right field in Chicago for years to come."
Brady Shoemaker, Winston-Salem (19 games), Kannapolis (99 games): The South Atlantic League All-Star batted .319 and reached double digits in home runs (11) for the third straight year prior to his promotion. The righty-handed hitter spent his time between the second and fifth spots in the lineup, mashed lefty pitching to a .395 clip.
"He has always been able to hit," Matthews said of Chicago's 19th-round draftee in 2009. "He's somewhat of a streaky hitter, where he'll, for four or five days, run off three or four home runs in a row. When he gets locked in, he's as good anybody. ... We're hopeful that he's able to replicate what he did this year next year at High-A."
Trayce Thompson, Kannapolis (136 games): . The Sox's second-round draftee in 2009 busted out with 24 home runs and 87 RBIs while leading the system in runs (95) in his first full season as a pro. Matthews said Thompson, the son of former NBA player Mychal Thompson, also is still growing into his lanky Hunter Pence-like frame. That is why Matthews said he wasn't concerned with Thompson's subpar batting average (.241) or strikeout-to-walk ratio (172-60).
"He is a young player, but just the way the ball comes off of his bat is different from than some of the other guys at 20 years old," Matthews said of the organization's No. 9 prospect. "He plays a great center field, just as good as anybody in our organization, and that's saying a lot with [Charlotte's] Jordan Danks, who won the Gold Glove in center field for the Minor Leagues."
Designated hitter -- Ian Gac, Winston-Salem (140 games): Gac played in more games and hit more home runs (33) than any other White Sox farmhand. Named the Carolina League Most Valuable Player, he fell four RBIs short of his second 100-RBI season. The pending free agent should see his first action at Double-A in 2012.
"We're hopeful that we are able to bring him back next year, but he's certainly a guy that has caught the attention of a lot of clubs in the Minor Leagues with just his ability to put up those power numbers," Matthews said. "Light-tower power is what they call it."
Right-handed starting pitcher -- Dylan Axelrod, Charlotte (15 games), Birmingham (11 games): Axelrod, whom the Sox signed out of independent league ball in August 2009 based on the recommendation of Kannapolis skipper Tommy Thompson, won a Double-A job in Spring Training and finished the season in the Majors. With the ability to throw all four of pitches at any time in the count, he compiled a 9-3 record and a 2.69 ERA over 26 games -- including 24 starts -- in the Minors.
Left-handed starting pitcher -- Hector Santiago, Birmingham (15 games), Winston-Salem (eight games): A 30th-round pick in 2006, Santiago blossomed when given his first opportunity to start full time. The 23-year-old accumulated a 3.60 ERA and fanned 117 batters in his 127 1/3 innings. There were warning signs: Santiago's velocity started to spike at the end of 2010, then he added a screwball while pitching in Puerto Rico during the winter. "He came into Spring Training and was almost a different guy," said Matthews, adding that Santiago has the potential to join the big league bullpen in the future.
Relief pitcher -- Addison Reed, Charlotte (13 games), Birmingham (11 games), Winston-Salem (15 games), Kannapolis (four games): Now Chicago's No. 7 prospect, Reed spent time at every full-season affiliate and dominated batters at each. The power-armed right-hander, who employs what McEwing calls a deceptive drop-and-drive delivery, fashioned a 1.26 ERA in 43 appearances. He struck out 111 in 78 1/3 innings before finding similar success in his six Major League appearances.
"Level to level, he just kept striking guys out," Matthews said, adding he views Reed as the White Sox's closer of the future.
"His mound presence, his composure is outstanding. He believes in his ability," McEwing added. "Special kid, special arm."
Andrew Pentis is a contributor to MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.View More


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Lightning rods and lightning rod balls are collected. The glass balls were at the center of the rod that was attached to the roof of a house or barn to avoid lightning damage. The lightning rod has been in use since the 1700s, when Benjamin Franklin conducted his famous kite experiment. Collectors prefer examples made before 1940.
