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I just installed a water garden, added fish and they died. What am I doing wrong? Jeff – Warrensburg, IL
Great Things Take Time
It feels great to finally stand back and take a look at your finished handy-work. A brand new beautifully decorated water feature full of crystal clear water. It looks so great you may even consider jumping in it yourself. So what wouldn't your fish love about it? It is important to analyze both the construction of your water garden as well as the water quality before you introduce your precious pets into their new home.
An "ideal" pond set up places your pond at a minimum depth of 18", in an area that is limited to a maximum of around 5-6 hours of sunlight a day and includes aeration, filtration and a bit of water circulation. This ensures that your fish will have adequate protection from harsh weather, and are being supplied clean oxygenated water. You will also want to make sure your new water feature provides enough of these amenities to accommodate all of your finned friends. So what if your pond makes the cut and passes your quality control inspection but your fish still didn't pull through?
While we consider tap water healthy by our standards, your fish may tend to disagree. When filling a newly constructed pond for the first time, you will want to make sure you rinse off all of the materials you are using (your rocks and plants for example) to make sure they are free of any potentially harmful contaminants. Harmful materials can be added to the pond regardless of whether you fill your pond with city water or well water. Well water can sometimes contain heavy metals while city water contains chlorides and other chemicals that are harmful to fish. You can detoxify and remove these harmful materials by adding treatments like Water Conditioner. The conditioner will not only neutralize the unwanted items from your water, it adds beneficial agents to the water body that improve the slime coat on your fish and increase their oxygen uptake resulting in happier, less stressed fish that are better protected against parasites and infections.
Once the pond is full and treated with conditioner you will still want to let the pond run on its own for a while to allow the water to commence its nitrogen cycle and balance. Without assistance the pond would take about 6 weeks to balance which, in our opinion, is too long. You can cut the wait down by adding PL Gel to your filtration media, using your Water Conditioner, and using beneficial bacteria like Nature's Defense®. Purchasing a Test Kit will allow you an opportunity to watch the nitrogen cycle at work. You will be able to track the spikes in ammonia, nitrites, and pH, and make sure they settle down to acceptable levels. Read more about the nitrogen cycle in this blog. You can also introduce a couple small, inexpensive fish into the pond to help the pond balance faster and to test the water and see if it is ready for your more valuable fish. If your test fish do just fine then it is safe to add new ones to the mix. Try to add only 1 or 2 fish at a time to make sure your pond has time to gradually adjust to the increased nutrient load and to see if your filtration is up to the task of keeping the pond filtered and free of algae. Taking a little time when adding fish to your new pond will save you money and tears from lost pets. While you may be excited to stock your new pond, let patience prevail and provide you seasons of enjoyment with your new water garden.
Pond Talk: Did you have any complications when adding fish to your new pond? What did you do to remedy the issue?
Filed under: Koi & Goldfish, Water Gardens & Features | Tagged: fish kill, water garden | 2 Comments »


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For the 21st consecutive year at the United Nations, the General Assembly today adopted a resolution calling for an end to the economic, commercial and financial blockade imposed by the United States against Cuba.
By a vote of 188 in favour to three against (Israel, Palau and the United States) with two abstentions (Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia), the Assembly reiterated its call to all States to refrain from promulgating and applying laws and measures not conforming with their obligations to reaffirm freedom of trade and navigation.
The 193-member Assembly "once again urges States that have and continue to apply such laws and measures to take the necessary steps to repeal or invalidate them as soon as possible," the text added. For
The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Cuba, Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla, told the Assembly during the debate that preceded the vote that the last four years of US President Barack Obama's administration has witnessed a "persistent tightening" of the blockade, which has been in place for over half a century.
"There is no legitimate or moral reason to maintain this blockade," he stated, adding that the use of "less strident and threatening rhetoric" and certain partial measures to relax the travel restrictions on residents of Cuban origin and others for academic, scientific or cultural purposes have failed to conceal the tightening of the blockade over the last four years.
"The blockade is one of the main causes of the economic problems of our country and the major obstacle to its economic and social development," he added.
The US delegate, Ronald Godard, said that his country, like others, determined the conduct of its economic relationships with other States based on its best interest. With regards to Cuba, the priority of President Obama's administration was to empower Cubans to determine their own future.
Today's resolution, he said, sought to "identify an external scapegoat" for Cuba's economic problems, where in fact they were caused by the country's policies over the last half a century.
Irrespective of US policy, it was "unrealistic" to expect Cuba to thrive unless it opened its monopolies, respected international property rights and allowed unfettered access to the Internet, among other things, the representative added.

subset: commoncrawl


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The federal kitty used to fix and build highways runs dry in August. It will be the second time in two years that the Highway Trust Fund, which was started in 1956 to build the Interstate system, hasn't collected enough gas-tax revenues to pay for critical needs in transport.
The reasons for the money shortfall are simple: With Americans driving less in a recession and also buying more-fuel-efficient vehicles, revenues from the gas tax are down. And it doesn't help that the federal fee of 18.4 cents per gallon hasn't been raised since 1993, despite inflation and more transport projects.
During the 2008 campaign, Barack Obama refused to endorse a gas-tax hike – and he still does. He sees it as adding a burden on the middle class and poor who must drive. But his argument weakened in recent days when he reversed himself on another campaign promise of not seeking a tax on employer-paid health benefits.
With the trust fund needing some $17 billion by September 2010, Mr. Obama should not let Congress again simply transfer that amount of money from general revenues to make up for the shortfall, as it did last year.
The US transport system is based on the concept of users paying for this government service. (The 2009 economic stimulus money that is designated for transport cannot be used by most states to make up for deficits in highway spending.) A user fee that generates a set amount of revenue also helps keep lawmakers from adding endless "earmarks" for pet transport projects in their districts.
A temporary revenue fix is also inappropriate because the law that authorizes the five-year US highway program expires Oct. 1. Congress is revving up to greatly alter the way that Americans get around.
The House plans to dramatically increase the program's spending from $286 billion to $450 billion. And a Senate bill would, for instance, require a total reduction in per capita motor vehicle miles traveled. It would also require that carbon dioxide emissions from surface transport be cut by 40 percent by 2030. And less of the nation's freight would be able to be carried by truck.
Obama's transportation secretary, Ray LaHood, even wants to get more Americans out of their cars. "We have to create opportunities for people that do want to use a bicycle or want to walk or want to get on a streetcar or want to ride a light rail," he says.
Such fresh thinking about the future of transport also requires fresh thinking on how to finance it. For now, that includes raising the gas tax as well as indexing it to inflation, although eventually government – both federal and state – will need to find other revenues from transport users.
Two recent commissions set up by Congress ask for immediate increases in the gas tax – one of them sought a 40-cent hike. But experts also point to other money sources as more vehicles, especially electric ones, use less gas.
One idea is to tax vehicles by miles driven. Oregon has had success in testing this method, although it raises privacy issues and critics say it penalizes those who buy fuel-efficient vehicles. And such a system would take years to implement.
In the meantime, Americans are stuck with raising the gas tax, as unpleasant as that might be.
It's time for the president to back it.


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Thus Climbed Zarathustra
Stephen Krchmer, the infamous journalist, put on a benefit race that was half alley-cat, half cyclo-cross. After a run-to-the-bike start you had to follow the route slip to a set of stairs, where you would hoist your bike up on your shoulder, run to the top, hop back on your bike and then race to the next set. Ten sets total throughout Echo Park and Silverlake. The race was really well run (thanks Stephen!) and about 30 people started it. There was even a prim and at the top of the last set the route sheet just said, 'Now find your way back to the start.' That's a little tougher than it sounds when you are oxygen deprived and disoriented. Nonetheless, fresh off the 508, Team Bonobo ruled it 1-2-3, all on fixed. Alec came up fourth on the tall bike. Yeah, he carried the tall bike up all those stairs.
Thanks Stephen, all the people/companies that donated prizes and everyone who raced and helped to raise money for Orlando. It is some fucked up irony that someone who was pictured in double-paged ads (as a courier) for an insurance company, can't afford health insurance.
Wire Donkey covered the race if you scroll down from here you can see it.
Alec: The cap is rad and all, but I bet you thought Jack was going to win, eh? He might be the only person who can pull off a cap with a 1st place ribbon on it. I am seriously stoked on the number of Alec caps I have now!


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Nutrition Facts
Ingredients and Preparation
*The harder the vegetable, the smaller it should be cut so that everything cooks evenly.
- Preheat oven to 400°F.
- Combine all of the vegetables and olive oil in a large bowl. Toss together and then season with salt and pepper. Toss again and then portion onto 2 large pieces (approximately 12 inches by 12 inches) of doubled up foil.
- Crumble cheese onto the top of the vegetables. Then fold up the ends of the foil and scrunch together to seal. Bake for 25 minutes. Open packets carefully to allow steam to escape. Slide veggies out of the packets and onto plates. Enjoy!


