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|Brain: Primary auditory cortex
|Brodmann areas 41 & 42 of the human brain.
|The Primary Auditory Cortex is highlighted in magenta, and has been known to interact with all areas highlighted on this neural map.
|subject #
|Part of
The primary auditory cortex is the region of the brain that is responsible for processing of auditory (sound) information.
Function of the Primary Auditory CortexEdit
As with other primary sensory cortical areas, auditory sensations reach perception only if received and processed by a cortical area. Evidence for this comes from lesion studies in human patients who have sustained damage to cortical areas through tumors or strokes, or from animal experiments in which cortical areas were deactivated by cooling or locally applied drug treatment. Damage to the Primary Auditory Cortex in humans leads to a loss of any 'awareness' of sound, but an ability to react reflexively to sounds remains as there is a great deal of subcortical processing in the auditory brainstem and midbrain.
Neurons in the auditory cortex are organised according to the frequency of sound to which they respond best. Neurons at one end of the auditory cortex respond best to low frequencies; neurons at the other respond best to high frequencies. There are multiple auditory areas (much like the multiple areas in the visual cortex), which can be distinguished anatomically and on the basis that they contain a complete "frequency map." The purpose of this frequency map (known as a tonotopic map) is unknown and is likely to reflect the fact that the sensory epithelium of the auditory system, the cochlea, is arranged according to sound frequency. The auditory cortex is involved in tasks such as identifying and segregating auditory "objects" and identifying the location of a sound in space.
Human brain scans have indicated that a peripheral bit of this brain region is active when trying to identify musical pitch. Individual cells consistently get excited by sounds at specific frequencies, or multiples of that frequency.
The primary auditory cortex is about the same as Brodmann areas 41 and 42. It lies in the posterior half of the superior temporal gyrus and also dives into the lateral sulcus as the transverse temporal gyri (also called Heschl's gyri).
The primary auditory cortex is located in the temporal lobe. There are additional areas of the human cerebral cortex that are involved in processing sound, in the frontal and parietal lobes. Animal studies indicate that auditory fields of the cerebral cortex receive ascending input from the auditory thalamus, and that they are interconnected on the same and on the opposite cerebral hemispheres.The auditory cortex is composed of fields, which differ from each other in both structure and function.[1]
The number of fields varies in different species, from as few as 2 in rodents to as many as 15 in the rhesus monkey. The number, location, and organization of fields in the human auditory cortex are not known at this time. What is known about the human auditory cortex comes from a base of knowledge gained from studies in mammals, including primates, used to interpret electrophysiologic tests and functional imaging studies of the brain in humans.
When each instrument of the symphony orchestra or the jazz band plays the same note, the quality of each sound is different — but the musician perceives each note as having the same pitch. The neurons of the auditory cortex of the brain are able to respond to pitch. Studies in the marmoset monkey have shown that pitch-selective neurons are located in a cortical region near the anterolateral border of the primary auditory cortex. This location of a pitch-selective area has also been identified in recent functional imaging studies in humans.[2][3]
The auditory cortex does not just receive input from lower centers and the ear, but also provides it.
The primary auditory cortex is subject to modulation by numerous neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine, which has been shown to decrease cellular excitability in all layers of the temporal cortex. Norepinephrine decreases glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic potentials at AMPA receptors by the activation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.[4]
Brodmann area 41Edit
This area is also known as anterior transverse temporal area 41 (H). It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally-defined temporal region of cerebral cortex, occupying the anterior transverse temporal gyrus (H) in the bank of the lateral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Brodmann area 41 is bounded medially by the parainsular area 52 (H) and laterally by the posterior transverse temporal area 42 (H) (Brodmann-1909).
Brodmann area 42Edit
This area is also known as posterior transverse temporal area 42 (H). It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally-defined temporal region of cerebral cortex, located in the bank of the lateral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Brodmann area 42 is bounded medially by the anterior transverse temporal area 41 (H) and laterally by the superior temporal area 22 (Brodmann-1909).
Relationship to auditory systemEdit
The auditory cortex is the most highly organized processing unit of sound in the brain. This cortex area is the neural crux of hearing, and, in humans, language and music.
The auditory cortex is divided into three separate parts, the primary, secondary and tertiary auditory cortex. These structures are formed concentrically around one another, with the primary AC in the middle and the tertiary AC on the outside.
The primary auditory cortex is tonotopically organized, which means that certain cells in the auditory cortex are sensitive to specific frequencies. This is a fascinating function which has been preserved throughout most of the audition circuit. This area of the brain "is thought to identify the fundamental elements of music, such as pitch and loudness."[5] This makes sense as this is the area which receives direct input from the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. The secondary auditory cortex has been indicated in the processing of "harmonic, melodic and rhythmic patterns."[5] The tertiary auditory cortex supposedly integrates everything into the overall experience of music.[5]
An evoked response study of congenitally deaf kittens by Klinke et al. utilized local field potentials to measure cortical plasticity in the auditory cortex. These kittens were stimulated and measured against a control or un-stimulated congenitally deaf cat (CDC) and normal hearing cats. The field potentials measured for artificially stimulated CDC was eventually much stronger than that of a normal hearing cat.[6] This is in concordance with Eckart Altenmuller's study where it was observed that students who received musical instruction had greater cortical activation than those who did not.[7]
The auditory cortex exhibits some strange behavior pertaining to the gamma wave frequency. When subjects are exposed to three or four cycles of a 40 hertz click, an abnormal spike appears in the EEG data, which is not present for other stimuli. The spike in neuronal activity correlating to this frequency is not restrained to the tonotopic organization of the auditory cortex. It has been theorized that this is a "resonant frequency" of certain areas of the brain, and appears to affect the visual cortex as well.[8]
Gamma band activation (20 to 40 Hz) has been shown to be present during the perception of sensory events and the process of recognition. Kneif et al, in their 2000 study, presented subjects with eight musical notes to well known tunes, such as Yankee Doodle and Frere Jacques. Randomly, the sixth and seventh notes were omitted and an electroencephalogram, as well as a magnetoencephalogram were each employed to measure the neural results. Specifically, the presence of gamma waves, induced by the auditory task at hand, were measured from the temples of the subjects. The OSP response, or omitted stimulus response, was located in a slightly different position; 7 mm more anterior, 13 mm more medial and 13 mm more superior in respect to the complete sets. The OSP recordings were also characteristically lower in gamma waves, as compared to the complete musical set. The evoked responses during the sixth and seventh omitted notes are assumed to be imagined, and were characteristically different, especially in the right hemisphere.[9] The right auditory cortex has long been shown to be more sensitive to tonality, while the left auditory cortex has been shown to be more sensitive to minute sequential differences in sound specifically speech.
Hallucinations have been shown to produce oscillations which are parallel (although not exactly the same as) the gamma frequency range. Sperling showed in his 2004 study that auditory hallucinations produce band wavelengths in the range of 12.5-30 Hz. The bands occurred in the left auditory cortex of a schizophrenic and were controlled against 13 controls (18) . This aligns with the studies of people remembering a song in their minds; they do not perceive any sound, but experience the melody, rhythm and overall experience of sound. When schizophrenics experience hallucinations, it is the primary auditory cortex which becomes active. This is characteristically different from remembering a sound stimulus, which only faintly activates the tertiary auditory cortex.[10] By deduction, an artificial stimulation of the primary auditory cortex should elicit an incredibly real auditory hallucination. The termination of all audition and music into the tertiary auditory cortex creates a fascinating nexus of aural information. If this theory is true, it would be interesting to study a subject with a damaged, TAC or one with artificially suppressed function. This would be very difficult to do as the tertiary cortex is simply a ring around the secondary, which is a ring around the primary AC.
Tone is perceived in more places than just the auditory cortex; one specifically fascinating area is the rostromedial prefrontal cortex.[11] Janata et al, in their 2002 study, used an fMRI machine to study the areas of the brain which were active during tonality processing. The result of which displayed several areas which are not normally considered to be part of the audition process. The rostromedial prefrontal cortex is a subsection of the medial prefrontal cortex, which projects to the amygdala, and is thought to aid in the inhibition of negative emotion.[12] The medial prefrontal cortex is thought to be the core developmental difference between the impulsive teenager and the calm adult. The rostromedial prefrontal cortex is tonality sensitive, meaning it is activated by the tones and frequencies of resonant sounds and music. It could be hypothesized that this is the mechanism by which music ameliorates the soul (or, if one prefers, the limbic system).
See alsoEdit
- ↑ Cant, NB (Jun 15, 2003). Parallel auditory pathways: projection patterns of the different neuronal populations in the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei. Brain Res Bull. 60 (5-6): 457-74.
- ↑ Bendor, D, Wang, X (2005). The neuronal representation of pitch in primate auditory cortex.. Nature 436 (7054): 1161-5.
- ↑ Zatorre, RJ (2005). Neuroscience: finding the missing fundamental. Nature 436 (7054): 1093-4.
- ↑ , Nguyen T, Salgado H, Atzori M (2009). Norepinephrine homogeneously inhibits alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate- (AMPAR-) mediated currents in all layers of the temporal cortex of the rat. Neurochem Res 34 (11): 1896–906.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ferragamo, M. J. (2002). Octopus cells of the mammalian ventral cochlear nucleus sense the rate of depolarization. J Neurophysiol 87 (5): 2262-70.
