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Based on their whole career, if you were choosing a team which batsman would you choose.
Inzamam ul Haq
Based on their whole career, if you were choosing a team which batsman would you choose.
Anyone who doesn't think Rahul Dravid has accomplished more than any other batsman of the 1990s and 2000s is a dunce of the highest order.
Appreciating cricket's greatest legend ever - HD Bird...............Funniest post (intentionally) ever.....Runner-up.....Third.....Fourthcricket player"; "Bob"), 1/11/1990-15/4/2006
(Accidental) founder of Twenty20 Is Boring Society. Click and post to sign-up.
I don't - AND you called me Einstein yesterday.Originally Posted by Richard
Nigel Clough's Black and White Army, beating Forest away with 10 men
There is many ways you could look at this.
Lara - entertainment
Tendulkar - consistency (most of his career)
Dravid - detemination
sorry..I must be a dunce of the highest order...because I dont think Dravid has accomplished more than say Tendulkar has!!!Originally Posted by Richard
rave down, hit the ground
MSN: email@example.com
Dravid has accomplished nowhere near as much as Lara or Tendulkar or even Ponting.Originally Posted by Richard
Lara -Highest test and first class score, leading test run scorer
Tendulkar - Most test centuries
Ponting - Only player to score a century in both innings of 100th match. Possibly Future leading run scorer and possibly future player with most test centuries.
Dravid - ?
Last edited by oz_fan; 25-03-2006 at 10:02 PM.
The question mark over Dravid, for me, is that he has never really done all that well when both McGrath and Warne have been in the Aussie attack. His average, when those two have been present, is fairly small. Having said that, he's still a magnificent player. I wouldn't put him in the class of Tendulkar and Lara in overall career comparisons. I do think though that he is equal with Ponting and Kallis as the best player at this moment.Originally Posted by oz_fan
Originally Posted by Richard
anyways i reckon ponting is!!!
WCC - Manager of Warwickshire
Lara vs Australia - 52.12 average 9 hundreds 11 fiftiesOriginally Posted by howardj
Dravid vs Australia - 51.03 average 2 hundreds 8 fifties
Tendulkar vs Australia - 53.11 average 7 hundreds 7 fifties
Inzamam vs Australia - 34.08 average 1 hundred 6 fifties
Kallis vs Australia - 35.38 average 2 hundreds 5 fifties
From those statistics you'd have to say that Lara and Tendulkar are at their best playing Australia. Dravid has a good average but hasn't been able to convert fifties to hundreds. Kallis and Inzamam have a dramatic drop in average when playing Australia. Are they overated?
In case you didn't realise, Ponting hasn't actually achieved those things you've mentioned...Originally Posted by oz_fan
hence the fact that he said the word "future"Originally Posted by Dasa
I know but its pretty likely he'll end up at least with the most test centuries.Originally Posted by Dasa
..but he put them under accomplishments. They're clearly not accomplishments if he hasn't done them yet! Thus, it's an utterly stupid reason to rate Ponting higher than Dravid. If you want to make a case from other reasons, that's fine, but rating one higher because he might in the future accomplish something is ridiculous.Originally Posted by Slats4ever
Future isn't "accomplished." It's "will accomplish", or in Ponting's case "might accomplish"Originally Posted by oz_fan
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It's about time I update my hair how-to series, and following up on my 'how to wash your hair' post I thought it would be good to move on the next step – styling your hair.
I intend to do a series of tutorials on more intricate styling soon, but for now, let's stick to the basics – the basic blowdry. The techniques you use will all depend on your hair texture, how much hair you have, etc. Like my first post, a lot of it is pretty self-explanatory, but I'm hoping that some of you might get a few tips from this!
ALWAYS use a heat protecting serum. There are a lot of products out there that don't feel like 'product' on your hair once it's dried, a fave of mine is Redken Anti-snap. It doesn't have a hold factor to it, but your locks will thank you for it!! Then, use a smoothing balm/volumiser if you like. This will depend on your hair, and the end result you want.
Work a bit of volumiser in with your fingers, concentrating on the roots. Start drying your hair, tip your head upside down for even more volume. ALWAYS point the hairdryer's nozzle in the direction of the hairgrowth to smooth the cuticle. If you aim in the opposite way, your hair will have a lot of frizz. Use your fingers as a brush, and pull your hair up and out for maximum volume. Dry your hair this way this way until it's about 60 – 70% dry, then section it off in sections the size of your brush, starting from ear to ear (any bigger and you'll lose tension in your hair)
Blowdry by placing a round brush underneath each section, lifting the hair as you rotate the brush. The hair dryer should be drying from above the section, facing downwards, and not touching the hair. (Quick tip: for even more volume, blowdry the roots of the whole section you separated first, let it cool down properly, and only then carry on to the ends, pointing the nozzle downwards, smoothing the hair as you dry.) Make sure you keep a lot of tension in the hair with the brush, lifting the brush upwards and outwards. Repeat this action a few times.
For curled-in ends, leave the brush to cool facing downwards, with your hair spiralled around it. For a flicked effect, leave the brush to cool down facing upwards. For a more tousled look, let your brush face sideways to cool down, alternating sides with each section. The cooling down stage is almost more important than the blowdrying stage, as it sets the hair.
When you get to the top, and you want even more volume, do the same as before, and instead of leaving the hair to cool down around the brush, take the hair out of the brush and wind it around big velcro rollers like these, making sure the ends are smooth, and not buckled. Leave this in for about 5 – 10 minutes. Spritz your hair with a little bit of hairspray, remove the rollers, tip your head upside down again, switch your hair dryer to a cool setting, and shake out your hair using your fingers whilst setting it with a cool shot of air. Flip your head back up again and finish with a bit of hairspray.
If you have super curly hair, it will be easier to start blowdrying when your hair is wet, rather than rough-drying it first. Comb a little bit of smoothing balm through your hair, making sure put some of the product in your hairline if you have frizzy bits. Section off your hair in small sections, starting from the back. Instead of placing the brush underneath the hair like before, place the brush on top of the hair, securing the hair underneath with your thumb. Again, the roots are the most important aspect. If your roots are smooth, the rest will fall into place easier.
To straighten curly hair, you have to keep tension in the hair to smooth it. Use your thumb on the hand that's holding the brush to keep the tension. If you want minimum volume, instead of lifting the hair, keep on pushing it down. Blowdry each section, keeping the nozzle in a downward direction. With the midlengths and ends, use a combination of holding the brush above the hair and underneath it to smooth it, keeping the dryer nozzle facing downwards. Then, if you want the ends straight instead of curly, keep on rolling the ends as if you want to curl it, but pull it down instead of letting it set in a curl. Smooth your hair with a drop of anti-frizz serum.
If you have a full fringe, start your blowdry by drying this first. After you've applied your chosen heat protectant, section off your fringe. If you want a natural-looking fringe (not too curled under, not too straight) try these tricks: Using a paddle brush, shift your fringe to one side. Start blowdrying, positioning the hair dryer nozzle in the direction you're brushing it. Then alternate it so you brush and dry it in the opposite direction. Focus on the roots as you're doing this. When the roots are dry, section your fringe in two sections, and quickly blowdry the underneath section with a large round brush. Try not to lift it too much, otherwise you'll get too much volume. Repeat this step with the top section.
I hope these tips have helped a few of you, feel free to add your favourite tips in the comments section below!

subset: commoncrawl


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Tuesday, February 2, 2010
Finally! The "Who Do You Think You Are" is Coming On March 5
6 comments:
- Myrt said...
Host a "VIEWING PARTY"? That is a simply AWESOME idea.
Also post comments on the WDYTYA area at NBC.com. You'll find it under "community".
ALSO there is a Facebook page for the show: http://www.facebook.com/nbcwdytya?ref=nf
- February 2, 2010 at 9:52 PM
- Elyse said...