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Gibson Les Paul Studio 2016 T Pelham Blue 8lbs 8.8oz 466 USED
Year: 2016
Serial Number: 160073466
Weight: 8 lbs, 8.8 oz
We have listed this item as clean used as this trade in has been a "case Queen" it's whole life. Being a used item, it may have some minor play wear in the form of light pick scratches or dings (some of which are impossible to capture in photographs but we've done our best to do so with today's technology). Rest assured, we have attempted to disclose any known imperfections to the best of our ability and the instrument will still perform as intended. Most instruments would pass for brand new from other shops. If you want a brand new one in a factory sealed box, let us know because we can do that too! :)
Why buy from Melody Music Shop, LLC?
Located in Bloomington, Indiana, Melody Music Shop strives to maintain a diverse, high quality inventory along with exceptional customer service. We carry a wide range of instruments and accessories, including new and used guitars, band and orchestral instruments, pianos, amps, sound systems, and so much more!
With certified technicians on staff and a century + of experience between them all, you can rest assured any instrument you purchase from Melody Music Shop LLC is in the best condition possible! Our ENTIRE STORE is maintained at 50% humidity year round per manufacturer's stringent requirements. All items will be packaged carefully to ensure their safe arrival. Guitars will have their string tension lowered and packaged to manufacture specs or better. Melody Music Shop LLC guarantees quality products, fast shipping, and top-notch customer service!
Please contact us if you have any questions!
Layaway is an option!
- Layaway items require an initial down payment of 25%.
- Layaway items can be held here for up to 90 days.
- A payment of 25% (or more) is due on the 30th, 60th, and 90th day from the layaway start date (although payments may be made before the scheduled due date).
- The item will ship immediately following payment in full, which may be before the 90 day layaway period.
- There are no returns on layaway items. There are no refunds of payments towards a layaway item.
- Please contact us with any further questions regarding our layaway policy!
Items purchased from our store will ship out within 1 business day of receiving payment. FedEX Ground or Home Delivery, fully insured, will be used for shipping instruments and large items. Items over $200 will require a signature. Accessories and other small items will be shipped via USPS Priority Mail.
We accept PayPal and will only ship to confirmed ship-to addresses listed on the PayPal account.Credit Cards
We accept Visa, Discover, Mastercard, and American Express. The shipping and billing address must match in order for us to ship the item to that address.Payments via Reverb are safe and secure too!
Thank you for looking :)


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This item is gently used with minor signs of wear (cracked graphic).
Under Armour has set the standard in performance apparel since its founding. A necessity for every athlete, this gear keeps you dry and cool when competing or working out. The brand is constantly innovating, so you know you'll always get the best when it comes to activewear. Their products work with your body to keep you at the top of your game.Shop all Under Armour
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|Authored By: Polly Pitchford, Full Spectrum Health
|Fill celery sticks with pate and garnish with red pepper strips and a caper.
|Diet Types: Vegan, Vegetarian
|Serves: 6
|Cooking Time: 30 minutes - one hour
|Steam the beans until tender, about 10-12 minutes. Set aside. Meanwhile, roast the walnuts on a cookie sheet in a 350 degree oven for 10 minutes. Cool. Heat oil in a skillet over medium heat, add the onions and sauté for 3 minutes. Add the salt, reduce heat, and cook, covered, until soft. Grind the walnuts in a food processor. Add the beans and onions and process until thoroughly blended. Add the lemon juice and the pepper and nutmeg and process until blended. Adjust seasonings to taste.
|Printable Version
|E-mail a Friend


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Home -> Browse Galleries -> Northern Rockies Region -> Stone Mountain Park
Flower Springs Lake is in Stone Mountain Park, about a 2 hour hike in from the campsite at Summit Lake. There is a also a 50 ft waterfall and 2 more small lakes if you want to hike further up Mount St. George.
View as slideshow Gear notes Guestbook Gallery map
18 photos found in the category 'All' . sorting: 'publish order/descending order'. This gallery has 18 photos in total. Gallery was launched 2010-04-12. Combined page views in this gallery is 644002. Easy link to this gallery is http://www.dlpgraphics.ca/gallery_ee2/list.php?exhibition=104. Photo gallery code generated by Exhibit Engine 2.04. All rights reserved. All unauthorized usage forbidden.


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Seq - Artist - Song Title - Album - Country - Label - Cat no
1 - Bassekou Kouyate & Ngoni Ba - Andra's Song - Segu Blue - Mali - Out Here - OH 007
2 - Andy Palacio - Gaganbabidá - Watina - Belize - Stonetree - CMB-CD 3
3 - Son de la Frontera - Tanguillos De La Frontera - Cal - Spain -
amended after advice from Mike Gavin in reply below: available
in Spanish-speaking world: Nuevos Medios - NM 15 890 CD;
in rest of world: World Village/Harmonia Mundi 468069
4 - Justin Adams & Juldeh Camara - Njatigi - Soul Science - UK/Gambia - Wayward - WAYWARD704
5 - Sa Ding Ding - Holy Incense (Tibet Version) - Alive - China - Universal - 60251732006
6 - Rachid Taha - Josephine - Diwan 2 - Algeria - Wrasse - WRASS 181
There are still a few people sniping away at both the term 'world music' and the annual BBC Radio 3 Awards for World Music. The sceptics can so easily take their positions because they aren't involved in trying to launch or maintain an artist's career. Winning one of these Awards can be truly transformational – just ask Portuguese Fado singer Mariza, who credits them with launching her as an international artist, or the Spanish rumba/rock group Ojos de Brujo, who suddenly found themselves being invited to take part in rock festivals that had previously kept their gates firmly shut.
So which of these winners are likely to find their lives comparably affected?
Bassekou Kouyate
For the Malian ngoni player and band-leader Bassekou Kouyate, winning Awards for both best Album and Best African Artist was further confirmation of what had already become apparent – he is a front-line maestro to be mentioned in the same breath as his countrymen, Ali Farka Touré and Toumani Diabaté, in whose shadow he had been standing for some years. Some were surprised that Bassekou got the African Award ahead of Toumani, but for me there is no question that Bassekou's musical arrangements are infinitely more elegant than the cumbersome constructions of Toumani's Symmetric Orchestra.
Andy Palacio (centre) and the Garifuna Collective,
with Paul Nabor (right)
For Andy Palacio, we will never know how winning the Award for Best American Artists might affected his career, because he died at the age of 47 before the announcements were made. With producer Ivan Duran, Andy had helped to develop an entirely new, modern version of the music of the Garifunas of Belize and Honduras, and the fruits can be heard in the companion album, Umalali: The Garifuna Women's Project. What are the odds on Umalali scooping up the prize for next year's Awards? I'll lay my bet.
Son de la Frontera [photo copyright Hiro-acustic.jp]
Of all the winners in this show, Son de la Frontera may benefit the most from winning the European category, because it will help to set them aside from all the many other Spanish groups offering a modern version of flamenco. There is not much that is obviously revolutionary or unique about their music, but the mostly instrumental tracks of this Seville-based quintet manage to sustain the interest of this non-specialist listener, who is easily distracted from paying attention to such music.
Justin Adams, Juldeh Camara (with the Award)
with BBC Radio 3 presenter, Mary Ann Kennedy
It's too soon to tell what effect winning the Culture Crossing Award will have for Justin Adams & Juldeh Camara but their album grows mysteriously stronger by the month, and they may find it becomes the foundation for a solid career, as festival and concert promoters invite them to play on their bills.
Sa Ding Ding
Sa Ding Ding is so popular in China, she hardly needs our approval or plaudits, but she made a gracious acceptance speech at the event held in Dingwalls in North London to announce the winners. Amidst all the hurly burly of righteousness regarding Tibet, she maintains a discreet composure, and it is impossible to be sure what her feelings might be. But two tracks on her album are designated as the Tibet versions, so she is surely sympathetic to the cause.
Rachid Taha
Rachid Taha is an anomaly, a French Algerian rocker whose limited vocal range gets wearing after a while. His canny selection of catchy, anthemic tunes from Algeria's rich collection of songwriters has reached audiences unimpressed by the intricacies of more sophisticated musicians.