- ↑ Klinke, Rainer, Kral, Andrej; Heid, Silvia ; Tillein, Jochen ; Hartmann , Rainer (Sep. 10, 1999). Recruitment of the auditory cortex in congenitally deaf cats by long-term cochlear electrostimulation. Science 285 (5434): 1729-33.
- ↑ Strickland (Winter 2001). Music and the brain in childhood development. Childhood Education 78 (2): 100-4.
- ↑ Bertrand, O., Tallon-Baudry, C.; Fischer, C.; and Pernier, J.. Object representation and gamma oscillations.
- ↑ Knief, A., Schulte, M.; Fujiki, N.; and Pantev, C.. Oscillatory Gamma band and Slow brain Activity Evoked by Real and Imaginary Musical Stimuli.
- ↑ Abbott, Alison Music, maestro, please! Nature v. 416 no. 6876 (March 7 2002)
- ↑ Petr Janata et al. The Cortical Topography of Tonal Structures Underlying Western Music. Science, Vol 298, Issue 5601, 2167-2170 , 13 December 2002
- ↑ Cassel, Topography of projections from the medial prefrontal cortex to the amygdala in the rat. Brain Res Bull. 1986 Sep;17(3):321-33
External linksEdit
- BrainInfo at the University of Washington ancil-77: area 41
- BrainInfo at the University of Washington ancil-78: area 42
- BrainMaps at UCDavis primary%20auditory%20cortex
|Telencephalon (cerebrum, cerebral cortex, cerebral hemispheres) - edit
primary sulci/fissures: medial longitudinal, lateral, central, parietoöccipital, calcarine, cingulate
frontal lobe: precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex, 4), precentral sulcus, superior frontal gyrus (6, 8), middle frontal gyrus (46), inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area, 44-pars opercularis, 45-pars triangularis), prefrontal cortex (orbitofrontal cortex, 9, 10, 11, 12, 47)
parietal lobe: postcentral sulcus, postcentral gyrus (1, 2, 3, 43), superior parietal lobule (5), inferior parietal lobule (39-angular gyrus, 40), precuneus (7), intraparietal sulcus
occipital lobe: primary visual cortex (17), cuneus, lingual gyrus, 18, 19 (18 and 19 span whole lobe)
temporal lobe: transverse temporal gyrus (41-42-primary auditory cortex), superior temporal gyrus (38, 22-Wernicke's area), middle temporal gyrus (21), inferior temporal gyrus (20), fusiform gyrus (36, 37)
limbic lobe/fornicate gyrus: cingulate cortex/cingulate gyrus, anterior cingulate (24, 32, 33), posterior cingulate (23, 31),
subcortical/insular cortex: rhinencephalon, olfactory bulb, corpus callosum, lateral ventricles, septum pellucidum, ependyma, internal capsule, corona radiata, external capsule
hippocampal formation: dentate gyrus, hippocampus, subiculum
basal ganglia: striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen), lentiform nucleus (putamen, globus pallidus), claustrum, extreme capsule, amygdala, nucleus accumbens
Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri.
- de:Auditiver Cortex]]
- nl:Auditieve cortex]]
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


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text: On last night's episode of Keeping Up With the Kardashians, the "civil war" raged on as the family went on a ski trip together, which only heightened tensions between Kim and her sisters. (This whole fight, if you remember, started over Kim buying a Bentley.) This time, the entire family seemed to be ganging up on Kim, reducing her to tears, which sister Kourtney ended up laughing in her face about, because she has "an ugly crying face." Clip above.


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It's Saturday morning again and I can't get my head around how fast this week has passed. Some of you may have noticed my-not-so-regular-posts this week and I'm really sorry for that, but I've had a million things to do that needed to be finished off before this weekend, and sadly my dear blog have taken the effect, but I hope to make it up here in terms of content and enthusiasm. On Monday morning I'm heading over to Paris couture weekend to soak up all the beauty and I'll bring you along with me.
Wishing you all a fabulous weekend!
Yesterday London weather was a slightly chiller and more windy so I wrapped up a little, I wore an old leather gilet from H&M, jeans by J Brand, cotton tee by Proenza Schouler, sandals Celine, bag by Givenchy and Ray Ban's.


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A blog to compile what I have learned (and what I am learning) about Mandriva (and GNU/Linux in general) since 2009, when I migrated. Current distros I'm using: OpenMandriva Lx 3.1 /3.0 Mageia 6, PCLinuxOS 2017.03, Fedora Workstation 27 (KDE spin), PicarOS, Pisi Linux 1, Elive beta, and AntiX 13.
lunes, 18 de julio de 2011
I owe you an apology, PCLinuxOS
Even so, I downloaded the Live CD and tested it. I was disappointed because there was not an office suite with it, so I never considered installing it.
However, the more I learned about Linux (without pretending to be an expert), the more the rules in the PCLOS forum made sense. Later, I discovered they had not made them, but were quoted from a source.
I started visiting the Sandbox (that's the PCLOS forum equivalent of Mandriva's community chat or Mageia's Wizard Lair) and I must admit that everytime I visited, I got a very good laugh thanks to their sense of humor.
Oh, yes, I also downloaded the last PCLinuxOS KDE release and installed it for testing. I discovered that its installation is as simple and efficient as Mandriva/Mageia's, but a lot faster. I also noticed that my disappointment because of the lack of an office suite was a misperception: there is a way to download the current Libre Office suite. And multimedia works out of the box, too. In my installation, there were only two points that I disliked: there is no way to change the language from default English to Spanish and the Kwin effects refused to work. With the minimal experience I have accumulated in these two years, I visited the PCLOS forum and quickly got a thread that explained how to change the language to Spanish. I followed the steps and it worked (90% I'd say, because Dolphin still shows some menus in English and applets stayed speaking the language of Shakespeare as well). I did not work with the other problem, but I'm sure they must have a thread to tackle that issue. While I was using it, this last release of PCLOS was reliable and stable. It's a solid distribution; no wonder why it is relatively popular in the DistroWatch charts.
Besides, I have to admit that the image that I had originally formed of this Linux community, the distribution, and its developer has been changing from negative to positive, to the point of considering using PCLinuxOS in one of my systems.
I would definitely recommend this distribution today, provided that the person installing it has an inquisitive mind and is not afraid of reading...S/he must have an acceptable command of English, too :-)
From all of this, my biggest conclusion is that I, because of my lack of experience with Linux, acted unfairly. However, as Ezra Pound said of Walt Whitman, "I am old enough now to make friends". Yes, PCLinuxOS... I owe you an apology.
3 comentarios:
Way to go! Besides, according to the Mepis Forums, Texstar is a great fellow!ResponderEliminar
- Anónimo20 de julio de 2011, 5:13
Wonderful - it takes a special type of person to admit to being, well, not wrong, but incorrect because of some misinformation.ResponderEliminar
I have been using PCLOS for about 7 months now and have found it to be the most stable distro I have tried (and I've tried a lot :-) ) and now use it daily, as does my husband, who was very reluctant to even try linux again because of some hit and miss times in the past, but when I pestered him to try PCLOS he loved it and within a month he'd wiped Windows off both his PCs and now uses PCLOS exclusively (if my husband likes it, it must have something going for it ha-ha)
And you were very accurate about the forum as well - the regulars are a hoot AND very helpful when needed
Thanks. By the way, I've come to that same conclusion about Texstar myself from what I have read in the forums.
Thank you for reading and commenting. I guess your comment was the final push I needed to keep PCLOS in one of my systems.


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These are all the News & Announcements posted in January, 2011.
Monday, 31
Storytime Registration
Registration for the next block of Storytime starts Monday, February 7. You can register online, by phone, or in person at the library. This block of Storytime runs six weeks from February 22 to March 31. For more information, visit our Storytime page.
Posted By Logan Library at 1:32 PM / Category:Children
Thursday, 20
Staff Reading Pick
Here is another reading pick from the Logan Library Staff.
Book: The Mountain Between Us by Charles Martin
Recommended by: Karen, Senior Librarian
I was intrigued by the description of a survival story that takes place in the high Uintas. Once I began reading, I could not put it down! This novel is so much more than a survival story and an endurance tale; it is the story of an honorable man, the power of love and his amazing journey to redemption.
Want more reading suggestions? View previous staff picks.
Posted By Logan Library at 10:37 AM / Category:Staff Picks
Tuesday, 11
ALA Award Winners
The American Library Association announced their youth media awards on Monday, and the following titles received awards:
John Newbery Medal for the most outstanding contribution to children's literature:
Moon Over Manifest by Clare Vanderpool
Randolph Caldecott Medal for the most distinguished American picture book for children:
A Sick Day For Amos McGee written by Philip C. Stead, illustrated by Erin E. Stead
Michael L. Printz Award for excellence in literature written for young adults:
Ship Breaker by Paolo Bacigalupi
Read the ALA press release for a complete list of award and honor books.
Posted By Logan Library at 11:43 AM / Category:Books & Reading
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Lyrics:First verseWhen the nightingale's singing its sweet melodies, And the scent of the flowers perfumes the night breeze, Then I dream of my old home far over the sea, By the Lake of Killarney, Where I long to be. And I see you, it seems, waiting there on the shore, Where together we stray'd in the sweet days of yore, I am thinking, tonight, of my Colleen so true: When I dream of Old Erin, I'm dreaming of you.RefrainWhen I dream of old Erin I'm dreaming of you, With your sweet, roguish smile and your true eyes of blue; For my love, like the Shamrock, each day stronger grew; When I dream of Old Erin, I'm dreaming of you.Second verseI can see the old cottage, just o'er the hill there; 'Tis those fond recollections bring happiness rare. Sure the lassie I love with a heart that is true, She is waiting for someone, While someone waits too. And my love's growing stronger each day, more and more, 'Tis the same old love story that's told o'er and o'er, So, Acushla my Colleen, it seems that you knew, When I dream of Old Erin, I'm dreaming of you.