1.) I just did a little happy dance because you left a comment on my blog and it totally made my day.
2.) Great idea about leaving comments on the WDYTYA website. I never even thought about that.
3.) Thanks for showing the Facebook page.
- February 2, 2010 at 10:11 PM
- Anonymous said...
I am very excited about the show as well. I am planning on promoting it on my facebook page. I like the idea of a viewing party, I might try that as well. I have this gut feeling that the show is going to start a new wave of interest in genealogy. Does anyone know who is going to be advertising during the show? I assume Ancestry will. As a young genealogists (10 year veteran at age 27), I am hoping it will make genealogy "cool" for my generation. We as young people should be collecting information about our families now while many of our "elders" are still living.
Thanks for the post.
Jonathan Medford
- February 3, 2010 at 6:16 AM
- Brian said...
Great post. It's exactly how I felt watching the shows. I found a few of the UK and AU ones on YouTube and other places. I can get very interested in any person's personal genealogy journey, even if they aren't a celebrity (and some of the AU people I've never even heard of.)
Hopefully, it's gets a good audience.
- February 3, 2010 at 1:59 PM
- Anonymous said...
Hi Elyse
I live in the UK and have been fortunate enough to watch (and purchase available dvd's - which i think are available in us format as well)
They are fantastic programmes - if anyone has a change to find it, Jerry Springer did an episode for the BBC, i'm sure if you contact NBC, they may screen it
- February 5, 2010 at 10:14 AM
- Anonymous said...
I didn't even know it existed! I'm writing this down on my list of shows to watch.
- February 10, 2010 at 6:40 PM


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Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. 6, by Edward Gibbon, [1788], at sacred-texts.com
The most learned Italians of the fifteenth century have confessed and applauded the restoration of Greek literature, after a long oblivion of many hundred years. 85 Yet in that country, and beyond the Alps, some names are quoted; some profound scholars, who in the darker ages were honorably distinguished by their knowledge of the Greek tongue; and national vanity has been loud in the praise of such rare examples of erudition. Without scrutinizing the merit of individuals, truth must observe, that their science is without a cause, and without an effect; that it was easy for them to satisfy themselves and their more ignorant contemporaries; and that the idiom, which they had so marvellously acquired was transcribed in few manuscripts, and was not taught in any university of the West. In a corner of Italy, it faintly existed as the popular, or at least as the ecclesiastical dialect. 86 The first impression of the Doric and Ionic colonies has never been completely erased: the Calabrian churches were long attached to the throne of Constantinople: and the monks of St. Basil pursued their studies in Mount Athos and the schools of the East. Calabria was the native country of Barlaam, who has already appeared as a sectary and an ambassador; and Barlaam was the first who revived, beyond the Alps, the memory, or at least the writings, of Homer. 87 He is described, by Petrarch and Boccace, 88 as a man of diminutive stature, though truly great in the measure of learning and genius; of a piercing discernment, though of a slow and painful elocution. For many ages (as they affirm) Greece had not produced his equal in the knowledge of history, grammar, and philosophy; and his merit was celebrated in the attestations of the princes and doctors of Constantinople. One of these attestations is still extant; and the emperor Cantacuzene, the protector of his adversaries, is forced to allow, that Euclid, Aristotle, and Plato, were familiar to that profound and subtle logician. 89 In the court of Avignon, he formed an intimate connection with Petrarch, 90 the first of the Latin scholars; and the desire of mutual instruction was the principle of their literary commerce. The Tuscan applied himself with eager curiosity and assiduous diligence to the study of the Greek language; and in a laborious struggle with the dryness and difficulty of the first rudiments, he began to reach the sense, and to feel the spirit, of poets and philosophers, whose minds were congenial to his own. But he was soon deprived of the society and lessons of this useful assistant: Barlaam relinquished his fruitless embassy; and, on his return to Greece, he rashly provoked the swarms of fanatic monks, by attempting to substitute the light of reason to that of their navel. After a separation of three years, the two friends again met in the court of Naples: but the generous pupil renounced the fairest occasion of improvement; and by his recommendation Barlaam was finally settled in a small bishopric of his native Calabria. 91 The manifold avocations of Petrarch, love and friendship, his various correspondence and frequent journeys, the Roman laurel, and his elaborate compositions in prose and verse, in Latin and Italian, diverted him from a foreign idiom; and as he advanced in life, the attainment of the Greek language was the object of his wishes rather than of his hopes. When he was about fifty years of age, a Byzantine ambassador, his friend, and a master of both tongues, presented him with a copy of Homer; and the answer of Petrarch is at one expressive of his eloquence, gratitude, and regret. After celebrating the generosity of the donor, and the value of a gift more precious in his estimation than gold or rubies, he thus proceeds: "Your present of the genuine and original text of the divine poet, the fountain of all inventions, is worthy of yourself and of me: you have fulfilled your promise, and satisfied my desires. Yet your liberality is still imperfect: with Homer you should have given me yourself; a guide, who could lead me into the fields of light, and disclose to my wondering eyes the spacious miracles of the Iliad and Odyssey. But, alas! Homer is dumb, or I am deaf; nor is it in my power to enjoy the beauty which I possess. I have seated him by the side of Plato, the prince of poets near the prince of philosophers; and I glory in the sight of my illustrious guests. Of their immortal writings, whatever had been translated into the Latin idiom, I had already acquired; but, if there be no profit, there is some pleasure, in beholding these venerable Greeks in their proper and national habit. I am delighted with the aspect of Homer; and as often as I embrace the silent volume, I exclaim with a sigh, Illustrious bard! with what pleasure should I listen to thy song, if my sense of hearing were not obstructed and lost by the death of one friend, and in the much-lamented absence of another. Nor do I yet despair; and the example of Cato suggests some comfort and hope, since it was in the last period of age that he attained the knowledge of the Greek letters." 92
The prize which eluded the efforts of Petrarch, was obtained by the fortune and industry of his friend Boccace, 93 the father of the Tuscan prose. That popular writer, who derives his reputation from the Decameron, a hundred novels of pleasantry and love, may aspire to the more serious praise of restoring in Italy the study of the Greek language. In the year one thousand three hundred and sixty, a disciple of Barlaam, whose name was Leo, or Leontius Pilatus, was detained in his way to Avignon by the advice and hospitality of Boccace, who lodged the stranger in his house, prevailed on the republic of Florence to allow him an annual stipend, and devoted his leisure to the first Greek professor, who taught that language in the Western countries of Europe. The appearance of Leo might disgust the most eager disciple, he was clothed in the mantle of a philosopher, or a mendicant; his countenance was hideous; his face was overshadowed with black hair; his beard long an uncombed; his deportment rustic; his temper gloomy and inconstant; nor could he grace his discourse with the ornaments, or even the perspicuity, of Latin elocution. But his mind was stored with a treasure of Greek learning: history and fable, philosophy and grammar, were alike at his command; and he read the poems of Homer in the schools of Florence. It was from his explanation that Boccace composed *_0048 and transcribed a literal prose version of the Iliad and Odyssey, which satisfied the thirst of his friend Petrarch, and which, perhaps, in the succeeding century, was clandestinely used by Laurentius Valla, the Latin interpreter. It was from his narratives that the same Boccace collected the materials for his treatise on the genealogy of the heathen gods, a work, in that age, of stupendous erudition, and which he ostentatiously sprinkled with Greek characters and passages, to excite the wonder and applause of his more ignorant readers. 94 The first steps of learning are slow and laborious; no more than ten votaries of Homer could be enumerated in all Italy; and neither Rome, nor Venice, nor Naples, could add a single name to this studious catalogue. But their numbers would have multiplied, their progress would have been accelerated, if the inconstant Leo, at the end of three years, had not relinquished an honorable and beneficial station. In his passage, Petrarch entertained him at Padua a short time: he enjoyed the scholar, but was justly offended with the gloomy and unsocial temper of the man. Discontented with the world and with himself, Leo depreciated his present enjoyments, while absent persons and objects were dear to his imagination. In Italy he was a Thessalian, in Greece a native of Calabria: in the company of the Latins he disdained their language, religion, and manners: no sooner was he landed at Constantinople, than he again sighed for the wealth of Venice and the elegance of Florence. His Italian friends were deaf to his importunity: he depended on their curiosity and indulgence, and embarked on a second voyage; but on his entrance into the Adriatic, the ship was assailed by a tempest, and the unfortunate teacher, who like Ulysses had fastened himself to the mast, was struck dead by a flash of lightning. The humane Petrarch dropped a tear on his disaster; but he was most anxious to learn whether some copy of Euripides or Sophocles might not be saved from the hands of the mariners. 95