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Angelina Jolie: Bicycle Built For Two
Angelina Jolie has a mother-daughter moment with Shiloh, 18 months, as the pair take a bike ride through the French Quarter in New Orleans, Louisiana on Saturday afternoon.
The couple started off down their street when the chain on Angie's bike came undone. One of her bodyguards came to her rescue to repair the bike. Brad was seen getting a little chuckle out of the incident.
Brad was seen pedaling the other three kids–Maddox, 6, and Pax, 4, in a kids' chariot carrier, as well as Zahara, 2, in a kid's bike seat.
20+ pictures inside of Angie's bicycle built for two and Brad's bike built for four…


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Will the sun fall from the sky if I use 15W-50 in my K1600GTL? I have couple gallons left from my RT.
Will the sun fall from the sky if I use 15W-50 in my K1600GTL? I have couple gallons left from my RT.
Last edited by BluegrassPicker; 06-29-2012 at 02:36 PM.
It depends who you talk to, or in this case who responds to your question.
Rick H.
I have serious doubts, the engine will recognize the difference. Depending on where you live and what temperatures you ride in, the 15-50 may actually be a better choice (high temp advantage). I use 20W50 in all my bikes except my old HD shovelhead sidecar rig, which only gets 60W.
It does and you should check your owners manual.
Kent Christensen
I wouldn't hesitAte in the summer around here but I wouldn't want it in the cold
Ask the BMW dealer-
You will Void your Warranty!!!
All dealers have a viscosity checker if you use the incorrect weight oil they will know right away.
Believe it!!!
It's your bike you need to do what is best should not hurt the engine.
1974 R75/6 W Sidecar
I agree that it should not hurt the engine, but they specify a certain weight for a reason. At the least, the engine (or at least the oil) will run a bit hotter, and there will be a very slight decrease in fuel mileage.
Heavier oil is thicker... thicker oil increases friction... friction = heat and drag... heat and drag reduce mileage.
You may not even notice it, but it will be there. Personally, I'd sell the oil to a buddy who needs that weight, and use what the factory recommends. However, it's your bike...
Casa Grande, AZ
liquid cooled engines generally use lighter oil. They have tighter clearances.
The flow rate of 15W50 is lower, this can cause bearings to overheat, also reduces and delays the flow of oil to the heads.
Get the right oil. Odds are it would be fine but risking warranty on a new EXPENSIVE motorcycle over some leftover oil, I would not do it.
Sold my RT today and gave the 15W-50 away with it...
Thanks for the comments..
The owners manual also specifies 10w-50 weight oil. I'd use it in summer months, if I could find a supply. The problem is that it is expensive. The BMW brand 5w-40 is a whole lot cheaper than other 10w-50 and BMW doesn't make 10w-50 motorcycle oil.
Andre Boening
2010 F800GS and 2012 K1600GT
BMW doesn't "make" any engine oil.
And, the USA is the only place it sells BMW-labeled oil.
In the rest of the world, BMW recommends Castrol.
Here's the chart: http://www.bmw-motorrad.co.uk/media/...66_low_res.pdf
The six isn't there yet, but I'd guess the recommendation is same as S1000RR, K1300, etc., i.e. Power 1 Racing 5W-40. The USA version of this oil is called Power RS Racing: http://www.castrol.com/castrol/secti...tentId=7040544
Kent Christensen
I believe the first number in a multigrade oil is an indication of viscosity grade (weight - not winter) of the base oil without the viscosity improvers (VI). The second number is the resultant weight with the VI additives. Multigrade oils with VI additives maintain a more consistant viscosity as the temperature of the oil changes. Modern engines are designed with bearing clearances and cam/follower profiles that require the multigrade oils. The synthetics also retain a flatter viscosity vs oil temperature and they don't break down as rapidly. However, they still get dirty just as fast and they are just as susceptable to fuel dilution as non-synthetics. I just had a used oil sample from by GTL (5w40 synthetic) analyzed after 5000 miles and the viscosity had dropped from 14.5 to 10.4 due to fuel dilution. Time for an oil change.