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|October 23, 2018 03:45 AM EDT
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CloudEXPO | DevOpsSUMMIT | DXWorldEXPO 2018 New York cover all of these tools, with the most comprehensive program and with 222 rockstar speakers throughout our industry presenting 22 Keynotes and General Sessions, 200 Breakout Sessions along 10 Tracks, as well as our signature Power Panels. Our Expo Floor brings together the world's leading companies throughout the world of Cloud Computing, DevOps, FinTech, Digital Transformation, and all they entail.
As your enterprise creates a vision and strategy that enables you to create your own unique, long-term success, learning about all the technologies involved is essential. Companies today not only form multi-cloud and hybrid cloud architectures, but create them with built-in cognitive capabilities.
Cloud-Native thinking is now the norm in financial services, manufacturing, telco, healthcare, transportation, energy, media, entertainment, retail and other consumer industries, as well as the public sector.
CloudEXPO is the world's most influential technology event where Cloud Computing was coined over a decade ago and where technology buyers and vendors meet to experience and discuss the big picture of Digital Transformation and all of the strategies, tactics, and tools they need to realize their goals.
Register for the Conference ▸ Here
Speaking Opportunities ▸ Here
Sponsorship Opportunities ▸ Here
Sponsor List (updated daily) ▸ Here
Exhibitor List (updated daily) ▸ Here
Conference schedule (updated daily) ▸ Here
Speaker lineup (updated daily) ▸ Here
FinTech Is Now Part of the DXWorldEXPO | CloudEXPO Program
Financial enterprises in New York City, London, Singapore, and other world financial capitals are embracing a new generation of smart, automated FinTech that eliminates many cumbersome, slow, and expensive intermediate processes from their businesses.
Accordingly, attendees at the upcoming 22nd CloudEXPO | DXWorldEXPO November 12-13, 2018 in New York City will find fresh new content in two new tracks called:
- FinTechEXPO
- New York Blockchain Event
which will incorporate FinTech and Blockchain, as well as machine learning, artificial intelligence and deep learning in these two distinct tracks.
FinTech brings efficiency as well as the ability to deliver new services and a much improved customer experience throughout the global financial services industry. FinTech is a natural fit with cloud computing, as new services are quickly developed, deployed, and scaled on public, private, and hybrid clouds.
More than US$20 billion in venture capital is being invested in FinTech this year. We're pleased to bring you the latest FinTech developments as an integral part of our program.
Sponsorship Opportunities
CloudEXPO | DevOpsSUMMIT | DXWorldEXPO are together the single event where technology buyers and vendors meet to experience and discus cloud computing and all that it entails. For more than a decade, sponsors and exhibitors of CloudEXPO | DevOpsSUMMIT | DXWorldEXPO benefit from unmatched branding, profile building and lead generation opportunities through:
- Featured on-site presentation and ongoing on-demand webcast exposure to a captive audience of industry decision-makers
- Showcase exhibition during our new extended dedicated expo hours
- Breakout Session Priority scheduling for Sponsors that have been guaranteed a 40-minute technical session
- Online advertising on 4,5 million article pages in SYS-CON's leading i-Technology Publications
- Capitalize on our Comprehensive Marketing efforts leading up to the show with print mailings, e-newsletters and extensive online media coverage
- Unprecedented PR Coverage: Unmatched editorial coverage on Cloud Computing Journal
- Tweetup to over 127,000 plus Twitter followers
- Press releases sent on major wire services to over 500 industry analysts
Secrets of Our Most Popular Sponsors and Exhibitors ▸ Here
Secrets of Our Most Popular Speakers Here
For more information on sponsorship, exhibit, and keynote opportunities call us at 954 242-0444 or contact us ▸ Here
Speaking Opportunities Open
The upcoming 22nd International CloudEXPO | DevOpsSUMMIT | DXWorldEXPO, November 12-13, 2018 in New York City, NY announces that its Call For Papers for speaking opportunities is now open. We reply to all accepted speaking proposals within six hours.
About DXWorldEXPO LLC
DXWorldEXPO LLC is a Lighthouse Point, Florida-based trade show company and the creator of DXWorldEXPO - Digital Transformation Conference & Expo. The company produces and presents the world's most influential technology events including CloudEXPO, DevOpsSUMMIT, FinTechEXPO - Blockchain Event.
@CloudEXPO and @ExpoDX, two of the most influential technology events in the world, have hosted hundreds of sponsors and exhibitors since our launch 10 years ago. @CloudEXPO and @ExpoDX New York and Silicon Valley provide a full year of face-to-face marketing opportunities for your company. Each sponsorship and exhibit package comes with pre and post-show marketing programs. By sponsoring and exhibiting in New York and Silicon Valley, you reach a full complement of decision makers and buyers in multiple vertical markets. Our delegate profiles can be located in our show prospectus.
Jun. 6, 2019 02:15 AM EDT
The best way to leverage your Cloud Expo presence as a sponsor and exhibitor is to plan your news announcements around our events. The press covering Cloud Expo and @ThingsExpo will have access to these releases and will amplify your news announcements. More than two dozen Cloud companies either set deals at our shows or have announced their mergers and acquisitions at Cloud Expo. Product announcements during our show provide your company with the most reach through our targeted audiences.
Jun. 4, 2019 04:00 PM EDT Reads: 3,688
SYS-CON Events announced today that Secure Channels, a cybersecurity firm, will exhibit at SYS-CON's 23rd International Cloud Expo®, which will take place at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Secure Channels, Inc. offers several products and solutions to its many clients, helping them protect critical data from being compromised and access to computer networks from the unauthorized. The company develops comprehensive data encryption security strategies that are tailored for the unique needs of each client; the team builds in an intuitive user experience to boost efficiency and effectiveness of its cyber security solutions.
Jun. 2, 2019 04:15 AM EDT Reads: 4,194
Andrew Keys is Co-Founder of ConsenSys Enterprise. He comes to ConsenSys Enterprise with capital markets, technology and entrepreneurial experience. Previously, he worked for UBS investment bank in equities analysis. Later, he was responsible for the creation and distribution of life settlement products to hedge funds and investment banks. After, he co-founded a revenue cycle management company where he learned about Bitcoin and eventually Ethereal. Andrew's role at ConsenSys Enterprise is a multi-faceted approach of strategy and enterprise business development. Andrew graduated from Loyola University in Maryland and University of Auckland with degrees in economics and international finance.
Nov. 3, 2018 05:00 AM EDT Reads: 4,029
Evan Kirstel is an internationally recognized thought leader and social media influencer in IoT (#1 in 2017), Cloud, Data Security (2016), Health Tech (#9 in 2017), Digital Health (#6 in 2016), B2B Marketing (#5 in 2015), AI, Smart Home, Digital (2017), IIoT (#1 in 2017) and Telecom/Wireless/5G. His connections are a "Who's Who" in these technologies, He is in the top 10 most mentioned/re-tweeted by CMOs and CIOs (2016) and have been recently named 5th most influential B2B marketeer in the US. His social media "Klout" score is 81 and rising!
Oct. 4, 2018 07:00 PM EDT Reads: 3,268
SYS-CON Events announced today that CrowdReviews.com has been named "Media Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 22nd International Cloud Expo, which will take place on June 5–7, 2018, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. CrowdReviews.com is a transparent online platform for determining which products and services are the best based on the opinion of the crowd. The crowd consists of Internet users that have experienced products and services first-hand and have an interest in letting other potential buyers learn their thoughts on their experience.
Jul. 4, 2018 04:45 PM EDT Reads: 4,337
A valuable conference experience generates new contacts, sales leads, potential strategic partners and potential investors; helps gather competitive intelligence and even provides inspiration for new products and services. Conference Guru works with conference organizers to pass great deals to great conferences, helping you discover new conferences and increase your return on investment.
Jul. 2, 2018 05:00 AM EDT Reads: 4,644
SYS-CON Events announced today that DatacenterDynamics has been named "Media Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 18th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on June 7–9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. DatacenterDynamics is a brand of DCD Group, a global B2B media and publishing company that develops products to help senior professionals in the world's most ICT dependent organizations make risk-based infrastructure and capacity decisions.
Jun. 30, 2018 07:00 PM EDT Reads: 10,447
DXWorldEXPO | CloudEXPO are the world's most influential, independent events where Cloud Computing was coined and where technology buyers and vendors meet to experience and discuss the big picture of Digital Transformation and all of the strategies, tactics, and tools they need to realize their goals. Sponsors of DXWorldEXPO | CloudEXPO benefit from unmatched branding, profile building and lead generation opportunities.
Jun. 30, 2018 12:45 PM EDT Reads: 5,264
DXWordEXPO New York 2018, colocated with CloudEXPO New York 2018 will be held November 11-13, 2018, in New York City and will bring together Cloud Computing, FinTech and Blockchain, Digital Transformation, Big Data, Internet of Things, DevOps, AI, Machine Learning and WebRTC to one location.