But the faint rudiments of Greek learning, which Petrarch had encouraged and Boccace had planted, soon withered and expired. The succeeding generation was content for a while with the improvement of Latin eloquence; nor was it before the end of the fourteenth century that a new and perpetual flame was rekindled in Italy. 96 Previous to his own journey the emperor Manuel despatched his envoys and orators to implore the compassion of the Western princes. Of these envoys, the most conspicuous, or the most learned, was Manuel Chrysoloras, 97 of noble birth, and whose Roman ancestors are supposed to have migrated with the great Constantine. After visiting the courts of France and England, where he obtained some contributions and more promises, the envoy was invited to assume the office of a professor; and Florence had again the honor of this second invitation. By his knowledge, not only of the Greek, but of the Latin tongue, Chrysoloras deserved the stipend, and surpassed the expectation, of the republic. His school was frequented by a crowd of disciples of every rank and age; and one of these, in a general history, has described his motives and his success. "At that time," says Leonard Aretin, 98 "I was a student of the civil law; but my soul was inflamed with the love of letters; and I bestowed some application on the sciences of logic and rhetoric. On the arrival of Manuel, I hesitated whether I should desert my legal studies, or relinquish this golden opportunity; and thus, in the ardor of youth, I communed with my own mind - Wilt thou be wanting to thyself and thy fortune? Wilt thou refuse to be introduced to a familiar converse with Homer, Plato, and Demosthenes; with those poets, philosophers, and orators, of whom such wonders are related, and who are celebrated by every age as the great masters of human science? Of professors and scholars in civil law, a sufficient supply will always be found in our universities; but a teacher, and such a teacher, of the Greek language, if he once be suffered to escape, may never afterwards be retrieved. Convinced by these reasons, I gave myself to Chrysoloras; and so strong was my passion, that the lessons which I had imbibed in the day were the constant object of my nightly dreams." 99 At the same time and place, the Latin classics were explained by John of Ravenna, the domestic pupil of Petrarch; 100 the Italians, who illustrated their age and country, were formed in this double school; and Florence became the fruitful seminary of Greek and Roman erudition. 101 The presence of the emperor recalled Chrysoloras from the college to the court; but he afterwards taught at Pavia and Rome with equal industry and applause. The remainder of his life, about fifteen years, was divided between Italy and Constantinople, between embassies and lessons. In the noble office of enlightening a foreign nation, the grammarian was not unmindful of a more sacred duty to his prince and country; and Emanuel Chrysoloras died at Constance on a public mission from the emperor to the council.
After his example, the restoration of the Greek letters in Italy was prosecuted by a series of emigrants, who were destitute of fortune, and endowed with learning, or at least with language. From the terror or oppression of the Turkish arms, the natives of Thessalonica and Constantinople escaped to a land of freedom, curiosity, and wealth. The synod introduced into Florence the lights of the Greek church, and the oracles of the Platonic philosophy; and the fugitives who adhered to the union, had the double merit of renouncing their country, not only for the Christian, but for the catholic cause. A patriot, who sacrifices his party and conscience to the allurements of favor, may be possessed, however, of the private and social virtues: he no longer hears the reproachful epithets of slave and apostate; and the consideration which he acquires among his new associates will restore in his own eyes the dignity of his character. The prudent conformity of Bessarion was rewarded with the Roman purple: he fixed his residence in Italy; and the Greek cardinal, the titular patriarch of Constantinople, was respected as the chief and protector of his nation: 102 his abilities were exercised in the legations of Bologna, Venice, Germany, and France; and his election to the chair of St. Peter floated for a moment on the uncertain breath of a conclave. 103 His ecclesiastical honors diffused a splendor and preeminence over his literary merit and service: his palace was a school; as often as the cardinal visited the Vatican, he was attended by a learned train of both nations; 104 of men applauded by themselves and the public; and whose writings, now overspread with dust, were popular and useful in their own times. I shall not attempt to enumerate the restorers of Grecian literature in the fifteenth century; and it may be sufficient to mention with gratitude the names of Theodore Gaza, of George of Trebizond, of John Argyropulus, and Demetrius Chalcocondyles, who taught their native language in the schools of Florence and Rome. Their labors were not inferior to those of Bessarion, whose purple they revered, and whose fortune was the secret object of their envy. But the lives of these grammarians were humble and obscure: they had declined the lucrative paths of the church; their dress and manners secluded them from the commerce of the world; and since they were confined to the merit, they might be content with the rewards, of learning. From this character, Janus Lascaris 105 will deserve an exception. His eloquence, politeness, and Imperial descent, recommended him to the French monarch; and in the same cities he was alternately employed to teach and to negotiate. Duty and interest prompted them to cultivate the study of the Latin language; and the most successful attained the faculty of writing and speaking with fluency and elegance in a foreign idiom. But they ever retained the inveterate vanity of their country: their praise, or at least their esteem, was reserved for the national writers, to whom they owed their fame and subsistence; and they sometimes betrayed their contempt in licentious criticism or satire on Virgil's poetry, and the oratory of Tully. 106 The superiority of these masters arose from the familiar use of a living language; and their first disciples were incapable of discerning how far they had degenerated from the knowledge, and even the practice of their ancestors. A vicious pronunciation, 107 which they introduced, was banished from the schools by the reason of the succeeding age. Of the power of the Greek accents they were ignorant; and those musical notes, which, from an Attic tongue, and to an Attic ear, must have been the secret soul of harmony, were to their eyes, as to our own, no more than minute and unmeaning marks, in prose superfluous and troublesome in verse. The art of grammar they truly possessed; the valuable fragments of Apollonius and Herodian were transfused into their lessons; and their treatises of syntax and etymology, though devoid of philosophic spirit, are still useful to the Greek student. In the shipwreck of the Byzantine libraries, each fugitive seized a fragment of treasure, a copy of some author, who without his industry might have perished: the transcripts were multiplied by an assiduous, and sometimes an elegant pen; and the text was corrected and explained by their own comments, or those of the elder scholiasts. The sense, though not the spirit, of the Greek classics, was interpreted to the Latin world: the beauties of style evaporate in a version; but the judgment of Theodore Gaza selected the more solid works of Aristotle and Theophrastus, and their natural histories of animals and plants opened a rich fund of genuine and experimental science.