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Suunto Spartan Trainer Wrist HR Sandstone
Fast and free delivery from €200
Recommended: combine it with...
Suunto Smart Sensor Black Module
Characteristics Suunto Spartan Trainer Wrist HR Sandstone
Suunto Spartan Trainer is a beautifully designed GPS watch with optimal fit, ready to train how you want – whether you swim, cycle, hit the gym or run trails. Featuring convenient wrist HR measurement, the Trainer tracks your activity with calories and steps 24/7. Versatile sport and outdoor features make Spartan Trainer a natural partner as you push the city limits – and your own!
Product higlights
- Battery life 10h in training mode (up to 30h with power saving options)
- GPS tracking with speed, pace and distance
- Ready for all your sports: swimming, running, cycling, gym, hiking, and more
- Convenient wrist-based heart rate
- Compact size and optimal fit for sports and daily wear
Key features
Compact and durable
- Battery life 10h with best GPS accuracy (up to 30h with power saving options)
- 14 days battery life in time mode
- Convenient wrist HR measurement
- Compact size and optimal fit for sports and daily wear
- 50 m water resistant
For versatile outdoor and indoor training
- Ready to go: swimming, running, cycling, gym, hiking, and more
- GPS tracking with speed, pace and distance
- Customizable sport modes with graphs and automatic laps
- Create intervals on watch and follow on-screen guidance
- Heart rate zones on watch
- Find back safely with breadcrumb view of traveled route
- Route navigation with Points of Interest (POI) and Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)
Activite tracking & mobile notifications
- 24/7 tracking of your daily steps, calories and sleep
- Track your daily rest-HR value to know if you are stressed or over-trained
- Personalize your watch with customizable watch faces
- Get incoming calls, text and calendar notifications to your watch
Technical Specifications
- Bezel material: Stainless steel
- Glass material: Mineral crystal
- Case material: Glass fibre reinforced polyamide
- Strap material: Silicone
- Weight: 56 g / 1.98 oz
- Customizable watch faces
- Color display
- Water resistance: 50 m (according to ISO 6425)
- Battery indicator: percentage / icon
- Battery type: rechargeable lithium-ion
- Firmware upgradable
- Time, date
- Alarm clock: 1 configurable alarm
- Dual time
- Integrated wrist heart rate: yes, Valencell technology
- GPS timekeeping
- Stopwatch timer
- Vibration alert
- Languages: EN, CS, DA, DE, ES, FI, FR, IT, JA, KO, NL, NO, PL, PT, RU, SV, ZH*
- Backlight: ED
- Configurable backlight: mode
- Button lock: during exercise
- Display type: matrix
- Display resolution: 218 x 218
- Metric and imperial units
- Automatic daylight saving time
- Battery life in time mode: 14 days
- Activity monitoring: steps, calories
- Activity targets: steps, calories
- Heart rate assisted daily calories tracking
- Daily rest heart rate tracking
- Calorie burn rate and heart rate during daily activities
- Activity history
- Sleep tracking: Duration, average HR during sleep
Physical Specifications
- Operating temperature: -20° C to +60° C / -5° F to +140° F
- Storage temperature: -30° C to +60° C / -22° F to +140° F
- Recommended charging temperature: 0° C to +35° C / +32° F to +95° F
- Connectivity (between devices): Bluetooth Smart
- Compatible with Suunto Movescount
- Compatible with Suunto Movescount App
- Phone notifications on the watch: with Suunto Movescount App
- Compatible with online sports communities: Strava, TrainingPeaks, MapMyFitness and others (available in Suunto Movescount.com)
- Watch software updates from cloud
- Move transfer from watch to cloud via computer or mobile: USB cable / wireless
- Smartphone compatibility: Most common models supported, check here for detailed compatibility list
- Compatibility with Samsung Galaxy (Android version): S6: SM-G920F (5.0.2) S5: SM-G900V (5.0) S4: GT-I9500 (4.3) Note4: SM-N910K (5.1.1) S6 edge: SM-G925F (5.0.2) S5 Mini: SM-G800F (4.4.2) S4 Mini: GT-I9195 (4.4.2) Note3 LTE: SM-N9005 (4.4.2)
- Compatibility with Google Nexus: Nexus 6: Nexus 6 (6.0) Nexus 5: LG-D821 (6.0.1)
- Compatibility with Sony Xperia: Z1 Compact: D5503 (5.1.1) Z3 Compact: D5833 (5.1.1) Z3: D6603 (5.1.1) Z2: D6503 (5.1.1)
- Compatibility with LG: G3: LG-D855 (4.4.2) G2: LG-D802 (4.4.2)
- Compatibility with Huawei: Honor 7: Honor 7 (5.0.1) Mate 8: Mate 8 (6.0) Mi4: (6.0.1)
- Compatibility with Oneplus: One: A0001 (4.3)
- Compatibility with iPhone: 7, 7 Plus, 6/6S, 5/5C/5S
Outdoor functions
GPS tracking & navigation
- Satellite systems: GPS
- GPS recording rate: Best, Good, OK
- Waypoint and visual route navigation
- Zoom levels in navigation
- Auto zoom based on route shape
- Breadcrumb trail in real time
- Route planning with altitude profile: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Outdoor maps by satellite, terrain and topography in web by Mapbox, Google Maps & Android
- Track logging, viewing and sharing: in Suunto Movescount.com and with Suunto Movescount App
- GPS track analysis: in Suunto Movescount.com and with Suunto Movescount App
- Point of Interest (POI) navigation
- Routes to take into use from community: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Personal route library synced to watch: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Route planning with heatmaps: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Heatmaps to browse and show on Moves: in Suunto Movescount.com and with Suunto Movescount App
- ETA (estimated time of arrival), remaining distance
- Battery life, GPS active: 10 / 16 / 30 h
- GPS altitude
- Total ascent/descent: in exercise
- Vertical speed: in exercise
- Log recording rate: 1 s
- Resolution: 1 m
- Range: -500 - 9999 m
- Move altitude graph in Move summary
- Sunrise/sunset times
Training functions
- Target setting: duration
- Downloadable training plans: from Suunto Movescount.com
- Planned Move coming to Spartan: on watch
- Plans with descriptions
- Plan a week: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Coach made plans: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Coach to client communication: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Coach to supervise my public/private training: in Suunto Movescount.com
Interval training
- Setup intervals: on watch
- Interval guidance during training
- Interval analysis: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Interval set summary: in Suunto Movescount.com and with Suunto Movescount App
Heart rate (requires HR belt or wrist monitor)
- Heart rate measured from wrist
- Heart rate belt compatibility: Bluetooth Smart belts
- RR interval: with Suunto Smart Sensor
- Heart rate in beats per minute
- Records heart rate in swimming: yes, with Suunto Smart Sensor
- Real-time average heart rate
- Heart rate graph in real time
- Calories
- Peak Training Effect
- Recovery time
- Log recording rate: 1, 20 s
- Personal heart rate zones
- Analysis of heart rate graphs, zones and physiological values: in Suunto Movescount.com and with Suunto Movescount App
- Heart rate zones
Speed and distance
- GPS speed and distance
- Chrono
- Foot POD support: Bluetooth Smart
- Autolaps
- distance and duration based
- Manual laps
- Analysis of pace, speed graphs and tracks on the map: in Suunto Movescount.com and with Suunto Movescount App
- Lap analysis: in Suunto Movescount.com
Rest and recovery
- Activity based recovery time
- Recovery time daily view: on watch
- Feeling insights: in Suunto Movescount.com and with Suunto Movescount App
- Feeling stored after training to watch
- Feeling trend: in Suunto Movescount.com
Training load
- Logbook with Move details: on watch
- Move summary with lap details: on watch
- Training load with totals by sport: on watch
- Training logbook for long term overviews
- Training analysis with graphs, lap tables, maps, totals: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Training insights totals duration/distances by sport: in Suunto Movescount.com and with Suunto Movescount App
- Training types stored to Moves: on watch
- Training type long term overviews: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Long term training load based on recovery values: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Heart rate zone total insights: on watch, in Suunto Movescount.com and with Suunto Movescount App
- Annual and all time personal bests compared to age group: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Community training insights based goals: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Personal best insights: in Suunto Movescount.com and with Suunto Movescount App
- Progress analysis with graph comparisons: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Progress analysis with personal best trends: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Progress analysis with scatter diagrams: in Suunto Movescount.com
Share and relive
- Move sharing to social media: via Suunto Movescount.com
- Move rating and commenting: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Follow other members and get feedback via activity stream: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Groups and events to participate: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Photos with watch data overlays with Suunto Movescount App
- Suunto Movies
Sport expertise
- Pool swim pace and distance
- Openwater swim pace and distance
- Records heart rate in swimming: yes, from wrist or with Suunto Smart Sensor
- Swimming time by pool length, lap, total
- Swimming stroke rate, count and type
- Stroke efficiency (SWOLF)
- Automatic intervals
- Interval lap table
- Lap table for swimming analysis with stroke and pace: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Interval guidance with swim pace/duration/distance training support: on watch
- Cycling speed
- Average speed in real time
- Bike POD with speed/cadence support: Bluetooth Smart
- Bike power meter support: Bluetooth Smart
- Bike Power (W), average and maximum (with power sensor): Bluetooth Smart
- Bike Lap and Lap Maximum Power (with power sensor)
- Power distribution and graphs: with power sensor (available in Suunto Movescount.com)
- Peak Power Curve for peak power outputs: with power sensor (available in Suunto Movescount.com)
- Real-time lap table with avg HR, avg power and avg speed
- Interval guidance with power/speed/heart rate: on watch
- Running pace
- Suunto FusedSpeed™
- Running power with Stryd sensor
- Foot POD calibration: automatic
- Lap comparisons: on watch and in Suunto Movescount.com
- Average, max, lap pace in real time
- Interval guidance with running pace/heart rate/distance: on watch
- Change sport mode during exercise
- Preconfigured multisport modes
- Post-analysis of multisport exercise by sport: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Multisport exercise summary: on watch
Sport modes
- Customizable sport modes and displays: in Suunto Movescount.com
- Graphical displays in sport modes: heart rate, speed and altitude
- Available measurement parameters: > 50 values on watch
- Numeric displays in sport modes: 1-7 fields, lap table view
- Pre-installed sport modes on watch: > 80
- Sport modes for specific purpose (racing, intervals, long training...)
Weight and Measurements
- Measurements: 46 x 46 x 15.7 mm / 1.81 x 1.81 x 0.62 "
- Weight: 56 g / 1.98 oz
- Bezel material: Stainless steel
- Glass material: Mineral crystal
- Case material: Glass fibre reinforced polyamide
- Strap material: Silicone
What's in the box?
- Spartan Trainer Wrist HR Sandstone
- USB cable
- Quick Guide
- Warranty Leaflet
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Suunto Spartan Trainer Wrist HR Sandstone
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Suunto was founded in 1936 by outdoors man and a keen orienteering enthusiast Tuomas Vohlonen, who had long been bothered by a problem: the inaccuracy of traditional dry compasses and their lack of steady needle operation.
Today, Suunto is a leading designer and manufacturer of sports instruments for training, diving, mountaineering, hiking, skiing, sailing and golf..Prized for their design, accuracy and dependability, Suunto sports instruments combine the aesthetics and functionality of watches with sport-specific computers that help athletes at all levels analyze and improve performance.
Headquartered in Vantaa, Finland, , Suunto employs more than 500 people worldwide and distributes its products to over 100 countries.
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Subscribe To The Weinsteins Think Americans Are Too Dumb For Bong Joon-ho's Version Of Snowpiercer Updates
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The Weinstein Company only recently ended their mini-feud with Warner Bros. over the title of their upcoming biopic Lee Daniels' The Butler, but the studio is already back in the spotlight thanks to their plans to edit the ever-loving shit out of Bong Joon-ho's Snowpiercer before it can be seen in any of the English-speaking countries where they're distributing it. While I can't currently think of a legitimate reason for these cuts to be made, TwitchFilm reports the that the Weinsteins are essentially doing it because they think some Americans are too stupid to understand the film. Thanks, bros. We really appreciate that one.
Film critic and festival programmer Tony Rayns told the site, "TWC people have told Bong that their aim is to make sure the film 'will be understood by audiences in Iowa…and Oklahoma." He goes on to say, "Leaving aside the issue of what Weinstein thinks of its audience, it seems to say the least anomalous that the rest of the English-speaking world has to be dragged down to the presumed level of American mid-west hicks." I mean, perhaps it's progressive thinking for TWC to assume our country's most backwoods citizens are even aware of the Korean filmmaker or his films, but that doesn't mean they can't grasp the films themselves.
Beyond smashing Korean box office records, Snowpiercer has received very positive early reviews from outlets like TwitchFilm, The Hollywood Reporter, and Variety - all of which are run by non-invalid English-speaking people – yet TWC wants to butcher 20 minutes from the film, knocking its story-heavy 126 minute runtime down to a more action-oriented 106 mins.
Rayns spoke with Bong at the Seoul premiere of the film on July 29th and learned that character development would take the brunt of the edits, and that a hackneyed detail-spewing voiceover would be inserted for both the opening and the ending of the film. Granted, Snowpiercer has a rich backstory that could be a film all on its own, but it doesn't need to be spelled out for anyone. Bong didn't become a highly acclaimed filmmaker by making movies about cardboard cutouts. This is a movie that deals with a bullet train populated by all levels of social class, and how that hierarchy gets undermined by some of its passengers. I guess since there aren't any speeding trains in Oklahoma so they'd never be able to understand what's going on in the movie... or something.
The UK and possibly Australia are looking into protesting the needless edits for their countries, but it looks like Americans are just going to have to wait to see the complete film on Blu-ray many months from now. Disgusting.
Try not to get confused by the film's trailer below, and let us know in the comments just how insulted this makes you. Maybe send an email to TWC as well.