Jun. 30, 2018 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 8,069
DXWorldEXPO LLC announced today that Telecom Reseller has been named "Media Sponsor" of CloudEXPO | DXWorldEXPO 2018 New York, which will take place on November 11-13, 2018 in New York City, NY. Telecom Reseller reports on Unified Communications, UCaaS, BPaaS for enterprise and SMBs. They report extensively on both customer premises based solutions such as IP-PBX as well as cloud based and hosted platforms.
Jun. 26, 2018 08:30 AM EDT Reads: 4,964
DXWorldEXPO LLC announced today that All in Mobile, a mobile app development company from Poland, will exhibit at the 22nd International CloudEXPO | DXWorldEXPO. All In Mobile is a mobile app development company from Poland. Since 2014, they maintain passion for developing mobile applications for enterprises and startups worldwide.
Jun. 22, 2018 02:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,622
DXWorldEXPO LLC, the producer of the world's most influential technology conferences and trade shows has announced the 22nd International CloudEXPO | DXWorldEXPO "Early Bird Registration" is now open. Register for Full Conference "Gold Pass" ▸ Here (Expo Hall ▸ Here)
May. 30, 2018 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,402
From 2013, NTT Communications has been providing cPaaS service, SkyWay. Its customer's expectations for leveraging WebRTC technology are not only typical real-time communication use cases such as Web conference, remote education, but also IoT use cases such as remote camera monitoring, smart-glass, and robotic. Because of this, NTT Communications has numerous IoT business use-cases that its customers are developing on top of PaaS. WebRTC will lead IoT businesses to be more innovative and address current issues in the Edge Computing scenario. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Kensaku Komatsu, a research and development engineer in Department of Technology Development at NTT Communications, talked about the practical experience, activity and potential of WebRTC for IoT and Edge Computing scenario.
May. 7, 2018 07:00 AM EDT Reads: 7,481
It is of utmost importance for the future success of WebRTC to ensure that interoperability is operational between web browsers and any WebRTC-compliant client. To be guaranteed as operational and effective, interoperability must be tested extensively by establishing WebRTC data and media connections between different web browsers running on different devices and operating systems. In his session at WebRTC Summit at @ThingsExpo, Dr. Alex Gouaillard, CEO and Founder of CoSMo Software, presented a comprehensive view of the numerous testing challenges researchers have faced before arriving at the first release candidate of the WebRTC specifications.
May. 1, 2018 01:00 AM EDT Reads: 4,375
Recently, WebRTC has a lot of eyes from market. The use cases of WebRTC are expanding - video chat, online education, online health care etc. Not only for human-to-human communication, but also IoT use cases such as machine to human use cases can be seen recently. One of the typical use-case is remote camera monitoring. With WebRTC, people can have interoperability and flexibility for deploying monitoring service. However, the benefit of WebRTC for IoT is not only its convenience and interoperability. It has lots of potential to address current issues around IoT - security, connectivity and so on - based on P2P technology. It will become a key-component especially in edge computing use cases, in his view.
Apr. 30, 2018 03:00 AM EDT Reads: 4,394
WebRTC is great technology to build your own communication tools. It will be even more exciting experience it with advanced devices, such as a 360 Camera, 360 microphone, and a depth sensor camera. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Masashi Ganeko, a manager at INFOCOM Corporation, introduced two experimental projects from his team and what they learned from them. "Shotoku Tamago" uses the robot audition software HARK to track speakers in 360 video of a remote party. "Virtual Teleport" uses a multiple Intel RealSense Depth Camera to scan 3D and build 3D models in real-time, and display as hologram in front of remote participants.
Apr. 29, 2018 11:00 PM EDT Reads: 4,131
@DevOpsSummit at Cloud Expo, taking place November 12-13 in New York City, NY, is co-located with 22nd international CloudEXPO | first international DXWorldEXPO and will feature technical sessions from a rock star conference faculty and the leading industry players in the world.
Apr. 29, 2018 12:45 PM EDT Reads: 6,013
With 10 simultaneous tracks, keynotes, general sessions and targeted breakout classes, @CloudEXPO and DXWorldEXPO are two of the most important technology events of the year. Since its launch over eight years ago, @CloudEXPO and DXWorldEXPO have presented a rock star faculty as well as showcased hundreds of sponsors and exhibitors!
Apr. 25, 2018 02:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,280
DevOpsSummit New York 2018, colocated with CloudEXPO | DXWorldEXPO New York 2018 will be held November 11-13, 2018, in New York City. Digital Transformation (DX) is a major focus with the introduction of DXWorldEXPO within the program. Successful transformation requires a laser focus on being data-driven and on using all the tools available that enable transformation if they plan to survive over the long term. A total of 88% of Fortune 500 companies from a generation ago are now out of business. Only 12% still survive. Similar percentages are found throughout enterprises of all sizes.
Apr. 24, 2018 06:30 PM EDT Reads: 5,948


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Going back to Brian Billick's days in Baltimore, the Ravens have refused to say the word "playoffs." Instead, the team adopted a code word to be used by the entire organization when describing post-season play (and selling merch): Festivus.
The tradition has endured and Ray Lewis is the face of the Baltimore Festivus run this year after returning from a torn triceps.


text:
TransUnion is the new trading name of Callcredit in the UK. The usual high levels of service and products will continue as normal whilst we update the brand over the coming months.
Using a blend of our products and services, we can support your business through the complete customer lifecycle. View All
About Us
At Callcredit we empower information, transforming it into insights that help businesses and consumers. We enable businesses to build more productive relationships with existing and new customers, and help people to take control of their own financial future. With offices throughout the world, we work with business across sectors including financial services, retail, utilities, public sector and insurance. Our deep knowledge base allows us to conceptualise and develop innovative new software that brings data to life in new and exciting ways. This means, whether you are at work or at home, with Callcredit you can be confident in the decisions that you are making.
"We're delighted with the benefits we have seen so far, which is a result of the strong partnership we have with Callcredit, and we look forward to continuing to build on that in the future"Sean Pape - Head of Secured Credit Risk - Santander UK
Trusted by
News 11/07/2017
Callcredit partners with DueDil for enhanced checks with the launch of 'KYC for Business'
News 26/06/2017
UK organisations set sights on affordability and unstructured data to improve the customer experience
News 21/06/2017
Callcredit accelerates international expansion with acquisition of leading Spanish fraud and anti-money laundering software solutions business


text:
Seven-year hitch: Duffy's an anchor in a storm
NBC29 News at Sunrise anchor Beth Duffy looks fresh and alert– even sunny– as the weekday broadcast begins at 5:30am.
What viewers don't know: she not a morning person, but they'll never catch her discreetly stifling a yawn during the early news broadcasts.
They also have no clue that behind the anchor desk, where a neatly coiffed Duffy appears crisp in a tailored jacket, she might be wearing jeans on a cold day.
"I haven't done this before," says Duffy, sitting down to be quizzed by another reporter. Since her days as a communications studies major at Virginia Tech, she's been the one doing the interviews.
Duffy seemed destined for the anchor desk. She and her fraternal twin sister grew up in a household where they were always reading the newspaper, and she remembers sitting at the dining room table reading the news in front of their parents.
She did the requisite internships at TV stations during college, including the big city WUSA in Washington, and got a job out of college doing cable news.
But then Duffy's broadcast career took an atypical twist. "I wanted to take off for awhile," she explains. While her friends had enjoyed summers off, she'd been doing those internships. She'd always lived in small towns, and she was ready for something different– like driving out to L.A. and working retail in Beverly Hills.
Returning to the East Coast, she took a job in banking in Raleigh and was out of the business for seven years, a huge absence in television time. "I reevaluated and wanted to be in broadcast again," she says.
That meant starting over again– in Kirksville, Missouri– where she produced and anchored the morning news, and then she shot, edited and reported stories for the evening news.
A lot of NBC 29 reporters hit the airwaves fresh from college, and the station is a stepping stone to bigger markets. Not for Duffy. She's been anchoring the morning news for seven years now, and this stage in her life, seems content in the number 185 market.
Her alarm clock goes off at 3am. She's at the station by 4, and ready to be on the air by 5:30am for an hour and a half. And no, she doesn't have someone to do her hair and make-up à la Katie Couric.
The early rising means that by 8am, "I have no problem eating spaghetti or sushi," she says. "That's lunchtime for me." After the noon news, she's off at 1pm.
The 3am wake-up call also means she's in bed around 7 or 8pm. "If I have a function in the evening, I'll take a nap," she says.
Despite the sleep deprivation, Duffy likes doing the morning news. "I like the people I work with," she says. "If you're going to come in that early, you want it to be fun."
And as poised as she is on camera, she confesses to a laughing attack on the air with former co-anchor Bill Duval. "We had to go to break," she recalls.
Duffy shares one other secret from the NBC29 newsroom. Kids who think they might get a snow day by calling in and canceling school can forget about it: there's a special code for superintendents just to prevent such unauthorized school closings.
Thanks for that report, Beth. And now Norm with the weather...
Age: 35
Why here? Ideal-sized city with a lot to offer, plus it's close to family.
What's worst about living here? Dating scene– lack thereof.
Favorite hangout? Mas, Blue Light
Most overrated virtue? Can't think of any.
People would be surprised to know: I have a fraternal twin sister in Richmond.
What would you change about yourself? Get more sleep.
Proudest accomplishment? I drove cross-country by myself on a spur-of-the-moment move from VA to L.A.
People find most annoying about you: Neat freak
Whom do you admire? Other than my parents, Laura Bush.