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Instead of asking a question I would love to share the one or other code snippet I have created that is too small to make a full article on e.g. CodeProject.com or CodePlex.com.
Question: Would it be a good idea to post it as a Stack Overflow question? Or are there any other suggestions how to share it?
(Of course I could post it on my own weblog and then twitter about it, but I would love to put it in more of a programming context)


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Compact ultrasound systems: Breaking down 'walls', improving patient access
01 Feb 2018
Since its introduction in 1975, ultrasound imaging has played an important role in assisting clinical diagnosis. Ultrasound is a painless, noninvasive and radiation-free procedure that captures the images of soft tissues, which oftentime do not show up well on X-rays. This article discusses technological advancements in ultrasound imaging, focusing on recent advances in point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) technology.


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2010 world champion Aliya Mustafina claimed a third gold medal as the Russian women's gymnastics championships concluded Sunday in Penza.
Mustafina — who won the all-around title Wednesday and led Moscow to the team gold Thursday — picked up the uneven bars title with 16.220, the highest mark of the competition. She nailed her new combination of Pak salto to immediate Stalder to Shaposhnikova-half and took one step on her namesake dismount (1 1/2-twisting double back; click for video).
Mustafina made her return to competition in December after undergoing knee surgery to repair a torn ACL in April.
"I was pleasantly surprised by Aliya, who once again proved that she's a fighter," two-time Olympic gold medalist Yelena Zamolodchikova said. "Bravo to Aliya, she is doing her job and knows what she's doing."
Anastasia Grishina, the floor exercise champion and all-around runner up, fell off bars again on her Maloney-half. She won the silver medal on vault behind Anna Pavlova, showing a much improved double-twisting Yurchenko and Podkopayeva.
"This is a potentially very powerful, beautiful gymnast, but needs improvement," said Zamolodchikova, on hand in Penza as a judge. "The coach knows best what to add, but it seems to me she lacks stability and competitive experience. On the other hand, she still needs more difficulty to fight for first place."
Zamolodchikova said Grishina, a first-year senior, is dealing with nerves in the Olympic year.
"Such pressure!" she said. "Anastasia knew that everyone is watching her, and that these events are qualifiers and very important."
Team coach Andrei Rodionenko said he hopes the same team that will represent Russia at the Olympics will be ready to compete at May's European championships in Brussels. But vault is complicating matters as the team needs consistent Amanars (2 1/2-twisting Yurchenkos) to beat the United States at the Olympics, he said.
"Without this, we will lack sparkle," he said. "Silver, bronze perhaps is possible, but not gold."
Several Olympic contenders have Amanar vaults in their arsenal, but competing them is always a risk, Rodionenko said. Mustafina suffered her knee injury on a slightly underrotated Amanar at the 2011 European Championships.
Pavlova, who competed an Amanar at the 2008 Olympics, showed only a double-twisting Yurchenko and layout Podkopayeva en route to the title.
"I don't see why I should do a more complicated vault considering I've not been invited to join the national team," she said. "I don't know why, I can't explain it."
Pavlova, who turns 25 in September, said her age and knee problems should not be a reason to keep her off the Russian team.
"(Oksana) Chusovitina was born in [1975] and continues to vault brilliantly and earn medals at worlds, Europeans and the Olympic Games," said Pavlova, a two-time Olympian. "I believe age is not an obstacle. And Oksana has had plenty of injuries."
The Russian Olympic team will be decided after the Russian Cup in June, which also takes place in Penza.
The Russian men's championships are scheduled for early April.
External Link: Russian Gymnastics Federation
2012 Russian Women's Gymnastics Championships
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Explore Our Hotel
Enjoy Our Hotel's Convenient Location in Brentwood, TN
This hotel is near it all: great music, great food and great fun. With a convenient location off exit 74A on I-65, the Holiday Inn Express® Hotel & Suites Brentwood North - Nashville Area is ideal for every traveler who wants to see Music City.