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Let your fingers take a tour of the fuzzy, felt Enterprise with this crafty quiet book, featuring finger puppets of the Star Trek: The Next Generation crew, a detachable saucer section, and a Locutus of Borg paper doll.
Julie Gillrie created this crafty tome — as well as a Star Wars quiet book with a kit available on Etsy. Gillrie says she plans to eventually make Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings books.
[Star Trek Quiet Book via Metafilter]


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Weekend review
It was 'Shock Saturday' in the Premier League as Manchester City and Manchester United succumbed to West Midlands opponents. Elsewhere, there were wins for Arsenal and Liverpool, while the pressure continues to build of Martin Jol. All that and more in our review of the weekend...
By Matt Stanger & Adam Bate
Last Updated: 30/09/13 12:25pm
Spotlight on Moyes
Six matches into David Moyes' six-year contract and Manchester United lie 12th in the Premier League, two points behind Aston Villa, for whom the fixture computer fiddled an even harder start. Only Swansea and the bottom three have conceded more goals than the champions, who haven't scored from open play in the top flight since the first match of the season. It's really not going to plan. Perhaps the worst part of United's dreadful form is that Moyes still hasn't got to grips with the increased media exposure. Since his first day in the job on July 1, the manager has looked like a rabbit in the headlights, and that uncertainty has translated to the players' performances.
First came Moyes' wide-eyed admiration of the strength in depth he suddenly had at his disposal. "The squad Manchester United has, without any additions, will be tough opponents for any team this year," said the manager of July 29. "That is the squad that finished 11 points clear in the Premier League. I am confident in that squad." Moyes also added, "I wouldn't be worried if I didn't add to the squad." But then, after only Marouane Fellaini arrived on deadline day and following a 4-1 thrashing by City, doubts began to creep in, with the manager claiming that the reason for United's title victory "was probably the (form) of other teams that were poor".
Now United need "one or two to go right into the team". The squad lacks "five or six world-class players" to win the Champions League and, in what is the most small-time quote for a manager of Manchester United, Moyes insisted after the defeat to West Brom that: "We will just go out and try and win the next one." We will just go out and try and win the next one...
Moyes also hasn't helped himself by haemorrhaging signs of weakness as the questions become more pointed. Why did Moyes claim that United aren't good enough to win the Champions League on the back of a hugely disappointing home defeat to West Brom? That may be true, but with the champions' confidence lower than it has been in a long time, the last thing the squad needed was another kicking. Moyes has already suggested that last year's title victory owes much to the weakness of United's Premier League rivals and undermining his team in this manner is unlikely to engender improved performances. MS
SAS mission
Fitting Luis Suarez back into the team and continuing to get the best out of Daniel Sturridge was always going to be a challenge for Brendan Rodgers at Liverpool. The fact that Suarez scored a brace on his Premier League return with Sturridge setting up both and scoring another has to regarded as an emphatic triumph. Sunderland simply could not cope with the pace and quality of the front pair.
Rodgers has had to change his formation to 3-4-1-2 in order to avoid pushing one of the two star men out to the wing and the switch has proved a qualified success. There will be tougher tests than Sunday ahead, but with Philippe Coutinho seemingly ideally suited to that role in the hole, there could be improvements to be made too. With Crystal Palace at home next up, there is cause for cautious optimism again at Anfield. AB
Read an in-depth match analysis of Liverpool's win at Sunderland by clicking here
Ramsey is the star again
Five successive Premier League victories, nine on the bounce in all competitions (if you count beating West Brom on penalties, which I expect you won't, just to be difficult), plus 20 goals scored and only six conceded in the six weeks since the 3-1 defeat to Aston Villa. After that miserable opening day at the Emirates, who would have thought that Arsenal would recover so quickly and so comprehensively? It's a transformation embodied by the emboldened performances of Aaron Ramsey, who was simply superb at the Liberty Stadium on Saturday evening.
Although the midfielder's goals have grabbed the headlines - he notched his eighth in eight matches on Saturday - the improvement in his all-round contribution is quite astonishing. That no-one has made more tackles than Ramsey in the Premier League this season emphasises his abrupt return to form and the confidence that was previously lacking following the harrowing collision with Ryan Shawcross in 2010. MS
Read an in-depth match analysis of Arsenal's win at Swansea by clicking here
Baggies boinging back
West Brom took the acclaim for beating Manchester United on Saturday, although coming out on top in a mid-table clash perhaps isn't much to boast about. Steve Clarke will be particularly pleased with his team's cutting edge at Old Trafford as the champions were defeated by two excellent goals. Concerns over the Baggies' lack of firepower have dissipated after five strikes in back-to-back victories and with Matej Vydra still to return from injury, Clarke finally appears to have the attacking options that were a long time coming in the transfer window.
It's difficult to decide whether the acquisition of influential duo Morgan Amalfitano and Stephane Sessegnon was by luck or design, with the Frenchman joining on loan from Marseille on September 1 and the Beninese only arriving due to Paolo Di Canio being a bit, well, strange. West Brom were desperate for anyone at that late stage of the window, but it just so happens that the bodies they recruited look like being vital additions. MS
Villa's smash and grab
Aston Villa were another unlikely winner on shock Saturday as they profited from Manchester City's sheer incomprehension of the events that were unfolding around them at Villa Park. "I think today we play well. We deserved another goal, but the score says something different," said a stunned Manuel Pellegrini at full time. "Twice we had the advantage in the score, but in five minutes we did two things that threw away all we did in the rest of the game."
Although Villa's victory was very smashy and grabby, that shouldn't undermine the efforts of Paul Lambert's young side, who were playing the first of four or five matches without Christian Benteke. The hosts showed unerring opportunism to make the most of their chances, with Leandro Bacuna providing a crucial contribution by assisting Karim El Ahmadi's equaliser and then firing in one of his own with a brilliant free-kick. MS
Backward step for City
A big leap forward in the stunning victory over Manchester United, a small step backwards with defeat to Aston Villa. City shouldn't dwell too much on Saturday's loss as they dominated the match before losing concentration in three key minutes. Of course, it is the second time this season that City have slumped in such a fashion, but two games is not yet a pattern, and Pellegrini will drill the need for consistency into his team before Wednesday's big test against Bayern Munich.
While that fixture is important, City must ensure that they don't become a team who performs in the tougher battles but takes the lesser-weights lightly. The Bayern clash will tell us much about the strength of this City side, their focus and their ability to recover. But equally, Everton's trip to the Etihad on Saturday will provide early evidence of whether they are in the title race for the long haul. It's a fixture City have struggled in in recent seasons, but it is now a match they must win after throwing away three points at Villa. Three away wins in the last 11 Premier League away fixtures is an indication of where form must improve. MS
Time up for Jol?
Signing Scott Parker for £4million and handing a player who will be 33 in two weeks a three-year deal could be considered a sackable offence in itself, and Jol appears to be hanging on to his job by his fingernails after Fulham fans again called for him to leave following the 2-1 defeat to Cardiff. In truth, it wouldn't be a surprise if the manager decides to walk after assembling a team that brings nothing but visions of a bleak and slow, very slow, future.
To see Parker and Steve Sidwell bustling aimlessly around the midfield is to see midweek trips to Barnsley and Yeovil, the fading sparkle in the eyes of a loved one, the unforgiving expanse of retirement, and then, at long last, the gentle kiss of sweet, relieving death, as your life passes before your eyes for one last time and you wish you had eaten more pudding. Still, at least the manager can take solace in knowing that he outlasted the Michael Jackson statue. MS
Pressure eases on Hughton
There was little sign of a cutting edge from Norwich in their 1-0 win at Stoke on Sunday but that doesn't mean to say it was anything other than a huge day for Chris Hughton and his team. The Canaries boss had claimed 23 points from the previous 26 Premier League games going into this one - relegation form and no mistake. Hughton could not afford for that run to continue much longer in light of his significant summer spending at Carrow Road.
Perhaps most encouragingly, the Norwich boss changed his system to get the win at the Britannia Stadium - reintroducing Alexander Tettey in the holding role and allowing Jonny Howson and Leroy Fer to push forward more. Howson got the goal and Fer was man of the match so it's fair to say that it paid off. While some have been pushing for the inclusion of Gary Hooper alongside Ricky van Wolfswinkel, it could be that Hughton has stumbled upon an alternative formula for success. AB
Read an in-depth match analysis of Norwich's win at Stoke by clicking here
Cut adrift?
Sunderland certainly seemed lifted by the presence of former hero Kevin Ball in the dug-out on Sunday but the struggling side he inherited still found themselves picked off efficiently by Liverpool's ruthless strike partnership. Ball is charged with rebuilding confidence but with Manchester United and Swansea up next before the visit of rivals Newcastle, the Premier League is no place for fragility.
With just one point and a goal difference of minus 10, Sunderland are already effectively five points from safety. Crystal Palace have also lost five of their first six to find themselves one place off the bottom. The teams above will be hopeful that two of the three teams for the drop this season can already be tentatively pencilled in. AB
Issues for Portuguese pair
There was little resolved either way in the dispute between Andre Villas-Boas and Jose Mourinho at White Hart Lane in the early kick-off on Saturday. It was the proverbial game of two halves with Tottenham dominating before the break with Chelsea coming back at the home side only to have Fernando Torres dubiously sent off. "They were better than us in the first half," said Mourinho after the match. "In the second half, only one team. And the team was very, very strong until the moment the referee made a big mistake. At that moment we were much better. They were in big trouble." MS
Read an in-depth look at the issues that came out of the Spurs v Chelsea game by clicking here