Yet the fleeting shadows of metaphysics were pursued with more curiosity and ardor. After a long oblivion, Plato was revived in Italy by a venerable Greek, 108 who taught in the house of Cosmo of Medicis. While the synod of Florence was involved in theological debate, some beneficial consequences might flow from the study of his elegant philosophy: his style is the purest standard of the Attic dialect, and his sublime thoughts are sometimes adapted to familiar conversation, and sometimes adorned with the richest colors of poetry and eloquence. The dialogues of Plato are a dramatic picture of the life and death of a sage; and, as often as he descends from the clouds, his moral system inculcates the love of truth, of our country, and of mankind. The precept and example of Socrates recommended a modest doubt and liberal inquiry; and if the Platonists, with blind devotion, adored the visions and errors of their divine master, their enthusiasm might correct the dry, dogmatic method of the Peripatetic school. So equal, yet so opposite, are the merits of Plato and Aristotle, that they may be balanced in endless controversy; but some spark of freedom may be produced by the collision of adverse servitude. The modern Greeks were divided between the two sects: with more fury than skill they fought under the banner of their leaders; and the field of battle was removed in their flight from Constantinople to Rome. But this philosophical debate soon degenerated into an angry and personal quarrel of grammarians; and Bessarion, though an advocate for Plato, protected the national honor, by interposing the advice and authority of a mediator. In the gardens of the Medici, the academical doctrine was enjoyed by the polite and learned: but their philosophic society was quickly dissolved; and if the writings of the Attic sage were perused in the closet, the more powerful Stagyrite continued to reign, the oracle of the church and school. 109
I have fairly represented the literary merits of the Greeks; yet it must be confessed, that they were seconded and surpassed by the ardor of the Latins. Italy was divided into many independent states; and at that time it was the ambition of princes and republics to vie with each other in the encouragement and reward of literature. The fame of Nicholas the Fifth 110 has not been adequate to his merits. From a plebeian origin he raised himself by his virtue and learning: the character of the man prevailed over the interest of the pope; and he sharpened those weapons which were soon pointed against the Roman church. 111 He had been the friend of the most eminent scholars of the age: he became their patron; and such was the humility of his manners, that the change was scarcely discernible either to them or to himself. If he pressed the acceptance of a liberal gift, it was not as the measure of desert, but as the proof of benevolence; and when modest merit declined his bounty, "Accept it," would he say, with a consciousness of his own worth: "ye will not always have a Nicholas among you." The influence of the holy see pervaded Christendom; and he exerted that influence in the search, not of benefices, but of books. From the ruins of the Byzantine libraries, from the darkest monasteries of Germany and Britain, he collected the dusty manuscripts of the writers of antiquity; and wherever the original could not be removed, a faithful copy was transcribed and transmitted for his use. The Vatican, the old repository for bulls and legends, for superstition and forgery, was daily replenished with more precious furniture; and such was the industry of Nicholas, that in a reign of eight years he formed a library of five thousand volumes. To his munificence the Latin world was indebted for the versions of Xenophon, Diodorus, Polybius, Thucydides, Herodotus, and Appian; of Strabo's Geography, of the Iliad, of the most valuable works of Plato and Aristotle, of Ptolemy and Theophrastus, and of the fathers of the Greek church. The example of the Roman pontiff was preceded or imitated by a Florentine merchant, who governed the republic without arms and without a title. Cosmo of Medicis 112 was the father of a line of princes, whose name and age are almost synonymous with the restoration of learning: his credit was ennobled into fame; his riches were dedicated to the service of mankind; he corresponded at once with Cairo and London: and a cargo of Indian spices and Greek books was often imported in the same vessel. The genius and education of his grandson Lorenzo rendered him not only a patron, but a judge and candidate, in the literary race. In his pallace, distress was entitled to relief, and merit to reward: his leisure hours were delightfully spent in the Platonic academy; he encouraged the emulation of Demetrius Chalcocondyles and Angelo Politian; and his active missionary Janus Lascaris returned from the East with a treasure of two hundred manuscripts, fourscore of which were as yet unknown in the libraries of Europe. 113 The rest of Italy was animated by a similar spirit, and the progress of the nation repaid the liberality of their princes. The Latins held the exclusive property of their own literature; and these disciples of Greece were soon capable of transmitting and improving the lessons which they had imbibed. After a short succession of foreign teachers, the tide of emigration subsided; but the language of Constantinople was spread beyond the Alps and the natives of France, Germany, and England, 114 imparted to their country the sacred fire which they had kindled in the schools of Florence and Rome. 115 In the productions of the mind, as in those of the soil, the gifts of nature are excelled by industry and skill: the Greek authors, forgotten on the banks of the Ilissus, have been illustrated on those of the Elbe and the Thames: and Bessarion or Gaza might have envied the superior science of the Barbarians; the accuracy of Budaeus, the taste of Erasmus, the copiousness of Stephens, the erudition of Scaliger, the discernment of Reiske, or of Bentley. On the side of the Latins, the discovery of printing was a casual advantage: but this useful art has been applied by Aldus, and his innumerable successors, to perpetuate and multiply the works of antiquity. 116 A single manuscript imported from Greece is revived in ten thousand copies; and each copy is fairer than the original. In this form, Homer and Plato would peruse with more satisfaction their own writings; and their scholiasts must resign the prize to the labors of our Western editors.
Before the revival of classic literature, the Barbarians in Europe were immersed in ignorance; and their vulgar tongues were marked with the rudeness and poverty of their manners. The students of the more perfect idioms of Rome and Greece were introduced to a new world of light and science; to the society of the free and polished nations of antiquity; and to a familiar converse with those immortal men who spoke the sublime language of eloquence and reason. Such an intercourse must tend to refine the taste, and to elevate the genius, of the moderns; and yet, from the first experiments, it might appear that the study of the ancients had given fetters, rather than wings, to the human mind. However laudable, the spirit of imitation is of a servile cast; and the first disciples of the Greeks and Romans were a colony of strangers in the midst of their age and country. The minute and laborious diligence which explored the antiquities of remote times might have improved or adorned the present state of society, the critic and metaphysician were the slaves of Aristotle; the poets, historians, and orators, were proud to repeat the thoughts and words of the Augustan age: the works of nature were observed with the eyes of Pliny and Theophrastus; and some Pagan votaries professed a secret devotion to the gods of Homer and Plato. 117 The Italians were oppressed by the strength and number of their ancient auxiliaries: the century after the deaths of Petrarch and Boccace was filled with a crowd of Latin imitators, who decently repose on our shelves; but in that aera of learning it will not be easy to discern a real discovery of science, a work of invention or eloquence, in the popular language of the country. 118 But as soon as it had been deeply saturated with the celestial dew, the soil was quickened into vegetation and life; the modern idioms were refined; the classics of Athens and Rome inspired a pure taste and a generous emulation; and in Italy, as afterwards in France and England, the pleasing reign of poetry and fiction was succeeded by the light of speculative and experimental philosophy. Genius may anticipate the season of maturity; but in the education of a people, as in that of an individual, memory must be exercised, before the powers of reason and fancy can be expanded: nor may the artist hope to equal or surpass, till he has learned to imitate, the works of his predecessors.
85 Of those writers who professedly treat of the restoration of the Greek learning in Italy, the two principal are Hodius, Dr. Humphrey Hody, (de Graecis Illustribus, Linguae Graecae Literarumque humaniorum Instauratoribus; Londini, 1742, in large octavo,) and Tiraboschi, (Istoria della Letteratura Italiana, tom. v. p. 364 - 377, tom. vii. p. 112 - 143.) The Oxford professor is a laborious scholar, but the librarian of Modema enjoys the superiority of a modern and national historian.
86 In Calabria quae olim magna Graecia dicebatur, coloniis Graecis repleta, remansit quaedam linguae veteris, cognitio, (Hodius, p. 2.) If it were eradicated by the Romans, it was revived and perpetuated by the monks of St. Basil, who possessed seven convents at Rossano alone, (Giannone, Istoria di Napoli, tom. i. p. 520.)
87 Ii Barbari (says Petrarch, the French and Germans) vix, non dicam libros sed nomen Homeri audiverunt. Perhaps, in that respect, the xiiith century was less happy than the age of Charlemagne.