Here on a business trip? You've come to the right place! A 24-hour Business Center makes it easy to complete any last-minute assignments or prepare for your next client meeting or social event, which you can host in one of our meeting rooms. And since the hotel's property is near Nashville, TN, guests can quickly find Nissan, Comdata, AIG, Quorum and AT&T.
Nashville is filled with fun and adventure at every turn. At the Nashville Zoo, you can see not only more than 300 animals, but also historic Grassmere Farm. No trip to the area is complete without visiting The Grand Ole Opry. Every country music fan needs to visit the Country Music Hall of Fame. In addition, Radnor Lake provides a serene escape here in Brentwood, TN.
This smoke-free hotel has great amenities and service that are sure to keep you coming back. If you enjoy working out, the well-equipped Fitness Center is perfect for you. A hot, free meal greets you every morning at the Express Start Breakfast Bar. Come see for yourself why our guests consider us one of the best hotels near Nashville, TN.
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Complimentary Fitness Center
Our state of the art, on-site fitness center offers guests treadmills, stationary bicycles and elliptical machines to chose from to maintain peak performance when travelling for business or pleasure.
Hours of Operation: 12:00 AM to 12:00 AM
Fitness Center Type: EXTENSIVE
Fitness Center Equipment:
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Last Renovation of Fitness Center Equipment: 2019
Housekeeping & Laundry
- Daily Housekeeping
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- Hours of Operation: 12:00 AM - 11:59 PM
Added Value
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Hotel Details
5566 Franklin Pike Circle
Brentwood, Tennessee 37027
United States
Check In: 3:00 PM
Check Out: 11:00 AM
Check-in Age: 21
Parking + -
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Provided by Hotel
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- Smoke-Free Facility
- Number of Floors: 4
- Total Number of Rooms: 110
- Number of Suites: 47
- Number of Non-Smoking Rooms: 110
- Number of Accessible Rooms: 11
- Connecting Rooms Available
- Current Renovation: 01-January-2018 To 01-February-2019
- The hotel has just completed a $2.5 million dollar renovation.
- Public Spaces Renovated in: 2019
- Guest Rooms Renovated in: 2019
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Languages Spoken by Staff
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No winning hand for BWIN against Belgian government
In a judgment delivered on 13 June, the President of the Court of First Instance of Brussels has denied a request by BwinParty, operator of the online gambling website www.bwin.com, to order the Belgian Gaming Commission to remove www.bwin.com from its blacklist and to unblock access to it. The President found that BwinParty's request had no legal merit.
Philippe Vlaemminck and Bart Heynickx, lawyers at ALTIUS, represented the Belgian Government and the Gaming Commission in this case. Philippe Vlaemminck is very pleased that the judge has confirmed that the policy and initiatives of the Gaming Commission are legal, thus boosting the efforts to protect consumers from illegal gambling website operators in Belgium.
ALTIUS Gambling & Litigation team in International Press
- Public Gaming
- Totally Gaming
- Casino Choice
- Gambling Compliance
- De Morgen
- Het Laatste Nieuws
- See also L'ECHO : « Jeux de Hasard : Bwin est débouté et la liste noire confirmée » (quoting ALTIUS)
For more information please visit www.altius.com
Search News and Articles
Legal Developments by:
Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights through Border Measures (second edition), edited by...Olivier Vrins (ALTIUS) and Marius Schneider- ALTIUS (in cooperation with Tiberghien)
Legal Developments in Belgium
Posting of workers to Belgium: Notification of the liaison officer through the LIMOSA declarationThe Act of 11 December 2016 transposed the Enforcement Directive (2014/67/EC) into Belgian law. This act made some modifications to the Act of 5 March 2002 concerning the working, remuneration and employment conditions in case of posting of workers in Belgium and the compliance with it. One of the novelties was the obligation for a foreign employer to appoint a liaison officer (physical person) in Belgium to act as a contact person with the Belgian inspectorate. The Royal Decree of 14 September 2017 that was published yesterday in the Belgian State Gazette states that the liaison officer must be appointed through the LIMOSA declaration. The Royal Decree enters into force on 1 October 2017.