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Day2 IBM Executive Sessions
Visits (13680)
This week several IBM executives will present at the 28th Annual Data Center Conference here in Las Vegas. Here is a quick recap:
With IBM's compelling vision for the future, best of breed solutions, leadership in management software, extensive experience in services, and solid business industry knowledge, it makes sense to tap IBM to help with your next IT transformation.
technorati tags: IBM, GDC09, LSC28, Steve Sams, Helene Armitage, CFO, PMDC, SVC
Day2 Global Economy and the Implications of Business Strategy
Visits (10839)
Jeff Garten, a professor of International Trade at the Yale School of Management covered the Post-Crisis Global Economy. How well did the world's governments do? Here was his "scorecard" of the five "R's":
Jeff did not give the impression the worst was over. Rather, he felt there were still problems ahead, banks are still carrying a lot of bad debt and real estate industry may take a while to recover. He feels the era of a dollar-centric world that started circa 1945 is over, and that the dollar will continue to decline for several decades. Replacing this will be a combination of the Euro, Japanese Yen and Chinese Yuan.
What can we look forward to? There is a definite shift to Asia and other large emerging markets like Brazil. The "Global Commons" like food and energy are under severe stress. Global rules will go under a sort of remission. A resurgence of National governments to protect citizens is underway. Finally, there will be a return of Industrial policy.
technorati tags: , global economy, business strategy, Jeff Garten, Yale, GDC09, LSC28
Day2 Service Management and the Language Gap
Visits (12248)
Continuing my week in Las Vegas for the Data Center Conference 2009, I attended a keynote session on Service Management. There were two analysts that co-presented this session.
One analyst was the wife of a real CEO, and the other was the wife of a real CIO, so the two analysts explained that there was a langauge gap between IT and business. Use the analogy of a clock, business is concerned with the time shown on the front face is correct and ticking properly, but behind the scenes, the gears of the clock, represent IT, finance, supply chain and other operations.
Based on recent surveys, there is a 45 percent "alignment" between the goals of CEO and the goals of a CIO. CEOs are concerned about decision making, workforce productivity, and customer satisfaction. CIOs on the other hand are worried about costs, operations and change initiatives. Both CEOs and CIOs are focused on innovations that can improve business process. Service management strives to shorten the language gap between business and IT, by helping to drive operational excellence that benefits both CEO and CIO goals. Recent surveys found the key drivers for this are controlling costs, improving customer satisfaction, availability, agilty and making better business decisions.
Unfortunately, in this economy, the idea of "transformation" is out, and "restructuring" is in. In much the same way that employees have abandoned career development in favor of simple job preservation, companies are focused on tactical solutions to get through this financial meltdown, rather than launching transformation projects like deploying Service Management tools.
How much influence does the CIO have on running the rest of the business? Various surveys have found the following, ranked from most influential to least:
The bottom rank not only have little or no influence, but are at risk of losing their jobs. Evaluations based on a Maturity model finds many I&O operations in trouble, 11 percent taking some pro-active measures, 59 percent committed to improvement, and 30 percent aware of the problems.
IT Service Management tries to bring a similar discipline as Portfolio Management and Application Lifecycle Management. Why can't IT be treated like any other part of the business portfolio? What is the business value of IT? IT can help a business run, grow and even transform. IT can help consolidate and centralize shared services to help leverage resources and offer cost optimizations not just for itself, but for the business as a whole.
CIOs that can adopt IT Service Management can have a "Jacks or Better" chance for a seat at the executive table to help drive the business forward.
technorati tags: service+management, CIO, CEO, GDC09, LSC28, transformation, restructuring, ITSM
Day2 Infrastructure and Operations
Visits (11963)
This week I am at the Data Center Conference 2009 in Las Vegas. There are some 1700 people registered this year for this conferece, representing a variety of industries like Public sector, Services, Finance, Healthcare and Manufacturing. A survey of the attendees found:
Plans for 2010 IT budgets were split evenly, one third planning to spend more, one third planning to spend about the same, and the final third looking to cut their IT budgets even further than in 2009. The biggest challenges were Powe
There are six keynote sessions scheduled, and 66 breakout sessions for the week. A "Hot Topic" was added on "Why the marketplace prefers one-stop shopping" which plays to the strengths of IT supermarkets like IBM, encourages HP to acquire EDS and 3Com, and forces specialty shops like Cisco and EMC to form alliances.
Day 2 began with a series of keynote sessions. Normally when I see "IO" or "I/O", I immediately think of input/output, but here "I&O" refers to Infrastructure and Operations.
Unlike other conferences that clump all the keynotes at the beginning, this one spreads the "Keynote" sessions out across several days, so I will cover the rest over separate posts.
technorati tags: lsc28, operations, gdc09, infrastructure, cloud+computing, twitter, facebook
Day 1 - Data Center Conference 2009
Visits (13814)
This week I am blogging from beautiful Caesars Palace hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada to report on what I see and hear at the 28th annual Data Center Conference. Today was simply registration, which opened at 4pm, and I was able to get my conference backpack, badge, and details of the week.
Already, I can tell there will be more people here, and it looks like the economy is on the rebound versus last year. Here are my posts from 12 months ago when I attended this conference in 2008:
This year, we will have the IBM Portable Modular Data Center (PMDC) with XIV and iDataPlex inside, as well as several subject matter experts joining me at the solution center. Look for us in the "Hunter Green" shirts.
technorati tags: IBM, GDC09, LSC28


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ON US TV today (Sept. 22), the clerk who refused to issue marriage licenses to ANY couple because she didn't believe in same sex marriage has said what hurts her most about how she has been treated since she defied the Supreme Court ruling on marriage in June – being called 'a hypocrite'.
Kim Davis of Rowan County, Kentucky, has been jailed, received a 'Religious Liberty' award for fighting 'legal tyranny', been called 'the bravest woman in America' and compared to Abraham Lincoln by her lawyer. She has also been called a martyr and a victim of anti-Christian persecution. She even admitted denying marriage licences to friends, and receiving death threats.
All because she believes in her Christian duty to break the oath she took as a US Government official to uphold the law, in a country whose constitution explicitly forbids the primacy of any religion. The First Amendment clearly states that the US government cannot make any law 'respecting an establishment of religion.' In the words of the Supreme Court, this generally means that the government can't "pass laws which aid one religion, aid all religions, or prefer one religion over another," or otherwise become entangled in religious affairs.