Favorite book? Tuesdays With Morrie
Subject that causes you to rant? People who are mean to their tired kids in stores, last-minute losses by VT, old aunts asking why I'm not married yet.
Biggest 21st-century thrill? Becoming godmother to my nephew, Duffy.
Biggest 21st-century creep out? Finding out a lot about a person with the click of a mouse.
What do you drive? Hyundai Santa Fe
In your car CD player right now: Earth, Wind and Fire's Greatest Hits
Next journey? OBX with family
Most trouble you've ever gotten in? Speeding ticket
Regret: Not buying a house sooner in Charlottesville.
Favorite comfort food: Chips and dip
Always in your refrigerator: Water and spaghetti sauce
Must-see TV: The Travel Channel
Favorite cartoon: Flintstones
Describe a perfect day. Sleeping in, taking a walk in 70-degree weather, kicking back in a hammock reading magazines
Walter Mitty fantasy: Playing violin with Boyd Tinsley on tour with DMB.
Who'd play you in the movie? Sandra Bullock
Most embarrassing moment? Not having my speech at the podium during high school graduation.
Best advice you ever got? Give everyone a smile; it may be the only smile they get that day.
Favorite bumper sticker? Speak your mind even if your voice shakes.
Beth Duffy


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BRUSSELS/ANKARA (Reuters) - NATO ambassadors met on Wednesday to consider a Turkish request for the deployment of Patriot missiles near its border with Syria as the conflict in its southern neighbor deepens.
The move highlights Ankara's fears that the situation on its border could deteriorate rapidly and echoes its calls for military support during the two Gulf Wars, when NATO deployed surface-to-air missiles on its soil in 1991 and 2003.
Turkey formally made the request after weeks of talks with NATO allies about how to shore up security on its 900-km (560-mile) border. It has repeatedly scrambled fighter jets along the frontier and responded in kind to stray Syrian shells flying into its territory.
The head of NATO said the alliance would discuss the request "without delay". Ambassadors from the 28 NATO members convened a meeting at the military alliance's Brussels headquarters.
"Such a deployment would augment Turkey's air defense capabilities to defend the population and territory of Turkey," Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said. "It would contribute to the de-escalation of the crisis along NATO's south-eastern border."
Turkey is reluctant to be drawn into a regional conflict but the proximity to its border of bombing raids is testing its pledge to defend itself. It has found itself increasingly isolated and frustrated by a lack of international action.
A major player in supporting Syria's opposition and planning for the post-conflict era, Turkey is worried about Syria's chemical weapons, the refugee crisis along its border, and what it says is Syrian support for Kurdish militants on its own soil.
"The missile request is totally based on a defensive perspective, for the protection of NATO territories, there is no kind of aggressive intention from our side," a Turkish government official said, adding that the missiles were only one part of the contingency planning.
"Our worst case scenario is firstly a huge refugee influx ... and secondly what the international community would do if Syrians trying to escape to Turkey are shot at," he said.
"If there are tens of thousands waiting on the border and they are attacked, what would be the response."
Concerns in Ankara deepened last week with an air assault by forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad on the rebel-held frontier town of Ras al-Ain, which triggered some of the biggest refugee movements since the 20-month-old conflict began.
More than 120,000 Syrian refugees are sheltering in camps in southern Turkey and with winter setting in and millions of people estimated to be short of food inside Syria, there are concerns many more will pour in.
Turkey has led calls for a buffer zone to be set up inside Syria where refugees could be safely sheltered, a move which would need to be policed by foreign air power to be credible, but the idea has gained little international traction.
Rasmussen has said any missile deployment would be a defensive measure to counterattacks, and not to enforce a no-fly zone. Rebels have called for a no-fly zone as they are almost defenseless against Syria's air force.
Germany, the Netherlands and the United States, are the only three NATO allies with appropriate Patriot surface-to-air missile systems available.
German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle said on Wednesday he had told his ambassador to NATO to approve Turkey's request, while the Dutch government said it would consider it.
U.S. ambassador to NATO Ivo Daalder said on his Twitter account that no immediate decision was expected on Wednesday.
The Patriot missiles deployed to Turkey during the Gulf Wars were provided by the Netherlands.
Ankara twice this year has invoked Article 4 of the NATO charter which provides for consultations when a member state feels that its territorial integrity, political independence or security is under threat.
But some experts said deploying Patriots to Turkey would be partly symbolic, aimed at showing that NATO was behind Turkey.
Manufacturer Raytheon says Patriot provides "a reliable and lethal capability to defeat advanced threats, including aircraft, tactical ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and UAVs (drones)".
Reporting by Sebastian Moffett and Justyna Pawlak; Writing by Nick Tattersall; Editing by Michael Roddy


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Are you in the United States?
Visit our U.S.A. & International site for relevant pricing, distribution and product availability information.Go to StarTech.com
2-port DisplayPort KVM Switch - USB 2.0 - 4K 30Hz
Control two DisplayPort, USB-equipped PCs with a single monitor, keyboard and mouse peripheral set
Product ID: SV231DPU2
- Astonishing picture quality with support for video resolutions up to 4K
- Maximum productivity with multi-system access
- Hassle-free operation with hotkey and push-button switching (hot keys supported in Windows only)
- 7.1 digital audio support
- Full plug-and-play support with USB keyboards, mice, and connected peripherals
- Supports resolutions up to 3840 x 2160 @ 30Hz
- No driver or software required
- Supports DDC2B pass through
- Works with Mini-DisplayPort, HDMI, and DVI adapters
This versatile USB KVM switch lets you share a DisplayPort workstation with two computer systems, providing control of a DP monitor, keyboard & mouse, plus an additional USB peripheral device.
To ensure compatibility with your setup, this KVM switch was rigorously tested with the most popular platforms including Windows®, Linux® and Mac computers, and is powered through your USB peripherals, meaning you won't require an external power source.
Astonishing 4K Picture Quality
With support for resolutions up to 4K at 30hz you'll be amazed at how this DisplayPort KVM flawlessly manages your graphics-intensive content. At four times the resolution of high-definition 1080p, this lossless performance makes the switch ideal solution for high-resource applications such as graphic design, CAD / CAM design, or health care imaging (MRI, radiology diagnostics, etc.).
Plus, the KVM switch also supports 1080p displays, which makes it a great accessory for home, office or other workspace applications.
Multi-system access
Featuring DisplayPort 1.1 with 7.1 digital audio, plus a 3-port USB hub for your keyboard, mouse and an additional USB peripheral device, this KVM switch is perfect for accessing two separate systems using the same workstation - ideal for server control, simplifying access to multiple computer systems.
Hassle-free operation
This 2-port KVM delivers effortless operation with hardware and software switching, providing a simple yet comprehensive solution for switching between each connected computer. The switching software that's included gives you on-demand switching using an intuitive video interface. Hotkey control is also available when working with Windows computers, plus the switch features an easy-to-access toggle switch located on the front.
- To achieve the maximum resolution of 4K at 30Hz, a video source and display that support that resolution are required.
- Hotkey switch commands are only supported when using Windows computers.
The SV231DPU2 is backed by a 2-year StarTech.com warranty and free lifetime technical support.
- Control two computer systems from a single workstation
- View the high-resolution video output on medical and healthcare equipment such as MRI and X-Ray machines
- Edit high resolution video through the KVM switch
- View the video output of satellite topography equipment with console control
The StarTech.com Advantage
- Maintain your video quality even through a DisplayPort KVM, with resolution support up to 4K
- Maximize your productivity by accessing two computers simultaneously, with a 2-port KVM switch
Product Numbers
UPC Code
Technical Specifications
|Warranty Information
|2 Years
|Cables Included
|Industry Standards
|KVM Ports
|Number of Monitors Supported
|PC Interface
|PC Video Type
|Audio Specifications
|7.1 digital audio (dependent on supporting display and video sources)
|DVI Support
|Yes - Dual Link
|General Specifications
|To achieve the maximum resolution of 4K at 30Hz, a video source and display that support that resolution are required.
Hotkey switch commands are only supported when using Windows computers.
|Hot-Key Selection
|IP Control
|Maximum Digital Resolutions
|4K - 3840 x 2160 @ 30Hz (supporting video source and display required)
|Maximum Number of Users
|On-Screen Display
|Port Selection Support
|Push Button and Hotkeys
|Video Revision
|DisplayPort 1.1
|Wide Screen Supported
|Console Interface(s)
|1 - DisplayPort (20 pin) Female
|3 - USB Type-A (4 pin) USB 2.0 Female
|Host Connectors
|2 - DisplayPort (20 pin) Female
|2 - USB B (4 pin) Female
|Special Notes / Requirements
|For audio support the display must support DisplayPort audio, and the source and display must have compatible DisplayPort revisions
|LED Indicators
|1 - Port 1 active LED
|1 - Port 2 active LED
|Power Source
|Operating Temperature
|0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F)
|Storage Temperature
|-20°C to 60°C (-4°F to 140°F)
|Physical Characteristics
|Cable Length
|1.2 m [3.9 ft]
|Product Height
|2.5 cm [1 in]
|Product Length
|17.7 cm [7 in]
|Product Width
|82 mm [3.2 in]
|Weight of Product
|346 g [12.2 oz]
|Packaging Information
|Package Height
|72 mm [2.8 in]
|Package Length
|24.3 cm [9.6 in]
|Package Width
|19 cm [7.5 in]
|Shipping (Package) Weight
|888 g [31.3 oz]
|What's in the Box
|Included in Package
|1 - 2-Port DisplayPort KVM Switch
|2 - 4 ft (1.2 m) DisplayPort KVM Cables
|1 - Instruction Manual
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2 Port Dual DisplayPort USB KVM Switch with Audio & USB 2.0 Hub
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2 Port Professional USB DisplayPort KVM Switch with Audio
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4 Port USB DisplayPort KVM Switch with Audio
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4-Port DisplayPort KVM Switch - USB 3.0 - 4K 30Hz
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2 Port USB DisplayPort Cable KVM Switch w/ Audio and Remote Switch - USB Powered
Control two DisplayPort®, USB equipped PCs with a single monitor, keyboard, mouse and audio peripheral set
DisplayPort 1.2 Cable with Latches - Certified, 6 ft
Create high-resolution 4K x 2K connections with HBR2 support between your DisplayPort equipped devices
6 ft USB 2.0 Certified A to B Cable - M/M
Connect USB 2.0 peripherals to your computer
10 ft USB 2.0 Certified A to B Cable - M/M
Connect USB 2.0 peripherals to your computer
15 ft USB 2.0 A to B Cable - M/M
Connect USB 2.0 peripherals to your computer
Product Support
Windows Version: 126.96.36.199
Mac Version: 2.0
Data Sheets
Frequently Asked Questions
Before You Buy
KVM stands for Keyboard Video Mouse and KVM switches allow you to switch the use of a keyboard, display and mouse between multiple computers. KVM switches also commonly let you switch audio and USB devices between computers.