Court of Justice ruling regarding the habitual place of work in "Ryanair-case"In its ruling of this 14 September the European Court of Justice confirms its earlier case-law with regard to employees who simultaneously work in various Member States. These employees can bring proceedings before the courts of the place from where they perform the essential part of their duties for their employer. The national court must determine this place in concreto in the light of all relevant circumstances. For the cabin crew in the aviation industry, the 'home base' can therefore be a significant indicator, without being equated with it.
Discrimination on the basis of religion? A new European decisionThe issue of discrimination based on religion continues to occupy the European courts.
The Constitutional Court rekindles the debate on the necessity of a hearing prior to a dismissal inThe Constitutional Court rekindles the debate on the necessity of a hearing prior to a dismissal in the public sector
The Code on the well-being of workers is publishedThe Code on well-being of workers, which coordinates the various texts concerning well-being in the workplace by grouping them in a single instrument, was published in the Belgian Official Gazette on 2 June 2017 and will enter into force on 12 June 2017. This will make it easier to find specific regulations concerning well-being of workers. It is useful to inform all the stakeholders, who play a role in the company policies on well-being of workers of this recent publication.
Binding effect of E101 certificate (current A1 form) reconfirmed by the Court of JusticeOn 27 April, the Court of Justice of the European Union pronounced again on the binding effect of an E101 certificate (now A1 form). This binding effect is applicable, even if it is found by the competent institution or the courts of the host Member State that the conditions under which the worker concerned carries out his activities do not correspond to the conditions to be subject to the social security of the other Member State.
The deadline to conclude a departure agreement is fast approachingThe Act of 15 May 2014 relating to various provisions modified the concept of "departure" in the Act of 28 April 2003 relating to occupational pensions and the tax regime of these pensions and of certain occupational benefits regarding social security ("AOP") and has introduced a definition of "multi-organizer pension schemes" ("MOPS").
Stock options and management companiesDirect grant of stock options to the director of the management company (2)
Supreme Court pronounces on Article 30 AOP: a deficit must be covered, no matter the causeThe Supreme Court ruled in a judgment of 6 March 2017 that the organiser of a pension promise must cover deficits of the vested reserves, as well as deficits regarding the minimum guaranteed return, no matter the causes of the deficits.
Increase in the credit of additional hours for certain part-time employeesIn line with earlier announcements in the framework of the Workable and Agile Work project of Secretary of Employment Kris Peeters, the legislator - in view of more flexibility for certain part-time employees - has increased the so-called "credit of additional hours". An RD of 23 March 2017 (Belgian State Gazette of 5 April 2017) provides the necessary amendments to the RD of 25 June 1990 in this regard. Please also see our newsletter .


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Brill defends FTC's patent policing
FTC Commissioner Julie Brill and a top Qualcomm attorney clashed Thursday over whether companies who agree to license standards-essential patents to enable others to build off their technology ought to be able to seek injunctions if they have a conflict.
Qualcomm Vice President Fabian Gonell questioned the FTC's place to interfere with such litigation at a POLITICO Pro 2012 Technology luncheon. Brill forcefully responded, saying that the FTC has a place "if it has an impact on competition."
Story Continued Below
"When this issue comes up in a competition sense, we will take action because we think there's been some anti-competitive act," Brill said. "It's one thing to go to court and seek an adjudication based on FRAND-encumbered SEPs. It's another thing to lock down the technology that was supposed to be licensed based on FRAND rates."
That framework, set forth in the eBay case and enforced in last month's Bosch ghmB case, was objectionable to Gonell.
"It is troubling that merely seeking an injunction is something that runs afoul of Section 5 when seeking legal redress is protected by the First Amendment," Gonell said.
This article first appeared on POLITICO Pro at 1:29 p.m. on December 13, 2012.