88 See the character of Barlaam, in Boccace de Genealog. Deorum, l. xv. c. 6.
89 Cantacuzen. l. ii. c. 36.
90 For the connection of Petrarch and Barlaam, and the two interviews at Avignon in 1339, and at Naples in 1342, see the excellent Memoires sur la Vie de Petrarque, tom. i. p. 406 - 410, tom. ii. p. 74 - 77.
91 The bishopric to which Barlaam retired, was the old Locri, in the middle ages. Scta. Cyriaca, and by corruption Hieracium, Gerace, (Dissert. Chorographica Italiae Medii Aevi, p. 312.) The dives opum of the Norman times soon lapsed into poverty, since even the church was poor: yet the town still contains 3000 inhabitants, (Swinburne, p. 340.)
92 I will transcribe a passage from this epistle of Petrarch, (Famil. ix. 2;) Donasti Homerum non in alienum sermonem Alienum sermonen violento alveo derivatum, sed ex ipsis Graeci eloquii scatebris, et qualis divino illi profluxit ingenio . . . . Sine tua voce Homerus tuus apud me mutus, immo vero ego apud illum surdus sum. Gaudeo tamen vel adspectu solo, ac saepe illum amplexus atque suspirans dico, O magne vir, &c.
93 For the life and writings of Boccace, who was born in 1313, and died in 1375, Fabricius (Bibliot. Latin. Medii Aevi, tom. i. p. 248, &c.) and Tiraboschi (tom. v. p. 83, 439 - 451) may be consulted. The editions, versions, imitations of his novels, are innumerable. Yet he was ashamed to communicate that trifling, and perhaps scandalous, work to Petrarch, his respectable friend, in whose letters and memoirs he conspicuously appears.
*_0048 This translation of Homer was by Pilatus, not by Boccacio. See Halleza, Hist. of Lit. vol. i. p. 132. - M.
94 Boccace indulges an honest vanity: Ostentationis causa Graeca carmina adscripsi . . . . jure utor meo; meum est hoc decus, mea gloria scilicet inter Etruscos Graecis uti carminibus. Nonne ego fui qui Leontium Pilatum, &c., (de Genealogia Deorum, l. xv. c. 7, a work which, though now forgotten, has run through thirteen or fourteen editions.)
95 Leontius, or Leo Pilatus, is sufficiently made known by Hody, (p. 2 - 11,) and the abbe de Sade, (Vie de Petrarque, tom. iii. p. 625 - 634, 670 - 673,) who has very happily caught the lively and dramatic manner of his original.
96 Dr. Hody (p. 54) is angry with Leonard Aretin, Guarinus, Paulus Jovius, &c., for affirming, that the Greek letters were restored in Italy post septingentos annos; as if, says he, they had flourished till the end of the viith century. These writers most probably reckoned from the last period of the exarchate; and the presence of the Greek magistrates and troops at Ravenna and Rome must have preserved, in some degree, the use of their native tongue.
97 See the article of Emanuel, or Manuel Chrysoloras, in Hody (p 12 - 54) and Tiraboschi, (tom. vii. p. 113 - 118.) The precise date of his arrival floats between the years 1390 and 1400, and is only confined by the reign of Boniface IX.
98 The name of Aretinus has been assumed by five or six natives of Arezzo in Tuscany, of whom the most famous and the most worthless lived in the xvith century. Leonardus Brunus Aretinus, the disciple of Chrysoloras, was a linguist, an orator, and an historian, the secretary of four successive popes, and the chancellor of the republic of Florence, where he died A.D. 1444, at the age of seventy-five, (Fabric. Bibliot. Medii Aevi, tom. i. p. 190 &c. Tiraboschi, tom. vii. p. 33 - 38)
99 See the passage in Aretin. Commentario Rerum suo Tempore in Italia gestarum, apud Hodium, p. 28 - 30.
100 In this domestic discipline, Petrarch, who loved the youth, often complains of the eager curiosity, restless temper, and proud feelings, which announce the genius and glory of a riper age, (Memoires sur Petrarque, tom. iii. p. 700 - 709.)
101 Hinc Graecae Latinaeque scholae exortae sunt, Guarino Philelpho, Leonardo Aretino, Caroloque, ac plerisque aliis tanquam ex equo Trojano prodeuntibus, quorum emulatione multa ingenia deinceps ad laudem excitata sunt, (Platina in Bonifacio IX.) Another Italian writer adds the names of Paulus Petrus Vergerius, Omnibonus Vincentius, Poggius, Franciscus Barbarus, &c. But I question whether a rigid chronology would allow Chrysoloras all these eminent scholars, (Hodius, p. 25 - 27, &c.)
102 See in Hody the article of Bessarion, (p. 136 - 177.) Theodore Gaza, George of Trebizond, aud the rest of the Greeks whom I have named or omitted, are inserted in their proper chapters of his learned work. See likewise Tiraboschi, in the 1st and 2d parts of the vith tome.
103 The cardinals knocked at his door, but his conclavist refused to interrupt the studies of Bessarion: "Nicholas," said he, "thy respect has cost thee a hat, and me the tiara."
Note: Roscoe (Life of Lorenzo de Medici, vol. i. p. 75) considers that Hody has refuted this "idle tale." - M.
104 Such as George of Trebizond, Theodore Gaza, Argyropulus, Andronicus of Thessalonica, Philelphus, Poggius, Blondus, Nicholas Perrot, Valla, Campanus, Platina, &c. Viri (says Hody, with the pious zeal of a scholar) nullo aevo perituri, p. 156.)
105 He was born before the taking of Constantinople, but his honorable life was stretched far into the xvith century, (A.D. 1535.) Leo X. and Francis I. were his noblest patrons, under whose auspices he founded the Greek colleges of Rome and Paris, (Hody, p. 247 - 275.) He left posterity in France; but the counts de Vintimille, and their numerous branches, derive the name of Lascaris from a doubtful marriage in the xiiith century with the daughter of a Greek emperor (Ducange, Fam. Byzant. p. 224 - 230.)
106 Two of his epigrams against Virgil, and three against Tully, are preserved and refuted by Franciscus Floridus, who can find no better names than Graeculus ineptus et impudens, (Hody, p. 274.) In our own times, an English critic has accused the Aeneid of containing multa languida, nugatoria, spiritu et majestate carminis heroici defecta; many such verses as he, the said Jeremiah Markland, would have been ashamed of owning, (praefat. ad Statii Sylvas, p. 21, 22.)
107 Emanuel Chrysoloras, and his colleagues, are accused of ignorance, envy, or avarice, (Sylloge, &c., tom. ii. p. 235.) The modern Greeks pronounce it as a V consonant, and confound three vowels, and several diphthongs. Such was the vulgar pronunciation which the stern Gardiner maintained by penal statutes in the university of Cambridge: but the monosyllable represented to an Attic ear the bleating of sheep, and a bellwether is better evidence than a bishop or a chancellor. The treatises of those scholars, particularly Erasmus, who asserted a more classical pronunciation, are collected in the Sylloge of Havercamp, (2 vols. in octavo, Lugd. Bat. 1736, 1740:) but it is difficult to paint sounds by words: and in their reference to modern use, they can be understood only by their respective countrymen. We may observe, that our peculiar pronunciation of the O, th, is approved by Erasmus, (tom. ii. p. 130.)
108 George Gemistus Pletho, a various and voluminous writer, the master of Bessarion, and all the Platonists of the times. He visited Italy in his old age, and soon returned to end his days in Peloponnesus. See the curious Diatribe of Leo Allatius de Georgiis, in Fabricius. (Bibliot. Graec. tom. x. p. 739 - 756.)
109 The state of the Platonic philosophy in Italy is illustrated by Boivin, (Mem. de l'Acad. des Inscriptions, tom. ii. p. 715 - 729,) and Tiraboschi, (tom. vi. P. i. p. 259 - 288.)