There are different types of KVM switches as well.
- Standard box KVM switches. (e.g. SV231USB)
- Cable KVM switches. (e.g. SV211USB)
- Multi-Monitor KVM switches. (e.g. SV231DDUSB)
- IP KVM switches. (e.g. SV841HDIE)
Standard box and cable KVM switches are a simple way to switch the use of a keyboard, display, and mouse between multiple computers. Multi-monitor KVM switches allow you to switch multiple displays between computers, and IP KVM switches allow you to remotely control the KVM switch and connected computers over a network.
Here are some important things to consider before purchasing a KVM switch.
- How many computers do you need to control? Purchase a KVM switch that supports the number of computers in your setup.
- Which video connections do your computers and display(s) support? It is best practice to use the same video connections wherever possible.
- Will you be using a PS/2 or USB mouse and keyboard?
- Do you need multiple monitor support? Ensure every computer can support the number of monitors you are looking to use in your setup.
- Do you need audio support?
- What resolution(s) do you want your display(s) running at? The KVM switch must support the resolution(s) you want to use.
- Would you like hotkey support? Some KVM switches support the use of hotkey combinations to complete tasks such as switching between computers.
There are a couple of other important things you may want to take note of:
- Some KVM switches require proprietary cables to function. These KVM cables may vary by each KVM switch. For StarTech.com KVM switches that require proprietary cables, the KVM switches will either come with these cables, or they will be listed in the Accessories tab on the individual product pages. For more information, see our video dedicated to KVM switch cables.
- Basic mice and keyboards are recommended for use with KVM switches. Wireless, gaming or combo mice and keyboards (mice and keyboards that use a single USB connection / receiver for both units) can cause performance issues, and in general, are not supported for use with KVM switches.
It can be difficult to tell which ones are right for the KVM switch you are interested in. How can you tell which KVM cables you require? How can you tell if a KVM switch requires proprietary cables? How do these cables work?
Standard KVM Switches and Cables
Note: You will need one bundle of KVM cables per computer you want to connect to the KVM switch.
Standard KVM switches have no special cable requirements. If you have spare video and PS/2 or USB cables, you can use them to hook up the KVM switch to your computers. StarTech.com still sells KVM cable packages, but they are just for the convenience of buying them in bundles and usually involve some savings. Keep in mind that even if you have some of the cables you need, it still might be advantageous to buy the bundle.
KVM Switches with Opposite Gender Video Connections
Some KVM switches use male video connections for the computers and female video connections for the console ports. In this case you simply need a video extension cable, or a KVM cable package appropriate to the KVM switch. This is so you cannot accidentally plug cables from your computer into the console ports.
KVM Switches Requiring Proprietary Cables
KVM switches can also use proprietary KVM cables to connect to the individual computers. This is often done with larger KVM switches and KVM switches intended for a server environment. These cables use a proprietary pinout which does not conform to the video standard in use, as the cable carries both the video and PS/2 or USB data along a single cable.
If you are unsure whether or not you need special cables, complete the following:
- Check the Technical Specifications tab on the individual product pages for What's in the Box. This section lists everything that comes with your purchase, and your KVM switch might come with the cables.
- Check the Accessories tab. This section lists potential accessories for the product you are looking at. StarTech.com will list the appropriate KVM cables for the KVM switch here.
- Check the Gallery and look at a picture of the back of the KVM switch.
Note: If there are no PS/2 or USB ports on the back of the KVM switch other than for the console, you will require proprietary cables.
If at this point you require further assistance in deciding which cables to purchase with your StarTech.com KVM switch, contact our technical support team.
This device outputs DisplayPort video signals. If you have a display or video destination that uses another type of video connection, there are ways that you can convert the video signal or connection. These options are outlined below and organized by the target connection.
Passive and active conversions
The converter that you require depends on the type of DisplayPort video source that you are using. For more information about converting DisplayPort video signals, refer to the following FAQ: https://www.startech.com/faq/DisplayPort_Converter_DP_Multi_Mode.
|Target connection
|Passive conversion
|Active conversion
|DisplayPort to VGA: https://www.startech.com/AV/Displayport-Converters/DP-VGA/.
DisplayPort to DVI: https://www.startech.com/AV/Displayport-Converters/DP-DVI/?filter_CONVERTTYPE=Passive.
|DisplayPort to DVI: https://www.startech.com/AV/Displayport-Converters/DP-DVI/?filter_CONVERTTYPE=Active.
|DisplayPort to HDMI: https://www.startech.com/AV/Displayport-Converters/DP-HDMI/?filter_CONVERTTYPE=Passive.
|DisplayPort to HDMI: https://www.startech.com/AV/Displayport-Converters/DP-HDMI/?filter_CONVERTTYPE=Active.
This device has a DisplayPort input port. If you have a video source that uses another video connection, there are options available to convert the video signal or connection. These options will be outlined below for each video source connection.
Note: You might need to use more than one converter as part of your solution; however, you should try to use the least number of converters and cables to connect your source and destination. If you have the option to convert from multiple source video connections, choose the option that requires the fewest number of conversions.
Source connection
First conversion
Second conversion (if required)
VGA to HDMI: https://www.startech.com/AV/Converters/Video/?filter_AVINPUT=VGA&filter_AVOUTPUT=HDMI.
HDMI to DisplayPort: https://www.startech.com/AV/Converters/Video/?filter_AVINPUT=HDMI&filter_AVOUTPUT=DisplayPort.
DVI to HDMI: https://www.startech.com/Cables/Audio-Video/Video-Adapter/HDMI-Cable-Adapters/.
HDMI to DisplayPort: https://www.startech.com/AV/Converters/Video/?filter_AVINPUT=HDMI&filter_AVOUTPUT=DisplayPort.
HDMI to DisplayPort: https://www.startech.com/AV/Converters/Video/?filter_AVINPUT=HDMI&filter_AVOUTPUT=DisplayPort.
- Turn off all of the computers and monitors that will be connected to the KVM switch.
- Connect the power adapter to the KVM switch.
- Connect the video cables from your monitors to the console video port on the KVM switch.
- Turn on the monitors.
- Connect your keyboard and mouse to the console PS/2 or USB ports on the KVM switch.
- If you have not done so already, change the KVM switch to focus on port 1.
- Connect the video cables from PC1 to the KVM switch.
- Connect the PS/2 or USB cables from PC1 to the PC1 PS/2 or USB ports on the KVM switch.
- Turn on PC1. You should see the computer load the operating system that you are using on PC1.
- Make sure that the mouse and keyboard can control PC1.
- Repeat steps 4 to 8 for each additional computer that you want to connect to the KVM switch. Leave the computer in focus until you make sure that the mouse and keyboard can control the computer in step 8.
There are some quick tests that you can perform to rule out potential issues. Start by turning off all of the connected computers and peripherals, unplugging everything from the KVM, including power, and leaving it for 10 seconds. Then connect everything to the KVM following the procedure in the following FAQ: https://www.startech.com/faq/kvm-switches-setup.
You can test to make sure that the following components are working correctly and are not the source of the issue:
Video cables
KVM switch
Video source (such as a DVR or computer)
Video destination (such as a monitor or projector)
Note: When you are testing your setup components, it is recommended that you avoid using any video adapters. For example, if you are converting a VGA source to HDMI to be used with an HDMI extender, you should test with an HDMI source.
To test your setup components, try the following:
Use the video cable, KVM switch, video source, and video destination in another setup to see if the problem is with the components or the setup.
Use a different video cable, KVM switch, video source, and video destination in your setup to see if the problem persists. Ideally, you should test a component that you know works in another setup.
When you test your cables, it is recommended that you do the following:
Test each cable individually.
Use short cables when you are testing.
When you test the video source and video destination, it is recommended that you do the following:
Remove the KVM switch from your setup and test to make sure that the video source and video destination work together without the KVM switch.
Test to make sure that the video source and video destination work together at the resolution that you want to use.
Note: In order for your setup to work properly, the video source, KVM switch, and video destination all need to support the resolution that you are using.