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— Lynn Kircher, Sculptor
Lynn's Addition to the
In April of 2002, Lynn fulfilled a life long dream when he and his mom, his first patron, presented a sculpture to John Paul II for the Vatican Collection.
Vatican Collection
Click here to read more...
Watch an interview with Lynn Kircher during the Rio Costilla Art Tour on September 8th, at his studio in Jaroso. He talks about a sculpture presented to the Vatican.
Contemporary Sculptor, Lynn Kircher, proudly presents his artistic achievements and capabilities on this Religious Sculpture web site. In a career spanning several decades after much time spent in more traditional artistic posts, Lynn Kircher has realized a true calling creating custom liturgical art – statues and sculptures grounded in the timeless traditions of the Church. He is pleased to touch lives in so many ways with the sculptures he develops so meticulously in his studio. He recognizes that religious art changes lives. When people behold sacred subjects captured in three dimensions, they are reminded of the abundant, life-giving power of the Holy Trinity, including the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
Kircher's website gives prospective patrons a glimpse of the creative works that reflect the power of the divine. As you explore the sizeable portfolio of Contemporary Religious Art, you will see what a stunning piece of artwork also does to transform any physical environment. A patron is an individual, a family, a church, an organization, or even a community who wants to commission a custom piece of art.
Gifted artists like Kircher with professional training in art and design spend countless hours in the studio to produce your custom creation. Kircher's statues and sculptures reflect the grace and spirit of the liturgy, add beauty and spiritual wonder to large and small spaces, and are customized according to the specific details of each patron. Kircher's works are so well known that he has even contributed a piece to the Vatican collection of Pope John Paul II.
As a Religious Artist, Kircher specializes in Sculptures and Statues For The Church, Angel Sculptures, Crucifix Sculptures, Religious Art Sculptures, and Religious Bronze Sculptures. No matter what walk of life you come from, you will recognize the power of religious sculpture. This genre of art inspires many human emotions. With a work by Kircher, spread feelings of hope, joy, comfort, solace, humility, awe, wonder, and servitude. Through art, enhance your faith and your ministry. Help your congregation deepen their understanding of church lessons. Rejoice and reflect upon God's presence, celebrated in a custom work of art, brought to life with creative vision and meticulous craftsmanship.
When you stand in the presence of a sacred image created by human hands, you connect just a little more closely to the divine, and it doesn't matter what your faith or your problems are. You can take away those powerful feelings only the Creator gives His people.