110 See the Life of Nicholas V. by two contemporary authors, Janottus Manettus, (tom. iii. P. ii. p. 905 - 962,) and Vespasian of Florence, (tom. xxv. p. 267 - 290,) in the collection of Muratori; and consult Tiraboschi, (tom. vi. P. i. p. 46 - 52, 109,) and Hody in the articles of Theodore Gaza, George of Trebizond, &c.
111 Lord Bolingbroke observes, with truth and spirit, that the popes in this instance, were worse politicians than the muftis, and that the charm which had bound mankind for so many ages was broken by the magicians themselves, (Letters on the Study of History, l. vi. p. 165, 166, octavo edition, 1779.)
112 See the literary history of Cosmo and Lorenzo of Medicis, in Tiraboschi, (tom. vi. P. i. l. i. c. 2,) who bestows a due measure of praise on Alphonso of Arragon, king of Naples, the dukes of Milan, Ferrara Urbino, &c. The republic of Venice has deserved the least from the gratitude of scholars.
113 Tiraboschi, (tom. vi. P. i. p. 104,) from the preface of Janus Lascaris to the Greek Anthology, printed at Florence, 1494. Latebant (says Aldus in his preface to the Greek orators, apud Hodium, p. 249) in Atho Thraciae monte. Eas Larcaris . . . . in Italiam reportavit. Miserat enim ipsum Laurentius ille Medices in Graeciam ad inquirendos simul, et quantovis emendos pretio bonos libros. It is remarkable enough, that the research was facilitated by Sultan Bajazet II.
114 The Greek language was introduced into the university of Oxford in the last years of the xvth century, by Grocyn, Linacer, and Latimer, who had all studied at Florence under Demetrius Chalcocondyles. See Dr. Knight's curious Life of Erasmus. Although a stout academical patriot, he is forced to acknowledge that Erasmus learned Greek at Oxford, and taught it at Cambridge.
115 The jealous Italians were desirous of keeping a monopoly of Greek learning. When Aldus was about to publish the Greek scholiasts on Sophocles and Euripides, Cave, (said they,) cave hoc facias, ne Barbari istis adjuti domi maneant, et pauciores in Italiam ventitent, (Dr. Knight, in his Life of Erasmus, p. 365, from Beatus Rhemanus.)
116 The press of Aldus Manutius, a Roman, was established at Venice about the year 1494: he printed above sixty considerable works of Greek literature, almost all for the first time; several containing different treatises and authors, and of several authors, two, three, or four editions, (Fabric. Bibliot. Graec. tom. xiii. p. 605, &c.) Yet his glory must not tempt us to forget, that the first Greek book, the Grammar of Constantine Lascaris, was printed at Milan in 1476; and that the Florence Homer of 1488 displays all the luxury of the typographical art. See the Annales Typographical of Mattaire, and the Bibliographie Instructive of De Bure, a knowing bookseller of Paris.
117 I will select three singular examples of this classic enthusiasm. I. At the synod of Florence, Gemistus Pletho said, in familiar conversation to George of Trebizond, that in a short time mankind would unanimously renounce the Gospel and the Koran, for a religion similar to that of the Gentiles, (Leo Allatius, apud Fabricium, tom. x. p. 751.) 2. Paul II. persecuted the Roman academy, which had been founded by Pomponius Laetus; and the principal members were accused of heresy, impiety, and paganism, (Tiraboschi, tom. vi. P. i. p. 81, 82.) 3. In the next century, some scholars and poets in France celebrated the success of Jodelle's tragedy of Cleopatra, by a festival of Bacchus, and, as it is said, by the sacrifice of a goat, (Bayle, Dictionnaire, Jodelle. Fontenelle, tom. iii. p. 56 - 61.) Yet the spirit of bigotry might often discern a serious impiety in the sportive play of fancy and learning.
118 The survivor Boccace died in the year 1375; and we cannot place before 1480 the composition of the Morgante Maggiore of Pulo and the Orlando Innamorato of Boyardo, (Tiraboschi, tom. vi. P. ii. p. 174 - 177.)


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Replace the flap on your Petporte smart flap® Microchip Cat Flap (100 series).
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Mid Jump shots are in nowadays, didn't you know?
Photo Credits: Bethany Struble
You know when you have a friend and you just know that you'll be friends with that person for a long time? Well Jace T. is not one of those people. JUST KIDDING, he is. Jace has been busy for a long long time and so he came by to hangout and we decided to shoot his current look. Bethany of course decided it'd be funny to shoot our glorious greeting lol.
Have a great Holiday, I love you guys!


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Ex-Student Accused of Lindenwood Leaks
ST. CHARLES, Mo. (AP) -- A St. Charles man is facing misdemeanor charges of computer-related tampering for allegedly taking confidential information about Lindenwood University students and publishing it online. Charges were filed Monday against Addison Richard Todd, a former Lindenwood student.
The St. Louis Post-Dispatch reports that in March, an anonymous source began using Twitter and a Web-based file-sharing site to release confidential information, including a list of more than 180 students who had been suspended the previous semester. Student phone numbers, Social Security numbers, email addresses and grade-point averages were also posted.
Investigators suspected Todd early on but spent months working through courts to gain records from Twitter and other sources to establish an electronic trail. School officials say Todd is no longer a student there.


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CO-OPS station 8727520: CEDAR KEY, GULF OF MEXICO 1-minute Raw Tsunami Water Level Data
CO-OPS has been involved with tsunami warning and mitigation since the Coast and Geodetic Survey started the Tsunami Warning System in 1948 to provide warnings to the Hawaiian Islands. After the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, CO-OPS was tasked to coordinate with the NOAA Tsunami Warning Centers in upgrading existing stations with new Data Collection Platform (DCP) and communications technology and with expanding the tsunami warning capabilities of the National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON). Work began in 2005 to upgrade 33 existing water level stations and install 16 new stations from the Pacific Ocean to the Caribbean Sea by October 2006. As of September 2006, all 33 upgrades are complete, as well as 15 of the 16 new installations. As of October 2006, the NWLON consist of 196 long-term water level stations along all U.S. coasts, including the Great Lakes, Alaska, Hawaii, the Pacific Ocean Island Territories, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (formerly National Geophysical Data Center) serves as the archive center for these data and provides the historical data to users.
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Lighthouses & Ships
|BACKGROUND INFORMATION about this section
The information presented in this section of the Coast Guard Wive's Website was found at the U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office and has been replicated here with the pictures resized to allow for easier viewing. We found the information under the Lighthouses & Lightships section and it took us close to an hour on an Internet Frame Relay to receive it. On a 28.8 or 33.6 modem that translates to about 3.5 hours. It was in the section labeled Teachers: a Guide to Teaching About Lighthouses, Kindergarten Through the Fourth Grade.
While attempting to view the information, we discovered that it took FAR FAR too long to receive the whole document since the pictures were not optimized for the internet but we felt that many are interested in this topic and rightly so since it is a large part of Coast Guard history. We want to ensure everyone understands that we simply replicated the information and have not modified it beyond making it fit into the necessary space and optimizing the photographs.
Throughout this section, if you wish to view the larger image, simply click on the image displayed. A new window will open allowing the picture to be displayed in it's entirety.
One final note, we take NO credit for the information creation.
BJ n Cindy
|The U.S. Lighthouse Society originally designed this packet to furnish teachers with basic information about lighthouses, their purpose, history, operation and technology in a form presentable to young students. with the society's permission the U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office is posting this modified version with additional photographs and information.
The U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office would like to thank Mr. Wayne Wheeler and the other members of The U.S. Lighthouse Society who produced and distributed the original version of this curriculum.
For more information on lighthouses, teachers and students should contact The U.S. Lighthouse Society, 244 Kearny Street, San Francisco, Ca 94108 or consult the lighthouse web pages on The U.S. Coast Guard Historian's web site.