There are four troubleshooting actions that you can try if some but not all of the ports and your computer are working with the KVM switch.
- To determine if a specific cable is the source of the problem, switch the cables that connect the KVM switch to the computers to one working port and computer, and one port and computer that is not working. Keep the computer plugged into the same ports and only switch the cables. If the issue persists when you switch cables, the issue may be with the cable itself.
- To determine if the problem is between the computer and the KVM switch, using the same cables, connect the KVM switch to one computer that is working and one computer that is not working. If the issue persists when you switch computers, follows the issue may be with the computer and the KVM switch.
- Try reinitializing the KVM. This is done by following the setup instructions on the website.
- To determine if the KVM switch is the source of the problem, if you have another KVM switch, disconnect the current KVM switch and connect the second KVM switch.
If the keys on your keyboard are repeating, complete the following:
- If the KVM you are using has USB ports, you can move your keyboard to the USB hub port on the back of the KVM (the USB hubs are marked).
Note: When you move the keyboard out of the keyboard port, you will not be able to access the hotkeys.
- You can adjust the typematic rate in your operating system's settings. Depending on the version of Windows you are running, you can adjust the typematic rate by doing one of the following:
- Click Control Panel > Keyboard > Speed. Adjust the repeat delay and repeat rate until the keys no longer repeat.
- Click Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Devices and Printers. Right-click Keyboard Settings. Adjust the repeat delay and repeat rate until the keys no longer repeat.
To output 4K to a DisplayPort display at 30Hz, your monitor must support the resolution and refresh rate. If your monitor also supports 4K at 60Hz (DP 1.2 or higher), you may also need to set the monitor to work at 30Hz.
To resolve this issue, use the buttons on your monitor to change the DisplayPort settings to DP1.1. For more information about how to change your monitor settings, refer to the website of the manufacturer of your monitor.
Common Issues
The Display Data Channel (DDC) communication from the connected Computer can be disrupted. This causes the Computer to revert to a basic display configuration. Any windows open may resize and/or move to a single Display. This behavior is common among high-resolution or Multi-Display DisplayPort KVM Switches and is not exclusive to StarTech.com products.
To avoid this behavior, a DisplayPort EDID Emulator can be connected between the Computer and the DisplayPort KVM Switch. The DisplayPort EDID Emulator maintains the DDC communication to the connected Computer, which prevents the Computer from reverting to a more basic display configuration.
Compliance and Safety
Compliance Letters
Safety Measures
- If product has an exposed circuit board, do not touch the product under power.
- If Class 1 Laser Product. Laser radiation is present when the system is open.
- Wiring terminations should not be made with the product and/or electric lines under power.
- Product installation and/or mounting should be completed by a certified professional as per the local safety and building code guidelines.
- Cables (including power and charging cables) should be placed and routed to avoid creating electric, tripping or safety hazards.
* Product appearance and specifications are subject to change without notice.


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John Stokes (pictured) sailed as both a skipper and crew in Harvard's win at the Southern New England Team Race (Gil Talbot).
Sailgroove Coverage:
Alan Palmer and John Stokes interview
Harvard Brings an Army
NEW LONDON, Conn. – The Harvard coed sailing team lost only one race while capturing 14 victories to win the Southern New England Team Race over the weekend. The win is the third of the spring season for the Crimson.
A total of 11 Crimson sailors competed in the event with a combination of four skippers and eight different crews on the water for Harvard. Alan Palmer, John Stokes, Tedd Himler and Brendan Kopp shared the skipper duties for the Crimson. Quincy Bock, Meghan Wareham, Sarah Pierson and Alma Lafler each served as crews for multiple races, while William White, Stokes, Jason Michas and Luke O'Connor each represented Harvard in one race.
After the first day of racing, Harvard sat in second with a 7-0 record behind Boston College which had sailed to a 9-0 record. After the second day of round-robin racing was completed, a three-way tiebreaker was held between Harvard, BC and Roger Williams to decide the victor. The tiebreaker, won by the Eagles, would prove to be unnecessary, though, after the Crimson won a protest over the Eagles to give Harvard the regatta win. The Crimson finished with a 14-1 record, ahead of Roger Williams at 13-2.
Harvard also sailed in the Boston University Trophy, taking 10th place in the event with a score of 226. The host Terriers won with a score of 89.
The women's sailing squad competed at the Dellenbaugh Trophy, finishing in 15th place. Brown, the host of the event, finished atop the leaderboard with a low score of 139.


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Davis in historic company, could be poised for big year
Mays, McGwire and Cruz each followed early homer streaks with memorable seasons
It became very clear very quickly that the 1971 season would be a special one for Willie Mays. The Say Hey Kid's four-game homer streak to open a season was the first in MLB history. Later, Mays -- in his final full year as a Giant -- helped lead San Francisco to a National League West crown in an epic pennant race against the arch-rival Dodgers.
That pattern held true for St. Louis' Mark McGwire, who mashed a home run in each of his first four games in 1998. Of course, McGwire went on to shatter Roger Maris' 37-year-old, single-season home run mark by crushing 70 long balls in an epic pursuit of baseball's most storied record.
The 2011 regular season wasn't anything special for Nelson Cruz, aside from his becoming the third player to start the year with a four-game homer streak. But that was before he pieced together one of the most memorable postseasons of all time, including a record-tying eight playoff homers and two extra-inning shots in the American League Championship Series -- one a walk-off grand slam.
Who is next in line for a special year after an historically torrid start? Looks like it's Baltimore's Chris Davis, who has a chance to break the season-opening home run streak Saturday night against the Twins at 7:05 p.m. ET on MLB.tv.
Until Friday, Mays, McGwire and Cruz were the only players to begin a season with at least one home run in the first four games of a season. They each went on to accomplish big things later on that year.
Davis joined the trio of sluggers with his eighth-inning grand slam against Minnesota on Friday. He has the chance to eclipse the record with a dinger on Saturday night, when Vance Worley takes the hill for the Twins.
None of the previous three homered in their fifth contest. In fact, only Mays drove in a run that day -- he twice plated Bobby Bonds (with a first inning triple and a third inning double).
All three came down to earth relatively quickly after their four-game season-starting outbursts. Mays didn't homer for five more games, and McGwire didn't hit another for eight more games. Cruz went 1-for-his-next-7 before going deep in the second game of a doubleheader after a three-game homerless drought.
The key to sustaining any home run streak is the ability to work the ball to all fields and to drive all pitches. Once a player crushes a certain pitch in a certain location, it's very rare he'll see that same pitch again any time soon. Take a look at the home runs the lefty-swinging Davis has hit thus far:
- A fastball up and in that he pulled to deep right
- A fastball low and away that he drove to left-center
- A changeup that he waited on and drove to right-center
- A slider that he went with to the opposite field
Seem fitting? Take a look at the pitches Cruz (a right-handed hitter) saw:
- A fastball up and in that he lifted to left
- A knuckler that he waited on and crushed to dead-center
- A fastball down and away that he crushed opposite field to the upper deck in right-center
- A changeup that he drove to left-center
At 27, Davis is easily the youngest player to accomplish the feat, eclipsing Cruz, who was 30 in 2011. McGwire was 34 and Mays was 39.
Mays was the only one to hit all four of his long balls on the road. Davis hit three in Tampa Bay before he headed home for his opposite-field slam at Camden Yards on Friday. All four of McGwire's homers came at the old Busch Stadium, and all four of Cruz's came at Rangers Ballpark.
So how did these streaks end?
It was St. Louis' Reggie Cleveland, who held Mays homer-less in his fifth game of the season in 1971. Mays actually sat out of the club's fifth game, as it was the first of a double header, and he played the nightcap, going 2-for-4 with the two RBIs.
San Diego's Kevin Brown gave up a single and a pair of walks to McGwire, but nothing more as he struck out the righty slugger twice before McGwire grounded out against closer Trevor Hoffman to end the streak.
In 2011, Seattle's Michael Pineda, making his first big-league start, held Cruz hitless.
Eight days later, Texas slugger Josh Hamilton was placed on the disabled list with a fracture in his right arm. Fittingly, the Rangers called up none other than Davis, whom they would soon send to Baltimore in a trade.
Now it's Davis' turn to take center stage, eyeing a record five-straight games with a homer to start the season and hoping he can turn the hot start into a magical year -- the way Mays, McGwire and Cruz did before him.


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If like me, you have children of a certain age, the recent return to school will have also signalled the return of another hardy annual that parents seem to love and loathe and equal measure.
And that's the junior football season swinging into gear once more.
There will be many mums and dads reading this with fear and dread, conjuring up soon to be realised thoughts of draughty, sub-zero touchines and mud in January, lie-ins cruelly forsaken for the joy of driving to some far-flung football field with a grumbling and half-asleep bekitted zombie at 8.30am.
Then there will be those at the other end of the scale - the ones who love nothing more to slip up on their trusty, well-worn boots and can be found rigging up netting and trying to put together complicated goalposts while the rest of us are still soundly sleeping in their beds.
Both my boys have been involved in junior football for many years now and I've become familiar with the Saturday training and Sunday match day routines. While I help out where I can, there are plenty more parents out there who put in much bigger shifts than me. The coaching dads, the mums running the tea and snacks stall, the poor parent roped in to running the touchline.
I can invariably be found among the huddle on the touchline, braving the rain, wind and cold but cheering on our little loved ones and willing them on to win.
OK, we all know it isn't about the winning, but of course, if you can return home in time for Sunday lunch with three points in the bag, it's all the better for it.