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Posted: Thursday, October 21, 2010
Where to Put 'em is the Fantasy Football Nerd's look at the best and worst match ups for Week 7. Decisions are based upon the FFN rankings and match up analysis. Given the known conditions, these match ups are the ones to watch and/or avoid.
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Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. 6, by Edward Gibbon, [1788], at sacred-texts.com
Applications Of The Eastern Emperors To The Popes. - Visits To The West, Of John The First, Manuel, And John The Second, Palaeologus. - Union Of The Greek And Latin Churches, Promoted By The Council Of Basil, And Concluded At Ferrara And Florence. - State Of Literature At Constantinople. - Its Revival In Italy By The Greek Fugitives. - Curiosity And Emulation Of The Latins.
In the four last centuries of the Greek emperors, their friendly or hostile aspect towards the pope and the Latins may be observed as the thermometer of their prosperity or distress; as the scale of the rise and fall of the Barbarian dynasties. When the Turks of the house of Seljuk pervaded Asia, and threatened Constantinople, we have seen, at the council of Placentia, the suppliant ambassadors of Alexius imploring the protection of the common father of the Christians. No sooner had the arms of the French pilgrims removed the sultan from Nice to Iconium, than the Greek princes resumed, or avowed, their genuine hatred and contempt for the schismatics of the West, which precipitated the first downfall of their empire. The date of the Mogul invasion is marked in the soft and charitable language of John Vataces. After the recovery of Constantinople, the throne of the first Palaeologus was encompassed by foreign and domestic enemies; as long as the sword of Charles was suspended over his head, he basely courted the favor of the Roman pontiff; and sacrificed to the present danger his faith, his virtue, and the affection of his subjects. On the decease of Michael, the prince and people asserted the independence of their church, and the purity of their creed: the elder Andronicus neither feared nor loved the Latins; in his last distress, pride was the safeguard of superstition; nor could he decently retract in his age the firm and orthodox declarations of his youth. His grandson, the younger Andronicus, was less a slave in his temper and situation; and the conquest of Bithynia by the Turks admonished him to seek a temporal and spiritual alliance with the Western princes. After a separation and silence of fifty years, a secret agent, the monk Barlaam, was despatched to Pope Benedict the Twelfth; and his artful instructions appear to have been drawn by the master-hand of the great domestic. 1 "Most holy father," was he commissioned to say, "the emperor is not less desirous than yourself of a union between the two churches: but in this delicate transaction, he is obliged to respect his own dignity and the prejudices of his subjects. The ways of union are twofold; force and persuasion. Of force, the inefficacy has been already tried; since the Latins have subdued the empire, without subduing the minds, of the Greeks. The method of persuasion, though slow, is sure and permanent. A deputation of thirty or forty of our doctors would probably agree with those of the Vatican, in the love of truth and the unity of belief; but on their return, what would be the use, the recompense, of such an agreement? the scorn of their brethren, and the reproaches of a blind and obstinate nation. Yet that nation is accustomed to reverence the general councils, which have fixed the articles of our faith; and if they reprobate the decrees of Lyons, it is because the Eastern churches were neither heard nor represented in that arbitrary meeting. For this salutary end, it will be expedient, and even necessary, that a well-chosen legate should be sent into Greece, to convene the patriarchs of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem; and, with their aid, to prepare a free and universal synod. But at this moment," continued the subtle agent, "the empire is assaulted and endangered by the Turks, who have occupied four of the greatest cities of Anatolia. The Christian inhabitants have expressed a wish of returning to their allegiance and religion; but the forces and revenues of the emperor are insufficient for their deliverance: and the Roman legate must be accompanied, or preceded, by an army of Franks, to expel the infidels, and open a way to the holy sepulchre." If the suspicious Latins should require some pledge, some previous effect of the sincerity of the Greeks, the answers of Barlaam were perspicuous and rational. "1. A general synod can alone consummate the union of the churches; nor can such a synod be held till the three Oriental patriarchs, and a great number of bishops, are enfranchised from the Mahometan yoke. 2. The Greeks are alienated by a long series of oppression and injury: they must be reconciled by some act of brotherly love, some effectual succor, which may fortify the authority and arguments of the emperor, and the friends of the union. 3. If some difference of faith or ceremonies should be found incurable, the Greeks, however, are the disciples of Christ; and the Turks are the common enemies of the Christian name. The Armenians, Cyprians, and Rhodians, are equally attacked; and it will become the piety of the French princes to draw their swords in the general defence of religion. 4. Should the subjects of Andronicus be treated as the worst of schismatics, of heretics, of pagans, a judicious policy may yet instruct the powers of the West to embrace a useful ally, to uphold a sinking empire, to guard the confines of Europe; and rather to join the Greeks against the Turks, than to expect the union of the Turkish arms with the troops and treasures of captive Greece." The reasons, the offers, and the demands, of Andronicus were eluded with cold and stately indifference. The kings of France and Naples declined the dangers and glory of a crusade; the pope refused to call a new synod to determine old articles of faith; and his regard for the obsolete claims of the Latin emperor and clergy engaged him to use an offensive superscription, - "To the moderator 2 of the Greeks, and the persons who style themselves the patriarchs of the Eastern churches." For such an embassy, a time and character less propitious could not easily have been found. Benedict the Twelfth 3 was a dull peasant, perplexed with scruples, and immersed in sloth and wine: his pride might enrich with a third crown the papal tiara, but he was alike unfit for the regal and the pastoral office.
After the decease of Andronicus, while the Greeks were distracted by intestine war, they could not presume to agitate a general union of the Christians. But as soon as Cantacuzene had subdued and pardoned his enemies, he was anxious to justify, or at least to extenuate, the introduction of the Turks into Europe, and the nuptials of his daughter with a Mussulman prince. Two officers of state, with a Latin interpreter, were sent in his name to the Roman court, which was transplanted to Avignon, on the banks of the Rhone, during a period of seventy years: they represented the hard necessity which had urged him to embrace the alliance of the miscreants, and pronounced by his command the specious and edifying sounds of union and crusade. Pope Clement the Sixth, 4 the successor of Benedict, received them with hospitality and honor, acknowledged the innocence of their sovereign, excused his distress, applauded his magnanimity, and displayed a clear knowledge of the state and revolutions of the Greek empire, which he had imbibed from the honest accounts of a Savoyard lady, an attendant of the empress Anne. 5 If Clement was ill endowed with the virtues of a priest, he possessed, however, the spirit and magnificence of a prince, whose liberal hand distributed benefices and kingdoms with equal facility. Under his reign Avignon was the seat of pomp and pleasure: in his youth he had surpassed the licentiousness of a baron; and the palace, nay, the bed-chamber of the pope, was adorned, or polluted, by the visits of his female favorites. The wars of France and England were adverse to the holy enterprise; but his vanity was amused by the splendid idea; and the Greek ambassadors returned with two Latin bishops, the ministers of the pontiff. On their arrival at Constantinople, the emperor and the nuncios admired each other's piety and eloquence; and their frequent conferences were filled with mutual praises and promises, by which both parties were amused, and neither could be deceived. "I am delighted," said the devout Cantacuzene, "with the project of our holy war, which must redound to my personal glory, as well as to the public benefit of Christendom. My dominions will give a free passage to the armies of France: my troops, my galleys, my treasures, shall be consecrated to the common cause; and happy would be my fate, could I deserve and obtain the crown of martyrdom. Words are insufficient to express the ardor with which I sigh for the reunion of the scattered members of Christ. If my death could avail, I would gladly present my sword and my neck: if the spiritual phoenix could arise from my ashes, I would erect the pile, and kindle the flame with my own hands." Yet the Greek emperor presumed to observe, that the articles of faith which divided the two churches had been introduced by the pride and precipitation of the Latins: he disclaimed the servile and arbitrary steps of the first Palaeologus; and firmly declared, that he would never submit his conscience unless to the decrees of a free and universal synod. "The situation of the times," continued he, "will not allow the pope and myself to meet either at Rome or Constantinople; but some maritime city may be chosen on the verge of the two empires, to unite the bishops, and to instruct the faithful, of the East and West." The nuncios seemed content with the proposition; and Cantacuzene affects to deplore the failure of his hopes, which were soon overthrown by the death of Clement, and the different temper of his successor. His own life was prolonged, but it was prolonged in a cloister; and, except by his prayers, the humble monk was incapable of directing the counsels of his pupil or the state. 6
Yet of all the Byzantine princes, that pupil, John Palaeologus, was the best disposed to embrace, to believe, and to obey, the shepherd of the West. His mother, Anne of Savoy, was baptized in the bosom of the Latin church: her marriage with Andronicus imposed a change of name, of apparel, and of worship, but her heart was still faithful to her country and religion: she had formed the infancy of her son, and she governed the emperor, after his mind, or at least his stature, was enlarged to the size of man. In the first year of his deliverance and restoration, the Turks were still masters of the Hellespont; the son of Cantacuzene was in arms at Adrianople; and Palaeologus could depend neither on himself nor on his people. By his mother's advice, and in the hope of foreign aid, he abjured the rights both of the church and state; and the act of slavery, 7 subscribed in purple ink, and sealed with the golden bull, was privately intrusted to an Italian agent. The first article of the treaty is an oath of fidelity and obedience to Innocent the Sixth and his successors, the supreme pontiffs of the Roman and Catholic church. The emperor promises to entertain with due reverence their legates and nuncios; to assign a palace for their residence, and a temple for their worship; and to deliver his second son Manuel as the hostage of his faith. For these condescensions he requires a prompt succor of fifteen galleys, with five hundred men at arms, and a thousand archers, to serve against his Christian and Mussulman enemies. Palaeologus engages to impose on his clergy and people the same spiritual yoke; but as the resistance of the Greeks might be justly foreseen, he adopts the two effectual methods of corruption and education. The legate was empowered to distribute the vacant benefices among the ecclesiastics who should subscribe the creed of the Vatican: three schools were instituted to instruct the youth of Constantinople in the language and doctrine of the Latins; and the name of Andronicus, the heir of the empire, was enrolled as the first student. Should he fail in the measures of persuasion or force, Palaeologus declares himself unworthy to reign; transferred to the pope all regal and paternal authority; and invests Innocent with full power to regulate the family, the government, and the marriage, of his son and successor. But this treaty was neither executed nor published: the Roman galleys were as vain and imaginary as the submission of the Greeks; and it was only by the secrecy that their sovereign escaped the dishonor of this fruitless humiliation.