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ANNAPOLIS, Md. — The Yale University baseball team returned to the road for a four-game series at the U.S. Naval Academy, and while the bats found their mark on Saturday, the results from the first doubleheader of the weekend were mixed.
Yale pounded out a total of 18 hits in the two games at Max Bishop Stadium on Saturday, but had to settle for a split with Navy, winning the first game 1-0 in seven innings and falling to Navy in the second game, 15-7.
Senior left-hander Brook Hart was the star of the show in the opening game, holding Navy's bats to just three hits, while striking out five and walking only one in the seven-inning complete-game shutout.
Navy's senior pitcher Sam Long also tossed a complete game over seven innings, but he surrendered what turned out to be the game-winning run in the sixth inning when Ryan Brenner singled home Charlie Neil with two outs to give Yale a 1-0 lead.
Hart allowed only one baserunner over the final two innings to lock down the victory. Navy had a chance in the seventh inning to tie the game. Taylor Cato's one-out single put the tying run on base, but Jeff Bland lined out Hart, who completed an unassisted double play to end the game and give the Bulldogs the victory.
In the first game, Brenner, Andrew Moore and Andy Megee all had two hits to lead the Bulldogs. Cato had two of Navy's three hits.
The second game of the doubleheader turned out to be a far cry from the opener. The pitchers' duel that developed in the opener did not repeat itself in the second game. A total of nine pitchers were used in a game that produced 22 runs and 23 hits.
Yale jumped out to a brief 4-3 lead thanks to a three-run fifth inning behind an RBI ground-rule double from freshman center fielder Cale Hanson that scored sophomore catcher Chris Piwinski. Senior second baseman Gant Elmore's bunt single drove in Yale's second run of the inning. Senior captain Andy Megee capped off the scoring with an RBI sacrifice fly that scored Hanson.
Leading 6-4 after five innings, Navy broke the game open with an eight-run seventh inning. The Midshipmen scored the eight runs on just four hits, but a pair of run-scoring doubles from Bland and Dave Milanes fueled the offensive burst that also included an RBI single from Craig Veech, and a two-run single from Cato.
Junior right-hander Pat Ludwig started and took the loss. He struck out five batters in six innings, but he scattered six hits and surrendered the first six Navy runs.
Hanson had three hits and scored three runs to lead the Yale offense. Sophomore designated hitter Josh Scharff and junior shortstop Matt Schmidt added two hits apiece.
The Bulldogs' stay in Annapolis will extend through Sunday when they meet the Midshipmen for a second doubleheader.
Report filed by Jon Erickson Jr., Yale Sports Publicity


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The Mazda 3, or Mazda3, was developed on three continents, by Mazda, Volvo, and Ford, and Mazda did all the final tuning at its test track in Japan.
This is a premium automobile, exciting to drive, styled adventurously, and fully equipped with luxury features. There's nothing austere, basic or cheap about it. The seats are supportive and comfortable, good for long drives.
Sedan and hatchback versions look quite different. The sedan has the traditional appearance of a four-door, five-passenger car. The five-door hatchback is like the high-fashion station wagons from European manufacturers, offering the practicality of the five-door configuration with an emphasis on a premium driving experience. The Mazda3 is a good choice for drivers who have friends or lots of stuff: The sedan and hatchback excel at back-seat roominess when compared with the Honda Civic and other competition, and the hatchback excels at cargo space.
There's a high-performance version called Mazdaspeed3, motivated by 263 turbocharged horsepower.
The Mazda3 was launched as a 2004 model, then extensively updated and upgraded for 2007, with a revised appearance inside and out. The 2009 (and mid-2008) models get feature upgrades. The interiors are freshened, with piano black rather than woodgrain trim (with increasing amounts of it on higher-line models). Grand Touring models got a standard eight-way power driver's seat. The Mazda 3i Touring comes with 17-inch alloy wheels, foglights, a leather-wrapped steering wheel and shift knob, a CD player, and a color-keyed grille.
An all-new Mazda 3 is expected for the 2010 model year.
All 2009 Mazda 3 models come standard with ABS, Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD), Brake Assist, side-impact airbags, and side air curtains.
All Mazdas come with a roadside assistance program, which operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, throughout the United States and Canada.
The Mazda3 comes in a broad array of body styles, engines, and trim levels. The Mazda 3i is powered by a 148-horsepower, 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine; the Mazda 3s packs a 156-hp, 2.3-liter four-cylinder. The Mazda 3i is available only as a four-door sedan, whereas the Mazda3s comes as a sedan and five-door hatchback. A five-speed manual transmission is standard on all models; a four-speed automatic is optional ($900) on 3i, while 3s offers a five-speed automatic ($950).
The base-level Mazda3i Sport ($14,490) comes with manual windows and door locks. It has a tachometer, a 60/40 split fold-down rear seat, a tilt-and-telescope steering wheel, and a four-speaker AM/FM/CD/MP3 audio system with automatic level control and an iPod-friendly input jack. New for 2009 is a remote trunk release. All-season 195/65HR15 tires mount on steel wheels. Air conditioning is optional ($880) and includes an outside temperature display.
Mazda3i Touring Value ($16,895) adds air conditioning, power windows and door locks, remote keyless entry, cruise control, power-adjustable outside mirrors, height-adjustable driver's seat, and an upgraded six-speaker audio system. For 2009, fog lights, a leather-wrapped shift knob and steering wheel (with cruise and audio controls), and a color-keyed grille bar are also standard, along with 205/50VR17 tires on 17-inch alloy rims.
Mazda3s Sport sedan ($17,835) upgrades to the larger engine and to more deluxe upholstery and trim, inside and out. It also adds electroluminescent gauges, lighted vanity mirrors, and variable-intermittent wipers. Tires oddly downsize to 205/55HR16 on 16-inch alloy wheels. The 3s Sport hatchback ($18,325) is similarly equipped, plus a rear wiper, cargo management system, side-sill extensions, and a roof-top spoiler and aerodynamic antenna; it keeps the Value modelÆs 17-inch rims.
Mazda3s Touring sedan and hatchback share a price ($18,825) and add electronic stability control and traction control. Also, the sedan gets the same side-sill extensions and 17-inch wheels and tires as the hatchback.
Mazda3s Grand Touring sedan and hatchback ($20,595) add leather seating, synthetic leather door inners, heated front seats with eight-way power adjustment for the driver, HID headlights with automatic on/off, rain-sensing windshield wipers, automatic climate control, a trip computer, clear-lens LED taillights, and a theft-deterrent system.
Options include a power glass sunroof bundled with a 6CD changer ($890) on all but 3i Sport; on Grand Touring models the package also includes a Bose sound system and costs more ($1335). Grand Touring models offer Navigation bundled with Sirius Satellite Radio ($1950). A long list of extras, including the CD changer ($500) and Sirius radio ($430), can also be installed as dealer accessories.
The Mazdaspeed3 Sport hatchback ($22,740) comes with a 263-hp turbocharged 2.3-liter inline-4, six-speed manual transmission, limited-slip differential, sport seats with unique red-and-black cloth interior trim, aluminum pedals, automatic climate control, appropriately stiffer suspension tuning, and 215/45YR18 summer tires. Otherwise it is equipped similarly to the Touring models. A Grand Touring version ($24,455) adds leather interior, Bose premium audio with in-dash 6CD changer, rain-sensing wipers, trip computer, high-intensity headlights, LED taillights, and theft deterrence. The only significant factory option is the navigation/Sirius package ($1950), although again, dealer-installed accessories are available.