What many parents fail to realise when they are bellowing at what they deem to be poor refeering decisions or are haranguing some weeping seven-year-old to "get up" after a crunching tackle is that those involved in putting on the games are just other mums and dads - and volunteers at that.
They'd probably rather not be splashing around in the mud when it's minus two and barely light, but they do it for our children and to foster their love of the beautiful game.
Many treat matches like they are the World Cup Final - they're not.
They are a fun, sporting activity and youngsters should be able to play without fear of being yelled at by Mr Angry from behind the Respect tape.
We all know things can get heated in grudge games - and believe you me, I've seen a few unsavoury incidents over the years, sometimes from the youngsters themselves, but more often than not, ranting and raving parents who have let their tempers get the better of them.
It's the kind of thing none of us, and certainly not the kids, need to see. It is hardly providing them with suitable role models is it?
So next time you see your little Johnny scythed down face first into the grass, or a goal ruled out because someone is fractionally offside, don't work yourself into a frenzy or a rage.
Take a step back and remember that whatever anyone might say - it is, after all, just a game.


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Grand Hyatt Erawan Bangkok, Bangkok
- Free WiFi and free parking
- Collect nights
Grand Hyatt Erawan Bangkok, Bangkokfrom ¥17,522
- Club Room, 1 King Bed
- Club Room, 2 Twin Beds
- Deluxe Room, 1 King Bed
- Grand, Executive Suite, 1 King Bed
- Room, 1 King Bed
- Room, 2 Twin Beds
- Room, 1 King Bed, View
- Room, 2 Twin Beds, View
- Club Room, 1 King Bed, View
- Club Room, 2 Twin Beds, View
- Grand, Suite, 1 King Bed
- Cottage, 1 King Bed (Spa)
- Premier Suite
More great choices
What's around Grand Hyatt Erawan Bangkok, Bangkok
Top spots nearby
Recommended by this property
- Erawan Shrine (2-minute walk)
- CentralWorld Shopping Complex (3-minute walk)
- Siam Paragon Mall (6-minute walk)
- Pratunam Market (8-minute walk)
- Siam Center (8-minute walk)
- Embassy of the United States (9-minute walk)
- Jim Thompson House (14-minute walk)
Getting around
- Bangkok (BKK-Suvarnabhumi Intl.) - 39 min drive
- Bangkok (DMK-Don Mueang Intl.) - 32 min drive
- Bangkok Makkasan Station - 22 min walk
- Asok Railway Station - 14 min drive
- Bangkok Hua Lamphong Station - 14 min drive
- Chit Lom BTS Station - 5 min walk
- Ratchadamri BTS Station - 6 min walk
- Siam BTS Station - 9 min walk
- Airport shuttle (surcharge)
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 380 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 22 floors
- Check-in time starts at 3:00 PM
- Check-out time is noon
- Express check-in/out
Required at check-in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- Babysitting/childcare *
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in rooms
- Airport shuttle *
- Free valet parking
Payment types at the property
- Cash
In the hotel
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Buffet breakfast daily (surcharge)
- 8 restaurants
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee shop/café
- Poolside bar
- 24-hour room service
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Barbecue grills
- Outdoor pool
- Fitness facilities
- Outdoor tennis court
- Full-service spa
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Fitness classes on site
- Racquetball/squash on site
- Yoga classes/instruction on site
- Golfing nearby
- Health club
- Tennis on site
- Spa tub
- Steam room
- Sauna
- Business center
- Number of meeting rooms - 15
- Conference space
- Conference space size (feet) - 35521
- Conference space size (meters) - 3300
- Computer station
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Limo or Town Car service available
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Hair salon
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Wedding services
- Multilingual staff
- Porter/bellhop
- Elevator
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Designated smoking areas
- Terrace
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Wheelchair-accessible path of travel
- Arabic
- Chinese
- English
- Thai
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Coffee/tea maker
- Bathrobes
- Slippers
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Pillow menu
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Turndown service
- Premium bedding
- In-room massage available
- Private bathroom
- Separate bathtub and shower
- Hair dryer
- Pay movies
- Premium TV channels
- IPod docking station
- Desk
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Refrigerator
- Free bottled water
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
Also popular with travelers from the USA
Special features
The onsite spa has massage/treatment rooms. Services include hot stone massages, Thai massages, facials, and body wraps. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including aromatherapy and Ayurvedic.
DiningErawan Bakery - This coffee shop serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Erawan Tea Room - This restaurant serves lunch and dinner. Reservations are required. Open daily.
The Dining Room - This buffet restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Reservations are required. Open daily.
You & Mee - Onsite restaurant. Open daily.
Bar@494 - This bistro serves lunch and dinner. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar. Happy hour is offered. Reservations are required. Open daily.
On Site
- Fitness facilities
- Health club
- Outdoor tennis court
- Sauna
- Spa tub
- Steam room
- Tennis on site
- Fitness classes on site
- Racquetball/squash on site
- Yoga classes/instruction on site
- Golfing nearby
Grand Hyatt Erawan Bangkok, Bangkok's small print
Also known as
- Bangkok Grand Hyatt
- Grand Hyatt Erawan Bangkok Hotel Bangkok
- Hyatt Bangkok
- Hyatt Erawan Bangkok
- Grand Hyatt Erawan Hotel
- Grand Hyatt Erawan
- Hyatt Erawan Bangkok Bangkok
- Grand Hyatt Erawan Bangkok Hotel
- Grand Hyatt Erawan Bangkok Bangkok
- Grand Hyatt Erawan Bangkok Hotel Bangkok
- Bangkok Grand Hyatt Erawan
- Erawan Hyatt
- Grand Hyatt Erawan Bangkok
- Grand Hyatt Erawan Bangkok Hotel
- Hyatt Erawan
- Hyatt Erawan Hotel
- Bangkok Hyatt
- Grand Hyatt Bangkok
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
Optional extras
Rollaway beds are available for THB 1884.0 per night
Breakfast costs between THB 1060 and THB 1060 for adults, and THB 530 and THB 530 for children (approximately)
Babysitting/childcare is available for an extra charge
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge
We have included all charges provided to us by this property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the unit you book.
Recent reviews
Superb 9.2 From 474 reviews
Perfect!! Great location
Top, friendly service
Great place to stay, very clean and a great staff. Always smiling, friendly, and helpful. Nice rooms, good location. Quick walk to the sky train station.
Stayed at the hotel for 5 days on a trip with friends, who stayed at the intercontinental across the street. Very easy access to and from the hotel. The rooms were very modern and clean. They even have a local phone you can use in the city with Wifi and allows you to call international which was very nice (I did not use, but still a nice amenity to offer). I did not go to the pool or have any food there, so I can not comment on either of those, but my room was extremely comfortable, had many modern features and was a peaceful haven in a chaotic city.
Great trip - very good hotel , beautifully located with a good selection of excellent food outlets.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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The $126 million Grant Park Managed Futures Fund (GPFAX) has changed the way it invests, allowing it to stop disclosing certain fees and show a lower expense ratio.
Through a regulatory loophole, the fund's investment adviser, Knollwood Investment Advisors LLC, has found a way to hide a chunk of the fees it charges, according to Nadia Papagiannis, alternatives analyst at Morningstar Inc.
Other such funds have the ability to do the same, she said.
The Grant Park Fund, like about half the 35 managed-futures funds available, is a fund of commodity trading advisers, which manage commodity futures.
Knollwood executives say they're not hiding fees from investors; instead they call it an "accounting" issue.
In a major change, the fund has begun using swap agreements to access CTAs rather than having the CTAs manage a portion of the fund, Ms. Papagiannis said.
By doing so, the fund no longer has to disclose many of the management and performance fees it pays.
Previously, the fund had accessed its underlying CTAs through separately managed accounts. Each account acted like an individual investor in the CTA, so it was charged an expense ratio and a performance fee.
Those fees were disclosed in its prospectus as underlying fund fees, and the maximum performance fee was noted in a footnote.
"They were disclosing it. Now they're hiding it," Ms. Papagiannis said of the fees.
"We're trying to deliver the return stream of the best of breed managers," said Patrick Meehan, chief operating officer of Knollwood. "This is the best way to access that return stream."
The fund is taking on the extra cost of paying for the swap agreement and more counter-party risk, said Ms. Papagiannis
"We've gotten feedback from regulators and are using what we think are best practices," said Andrew Rogers, chief executive of Gemini Fund Services LLC, administrator of Grant Park Managed Futures Fund.
The fund isn't likely to be the only managed-futures fund to make the switch to swap agreements to shelter some of its management costs.
"The vast majority of these funds are leaning toward it," said Aisha Hunt, partner in the financial services practice at Dechert LLP.
The funds have also struggled with performance since the financial crisis. Because they employ trend-following strategies, the funds have suffered in the macro-driven, risk-on, risk-off environment that has been a market benchmark since 2008.
The managed-futures-fund category at Morningstar has a three-year annualized return of -5.63, and year-to-date through mid-November, the category was down almost 8%.
Regardless, the category continues to attract dollars, though flows have slowed tremendously. The funds had $652 million of inflows year-to-date through October, compared with $3.2 billion of inflows for all of last year, according to Morningstar.
For two straight years, advisers have ranked managed futures the strategy they were most likely to add, according to Morningstar & Barron's Alternative Investment Survey.
Managed-futures funds have the financial crash to thank for their staying power, as it was then that the strategies' diversification benefits were most apparent.