The tempest of the Turkish arms soon burst on his head; and after the loss of Adrianople and Romania, he was enclosed in his capital, the vassal of the haughty Amurath, with the miserable hope of being the last devoured by the savage. In this abject state, Palaeologus embraced the resolution of embarking for Venice, and casting himself at the feet of the pope: he was the first of the Byzantine princes who had ever visited the unknown regions of the West, yet in them alone he could seek consolation or relief; and with less violation of his dignity he might appear in the sacred college than at the Ottoman Porte. After a long absence, the Roman pontiffs were returning from Avignon to the banks of the Tyber: Urban the Fifth, 8 of a mild and virtuous character, encouraged or allowed the pilgrimage of the Greek prince; and, within the same year, enjoyed the glory of receiving in the Vatican the two Imperial shadows who represented the majesty of Constantine and Charlemagne. In this suppliant visit, the emperor of Constantinople, whose vanity was lost in his distress, gave more than could be expected of empty sounds and formal submissions. A previous trial was imposed; and, in the presence of four cardinals, he acknowledged, as a true Catholic, the supremacy of the pope, and the double procession of the Holy Ghost. After this purification, he was introduced to a public audience in the church of St. Peter: Urban, in the midst of the cardinals, was seated on his throne; the Greek monarch, after three genuflections, devoutly kissed the feet, the hands, and at length the mouth, of the holy father, who celebrated high mass in his presence, allowed him to lead the bridle of his mule, and treated him with a sumptuous banquet in the Vatican. The entertainment of Palaeologus was friendly and honorable; yet some difference was observed between the emperors of the East and West; 9 nor could the former be entitled to the rare privilege of chanting the gospel in the rank of a deacon. 10 In favor of his proselyte, Urban strove to rekindle the zeal of the French king and the other powers of the West; but he found them cold in the general cause, and active only in their domestic quarrels. The last hope of the emperor was in an English mercenary, John Hawkwood, 11 or Acuto, who, with a band of adventurers, the white brotherhood, had ravaged Italy from the Alps to Calabria; sold his services to the hostile states; and incurred a just excommunication by shooting his arrows against the papal residence. A special license was granted to negotiate with the outlaw, but the forces, or the spirit, of Hawkwood, were unequal to the enterprise: and it was for the advantage, perhaps, of Palaeologus to be disappointed of succor, that must have been costly, that could not be effectual, and which might have been dangerous. 12 The disconsolate Greek 13 prepared for his return, but even his return was impeded by a most ignominious obstacle. On his arrival at Venice, he had borrowed large sums at exorbitant usury; but his coffers were empty, his creditors were impatient, and his person was detained as the best security for the payment. His eldest son, Andronicus, the regent of Constantinople, was repeatedly urged to exhaust every resource; and even by stripping the churches, to extricate his father from captivity and disgrace. But the unnatural youth was insensible of the disgrace, and secretly pleased with the captivity of the emperor: the state was poor, the clergy were obstinate; nor could some religious scruple be wanting to excuse the guilt of his indifference and delay. Such undutiful neglect was severely reproved by the piety of his brother Manuel, who instantly sold or mortgaged all that he possessed, embarked for Venice, relieved his father, and pledged his own freedom to be responsible for the debt. On his return to Constantinople, the parent and king distinguished his two sons with suitable rewards; but the faith and manners of the slothful Palaeologus had not been improved by his Roman pilgrimage; and his apostasy or conversion, devoid of any spiritual or temporal effects, was speedily forgotten by the Greeks and Latins. 14
Thirty years after the return of Palaeologus, his son and successor, Manuel, from a similar motive, but on a larger scale, again visited the countries of the West. In a preceding chapter I have related his treaty with Bajazet, the violation of that treaty, the siege or blockade of Constantinople, and the French succor under the command of the gallant Boucicault. 15 By his ambassadors, Manuel had solicited the Latin powers; but it was thought that the presence of a distressed monarch would draw tears and supplies from the hardest Barbarians; 16 and the marshal who advised the journey prepared the reception of the Byzantine prince. The land was occupied by the Turks; but the navigation of Venice was safe and open: Italy received him as the first, or, at least, as the second, of the Christian princes; Manuel was pitied as the champion and confessor of the faith; and the dignity of his behavior prevented that pity from sinking into contempt. From Venice he proceeded to Padua and Pavia; and even the duke of Milan, a secret ally of Bajazet, gave him safe and honorable conduct to the verge of his dominions. 17 On the confines of France 18 the royal officers undertook the care of his person, journey, and expenses; and two thousand of the richest citizens, in arms and on horseback, came forth to meet him as far as Charenton, in the neighborhood of the capital. At the gates of Paris, he was saluted by the chancellor and the parliament; and Charles the Sixth, attended by his princes and nobles, welcomed his brother with a cordial embrace. The successor of Constantine was clothed in a robe of white silk, and mounted on a milk-white steed, a circumstance, in the French ceremonial, of singular importance: the white color is considered as the symbol of sovereignty; and, in a late visit, the German emperor, after a haughty demand and a peevish refusal, had been reduced to content himself with a black courser. Manuel was lodged in the Louvre; a succession of feasts and balls, the pleasures of the banquet and the chase, were ingeniously varied by the politeness of the French, to display their magnificence, and amuse his grief: he was indulged in the liberty of his chapel; and the doctors of the Sorbonne were astonished, and possibly scandalized, by the language, the rites, and the vestments, of his Greek clergy. But the slightest glance on the state of the kingdom must teach him to despair of any effectual assistance. The unfortunate Charles, though he enjoyed some lucid intervals, continually relapsed into furious or stupid insanity: the reins of government were alternately seized by his brother and uncle, the dukes of Orleans and Burgundy, whose factious competition prepared the miseries of civil war. The former was a gay youth, dissolved in luxury and love: the latter was the father of John count of Nevers, who had so lately been ransomed from Turkish captivity; and, if the fearless son was ardent to revenge his defeat, the more prudent Burgundy was content with the cost and peril of the first experiment. When Manuel had satiated the curiosity, and perhaps fatigued the patience, of the French, he resolved on a visit to the adjacent island. In his progress from Dover, he was entertained at Canterbury with due reverence by the prior and monks of St. Austin; and, on Blackheath, King Henry the Fourth, with the English court, saluted the Greek hero, (I copy our old historian,) who, during many days, was lodged and treated in London as emperor of the East. 19 But the state of England was still more adverse to the design of the holy war. In the same year, the hereditary sovereign had been deposed and murdered: the reigning prince was a successful usurper, whose ambition was punished by jealousy and remorse: nor could Henry of Lancaster withdraw his person or forces from the defence of a throne incessantly shaken by conspiracy and rebellion. He pitied, he praised, he feasted, the emperor of Constantinople; but if the English monarch assumed the cross, it was only to appease his people, and perhaps his conscience, by the merit or semblance of his pious intention. 20 Satisfied, however, with gifts and honors, Manuel returned to Paris; and, after a residence of two years in the West, shaped his course through Germany and Italy, embarked at Venice, and patiently expected, in the Morea, the moment of his ruin or deliverance. Yet he had escaped the ignominious necessity of offering his religion to public or private sale. The Latin church was distracted by the great schism; the kings, the nations, the universities, of Europe were divided in their obedience between the popes of Rome and Avignon; and the emperor, anxious to conciliate the friendship of both parties, abstained from any correspondence with the indigent and unpopular rivals. His journey coincided with the year of the jubilee; but he passed through Italy without desiring, or deserving, the plenary indulgence which abolished the guilt or penance of the sins of the faithful. The Roman pope was offended by this neglect; accused him of irreverence to an image of Christ; and exhorted the princes of Italy to reject and abandon the obstinate schismatic. 21
1 This curious instruction was transcribed (I believe) from the Vatican archives, by Odoricus Raynaldus, in his Continuation of the Annals of Baronius, (Romae, 1646 - 1677, in x. volumes in folio.) I have contented myself with the Abbe Fleury, (Hist. Ecclesiastique. tom. xx. p. 1 - 8,) whose abstracts I have always found to be clear, accurate, and impartial.
2 The ambiguity of this title is happy or ingenious; and moderator, as synonymous to rector, gubernator, is a word of classical, and even Ciceronian, Latinity, which may be found, not in the Glossary of Ducange, but in the Thesaurus of Robert Stephens.
3 The first epistle (sine titulo) of Petrarch exposes the danger of the bark, and the incapacity of the pilot. Haec inter, vino madidus, aeve gravis, ac soporifero rore perfusus, jamjam nutitat, dormitat, jam somno praeceps, atque (utinam solus) ruit . . . . . Heu quanto felicius patrio terram sulcasset aratro, quam scalmum piscatorium ascendisset! This satire engages his biographer to weigh the virtues and vices of Benedict XII. which have been exaggerated by Guelphs and Ghibe lines, by Papists and Protestants, (see Memoires sur la Vie de Petrarque, tom. i. p. 259, ii. not. xv. p. 13 - 16.) He gave occasion to the saying, Bibamus papaliter.
4 See the original Lives of Clement VI. in Muratori, (Script. Rerum Italicarum, tom. iii. P. ii. p. 550 - 589;) Matteo Villani, (Chron. l. iii. c. 43, in Muratori, tom. xiv. p. 186,) who styles him, molto cavallaresco, poco religioso; Fleury, (Hist. Eccles. tom. xx. p. 126;) and the Vie de Petrarque, (tom. ii. p. 42 - 45.) The abbe de Sade treats him with the most indulgence; but he is a gentleman as well as a priest.
5 Her name (most probably corrupted) was Zampea. She had accompanied, and alone remained with her mistress at Constantinople, where her prudence, erudition, and politeness deserved the praises of the Greeks themselves, (Cantacuzen. l. i. c. 42.)
6 See this whole negotiation in Cantacuzene, (l. iv. c. 9,) who, amidst the praises and virtues which he bestows on himself, reveals the uneasiness of a guilty conscience.
7 See this ignominious treaty in Fleury, (Hist. Eccles. p. 151 - 154,) from Raynaldus, who drew it from the Vatican archives. It was not worth the trouble of a pious forgery.
8 See the two first original Lives of Urban V., (in Muratori, Script. Rerum Italicarum, tom. iii. P. ii. p. 623, 635,) and the Ecclesiastical Annals of Spondanus, (tom. i. p. 573, A.D. 1369, No. 7,) and Raynaldus, (Fleury, Hist. Eccles. tom. xx. p. 223, 224.) Yet, from some variations, I suspect the papal writers of slightly magnifying the genuflections of Palaeologus.
9 Paullo minus quam si fuisset Imperator Romanorum. Yet his title of Imperator Graecorum was no longer disputed, (Vit. Urban V. p. 623.)
10 It was confined to the successors of Charlemagne, and to them only on Christmas-day. On all other festivals these Imperial deacons were content to serve the pope, as he said mass, with the book and the corporale. Yet the abbe de Sade generously thinks that the merits of Charles IV. might have entitled him, though not on the proper day, (A.D. 1368, November 1,) to the whole privilege. He seems to affix a just value on the privilege and the man, (Vie de Petrarque, tom. iii. p. 735.)
11 Through some Italian corruptions, the etymology of Falcone in bosco, (Matteo Villani, l. xi. c. 79, in Muratori, tom. xv. p. 746,) suggests the English word Hawkwood, the true name of our adventurous countryman, (Thomas Walsingham, Hist. Anglican. inter Scriptores Cambdeni, p. 184.) After two-and-twenty victories, and one defeat, he died, in 1394, general of the Florentines, and was buried with such honors as the republic has not paid to Dante or Petrarch, (Muratori, Annali d'Italia, tom. xii. p. 212 - 371.)
12 This torrent of English (by birth or service) overflowed from France into Italy after the peace of Bretigny in 1630. Yet the exclamation of Muratori (Annali, tom. xii. p. 197) is rather true than civil. "Ci mancava ancor questo, che dopo essere calpestrata l'Italia da tanti masnadieri Tedeschi ed Ungheri, venissero fin dall' Inghliterra nuovi cani a finire di divorarla."
13 Chalcondyles, l. i. p. 25, 26. The Greek supposes his journey to the king of France, which is sufficiently refuted by the silence of the national historians. Nor am I much more inclined to believe, that Palaeologus departed from Italy, valde bene consolatus et contentus, (Vit. Urban V. p. 623.)
14 His return in 1370, and the coronation of Manuel, Sept. 25, 1373, (Ducange, Fam. Byzant. p. 241,) leaves some intermediate aera for the conspiracy and punishment of Andronicus.
15 Memoires de Boucicault, P. i. c. 35, 36.
16 His journey into the west of Europe is slightly, and I believe reluctantly, noticed by Chalcondyles (l. ii. c. 44 - 50) and Ducas, (c. 14.)
17 Muratori, Annali d'Italia, tom. xii. p. 406. John Galeazzo was the first and most powerful duke of Milan. His connection with Bajazet is attested by Froissard; and he contributed to save and deliver the French captives of Nicopolis.
18 For the reception of Manuel at Paris, see Spondanus, (Annal. Eccles. tom. i. p. 676, 677, A.D. 1400, No. 5,) who quotes Juvenal des Ursins and the monk of St. Denys; and Villaret, (Hist. de France, tom. xii. p. 331 - 334,) who quotes nobody according to the last fashion of the French writers.
19 A short note of Manuel in England is extracted by Dr. Hody from a Ms. at Lambeth, (de Graecis illustribus, p. 14,) C. P. Imperator, diu variisque et horrendis Paganorum insultibus coarctatus, ut pro eisdem resistentiam triumphalem perquireret, Anglorum Regem visitare decrevit, &c. Rex (says Walsingham, p. 364) nobili apparatu . . . suscepit (ut decuit) tantum Heroa, duxitque Londonias, et per multos dies exhibuit gloriose, pro expensis hospitii sui solvens, et eum respiciens tanto fastigio donativis. He repeats the same in his Upodigma Neustriae, (p. 556.)
20 Shakspeare begins and ends the play of Henry IV. with that prince's vow of a crusade, and his belief that he should die in Jerusalem.
21 This fact is preserved in the Historia Politica, A.D. 1391 - 1478, published by Martin Crusius, (Turco Graecia, p. 1 - 43.) The image of Christ, which the Greek emperor refused to worship, was probably a work of sculpture.


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