Safety features that come on all Mazda3 models include front airbags, seat-mounted side-impact airbags, side air curtains, an energy-absorbing brake pedal, and a tire-pressure monitor. Anti-lock brakes with electronic brake-force distribution and brake assist are now standard on all models as well. Electronic stability control and traction control are standard on 3s Touring and Grand Touring.
The Mazda3 has far more visual presence than you'd expect from a car with a Japanese nameplate. The designers worked hard to give this car the kind of character that will set it apart from other compact cars, and the result is a surprisingly bold look. A broad palette of color choices further distinguishes the Mazda3 from other compacts.
The sedan looks a little clumsy in its stripped-down i-model iteration, but bigger tires give it a more substantial stance.
Meanwhile, the five-door is unique, more like a stretched-out coupe than a five-door hatchback, and it's especially appealing in a radical color choice.
The facelift for 2007 defined the style even more clearly, with a body-color grille surround and new front bumper with square fog lights for both the 3s models plus brighter and more substantial-looking 16- and 17-inch cast-aluminum wheels. There have been no changes in exterior appearance since then.
The Mazaspeed3 looks especially tough with its oversized air intake in the front bumper and the mildly flared fenders. The whole front fascia is unique, and the rear taillights and chrome exhaust tips set it apart as well. Big 18-inch cast-aluminum wheels clearly identify this as a high-performance car.
When it comes to compact cars, the game is all about space efficiency. Just how much space can be devoted to the passengers? And is the space useful for all the other tasks that are demanded of a small car?
The Mazda3 sedan offers 94.3 cubic feet of passenger space, which compares favorably with the Honda Civic sedan's 90.9 cubic feet. The Mazda and the Honda are close in front-seat room, with Mazda providing a bit less leg room but a bit more width. In the rear seat, however, the Mazda is significantly larger, most notably in leg room and shoulder room. The Civic and Mazda3 are also close in trunk volume, with the Mazda rated at 11.5 cubic feet, the Honda 12.0.
The utility of the Mazda3's interior is enhanced by a standard folding 60/40 split back seat, which enables you to increase trunk room for large loads. The back of the rear seat doesn't quite fold flat, but it's close. Thanks to this design, the Mazda3 five-door will accommodate 43.8 cubic feet of cargo behind the front seats when the second seat is folded down.
The Mazda3 seats themselves are supportive without being confining, and the use of high-quality foam in the bolsters makes them very comfortable during long drives. Every version of the Mazda3 except for the entry-level sedan features a height adjuster for the driver's seat, and this works with the standard tilt/telescoping steering wheel to enable a wide range of drivers to get a good fit with the controls. Grand Touring editions feature seat warmer for their standard leather seats, plus eight-way power adjustment for the driver.
When it's well-equipped with trim and features, the interior of the Mazda3 looks good, although black interiors seem very dark. For 2009, new ôpiano blackö trim replaces the woodgrain and brushed aluminum used before. On i Touring Value, this means a single strip of glossy black material on the dash above the glove box, where the woodgrain used to be; s-models add more of the shiny black stuff to the center stack, steering wheel, and power window switch bezels. Gauges on i-sedans are now conventional white-on-black, albeit with orange illumination; where s-models still feature electro-luminescent dials, now with red and blue illumination at night.
The Mazda3 affords plenty of practical storage space, notably a cavernous glovebox. Two cupholders are integrated into the center console, while a small but deep box separates the seats. Rear-seat armrests have integrated cupholders.
The optional navigation display screen flips up from the top of the dash, and it offers a bright view, while the software logic for entering destinations and the like is straightforward. The navigation system's controls are located in the center console, however, and they're small and fussy enough (especially the joystick control) to be a chore to operate. But the Mazda3 is one of the very few cars in this price class to offer a navigation system.
The Mazdaspeed3's interior has the same overall look as its siblings, but red stitching in the steering wheel, shift knob and seats adds some motorsports style. The thick rim, leather-wrapped rim of the steering wheel feels substantial, while aluminum covers for the pedals enhance the presentation. The best thing about the Mazdaspeed3's interior is the high-bolstered sports seats, which cradle and support rather than confine. The strategic use of leather and cloth inserts in the Grand Touring version keeps you from inadvertently sliding around when you're driving at a quick pace. These are the kind of seats that will help you rack up a thousand miles of driving in a day.
The character of the Mazda3 is determined by the engine you choose.
The Mazda3i has a 2.0-liter engine that will produce 148 horsepower if you roar it to 6500 rpm, but it requires that kind of intensity to wring out everything it has to give. The variable valve timing and variable intake length improve torque low in the rpm range. Still, this engine's mission seems to be a low purchase price and good fuel economy rather than performance. EPA ratings are 24/32 mpg City/Highway on regular-grade gasoline for the manual, 23/30 mpg for the automatic. (This is using the new EPA test procedures enacted for 2008 that are designed to more accurately reflect the way most people drive.)
The 2.0-liter is a good choice if you're concerned largely about fuel economy. The engine itself is great, but the Mazda3 is a little heavy, so you need all the power you can get. If you're looking for a combination to crawl in commuter traffic, the wide-ratio four-speed automatic is an acceptable choice. The transmission's semi-manual shifting feature gives the driver some flexibility and can be entertaining.
The 2.3-liter engine, on the other hand, delivers substantial power over a wide range of rpm. Its tractable mid-range punch helps provide good throttle response without the need to shift gears frequently. This character sets the Mazda 2.3-liter apart from its competition; it's more like the big-displacement four-cylinder engines in the mid-size Honda Accord and Toyota Camry than it is like its competition in the compact class.
Counter-rotating balancers, exclusive to the larger engine, substantially reduce vibration, making this a particularly smooth-running powerplant. At the same time, this engine really does its best work above the torque peak of 150 pound-feet at 4500 rpm as it pulls to its peak of 156 horsepower at 6500 rpm; so it, too, needs a little help from the driver's shifting skills to stay in the fat part of the power band. At the same time, the 2.3-liter's EPA fuel-economy ratings are 22/29 mpg City/Highway on regular gasoline.
Both the 2.0-liter engine in the Mazda3i and the 2.3-liter in the Mazda3s belong to Mazda's MRZ family, and feature such sophisticated technology as sequential valve timing (S-VT), variable intake system (VIS), and electronic throttle control. Both the sedan and the five-door are set up to take advantage of the strong personality afforded by these Mazda MZR engines.
The steering with its electro-hydraulic power assist responds crisply and accurately to your command, and the tires afford plenty of grip in the corners.
The brakes are up to the task as well. ABS with electronic brake-force distribution and brake assist are now standard on all models; while Dynamic Stability Control with traction control is standard on 3s Touring and Grand Touring. As a fun-to-drive package, the Mazda3 has better credentials than its competition.
The Mazdaspeed3 is an entirely different product due to its turbocharged engine with direct fuel-injection that delivers 263 hp at 5500 rpm. The Mazdaspeed3 has all the hardware to keep up with so much power, notably a six-speed manual transmission that rips off quick, clean shifts in a way that no other front-wheel drive car can match.
The Mazdaspeed3 is a legitimate 155-mph automobile, with a relatively quiet, calm personality on the freeway. Yet the Mazda is really in its element in the corners, where there are no surprises in the way it handles. The chassis stays balanced and predictable right to the limit of tire adhesion, where the limited-slip differential still delivers optimal power to both front wheels. The Mazdaspeed3 carves through the corners in a way that's distinct from its all-wheel-drive competitors, the Subaru WRX and Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution.
The Mazda3 is a driver's car that's practical. The Mazda3 is useful, space-efficient, economical and pleasant across a broad range of driving situations. It also has the style, comfort, features, and personality to transform any driving experience into a sporting proposition. It's slightly less refined than its competition from Honda and Toyota, but you seem to get more car for your money, and that means personality as well as features. Compared to the competition, the Mazda3 is a driver's car, meant for people who enjoy their time in an automobile.